FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jolmson, J Montoya, M McCalmont, S Katzir, G Fuks, F Earle, J Fresquez, A Gonzalez, S Granata, J AF Jolmson, Jay Montoya, Michael McCalmont, Scott Katzir, Gil Fuks, Felipe Earle, Justis Fresquez, Armando Gonzalez, Sigifredo Granata, Jennifer GP IEEE TI Differentiating Series and Parallel Photovoltaic Arc-Faults SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic systems; arc-fault detection; series and parallel arc-faults; sensors; monitoring; power system safety AB The 2011 National Electrical Code (R) requires PV DC series arc-fault protection but does not require parallel arc-fault protection. As a result, manufacturers are creating arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) which only safely de-energize the arcing circuit when a series arc-fault occurs. Since AFCI devices often use the broadband AC noise on the DC side of the PV system for detection and series and parallel arc-faults create similar frequency content, it is likely an AFCI device will open in the event of either arc-fault type. In the case of parallel arc-faults, opening the AFCI will not extinguish the arc and may make the arc worse, potentially creating a fire. Due to the fire risk from parallel arc-faults, Tigo Energy and Sandia National Laboratories studied series and parallel arc-faults and confirmed the noise signatures from the two arc-faults types are nearly identical. As a result, three alternative methods for differentiating parallel and series arc-faults are presented along with suggestions for arc-fault mitigation of each arc-fault type. C1 [Jolmson, Jay; Montoya, Michael; Fresquez, Armando; Gonzalez, Sigifredo; Granata, Jennifer] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [McCalmont, Scott; Katzir, Gil; Fuks, Felipe; Earle, Justis] Tigo Energy, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. RP Jolmson, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; US Department of Energy; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [NEU-2-11979-03] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was partly funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program and partly supported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under subcontract NEU-2-11979-03. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 720 EP 726 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801002 ER PT J AU Thomas, H Lynn, K Razon, A AF Thomas, Holly Lynn, Kevin Razon, Alvin GP IEEE TI Current Results of the US DOE High Penetration Solar Deployment Project SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE distributed generation; high penetration; photovoltaic systems; utilities; PV; modeling and simulation; interconnection; energy storage; distribution engineering analysis; solar generation; data acquisition system; SunShot AB The SunShot Vision Study defines a scenario for solar energy technologies to significantly contribute to meeting U.S. electricity demand. To achieve this, work is in progress to identify, quantify, and address the impacts of high levels of distributed PV generation on electric distribution systems. The Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP) initiated a project to gain experience and to identify and quantify these potential impacts, develop and verify models of these systems, evaluate methods for mitigating any impacts, and develop potential solutions. This paper summarizes the current progress of the six competitively selected projects. C1 [Thomas, Holly; Lynn, Kevin; Razon, Alvin] US DOE, SunShot Initiat, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Thomas, H (reprint author), US DOE, SunShot Initiat, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 731 EP 736 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801004 ER PT J AU Mather, B Neal, R AF Mather, Barry Neal, Russell GP IEEE TI Integrating High Penetrations of PV into Southern California: Year 2 Project Update SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE high-penetration PV integration; PV impact; distribution system; power hardware-in-loop testing; PHIL AB Southern California Edison (SCE) is well into a five-year project to install a total of 500 MW of distributed photovoltaic (PV) energy within its utility service territory. Typical installations to date are 1-3 MWpeak rooftop PV systems that interconnect to medium-voltage urban distribution circuits or larger (5 MWpeak) ground-mounted systems that connect to medium-voltage rural distribution circuits. Some of the PV system interconnections have resulted in distribution circuits that have a significant amount of PV generation compared to customer load, resulting in high-penetration PV integration scenarios. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and SCE have assembled a team of distribution modeling, resource assessment, and PV inverter technology experts in order to investigate a few of the high-penetration PV distribution circuits. Currently, the distribution circuits being studied include an urban circuit with a PV penetration of approximately 46% and a rural circuit with a PV penetration of approximately 60%. In both cases, power flow on the circuit reverses direction, compared to traditional circuit operation, during periods of high PV power production and low circuit loading. Research efforts during year two of the five-year project were focused on modeling the distribution system level impacts of high-penetration PV integrations, the development and installation of distribution circuit data acquisition equipment appropriate for quantifying the impacts of high-penetration PV integrations, and investigating high-penetration PV impact mitigation strategies. This paper outlines these research efforts and discusses the following activities in more detail: the development of a quasi-static time-series test feeder for evaluating high-penetration PV integration modeling tools; the advanced inverter functions being investigated for deployment in the project's field demonstration and a power hardware-in-loop test of a 500-kW PV inverter implementing a limited set of advanced inverter functions. C1 [Mather, Barry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Neal, Russell] Southern Calif Edison, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. RP Mather, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) OffIce of Energy EffIciency and Renewable Energy (EERE); Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP) [DE-EE0002061]; California Public Utility Commission (CPUC); Development, Demonstration and Deployment (RDD); SCE FX The SCE High-Penetration PV Integration Project is supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) OffIce of Energy EffIciency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP), under the Analysis of High Penetration Levels of PV into the Distribution Grid in California Project, award no. DE-EE0002061, with match funding from the California Public Utility Commission (CPUC) California Solar Initiative (CSI) Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment (RD&D). SCE also supports the project as the host utility. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 737 EP 741 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801005 ER PT J AU Broderick, RJ Ellis, A AF Broderick, Robert J. Ellis, Abraham GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Alternatives to the FERC SGIP Screens for PV Interconnection Studies SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic; interconnection screening; distributed generation; FERC; SGIP; impact study AB Existing screening procedures contained in state and federal interconnection rules are designed to balance the need for efficiency and technical rigor for all Distributed Generation (DG). The interconnection of DG that pose no risk of system impacts based on the screens can be expedited without the need for further studies. While the interconnection screening procedures have served the industry well, they also need to evolve in order to remain relevant with respect to evolving standards, technology, and practical experience. This is particularly important considering the large and increasing volume of DG applications, particularly photovoltaic (PV) generation. This paper discusses the application of two screens from the point of view of PV: the 15% penetration on line sections and the 20 kW aggregate capacity screen for single-phase secondary circuits. We discuss extensions to the existing interconnection screens that allow for a more rigorous upfront technical evaluation to identify potential system impacts, based on the characteristics of PV generation. More effective and efficient screens will allow utilities to focus the interconnection study effort for PV systems on the cases most likely to impact the electric distribution system and avoid unnecessary interconnection study costs and delays. C1 [Broderick, Robert J.; Ellis, Abraham] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Broderick, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 742 EP 747 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801006 ER PT J AU Ropp, ME Ellis, A AF Ropp, M. E. Ellis, A. GP IEEE TI Guidelines Document for Helping Utility Protection Engineers Determine When Additional Anti-Islanding Studies Are Prudent SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy AB As PV deployment levels rise, utility protection engineers are increasingly being asked to deal with questions about islanding, and whether any particular situation presents an elevated risk. Unfortunately, the tools available have not always kept pace with the rapid rate of change of PV technology, and thus protection engineers are sometimes forced to be excessively pessimistic in order to ensure system security. This paper describes a recently-written document intended to help alleviate some of this problem by helping protection engineers to know when islanding is not a significant risk, and situations in which additional study may be prudent. This guidelines document is publicly available from Sandia National Laboratories. C1 [Ropp, M. E.] Northern Plains Power Technol, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ellis, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ropp, ME (reprint author), Northern Plains Power Technol, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 748 EP 752 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801007 ER PT J AU Anctil, A Fthenakis, V AF Anctil, Annick Fthenakis, Vasilis GP IEEE TI Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Energy Payback of Large Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Northeast United States SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE greenhouse gases emissions; life cycle assessment; solar farm ID INSTALLATION AB The majority of large-scale solar farms have so far been constructed in the Southwest of the United States due to the intense insolation there. However, the high cost of electricity and the desire to increase the portion of renewables in the electric supply have generated interest in developing large-area plants in other areas. The environmental impact of building such large-scale solar farms in the northern United States has not yet been evaluated; we do so in this paper. This work discusses the life-cycle environmental impact from constructing and operating a 37-MWp solar-photovoltaic power-plant on the forested campus of Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. We use the results from our assessments of its life-cycle emissions of greenhouse gases are then compared with those generated by similar plants in other regions to assess the net impacts of photovoltaics' life cycles in areas where trees are removed to accommodate the power plant. C1 [Anctil, Annick; Fthenakis, Vasilis] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Anctil, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 753 EP 756 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801008 ER PT J AU Drury, E Brinkman, G Denholm, P Margolis, R Mowers, M AF Drury, Easan Brinkman, Greg Denholm, Paul Margolis, Robert Mowers, Matthew GP IEEE TI Exploring Large-Scale Solar Deployment in DOE's SunShot Vision Study SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Solar power generation; Wind power generation; Power industry; Power systems AB Large-scale solar deployment is sensitive to several factors including future solar technology price and performance, electricity demand, and the challenges and benefits of integrating solar generation resources. The SunShot Initiative was launched by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2011 aimed at reducing the cost of solar electricity by about 75% from 2010 to 2020, whereby solar energy could compete with conventional electricity sources without subsidies. DOE conducted the SunShot Vision Study to evaluate the potential impacts of achieving these price and performance improvements, and the underlying modeling analysis suggests that solar energy could satisfy roughly 14% of U. S. electricity demand by 2030 and 27% by 2050. This growth of solar electricity could decrease electric sector carbon emissions by 28% and decrease retail electricity rates by 7% in the year 2050, relative to a reference scenario. C1 [Drury, Easan; Brinkman, Greg; Denholm, Paul; Margolis, Robert; Mowers, Matthew] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Drury, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 763 EP 768 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801010 ER PT J AU Emery, K AF Emery, Keith GP IEEE TI Calibration and Rating of Photovoltaics SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE calibration; reference cell; peak watt; rating; Si wafer ID CELLS AB Rating the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical to determining the cost per watt, and efficiency is useful to assess the relative progress among PV concepts. Procedures for determining the efficiency for PV technologies from 1-sun to low concentration to high concentration are discussed. We also discuss the state of the art in primary and secondary calibration of PV reference cells used by calibration laboratories around the world. Finally, we consider challenges to rating PV technologies and areas for improvement. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), NREL, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 769 EP 774 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801011 ER PT J AU Cruz-Campa, JL Zubia, D Zhou, XW Aguirre, BA Ward, D Sanchez, CA Chavez, JJ Anwar, F Marrufo, D Ordonez, R Lu, P Rye, MJ Michael, J McClure, JC Nielson, GN AF Cruz-Campa, Jose L. Zubia, David Zhou, Xiaowang Aguirre, Brandon A. Ward, Donald Sanchez, Carlos A. Chavez, Jose J. Anwar, Farhana Marrufo, Damian Ordonez, Rafael Lu, Ping Rye, Michael J. Michael, Joseph McClure, John C. Nielson, Gregory N. GP IEEE TI Nanopatterning and Bandgap Grading to Reduce Defects in CdTe Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Cadmium compounds; Photovoltaic cells; Semiconductor nanostructures; II-VI semiconductor materials; Computational modeling AB We present simulation and experimental results proving the feasibility of a novel concept to increase efficiency of CdTe based solar cells. In order to achieve $0.50/W price in CdTe based modules, higher efficiencies need to be attained. The high defect density due to lattice-mismatch between CdS and CdTe reduces lifetime, voltage, and efficiency of the cells. We propose the use of a graded composition structure and a patterned substrate to reduce defects, increase lifetime, and efficiency of the cells. Innovative simulations using high-fidelity molecular dynamics predict that defect-free films are possible if the CdTe film is graded with Zn and is constructed as nano-islands with sizes below 90 nm. Both graded structure and nano-islands reduce the lattice-mismatch stresses. Also, the graded composition creates a back surface field and an enhanced ohmic contact. We have attempted to grow ZnTe and CdTe films on CdS substrates using a template of micro and nano-islands. Selective growths on patterned substrates have shown fewer grain boundaries when the island size decreases below 300 nm. Also, larger grain sizes were obtained using a CdTe/ZnTe stack when compared to a single layer CdTe. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate for the first time the ability to use nanopatterned substrates to enhance uniformity in thin film solar cells. C1 [Cruz-Campa, Jose L.; Sanchez, Carlos A.; Lu, Ping; Rye, Michael J.; Michael, Joseph; Nielson, Gregory N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Zubia, David; Aguirre, Brandon A.; Chavez, Jose J.; Anwar, Farhana; Marrufo, Damian; Ordonez, Rafael; McClure, John C.] Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Zhou, Xiaowang; Ward, Donald] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cruz-Campa, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. FU Lockheed Martin Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Institute of Nano Engineering (NINE) FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was sponsored by the National Institute of Nano Engineering (NINE). NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 838 EP 842 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801028 ER PT J AU Kanevce, A Kuciauskas, D Gessert, TA Levi, DH Albin, DS AF Kanevce, Ana Kuciauskas, Darius Gessert, Timothy A. Levi, Dean H. Albin, David S. GP IEEE TI Impact of Interface Recombination on Time Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) Decays in CdTe solar cells (Numerical Simulation Analysis) SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE carrier lifetime; CdTe; interface recombination; numerical simulations AB Using Sentaurus Device Software, we analyze how bulk and interface recombination affect time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) decays in CdTe solar cells. This modeling analysis could improve the interpretation of TRPL data and increase the possibility of rapid defect characterization in thin-film solar cells. By illuminating the samples with photons of two different wavelengths, we try to deduce the spatial origin of the dominant recombination loss. Shorter-wavelength photons will be more affected by the interface recombination and drift compared to the longer ones. Using the two-wavelength TRPL characterization method, it may be possible to determine whether a specific change in deposition process has affected the properties of interface or the bulk of the absorber. C1 [Kanevce, Ana; Kuciauskas, Darius; Gessert, Timothy A.; Levi, Dean H.; Albin, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Kanevce, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 16 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 848 EP 853 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801030 ER PT J AU Cruz-Campa, JL Nielson, GN Lentine, AL Filatov, AA Resnick, PJ Sanchez, CA Rowen, AM Okandan, M Gupta, VP Nelson, JS AF Cruz-Campa, Jose L. Nielson, Gregory N. Lentine, Anthony L. Filatov, Anton A. Resnick, Paul J. Sanchez, Carlos A. Rowen, Adam M. Okandan, Murat Gupta, Vipin P. Nelson, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Fabrication of Lattice Mismatched Multijunction Photovoltaic Cells Using 3D Integration Concepts SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Silicon devices; photovoltaic cells; solar energy; photovoltaic cells; Microstructure; III-V semiconductor materials ID SOLAR-CELL; HIGH-EFFICIENCY AB We present the experimental procedure to create lattice mismatched multijunction photovoltaic (PV) cells using 3D integration concepts. Lattice mismatched multijunction photovoltaic (PV) cells with decoupled electrical outputs could achieve higher efficiencies than current-matched monolithic devices. Growing lattice mismatched materials as a monolithic structure generates defects and decreases performance. We propose using methods from the integrated circuits and microsystems arena to produce the PV cell. The fabricated device consists of an ultrathin (6 mu m) series connected InGaP/GaAs PV cell mechanically stacked on top of an electrically independent silicon cell. The InGaP/GaAs PV cell was processed to produce a small cell (750 mu m) with back-contacts where all of the contacts sit at the same level. The dual junction and the silicon (c-Si) cell are electrically decoupled and the power from both cells is accessible through pads on the c-Si PV cell. Through this approach, we were able to fabricate a functional double junction PV cell mechanically attached to a c-Si PV cell with independent connections. C1 [Cruz-Campa, Jose L.; Nielson, Gregory N.; Lentine, Anthony L.; Filatov, Anton A.; Resnick, Paul J.; Sanchez, Carlos A.; Rowen, Adam M.; Okandan, Murat; Gupta, Vipin P.; Nelson, Jeffrey S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Cruz-Campa, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 932 EP 936 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801049 ER PT J AU Lin, CT McMahon, WE Ward, JS Geisz, JF Wanlass, MW Carapella, JJ Olavarria, W Young, M Steiner, MA Frances, RM Kibbler, AE Duda, A Olson, JM Perl, EE Friedman, DJ Bowers, JE AF Lin, Chieh-Ting McMahon, W. E. Ward, J. S. Geisz, J. F. Wanlass, M. W. Carapella, J. J. Olavarria, W. Young, M. Steiner, M. A. Frances, R. M. Kibbler, A. E. Duda, A. Olson, J. M. Perl, E. E. Friedman, D. J. Bowers, J. E. GP IEEE TI Fabrication of Two-Terminal Metal-Interconnected Multijunction III-V Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE III-V multijunction solar cell; device bonding AB A novel approach has been developed to enable the creation of a fully lattice-matched two-terminal four-junction III-V solar cell is which an upper 1.85 eV GaInP/ 1.42 eV GaAs two-junction (2J) tandem cell is bonded to a lower Eg3 eV GaInAsP/ 0.74 GaInAs eV 2J tandem cell. In this configuration, the upper tandem is grown inverted and lattice-matched to a GaAs substrate, and the lower tandem is grown upright and lattice-matched to an InP substrate. Prove of concept devices have been fabricated using Au-Au bonding with either SiO2 or GaInP2 as a filler material. The bonding process is discussed in this paper as well as the result of an inverted GaAs cell bonded on a conducting GaAs wafer. The most complex device fabricated to date is a GaInP/GaAs 2J tandem cell bonded to a GaInAs cell using a GaInP2 optical coupling layer, with a post-bonding V-oc of 2.7 eV. C1 [Lin, Chieh-Ting; Perl, E. E.; Bowers, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McMahon, W. E.; Ward, J. S.; Geisz, J. F.; Wanlass, M. W.; Carapella, J. J.; Olavarria, W.; Young, M.; Steiner, M. A.; Frances, R. M.; Kibbler, A. E.; Duda, A.; Olson, J. M.; Friedman, D. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lin, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Bowers, John/B-3486-2012 OI Bowers, John/0000-0003-4270-8296 FU Center for Energy Efficient Materials (CEEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001009]; University of California, Santa Barbara Nanofabrication Facility; National Science Fundation and the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network (NNIN); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144085] FX This material is based upon work supported as part of the Center for Energy Efficient Materials (CEEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001009. Part of this work is done in University of California, Santa Barbara Nanofabrication Facility, supported by the National Science Fundation and the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network (NNIN). E.E. Perl is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144085. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 944 EP 948 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801052 ER PT J AU Ai, YM Yuan, HC Page, M Nemeth, W Roybal, L Gedvilas, L Wang, Q AF Ai, Yuming Yuan, Hao-Chih Page, Matthew Nemeth, William Roybal, Lorenzo Gedvilas, Lynn Wang, Qi GP IEEE TI Process Optimization for High Efficiency Heterojunction c-Si Solar Cells Fabrication Using Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE passivation; c-Si; heterojunction a-Si:H; carrier lifetime AB The researchers extensively studied the effects of annealing or thermal history of cell process on the minority carrier lifetimes of FZ n-type c-Si wafers with various i-layer thicknesses from 5 to 60 nm, substrate temperatures from 100 to 350 degrees C, doped layers both p-and n-types, and transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HW-CVD) was used to achieve high lifetime, high open circuit voltage (V-oc), and high efficiency in crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction (HJ) solar cells. The minority carrier lifetime with i-layer passivation in as-grown state was found to peak at 200 degrees C substrate temperature. Annealing c-Si with as-grown layers affects the lifetime significantly. The optimized annealing temperature is from 250-350 degrees C. It was also found that the lifetime of c-Si wafers with a very thin i/p passivation decreases significantly when annealed at temperatures higher than 250 degrees C. However, the lifetime of the i/p passivated c-Si wafers is not affected by the p-layer even when the i-layer is as thin as 10 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to understand the annealing effect. For the c-Si wafers with i/n passivation, the minority carrier lifetime is usually longer than 2 ms and slightly improved by annealing. Minority carrier lifetime greater than 1 ms in a double side HJ structure with i/n and i/p layers can be achieved by controlling thermal history of the cell process. HJ cells were fabricated with an efficiency >18% on n-type wafers without texturing, and an efficiency of 19.2% with texturing. C1 [Ai, Yuming; Yuan, Hao-Chih; Page, Matthew; Nemeth, William; Roybal, Lorenzo; Gedvilas, Lynn; Wang, Qi] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ai, YM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 988 EP 991 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801062 ER PT J AU Lee, BG Skarp, J Malinen, V Li, S Choi, S Branz, HM AF Lee, Benjamin G. Skarp, Jarmo Malinen, Ville Li, Shuo Choi, Sukgeun Branz, Howard M. GP IEEE TI Excellent Passivation and Low Reflectivity Al2O3/TiO2 Bilayer Coatings for n-Wafer Silicon Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE passivation; anti-reflection; n-wafer silicon; minority carrier lifetime; atomic layer deposition AB A bilayer coating of Al2O3 and TiO2 is used to simultaneously achieve excellent passivation and low reflectivity on p-type silicon. This coating is targeted for achieving high efficiency n-wafer Si solar cells, where both passivation and antireflection (AR) are needed at the front-side p-type emitter. It could also be valuable for front-side passivation and AR of rearemitter and interdigitated back contact p-wafer cells. We achieve high minority carrier lifetimes similar to 1 ms, as well as a nearly 2% decrease in absolute reflectivity, as compared to a standard silicon nitride AR coating. C1 [Lee, Benjamin G.; Choi, Sukgeun; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Skarp, Jarmo; Malinen, Ville; Li, Shuo] Beneq Oy, Vantaa 01510, Finland. RP Lee, BG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge H.-C. Yuan and Y. Ai of NREL for help in sample preparation. NREL work is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC36- 08GO28308 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1066 EP 1068 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801081 ER PT J AU Sopori, B Basnyat, P Devayajanam, S Shet, S Mehta, V Binns, J Appel, J AF Sopori, Bhushan Basnyat, Prakash Devayajanam, Srinivas Shet, Sudhakar Mehta, Vishal Binns, Jeff Appel, Jesse GP IEEE TI Understanding Light-Induced Degradation of c-Si Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE crystalline silicon; solar cells; light-induced degradation; minority-carrier lifetime; surface; bulk; annealing ID CRYSTALLINE SILICON AB We discuss results of our investigations toward understanding bulk and surface components of light-induced degradation (LID) in low-Fe c-Si solar cells. The bulk effects, arising from boron-oxygen defects, are determined by comparing degradation of cell parameters and their thermal recovery, with that of the minority-carrier lifetime (tau) in sister wafers. We found that the recovery of t in wafers takes a much longer annealing time compared to that of the cell. We also show that cells having SiN:H coating experience a surface degradation (ascribed to surface recombination). The surface LID is seen as an increase in the q/2kT component of the dark saturation current (J(02)). The surface LID does not recover fully upon annealing and is attributed to degradation of the SiN:H-Si interface. This behavior is also exhibited by mc-Si cells that have very low oxygen content and do not show any bulk degradation. C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Basnyat, Prakash; Devayajanam, Srinivas; Shet, Sudhakar; Mehta, Vishal] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Basnyat, Prakash; Devayajanam, Srinivas; Shet, Sudhakar; Mehta, Vishal] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ USA. [Binns, Jeff] MEMC Elect Mat, Portland, OR USA. [Appel, Jesse] MEMC Elect Mat, St Peter, MN USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; NREL FX his work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with NREL NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1115 EP 1120 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801092 ER PT J AU Wang, WT Wang, L Liu, FD Yan, F Johnston, S Al-Jassim, M AF Wang, Wentao Wang, Lei Liu, Fude Yan, Fei Johnston, Steve Al-Jassim, Mowafak GP IEEE TI Silicon Grain Boundary Passivation for Photovoltaics: A Novel Approach with Small Polar Molecules SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE grain boundaries; passivation; photovoltaic cells; silicon ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN PASSIVATION; SOLAR-CELLS; PHASE; WATER AB Grain boundaries (GBs) play a major role in determining the device performance of in particular polycrystalline thin film solar cells including Si, CdTe and CIGS. Hydrogen passivation has been traditionally applied to passivate the defects at GBs. However, hydrogenated films such as amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon (c-Si:H) are subject to light-induced degradation effects. In this study on multicrystalline (mc)-Si wafers, we found an excellent correlation between the grain misorientation and the corresponding electrical resistivity across grain boundaries. In particular, the charge transport across GBs was greatly enhanced after the wafers were properly treated in our polar molecule solutions. The results were explained to be due to the more effective charge neutralization and passivation of polar molecules on localized charges at GBs. These findings may help us achieve high-quality materials at low cost for high-efficiency solar cells by improving the carrier transport and minimizing the carrier recombination. We also believe that this study will help us with a deeper understanding on GBs and their behaviors for the applications not only in photovoltaics, but also in other solid-state devices such as thin-film transistors. C1 [Wang, Wentao; Wang, Lei; Liu, Fude] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yan, Fei; Johnston, Steve; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Liu, FD (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. FU Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research at HKU [200910159016]; HKU Initiative on Clean Energy Environment [HKU-ICEE] FX The project is supported by the Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research at HKU (Project Code 200910159016) and the HKU Initiative on Clean Energy & Environment (HKU-ICEE) Funding NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1144 EP 1148 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801098 ER PT J AU Perkins, JD Gennett, T Grover, S Young, DL Ginley, DS Teplin, CW AF Perkins, J. D. Gennett, T. Grover, S. Young, D. L. Ginley, D. S. Teplin, C. W. GP IEEE TI Amorphous InZnO Transparent Conductors for c-Si/a-Si Heterojunction PV SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE amorphous TCO; a-InZnO; IZO; photovoltaic cells; film silicon AB Amorphous InZnO (a-IZO) thin film transparent conductors have opto-electronic properties comparable to those of indium-tin-oxide (ITO). To test the performance of a-IZO in actual devices, we fabricate epitaxial film c-Si/a-Si heterojunction solar cells on heavily doped, electronically dead silicon wafers using both a-IZO and reactive evaporated ITO as the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The best a-IZO and ITO reference solar cells have similar efficiencies, 6.2% for the a-IZO device and 6.0% with ITO. C1 [Perkins, J. D.; Gennett, T.; Grover, S.; Young, D. L.; Ginley, D. S.; Teplin, C. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1229 EP 1231 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801118 ER PT J AU Kharangarh, P Misra, D Georgiou, GE Delahoy, AE Cheng, Z Liu, G Opyrchal, H Gessert, T Chin, KK AF Kharangarh, P. Misra, D. Georgiou, G. E. Delahoy, A. E. Cheng, Z. Liu, G. Opyrchal, H. Gessert, T. Chin, K. K. GP IEEE TI INVESTIGATION OF DEFECTS IN N+-CDS/P-CDTE SOLAR CELLS SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE CdTe solar cell; Temperature-dependent current density voltage (J-V-T) measurements; reliability; degradation; Shockley-Read-Hall recombination/generation (SRH R-G) ID DIFFUSION; CU AB Two sets of samples (CdTe solar cells) were investigated at -1V within a temperature range of 300K-393K. We discuss Shockley-Read-Hall recombination /generation (SRH R-G) as applied to CdTe and the assumptions used to yield trap energy levels in CdTe. Observed activation energies of the J-V characterization made with Cu-containing back contact in one sample shows one slope while in another sample shows two distinct slopes in Arrhenius plot of In (J(0)T(-2)) vs. 1000/T. Using published identification of the physical trap with energy level, we conclude that one sample does not have hole traps while the other cell shows deep levels corresponding to substitutional impurities of Cu and positive interstitial Cu-i(2+) . C1 [Kharangarh, P.; Georgiou, G. E.; Delahoy, A. E.; Cheng, Z.; Liu, G.; Opyrchal, H.; Chin, K. K.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Misra, D.] Univ Hts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Gessert, T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kharangarh, P (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. FU Apollo Solar Energy, based in Chengdu, People's Republic of China FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Apollo Solar Energy, based in Chengdu, People's Republic of China. The authors finally thank to Srinivas and Bhajan Lal for useful discussions. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1286 EP 1290 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801131 ER PT J AU Moriarty, T Jablonski, J Emery, K AF Moriarty, Tom Jablonski, Joe Emery, Keith GP IEEE TI Algorithm for Building a Spectrum for NREL's One-Sun Multi-Source Simulator SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE calibration; multijunction; solar simulation; multisource simulator; spectral mismatch AB Historically, the tools used at NREL to compensate for the difference between a reference spectrum and a simulator spectrum have been well-matched reference cells and the application of a calculated spectral mismatch correction factor, M. This paper describes the algorithm for adjusting the spectrum of a 9-channel fiber-optic-based solar simulator with a uniform beam size of 9 cm square at 1-sun. The combination of this algorithm and the One-Sun Multi-Source Simulator (OSMSS) hardware reduces NREL's current vs. voltage measurement time for a typical three-junction device from man-days to man-minutes. These time savings may be significantly greater for devices with more junctions. C1 [Moriarty, Tom; Emery, Keith] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Jablonski, Joe] Labsphere, North Sutton, NH 03260 USA. RP Moriarty, T (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The use of the 6 junction cell provided by Solar Junction is acknowledged. The 3 junction inverted metamorphic cell was fabricated at NREL by the IIIV team. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1291 EP 1295 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801132 ER PT J AU Toberer, ES Tamboli, AC Steiner, M Kurtz, S AF Toberer, Eric S. Tamboli, Adele C. Steiner, Myles Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Analysis of solar cell quality using voltage metrics SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE detailed balance; performance; photovoltaic cells; recombination; voltage metric ID EFFICIENCY AB The highest efficiency solar cells provide both excellent voltage and current. Of these, the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) is more frequently viewed as an indicator of the material quality. However, since the V-oc also depends on the band gap of the material, the difference between the band gap and the V-oc is a better metric for comparing material quality of unlike materials. To take this one step further, since V-oc also depends on the shape of the absorption edge, we propose to use the ultimate metric: the difference between the measured V-oc and the V-oc calculated from the external quantum efficiency using a detailed balance approach. This metric is less sensitive to changes in cell design and definition of band gap. The paper defines how to implement this metric and demonstrates how it can be useful in tracking improvements in V-oc, especially as V-oc approaches its theoretical maximum. C1 [Toberer, Eric S.; Tamboli, Adele C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Steiner, Myles; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Toberer, ES (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1327 EP 1331 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801139 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, S Hoffmann, F Mills-Price, M Ralph, M Ellis, A AF Gonzalez, Sigifredo Hoffmann, Frank Mills-Price, Michael Ralph, Mark Ellis, Abraham GP IEEE TI Implementation of Advanced Inverter Interoperability and Functionality SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy AB The high penetration of utility-interconnected Photovoltaic (PV) systems requires nontraditional and seemingly noncompliant modes of operation as a method to accommodate the high level of distributed generation at the distribution level. The normal operation of utility-interconnected PV systems is governed by IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems and provides relevant requirements for performance, modes of operation, safety, and maintenance considerations. A recommended practice that provides flexibility of the existing interconnection standard by expanding the implementation requirements for utility interconnection is currently being addressed in IEEE 1547.8. The proposed recommended practice establishes methods and procedures for the expanded use of the governing utility-interconnected standard and is intended to address the increasing implementation of a varying resource. This recommended practice is designed for the implementation of advanced smart-grid functionality and allows the continued operation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) during abnormal voltage and frequency conditions. The distributed resource smart-grid functionality is described in IEC61850-7-420, Advanced Functions for DER Inverters Modeled in IEC 61850-90-7. This report describes the implementation of advanced functionality and successful criteria to assess proper operations of the "smart inverter" under communication driven control. C1 [Gonzalez, Sigifredo; Ralph, Mark; Ellis, Abraham] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hoffmann, Frank] Princeton Power Syst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mills-Price, Michael] Adv Energy Ind, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Gonzalez, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04 94AL85000]; US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA); EPRI FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04 94AL85000. This work was funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program and performed as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with EPRI. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1362 EP 1367 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801147 ER PT J AU Johnson, J Kang, J AF Johnson, Jay Kang, Jack GP IEEE TI Arc-Fault Detector Algorithm Evaluation Method Utilizing Prerecorded Arcing Signatures SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic systems; arc-fault detection; series arc-faults; monitoring; power system safety AB The 2011 National Electrical Code (R) Article 690.1 requires photovoltaic systems on or penetrating a building to Include a DC arc-fault protection device. In order to satisfy this requirement, new Arc-Fault Detectors (AFDs) are being developed by multiple manufacturers including Sensata Technologies. Arc-fault detection algorithms often utilize the AC noise on the PV string to determine when arcing conditions exist in the DC system. In order to accelerate the development and testing of Sensata Technologies' arc-fault detection algorithm, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) provided a number of data sets. These prerecorded 10 MHz baseline and arc-fault data sets included different inverter and arc-fault noise signatures. Sensata Technologies created a data evaluation method focused on regeneration of the prerecorded arcing and baseline test data with an arbitrary function generator, thereby reducing AFD development time. C1 [Johnson, Jay] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kang, Jack] Sensata Technol, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04 94AL85000]; US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04 94AL85000. Part of this work was funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1378 EP 1382 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801150 ER PT J AU Johnson, J Oberhauser, C Montoya, M Fresquez, A Gonzalez, S Patel, A AF Johnson, Jay Oberhauser, Chris Montoya, Michael Fresquez, Armando Gonzalez, Sigifredo Patel, Ash GP IEEE TI Crosstalk Nuisance Trip Testing of Photo voltaic DC Arc-Fault Detectors SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic systems; arc-fault detection; series arc-faults; monitoring; power system safety; RF coupling AB To improve fire safety in PV systems, Article 690.11 of the 2011 National Electrical Code (NEC) requires photovoltaic (PV) systems above 80 V on or penetrating a building to include a listed arc-fault protection device. Many arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) devices are currently being listed and entering the market. Depending on the manufacturer, AFCIs are being deployed at the module-level, string-level, or array-level. Each arc-fault protection scheme has a different cost and arc-fault isolation capability. Module-level and string-level AFCI devices tout the ability to isolate the fault, identify the failed PV component, and minimize the power loss by selectively de-energizing a portion of the array. However, these benefits are negated if the arcing noise-typically used for arc-fault detection-propagates to parallel, unfaulted strings and cause additional AFCI devices on the PV array to trip. If the arcing signature "crosstalks" from the string with the arc-fault via conduction or RF electromagnetic coupling, the location of the arc-fault cannot be easily determined and safe PV generators will be disconnected. Sandia National Laboratories collaborated with Texas Instruments to perform a series of nuisance trip scenarios with different PV configurations. Experimental results on a 2-string array showed arc detection on the faulted string occurred an average of 19.5 ms before unfaulted string-but in some cases the AFCI on both strings would trip. C1 [Johnson, Jay; Montoya, Michael; Fresquez, Armando; Gonzalez, Sigifredo] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Oberhauser, Chris; Patel, Ash] Texas Instruments Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1383 EP 1387 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801151 ER PT J AU MacAlpine, S Deline, C Erickson, R Brandemuehl, M AF MacAlpine, Sara Deline, Chris Erickson, Robert Brandemuehl, Michael GP IEEE TI Module Mismatch Loss and Recoverable Power in Unshaded PV Installations SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE modeling; photovoltaic systems; power conversion; solar energy AB Distributed electronics which optimize power in PV systems have the potential to improve energy production even under unshaded conditions. This work investigates the extent to which mismatch in the unshaded electrical characteristics of PV panels causes system-level power losses, which can be recovered in arrays employing power optimizers. Of particular interest is how this potential for power recovery is affected by factors such as available light, cell temperature, panel technology, and field degradation. A system for simultaneous collection of panel-level I-V curves over an entire array is designed. This system is used to acquire high and low light module performance data for a variety of arrays at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) test facility. The measured data show moderately low variation in module maximum power and maximum power producing current in all of the arrays. As a group, the tested arrays do not show any strong correlations between this variation and array age, technology type, or operating conditions. The measured data are used to create individual panel performance models for high and low light conditions. These models are then incorporated in annual hourly energy simulations for each array. Annual mismatch loss (and thus potential for increased energy capture using power optimizers) is found to be minimal, <1% for all of the sampled arrays. Due to the nature of the tested arrays, these results may or may not be indicative of typical PV array behavior; further investigation is planned over a larger group of PV installations to determine the general applicability of this study's results. C1 [MacAlpine, Sara; Erickson, Robert; Brandemuehl, Michael] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deline, Chris] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP MacAlpine, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Deline, Christopher/K-5998-2013 OI Deline, Christopher/0000-0002-9867-8930 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1388 EP 1392 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801152 ER PT J AU Johnston, S AF Johnston, Steve GP IEEE TI Output Performance and Payback Analysis of a Residential Photovoltaic System in Colorado SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic cells; silicon AB Cost of installation and ownership of a 9.66-kilowatt ( kW) residential photovoltaic system is described, and the performance of this system over the past 3 years is shown. The system is located in Colorado at 40 latitude and consists of arrays on two structures. Two arrays are installed on a detached garage, and these are each composed of 18 Kyocera 130-W modules strung in series facing south at an angle of 40 degrees above horizontal. Each 18-panel array feeds into a Xantrex/Schneider Electric 2.8-kW inverter. The other two arrays are installed on the house and face south at an angle of 30 degrees. One of these arrays has twelve 205-W Kyocera panels in series, and the other is made up of twelve 210-Kyocera panels. Each of these arrays feeds into Xantrex/Schneider Electric 3.3-kW inverters. Although there are various shading issues from trees and utility poles and lines, the overall output resembles that which is expected from PVWatts, a solar estimate program. The array cost, which was offset by rebates from the utility company and federal tax credits, was $1.17 per watt. Considering measured system performance, the estimated payback time of the system is 9 years. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1452 EP 1455 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801164 ER PT J AU Jiang, CS Contreras, MA Repins, I Moutinho, HR Noufi, R Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, C. -S. Contreras, M. A. Repins, I. Moutinho, H. R. Noufi, R. Al-Jassim, M. M. GP IEEE TI Determination of Grain Boundary Charging in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin Films SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE CIGS; grain boundary; surface potential scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy; scanning capacitance microscopy ID PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY; SOLAR-CELLS; POLYCRYSTALLINE; NA AB Surface potential mapping of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin films using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) aims to understand the minority-carrier recombination at the grain boundaries (GBs) of this polycrystalline material by examining GB charging, which has resulted in a number of publications. However, the reported results are highly inconsistent. In this paper, we report on the potential mapping by measuring wide-bandgap or high-Ga-content films and by using a complementary atomic force microscopy-based electrical technique of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The results demonstrate consistent, positively charged GBs on our high-quality films with minimal surface defects/charges. The potential image taken on a low-quality film with a 1.2-eV bandgap shows significantly degraded potential contrast on the GBs and degraded potential uniformity on grain surfaces, resulting from the surface defects/charges of the low-quality film. In contrast, the potential image on an improved high-quality film with the same wide bandgap shows significantly improved GB potential contrast and surface potential uniformity, indicating that the effect of surface defects is critical when examining GB charging using surface potential data. In addition, we discuss the effect of the SKPFM setup on the validity of potential measurement, to exclude possible artifacts due to improper SKPFM setups. The SKPFM results were corroborated by using SCM measurements on the films with a CdS buffer layer. The SCM image shows clear GB contrast, indicating different electrical impedance on the GB from the grain surface. Further, we found that the GB contrast disappeared when the CdS window layer was deposited after the CIGS film was exposed extensively to ambient, which was caused by the creation of CIGS surface defects by the ambient exposure. C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Contreras, M. A.; Repins, I.; Moutinho, H. R.; Noufi, R.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1486 EP 1491 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801171 ER PT J AU Gorman, BP Guthrey, HL Al-Jassim, MM AF Gorman, Brian P. Guthrey, Harvey L. Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. GP IEEE TI Quantification of Atomic Scale Defects in Poly Si PV Devices Using Atom Probe Tomography SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic cells; silicon; atom probe tomography; electron beam induced current AB Characterization of defect locations and their effects on transport in polycrystalline Si photovoltaics is readily accomplished using optical and electrical characterization. Information on the elemental nature of these defects is more difficult due to both the low concentrations and highly localized positions. This work demonstrates the ability to locate and elementally analyze electronic defects in these devices using correlative electron microscopy and spectroscopy within a focused ion beam specimen preparation tool followed by 3-D atom probe tomography. C1 [Gorman, Brian P.; Guthrey, Harvey L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Guthrey, Harvey L.; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gorman, BP (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU National Science Foundation [1040456] FX Support for the APT instrumentation from the National Science Foundation under grant #1040456 is gratefully acknowledged NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1498 EP 1500 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801174 ER PT J AU Ellis, A Schoenwald, D Hawkins, J Willard, S Arellano, B AF Ellis, Abraham Schoenwald, David Hawkins, Jon Willard, Steve Arellano, Brian GP IEEE TI PV Output Smoothing with Energy Storage SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE energy storage systems; renewables power output smoothing; photovoltaics; power output variability AB This paper describes a simple algorithm designed to reduce the variability of photovoltaic (PV) power output by using an energy storage device. A full-scale implementation was deployed in an actual PV-Energy demonstration project, in partnership with a utility and a battery manufacturer. The paper describes simulation tests as well as field results. In addition to demonstrating implementation of smoothing controls, this work also served to verify the models, identify best parameter sets for utility operations, and study the operation of an advanced energy storage system under partial state of charge and rapid, irregular charge/discharge cycling. C1 [Ellis, Abraham; Schoenwald, David] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hawkins, Jon; Willard, Steve; Arellano, Brian] Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Ellis, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU DOE Smart Grid Demonstration [DE-FOA-0000036]; US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The demonstration project is being conducted with support from DOE Smart Grid Demonstration Grant in Energy Storage (DE-FOA-0000036), a collaborative effort that involves PNM, EPRI, East Penn Manufacturing Co., Northern New Mexico College, Sandia National Laboratories and the University of New Mexico. The Sandia portion of this work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1523 EP 1528 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801179 ER PT J AU Riley, D Johnson, J AF Riley, Daniel Johnson, Jay GP IEEE TI Photovoltaic Prognostics and Heath Management using Learning Algorithms SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy ID SYSTEM AB A novel model-based prognostics and health management (PHM) system has been designed to monitor the health of a photovoltaic (PV) system, measure degradation, and indicate maintenance schedules. Current state-of-the-art PV monitoring systems require module and array topology details or extensive modeling of the PV system. We present a method using an artificial neural network (ANN) which eliminates the need for a priori information by teaching the algorithm "good" performance behavior based on the initial performance of the array. The PHM algorithm was tested on two PV systems under test at the Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The PHM algorithm was trained using two months of AC power production. The model then predicted the output power of the system using irradiance, wind, and temperature data. Based on the deviation in measured AC power from the AC power predicted by the trained ANN model, system outages and other faults causing a reduction in power were detected. Had these been commercial installations, rather than research installations, an alert for maintenance could have been initiated. Further use of the PHM system may be able to indicate degradation, detect module or inverter failures, or detect excessive soiling. C1 [Riley, Daniel; Johnson, Jay] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riley, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1535 EP 1539 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801181 ER PT J AU Yablonovitch, E Miller, OD Kurtz, SR AF Yablonovitch, Eli Miller, Owen D. Kurtz, S. R. GP IEEE TI The Opto-Electronic Physics that Broke the Efficiency Limit in Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaics; high efficiency; Shockley-Queisser; external luminescence; open-circuit voltage AB The internal physics of a solar cell changes as it approaches the fundamental Shockley-Queisser limit. Photonic considerations overtake electronic ones, as an intense internal and external luminescence requires careful photon management. Counter-intuitively, maximizing light extraction increases voltage and therefore efficiency. Until 2010 the one-sun, single-junction efficiency record was set by a GaAs solar cell with an efficiency of 26.4% and an open-circuit voltage V-OC = 1.03 V. Alta Devices recently improved the record with a GaAs cell that achieved 28.8% efficiency and V-OC=1.12V, demonstrating the importance of photon management. Even with the best materials, the highest efficiencies cannot be achieved unless the solar cell is also designed to also be a good light emitting diode (LED). The physics of light extraction will be necessary in the next generation of high-efficiency solar cells. C1 [Yablonovitch, Eli; Miller, Owen D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yablonovitch, Eli; Miller, Owen D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kurtz, S. R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yablonovitch, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Miller, Owen/A-6354-2014 OI Miller, Owen/0000-0003-2745-2392 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 25 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1556 EP 1559 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801185 ER PT J AU Tian, ZB Hinkey, RT Yang, RQ Klem, JF Johnson, MB AF Tian, Zhaobing Hinkey, Robert T. Yang, Rui Q. Klem, John F. Johnson, Matthew B. GP IEEE TI Mid-IR Photovoltaic Devices Based on Interband Cascade Structures SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE thermophotovoltaics; GaSb; III-V semiconductors; carrier lifetime ID SOLAR-CELL; EFFICIENCY; CONVERSION; SYSTEMS; LIMIT AB Progress in the design and implementation of interband cascade (IC) structures for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications is reported. These devices were designed with enhanced electron barriers and p-type InAs/GaSb superlattice absorbers. These features have been shown to be successful in suppressing dark current in photodetectors. Our seven stage devices had cutoff wavelengths of 4.0 mu m at 80 K and 5.0 mu m at 300 K. Good photoresponse and dark current suppression was observed at low temperatures. Under illumination of a 1200 K blackbody, a short-circuit current of 5.46 A/cm(2) and open-circuit voltage of 1.61 V were observed for a device temperature of 80 K. Above 80 K, we were able to observe high values of the open circuit voltage up to 180 K. C1 [Tian, Zhaobing; Hinkey, Robert T.; Yang, Rui Q.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Klem, John F.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Klem, John F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Tian, ZB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. FU DoE EPSCoR program [DE-SC0004523]; C-SPIN; Okahoma/Arkansas MRSEC [DMR-0520550]; Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation; wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported in part by DoE EPSCoR program (Award No. DE-SC0004523), and by C-SPIN, the Okahoma/Arkansas MRSEC (DMR-0520550), Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1560 EP 1565 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801186 ER PT J AU Ganapati, V Miller, OD Yablonovitch, E AF Ganapati, Vidya Miller, Owen D. Yablonovitch, Eli GP IEEE TI Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Optimization of Subwavelength Solar Cell Textures for Light Trapping SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE light trapping; photovoltaics; solar cells; subwavelength; surface texture; absorptivity ID LIMIT; DESIGN AB Light trapping in solar cells allows for increased efficiency and reduced materials cost. It is well known that a 4n(2) factor of enhancement in absorption can be achieved by randomly texturing the surface of the solar cell, where n is the refractive index of the material. However, this limit only holds when the thickness of the solar cell is much greater than the wavelength of light. In the subwavelength regime, the fundamental question remains unanswered: what surface texture realizes the optimal absorption enhancement? We turn to computational inverse electromagnetic design in order to find this optimal nanoscale texture for light trapping, and observe spontaneous symmetry breaking in the final design. We achieve a factor of 40 in enhancement at normal incidence and above 20 for angle-averaged incidence (averaged over an energy bandwidth of 1/8) for n = 3.5. C1 [Ganapati, Vidya; Miller, Owen D.; Yablonovitch, Eli] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ganapati, Vidya; Miller, Owen D.; Yablonovitch, Eli] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ganapati, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Miller, Owen/A-6354-2014 OI Miller, Owen/0000-0003-2745-2392 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 'Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion' Energy Frontier Research Center [DE-SC0001293]; DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program; ORISE-ORAU [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion Energy Frontier Research Center under grant DE-SC0001293 and the DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program, made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23100. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Co mputing Center, which is supported by the DOE Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1572 EP 1576 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801188 ER PT J AU Li, J Glynn, S Christensen, S Mann, J To, B Ramanathan, K Noufi, R Furtak, TE Levi, D AF Li, Jian Glynn, Stephen Christensen, Steven Mann, Jonathan To, Bobby Ramanathan, Kannan Noufi, Rommel Furtak, Thomas E. Levi, Dean GP IEEE TI Optical Properties of Zn(O,S) Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering, Atomic Layer Deposition, and Chemical Bath Deposition SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE dielectric constant; ellipsometry; nanocrystals; photovoltaic cells; thin films; wide band gap semiconductors; Zinc compounds AB Zn(O,S) thin films 27 - 100 nm thick were deposited on glass or Cu(InxGa1-x)Se-2/Molybdenum/glass with RF sputtering, atomic layer deposition, and chemical bath deposition. The complex dielectric functions E of these films were extracted by spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission analyses. It is found that E varies on a large scale, indicative of significant variations in the films' chemical and physical properties, with the growth methods and deposition parameters. By fitting the E spectra based on the parabolic band approximation, the Eo critical point energies and broadening parameters were quantified to provide insights on the band gap, defect density, and phase segregation. C1 [Li, Jian; Glynn, Stephen; Christensen, Steven; Mann, Jonathan; To, Bobby; Ramanathan, Kannan; Noufi, Rommel; Levi, Dean] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Li, Jian; Furtak, Thomas E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; DE-AC36-08-G028308 with NREL; Colorado School of Mines [UGA-0-41025-17] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with NREL and by the Colorado School of Mines under Subcontract No. UGA-0-41025-17 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1580 EP 1583 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801190 ER PT J AU Lee, BG Lin, YT Sher, MJ Mazur, E Branz, HM AF Lee, Benjamin G. Lin, Yu-Ting Sher, Meng-Ju Mazur, Eric Branz, Howard M. GP IEEE TI Light Trapping for Thin Silicon Solar Cells by Femtosecond Laser Texturing SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE light trapping; laser texturing; epitaxial silicon; femtosecond laser; Lambertian ID PHOTOVOLTAICS AB Femtosecond laser texturing is used to create nano-to micron-scale surface roughness that strongly enhances light-trapping in thin crystalline silicon solar cells. Light trapping is crucial for thin solar cells where a single light-pass through the absorber is insufficient to capture the weakly absorbed red and near-infrared photons, especially with an indirect-gap semiconductor absorber layer such as crystalline Si which is less than 20 mu m thick [1-2]. We achieve enhancement of the optical absorption from light-trapping that approaches the Yablonovitch limit [3]. C1 [Lee, Benjamin G.; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lin, Yu-Ting; Mazur, Eric] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sher, Meng-Ju; Mazur, Eric] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lee, BG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; NSF [DMR- 0934480] FX The authors acknowledge K. Bowers, J. Pineau, and T. Fanning of Ampulse Corp. and R. Bauer and L. Roybal of NREL for help in device fabrication. NREL work is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC36-08GO28308. Harvard work is supported by NSF under Contract DMR- 0934480 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1606 EP 1608 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801196 ER PT J AU Bertoni, MI Sarau, G Fenning, DP Rinio, M Rose, V Maser, J Buonassisi, T AF Bertoni, M. I. Sarau, G. Fenning, D. P. Rinio, M. Rose, V. Maser, J. Buonassisi, T. GP IEEE TI Nano-XRF and micro-Raman Studies of Metal Impurity Decoration around Dislocations in Multicrystalline Silicon SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE dislocations; silicon solar cells; X-ray fluorescence; micro-Raman ID SOLAR-CELLS; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFECTS AB We push the resolution limits of synchrotron-based nano-X-ray fluorescence mapping below 100 nm to investigate the fundamental differences between benign and deleterious dislocations in multicystalline silicon solar cells. We observe that after processing recombination-active dislocations contain a high degree of nanoscale iron and copper decoration, while recombination-inactive dislocations appear clean. To study the origins of the distinct metal decorations around different dislocations we analyze as-grown samples as well as specimens at different stages of processing. We complement our X-ray studies with micro-Raman mapping to understand the relationship between metallic decoration and stress fields around dislocations. C1 [Bertoni, M. I.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bertoni, M. I.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sarau, G.] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Rinio, M.] Fraunho fer ISE, Lab & Serv, D-45884 Gelsenkirchen, Germany. [Rinio, M.] Karlstad Univ, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden. [Rose, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bertoni, MI (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012; Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008 OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0005314]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-EE0005314. D. P. Fenning acknowledges the support of a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Beamline operational funding is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DEAC02-06CH11357 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1613 EP 1616 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801198 ER PT J AU Guthrey, H Gorman, B Coletti, G Al-Jassim, M AF Guthrey, Harvey Gorman, Brian Coletti, Gianluca Al-Jassim, Mowafak GP IEEE TI A Model for Electron-Beam-Induced Current Analysis of mc-Si Addressing Defect Contrast Behavior in Heavily Contaminated PV Material SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE mc-Si; silicon defects; electron beam induced current; EBIC contrast; iron contamination ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; EBIC CONTRAST; SILICON; DISLOCATIONS; IMPURITIES AB Much work has been done to correlate electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) contrast behavior of extended defects with the character and degree of impurity decoration. However, existing models fail to account for recently observed contrast behavior of defects in heavily contaminated mc-Si PV cells. We have observed large increases in defect contrast with decreasing temperature for all electrically active defects, regardless of their initial contrast signatures at ambient temperature. This negates the usefulness of the existing models in identifying defect character and levels of impurity decoration based on the temperature dependence of the contrast behavior. By considering the interactions of transition metal impurities with the silicon lattice and extended defects, we attempt to provide an explanation for these observations. Our findings will enhance the ability of the PV community to understand and mitigate the effects of these types of defects as the adoption of increasingly lower purity feedstocks for mc-Si PV production continues. C1 [Guthrey, Harvey; Gorman, Brian] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Guthrey, Harvey; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Coletti, Gianluca] ECN Solar Energy, Petten, Netherlands. RP Guthrey, H (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX Thanks to Manuel Romero, whose stimulating discussions on EBIC contrast made this work possible. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1617 EP 1619 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801199 ER PT J AU Gfroerer, TH Zhang, Y Wanlass, MW AF Gfroerer, T. H. Zhang, Yong Wanlass, M. W. GP IEEE TI A Comparison of Photoluminescence Imaging and Confocal Photoluminescence Microscopy in the Study of Diffusion near Isolated Extended Defects in GaAs SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE charge carrier density; diffusion processes; photoluminescence; semiconductor epitaxial layers AB Extended defects like dislocations augment recombination and reduce the local density of photogenerated carriers. We use photoluminescence imaging and confocal photoluminescence microscopy to study the diffusion of free carriers toward these defect-related depletion regions in GaAs. Both techniques reveal important changes in the size of the darkened region as the photoexcitation is reduced. Under lower illumination, the affected region generally expands, reflecting the impact of longer carrier lifetimes. But the physics of the confocal measurement, with highly localized excitation and detection, is very different from the physics involved in far-field imaging of photoluminescence under spatially uniform illumination. In particular, the radiative efficiency falls precipitously as the confocal excitation is reduced below a threshold of approximately 1 KW/cm(2), and we observe a simultaneous transformation in the confocal contrast profile. We attribute this dramatic change to trapping by bulk point defects, which are saturated when the effective photogenerated carrier density is sufficiently high. C1 [Gfroerer, T. H.] Davidson Coll, Davidson, NC 28036 USA. [Gfroerer, T. H.; Zhang, Yong] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Wanlass, M. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gfroerer, TH (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Davidson, NC 28036 USA. FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund FX The authors would like to thank J. J. Carapella for performing the MOVPE growth. Acknowledgment is also made to the Charlotte Research Institute, DARPA/MTO, and the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support of this research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1624 EP 1626 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801201 ER PT J AU Deline, C Meydbray, J Donovan, M Forrest, J AF Deline, Chris Meydbray, Jenya Donovan, Matt Forrest, Jason GP IEEE TI Partial Shade Evaluation of Distributed Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Systems SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic systems; DC-DC power converters; microinverters; mismatch; partial shading AB Site survey data for several residential installations are provided, showing the extent and frequency of shade throughout the year. This background information is used to design a representative shading test that is conducted on two side-by-side 8-kW photovoltaic (PV) installations. One system is equipped with a standard string inverter, while the other is equipped with microinverters on each solar panel. Partial shade is applied to both systems in a comprehensive range of shading conditions, simulating one of three shade extents. Under light shading conditions, the microinverter system produced the equivalent of 4% annual performance improvement, relative to the string inverter system. Under moderate shading conditions, the microinverter system outperformed the string inverter system by 8%, and under heavy shading the microinverter increased relative performance by 12%. In all three cases, the percentage of performance loss that is recovered by the use of distributed power electronics is 40%-50%. Additionally, it was found that certain shading conditions can lead to additional losses in string inverters due to peak-power tracking errors and voltage limitations. C1 [Deline, Chris] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Meydbray, Jenya; Donovan, Matt; Forrest, Jason] PV Evolut Labs, Davis, CA USA. RP Deline, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RI Deline, Christopher/K-5998-2013 OI Deline, Christopher/0000-0002-9867-8930 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DOEAC36-08G028308] FX Test data for this experiment were collected under a test service agreement between PV Evolution Laboratory and Enphase Energy Inc. The testing method was developed and data analysis was independently conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Contract No. DOEAC36-08G028308 with the Department of Energy. A number of individuals also contributed important reviews and contributions to this work, including Jeff Newmiller, David Briggs, Sara MacAlpine, and Solar Works, Inc. Testing was conducted at PV Evolution Labs by Rajeev Singh, Filiberto Alex Pineda, and Dang H. Dang. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1627 EP 1632 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801202 ER PT J AU Hersh, PA van Hest, M Bollinger, V Berry, JJ Ginley, DS Stanbery, BJ Stanbery, BJ AF Hersh, Peter A. van Hest, Maikel Bollinger, Vincent Berry, Joseph J. Ginley, David S. Stanbery, Billy J. Stanbery, Billy J. GP IEEE TI Using amorphous Zinc-Tin Oxide alloys in the emitter structure of CIGS PV devices SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE amorphous materials; copper compounds; photovoltaic cells; sputtering; tin compounds; zinc compounds ID THIN-FILMS; STANNATE AB The typical CIGS device structure employs a molybdenum back contact and a CdS/ZnO/ZnO:Al emitter structure. In this work the undoped ZnO is replaced with amorphous zinc-tin oxide alloys (ZTO). Varying composition and deposition method of the ZTO can provide a wide range of band gap (3.3-3.9eV) and work function (4.3-5.2eV), while remaining amorphous. The flexibility of the ZTO provides the opportunity to tune the bands to optimize band-edge and Fermi level alignment. Devices demonstrated to date with ZTO alloy composition have yielded a maximum efficiency of 11.9% with an average of 11.3%, which is very similar to comparable devices with undoped ZnO that have a maximum efficiency of 12.0% with an average of 11.3%. On going optimization may further improve the results. C1 [Hersh, Peter A.; Stanbery, Billy J.] HelioVolt Corp, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [van Hest, Maikel; Bollinger, Vincent; Berry, Joseph J.; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Hersh, PA (reprint author), HelioVolt Corp, Austin, TX 78744 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1673 EP 1676 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801211 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Mann, J Glynn, S Christensen, S Pankow, J Li, J Scharf, J Mansfield, L Contreras, M Noufi, R AF Ramanathan, Kannan Mann, Jonathan Glynn, Stephen Christensen, Steve Pankow, Joel Li, Jian Scharf, John Mansfield, Lorelle Contreras, Miguel Noufi, Rommel GP IEEE TI A Comparative Study of Zn(O,S) Buffer Layers and CIGS Solar Cells Fabricated by CBD, ALD, and Sputtering SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Buffer layers; copper indium gallium diselenide; thin film solar cells; wide bad gap emitters; zinc oxysulfide ID BAND ALIGNMENT; THIN-FILMS AB Zn(O,S) thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD), atomic layer deposition, and sputtering. Composition of the films and band gap were measured and found to follow the trends described in the literature. CBD Zn(O,S) parameters were optimized and resulted in an 18.5% efficiency cell that did not require post annealing, light soaking, or an undoped ZnO layer. Promising results were obtained with sputtering. A 13% efficiency cell was obtained for a Zn(O,S) emitter layer deposited with 0.5%O-2. With further optimization of process parameters and an analysis of the loss mechanisms, it should be possible to increase the efficiency. C1 [Ramanathan, Kannan; Mann, Jonathan; Glynn, Stephen; Christensen, Steve; Pankow, Joel; Li, Jian; Scharf, John; Mansfield, Lorelle; Contreras, Miguel; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 34 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1677 EP 1680 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801212 ER PT J AU Wilks, RG Caballero, R Song, X Felix, R Benkert, A Gerlach, D Weinhardt, L Blum, M Yang, W Kaufmann, CA Heske, C Schock, HW Bar, M AF Wilks, R. G. Caballero, R. Song, X. Felix, R. Benkert, A. Gerlach, D. Weinhardt, L. Blum, M. Yang, W. Kaufmann, C. A. Heske, C. Schock, H. -W. Baer, M. GP IEEE TI X-ray Spectroscopic Analysis of the Growth of CBD-CdS Buffers on flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells; CdS buffer; x-ray spectroscopy; interfaces ID NA; HETEROJUNCTION; CUINSE2; SODIUM AB The chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 ("CIGSe") absorbers on flexible polyimide substrates is examined using a combination of soft x-ray emission (XES) and photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. For this purpose, absorbers with with varying degrees of Cu-deficiency and NaF precursor thickness were studied. From the data, a detailed picture of the chemical surface composition (in particular the carbon and oxygen contamination) of the CBD-CdS layers can be drawn. The thickness and deposition rates were determined by monitoring the CdS-induced attenuation of the In 3d(5/2) XPS and In M-4,M-5 XES signals of the absorber, finding no significant impact of Na and/or Cu content of the CIGSe. C1 [Wilks, R. G.; Caballero, R.; Song, X.; Felix, R.; Benkert, A.; Gerlach, D.; Kaufmann, C. A.; Schock, H. -W.; Baer, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Solar Energy Res, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Caballero, R.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Benkert, A.] Univ Wurzburg, Expt Phys 7, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Weinhardt, L.; Blum, M.; Heske, C.; Baer, M.] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Weinhardt, L.; Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Synchrotron Radiat, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Blum, M.; Yang, W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Chem Technol & Polymer Chem, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Baer, M.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Inst Chem & Phys, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany. RP Wilks, RG (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Solar Energy Res, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RI Caballero, Raquel/L-1152-2015; Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063 FU Helmholtz-Association; German Academic Exchange Agency (DAAD) [331 4 04 002]; Spanish MINECO [RyC-2011-0521]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231] FX X.S., R.F., D.G., R.G.W., and M.B. are grateful to the Helmholtz-Association for financial support (VH-NG-423). R.F. also acknowledges the support by the German Academic Exchange Agency (DAAD; 331 4 04 002). R.C. acknowledges financial support from Spanish MINECO within the program Ramon y Cajal (RyC-2011-0521). The ALS is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC0205CH11231). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1682 EP 1687 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917801213 ER PT J AU Zaunbrecher, KN Johnston, SW Sites, JR AF Zaunbrecher, Katherine N. Johnston, Steven W. Sites, James R. GP IEEE TI Identification and Analysis of Distinct Features in Imaging Thin-film Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE electroluminescence; photoluminescence; imaging; photovoltaic cells; thin films ID LOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHY AB Electroluminescence and photoluminescence (EL and PL) are two imaging techniques employed at NREL that are used to qualitatively evaluate solar cells. In this work, imaging lab-scale CdTe and CIGS devices provides information about small-area PV response, which will aid in determining the effects of non-uniformities on cell performance. EL, PL, and dark lock-in thermography signatures are first catalogued. Their responses to varying conditions are then studied. Further analysis includes acquiring spectral data, making microscopy measurements, and correlating luminescence to device performance. The goal of this work is to quantitatively determine non-uniformity effects on cell performance using rapid imaging techniques. C1 [Zaunbrecher, Katherine N.; Johnston, Steven W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zaunbrecher, Katherine N.; Sites, James R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zaunbrecher, KN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX The authors would like to thank the Materials Engineering Laboratory at CSU for making the CdTe cells, NREL for the CIGS devices, and Bobby To at NREL for the SEM data. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and with support from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1716 EP 1720 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802002 ER PT J AU Kuciauskas, D Duenow, JN Kanevce, A Li, JV Young, MR Dippo, P Levi, DH AF Kuciauskas, Darius Duenow, Joel N. Kanevce, Ana Li, Jian V. Young, Matthew R. Dippo, Pat Levi, Dean H. GP IEEE TI Optical-Fiber-Based, Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectrometer for Thin-Film Absorber Characterization and Analysis of TRPL Data for CdS/CdTe Interface SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Time-resolved photoluminescence; lifetime; CdTe; thin-film photovoltaics ID CDTE/CDS SOLAR-CELLS; CARRIER LIFETIME; TEMPERATURE AB We describe the design of a time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectrometer for rapid semiconductor absorber characterization. Simplicity and flexibility is achieved by using single optical fiber to deliver laser pulses and to collect photoluminescence. We apply TRPL for characterization of CdS/CdTe absorbers after deposition, CdCl2 treatment, Cu doping, and back contact formation. Data suggest this method could be applied in various stages of PV device processing. Finally, we show how to analyze TRPL data for CdS/CdTe absorbers by considering laser light absorption depth and intermixing at CdS/CdTe interface. C1 [Kuciauskas, Darius; Duenow, Joel N.; Kanevce, Ana; Li, Jian V.; Young, Matthew R.; Dippo, Pat; Levi, Dean H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kuciauskas, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1721 EP 1726 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802003 ER PT J AU Granata, JE Sorensen, NR Riley, D Judkins, Z Olsen, S AF Granata, Jennifer E. Sorensen, N. Robert Riley, Daniel Judkins, Zachary Olsen, Sy GP IEEE TI Design for Reliability: A Low Concentration PV Case Study SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic modules; reliability; concentrator; FMEA; O&M AB The reliability, availability and predictability of photovoltaic systems are becoming increasingly important as grid penetration Increases and lifetime expectations are raised. Sandia National Laboratories and SunPower Corporation teamed up to implement a design for reliability process including Failure Modes and Effects Analyses, accelerated testing, prototype real-world testing, and initial performance analyses on Sun Power's ne C7 Tracker and solar concentrator. This paper outlines the design for reliability process and initial results. C1 [Granata, Jennifer E.; Sorensen, N. Robert; Riley, Daniel] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Judkins, Zachary; Olsen, Sy] SunPower Corp, San Jose, CA USA. RP Granata, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge the SunPower LCPV team and the Sandia PV Reliability Team for all their work to make this project a success. This work was funded in part by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1739 EP 1743 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802007 ER PT J AU Hacke, P Smith, R Terwilliger, K Glick, S Jordan, D Johnston, S Kempe, M Kurtz, S AF Hacke, Peter Smith, Ryan Terwilliger, Kent Glick, Stephen Jordan, Dirk Johnston, Steve Kempe, Michael Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Testing and Analysis for Lifetime Prediction of Crystalline Silicon PV Modules Undergoing Degradation by System Voltage Stress SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Degradation; Photovoltaic systems; Photovoltaic cells; Reliability; High-voltage techniques; Current-voltage characteristics ID FAILURE AB Acceleration factors are calculated for crystalline silicon PV modules under system voltage stress by comparing the module power during degradation outdoors to that in accelerated testing at three temperatures and 85% relative humidity. A lognormal analysis is applied to the accelerated lifetime test data considering failure at 80% of the initial module power. Activation energy of 0.73 eV for the rate of failure is determined, and the probability of module failure at an arbitrary temperature is predicted. To obtain statistical data for multiple modules over the course of degradation in-situ of the test chamber, dark I-V measurements are obtained and transformed using superposition, which is found well suited for rapid and quantitative evaluation of potential-induced degradation. It is determined that shunt resistance measurements alone do not represent the extent of power degradation. This is explained with a two-diode model analysis that shows an increasing second diode recombination current and ideality factor as the degradation in module power progresses. Failure modes of the modules stressed outdoors are examined and compared to those stressed in accelerated tests. C1 [Hacke, Peter; Smith, Ryan; Terwilliger, Kent; Glick, Stephen; Jordan, Dirk; Johnston, Steve; Kempe, Michael; Kurtz, Sarah] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hacke, P (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1750 EP 1755 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802009 ER PT J AU Ardani, K Barbose, G Margolis, R Feldman, D AF Ardani, Kristen Barbose, Galen Margolis, Robert Feldman, David GP IEEE TI Quantifying Non-Hardware Balance of System Costs for Photovoltaic Installations in the United States Using a Combined Annual Expenditure-Labor Hour Productivity Approach SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE balance of system; non-hardware; regulatory; photovoltaics AB This paper presents results from the first U. S. based data collection effort to quantify non-hardware, business process costs for PV systems at the residential and commercial scales, using a bottom-up approach. Annual expenditure and labor hour productivity data are analyzed to benchmark business process costs in the specific areas of: (1) customer acquisition; (2) permitting, inspection, and interconnection; (3) installer labor costs associated with third party financing; and (4) installation labor. Annual cost and labor hour data were collected from 87 installers. After eliminating outliers, the survey sample consists of 75 installers, representing approximately 13% and 4% of 2010 added PV installations at the residential and commercial scales, respectively. Results indicate that business process costs benchmarked in this analysis (including assumed permitting fees) total $1.52/W-1 for residential systems (ranging from $0.66/W to $1.66/W between the 20th and 80th percentiles). For commercial systems, the survey results suggest business process costs of $0.99/W for systems <250 kW (ranging from $0.511W to $1.45/W between the 20th and 80th percentiles), and $0.25/W for systems >250 kW (ranging from $0.17/W to $0.78/W between the 20th and 80th percentiles)(2). We conclude that business process costs present significant opportunities for cost reductions. C1 [Ardani, Kristen; Margolis, Robert; Feldman, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Barbose, Galen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ardani, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC 20009 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1762 EP 1767 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802011 ER PT J AU Coddington, M Ellis, A Lynn, K Razon, A Key, T Kroposki, B Mather, B Hill, R Nicole, K Smith, J AF Coddington, Michael Ellis, Abraham Lynn, Kevin Razon, Alvin Key, Tom Kroposki, Benjamin Mather, Barry Hill, Roger Nicole, Kristen Smith, Jeff GP IEEE TI Updating Technical Screens for PV Interconnection SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE screens; interconnection; utility; electric utilities; public utility commissions; penetration; high penetration AB Solar photovoltaics (PV) is the dominant type of distributed generation (DG) technology interconnected to electric distribution systems in the United States, and deployment of PV systems continues to increase rapidly. Considering the rapid growth and widespread deployment of PV systems in United States electric distribution grids, it is important that interconnection procedures be as streamlined as possible to avoid unnecessary interconnection studies, costs, and delays. Because many PV interconnection applications involve high penetration scenarios, the process needs to allow for a sufficiently rigorous technical evaluation to identify and address possible system impacts. Existing interconnection procedures are designed to balance the need for efficiency and technical rigor for all DG. However, there is an implicit expectation that those procedures will be updated over time in order to remain relevant with respect to evolving standards, technology, and practical experience. Modifications to interconnection screens and procedures must focus on maintaining or improving safety and reliability, as well as accurately allocating costs and improving expediency of the interconnection process. This paper evaluates the origins and usefulness of the capacity penetration screen, offers potential short-term solutions which could effectively allow fast-track interconnection to many PV system applications, and considers longer-term solutions for increasing PV deployment levels in a safe and reliable manner while reducing or eliminating the emphasis on the penetration screen. C1 [Coddington, Michael; Kroposki, Benjamin; Mather, Barry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ellis, Abraham; Hill, Roger] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Lynn, Kevin] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Razon, Alvin] SRA Inc, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Key, Tom; Nicole, Kristen; Smith, Jeff] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Coddington, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1768 EP 1773 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802012 ER PT J AU Hoen, B Wiser, R Thayer, M Cappers, P AF Hoen, Ben Wiser, Ryan Thayer, Mark Cappers, Peter GP IEEE TI Do PV Systems Increase Residential Selling Prices? If So, How Can Practitioners Estimate This Increase? SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic; PV; home values; resale; premiums; new homes; existing homes ID HEDONIC PRICES AB Relatively little research exists estimating the marginal impacts of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems on home sales prices. Using a large dataset of California homes that sold from 2000 through mid-2009, we find strong evidence, despite a variety of robustness checks, that existing homes with PV systems sold for a premium over comparable homes without PV systems, implying a near full return on investment. Premiums for new homes are found to be considerably lower than those for existing homes, implying, potentially, a tradeoff between price and sales velocity. The results have significant implications for homeowners, builders, appraisers, lenders, and policymakers. Some new tools have emerged which can be used to estimate premiums for PV homes. C1 [Hoen, Ben; Wiser, Ryan; Cappers, Peter] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thayer, Mark] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hoen, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CHI1231]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DEK-8883050]; Clean Energy States Alliance FX This work was supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Solar Energy Technologies Program) of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CHI1231, by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Contract No. DEK-8883050, and by the Clean Energy States Alliance, though all errors and omissions are our own. This paper is based on a LBNL report 4476E [17]. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1774 EP 1777 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802013 ER PT J AU Bosco, NS Silverman, TJ Kurtz, SR AF Bosco, Nick S. Silverman, Timothy J. Kurtz, Sarah R. GP IEEE TI On The Effect of Ramp Rate in Damage Accumulation of The CPV Die-Attach SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Photovoltaic Cells; Soldering; Materials Reliability; Reliability Theory AB It is commonly understood that thermal cycling at high temperature ramp rates may activate unrepresentative failure mechanisms. Increasing the temperature ramp rate of thermal cycling, however, could dramatically reduce the test time required to achieve an equivalent amount of thermal fatigue damage, thereby reducing overall test time. Therefore, the effect of temperature ramp rate on physical damage in the CPV die-attach is investigated. Finite Element Model (FEM) simulations of thermal fatigue and thermal cycling experiments are made to determine if the amount of damage calculated results in a corresponding amount of physical damage measured to the die-attach for a variety of fast temperature ramp rates. Preliminary experimental results are in good agreement with simulations and reinforce the potential of increasing temperature ramp rates. Characterization of the microstructure and resulting fatigue crack in the die-attach suggest a similar failure mechanism across all ramp rates tested. C1 [Bosco, Nick S.; Silverman, Timothy J.; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bosco, NS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1820 EP 1825 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802023 ER PT J AU Rao, RA Mathew, L Sarkar, D Smith, S Saha, S Garcia, R Stout, R Gurmu, A Ainom, M Onyegam, E Xu, D Jawarani, D Fossum, J Banerjee, S Das, U Upadhyaya, A Rohatgi, A Wang, Q AF Rao, R. A. Mathew, L. Sarkar, D. Smith, S. Saha, S. Garcia, R. Stout, R. Gurmu, A. Ainom, M. Onyegam, E. Xu, D. Jawarani, D. Fossum, J. Banerjee, S. Das, U. Upadhyaya, A. Rohatgi, A. Wang, Q. GP IEEE TI A Low Cost Kerfless Thin Crystalline Si Solar Cell Technology SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE kerfless; thin crystalline; heterojunction; photovoltaic cells; silicon ID SILICON AB The crystalline Si photovoltaic industry has been scaling down the Si wafer thickness in order to reduce costs and potentially attain higher efficiencies by minimizing bulk recombination. However, cell manufacturers are struggling to reduce the wafer thickness below 150 mu m as there are no economically viable technologies for manufacturing very thin Si wafers and such thin silicon wafers impose stringent handling requirements as wafer breakage and yield loss impact final module cost. We have previously reported a novel kerfless exfoliation technology capable of producing ultra thin 25 mu m thin flexible mono c-Si foils from thick Si wafers. In this work, we report on scaling the technology to 8-inch diameter wafers. A 25 mu m thin exfoliated monocrystalline Si solar cell with a front heterojunction emitter and a diffused back surface field structure has been fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 14.9%. Simulations show that with optimized texturing of the foil and better surface passivation, higher efficiencies (20%) can be attained. We have also fabricated dual heterojunction devices on 25 mu m thin exfoliated Si, which show high V-oc of 680mV. Due to the kerfless exfoliation process and wafer reuse, a final cell cost of $0.30/Wp can be achieved. C1 [Rao, R. A.; Mathew, L.; Smith, S.; Saha, S.; Garcia, R.; Stout, R.; Gurmu, A.; Ainom, M.; Xu, D.; Jawarani, D.] AstroWatt, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Sarkar, D.; Fossum, J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Onyegam, E.; Banerjee, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Das, U.] Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Upadhyaya, A.; Rohatgi, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Q.] Natl Renewable Energy Labs, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rao, RA (reprint author), AstroWatt, Austin, TX 78758 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-EE0005404] FX This work was funded partly by US Department of Energy Sunshot Award No. DE-EE0005404. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1837 EP 1840 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802027 ER PT J AU Young, DL Grover, S Teplin, C Stradins, P LaSalvia, V Chuang, TK Couillard, JG Branz, HM AF Young, David L. Grover, Sachit Teplin, Charles Stradins, Paul LaSalvia, Vincenzo Chuang, Ta-Ko Couillard, J. Greg Branz, Howard M. GP IEEE TI Characterization of Epitaxial Film Silicon Solar Cells Grown on Seeded Display Glass SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE epitaxial layers; glass; silicon; solar energy AB We report characterization of epitaxial film crystal silicon (c-Si) solar cells with open-circuit voltages (V-oc) above 560 mV. The 2-um absorber cells are grown by low-temperature (<750 degrees C) hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) on Corning (R) EAGLE XG (R) display glass coated with a layer-transferred (LT) Si seed. The high V-oc is a result of low-defect epitaxial Si (epi-Si) growth and effective hydrogen passivation of defects. The quality of epitaxial growth by HWCVD on seeded glass substrates depends on the crystallographic quality of the seed and the morphology of the growth surface. Complete heterojunction cells consist of glass/c-Si LT seed/epi n(+) Si: P/epi n(-) Si:P/intrinsic a-Si: H/p(+) a-Si:H/ITO. Similar devices grown on electronically 'dead' n+ wafers have given V-oc similar to 630 mV and similar to 8% efficiency with no light trapping features. Here we study the effects of the seed surface polish on epi-Si quality, how hydrogenation influences the device character, and the dominant junction transport physics. C1 [Young, David L.; Grover, Sachit; Teplin, Charles; Stradins, Paul; LaSalvia, Vincenzo; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Young, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Grover, Sachit/M-1881-2013 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1841 EP 1844 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802028 ER PT J AU Kempe, MD Miller, DC Wohlgemuth, JH Kurtz, SR Moseley, JM Shah, Q Tamizhmani, G Sakurai, K Inoue, M Doi, T Masuda, A Samuels, SL Vanderpan, CE AF Kempe, Michael D. Miller, David C. Wohlgemuth, John H. Kurtz, Sarah R. Moseley, John M. Shah, Qurat (Annie) Tamizhmani, Govindasamy Sakurai, Keiichiro Inoue, Masanao Doi, Takuya Masuda, Atsushi Samuels, Sam L. Vanderpan, Crystal E. GP IEEE TI A Field Evaluation of the Potential for Creep in Thermoplastic Encapsulant Materials SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Encapsulant; Creep; Thermoplastic; Qualification Standards; Polymer ID PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES; DEGRADATION AB There has been recent interest in the use of thermoplastic encapsulant materials in photovoltaic modules to replace chemically crosslinked materials, e. g., ethylene-vinyl acetate. The related motivations include the desire to: reduce lamination time or temperature; use less moisture-permeable materials; use materials with better corrosion characteristics or with improved electrical resistance. However, the use of any thermoplastic material in a high-temperature environment raises safety and performance concerns, as the standardized tests currently do not expose the modules to temperatures in excess of 85 degrees C, though fielded modules may experience temperatures above 100 degrees C. Here we constructed eight pairs of crystalline-silicon modules and eight pairs of glass/encapsulation/glass thin-film mock modules using different encapsulant materials of which only two were designed to chemically crosslink. One module set was exposed outdoors with insulation on the back side in Arizona in the summer, and an identical set was exposed in environmental chambers. High precision creep measurements (+/- 20 mu m) and performance measurements indicate that despite many of these polymeric materials being in the melt state during outdoor deployment, very little creep was seen because of their high viscosity, temperature heterogeneity across the modules, and the formation of chemical crosslinks in many of the encapsulants as they aged. In the case of the crystalline silicon modules, the physical restraint of the backsheet reduced the creep further. C1 [Kempe, Michael D.; Miller, David C.; Wohlgemuth, John H.; Kurtz, Sarah R.; Moseley, John M.; Sakurai, Keiichiro] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kempe, MD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Samuels, Sam/0000-0002-2916-9534 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1871 EP 1876 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802034 ER PT J AU Krishnan, R Tong, G Kaczynski, R Schoop, U Payzant, EA Anderson, TJ Kim, WK AF Krishnan, R. Tong, G. Kaczynski, R. Schoop, U. Payzant, E. A. Anderson, T. J. Kim, W. K. GP IEEE TI DEVICE DEGRADATION STUDIES OF CIGS SOLAR CELLS USING IN-SITU HIGH TEMPERATURE X-RAY DIFFRACTION SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy ID THIN-FILMS AB In-situ X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was used tostudy the degradation mechanism of the CIGS device structure SS/Mo/CIGS/CdS/ITO. Temperature ramp HTXRD experiments carried out in both N-2 and forming gas ambient revealed formation of the solid solution gamma- CuCd2(GaxIn1-x) Se-4 at similar to 400 degrees C. Time dependent XRD patterns were collected at constant temperature for four temperatures in the range 420 to 480 degrees C to extract the first order rate parameters for formation of this phase using the Avrami model. Activation energy of 233.5 (+/- 45) kJ/mol and pre-exponential value 8.3 x 10(13) s(-1) were estimated. Extrapolation of the reaction rate to a typical module operating temperature (50 degrees C) indicated the rate of formation of this complex compound is sufficiently low that the extent of reaction is negligible during the module lifetime of 30 years. C1 [Krishnan, R.; Tong, G.; Anderson, T. J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kim, W. K.] Yeungnam Univ, Gyongsan, South Korea. [Kaczynski, R.; Schoop, U.] Global Solar Energy Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Payzant, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Krishnan, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 FU DOE/NREL Thin Film [DE-FG36-08GO18069]; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Vehicle Technologies Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of DOE/NREL Thin Film PV Partnership Program, under subcontract No.DE-FG36-08GO18069. The authors also appreciate sponsorship, in part, bythe U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program, through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 1970 EP 1973 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2012.6317982 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802057 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Mayer, MA Speaks, DT He, HC Zhao, RY Hsu, L Mao, SS Haller, EE Walukiewicz, W AF Yu, Kin Man Mayer, Marie A. Speaks, Derrick T. He, Hongcai Zhao, Ruying Hsu, L. Mao, Samuel S. Haller, E. E. Walukiewicz, Wladek GP IEEE TI Transparent Conductors for Full Spectrum Photovoltaics SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Transparent Conducting oxides; Wide band gap semiconductors; Photovoltaic cells; Cadmium oxide ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; ABSORPTION; MOBILITY; OXIDE; GAAS; CDO AB Low transparency of conventional transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in the IR region (lambda similar to 1000 nm) due to absorption and reflection by the high concentration of free carrier restricts the applications of materials to photovoltaics that do not use the infrared part of the solar spectrum. In order to maintain low resistivity with reduced free carrier absorption, TCOs with high mobility are required. We have found that among metal oxides, CdO has all the essential requirements for low resistance and high infrared transmission: low electron scattering rates and high electron mobility. In this work we report the electrical and optical properties of CdO, undoped and doped with various n-type dopants, grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). We found that nominally undoped CdO films have Hall mobilities in the range of 50-150 cm(2)/Vs with carrier concentrations of 3x10(20)-2x10(19) cm(-3) corresponding to a high compensation ratio k= 0.7. However, with appropriate intentional doping, ideal uncompensated CdO with extremely high conductivity (> 10(4) S/cm) and an excellent transmission window in the range from 400 to > 1500 nm can be achieved. These properties make CdO an ideal TCO for photovoltaics with low band gap absorbers including Si and high efficiency multijunction cells. C1 [Yu, Kin Man; Mayer, Marie A.; Speaks, Derrick T.; Zhao, Ruying; Haller, E. E.; Walukiewicz, Wladek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2024 EP 2029 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802071 ER PT J AU Garcia, I Geisz, J Steiner, M Olson, J Friedman, D Kurtz, S AF Garcia, Ivan Geisz, John Steiner, Myles Olson, Jerry Friedman, Daniel Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Design of Semiconductor-based Back Reflectors for High V-oc Monolithic Multijunction Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photon recycling; high V-oc; distributed Bragg reflector; multijunction solar cell AB State-of-the-art multijunction cell designs have the potential for significant improvement before going to higher number of junctions. For example, the V-oc can be substantially increased if the photon recycling taking place in the junctions is enhanced. This has already been demonstrated (by Alta Devices) for a GaAs single-junction cell. For this, the loss of re-emitted photons by absorption in the underlying layers or substrate must be minimized. Selective back surface reflectors are needed for this purpose. In this work, different architectures of semiconductor distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) are assessed as the appropriate choice for application in monolithic multijunction solar cells. Since the photon re-emission in the photon recycling process is spatially isotropic, the effect of the incident angle on the reflectance spectrum is of central importance. In addition, the DBR structure must be designed taking into account its integration into the monolithic multijunction solar cells, concerning series resistance, growth economics, and other issues. We analyze the tradeoffs in DBR design complexity with all these requirements to determine if such a reflector is suitable to improve multijunction solar cells. C1 [Garcia, Ivan; Geisz, John; Steiner, Myles; Olson, Jerry; Friedman, Daniel; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Garcia, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Garcia, Ivan/L-1547-2014 OI Garcia, Ivan/0000-0002-9895-2020 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2042 EP 2047 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802075 ER PT J AU McMahon, WE Olson, JM Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ AF McMahon, W. E. Olson, J. M. Geisz, J. F. Friedman, D. J. GP IEEE TI An Examination of 1D Solar Cell Model Limitations Using 3D SPICE Modeling SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE current-voltage characteristics; photovoltaic cells; semiconductor device modeling; SPICE AB To examine the limitations of one-dimensional (1D) solar cell modeling, 3D SPICE-based modeling is used to examine in detail the validity of the 1D assumptions as a function of sheet resistance for a model cell. The internal voltages and current densities produced by this modeling give additional insight into the differences between the 1D and 3D models. C1 [McMahon, W. E.; Olson, J. M.; Geisz, J. F.; Friedman, D. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, WE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2088 EP 2091 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802084 ER PT J AU Johnston, S Yan, F Dorn, D Zaunbrecher, K Al-Jassim, M Sidelkheir, O Ounadjela, K AF Johnston, Steve Yan, Fei Dorn, David Zaunbrecher, Katherine Al-Jassim, Mowafak Sidelkheir, Omar Ounadjela, Kamel GP IEEE TI Comparison of Photoluminescence Imaging on Starting MultiCrystalline Silicon Wafers to Finished Cell Performance SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photoluminescence; imaging; infrared imaging; photovoltaic cells; silicon; impurities ID LOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHY; SOLAR-CELLS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LUMINESCENCE AB Photoluminescence (PL) imaging techniques can be applied to multicrystalline silicon wafers throughout the manufacturing process. Both band-to-band PL and defect-band emissions, which are longer-wavelength emissions from sub-bandgap transitions, are used to characterize wafer quality and defect content on starting multicrystalline silicon wafers and neighboring wafers processed at each step through completion of finished cells. Both PL imaging techniques spatially highlight defect regions that represent dislocations and defect clusters. The relative intensities of these imaged defect regions change with processing. Band-to-band PL on wafers in the later steps of processing shows good correlation to cell quality and performance. The defect band images show regions that change relative intensity through processing, and better correlation to cell efficiency and reverse-bias breakdown is more evident at the starting wafer stage as opposed to later process steps. We show that thermal processing in the 200 degrees-400 degrees C range causes impurities to diffuse to different defect regions, changing their relative defect band emissions. C1 [Johnston, Steve; Yan, Fei; Zaunbrecher, Katherine; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2161 EP 2166 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802100 ER PT J AU Nemeth, B Wang, Q Shan, W AF Nemeth, Bill Wang, Qi Shan, Wei GP IEEE TI Efficient Crystalline Si Solar Cell with Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction as Back Contact SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE silicon; amorphous; photovoltaic cells; heterojunction AB We study an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (Si HJ) as a back contact in industrial standard p-type five-inch pseudo-square wafer to replace Al back surface field (BSF) contact. The best efficiency in this study is over 17% with open-circuit (V-oc) of 0.623 V, which is very similar to the control cell with Al BSF. We found that V-oc has not been improved with the heterojunction structure in the back. The typical minority carrier lifetime of these wafers is on the order of 10 mu s. We also found that the doping levels of p-layer affect the FF due to conductivity and band gap shifting, and an optimized layer is identified. We conclude that an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction can be a very promising structure to replace Al BSF back contact. C1 [Nemeth, Bill; Wang, Qi] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nemeth, B (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2229 EP 2231 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802115 ER PT J AU Platt, HAS Li, YJ Novak, JP van Hest, MFAM AF Platt, Heather A. S. Li, Yunjun Novak, James P. van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. GP IEEE TI Non-Contact Printed Aluminum Metallization of Si Photovoltaic Devices SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE printing; aluminum; photovoltaic cells; silicon AB Alternative solution-based techniques such as aerosol jet printing offer the dual benefits of contactless pattern deposition and high material utilization. We have used aerosol jet printing to investigate non-contact printed Al metal ink as a replacement for screen printed Al back contacts on wafer Si solar cells. This particle-based ink can be prepared at high loadings of 60 weight % metal, which enables rapid deposition of 1 - 10 mu m thick lines. Al lines printed on Si wafers and heated between 550 and 800 degrees C form low resistance contacts suitable for current extraction. The effectiveness of these printed Al back contacts has further been demonstrated by incorporating them into a series of 21 cm(2) crystalline Si solar cells that produced a champion power conversion efficiency of 13%. C1 [Platt, Heather A. S.; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Li, Yunjun; Novak, James P.] Appl Nanotech Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Platt, HAS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU US Dept of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER85085] FX Applied Nanotech, Inc. would like to thank the US Dept. of Energy for funding this work under contract DE-FG02-08ER85085. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2244 EP 2246 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802119 ER PT J AU Ounadjela, K Rakotoniaina, P Sidelkheir, O Laparra, O Kaes, M Smith, R Rummel, S Al-Jassim, M AF Ounadjela, Kamel Rakotoniaina, Pati Sidelkheir, Omar Laparra, Olivier Kaes, Martin Smith, Ryan Rummel, Steve Al-Jassim, Mowafak GP IEEE TI Superior Low-Light-Level Performance of Upgraded Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Modules SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE solar modules; low light; shunt resistance; performance ratio; photovoltaic cells; silicon; emitter AB The industry is becoming critically sensitive to solar energy delivered in kilowatt-hours rather than in kilowatt at illumination peak intensity. This is because when comparing systems or modules, it is more relevant to compare the energy delivered during an entire day than the energy delivered during peak illumination, which happens for very few hours on the same day. For that reason, low-light-level performance is an important parameter that greatly influences the total energy yield of a PV system. This is especially important in low annual insolation regions such as northern Europe or the northeast United States. Low-light-level performance can vary significantly even within a particular PV technology. In this contribution, results of low-light performance of three modules are presented. The first module uses Calisolar upgraded metallurgical-grade (UMG) Si solar cells, the second module uses standard monocrystalline Si cells, and the third module uses standard electronic-grade (EG) Si cells. The modules were first tested at NREL's Outdoor Testing Facility. The low-light-level performance of the three modules indicated a markedly higher module output for the module with Calisolar UMG cells. Because angle of incidence, temperature, and spectral variations can significantly influence these data, these modules were also measured using a Spire indoor solar simulator. Measurements at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 W/m(2) corroborated our outdoor tests and the superior performance of the UMG-based modules. We observed that the shunt resistance of the module with Calisolar UMG cells is higher than that of the other two modules, which can explain the higher module output. Thus, as the light intensity decreases, the light IV curve moves toward the lower part of the diode characteristics where R-shunt and J(02) (which describes recombination in the space charge region) dominate. In this low-light regime, a decrease of Rshunt drastically reduces the V-OC and fill factor. Cells with higher Rshunt are less affected. Large-scale system outputs have also confirmed higher performance module output in low-light conditions for modules using Calisolar cells. C1 [Ounadjela, Kamel; Rakotoniaina, Pati; Sidelkheir, Omar; Laparra, Olivier] Calisolar, 985 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Kaes, Martin] Calisolar GmbH, Berlin, Germany. [Smith, Ryan; Rummel, Steve; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ounadjela, K (reprint author), Calisolar, 985 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2359 EP 2361 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802147 ER PT J AU Sorloaica-Hickman, N Davis, K Leyte-Vidal, A Kurtz, S Jordan, D AF Sorloaica-Hickman, Nicoleta Davis, Kris Leyte-Vidal, Albert Kurtz, Sarah Jordan, Dirk GP IEEE TI COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF FIELD-AGED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES LOCATED IN A HOT AND HUMID ENVIRONMENT SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Photovoltaic; reliability; degradation rate; Performance Rati; PVUSA regression AB Long-term monitoring of systems installed in the field is the ultimate standard for evaluating photovoltaic components and systems. This study, which involves the long-term outdoor exposure in a hot and humid climate, intends to address the performance degradation and failure mechanisms which are difficult or impossible to simulate in the lab during time constrained accelerated tests. Experimental data including irradiance, temperature, DC/AC current and voltage has been collected on diverse generations of photovoltaic modules installed throughout the state of Florida. Long term module reliability and lifetime are evaluated using a two pronged approach. 1) Modules have been deployed outdoors for long time periods with systematic - 15 minutes interval- climatic and performance measurements 2) Real-time climatic and performance measurements of modules following long-term outdoor exposed. Visual, IR and electrical insulation inspections were performed are also presented in this paper. Multiple analytical methods are used to quantify energy production and power degradation over time, including Performance Ratio analysis, and PVUSA regression analysis. Real-time field measurements were reviewed for both overall return rates and compare them with the nameplate performance values and to identify the failure mechanism that caused the return. C1 [Sorloaica-Hickman, Nicoleta; Davis, Kris; Leyte-Vidal, Albert] Univ Cent Florida, Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. [Kurtz, Sarah; Jordan, Dirk] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sorloaica-Hickman, N (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2376 EP 2381 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802151 ER PT J AU Wohlgemuth, JH Sastry, OS Stokes, A Singh, YK Kumar, M AF Wohlgemuth, John H. Sastry, O. S. Stokes, Adam Singh, Yogesh Kumar Kumar, Mithilesh GP IEEE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF FIELD EXPOSED THIN FILM MODULES SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE thin film photovoltaics; PV module performance; outdoor field exposure AB Test arrays of thin film modules have been deployed at the Solar Energy Centre near New Delhi, India since 2002-2003. Performances of these arrays were reported by O.S. Sastry [1]. This paper reports on NREL efforts to support SEC by performing detailed characterization of selected modules from the array. Modules were selected to demonstrate both average and worst case power loss over the 8 years of outdoor exposure. The modules characterized included CdTe, CIS and three different types of a-Si. All but one of the a-Si types were glass-glass construction. None of the modules had edge seals. Detailed results of these tests are presented along with our conclusions about the causes of the power loss for each technology. C1 [Wohlgemuth, John H.; Stokes, Adam] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sastry, O. S.; Singh, Yogesh Kumar; Kumar, Mithilesh] Minist New & Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Ctr, New Delhi, India. RP Wohlgemuth, JH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors wish to thank Dirk Jordan for providing the data on degradation rates for the modules deployed at NREL. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2411 EP 2415 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917802158 ER PT J AU Colli, A AF Colli, Alessandra GP IEEE TI Extending Performance and Evaluating Risks of PV Systems Failure Using a Fault Tree and Event Tree Approach: Analysis of the Possible Application SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Performance; Risk; Failure; Fault Tree; Event Tree AB Performance and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) systems are important issues in the overall evaluation of a PV plant and its components. While performance is connected to the amount of energy produced by the PV installation in the working environmental conditions, reliability impacts the availability of the system to produce the expected amount of energy. In both cases, the evaluation should be done considering information and data coming from indoor as well as outdoor tests. In this paper a way of re-thinking performance, giving it a probabilistic connotation, and connecting the two concepts of performance and reliability is proposed. The paper follows a theoretical approach and discusses the way to obtaining such information, facing benefits and problems. The proposed probabilistic performance accounts for the probability of the system to function correctly, thus passing through the complementary evaluation of the probability of system malfunctions and consequences. Scenarios have to be identified where the system is not functioning properly or at all. They are expected to be combined in a probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) based approach, providing not only the required probability, but also being capable of giving a prioritization of the risks and the most dominant scenario associated to a specific situation. This approach can offer the possibility to highlight the most critical parts of a PV system, as well as providing support in design activities identifying weak connections. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Colli, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2922 EP 2926 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803047 ER PT J AU Dobos, AP AF Dobos, Aron P. GP IEEE TI Modeling of Annual DC Energy Losses due to Off Maximum Power Point Operation in PV Arrays SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE array modeling; diode model; maximum power point; mismatch losses AB This paper describes a straightforward methodology for modeling photovoltaic arrays comprised of variously configured sub-arrays connected to a single inverter. Particularly in rooftop applications, PV arrays must be installed within the constraints of various roof slopes and geometries. This reality calls into question the typical modeling assumption that each panel operates at its maximum power point, even when shading effects are ignored. A series of scenarios are presented with a variety of array orientations, string configurations, and temperature effects. Each scenario is modeled in detail using industry standard modeling tools, and the operation characteristics and DC losses due to sub-array layout mismatch are presented. Typical losses resulting from sub-optimal relative alignment of fixed array layouts are on the order of a one percent or less on an annual basis, suggesting that sub-array orientation in the absence of shading is not a major factor in small to medium scale system energy yield. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dobos, AP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 2967 EP 2969 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803056 ER PT J AU Stein, JS AF Stein, Joshua S. GP IEEE TI The Photovoltaic Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC) SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Photovoltaic systems; solar energy; modeling; prediction algorithms; uncertainty; collaborative work; collaborative tools AB Sandia National Laboratories is forming the PV Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC). T his effort is aimed at improving confidence in PV performance model predictions by bringing traceability and transparency to the modeling process and encouraging third party validation of existing algorithms. Activities currently being pursued in this collaborative include: (1) developing a website (http://pvpmc.org), (2) developing a Matlab (TM) PV Performance Modeling Toolbox (PV_LIB), and (3) sponsoring periodic PV performance modeling workshops and events. Contributions are welcomed from stakeholders in PV or related industries. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stein, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3048 EP 3052 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803074 ER PT J AU Hansen, CW Riley, DM Jaramillo, M AF Hansen, Clifford W. Riley, Daniel M. Jaramillo, Manuel GP IEEE TI Calibration of the Sandia Array Performance Model Using Indoor Measurements SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Modeling; Parameter extraction; Performance analysis; Photovoltaic systems; Solar power generation AB The Sandia Array Performance Model (SAPM) describes the DC output of a PV module under a range of irradiance and temperature conditions. Coefficients for SAPM are normally obtained through a sequence of on-sun tests, which can be expensive and time-consuming. We report progress towards developing test methods and analysis procedures to obtain coefficients for SAPM from indoor testing. We compared module output predictions from SAPM with coefficients extracted from indoor test results, to measured on-sun module output, and found biases in the predicted performance. We hypothesize that these biases result from the uniform cell temperatures during indoor testing, whereas measured cell temperatures vary by up to 10 degrees C among cells during on-sun conditions. However, we also hypothesize other explanations for the observed biases. C1 [Hansen, Clifford W.; Riley, Daniel M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Jaramillo, Manuel] CFV Solar Test Lab Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Hansen, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3067 EP 3072 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803078 ER PT J AU Bolen, ML Grover, S Teplin, CW Bobela, D Branz, HM Stradins, P AF Bolen, Michael L. Grover, Sachit Teplin, Charles W. Bobela, David Branz, Howard M. Stradins, Paul GP IEEE TI Hydrogenation of Dislocation-Limited Heteroepitaxial Silicon Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; PASSIVATION; DEFECTS AB Post-deposition hydrogenation by remote plasma significantly improves performance of heteroepitaxial silicon (Si) solar cells. Heteroepitaxial deposition of thin crystal Si on sapphire for photovoltaics (PV) is an excellent model system for developing the PV technology platform of film c-Si on inexpensive Al2O3-coated (100) biaxially-textured metal foils. Without hydrogenation PV conversion efficiencies are less than 1% in our model system, due to carrier recombination at electrically-active dislocations and other growth defects. Hydrogenation dramatically improves performance, with low-temperature hydrogenation at 350 degrees C being more effective than hydrogenation at 610 degrees C. Spectral quantum efficiency, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and vibrational Si-H-x Raman spectroscopy measurements elucidate the effects of hydrogenation on the materials and devices. Quantum efficiency increases at wavelengths >400 nm, indicating hydrogenation is mostly affecting the bulk of the cells. SIMS detects nearly 100 times more hydrogen atoms in our cells than available dangling bonds along all dislocations. Yet, Raman spectroscopy indicates that only low temperature hydrogenation creates Si-Hx bonds; trapped hydrogen does not stably passivate dangling-bond recombination sites at high temperatures. C1 [Bolen, Michael L.; Grover, Sachit; Teplin, Charles W.; Branz, Howard M.; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bobela, David] Ampulse Corp, Golden, CO USA. RP Bolen, ML (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Grover, Sachit/M-1881-2013 FU U.S DOE Solar Energy Technology Program [DEAC36-08-GO28308]; Ampulse Corporation FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE Solar Energy Technology Program under Contract No. DEAC36-08-GO28308 and the Ampulse Corporation. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3124 EP 3128 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803090 ER PT J AU Pang, YT Dissanayake, N Eisaman, MD AF Pang, Yutong Dissanayake, Nanditha Eisaman, Matthew D. GP IEEE TI Guided-mode absorption in ultrathin organic photovoltaics SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE optical waveguides; organic photovoltaics; photovoltaic cells; thin films ID SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; LIGHT; DEVICES AB We introduce a novel organic photovoltaic (OPV) design, termed a "slot OPV", that applies the principles of slot waveguides to confine light within the ultrathin (<50 nm) active layer of an OPV. Our calculations demonstrate that a "slot OPV" can be designed with guided-mode absorption for a 10 nm thick active layer equal to the absorption of normal incidence on an OPV with a 100 nm thick active layer. These results, together with the expected improvement in charge extraction for ultrathin layers, suggest that "slot OPVs" can be designed with greater power conversion efficiency than today's state-of-the-art OPV architectures. C1 [Pang, Yutong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pang, Yutong; Dissanayake, Nanditha; Eisaman, Matthew D.] Sustainable Energ Technol Dept, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pang, YT (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 FU U. S Department of Energy, Sustainable Energy Technologies Department [DE-AC02-98CH 1 0886] FX We thank J. Jackson and L. Steingart for prism coupling measurements performed at Metricon Corp. This work was primarily performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and was partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Sustainable Energy Technologies Department under contract DE-AC02-98CH 1 0886. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3131 EP 3136 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803092 ER PT J AU Wohlgemuth, JH Kurtz, SR AF Wohlgemuth, John H. Kurtz, Sarah R. GP IEEE TI How Can We Make PV Modules Safer? SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy AB Safety is a prime concern for the photovoltaics (PV) industry. As a technology deployed on residential and commercial buildings, it is critical that PV not cause damage to the buildings nor harm the occupants. Many of the PV systems on buildings are of sufficiently high voltage (300 to 600 Volts dc) that they may present potential hazards. These PV systems must be safe in terms of mechanical damage (nothing falls on someone), shock hazard (no risk of electrical shock when touching an exposed circuit element), and fire (the modules neither cause nor promote a fire). The present safety standards (IEC 61730 and UL 1703) do a good job of providing for design rules and test requirements for mechanical, shock, and spread of flame dangers. However, neither standard addresses the issue of electrical arcing within a module that can cause a fire. To make PV modules, they must be designed, built, and installed with an emphasis on minimizing the potential for open circuits and ground faults. This paper provides recommendations on redundant connection designs, robust mounting methods, and changes to the safety standards to yield safer PV modules. C1 [Wohlgemuth, John H.; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wohlgemuth, JH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3162 EP 3165 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803099 ER PT J AU Dhere, RG Duenow, JN DeHart, CM Li, JV Kuciauskas, D Gessert, TA AF Dhere, Ramesh G. Duenow, Joel N. DeHart, Clay M. Li, Jian V. Kuciauskas, Darius Gessert, Timothy A. GP IEEE TI Development of Substrate Structure CdTe Photovoltaic Devices with Performance Exceeding 10% SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE CdTe; substrate structure; devices; contacts; open-circuit voltage; efficiency. ID CDS/CDTE SOLAR-CELLS AB Most work on CdTe-based solar cells has focused on devices with a superstrate structure. This focus is due to the early success of the superstrate structure in producing high-efficiency cells, problems of suitable ohmic contacts for lightly doped CdTe, and the simplicity of the structure for manufacturing. The development of the CdCl2 heat treatment boosted CdTe technology and perpetuated the use of the superstrate structure. However, despite the beneficial attributes of the superstrate structure, devices with a substrate structure are attractive both commercially and scientifically. The substrate structure eliminates the need for transparent superstrates and thus allows the use of flexible metal and possibly plastic substrates. From a scientific perspective, it allows better control in forming the junction and direct access to the junction for detailed analysis. Research on such devices has been limited. The efficiency of these devices has been limited to around 8% due to low open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and fill factor. In this paper, we present our recent device development efforts at NREL on substrate-structure CdTe devices. We have found that processing parameters required to fabricate high-efficiency substrate CdTe PV devices differ from those necessary for traditional superstrate CdTe devices. We have worked on a variety of contact materials including Cu-doped ZnTe and CUxTe. We will present a comparative analysis of the performance of these contacts. In addition, we have studied the influence of fabrication parameters on junction properties. We will present an overview of our development work, which has led to CdTe devices with V-oc values of more than 860 mV and NREL-confirmed efficiencies approaching 11%. C1 [Dhere, Ramesh G.; Duenow, Joel N.; DeHart, Clay M.; Li, Jian V.; Kuciauskas, Darius; Gessert, Timothy A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dhere, RG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3208 EP 3211 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803109 ER PT J AU Gessert, TA Burst, JM Ma, J Wei, SH Kuciauskas, D Barnes, TM Duenow, JN Young, MR Rance, WL Li, JV Dippo, P AF Gessert, T. A. Burst, J. M. Ma, J. Wei, S. -H. Kuciauskas, D. Barnes, T. M. Duenow, J. N. Young, M. R. Rance, W. L. Li, J. V. Dippo, P. GP IEEE TI Response of CdS/CdTe Devices to Te Exposure of Back Contact SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE CdTe; ZnTe; Contacts; Stoichiometry; Defects AB Theoretical predictions of thin-film CdS/CdTe photovoltaic (PV) devices have suggested performance may be improved by reducing recombination due to Te-vacancy (V-Te) or Te-interstitial (Te-i) defects. Although formation of these intrinsic defects is likely influenced by CdTe deposition parameters, it also may be coupled to formation of beneficial cadmium vacancy (V-Cd) defects. If this is true, reducing potential effects of V-Te or Te-i may be difficult without also reducing the density of V-Cd. In contrast, post-deposition processes can sometimes afford a greater degree of defect control. Here we explore a post-deposition process that appears to influence the Te-related defects in polycrystalline CdTe. Specifically, we have exposed the CdTe surface to Te prior to ZnTe: Cu/Ti contact-interface formation with the goal of reducing V-Te but without significantly reducing V-Cd. Initial results show that when this modified contact is used on a CdCl2-treated CdS/CdTe device, significantly poorer device performance results. This suggests two things: First, the amount of free-Te available during contact formation (either from chemical etching or CuTe or ZnTe deposition) may be a more important parameter to device performance than previously appreciated. Second, if processes have been used to reduce the effect of V-Te (e.g., oxygen and chlorine additions to the CdTe), adding even a small amount of Te may produce detrimental defects. C1 [Gessert, T. A.; Burst, J. M.; Ma, J.; Wei, S. -H.; Kuciauskas, D.; Barnes, T. M.; Duenow, J. N.; Young, M. R.; Rance, W. L.; Li, J. V.; Dippo, P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3212 EP 3216 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803110 ER PT J AU Barnes, TM Burst, J Reese, MO Rance, W Gessert, T Zhang, K Hamilton, CT Fuller, KM Aitken, B Williams, CK AF Barnes, Teresa M. Burst, James Reese, Matthew O. Rance, Will Gessert, Tim Zhang, Kan Hamilton, Chuck T. Fuller, Kim M. Aitken, Bruce Williams, Carlo Kosik GP IEEE TI Process Development of CdTe Solar Cells Grown at High Temperatures on Engineered Glass SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE CdTe; deposition temperature; device performance; engineered glass; high strain-point AB NREL and Corning Incorporated have collaborated on a project to investigate the effect of increasing CdTe deposition temperature on device performance. CdTe deposition temperatures are generally limited by the thermal properties of the glass superstrate. Soda-lime glass is frequently used in commercial production of CdTe, but the low strain point (similar to 515 degrees C) requires deposition temperatures of 550 degrees C or below. While the CdTe industry has enjoyed great success with material grown at these relatively low temperatures, there may be significant benefits to higher deposition temperatures enabled by a high strain point glass. To demonstrate the efficiency benefits of a CdTe cell fabricated at higher deposition temperatures, it is necessary to re-optimize the device fabrication process steps for devices made with CdTe films at each deposition temperature. Using Corning, Inc.'s new engineered high-strain-point glass superstrate, we developed a fabrication process optimized for CdTe films deposited at 550 degrees and 600 degrees C. Here, we report details of the fabrication processes that resulted in an absolute efficiency gain of 1.2% for devices fabricated with 600 degrees C CdTe deposition temperature versus 550 degrees C. C1 [Barnes, Teresa M.; Burst, James; Reese, Matthew O.; Rance, Will; Gessert, Tim] NREL, Golden, CO USA. [Zhang, Kan; Hamilton, Chuck T.; Fuller, Kim M.; Aitken, Bruce; Williams, Carlo Kosik] Corning Inc, Corning, NY USA. RP Barnes, TM (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO USA. FU DOE; NREL Core Science and Technologies activities [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Corning Incorporated FX This work was supported by the DOE SunShot Program funding of the NREL Core Science and Technologies activities under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Funding for this work was provided by Corning Incorporated. We also thank Evans Analytical Group for the SEM images. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3220 EP 3224 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803112 ER PT J AU Duenow, JN Dhere, RG Kuciauskas, D Li, JV Pankow, JW Dippo, PC DeHart, CM Gessert, TA AF Duenow, Joel N. Dhere, Ramesh G. Kuciauskas, Darius Li, Jian V. Pankow, Joel W. Dippo, Patricia C. DeHart, Clay M. Gessert, Timothy A. GP IEEE TI Oxygen Incorporation During Fabrication of Substrate CdTe Photovoltaic Devices SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic cells; cadmium compounds; current-voltage characteristics; heterojunctions; II-VI semiconductor materials; solar energy; thin film devices ID CDS/CDTE SOLAR-CELLS AB Recently, CdTe photovoltaic (PV) devices fabricated in the nonstandard substrate configuration have attracted increasing interest because of their potential compatibility with flexible substrates such as metal foils and polymer films. This compatibility could lead to the suitability of CdTe for roll-to-roll processing and building-integrated PV. Currently, however, the efficiencies of substrate CdTe devices reported in the literature are significantly lower (similar to 6%-8%) than those of high-performance superstrate devices (similar to 17%) because of significantly lower open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and fill factor (FF). In our recent device development efforts, we have found that processing parameters required to fabricate high-efficiency substrate CdTe PV devices differ from those necessary for traditional superstrate CdTe devices. Here, we investigate how oxygen incorporation in the CdTe deposition, CdCl2 heat treatment, CdS deposition, and post-deposition heat treatment affect device characteristics through their effects on the junction. By adjusting whether oxygen is incorporated during these processing steps, we have achieved V-oc values greater than 860 mV and efficiencies greater than 10%. C1 [Duenow, Joel N.; Dhere, Ramesh G.; Kuciauskas, Darius; Li, Jian V.; Pankow, Joel W.; Dippo, Patricia C.; DeHart, Clay M.; Gessert, Timothy A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Duenow, JN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3225 EP 3229 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803113 ER PT J AU Goodrich, A Woodhouse, M Hacke, P AF Goodrich, Alan Woodhouse, Michael Hacke, Peter GP IEEE TI The Value Proposition for High Lifetime (p-type) and Thin Silicon Materials in Solar PV Applications SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE monocrystalline silicon; manufacturing cost; bulk lifetime; Czochralski process AB Most silicon PV road maps forecast a continued reduction in wafer thickness, despite rapid declines in the primary incentive for doing so - polysilicon feedstock price. Another common feature of most silicon-technology forecasts is the quest for ever-higher device performance at the lowest possible costs. The authors present data from device-performance and manufacturing- and system-installation cost models to quantitatively establish the incentives for manufacturers to pursue advanced (thin) wafer and (high efficiency) cell technologies, in an age of reduced feedstock prices. This analysis exhaustively considers the value proposition for high lifetime (p-type) silicon materials across the entire c-Si PV supply chain. C1 [Goodrich, Alan; Woodhouse, Michael; Hacke, Peter] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Goodrich, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3238 EP 3241 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803116 ER PT J AU Sengupta, M Gotseff, P Myers, D Stoffel, T AF Sengupta, Manajit Gotseff, Peter Myers, Daryl Stoffel, Thomas GP IEEE TI Performance Testing using Silicon Devices - Analysis of Accuracy SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE spectral response; photdiodes; pyranometer; direct normal irradiance; global horizontal irradiance AB Accurately determining PV module performance in the field requires accurate measurements of solar irradiance reaching the PV panel (i.e., Plane-of-Array - POA Irradiance) with known measurement uncertainty. Pyranometers are commonly based on thermopile or silicon photodiode detectors. Silicon detectors, including PV reference cells, are an attractive choice for reasons that include faster time response (10 microseconds (mu s)) than thermopile detectors (1 s to 5 s) and lower cost and maintenance. The main drawback of silicon detectors is their limited spectral response. Therefore, to determine broadband POA solar irradiance, a pyranometer calibration factor that converts the narrowband response to broadband is required. Normally, this calibration factor is a single number determined under clear-sky conditions with respect to a broadband reference radiometer. The pyranometer is then used for various scenarios including varying airmass, panel orientation, and atmospheric conditions. This would not be an issue if all irradiance wavelengths that form the broadband spectrum responded uniformly to atmospheric constituents. Unfortunately, the scattering and absorption signature varies widely with wavelength and the calibration factor for the silicon photodiode pyranometer is not appropriate for other conditions. This paper reviews the issues that will arise from the use of silicon detectors for PV performance measurement in the field based on measurements from a group of pyranometers mounted on a 1-axis solar tracker. We also present a comparison of simultaneous spectral and broadband measurements from silicon and thermopile detectors and estimated measurement errors when using silicon devices for both array performance and resource assessment. C1 [Sengupta, Manajit; Gotseff, Peter; Myers, Daryl; Stoffel, Thomas] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3290 EP 3293 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803127 ER PT J AU Romero, MJ Repins, I Teeter, G Contreras, MA Al-Jassim, M Noufi, R AF Romero, Manuel J. Repins, Ingrid Teeter, Glenn Contreras, Miguel A. Al-Jassim, Mowafak Noufi, Rommel GP IEEE TI A Comparative Study of the Defect Point Physics and Luminescence of the Kesterites Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE chalcopyrite; kesterite; thin film; cathodoluminescence ID THIN-FILMS; CUINSE2; SEMICONDUCTOR; PHOTOVOLTAICS AB In this contribution, we present a comparative study of the luminescence of the kesterites Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and their related chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGSe). Luminescence spectroscopy suggests that the electronic properties of Zn-rich, Cu-poor kesterites (both CZTS and CZTSe) and Cu-poor CIGSe are dictated by fluctuations of the electrostatic and chemical potentials. The large redshift in the luminescence of grain boundaries in CIGSe, associated with the formation of a neutral barrier is clearly observed in CZTSe, and, to some extent, in CZTS. Kesterites can therefore replicate the fundamental electronic properties of CIGSe. C1 [Romero, Manuel J.; Repins, Ingrid; Teeter, Glenn; Contreras, Miguel A.; Al-Jassim, Mowafak; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3349 EP 3353 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803139 ER PT J AU Jiang, CS Li, ZG Moutinho, HR Liang, L Ionkin, A Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, C. -S. Li, Z. G. Moutinho, H. R. Liang, L. Ionkin, A. Al-Jassim, M. M. GP IEEE TI The Effect of Front-Side Silver Metallization on Underlying n(+)-p Junction in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Crystalline Si; solar cell; silver metallization; p-n junction; scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy; scanning capacitance microscopy ID MICROSCOPY; CONTACTS AB We report on the effect of front-side Ag metallization on the underlying n(+)-p junction of multicrystalline Si solar cells. The junction quality beneath the contacts was investigated by characterizing the uniformities of the electrostatic potential and doping concentration across the junction, using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and scanning capacitance microscopy. We investigated cells with a commercial Ag paste (DuPont PV159) and fired at furnace setting temperatures of 800 degrees, 840 degrees, and 930 degrees C, which results in actual cell temperatures similar to 100 degrees C lower than the setting temperature and the three cells being under-, optimal-, and over-fired. We found that the uniformity of the junction beneath the Ag contact was significantly degraded by the over-firing, whereas the junction retained good uniformity with the optimal- and under- fire temperatures. Further, Ag crystallites with widely distributed sizes from <100 nm to several mu m were found at the Ag/Si interface of the over-fired cell. Large crystallites were imaged as protrusions into Si deeper than the junction depth. However, the junction was not broken down; instead, it was reformed on the entire front of the crystaliite/Si interface. We propose a mechanism of the junction-quality degradation, based on emitter Si melting at the temperature around the Ag-Si eutectic point during firing, and subsequent recrystallization with incorporation of impurities in the Ag paste and with formation of crystallographic defects during quenching. C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Moutinho, H. R.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3365 EP 3370 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803142 ER PT J AU Marion, B AF Marion, Bill GP IEEE TI Influence of Atmospheric Variations on Photovoltaic Performance and Modeling Their Effects for Days with Clear Skies SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy AB Although variation in photovoltaic (PV) performance is predominantly influenced by clouds, performance variations also exist for days with clear skies with different amounts of atmospheric constituents that absorb and reflect different amounts of radiation as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere. The extent of the attenuation is determined by the mass of air and the amounts of water vapor, aerosols, and ozone that constitute the atmosphere for a particular day and location. Because these constituents selectively absorb radiation of particular wavelengths, their impact on PV performance is sensitive to the spectral response of the PV device. The impact may be assessed by calculating the spectral mismatch correction. This approach was validated using PV module performance data at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for summer, fall, and winter days with clear skies. The standard deviations of daily efficiencies for single-crystal Si, a-Si/a-Si/a-Si:Ge, CdTe, and CIGS PV modules were reduced to 0.4% to 1.0% (relative) by correcting for spectral mismatch, temperature, and angle-of-incidence effects. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Marion, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3402 EP 3407 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803149 ER PT J AU Burst, JM Rance, WL Barnes, TM Reese, MO Li, JV Kuciauskas, D Steiner, MA Gessert, TA Zhang, K Hamilton, CT Fuller, KM Aitken, BG Williams, CAK AF Burst, J. M. Rance, W. L. Barnes, T. M. Reese, M. O. Li, J. V. Kuciauskas, D. Steiner, M. A. Gessert, T. A. Zhang, K. Hamilton, C. T. Fuller, K. M. Aitken, B. G. Williams, C. A. Kosik GP IEEE TI The Effect of CdTe Growth Temperature and ZnTe:Cu Contacting Conditions on CdTe Device Performance SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy ID SOLAR-CELLS AB CdTe device performance is strongly dependent on the quality of the back contact and the ability of the back contact to introduce a copper doping profile in the CdTe layer itself. Copper-doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cu) is a nearly ideal contact material for CdTe solar cells due to its work function and ability to source copper to CdTe. Most of the ZnTe: Cu studies in the past used CdTe grown at relatively low deposition temperatures (550 degrees C and below). Here we investigate the use of ZnTe: Cu as a back contact for CdTe grown at temperatures up to 620 degrees C. We observe a strong interplay between the CdTe absorber deposition conditions and optimized ZnTe: Cu contacting conditions. Device JV characteristics suggest that CdTe solar cells with absorber layers deposited by close-space sublimation (CSS) at high temperature, 600-620 degrees C, are more robust to the back contact Cu doping level and contacting temperature than CdTe grown at lower temperatures. The implication for industrial processes is a similar to 1% absolute increase in device efficiency for devices in which the CdTe is deposited on PV glass at high temperature. Perhaps more importantly, this increased performance is maintained for a larger window of temperature and doping level of the ZnTe: Cu back contact. For devices with CdTe absorbers deposited at 600 degrees C, device efficiency in excess of 13.5% is maintained for back contacts containing 2-5 wt.% Cu, and for contacting temperatures ranging from 300-360 degrees C. Red-light bias quantum efficiency (QE) and capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements are used to probe the effect of the introduced copper doping profiles and net acceptor density to better understand how ZnTe: Cu sources influences the resulting CdTe device. C1 [Burst, J. M.; Rance, W. L.; Barnes, T. M.; Reese, M. O.; Li, J. V.; Kuciauskas, D.; Steiner, M. A.; Gessert, T. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Zhang, K.; Hamilton, C. T.; Fuller, K. M.; Aitken, B. G.; Williams, C. A. Kosik] Corning Inc, Corning, NY USA. RP Burst, JM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800044 ER PT J AU Chen, RY Wagner, H Dastgheib-Shirazi, A Kessler, M Zhu, ZH Altermatt, PP Dunham, ST AF Chen, Renyu Wagner, Hannes Dastgheib-Shirazi, Amir Kessler, Michael Zhu, Zihua Altermatt, Pietro P. Dunham, Scott T. GP IEEE TI Understanding Coupled Oxide Growth and Phosphorus Diffusion in POCl3 Deposition for Control of Phosphorus Emitter Diffusion SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE phosphorus emitter diffusion; phosphosilicate glass; POCl3 deposition; process modeling ID SILICON AB Effective control of diffused phosphorus profiles in crystalline silicon requires detailed understanding of the doping process. We analyze concentration profiles within the deposited phosphosilicate glass (PSG) for a range of POCl3 conditions and develop a model to account for the experimentally observed time dependence of PSG thickness and dose of phosphorus in Si. A simple linear-parabolic model cannot fully explain the kinetics of thickness and dose; while an improved growth model including oxygen dependence and dose saturation gives better fits to the experiments. We further couple the growth model with phosphorus diffusion and deactivation models in silicon and provide full modeling of the POCl3 doping process. C1 [Chen, Renyu; Dunham, Scott T.] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wagner, Hannes; Altermatt, Pietro P.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Soild State Phys, Dept Solar Energy, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Dastgheib-Shirazi, Amir] Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, Div Photovolta, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Kessler, Michael] ISFH, D-31860 Emmerthal, Germany. [Zhu, Zihua] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Environm Molecular Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, RY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Altermatt, Pietro/B-5363-2013 OI Altermatt, Pietro/0000-0002-0177-4935 FU Silicon Solar Consortium (SiSoC); EMSL; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was partially funded by support from Silicon Solar Consortium (SiSoC). A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800049 ER PT J AU Guthrey, H Johnston, S Yan, F Gorman, B Al-Jassim, M AF Guthrey, Harvey Johnston, Steve Yan, Fei Gorman, Brian Al-Jassim, Mowafak GP IEEE TI Defect Band Luminescence Intensity Reversal as Related to Application of Anti-Reflection Coating on mc-Si PV Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE defect luminescence; photoluminescence; silicon processing; silicon; silicon nitride ID SILICON SOLAR-CELLS; PASSIVATION AB Photoluminescence (PL) imaging is widely used to identify defective regions within mc-Si PV cells. Recent PL imaging investigations of defect band luminescence (DBL) in mc-Si have revealed a perplexing phenomenon. Namely, the reversal of the DBL intensity in various regions of mc-Si PV material upon the application of a SiNx:H anti-reflective coating (ARC). Regions with low DBL intensity before ARC application often exhibit high DBL intensity afterwards, and the converse is also true. PL imaging alone cannot explain this effect. We have used high resolution cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and electron beam induced current (EBIC) techniques to elucidate the origin of the DBL intensity reversal. Multiple sub-bandgap energy levels were identified that change in peak position and intensity upon the application of the ARC. Using this data, in addition to EBIC contrast information, we provide an explanation for the DBL intensity reversal based on the interaction of the detected energy levels with the SiN,: H ARC application. Multiple investigations have suggested that this is a global problem for mc-Si PV cells. Our results have the potential to provide mc-Si PV producers a pathway to increased efficiencies through defect mitigation strategies. C1 [Guthrey, Harvey; Gorman, Brian] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Guthrey, Harvey; Johnston, Steve; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yan, Fei] Current Affiliat, Appl Mat, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Guthrey, H (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800052 ER PT J AU Hambrick, J Narang, D AF Hambrick, Joshua Narang, David GP IEEE TI High-Penetration PV Deployment in the Arizona Public Service System, Phase 1 Update SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photovoltaic power systems; SCADA systems; data acquisition AB In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service and its partners have begun work on a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowledgebase needed to safely and reliably integrate high penetrations of utility- and residential-scale photovoltaics (PV). Building upon the APS Community Power Project - Flagstaff Pilot, this project will analyze the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalog the effects of the estimated 1.3 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes as well as large, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital "smart" meters are being designed and installed to facilitate monitoring and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models will be used to analyze the impacts of the PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/var control schemes. This paper continues from a paper presented at the 2011 IEEE PVSC conference that introduces the project and describes some of the preliminary consideration, as well as project plans and early results. This paper gives a status update of the project and presents selected results from Phase 2 of the project. It discusses baseline feeder modeling, load allocation, data acquisition, utility-scale PV integration, preliminary model validation, and plans for future phases. C1 [Hambrick, Joshua] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Narang, David] Arizona Publ Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Hambrick, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0004679] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0004679. The authors would like to recognize project partners Arizona State University, GE Global Research, GE Energy, and ViaSol Energy Solutions for their significant contributions to the project. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800001 ER PT J AU Horsley, K Wilks, RG Hanks, D Pookpanratana, S Blum, M Yang, W Paudel, N Compaan, A Bar, M Weinhardt, L Heske, C AF Horsley, K. Wilks, R. G. Hanks, D. Pookpanratana, S. Blum, M. Yang, W. Paudel, N. Compaan, A. Baer, M. Weinhardt, L. Heske, C. GP IEEE TI Chemical Surface and Interface Properties of Differently Stressed (Au/Cu/) CdTe/CdS Thin-film Solar Cell Structures SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE CdTe; chemical analysis; Copper compounds; interface states; photovoltaic cells; surfaces; thermal stresses ID BURIED INTERFACES AB We have investigated the surface and near-surface bulk chemical properties of differently stressed (Au/Cu/) CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells. The employed Au/Cu contact design created unique samples in which both the back contact surface/interface and the (back) surface of the CdTe absorber were exposed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and soft x-ray emission spectroscopy were employed to determine the chemical composition of the surface and near-surface bulk of both the exposed CdTe surface and the Au/Cu back contact surface of each sample. Sulfur is observed to have migrated (from the CdS) into the CdTe bulk, forming Au2S and Cu2-xS compounds under the back contact. Chlorine is found at the surface and in the near-surface bulk of both the back contact and the exposed CdTe absorber. Under the back contact, Cl is observed to form Cu-Cl bonds only in the samples that were heat stressed under AM 1.5 illumination. C1 [Horsley, K.; Hanks, D.; Pookpanratana, S.; Blum, M.; Baer, M.; Weinhardt, L.; Heske, C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Wilks, R. G.; Baer, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Engn GmbH, Solar Energy Res, 14109 Berlin, Germany. [Blum, M.; Yang, W.] ALS, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Paudel, N.; Compaan, A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Baer, M.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Inst Phys & Chem, 03046 Cottbus, Germany. [Weinhardt, L.; Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Synchrotron Radiat, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Chem Technol & Polymer Chem, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Horsley, K (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063 FU DOE-SAI University; University of Toledo [VH-NG-423]; Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC0205CH11231] FX Funding for this project was provided by the DOE-SAI University Photovoltaic Process and Product Development program through the University of Toledo. R.G. Wilks and M. Bar are grateful to the Helmholtz-Association (VH-NG-423) for funding support. The ALS is supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Contract No. DEAC0205CH11231. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 AR UNSP 000400 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800089 ER PT J AU Hsu, WC Repins, I Beall, C Teeter, G DeHart, C To, B Yang, Y Noufi, R AF Hsu, Wan-Ching Repins, Ingrid Beall, Carolyn Teeter, Glenn DeHart, Clay To, Bobby Yang, Yang Noufi, Rommel GP IEEE TI Growth Kinetics during Kesterite Coevaporation SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Thin film; CZTS; kesterite; coevaporation; solar cells ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY; FILMS AB Kesterite solar cells have been considered as earth-abundant substitute to chalcopyrites. NREL's 9.2% co-evaporated kesterite solar cell is inspired by the copper-rich growth of co-evaporated chalcopyrites. The excess CuxSey is believed to conduct liquid-phase assisted grain growth and hence improves the device performance. The effect of the deposition sequence on film growth, morphology, and device performance, are explored in this study. At high deposition temperature, the expected binary precursors of Cu2ZnSnSe4 include CuxSey and ZnSe but not SnSex. Because SnSex is volatile, the sticking of Sn occurs only if the adsorbed Sn encounters CuxSey and ZnSe and the formation of kesterite takes place. Otherwise, SnSex will be re-evaporated. Here we designed deposition recipes to create precursor films with different ratio between ZnSe/CuxSey/as-formed kesterite in the first stage, and end the deposition with the same end-point composition. First, it is of interest if the existence of CuxSey phase provides the opportunity of grain growth analogous to co-evaporating CIGS. Second, by observing the evolution of the substrate temperature during deposition, the reaction progression may be better realized. Third, this series of depositions with different sequence also tells us the saturated Zn level relative to Cu and Sn, and where the excess portion of Zn stays in the film. Finally, the device performance above 9% is briefly presented C1 [Hsu, Wan-Ching; Yang, Yang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Repins, Ingrid; Beall, Carolyn; Teeter, Glenn; To, Bobby; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hsu, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800144 ER PT J AU Johnston, S Yan, F Zaunbrecher, K Al-Jassim, M Sidelkheir, O Ounadjela, K AF Johnston, Steve Yan, Fei Zaunbrecher, Katherine Al-Jassim, Mowafak Sidelkheir, Omar Ounadjela, Kamel GP IEEE TI Quality Characterization of Silicon Bricks using Photoluminescence Imaging and Photoconductive Decay SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE photoluminescence; imaging; infrared imaging; charge-carrier lifetime; photoconductivity; photovoltaic cells; silicon; impurities ID CONTACTLESS MEASUREMENT; LIFETIME AB Imaging techniques can be applied to multicrystalline silicon solar cells throughout the production process, which includes as early as when the bricks are cut from the cast ingot. Photoluminescence (PL) imaging of the band-to-band radiative recombination is used to characterize silicon quality and defects regions within the brick. PL images of the brick surfaces are compared to minority-carrier lifetimes measured by resonant-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD). RCPCD is a transient photoconductive decay technique that monitors the recombination of excess carriers using a frequency of about 420 MHz. Carriers are excited by nanosecond laser pulses of long-wavelength light in the range of 1150 nm. The low frequency and long penetration depth of light promote measurement of carriers away from the surface such that lifetimes of up to 100 mu s are measured in upgraded-metallurgical-grade silicon, and up to 200 mu s in electronic-grade silicon bricks. PL intensity shows correlation to lifetime in addition to the valuable spatial information from top to bottom of the brick and defect regions throughout the brick. C1 [Johnston, Steve; Yan, Fei; Zaunbrecher, Katherine; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zaunbrecher, Katherine] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sidelkheir, Omar; Ounadjela, Kamel] Calisolar, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and with support from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 AR UNSP 000406 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800090 ER PT J AU Lofaro, R Villaran, M Colli, A AF Lofaro, Robert Villaran, Michael Colli, Alessandra GP IEEE TI Advancing the Deployment of Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plants in the Northeast SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Grid integration; utility-scale photovoltaic; monitoring; performance; reliability; deployment AB As one of the premier research laboratories operated by the Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is pursuing an energy research agenda that focuses on renewable energy systems and will help to secure the nation's energy security. A key element of the BNL research is the advancement of grid-connected utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) plants, particularly in the northeastern part of the country where BNL is located. While a great deal of information has been generated regarding solar PV systems located in mostly sunny, hot, arid climates of the southwest US, very little data is available to characterize the performance of these systems in the cool, humid, frequently overcast climates experienced in the northeastern portion of the country. Recognizing that there is both a need and a market for solar PV generation in the northeast, BNL is pursuing research that will advance the deployment of this important renewable energy resource. BNL's research will leverage access to unique time-resolved data sets from the 37MWp solar array recently developed on its campus. In addition, BNL is developing a separate 1MWp solar research array on its campus that will allow field testing of new PV system technologies, including solar modules and balance of plant equipment, such as inverters, energy storage devices, and control platforms. These research capabilities will form the cornerstone of the new Northeast Solar Energy Research Center (NSERC) being developed at BNL. In this paper, an overview of BNL's energy research agenda is given, along with a description of the 37MWp solar array and the NSERC. C1 [Lofaro, Robert; Villaran, Michael; Colli, Alessandra] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lofaro, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800130 ER PT J AU McCuskey, T Nelson, BP AF McCuskey, Troy Nelson, Brent P. GP IEEE TI Managing EHS of PV-Related Equipment at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Environment, safety, and health (ESH); NREL; management; codes; standards; hazardous production materials; operations AB Managing environment, health, and safety (EHS) risks at a national laboratory, or university, can be intimidating to a researcher who is focused on research results. Laboratory research and development (R&D) operations are often driven by scientists with limited engineering support and lack well-refined equipment development resources. To add to the burden for a researcher, there is a plethora of codes, standards, and regulations that govern the safe installation and operation of photovoltaic-related R&D equipment-especially those involving hazardous production materials. To help guide the researcher through the vast list of requirements, the EHS office at NREL has taken a variety of steps. Organizationally, the office has developed hazard-specific laboratory-level procedures to govern particular activities. These procedures are a distillation of appropriate international codes, fire agencies, SEMI standards, U.S. Department of Energy orders, and other industry standards to those necessary and sufficient to govern the safe operation of a given activity. The EHS office works proactively with researchers after a concept for a new R&D capability is conceived to help guide the safe design, acquisition, installation, and operation of the equipment. It starts with a safety assessment at the early stages such that requirements are implemented to determine the level of risk and degree of complexity presented by the activity so appropriate controls can be put in place to manage the risk. As the equipment requirements and design are refined, appropriate equipment standards are applied. Before the "to-build" specifications are finalized, a process hazard analysis is performed to ensure that no single-point failure presents an unacceptable risk. Finally, as the tool goes through construction and installation stages, reviews are performed at logical times to ensure that the requisite engineering controls and design are in place and operational. Authorization to operate is not given until adherence to these requirements is fully verified and documented. Operations continue under the conditions defined through this process and are reviewed with changing processes. C1 [McCuskey, Troy; Nelson, Brent P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McCuskey, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800135 ER PT J AU Muller, M Marion, B Rodriguez, J AF Muller, Matthew Marion, Bill Rodriguez, Jose GP IEEE TI Evaluating the IEC 61215 Ed.3 NMOT Procedure Against the Existing NOCT Procedure with PV Modules in a Side-by-Side Configuration SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Nominal operating cell temperature; module temperature; PV temperature modeling; IEC ID OPERATING TEMPERATURE; PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES AB Nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) is a simple parameter to distinguish the thermal performance of one PV module design from another. Recently, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) participated in NOCT round-robin testing designed to quantify the reproducibility of NOCT values between eight different test laboratories. This work expands on the round-robin testing by further examining NOCT results produced at NREL. Heat transfer modeling suggests that similarly constructed/packaged modules should not have the widely varying NOCT values that are publicly reported. In order to test this premise, a side-by-side NOCT comparison is presented for three glass/silicon/plastic modules that represent the extreme range of reported NOCT values. A glass/silicon/glass module is also included in the side-by-side comparison to gauge the impact of changing a packaging parameter. Working group 2 of the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 82 has recently drafted a replacement for NOCT that is titled "Nominal Module Operating Temperature" (NMOT). With this change in progress, NREL data are also used to compare NOCT to NMOT. C1 [Muller, Matthew; Marion, Bill; Rodriguez, Jose] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800150 ER PT J AU Quiroz, J Reno, M AF Quiroz, Jimmy Reno, Matthew GP IEEE TI Detailed Grid Integration Analysis of Distributed PV SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE distributed power generation; photovoltaic systems; power distribution; power system interconnection; power system modeling; power system planning; power system simulation; solar power generation AB This paper shows examples of detailed PV grid integration analysis performed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) on two separate distribution feeders with two different simulated PV deployments for each. Through the use of advanced modeling tools and techniques, examples of time-series detailed feeder modeling are presented. Feeders in Utah and Georgia with simulated 100% PV penetration, either central or distributed, were studied. The analysis approach of each deployment type and location on the feeder is described, as well as the use of advanced PV output estimations for modeling maximum solar variability. Comparisons of the performance measured for each feeder, including maximum steady-state voltage and voltage regulation equipment operations, are shown. Impact results from the analyses are described, as well as any potential mitigations. Future analysis aspects are discussed in relation to the detailed study findings thus far. C1 [Quiroz, Jimmy] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Reno, Matthew] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Quiroz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Portions of this study were performed in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800128 ER PT J AU Sengupta, M Keller, J AF Sengupta, Manajit Keller, Jamie GP IEEE TI PV Ramping in a Distributed Generation Environment: A Study Using Solar Measurements SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE distributed generation; solar irradiance; PV variability; ramp rates AB Variability in Photovoltaic (PV) generation resulting from variability in the solar radiation over the PV arrays is a topic of continuing concern for those involved with integrating renewables onto existing electrical grids. The island of Lanai, Hawaii is an extreme example of the challenges that integrators will face due to the fact that it is a small standalone grid. One way to study this problem is to take high-resolution solar measurements in multiple locations and model simultaneous PV production for various sizes at those locations. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) collected high-resolution solar data at four locations on the island where proposed PV plants will be deployed in the near future (Fig. 1). This data set provides unique insight into how the solar radiation may vary between points that are proximal in distance, but diverse in weather, due to the formation of orographic clouds in the center of the island. Using information about each proposed PV plant size, power output was created at high resolution. The team analyzed this output to understand power production ramps at individual locations and the effects of aggregating the production from all four locations. Hawaii is a unique environment, with extremely variable events occurring on a daily basis. This study provided an excellent opportunity for understanding potential worst-case scenarios for PV ramping. This paper provides an introduction to the datasets that NREL collected over a year and a comprehensive analysis of PV variability in a distributed generation scenario. C1 [Sengupta, Manajit; Keller, Jamie] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800126 ER PT J AU Tanaka, T Mochinaga, T Saito, K Guo, Q Nishio, M Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Tanaka, T. Mochinaga, T. Saito, K. Guo, Q. Nishio, M. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. GP IEEE TI Synthesis and Optical Properties of ZnTe1-xOx Highly Mismatched Alloys for Intermediate Band Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE highly mismatched alloys; ZnTeO; intermediate band solar cells ID EFFICIENCY AB Highly mismatched ZnTe1-xOx (ZnTeO) alloys have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that a single-phase ZnTeO layer were grown with a substitutional 0 composition x up to 1.34% on ZnTe(001) substrate in this experiments. Optical transitions associated with the lower (K) and upper (E+) conduction subbands resulting from the anticrossing interaction between the localized 0 states and the extended conduction states of ZnTe were clearly observed, and the dependence of the energy position of these bands on the 0 composition was consistent with the band anticrossing model. T he photovoltaic activities of solar cells using ZnTeO layers are also reported. C1 [Tanaka, T.; Mochinaga, T.; Saito, K.; Guo, Q.; Nishio, M.] Saga Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Saga 8408502, Japan. [Tanaka, T.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan. [Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tanaka, T (reprint author), Saga Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Saga 8408502, Japan. FU JST PRESTO program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CHl1231] FX This work is partially supported by the JST PRESTO program. Work performed at LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CHl1231. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800025 ER PT J AU Wei, SH Xu, Q Huang, B Zhao, YF Yan, YF Noufi, R AF Wei, Su-Huai Xu, Qiang Huang, Bing Zhao, Yufeng Yan, Yanfa Noufi, Rommel GP IEEE TI Stability and Electronic Structures of CuxS Solar Cell Absorbers SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE CuxS; stability; band structure; absorber; first-principles method; chalcocite; anilite; Cu vacancies AB CuxS is one of the most promising solar cell absorber materials that has the potential to replace the leading thin-film solar cell material Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 for high efficiency and low cost. In the past, solar cells based on CuxS have reached efficiency as high as 10%, but it also suffers serious stability issues. To further improve its efficiency and especially the stability, it is important to understand the stability and electronic structure of CuxS. However, due to the complexity of their crystal structures, no systematic theoretical studies have been carried out to understand the stability and electronic structure of the CuxS systems. In this work, using first-principles method, we have systematically studied the crystal and electronic band structures of CuxS (1.25 < x <= 2). For Cu2S, we find that all the three chalcocite phases, i.e., the low-chalcocite, the high-chalcocite, and the cubic-chalcocite phases, have direct bandgaps around 1.3-1.5 eV, with the low-chalcocite being the most stable one. However, Cu vacancies can form spontaneously in these compounds, causing instability of Cu2S. We find that under Cu-rich condition, the anilite Cu1.75S is the most stable structure. It has a predicted bandgap of 1.4 eV and could be a promising solar cell absorber. C1 [Wei, Su-Huai; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Bing; Zhao, Yufeng; Yan, Yanfa; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Huang, Bing/D-8941-2011 OI Huang, Bing/0000-0001-6735-4637 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800027 ER PT J AU Yuan, HC Oh, J Zhang, YC Kuznetsov, OA Flood, DJ Branz, HM AF Yuan, Hao-Chih Oh, Jihun Zhang, Yuanchang Kuznetsov, Oleg A. Flood, Dennis J. Branz, Howard M. GP IEEE TI Antireflection and SiO2 Surface Passivation by Liquid-Phase Chemistry for Efficient Black Silicon Solar Cells SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE black silicon; metal-assisted porous silicon etching; antireflection; liquid-phase deposition; surface passivation; photovoltaic cells AB We report solar cells with both black Si antireflection and SiO2 surface passivation provided by inexpensive liquid-phase chemistry, rather than by conventional vacuum-based techniques. The best cell efficiency from our first efforts was 16.4 %. Nanoporous black Si antireflection on crystalline Si by aqueous etching promises low surface reflection for high photon utilization, together with lower manufacturing cost compared to vacuum-based antireflection coating. Ag-nanoparticle-assisted black Si etching and post-etching chemical treatment recently developed at NREL enables excellent control over the pore diameter and pore separation. Performance of black Si solar cells, including open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and blue response, has benefited from these improvements. Prior to this study, our black Si solar cells were all passivated by thermal SiO2 produced in a tube furnace. Although this passivation is effective, it is not ideal for ultra-low-cost manufacturing. In this study, we report, for the first time, the integration of black Si with a proprietary liquid-phase deposition (LPD) passivation from Natcore Technology. The Natcore LPD forms a layer of < 10-nm SiO2 on top of the black Si surface in a relatively mild chemical bath at room temperature. We demonstrate black Si solar cells with LPD SiO2 with a spectrum-weighted average reflection lower than 5 %, similar to the more costly thermally grown SiO2 approach. However, LPD SiO2 provides somewhat better surface-passivation quality according to the lifetime analysis by the photo-conductivity decay measurement. Moreover, black Si solar cells with LPD SiO2 passivation exhibit higher spectral response at short wavelength compared to those passivated by thermally grown SiO2. With further optimization, the combination of aqueous black Si etching and LPD could provide a pathway for low-cost, high-efficiency crystalline Si solar cells. C1 [Yuan, Hao-Chih; Oh, Jihun; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhang, Yuanchang; Kuznetsov, Oleg A.; Flood, Dennis J.] Natcore Technol, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. RP Yuan, HC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Crosscutting Technologies FX We thank NREL scientist Anna Duda for metal deposition, and Dr. Fatima Toor and Matthew R. Page of NREL for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by a DOE American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Crosscutting Technologies grant. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917800147 ER PT S AU Weber, AZ Balasubramanian, S Das, PK AF Weber, Adam Z. Balasubramanian, Sivagaminathan Das, Prodip K. BE Sundmacher, K TI Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING: FUEL CELL ENGINEERING, VOL 41 SE Advances in Chemical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROGEN OXIDATION; KINETIC-EQUATION; WATER TRANSPORT; CATALYST LAYERS; DIFFUSION-MEDIA; SURFACE-AREA AB Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are promising devices for a variety of energy-conversion technologies. However, they have limited market penetration due to their high cost, which stems from the need to balance durability, performance, and materials. To understand and quantify these complex interactions, detailed mathematical modeling of the underlying physical phenomena is an ideal tool to describe the multiphysics. Similarly, to control the overall operation of the cell requires detailed mathematical models. In this chapter, we describe how one can model the dominant interactions and phenomena within a cell. These interactions involve several simultaneous processes including ionic resistance, gas- and liquid-phase transport, and catalytic reactions. To design and control fuel cells for efficient operation, an understanding of the interdependence of these processes across the layers of diffusion media, catalyst, and membrane is necessary, and the phenomena within each layer will be described in this chapter. In addition, current issues in the modeling of fuel cells including optimization of transport phenomena and multiphase flow, durability, and electrode structure will be introduced. The mathematical techniques and descriptions discussed in this chapter will aid scientists and engineers in understanding and designing fuel cells for various operating scenarios. C1 [Weber, Adam Z.; Balasubramanian, Sivagaminathan; Das, Prodip K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, AZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azweber@lbl.gov OI Balasubramanian, Sivagaminathan/0000-0001-7509-2630; Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624; Das, Prodip/0000-0001-9096-3721 NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2377 BN 978-0-12-386875-6 J9 ADV CHEM ENG PY 2012 VL 41 BP 65 EP 143 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386874-9.00003-8 PG 79 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BCP85 UT WOS:000310980600003 ER PT J AU Verevkin, SP Zaitsau, DH Emel'yanenko, VN Ralys, RV Schick, C Geppert-Rybczynska, M Jayaraman, S Maginn, EJ AF Verevkin, Sergey P. Zaitsau, Dzmitry H. Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N. Ralys, Ricardas V. Schick, Christoph Geppert-Rybczynska, Monika Jayaraman, Saivenkataraman Maginn, Edward J. TI Benchmark Values: Thermochemistry of the Ionic Liquid [C4Py][Cl] SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; CALORIMETRY AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for the determination of the reaction enthalpy of the synthesis of the ionic liquid [C4Py][Cl] from pyridine and butyl chloride. A combination of DSC results with quantum chemical calculations presents an indirect technique to obtain enthalpy of vaporization of [C4Py][Cl]. In order to ascertain this indirect value, we used thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to derive enthalpy of vaporization directly from the isothermal mass-loss measurements. This new procedure was additionally validated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. C1 [Verevkin, Sergey P.; Zaitsau, Dzmitry H.; Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.; Ralys, Ricardas V.] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Verevkin, Sergey P.; Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Fac Interdisciplinary Res, Dept Life Light & Matter, D-2500 Rostock 1, Germany. [Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. [Geppert-Rybczynska, Monika] Univ Silesia, Inst Chem, PL-40006 Katowice, Poland. [Jayaraman, Saivenkataraman] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Maginn, Edward J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. EM sergey.verevkin@uni-rostock.de RI Maginn, Edward/F-7584-2014; Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009; Zaitsau, Dzmitry/E-5874-2016 OI Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491; FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1191]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award [FA9550-10-1-0244] FX This work has been supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) in the frame of the priority program SPP 1191 'Ionic Liquids'. Additional support was provided by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award FA9550-10-1-0244. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1487 EP 1490 DI 10.1071/CH12314 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 040YG UT WOS:000311362100004 ER PT J AU Babrauskas, V Lucas, D Eisenberg, D Singla, V Dedeo, M Blum, A AF Babrauskas, Vytenis Lucas, Donald Eisenberg, David Singla, Veena Dedeo, Michel Blum, Arlene TI Flame retardants in building insulation: a case for re-evaluating building codes SO BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE building codes; fire safety; flame retardants; flammability; insulation; public health; Steiner Tunnel; thermal barrier; toxicity ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; HOUSE-DUST; EXPOSURE; FIREFIGHTERS; TOXICITY; PBDES; SERUM; FATE; FLAMMABILITY; PLASTICIZERS AB US building codes balance the consideration of hazards to public safety, health and general welfare. Current codes require foam plastic insulation materials to have both protection by a thermal barrier and compliance with Steiner Tunnel test requirements. The Steiner Tunnel test is met by adding flame-retardant chemicals to the foam. Studies demonstrate that the Steiner Tunnel test does not give reliable fire safety results for foam plastic insulations. Foams that meet the Steiner Tunnel test still pose a fire hazard if used without a code-mandated thermal barrier. Insulations protected by a thermal barrier are fire safe and the use of flame retardants does not provide any additional benefit. Evidence is examined of the health and ecological impacts from the added flame-retardant chemicals. Changing the building codes could prevent health and environmental harm from the toxicity of these substances without a reduction in fire safety. Plastic foam insulations that are protected by a thermal barrier should be exempted from the Steiner Tunnel test and the need to use flame retardants. This change would align US codes with code regulations in Sweden and Norway and ensure the fire safety as well as improve health and environmental impacts. C1 [Babrauskas, Vytenis] Fire Sci & Technol Inc, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. [Lucas, Donald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisenberg, David] Dev Ctr Appropriate Technol, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Singla, Veena; Dedeo, Michel; Blum, Arlene] Green Sci Policy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Blum, Arlene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Babrauskas, V (reprint author), Fire Sci & Technol Inc, 9000-300th Pl SE, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. EM vytob@doctorfire.com; d_lucas@lbl.gov; strawnet@gmail.com; veena@greensciencepolicy.org; michel@greensciencepolicy.org; arlene@greensciencepolicy.org FU Wallace Genetics Foundation; New York Community Trust; Fred Gellert Family Foundation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P42ES004705] FX The authors thank Roland Weber, Laura Bartels, Mark Levine and Katie McKinstry for their important contributions. This work was supported in part by funding from Art Rosenfeld, Dan Emmett, Stephen Silberstein, the Wallace Genetics Foundation, the New York Community Trust and the Fred Gellert Family Foundation. Donald Lucas was supported by Award Number P42ES004705 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS or National Institutes of Health (NIH). NR 105 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0961-3218 J9 BUILD RES INF JI Build. Res. Informat. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 6 BP 738 EP 755 DI 10.1080/09613218.2012.744533 PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 043OX UT WOS:000311555000008 ER PT J AU Li, G Liu, C Lei, Y Jin, RC AF Li, Gao Liu, Chao Lei, Yu Jin, Rongchao TI Au-25 nanocluster-catalyzed Ullmann-type homocoupling reaction of aryl iodides SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; C-C; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PHENYLBORONIC ACID; BOND FORMATION; CONVERSION; STABILITY; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION AB The Au-25(SR)(18)/CeO2 nanocluster catalyst showed high activity in the homocoupling of aryl iodides (e.g. up to 99.8% yield with iodobenzene) and excellent recyclability. C1 [Li, Gao; Liu, Chao; Jin, Rongchao] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lei, Yu] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jin, RC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM rongchao@andrew.cmu.edu RI Li, Gao/C-7527-2013; OI Lei, Yu/0000-0002-4161-5568 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award [FA9550-11-1-9999, FA9550-11-1-0147]; NSF [CHE-0130903] FX This work is financially support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award No. FA9550-11-1-9999 (FA9550-11-1-0147). NMR instrumentation at CMU is partially supported by NSF (CHE-0130903). NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 88 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 98 BP 12005 EP 12007 DI 10.1039/c2cc34765b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 039ZG UT WOS:000311287100024 PM 23128357 ER PT J AU Wei, ZH Sun, JM Li, Y Datye, AK Wang, Y AF Wei, Zhehao Sun, Junming Li, Yan Datye, Abhaya K. Wang, Yong TI Bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen generation SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PREFERENTIAL CO OXIDATION; BIOMASS-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS; PLATINUM-RHENIUM CATALYSTS; CARBON-SUPPORTED PLATINUM; GAS SHIFT CATALYSTS; NI CATALYSTS; PT-RE; H-2-RICH STREAM; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL AB Research interest in bimetallic catalysts is mainly due to their tunable chemical/physical properties by a number of parameters like composition and morphostructure. In catalysis, numerous bimetallic catalysts have been shown to exhibit unique properties which are distinct from those of their monometallic counterparts. To meet the growing energy demand while mitigating the environmental concerns, numerous endeavors have been made to seek green and sustainable energy resources, among which hydrogen has been identified as the most promising one with bimetallic catalysts playing important roles. This tutorial review intends to summarize recent progress in bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen production, specifically focusing on that of reforming technologies as well as the relevant processes like water-gas shift (WGS) and CO preferential oxidation (PROX), and emphasizing on the fundamental understanding of the nature of catalytic sites responsible for generating high purity hydrogen and minimizing carbon monoxide formation. Meanwhile, some important synthesis and characterization methods of bimetallic catalysts developed so far are also summarized. C1 [Wei, Zhehao; Sun, Junming; Li, Yan; Wang, Yong] Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Datye, Abhaya K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Datye, Abhaya K.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Sun, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Junming.sun@wsu.edu; Yong.Wang@pnnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Sun, Junming/B-3019-2011; Wei, Zhehao/L-2801-2013; OI Sun, Junming/0000-0002-0071-9635; Wei, Zhehao/0000-0002-9670-4752; Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences FX We acknowledge the financial support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. NR 88 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 19 U2 289 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 24 BP 7994 EP 8008 DI 10.1039/c2cs35201j PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 039XG UT WOS:000311280800003 PM 23011345 ER PT J AU Gao, F Goodman, DW AF Gao, Feng Goodman, D. Wayne TI Pd-Au bimetallic catalysts: understanding alloy effects from planar models and (supported) nanoparticles SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID VINYL-ACETATE SYNTHESIS; NEAR-ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES; GOLD-PALLADIUM CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SURFACE ALLOYS; CO OXIDATION; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; CROTYL ALCOHOL; IN-SITU; ADSORPTION AB Pd-Au bimetallic catalysts often display enhanced catalytic activities and selectivities compared with Pd-alone catalysts. This enhancement is often caused by two alloy effects, i.e., ensemble and ligand effects. The ensemble effect is a dilution of surface Pd by Au. With increasing surface Au coverage, contiguous Pd ensembles disappear and isolated Pd ensembles form. For certain reactions, for example vinyl acetate synthesis, this effect is responsible for reaction rate enhancement via the formation of highly active surface sites, e. g., isolated Pd pairs. The disappearance of contiguous Pd ensembles also switches off side reactions catalyzed by these sites. This explains the selectivity increase of certain reactions, for example direct H2O2 synthesis. The ligand effects are electronic perturbation of Pd by Au. Via direct charge transfer or by affecting bond lengths, the ligand effects cause the Pd d band to be more filled, moving the d-band center away from the Fermi level. Both changes make Pd more "atomic like" therefore binding reactants and products more weakly. For certain reactions, this eliminates a so-called "self-poisoning" effect and enhances activity/selectivity. C1 [Gao, Feng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Goodman, D. Wayne] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM feng.gao@pnnl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Robert A. Welch foundation [A-300] FX F.G. and D. W. G. gratefully acknowledge the support for this work by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, and the Robert A. Welch foundation (A-300). F. G. also thanks Dr C. H. F. Peden (PNNL) for fruitful suggestions. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 60 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 34 U2 312 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8009 EP 8020 DI 10.1039/c2cs35160a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 039XG UT WOS:000311280800004 PM 22824870 ER PT J AU Alonso, DM Wettstein, SG Dumesic, JA AF Alonso, David Martin Wettstein, Stephanie G. Dumesic, James A. TI Bimetallic catalysts for upgrading of biomass to fuels and chemicals SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID WATER-GAS SHIFT; AMORPHOUS ALLOY CATALYSTS; LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; SUPPORTED PALLADIUM CATALYSTS; AEROBIC GLUCOSE-OXIDATION; PT-SN CATALYSTS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; GLYCEROL HYDROGENOLYSIS; GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE AB Research interest in biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals has increased significantly in the last decade as the necessity for a renewable source of carbon has become more evident. Accordingly, many different reactions and processes to convert biomass into high-value products and fuels have been proposed in the literature. Special attention has been given to the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, which does not compete with food sources and is widely available as a low cost feedstock. In this review, we start with a brief introduction on lignocellulose and the different chemical structures of its components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These three components allow for the production of different chemicals after fractionation. After a brief overview of the main reactions involved in biomass conversion, we focus on those where bimetallic catalysts are playing an important role. Although the reactions are similar for cellulose and hemicellulose, which contain C-6 and C-5 sugars, respectively, different products are obtained, and therefore, they have been reviewed separately. The third major fraction of lignocellulose that we address is lignin, which has significant challenges to overcome, as its structure makes catalytic processing more challenging. Bimetallic catalysts offer the possibility of enabling lignocellulosic processing to become a larger part of the biofuels and renewable chemical industry. This review summarizes recent results published in the literature for biomass upgrading reactions using bimetallic catalysts. C1 [Alonso, David Martin; Wettstein, Stephanie G.; Dumesic, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wettstein, Stephanie G.; Dumesic, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dumesic, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dumesic@engr.wisc.edu FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Surf-cat: Catalysts for Production of JP-8 range molecules from Lignocellulosic Biomass) FX This work was funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). In addition, this work was supported through funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Surf-cat: Catalysts for Production of JP-8 range molecules from Lignocellulosic Biomass). The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 235 TC 308 Z9 313 U1 76 U2 735 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8075 EP 8098 DI 10.1039/c2cs35188a PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 039XG UT WOS:000311280800009 PM 22872312 ER PT J AU Saito, T Brown, RH Hunt, MA Pickel, DL Pickel, JM Messman, JM Baker, FS Keller, M Naskar, AK AF Saito, Tomonori Brown, Rebecca H. Hunt, Marcus A. Pickel, Deanna L. Pickel, Joseph M. Messman, Jamie M. Baker, Frederick S. Keller, Martin Naskar, Amit K. TI Turning renewable resources into value-added polymer: development of lignin-based thermoplastic SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; POLYURETHANE FILM PROPERTIES; STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; FRACTIONATED ORGANOSOLV LIGNINS; ENGINEERING PLASTICS; MULTIPHASE MATERIALS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ALCELL(R) LIGNIN; HYDROXYPROPYL LIGNIN; KRAFT LIGNIN AB Productive uses of lignin, the third most abundant natural polymer, have been sought for decades. One especially attractive possibility is that of developing value-added products including thermoplastics based on lignin. This possibility warrants special attention due to growth of the modern biofuel industries. However, the polydisperse molecular weight and hyper-branched structure of lignin has hindered the creation of high-performance biopolymers. Here, we report the preparation and characterization of novel lignin-based, partially carbon-neutral thermoplastics. We first altered the molecular weight of lignin, either by fractionation with methanol, or by formaldehyde crosslinking. Crosslinking of lignin increases the molecular weight, exhibiting M-n = 31000 g mol(-1), whereas that of as-received lignin is 1840 g mol(-1). Tuning the molecular weight of lignin enabled successful preparation of novel lignin-derived thermoplastics, when coupled with telechelic polybutadiene soft-segments at proper feed ratios. Characteristic to thermoplastic rubbers, free-standing films of the resulting copolymers exhibit two-phase morphology and associated relaxations in the dynamic mechanical loss spectrum. To the best of our knowledge this article is the first report to demonstrate phase immiscibility, melt-processibility, and biphasic morphology of soft and hard segments in a lignin-based copolymer for all feed ratios of two macromolecular components. The use of higher molecular weight lignin enhanced the resulting shear modulus due to efficient network formation of telechelic polybutadiene bridges. The storage modulus in the rubbery plateau region increased with increasing lignin content. The successful synthesis of novel lignin-based thermoplastics will open a new pathway to biomass utilization and will help conserve petrochemicals. C1 [Saito, Tomonori; Brown, Rebecca H.; Hunt, Marcus A.; Naskar, Amit K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pickel, Deanna L.; Pickel, Joseph M.; Messman, Jamie M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Baker, Frederick S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Carbon Mat Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Keller, Martin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BESC BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Saito, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM naskarak@ornl.gov RI Saito, Tomonori/M-1735-2016; OI Saito, Tomonori/0000-0002-4536-7530; Pickel, Joseph/0000-0001-9828-1565 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. Part of the polymer characterization works were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank Drs Ewellyn A. Capanema and Kelby B. Cassity for their advice into experimental procedures. NR 77 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 9 U2 129 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3295 EP 3303 DI 10.1039/c2gc35933b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 041PH UT WOS:000311413200011 ER PT J AU Jackson, P Beste, A Attalla, MI AF Jackson, P. Beste, A. Attalla, M. I. TI CO2 capture in aqueous ammonia solutions: a computational chemistry perspective SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER-CONTINUUM MODEL; SOLVATION FREE-ENERGIES; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THEORETICAL CALCULATION; POSTCOMBUSTION CAPTURE; CARBAMIC ACID; KINETICS; ABSORPTION; MECHANISM AB Twenty-five transition structures (TS's) for CO2 fixation by up to four base molecules (ammonia or ammonia + water) were located using M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p). All lead to either carbamate (NH2CO2-) or bicarbonate (HCO3-) products. Single-point energies at CCSD(T)/maug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) were added to SM8/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) energies to obtain best-estimate aqueous activation energies. All theories agree that: (i) NH2CO2- formation has a lower free energy of activation (best est. 44-45 kJ mol(-1)) than HCO3- formation (best est. 86 kJ mol(-1)), and (ii) free energies of activation for CO2 fixation are lowered when an ammonia molecule accepts the proton from the nucleophilic base. The theory also supports a key role for ammonium ions in the observed decomposition of NH2CO2- near pH 9. C1 [Jackson, P.; Attalla, M. I.] CSIRO Energy Technol, Coal Portfolio, Mayfield W, NSW 2304, Australia. [Beste, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Chem Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Attalla, MI (reprint author), CSIRO Energy Technol, Coal Portfolio, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield W, NSW 2304, Australia. EM moetaz.attalla@csiro.au OI Jackson, Phil/0000-0002-6073-9339; Beste, Ariana/0000-0001-9132-792X FU Coal Portfolio FX Financial support from the Coal Portfolio is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also wish to thank the Computational and Simulation Sciences Transformed Capability Platform (CSS-TCP) c/- Dr John Taylor, Centre for Mathematical and Information Sciences (CMIS, CSIRO) for supporting reciprocal laboratory visits, and the NCI Facility (Canberra, Australia) for a generous allocation of computer time. The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the Commonwealth, and the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for any information or advice contained therein. PJ dedicates this paper to the life and work of Detlef Schroder (June 1963-August 2012). NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 47 BP 16301 EP 16311 DI 10.1039/c2cp43459h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 038FX UT WOS:000311161700017 PM 23132174 ER PT J AU Du, Q Gunzburger, M Lehoucq, RB Zhou, K AF Du, Qiang Gunzburger, Max Lehoucq, R. B. Zhou, Kun TI Analysis and Approximation of Nonlocal Diffusion Problems with Volume Constraints SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Review DE nonlocal diffusion; nonlocal operator; fractional Laplacian; fractional operator; fractional Sobolev spaces; vector calculus; anomalous diffusion; superdiffusion; finite element methods; nonlocal heat conduction; peridynamics ID FRACTIONAL ADVECTION-DISPERSION; SYMMETRIC JUMP-PROCESSES; BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; LONG-RANGE FORCES; VECTOR CALCULUS; SOBOLEV SPACES; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT; OPERATORS; DYNAMICS AB A recently developed nonlocal vector calculus is exploited to provide a variational analysis for a general class of nonlocal diffusion problems described by a linear integral equation on bounded domains in R-n. The nonlocal vector calculus also enables striking analogies to be drawn between the nonlocal model and classical models for diffusion, including a notion of nonlocal flux. The ubiquity of the nonlocal operator in applications is illustrated by a number of examples ranging from continuum mechanics to graph theory. In particular, it is shown that fractional Laplacian and fractional derivative models for anomalous diffusion are special cases of the nonlocal model for diffusion that we consider. The numerous applications elucidate different interpretations of the operator and the associated governing equations. For example, a probabilistic perspective explains that the nonlocal spatial operator appearing in our model corresponds to the infinitesimal generator for a symmetric jump process. Sufficient conditions on the kernel of the nonlocal operator and the notion of volume constraints are shown to lead to a well-posed problem. Volume constraints are a proxy for boundary conditions that may not be defined for a given kernel. In particular, we demonstrate for a general class of kernels that the nonlocal operator is a mapping between a volume constrained subspace of a fractional Sobolev subspace and its dual. We also demonstrate for other particular kernels that the inverse of the operator does not smooth but does correspond to diffusion. The impact of our results is that both a continuum analysis and a numerical method for the modeling of anomalous diffusion on bounded domains in Rn are provided. The analytical framework allows us to consider finite-dimensional approximations using discontinuous and continuous Galerkin methods, both of which are conforming for the nonlocal diffusion equation we consider; error and condition number estimates are derived. C1 [Du, Qiang; Zhou, Kun] Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gunzburger, Max] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lehoucq, R. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Du, Q (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM qdu@math.psu.edu; gunzburg@fsu.edu; rblehou@sandia.gov; zhou@math.psu.edu RI Du, Qiang/B-1021-2008 OI Du, Qiang/0000-0002-1067-8937 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005346, DE-SC0004970, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMS-1016073, DMS-1013845]; U.S. Department of Energy through Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, DOE Office of Science [FWP-09-014290] FX The work of these authors was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0005346 and U.S. National Science Foundation grant DMS-1016073.; The work of this author was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0004970 and U.S. National Science Foundation grant DMS-1013845.; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work of this author was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grant FWP-09-014290 through the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, DOE Office of Science. NR 52 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 6 U2 36 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 EI 1095-7200 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PY 2012 VL 54 IS 4 BP 667 EP 696 DI 10.1137/110833294 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 036NM UT WOS:000311034000003 ER PT J AU Solis, KJ Martin, JE AF Solis, Kyle J. Martin, James E. TI Stimulation of vigorous rotational flows and novel flow patterns using triaxial magnetic fields SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article AB We have discovered that new flow patterns can be created by applying a dc field to the ac biaxial fields that are used to induce isothermal magnetic advection (IMA). IMA is a recently discovered fluid flow phenomenon that occurs in suspensions of magnetic platelets subjected to particular time-dependent, uniform, biaxial magnetic fields. IMA is characterized by the formation of emergent flow patterns called advection lattices. We find that a dc field can disrupt the antiparallel flow symmetry of the advection lattice and give rise to qualitatively new flow patterns, including vigorous rotational flows and a highly regular diamond lattice. The rotational flows are very robust and may have applications to heat transfer. The diamond lattice is an intriguing and challenging example of emergent dynamics. Both of these effects occur when the dc field is applied orthogonal to the plane of the biaxial field. C1 [Solis, Kyle J.; Martin, James E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Solis, KJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kjsolis@sandia.gov; jmartin@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was supported by the Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). We thank Vladimir Raksha, Paul Coombs, Tom Markantes, Bill Kittler, and Kees-Jan Delst at JDSU for supplying the magnetic platelets. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 48 BP 11989 EP 11994 DI 10.1039/c2sm26436f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 044QV UT WOS:000311638500004 ER PT J AU Knorowski, C Travesset, A AF Knorowski, Christopher Travesset, Alex TI Dynamics of DNA-programmable nanoparticle crystallization: gelation, nucleation and topological defects SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SUPERLATTICES; SIMULATIONS; ORGANIZATION AB DNA programmed nanoparticle self-assembly is emerging as a powerful technique to engineer novel materials. In this paper, we present a comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of DNA mediated nanoparticle superlattice self-assembly from numerical simulations. We show that crystallization is consistent with classical nucleation theory, where the supercooled phase is a gel and the internal energy of the system remains constant during crystallization. After crystallization occurs, equilibrium is reached only after substitutionals, the most common topological defects, are annihilated in a process that involves vacancies or interstitials. Implications for existing and future experiments, as well as for engineering high quality, even single crystal, superlattices are also discussed. C1 [Knorowski, Christopher; Travesset, Alex] Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Knorowski, Christopher; Travesset, Alex] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Knorowski, C (reprint author), Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cdknorow@iastate.edu; trvsst@ameslab.gov FU Iowa State University; Nvidia Corp.; DOE through the Ames Lab [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We acknowledge interest and discussions with Oleg Gang, Rob Macfarlane and Chad Mirkin. It is always a pleasure to acknowledge Josh Anderson for his help and enthusiasm with HOOMD-blue and Mark Klein for his assistance with the Exalted GPU cluster where most of the simulations were performed, which is funded by a grant from Iowa State University and Nvidia Corp. This work is funded by DOE through the Ames Lab under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 48 BP 12053 EP 12059 DI 10.1039/c2sm26832a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 044QV UT WOS:000311638500012 ER PT J AU Chatrchyan, S Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Tumasyan, A Adam, W Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Ero, J Fabjan, C Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Hammer, J Hoch, M Hormann, N Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Kiesenhofer, W Knapitsch, A Krammer, M Liko, D Mikulec, I Pernicka, M Rahbaran, B Rohringer, H Schofbeck, R Strauss, J Taurok, A Teischinger, F Trauner, C Wagner, P Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Gonzalez, JS Bansal, S Benucci, L Cornelis, T De Wolf, EA Janssen, X Luyckx, S Maes, T Mucibello, L Ochesanu, S Roland, B Rougny, R Selvaggi, M Van Haevermaet, H Van Mechelen, P Van Remortel, N Van Spilbeeck, A Blekman, F Blyweert, S D'Hondt, J Suarez, RG Kalogeropoulos, A Maes, M Olbrechts, A Van Doninck, W Van Mulders, P Van Onsem, GP Villella, I Charaf, O Clerbaux, B De Lentdecker, G Dero, V Gay, APR Hammad, GH Hreus, T Leonard, A Marage, PE Thomas, L Vander Velde, C Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Adler, V Beernaert, K Cimmino, A Costantini, S Grunewald, M Klein, B Lellouch, J Marinov, A Mccartin, J Rios, AAO Ryckbosch, D Strobbe, N Thyssen, F Tytgat, M Vanelderen, L Verwilligen, P Walsh, S Zaganidis, N Walsh, S Zaganidis, N Basegmez, S Bruno, G Caudron, J Ceard, L De Jeneret, JD Delaere, C Favart, D Forthomme, L Giammanco, A Gregoire, G Hollar, J Lemaitre, V Liao, J Militaru, O Nuttens, C Pagano, D Pin, A Piotrzkowski, K Schul, N Beliy, N Caebergs, T Daubie, E Alves, GA Damiao, DD Pol, ME Souza, MHG Alda, WL Carvalho, W Custodio, A Da Costa, EM Martins, CD De Souza, SF Figueiredo, DM Mundim, L Nogima, H Oguri, V Da Silva, WLP Santoro, A Do Amaral, SMS Sznajder, A Anjos, TS Bernardes, CA Dias, FA Tomei, TRFP Gregores, EM Lagana, C Marinho, F Mercadante, PG Novaes, SF Padula, SS Darmenov, N Genchev, V Iaydjiev, P Piperov, S Rodozov, M Stoykova, S Sultanov, G Tcholakov, V Trayanov, R Vutova, M Dimitrov, A Hadjiiska, R Karadzhinova, A Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Pavlov, B Petkov, P Bian, JG Chen, GM Chen, HS Jiang, CH Liang, D Liang, S Meng, X Tao, J Wang, J Wang, J Wang, X Wang, Z Xiao, H Xu, M Zang, J Zhang, Z Ban, Y Guo, S Guo, Y Li, W Liu, S Mao, Y Qian, SJ Teng, H Wang, S Zhu, B Zou, W Cabrera, A Moreno, BG Oliveros, AFO Sanabria, JC Godinovic, N Lelas, D Plestina, R Polic, D Puljak, I Antunovic, Z Dzelalija, M Kovac, M Brigljevic, V Duric, S Kadija, K Luetic, J Morovic, S Attikis, A Galanti, M Mousa, J Nicolaou, C Ptochos, F Razis, PA Finger, M Finger, M Assran, Y Kamel, AE Khalil, S Mahmoud, MA Radi, A Hektor, A Kadastik, M Muntel, M Raidal, M Rebane, L Tiko, A Azzolini, V Eerola, P Fedi, G Voutilainen, M Czellar, S Harkonen, J Heikkinen, A Karimak, V Kinnunen, R Kortelainen, MJ Lampen, T Lassila-Perini, K Lehti, S Linden, T Luukka, P Maenpaa, T Tuominen, E Tuominiemi, J Tuovinen, E Ungaro, D Wendland, L Banzuzi, K Korpela, A Tuuva, T Sillou, D Besancon, M Choudhury, S Dejardin, M Denegri, D Fabbro, B Faure, JL Ferri, F Ganjour, S Givernaud, A Gras, P de Monchenault, GH Jarry, P Locci, E Malcles, J Marionneau, M Millischer, L Rander, J Rosowsky, A Shreyber, I Titov, M Baffioni, S Beaudette, F Benhabib, L Bianchini, L Bluj, M Broutin, C Busson, P Charlot, C Daci, N Dahms, T Dobrzynski, L Elgammal, S de Cassagnac, RG Haguenauer, M Mine, P Mironov, C Ochando, C Paganini, P Sabes, D Salerno, R Sirois, Y Thiebaux, C Veelken, C Zabi, A Agram, JL Andrea, J Bloch, D Bodin, D Brom, JM Cardaci, M Chabert, EC Collard, C Conte, E Drouhin, F Ferro, C Fontaine, JC Gele, D Goerlach, U Greder, S Juillot, P Karim, M Le Bihan, AC Van Hove, P Fassi, F Mercier, D Baty, C Beauceron, S Beaupere, N Bedjidian, M Bondu, O Boudoul, G Boumediene, D Brun, H Chasserat, J Chierici, R Contardo, D Depasse, P El Mamouni, H Falkiewicz, A Fay, J Gascon, S Gouzevitch, M Ille, B Kurca, T Le Grand, T Lethuillier, M Mirabito, L Perries, S Sordini, V Tosi, S Tschudi, Y Verdier, P Viret, S Lomidze, D Anagnostou, G Beranek, S Edelhoff, M Feld, L Heracleous, N Hindrichs, O Jussen, R Klein, K Merz, J Ostapchuk, A Perieanu, A Raupach, F Sammet, J Schael, S Sprenger, D Weber, H Wittmer, B Zhukov, V Ata, M Dietz-Laursonn, E Erdmann, M Hebbeker, T Heidemann, C Hoepfner, K Klimkovich, T Klingebiel, D Kreuzer, P Lanske, D Lingemann, J Magass, C Merschmeyer, M Meyer, A Papacz, P Pieta, H Reithler, H Schmitz, SA Sonnenschein, L Steggemann, J Teyssier, D Weber, M Bontenackels, M Cherepanov, V Davids, M Flugge, G Geenen, H Geisler, M Ahmad, WH Hoehle, F Kargoll, B Kress, T Kuessel, Y Linn, A Nowack, A Perchalla, L Pooth, O Rennefeld, J Sauerland, P Stahl, A Tornier, D Zoeller, MH Martin, MA Behrenhoff, W Behrens, U Bergholz, M Bethani, A Borras, K Cakir, A Campbell, A Castro, E Dammann, D Eckerlin, G Eckstein, D Flossdorf, A Flucke, G Geiser, A Hauk, J Jung, H Kasemann, M Katsas, P Kleinwort, C Kluge, H Knutsson, A Kramer, M Krucker, D Kuznetsova, E Lange, W Lohmann, W Lutz, B Mankel, R Marfin, I Marienfeld, M Melzer-Pellmann, IA Meyer, AB Mnich, J Mussgiller, A Naumann-Emme, S Olzem, J Petrukhin, A Pitzl, D Raspereza, A Cipriano, PMR Rosin, M Salfeld-Nebgen, J Schmidt, R Schoerner-Sadenius, T Sen, N Spiridonov, A Stein, M Tomaszewska, J Walsh, R Wissing, C Autermann, C Blobel, V Bobrovskyi, S Draeger, J Enderle, H Gebbert, U Gorner, M Hermanns, T Kaschube, K Kaussen, G Kirschenmann, H Klanner, R Lange, J Mura, B Nowak, F Pietsch, N Sander, C Schettler, H Schleper, P Schlieckau, E Schroder, M Schum, T Stadie, H Steinbruck, G Thomsen, J Barth, C Berger, J Chwalek, T De Boer, W Dierlamm, A Dirkes, G Feindt, M Gruschke, J Guthoff, M Hackstein, C Hartmann, F Heinrich, M Held, H Hoffmann, KH Honc, S Katkov, I Komaragiri, JR Kuhr, T Martschei, D Mueller, S Muller, T Niegel, M Oberst, O Oehler, A Ott, J Peiffer, T Quast, G Rabbertz, K Ratnikov, F Ratnikova, N Renz, M Rocker, S Saout, C Scheurer, A Schieferdecker, P Schilling, FP Schmanau, M Schott, G Simonis, HJ Stober, FM Troendle, D Wagner-Kuhr, J Weiler, T Zeise, M Ziebarth, EB Daskalakis, G Geralis, T Kesisoglou, S Kyriakis, A Loukas, D Manolakos, I Markou, A Markou, C Mavrommatis, C Ntomari, E Petrakou, E Gouskos, L Mertzimekis, TJ Panagiotou, A Saoulidou, N Stiliaris, E Evangelou, I Foudas, C Kokkas, P Manthos, N Papadopoulos, I Patras, V Triantis, FA Aranyi, A Bencze, G Boldizsar, L Hajdu, C Hidas, P Horvath, D Kapusi, A Krajczar, K Sikler, F Vesztergombi, G Beni, N Molnar, J Palinkas, J Szillasi, Z Veszpremi, V Karancsi, J Raics, P Trocsanyi, ZL Ujvari, B Beri, SB Bhatnagar, V Dhingra, N Gupta, R Jindal, M Kaur, M Kohli, JM Mehta, MZ Nishu, N Saini, LK Sharma, A Singh, AP Singh, J Singh, SP Ahuja, S Choudhary, BC Kumar, A Kumar, A Malhotra, S Naimuddin, M Ranjan, K Sharma, V Shivpuri, RK Banerjee, S Bhattacharya, S Dutta, S Gomber, B Jain, S Jain, S Khurana, R Sarkar, S Choudhury, RK Dutta, D Kailas, S Kumar, V Mohanty, AK Pant, LM Shukla, P Aziz, T Ganguly, S Guchait, M Gurtu, A Maity, M Majumder, D Majumder, G Mazumdar, K Mohanty, GB Parida, B Saha, A Sudhakar, K Wickramage, N Banerjee, S Dugad, S Mondal, NK Arfaei, H Bakhshiansohi, H Etesami, SM Fahim, A Hashemi, M Hesari, H Jafari, A Khakzad, M Mohammadi, A Mohammadi Najafabadi, M Paktinat Mehdiabadi, S Safarzadeh, B Zeinali, M Abbrescia, M Barbone, L Calabria, C Colaleo, A Creanza, D De Filippis, N De Palma, M Fiore, L Iaselli, G Lusito, L Maggi, G Maggi, M Manna, N Marangelli, B My, S Nuzzo, S Pacifico, N Pompili, A Pugliese, G Romano, F Selvaggi, G Silvestris, L Tupputi, S Zito, G Abbiendi, G Benvenuti, AC Bonacorsi, D Braibant-Giacomelli, S Brigliadori, L Capiluppi, P Castro, A Cavallo, FR Cuffiani, M Dallavalle, GM Fabbri, F Fanfani, A Fasanella, D Giacomelli, P Grandi, C Marcellini, S Masetti, G Meneghelli, M Montanari, A Navarria, FL Odorici, F Perrotta, A Primavera, F Rossi, AM Rovelli, T Siroli, G Travaglini, R Albergo, S Cappello, G Chiorboli, M Costa, S Potenza, R Tricomi, A Tuve, C Barbagli, G Ciulli, V Civinini, C D'Alessandro, R Focardi, E Frosali, S Gallo, E Gonzi, S Meschini, M Paoletti, S Sguazzoni, G Tropiano, A Benussi, L Bianco, S Colafranceschi, S Fabbri, F Piccolo, D Fabbricatore, P Musenich, R Benaglia, A De Guio, F Di Matteo, L Gennai, S Ghezzi, A Malvezzi, S Martelli, A Massironi, A Menasce, D Moroni, L Paganoni, M Pedrini, D Ragazzi, S Redaelli, N Sala, S Tabarelli de Fatis, T Buontempo, S Carrillo Montoya, CA Cavallo, N De Cosa, A Dogangun, O Fabozzi, F Iorio, AOM Lista, L Merola, M Paolucci, P Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Bellan, P Bisello, D Branca, A Carlin, R Checchia, P Dorigo, T Dosselli, U Fanzago, F Gasparini, F Gasparini, U Gozzelino, A Lacaprara, S 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CA CMS Collaboration TI Measurement of the production cross section for pairs of isolated photons in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hadron-Hadron Scattering ID TO-LEADING ORDER; HEAVY QUARK PRODUCTION; HADRON-COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD CALCULATIONS; SPIN CORRELATION; LHC; JET; NLO; ASSOCIATION AB The integrated and differential cross sections for the production of pairs of isolated photons is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1) is analysed. A next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation is compared to the measurements. A discrepancy is observed for regions of the phase space where the two photons have an azimuthal angle difference Delta phi less than or similar to 2.8 rad. C1 [Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. 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[Beliy, N.; Caebergs, T.; Daubie, E.] Univ Mons, Mons, Belgium. [Alves, G. A.; Damiao, D. De Jesus; Pol, M. E.; Souza, M. H. G.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Alda Junior, W. L.; Carvalho, W.; Custodio, A.; Da Costa, E. M.; Martins, C. De Oliveira; De Souza, S. Fonseca; Figueiredo, D. Matos; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; Oguri, V.; Prado Da Silva, W. L.; Santoro, A.; Silva Do Amaral, S. M.; Sznajder, A.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Anjos, T. S.; Bernardes, C. A.; Dias, F. A.; Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Gregores, E. M.; Lagana, C.; Marinho, F.; Mercadante, P. G.; Novaes, S. F.; Padula, Sandra S.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Darmenov, N.; Genchev, V.; Iaydjiev, P.; Piperov, S.; Rodozov, M.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Tcholakov, V.; Trayanov, R.; Vutova, M.] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Dimitrov, A.; Hadjiiska, R.; Karadzhinova, A.; Kozhuharov, V.; Litov, L.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.] Univ Sofia, Dept Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Jiang, C. H.; Liang, D.; Liang, S.; Meng, X.; Tao, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, X.; Wang, Z.; Xiao, H.; Xu, M.; Zang, J.; Zhang, Z.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ban, Y.; Guo, S.; Guo, Y.; Li, W.; Liu, S.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Teng, H.; Wang, S.; Zhu, B.; Zou, W.] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Tech, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cabrera, A.; Moreno, B. Gomez; Oliveros, A. F. Osorio; Sanabria, J. C.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Godinovic, N.; Lelas, D.; Plestina, R.; Polic, D.; Puljak, I.] Tech Univ Split, Split, Croatia. [Antunovic, Z.; Dzelalija, M.; Kovac, M.] Univ Split, Split, Croatia. [Brigljevic, V.; Duric, S.; Kadija, K.; Luetic, J.; Morovic, S.] Inst Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia. [Attikis, A.; Galanti, M.; Mousa, J.; Nicolaou, C.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.] Univ Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Finger, M.; Finger, M., Jr.] Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. [Assran, Y.; Kamel, A. Ellithi; Khalil, S.; Mahmoud, M. A.; Radi, A.] Egyptian Network High Energy Phys, Acad Sci Res & Technol Arab Republ Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. [Hektor, A.; Kadastik, M.; Muentel, M.; Raidal, M.; Rebane, L.; Tiko, A.] NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia. [Azzolini, V.; Eerola, P.; Fedi, G.; Voutilainen, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Czellar, S.; Harkonen, J.; Heikkinen, A.; Karimak, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Kortelainen, M. J.; Lampen, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lehti, S.; Linden, T.; Luukka, P.; Maenpaa, T.; Tuominen, E.; Tuominiemi, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Ungaro, D.; Wendland, L.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Banzuzi, K.; Korpela, A.; Tuuva, T.] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Lappeenranta, Finland. [Sillou, D.] IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Besancon, M.; Choudhury, S.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Ferri, F.; Ganjour, S.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Jarry, P.; Locci, E.; Malcles, J.; Marionneau, M.; Millischer, L.; Rander, J.; Rosowsky, A.; Shreyber, I.; Titov, M.] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baffioni, S.; Beaudette, F.; Benhabib, L.; Bianchini, L.; Bluj, M.; Broutin, C.; Busson, P.; Charlot, C.; Daci, N.; Dahms, T.; Dobrzynski, L.; Elgammal, S.; de Cassagnac, R. Granier; Haguenauer, M.; Mine, P.; Mironov, C.; Ochando, C.; Paganini, P.; Sabes, D.; Salerno, R.; Sirois, Y.; Thiebaux, C.; Veelken, C.; Zabi, A.] IN2P3 CNRS, Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Palaiseau, France. [Agram, J.-L.; Andrea, J.; Bloch, D.; Bodin, D.; Brom, J.-M.; Cardaci, M.; Chabert, E. C.; Collard, C.; Conte, E.; Drouhin, F.; Ferro, C.; Fontaine, J.-C.; Gele, D.; Goerlach, U.; Greder, S.; Juillot, P.; Karim, M.; Le Bihan, A.-C.; Van Hove, P.] Univ Haute Alsace Mulhouse, Univ Strasbourg, CNRS IN2P3, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France. [Fassi, F.; Mercier, D.] Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules IN2P3, Ctr Calcul, Villeurbanne, France. [Baty, C.; Beauceron, S.; Beaupere, N.; Bedjidian, M.; Bondu, O.; Boudoul, G.; Boumediene, D.; Brun, H.; Chasserat, J.; Chierici, R.; Contardo, D.; Depasse, P.; El Mamouni, H.; Falkiewicz, A.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Gouzevitch, M.; Ille, B.; Kurca, T.; Le Grand, T.; Lethuillier, M.; Mirabito, L.; Perries, S.; Sordini, V.; Tosi, S.; Tschudi, Y.; Verdier, P.; Viret, S.] Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, Villeurbanne, France. [Lomidze, D.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys & Informatizat, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Anagnostou, G.; Beranek, S.; Edelhoff, M.; Feld, L.; Heracleous, N.; Hindrichs, O.; Jussen, R.; Klein, K.; Merz, J.; Ostapchuk, A.; Perieanu, A.; Raupach, F.; Sammet, J.; Schael, S.; Sprenger, D.; Weber, H.; Wittmer, B.; Zhukov, V.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, Aachen, Germany. [Ata, M.; Dietz-Laursonn, E.; Erdmann, M.; Hebbeker, T.; Heidemann, C.; Hoepfner, K.; Klimkovich, T.; Klingebiel, D.; Kreuzer, P.; Lanske, D.; Lingemann, J.; Magass, C.; Merschmeyer, M.; Meyer, A.; Papacz, P.; Pieta, H.; Reithler, H.; Schmitz, S. A.; Sonnenschein, L.; Steggemann, J.; Teyssier, D.; Weber, M.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, Aachen, Germany. [Bontenackels, M.; Cherepanov, V.; Davids, M.; Fluegge, G.; Geenen, H.; Geisler, M.; Ahmad, W. Haj; Hoehle, F.; Kargoll, B.; Kress, T.; Kuessel, Y.; Linn, A.; Nowack, A.; Perchalla, L.; Pooth, O.; Rennefeld, J.; Sauerland, P.; Stahl, A.; Tornier, D.; Zoeller, M. H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys B 3, Aachen, Germany. [Martin, M. Aldaya; Behrenhoff, W.; Behrens, U.; Bergholz, M.; Bethani, A.; Borras, K.; Cakir, A.; Campbell, A.; Castro, E.; Dammann, D.; Eckerlin, G.; Eckstein, D.; Flossdorf, A.; Flucke, G.; Geiser, A.; Hauk, J.; Jung, H.; Kasemann, M.; Katsas, P.; Kleinwort, C.; Kluge, H.; Knutsson, A.; Kraemer, M.; Kruecker, D.; Kuznetsova, E.; Lange, W.; Lohmann, W.; Lutz, B.; Mankel, R.; Marfin, I.; Marienfeld, M.; Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A.; Meyer, A. B.; Mnich, J.; Mussgiller, A.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Olzem, J.; Petrukhin, A.; Pitzl, D.; Raspereza, A.; Cipriano, P. M. Ribeiro; Rosin, M.; Salfeld-Nebgen, J.; Schmidt, R.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Sen, N.; Spiridonov, A.; Stein, M.; Tomaszewska, J.; Walsh, R.; Wissing, C.] Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany. [Autermann, C.; Blobel, V.; Bobrovskyi, S.; Draeger, J.; Enderle, H.; Gebbert, U.; Goerner, M.; Hermanns, T.; Kaschube, K.; Kaussen, G.; Kirschenmann, H.; Klanner, R.; Lange, J.; Mura, B.; Nowak, F.; Pietsch, N.; Sander, C.; Schettler, H.; Schleper, P.; Schlieckau, E.; Schroeder, M.; Schum, T.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrueck, G.; Thomsen, J.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Barth, C.; Berger, J.; Chwalek, T.; De Boer, W.; Dierlamm, A.; Dirkes, G.; Feindt, M.; Gruschke, J.; Guthoff, M.; Hackstein, C.; Hartmann, F.; Heinrich, M.; Held, H.; Hoffmann, K. H.; Honc, S.; Katkov, I.; Komaragiri, J. R.; Kuhr, T.; Martschei, D.; Mueller, S.; Mueller, Th.; Niegel, M.; Oberst, O.; Oehler, A.; Ott, J.; Peiffer, T.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Ratnikov, F.; Ratnikova, N.; Renz, M.; Roecker, S.; Saout, C.; Scheurer, A.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schilling, F.-P.; Schmanau, M.; Schott, G.; Simonis, H. J.; Stober, F. M.; Troendle, D.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Weiler, T.; Zeise, M.; Ziebarth, E. B.] Inst Expt Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Kesisoglou, S.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Manolakos, I.; Markou, A.; Markou, C.; Mavrommatis, C.; Ntomari, E.; Petrakou, E.] Inst Nucl Phys Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece. [Gouskos, L.; Mertzimekis, T. J.; Panagiotou, A.; Saoulidou, N.; Stiliaris, E.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Evangelou, I.; Foudas, C.; Kokkas, P.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Patras, V.; Triantis, F. A.] Univ Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. [Aranyi, A.; Bencze, G.; Boldizsar, L.; Hajdu, C.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Kapusi, A.; Krajczar, K.; Sikler, F.; Vesztergombi, G.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Beni, N.; Molnar, J.; Palinkas, J.; Szillasi, Z.; Veszpremi, V.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. [Karancsi, J.; Raics, P.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.] Univ Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. [Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Dhingra, N.; Gupta, R.; Jindal, M.; Kaur, M.; Kohli, J. M.; Mehta, M. Z.; Nishu, N.; Saini, L. K.; Sharma, A.; Singh, A. P.; Singh, J.; Singh, S. P.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh, India. [Ahuja, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, A.; Malhotra, S.; Naimuddin, M.; Ranjan, K.; Sharma, V.; Shivpuri, R. K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi, India. [Banerjee, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Dutta, S.; Gomber, B.; Jain, S.; Jain, S.; Khurana, R.; Sarkar, S.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India. [Choudhury, R. K.; Dutta, D.; Kailas, S.; Kumar, V.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Mumbai, India. [Aziz, T.; Ganguly, S.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Maity, M.; Majumder, D.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Mohanty, G. B.; Parida, B.; Saha, A.; Sudhakar, K.; Wickramage, N.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res EHEP, Mumbai, India. [Banerjee, S.; Dugad, S.; Mondal, N. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res HECR, Mumbai, India. [Arfaei, H.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Etesami, S. M.; Fahim, A.; Hashemi, M.; Hesari, H.; Jafari, A.; Khakzad, M.; Mohammadi, A.; Mohammadi Najafabadi, M.; Paktinat Mehdiabadi, S.; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.] Inst Res & Fundamental Sci IPM, Tehran, Iran. [Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Calabria, C.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; Fiore, L.; Iaselli, G.; Lusito, L.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; My, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Pacifico, N.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Romano, F.; Selvaggi, G.; Silvestris, L.; Tupputi, S.; Zito, G.] INFN Sez Bari, Bari, Italy. [Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Calabria, C.; De Palma, M.; Lusito, L.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; Nuzzo, S.; Pacifico, N.; Pompili, A.; Selvaggi, G.; Tupputi, S.] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. [Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; My, S.; Pugliese, G.; Romano, F.] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. [Abbiendi, G.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Grandi, C.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Meneghelli, M.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Odorici, F.; Perrotta, A.; Primavera, F.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Travaglini, R.] INFN Sez Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cuffiani, M.; Fanfani, A.; Meneghelli, M.; Navarria, F. L.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Travaglini, R.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Cappello, G.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] INFN Sez Catania, Catania, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Cappello, G.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Barbagli, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Gallo, E.; Gonzi, S.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.] INFN Sez Firenze, Florence, Italy. [Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Gonzi, S.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Colafranceschi, S.; Fabbri, F.; Piccolo, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Frascati, Italy. [Fabbricatore, P.; Musenich, R.] INFN Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy. [Benaglia, A.; De Guio, F.; Di Matteo, L.; Gennai, S.; Ghezzi, A.; Malvezzi, S.; Martelli, A.; Massironi, A.; Menasce, D.; Moroni, L.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Sala, S.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.] INFN Sez Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Benaglia, A.; De Guio, F.; Di Matteo, L.; Ghezzi, A.; Martelli, A.; Massironi, A.; Paganoni, M.; Ragazzi, S.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Buontempo, S.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Cavallo, N.; De Cosa, A.; Dogangun, O.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lista, L.; Merola, M.; Paolucci, P.] INFN Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy. [De Cosa, A.; Dogangun, O.; Merola, M.] Univ Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy. [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Bellan, P.; Bisello, D.; Branca, A.; Carlin, R.; Checchia, P.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanzago, F.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Gozzelino, A.; Lacaprara, S.; Lazzizzera, I.; Margoni, M.; Mazzucato, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Nespolo, M.; Perrozzi, L.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] INFN Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. [Bellan, P.; Bisello, D.; Carlin, R.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Margoni, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Lazzizzera, I.] Univ Trento, Padua, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Berzano, U.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] INFN Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Caponeri, B.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Menichelli, M.; Nappi, A.; Romeo, F.; Santocchia, A.; Taroni, S.; Valdata, M.] INFN Sez Perugia, Perugia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Romeo, F.; Taroni, S.; Valdata, M.] Univ Perugia, Perugia, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Boccali, T.; Broccolo, G.; Castaldi, R.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Dell'Orso, R.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Giassi, A.; Kraan, A.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Martini, L.; Messineo, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Rizzi, A.; Segneri, G.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.] INFN Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Fiori, F.; Messineo, A.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Broccolo, G.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Foa, L.; Ligabue, F.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Barone, L.; Cavallari, F.; Del Re, D.; Diemoz, M.; Franci, D.; Grassi, M.; Longo, E.; Meridiani, P.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Organtini, G.; Pandolfi, F.; Paramatti, R.; Rahatlou, S.; Sigamani, M.] INFN Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. [Barone, L.; Del Re, D.; Franci, D.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Pandolfi, F.; Rahatlou, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Biino, C.; Botta, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Demaria, N.; Graziano, A.; Mariotti, C.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Potenza, A.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Vilela Pereira, A.] INFN Sez Torino, Turin, Italy. [Amapane, N.; Argiro, S.; Botta, C.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Graziano, A.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Potenza, A.; Romero, A.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arcidiacono, R.; Arneodo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, Italy. [Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Marone, M.; Montanino, D.; Penzo, A.] INFN Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Della Ricca, G.; Marone, M.; Montanino, D.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Heo, S. G.; Nam, S. K.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Chunchon, South Korea. [Chang, S.; Chung, J.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, J. E.; Kong, D. J.; Park, H.; Ro, S. R.; Son, D. C.; Son, T.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. [Kim, J. Y.; Kim, Z. J.; Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Jo, H. Y.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, S.; Gyun, D.; Hong, B.; Jo, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, T. J.; Lee, K. S.; Moon, D. H.; Park, S. K.; Seo, E.; Sim, K. S.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, M.; Kang, S.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Park, C.; Park, I. C.; Park, S.; Ryu, G.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. [Cho, Y.; Choi, Y.; Choi, Y. K.; Goh, J.; Kim, M. S.; Lee, B.; Lee, J.; Lee, S.; Seo, H.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Bilinskas, M. J.; Grigelionis, I.; Janulis, M.; Martisiute, D.; Petrov, P.; Polujanskas, M.; Sabonis, T.] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Castilla-Valdez, H.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-de La Cruz, I.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Magana Villalba, R.; Martinez-Ortega, J.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.; Villasenor-Cendejas, L. M.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.; Vazquez Valencia, F.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Casimiro Linares, E.; Morelos Pineda, A.; Reyes-Santos, M. A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Krofcheck, D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. [Bell, A. J.; Butler, P. H.; Doesburg, R.; Reucroft, S.; Silverwood, H.; Tambe, N.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Ahmad, M.; Asghar, M. I.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khalid, S.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Qazi, S.; Shah, M. A.; Shoaib, M.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Brona, G.; Cwiok, M.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Bialkowska, H.; Boimska, B.; Frueboes, T.; Gokieli, R.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Wrochna, G.; Zalewski, P.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, Warsaw, Poland. [Almeida, N.; Bargassa, P.; David, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Gallinaro, M.; Musella, P.; Nayak, A.; Pela, J.; Ribeiro, P. Q.; Seixas, J.; Varela, J.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Afanasiev, S.; Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Gavrilenko, M.; Golutvin, I.; Gorbunov, I.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Kozlov, G.; Lanev, A.; Moisenz, P.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Shmatov, S.; Smirnov, V.; Volodko, A.; Zarubin, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Evstyukhin, S.; Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Levchenko, P.; Murzin, V.; Oreshkin, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, An.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Andreev, Yu.; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.] Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Epshteyn, V.; Erofeeva, M.; Gavrilov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Lychkovskaya, N.; Popov, V.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Belyaev, A.; Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Markina, A.; Obraztsov, S.; Perfilov, M.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Andreev, V.; Azarkin, M.; Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Leonidov, A.; Mesyats, G.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Azhgirey, I.; Bayshev, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Grishin, V.; Kachanov, V.; Konstantinov, D.; Korablev, A.; Krychkine, V.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Sobol, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Ekmedzic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade, Serbia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Ekmedzic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Arce, P.; Battilana, C.; Calvo, E.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Colino, N.; De La Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Diez Pardos, C.; Dominguez Vazquez, D.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Ferrando, A.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Merino, G.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Redondo, I.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Soares, M. S.; Willmott, C.] CIEMAT, Dept Phys, Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; Codispoti, G.; de Troconiz, J. F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Folgueras, S.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Chuang, S. H.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Felcini, M.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Matorras, F.; Munoz Sanchez, F. J.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Rodrigo, T.; Rodriguez-Marrero, A. Y.; Ruiz-Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, IFCA, Santander, Spain. [Abbaneo, D.; Auffray, E.; Auzinger, G.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Barney, D.; Bernet, C.; Bialas, W.; Bloch, P.; Bocci, A.; Breuker, H.; Bunkowski, K.; Camporesi, T.; Cerminara, G.; Christiansen, T.; Coarasa Perez, J. A.; Cure, B.; D'Enterria, D.; De Roeck, A.; Di Guida, S.; Dobson, M.; Dupont-Sagorin, N.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Frisch, B.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Georgiou, G.; Gerwig, H.; Giffels, M.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Giunta, M.; Glege, F.; Gomez-Reino Garrido, R.; Govoni, P.; Gowdy, S.; Guida, R.; Guiducci, L.; Gundacker, S.; Hansen, M.; Hartl, C.; Harvey, J.; Hegeman, J.; Hegner, B.; Hinzmann, A.; Hoffmann, H. F.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Kaadze, K.; Karavakis, E.; Kousouris, K.; Lecoq, P.; Lenzi, P.; Lourenco, C.; Maki, T.; Malberti, M.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Mavromanolakis, G.; Meijers, F.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Moser, R.; Mozer, M. U.; Mulders, M.; Nesvold, E.; Nguyen, M.; Orimoto, T.; Orsini, L.; Palencia Cortezon, E.; Perez, E.; Petrilli, A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Pimia, M.; Piparo, D.; Polese, G.; Quertenmont, L.; Racz, A.; Reece, W.; Rodrigues Antunes, J.; Rolandi, G.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Rovelli, C.; Rovere, M.; Sakulin, H.; Santanastasio, F.; Schafer, C.; Schwick, C.; Segoni, I.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, P.; Silva, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Spiropulu, M.; Stoye, M.; Tsirou, A.; Veres, G. I.; Vichoudis, P.; Wohri, H. K.; Worm, S. D.; Zeuner, W. D.] European Org Nucl Res, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Gabathuler, K.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Konig, S.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Meier, F.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Sibille, J.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Bani, L.; Bortignon, P.; Buchmann, M. A.; Casal, B.; Chanon, N.; Chen, Z.; Cittolin, S.; Deisher, A.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Eugster, J.; Freudenreich, K.; Grab, C.; Lecomte, P.; Lustermann, W.; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, P.; Milenovic, P.; Mohr, N.; Moortgat, F.; Nageli, C.; Nef, P.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pape, L.; Pauss, F.; Peruzzi, M.; Ronga, F. J.; Rossini, M.; Sala, L.; Sanchez, A. K.; Sawley, M. -C.; Starodumov, A.; Stieger, B.; Takahashi, M.; Tauscher, L.; Thea, A.; Theofilatos, K.; Treille, D.; Urscheler, C.; Wallny, R.; Weber, H. A.; Wehrli, L.; Weng, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Aguilo, E.; Amsler, C.; Chiochia, V.; De Visscher, S.; Favaro, C.; Ivova Rikova, M.; Millan Mejias, B.; Otiougova, P.; Robmann, P.; Schmidt, A.; Snoek, H.; Verzetti, M.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Chang, Y. H.; Chen, K. H.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.; Liu, Z. K.; Lu, Y. J.; Mekterovic, D.; Volpe, R.; Yu, S. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. [Bartalini, P.; Chang, P.; Chang, Y. H.; Chang, Y. W.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Dietz, C.; Grundler, U.; Hou, W. -S.; Hsiung, Y.; Kao, K. Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Lu, R. -S.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Wan, X.; Wang, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ NTU, Taipei, Taiwan. [Adiguzel, A.; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dozen, C.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gokbulut, G.; Hos, I.; Kangal, E. E.; Karapinar, G.; Kayis Topaksu, A.; Onengut, G.; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Sogut, K.; Sunar Cerci, D.; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Uzun, D.; Vergili, L. N.; Vergili, M.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Akin, I. V.; Aliev, T.; Bilin, B.; Bilmis, S.; Deniz, M.; Gamsizkan, H.; Guler, A. M.; Ocalan, K.; Ozpineci, A.; Serin, M.; Sever, R.; Surat, U. E.; Yalvac, M.; Yildirim, E.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Ankara, Turkey. [Deliomeroglu, M.; Gulmez, E.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Levchuk, L.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bostock, F.; Brooke, J. J.; Clement, E.; Cussans, D.; Flacher, H.; Frazier, R.; Goldstein, J.; Grimes, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Kreczko, L.; Metson, S.; Newbold, D. M.; Nirunpong, K.; Poll, A.; Senkin, S.; Smith, V. J.; Williams, T.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Basso, L.; Bell, K. W.; Belyaev, A.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Jackson, J.; Kennedy, B. W.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Tomalin, I. R.; Womersley, W. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Bainbridge, R.; Ball, G.; Beuselinck, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Cutajar, M.; Dauncey, P.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Ferguson, W.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Gilbert, A.; Guneratne Bryer, A.; Hall, G.; Hatherell, Z.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Jarvis, M.; Karapostoli, G.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A. -M.; Marrouche, J.; Mathias, B.; Nandi, R.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Pioppi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rogerson, S.; Rompotis, N.; Rose, A.; Ryan, M. J.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sparrow, A.; Tapper, A.; Tourneur, S.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Wardle, N.; Wardrope, D.; Whyntie, T.] Imperial Coll, London, England. [Barrett, M.; Chadwick, M.; Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Martin, W.; Reid, I. D.; Symonds, P.; Teodorescu, L.; Turner, M.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge, Middx, England. [Hatakeyama, K.; Liu, H.; Scarborough, T.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX USA. [Henderson, C.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Avetisyan, A.; Bose, T.; Carrera Jarrin, E.; Fantasia, C.; Heister, A.; St John, J.; Lawson, P.; Lazic, D.; Rohlf, J.; Sperka, D.; Sulak, L.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA USA. [Bhattacharya, S.; Cutts, D.; Ferapontov, A.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.; Kukartsev, G.; Landsberg, G.; Luk, M.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Segala, M.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI USA. [Breedon, R.; Breto, G.; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M.; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Conway, R.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Houtz, R.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Mall, O.; Miceli, T.; Pellett, D.; Robles, J.; Rutherford, B.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Tripathi, M.; Vasquez Sierra, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Andreev, V.; Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Duris, J.; Erhan, S.; Everaerts, P.; Farrell, C.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Plager, C.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.; Weber, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Babb, J.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Giordano, F.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Liu, H.; Long, O. R.; Luthra, A.; Nguyen, H.; Paramesvaran, S.; Sturdy, J.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA. [Andrews, W.; Branson, J. G.; Cerati, G. B.; Evans, D.; Golf, F.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Macneill, I.; Mangano, B.; Padhi, S.; Palmer, C.; Petrucciani, G.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Ranieri, R.; Sani, M.; Sfiligoi, I.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Sudano, E.; Tadel, M.; Tu, Y.; Vartak, A.; Wasserbaech, S.; Wurthwein, F.; Yagil, A.; Yoo, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA. [Barge, D.; Bellan, R.; Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Danielson, T.; Flowers, K.; Geffert, P.; George, C.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Lowette, S.; Mccoll, N.; Mullin, S. D.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; Vlimant, J. R.; West, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Di Marco, E.; Duarte, J.; Gataullin, M.; Ma, Y.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Rogan, C.; Timciuc, V.; Traczyk, P.; Veverka, J.; Wilkinson, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. [Akgun, B.; Carroll, R.; Ferguson, T.; Iiyama, Y.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Liu, Y. F.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Edelmaier, C. J.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Heyburn, B.; Luiggi Lopez, E.; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K. A.; Wagner, S. R.; Zang, S. L.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. [Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Eggert, N.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Hopkins, W.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Kreis, B.; Nicolas Kaufman, G.; Patterson, J. R.; Puigh, D.; Ryd, A.; Salvati, E.; Shi, X.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Vaughan, J.; Weng, Y.; Winstrom, L.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Biselli, A.; Cirino, G.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT USA. [Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Anderson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Bakken, J. A.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bloch, I.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Chetluru, V.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Cooper, W.; Eartly, D. P.; Elvira, V. D.; Esen, S.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gao, Y.; Gottschalk, E.; Green, D.; Gutsche, O.; Hanlon, J.; Harris, R. M.; Hirschauer, J.; Hooberman, B.; Jensen, H.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kunori, S.; Kwan, S.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Miao, T.; Mishra, K.; Mrenna, S.; Musienko, Y.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Pivarski, J.; Pordes, R.; Prokofyev, O.; Schwarz, T.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sharma, S.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Tan, P.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitmore, J.; Wu, W.; Yang, F.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Chen, M.; Das, S.; De Gruttola, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Dobur, D.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fisher, M.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gartner, J.; Goldberg, S.; Hugon, J.; Kim, B.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Kypreos, T.; Low, J. F.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Muniz, L.; Myeonghun, P.; Remington, R.; Rinkevicius, A.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Sellers, P.; Skhirtladze, N.; Snowball, M.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.; Zakaria, M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gaultney, V.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bochenek, J.; Chen, J.; Diamond, B.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, M.; Johnson, K. F.; Prosper, H.; Sekmen, S.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Weinberg, M.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Baarmand, M. M.; Dorney, B.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL USA. [Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Bai, Y.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dragoiu, C.; Gauthier, L.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatyan, S.; Kunde, G. J.; Lacroix, F.; Malek, M.; O'Brien, C.; Silkworth, C.; Silvestre, C.; Strom, D.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois Chicago UIC, Chicago, IL USA. [Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Duru, F.; Griffiths, S.; Lae, C. K.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Sen, S.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bolognesi, S.; Bonato, A.; Eskew, C.; Fehling, D.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Hu, G.; Maksimovic, P.; Rappoccio, S.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N. V.; Whitbeck, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Benelli, G.; Grachov, O.; Kenny Iii, R. P.; Murray, M.; Noonan, D.; Sanders, S.; Stringer, R.; Tinti, G.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA. [Barfuss, A. F.; Bolton, T.; Chakaberia, I.; Ivanov, A.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Shrestha, S.; Svintradze, I.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS USA. [Gronberg, J.; Lange, D.; Wright, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Baden, A.; Boutemeur, M.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kirn, M.; Kolberg, T.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Peterman, A.; Rossato, K.; Rumerio, P.; Skuja, A.; Temple, J.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Twedt, E.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Alver, B.; Bauer, G.; Bendavid, J.; Busza, W.; Butz, E.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; Dutta, V.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Hahn, K. A.; Harris, P.; Kim, Y.; Klute, M.; Lee, Y. -J.; Li, W.; Luckey, P. D.; Ma, T.; Nahn, S.; Paus, C.; Ralph, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rudolph, M.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Stockli, F.; Sumorok, K.; Sung, K.; Velicanu, D.; Wenger, E. A.; Wolf, R.; Wyslouch, B.; Xie, S.; Yang, M.; Yilmaz, Y.; Yoon, A. S.; Zanetti, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Cooper, S. I.; Cushman, P.; Dahmes, B.; De Benedetti, A.; Franzoni, G.; Gude, A.; Haupt, J.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Pastika, N.; Rekovic, V.; Rusack, R.; Sasseville, M.; Singovsky, A.; Turkewitz, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cremaldi, L. M.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Perera, L.; Rahmat, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Summers, D.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS USA. [Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Butt, J.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Jindal, P.; Keller, J.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Malbouisson, H.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA. [Baur, U.; Godshalk, A.; Iashvili, I.; Jain, S.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Shipkowski, S. P.; Smith, K.; Wan, Z.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Trocino, D.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA USA. [Anastassov, A.; Kubik, A.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Ofierzynski, R. A.; Pollack, B.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Antonelli, L.; Berry, D.; Brinkerhoff, A.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kolb, J.; Lannon, K.; Luo, W.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Morse, D. M.; Pearson, T.; Ruchti, R.; Slaunwhite, J.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Ziegler, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Hill, C.; Killewald, P.; Kotov, K.; Ling, T. Y.; Rodenburg, M.; Vuosalo, C.; Williams, G.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. [Adam, N.; Berry, E.; Elmer, P.; Gerbaudo, D.; Halyo, V.; Hebda, P.; Hunt, A.; Laird, E.; Lopes Pegna, D.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Piroue, P.; Quan, X.; Raval, A.; Saka, H.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Zuranski, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ USA. [Acosta, J. G.; Huang, X. T.; Lopez, A.; Mendez, H.; Oliveros, S.; Ramirez Vargas, J. E.; Zatserklyaniy, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Alagoz, E.; Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Bolla, G.; Borrello, L.; Bortoletto, D.; De Mattia, M.; Everett, A.; Gutay, L.; Hu, Z.; Jones, M.; Koybasi, O.; Kress, M.; Laasanen, A. T.; Leonardo, N.; Maroussov, V.; Merkel, P.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Shipsey, I.; Silvers, D.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Vidal Marono, M.; Yoo, H. D.; Zablocki, J.; Zheng, Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Guragain, S.; Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA USA. [Adair, A.; Boulahouache, C.; Cuplov, V.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Zabel, J.] Rice Univ, CERN, Houston, TX USA. [Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; Chung, Y. S.; Covarelli, R.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Eshaq, Y.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Goldenzweig, P.; Gotra, Y.; Han, J.; Harel, A.; Miner, D. C.; Petrillo, G.; Sakumoto, W.; Vishnevskiy, D.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Bhatti, A.; Ciesielski, R.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Lungu, G.; Malik, S.; Mesropian, C.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY USA. [Arora, S.; Atramentov, O.; Barker, A.; Chou, J. P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Duggan, D.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Hits, D.; Lath, A.; Panwalkar, S.; Park, M.; Patel, R.; Richards, A.; Rose, K.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Cerizza, G.; Hollingsworth, M.; Spanier, S.; Yang, Z. C.; York, A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Eusebi, R.; Flanagan, W.; Gilmore, J.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Montalvo, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Perloff, A.; Roe, J.; Safonov, A.; Sengupta, S.; Suarez, I.; Tatarinov, A.; Toback, D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Akchurin, N.; Bardak, C.; Damgov, J.; Dudero, P. R.; Jeong, C.; Kovitanggoon, K.; Lee, S. 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[Starodumov, A.; Nikitenko, A.] Scuola Normale & Sez INFN, pisa, Italy. [Bakirci, M. N.; Topakli, H.] Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Tokat, Turkey. [Cerci, S.; Sunar Cerci, D.; Tali, B.] Adiyaman Univ, Adiyaman, Turkey. [Sogut, K.] Mersin Univ, Mersin, Turkey. [Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.] Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey. [Ozkorucuklu, S.] Suleyman Demirel Univ, Isparta, Turkey. [Sonmez, N.] Ege Univ, Izmir, Turkey. [Basso, L.; Belyaev, A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton, Hants, England. [Wasserbaech, S.] Utah Valley Univ, Orem, UT USA. [Kunde, G. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mermerkaya, H.] Erzincan Univ, Erzincan, Turkey. RP Chatrchyan, S (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia. RI Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/E-8563-2013; Montanari, Alessandro/J-2420-2012; Zalewski, Piotr/H-7335-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Tinti, Gemma/I-5886-2013; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; Liu, Sheng/K-2815-2013; Markina, Anastasia/E-3390-2012; Dogangun, Oktay/L-9252-2013; Troitsky, Sergey/C-1377-2014; Raidal, Martti/F-4436-2012; Venturi, Andrea/J-1877-2012; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Lokhtin, Igor/D-7004-2012; Snigirev, Alexander/D-8912-2012; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; tosi, mia/J-5777-2012; Kadastik, Mario/B-7559-2008; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Petrushanko, Sergey/D-6880-2012; Santaolalla, Javier/C-3094-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Goh, Junghwan/Q-3720-2016; Govoni, Pietro/K-9619-2016; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; Yazgan, Efe/C-4521-2014; Gerbaudo, Davide/J-4536-2012; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014; Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Azarkin, Maxim/N-2578-2015; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Kirakosyan, Martin/N-2701-2015; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Seixas, Joao/F-5441-2013; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/L-4142-2016; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Xie, Si/O-6830-2016; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/A-5598-2009; Konecki, Marcin/G-4164-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; My, Salvatore/I-5160-2015; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Dremin, Igor/K-8053-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Leonidov, Andrey/M-4440-2013; Andreev, Vladimir/M-8665-2015; Cakir, Altan/P-1024-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Marinho, Franciole/N-8101-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Leonidov, Andrey/P-3197-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; Hektor, Andi/G-1804-2011; Grandi, Claudio/B-5654-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Sen, Sercan/C-6473-2014; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Janssen, Xavier/E-1915-2013; Bartalini, Paolo/E-2512-2014; Codispoti, Giuseppe/F-6574-2014; Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Calderon, Alicia/K-3658-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/L-1203-2014 OI Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Dogangun, Oktay/0000-0002-1255-2211; Troitsky, Sergey/0000-0001-6917-6600; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Goh, Junghwan/0000-0002-1129-2083; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Gerbaudo, Davide/0000-0002-4463-0878; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Flix, Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/0000-0003-3177-4626; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/0000-0002-2129-1279; Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; My, Salvatore/0000-0002-9938-2680; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Marinho, Franciole/0000-0002-7327-0349; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Hektor, Andi/0000-0001-7873-8118; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; Sen, Sercan/0000-0001-7325-1087; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Codispoti, Giuseppe/0000-0003-0217-7021; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/0000-0002-1100-2963 FU Helmholtz Gemeinschaft [VH-HA-101]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio; European Commission [PITN-GA-2010-264564] FX We are thankful to M. Garzelli, E. Re and Z. Trocsanyi for useful discussions. This work has been supported by Helmholtz Gemeinschaft under contract VH-HA-101 (Alliance Physics at the Terascale), by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 9 and by the European Commission through contract PITN-GA-2010-264564 (LHCPhenoNet). NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 IS 1 AR 133 DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2012)133 PG 145 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 890YP UT WOS:000300183300050 ER PT S AU Kronfeld, AS AF Kronfeld, Andreas S. BE Holstein, BR TI Twenty-First Century Lattice Gauge Theory: Results from the Quantum Chromodynamics Lagrangian SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 62 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE hadron spectrum; chiral symmetry breaking; Standard Model parameters; nucleon properties; dark matter; phase transitions ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; PARTICLE PHYSICS; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; QCD; MASSES; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SCATTERING; FERMIONS; SYMMETRY AB Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) reduces the strong interactions, in all their variety, to a simple nonabelian gauge theory. It clearly and elegantly explains hadrons at short distances, which has led to its universal acceptance. Since its advent, however, many of its long-distance, emergent properties have been believed to be true without having been demonstrated to be true. This article reviews various results in this regime that have been established with lattice gauge theory, directly from the QCD Lagrangian. This research sheds light on the origin of hadron masses, its interplay with dynamical symmetry breaking, and other intriguing features such as the phase structure of QCD. Also, nonperturbative QCD is quantitatively important to many aspects of particle physics (especially the quark flavor sector), nuclear physics, and astrophysics. This review also surveys some of the most interesting connections to those subjects. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kronfeld, AS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ask@fnal.gov NR 144 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1562-7 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2012 VL 62 BP 265 EP 284 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102711-094942 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCV48 UT WOS:000311570100011 ER PT S AU Armstrong, DS McKeown, RD AF Armstrong, D. S. McKeown, R. D. BE Holstein, BR TI Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and the Electric and Magnetic Strange Form Factors of the Nucleon SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 62 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE neutral current; lepton scattering; electromagnetic form factors; strange form factors ID FABRY-PEROT CAVITY; PROTON-SCATTERING; COMPTON POLARIMETER; SPIN POLARIZATION; JEFFERSON-LAB; SYSTEM; TARGET; MOMENT; HALL AB Measurements of the neutral weak-vector form factors of the nucleon provide unique access to the strange quark content of the nucleon. These form factors can be studied by using parity-violating electron scattering. A comprehensive program of experiments has been performed at three accelerator laboratories to determine the role of strange quarks in the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. This article reviews the remarkable technical progress associated with this program, describes the various methods used in the different experiments, and summarizes the physics results along with recent theoretical calculations. C1 [Armstrong, D. S.; McKeown, R. D.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [McKeown, R. D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Armstrong, DS (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 63 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1562-7 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2012 VL 62 BP 337 EP 359 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130419 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCV48 UT WOS:000311570100014 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, A Guedj, J Perelson, AS AF Chatterjee, Anushree Guedj, Jeremie Perelson, Alan S. TI Mathematical modelling of HCV infection: what can it teach us in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents? SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Review ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; VIRAL DYNAMICS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; RNA REPLICATION; ALPHA-INTERFERON; CELL-CULTURE; WILD-TYPE; KINETICS; THERAPY AB HCV infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and affects nearly 170 million people worldwide. Whereas the previous standard of care with pegylated interferon and ribavirin had a modest effectiveness, the recent approval of two highly potent protease inhibitors and the ongoing development of dozens of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) constitute a major milestone for HCV therapy. Mathematical modelling of viral kinetics under treatment has played an instrumental role in improving our understanding of virus pathogenesis and in guiding drug development. Here, we review the current state of HCV kinetic modelling, and challenges to the standard biphasic viral decline model that arise when fitting viral kinetic models to data obtained with DAAs. C1 [Chatterjee, Anushree; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov RI Guedj, Jeremie/A-6842-2017 OI Guedj, Jeremie/0000-0002-5534-5482 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NIH [AI028433, P20-RR018754, AI065256, AI078881]; National Center for Research Resources; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) [8R01-OD011095-21]; LANL LDRD Program; Roche FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and supported by NIH grants AI028433, P20-RR018754, AI065256, AI078881 and the National Center for Research Resources and the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) through grant 8R01-OD011095-21 (ASP). We also acknowledge the LANL LDRD Program for providing partial funding for AC.; ASP is a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb, the manufacturer of daclatasvir, and has received grant support from Roche, the manufacturer of mericitabine. All other authors declare no competing interests. NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1171 EP 1182 DI 10.3851/IMP2428 PN B PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 039JE UT WOS:000311240600007 PM 23186606 ER PT J AU Ochoa, C Baumgardner, D Grutter, M Allan, J Fast, J Rappenglueck, B AF Ochoa, C. Baumgardner, D. Grutter, M. Allan, J. Fast, J. Rappenglueck, B. TI Physical and chemical properties of the regional mixed layer of Mexico's Megapolis Part II: evaluation of measured and modeled trace gases and particle size distributions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; AIR-QUALITY; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; CITY; EVOLUTION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB This study extends the work of Baumgardner et al. (2009) in which measurements of trace gases and particles, at a remote, high altitude mountain site, 60 km from Mexico City were analyzed with respect to the origin of the air masses. In the current evaluation, the temperature, water vapor mixing ratio (WMR), ozone (O-3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and acyl peroxy nitrate (APN) are simulated with the WRF-Chem chemical transport model and compared with the measurements at the mountain site. Comparisons between the model and measurements are also evaluated for particle size distributions (PSDs) of the mass concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and organic mass (OM). The model predictions of the diurnal trends in temperature, WMR and trace gases were generally well correlated; 13 of the 18 correlations were significant at a confidence level of <0.01. Less satisfactory were the average hourly differences between model and measurements that showed predicted values within expected, natural variation for only 10 of the 18 comparisons. The model performed best when comparing with the measurements during periods when the air originated from the east. In that case all six of the parameters being compared had average differences between the model and measurements less than the expected standard deviation. For the cases when the air masses are from the southwest or west northwest, only two of the comparisons from each case showed differences less than the expected standard deviation. The differences appear to be a result of an overly rapid growth of the boundary layer predicted by the model and too much dilution. There also is more O-3 being produced, most likely by photochemical production, downwind of the emission sources than is predicted by the model. The measured and modeled PSD compare very well with respect to their general shape and the diameter of the peak concentrations. The spectra are log normally distributed with most of the mass in the accumulation mode centered at 200+/-20 nm and little observed or predicted changes with respect to the time when the RML is above the Altzomoni research station. Only the total mass changes with time and air mass origin. The invariability of average diameter of the accumulation mode suggests that there is very little growth of the particles by condensation or coagulation after six hours of aging downwind of the major sources of anthropogenic emissions in Mexico's Megapolis. This could greatly simplify parameterization in climate models although it is not known at this time if this invariance can be extended to other megacity regions. C1 [Ochoa, C.; Baumgardner, D.; Grutter, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Allan, J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com RI Allan, James/B-1160-2010 OI Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876 FU PAPIIT [IN-117403 IN-113306]; James S. McDonnell Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the national park of Izta-Popo-Zoquiapan and its personnel for supporting the research at the Altzomoni measurement site and for assisting us in maintaining the equipment during the project. We would like to thank Armando Retama, director of the Red Automatica de Monitoreo Atmosferico (RAMA) for providing the RAMA mobile van during the preliminary measurements in November 2005 and the measurements from RAMA in the city during March, 2006. We are grateful to TSI Inc, Mexico, for the loan of the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) that was used during the project and to Lynn Russell, of Scripps Oceanographic Institute, for the loan of the AMS. This project was partially supported by PAPIIT grants #IN-117403 IN-113306. The AMS measurements at Altzomoni were partially supported by a grant from the James S. McDonnell Foundation. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 10161 EP 10179 DI 10.5194/acp-12-10161-2012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 035NR UT WOS:000310954400011 ER PT J AU Benzi, M Olshanskii, MA Rebholz, LG Wang, Z AF Benzi, Michele Olshanskii, Maxim A. Rebholz, Leo G. Wang, Zhen TI Assessment of a vorticity based solver for the Navier-Stokes equations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; Vorticity; Helical density; Finite element method; Preconditioning; Augmented Lagrangian method ID VELOCITY FORMULATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; ROTATION FORM; OSEEN PROBLEM; HELICITY; ALGORITHM; FLOW; PRECONDITIONERS; COMPUTATIONS; SIMULATIONS AB We investigate numerically a recently proposed vorticity based formulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The formulation couples a velocity-pressure system with a vorticity-helicity system, and is intended to provide a numerical scheme with enhanced accuracy and superior conservation properties. For a few benchmark problems, we study the performance of a finite element method for this formulation and compare it with the commonly used velocity-pressure based finite element method. It is shown that both steady and unsteady discrete problems in the new formulation admit simple decoupiing strategies followed by the application of iterative solves to auxiliary subproblems. Further, we compare several iterative strategies to solve the discrete problems and study the interplay between the choice of stabilization parameters in the finite element method and the efficiency of linear algebra solvers. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Olshanskii, Maxim A.] Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Benzi, Michele] Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Olshanskii, Maxim A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Mech & Math, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Rebholz, Leo G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Wang, Zhen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Olshanskii, MA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM benzi@mathcs.emory.edu; molshan@math.uh.edu; rebholz@clemson.edu; wangz@ornl.gov FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-01-00767, 11-01-00971, 12-01-00283]; National Science Foundation [DMS 1112598]; Laney Graduate School of Arts and Science at Emory University; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC. FX Partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research through Grants 11-01-00767, 11-01-00971 and 12-01-00283.; Partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant DMS 1112598.; Partially supported by the Laney Graduate School of Arts and Science at Emory University and by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2012 VL 247 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2012.07.016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 035KC UT WOS:000310944400015 ER PT J AU Hu, QH Mao, XL AF Hu, Qinhong Mao, Xianglei TI Application of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to studies of chemical diffusion, sorption, and transport in natural rock SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LA-ICP-MS; imbibition; diffusion; sorption; transport; rock ID LA-ICP-MS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; INTERNAL STANDARD; FLUID INCLUSIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NEVADA; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY AB We applied laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques to make spatial measurements of chemical tracer concentrations in three natural rock types (tuff, sandstone, greywacke) in order to characterize important processes affecting chemical fate and transport (e.g., diffusion, sorption, imbibition, and advective transport). Specifically, we (1) evaluated LA-ICP-MS factors (e.g., spot size, laser pulse, primary grain size, and surface roughness) affecting quantitative laser sampling in both surface and depth mapping; and (2) applied LA-ICP-MS to investigate the fate and transport processes of a suite of chemicals (both nonsorbing and sorbing) in natural rock through laboratory studies of imbibition, diffusion under both saturated and unsaturated conditions, and transport in a rock core traversed by a saw-cut fracture. The results indicate that micro-scale mapping using LA-ICP-MS is a robust and sensitive technique for evaluating fate and transport of chemical species in natural rock. Direct mapping of chemical distributions using LA-ICP-MS techniques in natural rock offers distinct advantages over other methods of study, such as batch sorption experiments using crushed rock samples, and through-diffusion studies involving lengthy experiments during which test conditions may be difficult to maintain. Values of sorption distribution coefficient as determined using LA-ICP-MS techniques with centimeter-sized tuff samples, are consistently smaller, in both imbibition and diffusion experiments, than those obtained from batch-sorption tests using crushed samples with grain sizes in the 0.5-2.0 mm range. C1 [Hu, Qinhong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Mao, Xianglei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, QH (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 500 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM maxhu@uta.edu RI Hu, Qinhong/C-3096-2009 OI Hu, Qinhong/0000-0002-4782-319X FU University of Texas at Arlington; Department of Energy (DOE) through the U.S. DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX The financial support for this work was partially provided by the University of Texas at Arlington, and by the Department of Energy (DOE) to the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 5 BP 459 EP 475 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 036JH UT WOS:000311021700008 ER PT J AU Turner, WJN Sherman, MH Walker, IS AF Turner, William J. N. Sherman, Max H. Walker, Iain S. TI Infiltration as ventilation: Weather-induced dilution SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AIR INFILTRATION; STACK; WIND AB The purpose of outdoor air ventilation is to dilute or remove indoor contaminants to which occupants are exposed. It can be provided by mechanical or natural means. In most homes, especially older homes, weather-driven infiltration provides the dominant fraction of the total ventilation. As we seek to provide good indoor air quality at minimum energy cost, it is important to neither over-ventilate nor under-ventilate. Thus, it becomes critically important to evaluate correctly the contribution that infiltration makes to the total outdoor air ventilation rate. Because weather-driven infiltration is dependent on building air leakage and weather-induced pressure differences, a given amount of air leakage will provide different amounts of infiltration. Varying rates of infiltration will provide different levels of contaminant dilution and, hence, effective ventilation. This article derives these interactions and then calculates the impact of weather-driven infiltration for different climates. A new "N-factor" is introduced to provide a convenient method for calculating the ventilation contribution of infiltration for over 1000 locations across North America. The results of this work could be used in indoor air quality standards (specifically ASHRAE 62.2) to account for the contribution of weather-driven infiltration toward the dilution of indoor pollutants. C1 [Turner, William J. N.; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, Iain S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Turner, WJN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mail Stop 90-3074, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM WJNTurner@lbl.gov FU Office of the Building Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of the Building Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy (contract DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1122 EP 1135 DI 10.1080/10789669.2012.704836 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 037QV UT WOS:000311122500006 ER PT J AU Fordyce, PM Diaz-Botia, CA DeRisi, JL Gomez-Sjoberg, R AF Fordyce, P. M. Diaz-Botia, C. A. DeRisi, J. L. Gomez-Sjoberg, R. TI Systematic characterization of feature dimensions and closing pressures for microfluidic valves produced via photoresist reflow SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION; VERSATILE AB Multilayer soft lithography (MSL) provides a convenient and low-cost method for fabricating poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices with on-chip valves for automated and precise control of fluid flow. MSL casting molds for flow channels typically incorporate small patches of rounded positive photoresist at valve locations to achieve the rounded cross-sectional profile required for these valves to function properly. Despite the importance of these rounded features for device performance, a comprehensive characterization of how the rounding process affects feature dimensions and closing pressures has been lacking. Here, we measure valve dimensions both before and after rounding and closing pressures for 120 different valve widths and lengths at post-rounding heights between 15 and 84 mm, for a total of 1200 different geometries spanning a wide range of useful sizes. We find that valve height and width after rounding depend strongly on valve aspect ratios, with these effects becoming more pronounced for taller and narrower features. Based on the measured data, we provide a simple fitted model and an online tool for estimating the pre-rounding dimensions needed to achieve desired post-rounding dimensions. We also find that valve closing pressures are well explained by modelling valve membranes in a manner analogous to a suspension bridge, shedding new light on device physics and providing a practical model for estimating closing pressures during device design. C1 [Fordyce, P. M.; DeRisi, J. L.; Gomez-Sjoberg, R.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Fordyce, P. M.; DeRisi, J. L.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. [Diaz-Botia, C. A.; Gomez-Sjoberg, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fordyce, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, 1700 4th St,Byers Hall,Room 403, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM polly@derisilab.ucsf.edu; RGomez@lbl.gov OI Fordyce, Polly/0000-0002-9505-0638 FU Helen Hay Whitney Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX We thank Colin Campbell for assistance photographing microfluidic devices, and Kurt Thorn for assistance with membrane thickness measurements. P.M.F. was supported by a fellowship administered jointly by the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. R.G.-S. acknowledges generous support from the Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 21 BP 4287 EP 4295 DI 10.1039/c2lc40414a PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 035BF UT WOS:000310916100012 PM 22930180 ER PT J AU Kwon, JS Ravindranath, SP Kumar, A Irudayaraj, J Wereley, ST AF Kwon, Jae-Sung Ravindranath, Sandeep P. Kumar, Aloke Irudayaraj, Joseph Wereley, Steven T. TI Opto-electrokinetic manipulation for high-performance on-chip bioassays SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID FREE-FLOW MAGNETOPHORESIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MAGNETIC PARTICLES; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; SEPARATION; DIELECTROPHORESIS; GROWTH; CELLS; ELECTROPHORESIS; BACTERIA AB This communication first demonstrates bio-compatibility of a recently developed opto-electrokinetic manipulation technique, using microorganisms. Aggregation, patterning, translation, trapping and size-based separation of microorganisms performed with the technique firmly establishes its usefulness for development of a high-performance on-chip bioassay system. C1 [Kwon, Jae-Sung; Wereley, Steven T.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kwon, Jae-Sung; Wereley, Steven T.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ravindranath, Sandeep P.; Irudayaraj, Joseph] Purdue Univ, Sch Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ravindranath, Sandeep P.; Irudayaraj, Joseph] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kumar, Aloke] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wereley, ST (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wereley@purdue.edu RI Kumar, Aloke/A-9122-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NIH-NIEHS [5R01ES017066-03] FX A. Kumar performed the work as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow and staff member at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Also, S. P. Ravindranath and J. Irudayaraj acknowledge funding from NIH-NIEHS 5R01ES017066-03 grant. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 23 BP 4955 EP 4959 DI 10.1039/c2lc40662d PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 035BJ UT WOS:000310916500002 PM 23099738 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Liu, LJ Sham, TK Liu, ZX AF Han, Wei-Qiang Liu, Lijia Sham, T. K. Liu, Zhenxian TI Structure and luminescence properties of 10-BN sheets SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; NANOSHEETS; SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON AB Isotopic (BN)-B-10 sheets were first prepared using graphene sheets as templates to react with (B2O3)-B-10. The edge-areas of BN sheets have much higher oxygen-doping ratios compared to other areas. The emission peak of X-ray excited optical luminescence spectra of the (BN)-B-10-sheets is broader and red-shifted because of the isotopic effect. A broad violet-blue emission at a wavelength centered at similar to 400 nm is assigned to the defect emission due to oxygen-doping and defects in the BN network. C1 [Han, Wei-Qiang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Liu, Lijia; Sham, T. K.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Liu, Zhenxian] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM whan@bnl.gov RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSERC; CRC; CFI; OIT; NRC; CHIR; University of Saskatchewan; NSF [EAR 06-49658]; DOE/NNSA [DE-FC03-03N00144]; DOE/BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Research at the University of Western Ontario in supported by NSERC, CRC, CFI and OIT. The Canadian Light Source (CLS), where the synchrotron measurements were conducted is supported by CFI, NSERC, NRC, CHIR, and the University of Saskatchewan. We would like to thank beamline scientists L. Zuin and C. Ryan (VLS-PGM beamline), T. Regier and D. Chevrier (SGM beamline) for their technical support at the CLS. The use of the U2A beamline at the NSLS is supported by NSF (EAR 06-49658, COMPRES) and DOE/NNSA (DE-FC03-03N00144, CDAC). NSLS is supported by the DOE/BES (DE-AC02-98CH10886). NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 22 BP 6951 EP 6954 DI 10.1039/c2nr31757e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 035VF UT WOS:000310978100004 PM 23034596 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, JD Kondic, L Diez, JA Gonzalez, AG Wu, YY Roberts, NA McCold, CE Rack, PD AF Fowlkes, Jason D. Kondic, Lou Diez, Javier A. Gonzalez, Alejandro G. Wu, Yueying Roberts, Nick A. McCold, Cliff E. Rack, Philip D. TI Parallel assembly of particles and wires on substrates by dictating instability evolution in liquid metal films SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; METAMATERIALS; FABRICATION; PLASMONICS; DEVICES; SCALE AB Liquid metal wires supported on substrates destabilize into droplets. The destabilization exhibits many characteristics of the Rayleigh-Plateau model of fluid jet breakup in vacuum. In either case, breakup is driven by unstable, varicose surface oscillations with wavelengths greater than the critical one (lambda(c)). Here, by controlling the nanosecond liquid lifetime as well as stability of a rivulet as a function of its length by lithography, we demonstrate the ability to dictate the parallel assembly of wires and particles with precise placement. C1 [Fowlkes, Jason D.; Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Wu, Yueying; Roberts, Nick A.; Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kondic, Lou] New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Appl Math & Stat, Dept Math Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Diez, Javier A.; Gonzalez, Alejandro G.] Univ Nacl Ctr Prov Buenos Aires, Inst Fis Arroyo Seco, RA-7000 Tandil, Argentina. [McCold, Cliff E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fowlkes, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. EM fowlkesjd@ornl.gov RI Roberts, Nicholas/H-3275-2014; OI Roberts, Nicholas/0000-0002-6490-9454; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254; Gonzalez, Alejandro G./0000-0002-4710-6414 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy; NSF [DMS-0908158]; ANPCyT - Argentina [PICT 2498/06] FX J. Fowlkes., Y. Wu and P. Rack acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division for supporting the experimental portions of this work related to the pulsed laser irradiation of thin films and understanding the fundamental mechanisms operative during liquid phase, thin film dewetting. J. Diez, P. Rack and J. Fowlkes also acknowledge that the lithography and electron imaging results reported in this paper were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. L. Kondic acknowledges support by the NSF grant no. DMS-0908158. J. Diez and A. Gonzalez acknowledge CONICET - Argentina for travel support within the International Cooperation Program and ANPCyT - Argentina for support within the project PICT 2498/06. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 23 BP 7376 EP 7382 DI 10.1039/c2nr31637d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 035VM UT WOS:000310978900014 PM 23041770 ER PT J AU Jin, MG Zuo, WD Chen, QY AF Jin, Mingang Zuo, Wangda Chen, Qingyan TI IMPROVEMENTS OF FAST FLUID DYNAMICS FOR SIMULATING AIR FLOW IN BUILDINGS SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; MODELS; SCHEMES; TIME; FFD AB Fast fluid dynamics (FFD) can potentially be used for real-time indoor air-flow simulations. This study developed two-dimensional fast fluid dynamics (2-D FFD) into three-dimensional fast fluid dynamics (3-D FFD). The implementation of boundary conditions at the outlet was improved with a local mass conservation method. A near-wall treatment for the semi-Lagrangian scheme was also proposed. This study validated the 3-D FFD with five flows that have features of indoor air flow. The results show that the 3-D FFD can successfully capture the three dimensionality of air-flow and provide reliable and reasonably accurate simulations for indoor air flows with a speed of about 15 times faster than current computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. C1 [Chen, Qingyan] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Natl Air Transportat Ctr Excellence Res Intermoda, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zuo, Wangda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, QY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Natl Air Transportat Ctr Excellence Res Intermoda, 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yanchen@purdue.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 6 BP 419 EP 438 DI 10.1080/10407790.2012.724988 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 035PG UT WOS:000310958900002 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Kramer, MJ Hao, SG Ho, KM Wang, CZ AF Mendelev, M. I. Kramer, M. J. Hao, S. G. Ho, K. M. Wang, C. Z. TI Computer simulation of the structure of MZr2 liquid and amorphous alloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulation; X-ray diffraction; liquid metal; amorphous alloy ID CU-ZR ALLOYS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS APPROPRIATE; THERMODYNAMIC REASSESSMENT; SYSTEM; TRANSITION; NI; TRANSFORMATIONS; ENTHALPIES; ZIRCONIUM; METALS AB In the present study, we compare the structure of NiZr2 and CuZr2 disordered (liquid and amorphous) alloys. While Cu and Ni have similar atomic radii, the formation heats of these alloys differ by more than a factor of two. Moreover, the most stable crystal phase in the CuZr2 alloy has the C11b lattice while the most stable phase in the NiZr2 alloy has the C16 lattice. Comparing these two alloys allows us to directly explore how the chemistry and atomic size affect the disordered phase structure. We find that all differences in the structures of the disordered alloys are readily explained by the smaller Ni-Zr separation driven by the higher heat of mixing and the structure of the disordered alloys does not necessarily resemble the local packing structure of their crystalline counterparts. Comparison of the disordered alloys and their most stable crystal phase structures explains the better glass formability of the CuZr2 alloy. C1 [Mendelev, M. I.; Kramer, M. J.; Hao, S. G.; Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] Ames Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ho, K. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mendelev@ameslab.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 33 BP 4098 EP 4112 DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.704424 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 034FB UT WOS:000310854700005 ER PT J AU Dubinko, VI Hu, S Li, Y Henager, CH Kurtz, RJ AF Dubinko, V. I. Hu, S. Li, Yu Henager, C. H., Jr. Kurtz, R. J. TI Dislocation vs. production bias revisited with account of radiation-induced emission bias. I. Void swelling under electron and light ion irradiation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE radiation damage; bias factors; focusons; quodons; Schottky defects; dynamic equilibrium ID INDUCED VACANCY EMISSION; LATTICE FORMATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINK STRENGTHS; POINT-DEFECTS; DAMAGE; CRYSTALS; METALS; BREATHERS; EVOLUTION AB Early experimental data on void swelling in electron-irradiated materials disagree with the dislocation bias models based on the dislocation-point defect elastic interactions. Later, this became one of the factors that prompted the development of models based on production bias (PBM) as the main driver for swelling, which assumed that the dislocation bias was much lower than that predicted by theoretical analyses of dislocation bias. However, the PBM in its present form fails to account for important and common observations, namely, the indefinite void growth often observed under cascade irradiation and the swelling saturation observed under high-dose irradiation and in void lattices. In this paper, we show that these contradictions can be naturally resolved in the framework of the rate theory that accounts for the radiation-induced vacancy emission from extended defects, such as voids, dislocations and grain boundaries. This modification introduces a new bias type in the theory, namely, the emission bias. This modified rate theory agrees well with the experimental data and demonstrates that the original dislocation bias should be used in rate theory models along with the emission bias in different irradiation environments. The modified theory predictions include, but are not limited to, the radiation-induced annealing of voids, swelling saturation under high-dose irradiation, generally, and in void lattices, in particular. C1 [Dubinko, V. I.] NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Hu, S.; Li, Yu; Henager, C. H., Jr.; Kurtz, R. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dubinko, VI (reprint author), NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM vdubinko@mail.ru OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 FU STCU [5497, 5228]; PNNL EED LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This study has been supported by the STCU grants # 5497; # 5228 and by PNNL EED LDRD and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 33 BP 4113 EP 4150 DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.704425 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 034FB UT WOS:000310854700006 ER PT J AU Fodor, Z Holland, K Kuti, J Nogradi, D Schroeder, C Wong, CH AF Fodor, Zoltan Holland, Kieran Kuti, Julius Nogradi, Daniel Schroeder, Christopher Wong, Chik Him TI Lattice Methods in Gauge Theories beyond the Standard Model SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PHASE-TRANSITION; QUARK FLAVORS; LIGHT QUARKS; QCD; FERMIONS; SPECTRUM; BEHAVIOR; ORDER; SU(2) AB We report extended simulation results and their new analysis in two important gauge theories with twelve fermion flavors in the fundamental SU(3) color representation and two fermions in the sextet representation. We probe the N-f = 12 model with respect to the conformal window using mass deformed finite size scaling (FSS) theory driven by the fermion mass anomalous dimension. Our results at fixed gauge coupling show problems with the conformal scenario of the N-f = 12 model. In the sextet model with two flavors, under the conformal hypothesis, we determine large values for the anomalous fermion mass dimension with gamma >= 1. Since our sextet analysis favors the chiral symmetry breaking hypothesis without conformality, the large exponent gamma could play an important role in understanding the composite Higgs mechanism. The new results discussed here include our extended data sets and exceed what was presented at the conference. C1 [Fodor, Zoltan] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [Holland, Kieran] Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Kuti, Julius; Wong, Chik Him] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys 0319, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nogradi, Daniel] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Schroeder, Christopher] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fodor, Z (reprint author), Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gaussstr 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. EM fodor@bodri.elte.hu; kholland@pacific.edu; jkuti@ucsd.edu; nogradi@bodri.elte.hu; chris.schroeder@gmail.com; rickywong@physics.ucsd.edu FU NSF [0704171, 0970137]; DOE [DOE-FG03-97ER40546, DOE-FG-02-97ER25308]; DFG [FO 502/1, SFB-TR/55]; EU/ERC [208740]; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX Julius Kuti would like to thank Koichi Yamawaki and Yasumichi Aoki for their kind hospitality at the Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute and for the most enjoyable Sakata100 symposium. We are grateful to Kalman Szabo and Sandor Katz for their code development and to Anna Hasenfratz for discussions. The simulations were performed using computational resources at Fermi lab and nab, under the auspices of USQCD and SciDAC. This research is supported by the NSF under grants 0704171 and 0970137, by the DOE under grants DOE-FG03-97ER40546, DOE-FG-02-97ER25308, by the DFG under grant FO 502/1 and by SFB-TR/55, and the EU Framework Programme 7 grant (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC No. 208740. Some of the simulations used allocations from the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number OCI-1053575. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2012 IS 197 BP 31 EP 45 PG 15 GA 036YJ UT WOS:000311067900006 ER PT J AU Bardeen, WA AF Bardeen, William A. TI Kaons - A Micro-Physics Laboratory - "Will You Still Need Me When I'm 64?" (The Beatles) SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; PARTICLES; MODEL; SYMMETRY; BARYONS; MESONS AB I explore the essential role that kaons have played in revealing the nature of the microphysics world of elementary particle physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bardeen, WA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2012 IS 197 BP 128 EP 135 PG 8 GA 036YJ UT WOS:000311067900013 ER PT J AU Mrozek, RA Knorr, DB Spangler, SW Cole, PJ Lenhart, JL AF Mrozek, Randy A. Knorr, Daniel B., Jr. Spangler, Scott W. Cole, Phillip J. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI Impact of precursor size on the chain structure and mechanical properties of solvent-swollen epoxy gels SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID LINKED POLYMER NETWORKS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; MONTE-CARLO; MODULUS; SIMULATION; CYCLIZATION; ELASTOMERS; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB The thermal and mechanical properties of solvent-swollen epoxy gels were investigated as a function of pre-cursor size in a model end-linked network. The epoxy networks were formed by cross-linking diepoxide and diamine precursors in the presence of a low volatility solvent, dibutylphthalate (DBP). Both precursors were end functionalized and contained a poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) spacer between the epoxy and amine functionality, respectively. The lengths of both precursors were controlled by varying the molecular weight of the PPG spacer between functional groups. The glass transition temperature for the gels as a function of solvent loading was well predicted by the Fox equation. The scaling factors of shear storage modulus versus solvent loading increased with increasing diamine precursor molecular weight to values much larger (3.91) than the theoretical value of 2.3, for entanglement dominated network formation in a theta solvent. In contrast, the scaling factor increased with decreasing epoxy precursor molecular weight to values near 4.5. The large, molecular weight dependent scaling factors are attributed to loop defect formation as the result of the amine cross-linker architecture, which consists of two difunctional reactive end groups separated by a spacer. Rather than equal spacing of all four reactive sites, the amine end groups contain two reactive hydrogens that increase the local concentration of reactive species, and facilitates loop formation. We anticipate that this work will aid in the development of non-aqueous gels and provide enhanced tailoring of the gel properties over a broad range of stiffness. C1 [Mrozek, Randy A.; Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] USA, Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Mrozek, Randy A.; Spangler, Scott W.; Cole, Phillip J.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mrozek, RA (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM randy.a.mrozek.civ@mail.mil; joseph.l.lenhart.civ@mail.mil NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 43 BP 11185 EP 11192 DI 10.1039/c2sm25768h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 033VM UT WOS:000310829500022 ER PT J AU Singh, S Junghans, A Waltman, MJ Nagy, A Iyer, R Majewski, J AF Singh, Saurabh Junghans, Ann Waltman, Mary J. Nagy, Amber Iyer, Rashi Majewski, Jaroslaw TI Neutron reflectometry characterization of PEI-PSS polyelectrolyte multilayers for cell culture SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID RAY REFLECTIVITY; FILMS; ELLIPSOMETRY; ATTACHMENT; TRANSPORT; POLYMER; SURFACE AB Using Neutron Reflectometry (NR), polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films made by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of a strong polycation (polyethylene imine [PEI]) and a polyanion (polystyrene sulfonate [PSS]) have been characterized. PEI terminated samples with a total of 5, 7, and 9 layers were deposited on a quartz substrate and studied under three different environmental conditions (i.e., dry air, 100% relative humidity, and bulk water). We were able to model all the measurements at three different contrast conditions using one simple, physically reasonable and consistent model, which led to a firm understanding of the structure of the systems. The PEM thickness was found to vary linearly with the number of layers deposited. Thin film structures formed using the LbL method were constituted of two distinctive regions, i.e., the bottomand top strata. When measured in dry air and D2O vapors, the similar to 30 to 50 angstrom thick bottom stratum was found to consist of loosely packed polymers (i.e. 30% polymer by volume). This region could have resulted from an island type of deposition during the initial stages of LbL assembly. In contrast, the thickness of the top strata, which consisted of densely packed polymers (i.e. 100% polymer by volume when measured in dry air), was found to vary linearly with the number of layers deposited. Upon exposure to D2O saturated vapors, it was observed that the top and bottom strata absorbed significant quantities of heavy water, accompanied with PEM swelling. We estimated that in this case, the top strata comprise ca. 57% (v/v) polymer and 43% (v/v) D2O for 7- and 9-layered samples. No further swelling of the PEM samples was observed when they were exposed to bulk D2O. Nevertheless, the entire polymeric system underwent a rearrangement leading towards the homogenization of the multilayered structure, suggested by the decreased scattering contrast between the top and bottom strata. We also performed studies to assess the cytocompatibility of 7-layered PEM structures. Two different cell types, fibroblasts (3T3) and human embryo kidney cells (HEK-293), were seeded on the polyelectrolyte multilayer, and the cell coverage was monitored by optical microscopy at varying times. Our observations confirmed that cells adhered and spread on PEM substrates, which showed no sign of immediate toxicity. Therefore, such multilayers proved to be a suitable support for 3T3 and HEK-293 cell growth. C1 [Singh, Saurabh; Junghans, Ann; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Waltman, Mary J.; Nagy, Amber; Iyer, Rashi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM saurabh@lanl.gov; jarek@lanl.gov RI Junghans, Ann/A-4257-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; singh, saurabh/A-6119-2010 OI Junghans, Ann/0000-0001-7061-4663; FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. We are thankful to Sofiya Micheva-Viteva and Elisabeth Hong-Geller for providing the HEK-293 cells. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 45 BP 11484 EP 11491 DI 10.1039/c2sm26433a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 033VP UT WOS:000310829800010 ER PT S AU Kasdin, NJ Lisman, D Shaklan, S Thomson, M Cady, E Martin, S Marchen, L Vanderbei, RJ Macintosh, B Rudd, RE Savransky, D Mikula, J Lynch, D AF Kasdin, N. J. Lisman, D. Shaklan, S. Thomson, M. Cady, E. Martin, S. Marchen, L. Vanderbei, R. J. Macintosh, B. Rudd, R. E. Savransky, D. Mikula, J. Lynch, D. BE Clampin, MC Fazio, GG MacEwen, HA Oschmann, JM TI Technology demonstration of starshade manufacturing for NASA's Exoplanet Mission Program SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND MILLIMETER WAVE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave CY JUL 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE External occulters; occulters; starshades; exoplanets; high-contrast imaging; TDEM AB It is likely that the coming decade will see the development of a large visible light telescope with enabling technology for imaging exosolar Earthlike planets in the habitable zone of nearby stars. One such technology utilizes an external occulter, a satellite flying far from the telescope and employing a large screen, or starshade, to suppress the incoming starlight sufficiently for detecting and characterizing exoplanets. This trades the added complexity of building the precisely shaped starshade and flying it information against simplifications in the telescope since extremely precise wavefront control is no longer necessary. In this paper we present the results of our project to design, manufacture, and measure a prototype occulter petal as part of NASA's first Technology Development for Exoplanet Missions program. We describe the mechanical design of the starshade and petal, the precision manufacturing tolerances, and the metrology approach. We demonstrate that the prototype petal meets the requirements and is consistent with a full-size occulter achieving better than 10(-10) contrast. C1 [Kasdin, N. J.; Vanderbei, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lisman, D.; Shaklan, S.; Thomson, M.; Cady, E.; Martin, S.; Marchen, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Macintosh, B.; Rudd, R. E.; Savransky, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Mikula, J.; Lynch, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kasdin, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jkasdin@princeton.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014 OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10AF83G]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology under NASA; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was partially performed under a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), grant number NNX10AF83G. This work was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. The work of Macintosh, Rudd and Savransky was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9143-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8442 AR 84420A DI 10.1117/12.926790 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCM09 UT WOS:000310691600009 ER PT S AU Ferreira, MJ Seraphim, RM Ramirez, AJ Tabacniks, MH Nascente, PAP AF Ferreira, M. J. Seraphim, R. M. Ramirez, A. J. Tabacniks, M. H. Nascente, P. A. P. BE Pan, F Chen, X TI Characterization and evaluation of Ti-Zr-V non-evaporable getter films used in vacuum systems SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM CONGRESS (IVC-18) SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Vacuum Congress (IVC) CY AUG 23-27, 2010 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Vacuum Sci, Tech & Applicat (IUVSTA), Chinese Vacuum Soc (CVS) DE NEG; thermal treatment; X-ray diffraction (XRD); atomic force microscopy (AFM); high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) ID TEMPERATURE; LAMPS AB Among several methods used to obtain ultra-high vacuum (UHV) for particles accelerators chambers, it stands out the internal coating with metallic films capable of absorbing gases, called NEG (non-evaporable getter). Usually these materials are constituted by elements of great chemical reactivity and solubility (such as Ti, Zr, and V), at room temperature for oxygen and other gases typically found in UHV, such as H-2, CO, and CO2. Gold and ternary Ti-Zr-V films were produced by magnetron sputtering, and their composition, structure, morphology, and aging characteristics were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The comparison between the produced films and commercial samples indicated that the desirable characteristics depend on the nanometric structure of the films and that this structure is sensitive to the heat treatments. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Chinese Vacuum Society (CVS). C1 [Ferreira, M. J.; Seraphim, R. M.; Ramirez, A. J.] Brazilizan Synchrotron Light Lab, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Ferreira, M. J.; Nascente, P. A. P.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Mat Engn Dept, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Tabacniks, M. H.] Univ Sao Carlos, Inst Phys, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Ferreira, M. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ferreira, MJ (reprint author), Brazilizan Synchrotron Light Lab, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RI Tabacniks, Manfredo/M-6620-2014; Juni Ferreira, Marcelo/I-5028-2015; OI Tabacniks, Manfredo/0000-0002-1303-2314; Ramirez, Antonio Jose/0000-0002-4252-2857 FU FAPESP; CNPq; LNLS FX This work supported by FAPESP and CNPq, (Brazilian funding agencies), and LNLS. We are grateful to Mr. P. Manini and Mr S. Raimondi from SAES Getters for having prepared and provided some samples. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2012 VL 32 BP 840 EP 852 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.644 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BCM02 UT WOS:000310677500121 ER PT B AU Muljadi, E Gevorgian, V Singh, M Santoso, S AF Muljadi, E. Gevorgian, V. Singh, M. Santoso, S. GP IEEE TI Understanding Inertial and Frequency Response of Wind Power Plants SO 2012 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES IN WIND APPLICATIONS (PEMWA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications (PEMWA) CY JUL 16-18, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS), IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS) DE wind turbine; inertial response; governor response; frequency response ID TURBINES; SPEED AB The objective of this paper is to analyze and quantify the inertia and frequency responses of wind power plants with different wind turbine technologies (particularly those of fixed speed, variable slip with rotor-resistance controls, and variable speed with vector controls). The fundamental theory, the operating range, and the modifications needed for the wind turbine to contribute to the inertial and primary frequency response during the frequency drop will be presented in this paper. We will demonstrate practical approaches to allow variable slip and speed wind turbines to contribute inertia to the host power system grid. The approaches are based on the inclusion of frequency error and the rate of change of frequency signals in the torque control loop and pitch control actions for wind speeds below and above its rated value. Detailed simulation models in the time domain will be conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the approaches. C1 [Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.; Singh, M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Santoso, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov; vahan.gevorgian@nrel.gov; mohit.singh@nrel.gov; ssantoso@ece.utexas.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4673-1129-8; 978-1-4673-1128-1 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BCL56 UT WOS:000310624700006 ER PT B AU Singh, M Muljadi, E Gevorgian, V AF Singh, M. Muljadi, E. Gevorgian, V. GP IEEE TI Test Cases for Wind Power Plant Dynamic Models on Real-Time Digital Simulator SO 2012 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES IN WIND APPLICATIONS (PEMWA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications (PEMWA) CY JUL 16-18, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS), IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS) DE Wind power generation; real-time digital simulator; LVRT AB The objective of this paper is to present test cases for wind turbine generator and wind power plant models commonly used during commissioning of wind power plants to ensure grid integration compatibility. In this paper, different types of wind power plant models based on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council Wind Generator Modeling Group's standardization efforts are implemented on a real-time digital simulator, and different test cases are used to gauge their grid integration capability. The low-voltage ride through and reactive power support capability and limitations of wind turbine generators under different grid conditions are explored. Several types of transient events (e.g., symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, frequency dips) are included in the test cases. The differences in responses from different types of wind turbine are discussed in detail. C1 [Singh, M.; Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov FU RTDS Technologies; Nayak Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of RTDS Technologies and Nayak Corporation. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4673-1129-8; 978-1-4673-1128-1 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BCL56 UT WOS:000310624700005 ER PT S AU Geisz, JF Duda, A France, RM Friedman, DJ Garcia, I Olavarria, W Olson, JM Steiner, MA Ward, JS Young, M AF Geisz, John F. Duda, Anna France, Ryan M. Friedman, Daniel J. Garcia, Ivan Olavarria, Waldo Olson, Jerry M. Steiner, Myles A. Ward, J. Scott Young, Michelle BE Dimroth, F Rubio, F Anton, I TI Optimization Of 3-Junction Inverted Metamorphic Solar Cells For High-Temperature And High-Concentration Operation SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-8) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd DE III-V; multijunction; solar cell; concentrating photovoltaics; inverted metamorphic; IMM AB Four different band gap combinations of triple-junction inverted metamorphic solar cells are characterized as a function of temperature and concentration up to 120 degrees C and similar to 1000 suns. We demonstrate that the standard 1.82/1.40/1.00 eV combination is an excellent for typical operating conditions of 1000 suns and 75 degrees C. Improved metal grids and thermal management in such a cell has achieved 42.6% efficiency at 327 suns and 40.9% at 1093 suns at 25 degrees C. C1 [Geisz, John F.; Duda, Anna; France, Ryan M.; Friedman, Daniel J.; Garcia, Ivan; Olavarria, Waldo; Olson, Jerry M.; Steiner, Myles A.; Ward, J. Scott; Young, Michelle] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Garcia, Ivan/L-1547-2014 OI Garcia, Ivan/0000-0002-9895-2020 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1086-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1477 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1063/1.4753830 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BCL59 UT WOS:000310629900010 ER PT S AU Muller, M Kurtz, S Rodriguez, J AF Muller, Matthew Kurtz, Sarah Rodriguez, Jose BE Dimroth, F Rubio, F Anton, I TI Three Years Of Observed Failures And Performance Related Issues Associated With On-Sun CPV Module Testing SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-8) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd DE CPV; Cell failure; Condensation; Hail; Lens Performance AB In the past three years, at least 15 different concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) companies have sent modules to NREL for on-sun testing and evaluation. While the data set is intended primarily for other purposes, it is useful to present the various failures and performance issues that have occurred over these three years. It is emphasized that many of these modules were prototypes that had not completed design qualification. The observations presented here elucidate potential design challenges the CPV industry generally faces, and in one case an additional test is suggested for the design qualification standard. C1 [Muller, Matthew; Kurtz, Sarah; Rodriguez, Jose] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM matthew.muller@nrel.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1086-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1477 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1063/1.4753854 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BCL59 UT WOS:000310629900034 ER PT S AU Bosco, N Silverman, T Kurtz, S AF Bosco, Nick Silverman, Timothy Kurtz, Sarah BE Dimroth, F Rubio, F Anton, I TI Simulation And Experiment Of Thermal Fatigue In The CPV Die Attach SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-8) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd DE Thermal Fatigue; Accelerated Lifetime Testing; FEM; CPV; Die Attach; Solder; Strain Energy AB FEM simulation and accelerated thermal cycling have been performed for the CPV die attach. Trends in fatigue damage accumulation and equivalent test time are explored and found to be most sensitive to temperature ramp rate. Die attach crack growth is measured through cycling and found to be in excellent agreement with simulations of the inelastic strain energy accumulated. Simulations of an entire year of weather data provides for the relative ranking of fatigue damage between four cities as well as their equivalent accelerated test time. C1 [Bosco, Nick; Silverman, Timothy; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bosco, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1086-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1477 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1063/1.4753883 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BCL59 UT WOS:000310629900063 ER PT S AU Gerstmaier, T Buhrer, M Rottger, M Gombert, A Hansen, CW Stein, JS AF Gerstmaier, Tobias Buehrer, Michael Roettger, Michael Gombert, Andreas Hansen, Clifford W. Stein, Joshua S. BE Dimroth, F Rubio, F Anton, I TI How Predictable Is DNI? An Evaluation Of Day Ahead DNI Forecasts From Four Different Providers SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-8) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd DE DNI; forecast; evaluation; electric power unit commitment scheduling AB Forecast DNI values in hourly resolution for one day ahead are evaluated by a comparison with pyrheliometer ground measurements. Three months of such day ahead forecasts from four different providers for a site close to Questa, NM, USA are analyzed firstly by calculating the RMSE and the mean bias error. Secondly, cumulative distributions of the DNI forecast errors are calculated as they better suit the context of a utility's use of the forecast. C1 [Gerstmaier, Tobias; Buehrer, Michael; Roettger, Michael; Gombert, Andreas] Soitec Solar GmbH, Botzinger Str 31, D-79111 Freiberg, Germany. [Buehrer, Michael; Roettger, Michael; Gombert, Andreas] Soitec Solar GmbH, D-79111 Freiberg, Germany. [Hansen, Clifford W.; Stein, Joshua S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Gerstmaier, T (reprint author), Soitec Solar GmbH, Botzinger Str 31, D-79111 Freiberg, Germany. EM tobias.gerstmaier@soitec.com NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1086-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1477 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1063/1.4753892 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BCL59 UT WOS:000310629900072 ER PT S AU Hashimoto, J Kurtz, S Sakurai, K Muller, M Otani, K AF Hashimoto, Jun Kurtz, Sarah Sakurai, Keiichiro Muller, Matthew Otani, Kenji BE Dimroth, F Rubio, F Anton, I TI Performance Of CPV System Using Three Types Of III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-8) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 16-18, 2012 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd DE CPV; performance; field test; spectrum; multi-junction cells; alignment ID JUNCTION AB Performance of III-V multi-junction solar cells depends on spectral conditions according to which junction limits the photocurrent. Specifically, the response of concentrating multi-junction solar cells depends on the illumination at the cell surface. Because the illumination condition depends on alignment, it is important to characterize the CPV performance not only for a mono-module but also for a system or an array. In this paper the spectral effect on the CPV system and the mono-module consisting of III-V multi-junction solar cells from three different manufactures will be discussed. C1 [Hashimoto, Jun; Sakurai, Keiichiro; Otani, Kenji] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Cent 2,1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Kurtz, Sarah; Muller, Matthew] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hashimoto, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Cent 2,1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM j.hashimoto@aist.go.jp FU New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-A N-AC36-N-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Daisuke Nishi, Takashi Ueda, Yanqun Xue, Yuki Tsuno and Yoshihiro Hishikawa at AIST. This work was supported by the Incorporated Administrative Agency New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) and partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-A N-AC36-N-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1086-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1477 BP 372 EP 375 DI 10.1063/1.4753908 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BCL59 UT WOS:000310629900088 ER PT J AU Tyrsted, C Jensen, KMO Bojesen, ED Lock, N Christensen, M Billinge, SJL Iversen, BB AF Tyrsted, Christoffer Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbjerg Bojesen, Espen Drath Lock, Nina Christensen, Mogens Billinge, Simon J. L. Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt TI Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Ceria Nanoparticles Under Hydrothermal Conditions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; hydrothermal synthesis; nanoparticles; X-ray diffraction; X-ray scattering ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; IN-SITU; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GROWTH; WATER; POWDERS; SIZE C1 [Tyrsted, Christoffer; Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbjerg; Bojesen, Espen Drath; Lock, Nina; Christensen, Mogens; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt] Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Mat Crystallog, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Tyrsted, Christoffer; Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbjerg; Bojesen, Espen Drath; Lock, Nina; Christensen, Mogens; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt] Aarhus Univ, INANO, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Iversen, BB (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Mat Crystallog, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM bo@chem.au.dk RI Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbj/I-9367-2012; Bojesen, Espen/O-7391-2015 OI Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbj/0000-0003-0291-217X; Bojesen, Espen/0000-0002-9352-9514 FU Danish National Research Foundation (Center for Materials Crystallography); Danish Strategic Research Council (Center for Energy Materials); Danish Research Council for Nature and Universe (Danscatt); US National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Center for Materials Crystallography), the Danish Strategic Research Council (Center for Energy Materials), the Danish Research Council for Nature and Universe (Danscatt), and the US National Science Foundation. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 109 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 36 BP 9030 EP 9033 DI 10.1002/anie.201204747 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 995WB UT WOS:000308043900012 PM 22893454 ER PT J AU Holder, AL Carter, BJ Goth-Goldstein, R Lucas, D Koshland, CP AF Holder, Amara L. Carter, Brietta J. Goth-Goldstein, Regine Lucas, Donald Koshland, Catherine P. TI Increased cytotoxicity of oxidized flame soot SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soot; Ozone; Toxicity; Health effects ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; DIESEL EXHAUST; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE TOXICITY; CARBON PARTICLES; DIFFUSION FLAME; RAT LUNG; OZONE; GENERATION; OXIDATION AB Combustion-generated particles released into the atmosphere undergo reactions with oxidants, which can change the particles' physiochemical characteristics. In this work, we compare the physical and chemical properties and cellular response of particles fresh from a flame with those oxidized by ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The reaction with ozone and nitrogen dioxide does not significantly modify the physical characteristics of the particles (primary particle size, fractal dimension, and surface area). However, oxidation affects the chemical characteristics of the particles, creating more oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups, and increases their hydrophilicity. In addition, oxidized soot generates more reactive oxygen species, as measured by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Furthermore, oxidized soot is 1.5 - 2 times more toxic than soot that was not reacted with ozone, but the inflammatory response, measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, is unchanged. These results imply that combustion-generated particles released into the atmosphere will have an increased toxicity on or after high ozone days. (C) Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. C1 [Carter, Brietta J.; Goth-Goldstein, Regine; Lucas, Donald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lucas, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM D_lucas@lbl.gov FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Basic Research Program [P42-ESO47050-01]; University of California, Berkeley FX The authors are grateful to Marion Russell, Russell Carrington, Xiangyun Song, Thomas Kirchstetter, and Odelle Hadley for their assistance with data collection. Funding was provided by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Basic Research Program (Grant P42-ESO47050-01), and the Wood Calvert Chair of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 22 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.5094/APR.2012.001 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029RY UT WOS:000310514500002 ER PT S AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, Joseph N. BE Bijker, R TI Relativistic symmetries SO BEAUTY IN PHYSICS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT: IN HONOR OF FRANCESCO LACHELLO ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Beauty in Physics - Theory and Experiment in Honor of Francesco Lachello on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday CY MAY 14-18, 2012 CL MEXICO SP UNAM, Consejo Tecnico Investigac Cientifica, UNAM, Inst Ciencias Nucl, SMF, Div Fisica Nucl DE Pseudospin symmetry; Dirac Hamiltonian; U(3) symmetry ID PSEUDOSPIN SYMMETRY; MIXED CONFIGURATIONS; NUCLEI; DECAY; TRANSITIONS; SCHEMES AB We show that pseudospin symmetry is a SU(2) symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian for which the vector and scalar potentials are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. We give some experimental implications of this insight for atomic nuclei. We show that the Dirac Hamiltonian that has a vector harmonic oscillator potential equal but opposite in sign of the scalar potential has a pseudo-U(3) symmetry and we derive the generators for this symmetry. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1100-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1488 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1063/1.4759396 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BCM07 UT WOS:000310687200020 ER PT S AU Cizewski, A Jones, KL Kozub, RL Manning, B Nunes, F Pain, SD AF Cizewski, A. Jones, K. L. Kozub, R. L. Manning, B. Nunes, F. Pain, S. D. CA RIBENS Collaboration BE Bijker, R TI Single-neutron excitations near Sn-132 SO BEAUTY IN PHYSICS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT: IN HONOR OF FRANCESCO LACHELLO ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Beauty in Physics - Theory and Experiment in Honor of Francesco Lachello on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday CY MAY 14-18, 2012 CL MEXICO SP UNAM, Consejo Tecnico Investigac Cientifica, UNAM, Inst Ciencias Nucl, SMF, Div Fisica Nucl DE Nuclear reactions with radioactive ion beams; spectroscopy of Sn-131,Sn-133; surrogate reaction for neutron capture ID NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; SYMMETRY; MODEL; O(6) AB Single-neutron excitations in neutron-rich tin isotopes have been studied with (d,p) reactions in inverse kinematics with accelerated beams of 124,126,128,130,132Sn. Reaction protons were measured with silicon strip detectors from ORRUBA. For the heavier isotopes, f and p single neutron configurations from across the N=82 gap dominate the spectra. Heavy-ion induced neutron transfer reactions have recently been measured with particle-gamma-ray coincidences. Measures of direct neutron capture can be obtained from the spectroscopic factors for p states. Plans to deduce the statistical component of neutron-capture cross sections are discussed. C1 [Cizewski, A.; Manning, B.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Jones, K. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kozub, R. L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Nunes, F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nunes, F.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pain, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cizewski, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011 OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1100-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1488 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1063/1.4759399 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BCM07 UT WOS:000310687200023 ER PT S AU Cheah, YW Plale, B Kendall-Morwick, J Leake, D Ramakrishnan, L AF Cheah, You-Wei Plale, Beth Kendall-Morwick, Joey Leake, David Ramakrishnan, Lavanya BE Daniel, F Barkaoui, K Dustdar, S TI A Noisy 10GB Provenance Database SO BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2011) CY AUG 29, 2011 CL Clermont Ferrand, FRANCE DE Data provenance; scientific workflows; provenance quality; casebased reasoning ID E-SCIENCE; GENERATION AB Provenance of scientific data is a key piece of the metadata record for the data's ongoing discovery and reuse. Provenance collection systems capture provenance on the fly, however, the protocol between application and provenance tool may not be reliable. Consequently, the provenance record can be partial, partitioned, and simply inaccurate. We use a workflow emulator that models faults to construct a large 10GB database of provenance that we know is noisy (that is, has errors). We discuss the process of generating the provenance database, and show early results on the kinds of provenance analysis enabled by the large provenance. C1 [Cheah, You-Wei; Plale, Beth; Kendall-Morwick, Joey; Leake, David] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ramakrishnan, Lavanya] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cheah, YW (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM yocheah@cs.indiana.edu; plale@cs.indiana.edu; jmorwick@cs.indiana.edu; leake@cs.indiana.edu; lramakrshnan@lbl.gov OI Plale, Beth/0000-0003-2164-8132 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-OCI-6721674]; Data to Insight Center of Indiana University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Karma team members Yiming Sun, Mehmet Aktas and Girish Subramanian. This work funded in part by National Science Foundation NSF-OCI-6721674 and by a grant from the Data to Insight Center of Indiana University. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-1348 BN 978-3-642-28114-3 J9 LECT NOTES BUS INF P PY 2012 VL 100 BP 370 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCM77 UT WOS:000310717000035 ER PT J AU Zhong, MJ Natesakhawat, S Baltrus, JP Luebke, D Nulwala, H Matyjaszewski, K Kowalewski, T AF Zhong, Mingjiang Natesakhawat, Sittichai Baltrus, John P. Luebke, David Nulwala, Hunaid Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof Kowalewski, Tomasz TI Copolymer-templated nitrogen-enriched porous nanocarbons for CO2 capture SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POLYACRYLONITRILE; ACTIVATION; ADSORPTION; DESIGN; FIBERS AB Nitrogen-enriched porous carbon materials made via the carbonization of polyacrylonitrile containing block copolymer act as efficient and highly selective CO2 sorbents. Nitrogen content and surface area, which are both influenced by pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere, are crucial for CO2 adsorption performance. C1 [Zhong, Mingjiang; Nulwala, Hunaid; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; Kowalewski, Tomasz] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Zhong, Mingjiang; Natesakhawat, Sittichai; Baltrus, John P.; Luebke, David; Nulwala, Hunaid; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Natesakhawat, Sittichai] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Nulwala, H (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM hnulwala@andrew.cmu.edu; km3b@andrew.cmu.edu; tomek@andrew.cmu.edu RI Zhong, Mingjiang/F-3470-2011; Nulwala, Hunaid/G-8126-2012; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/A-2508-2008; OI Zhong, Mingjiang/0000-0001-7533-4708; Nulwala, Hunaid/0000-0001-7481-3723; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/0000-0003-1960-3402; Kowalewski, Tomasz/0000-0002-3544-554X; Natesakhawat, Sittichai/0000-0003-1272-1238 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0304508, DMR 09-69301, DMR-0936384]; CRP Consortium at Carnegie Mellon University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FE0004000] FX Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0304508 and DMR 09-69301, and DMR-0936384 for Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source), and CRP Consortium at Carnegie Mellon University. This technical effort was also performed in support of U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research on CO2 capture under the contract DE-FE0004000. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 94 BP 11516 EP 11518 DI 10.1039/c2cc36652e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 028XS UT WOS:000310459400006 PM 23089980 ER PT J AU Yu, XQ Wang, Q Zhou, YN Li, H Yang, XQ Nam, KW Ehrlich, SN Khalid, S Meng, YS AF Yu, Xiqian Wang, Qi Zhou, Yongning Li, Hong Yang, Xiao-Qing Nam, Kyung-Wan Ehrlich, Steven N. Khalid, Syed Meng, Ying Shirley TI High rate delithiation behaviour of LiFePO4 studied by quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE-ELECTRODE MATERIALS; LI-ION BATTERIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; SOLID-SOLUTION; KINETICS; FE; LIXFEPO4; MN AB A novel in situ time-resolved synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was introduced for the dynamic studies during fast chemical and electrochemical delithiation of LiFePO4. The lithium diffusion in LiFePO4 and the reaction mechanisms for both processes were investigated. This approach opens new opportunities for dynamic studies of various energy storage systems. C1 [Yu, Xiqian; Wang, Qi; Zhou, Yongning; Yang, Xiao-Qing; Nam, Kyung-Wan; Ehrlich, Steven N.; Khalid, Syed] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Li, Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Meng, Ying Shirley] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept NanoEngn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xyang@bnl.gov; knam@bnl.gov RI Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012; Meng, Shirley /I-1276-2013; Zhou, Yong-Ning/I-9579-2014; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Yu, Xiqian/B-5574-2014 OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Yu, Xiqian/0000-0001-8513-518X FU Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001294] FX The work was supported by the Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract Number DE-SC0001294. The authors thank Dr Jie Xiao at Pacific Northwest National Lab. for providing the LiFePO4 sample and technical supports by the NSLS's beamline scientists at X14A and X18A. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 105 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 94 BP 11537 EP 11539 DI 10.1039/c2cc36382h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 028XS UT WOS:000310459400013 PM 23090433 ER PT J AU Chen, XB Li, C Gratzel, M Kostecki, R Mao, SS AF Chen, Xiaobo Li, Can Graetzel, Michael Kostecki, Robert Mao, Samuel S. TI Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; TIO2 NANOTUBE-ARRAYS; PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; EXPOSED 001 FACETS; (GA1-XZNX)(N1-XOX) SOLID-SOLUTION; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; INDUCED WATER CLEAVAGE; N-DOPED TIO2 AB Over the past decades, there have been many projections on the future depletion of the fossil fuel reserves on earth as well as the rapid increase in green-house gas emissions. There is clearly an urgent need for the development of renewable energy technologies. On a different frontier, growth and manipulation of materials on the nanometer scale have progressed at a fast pace. Selected recent and significant advances in the development of nanomaterials for renewable energy applications are reviewed here, and special emphases are given to the studies of solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production, electricity generation with dye-sensitized solar cells, solid-state hydrogen storage, and electric energy storage with lithium ion rechargeable batteries. C1 [Chen, Xiaobo] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Li, Can] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Graetzel, Michael] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, EPFL SB ISIC LPI, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kostecki, Robert; Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM chenxiaobo@umkc.edu; canli@dicp.ac.cn; michael.graetzel@epfl.ch; R_Kostecki@lbl.gov; ssmao@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of Missouri - Kansas City; University of Missouri Research Board FX The authors thank Professor Peter Y. Yu of the Department of Physics, University of California, at Berkeley for helpful discussion and advice. This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (RK, SSM). This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (RK). XC would also acknowledge the support from the University of Missouri - Kansas City and University of Missouri Research Board, and the generous gift from Dow Kokam. XC would thank the galleyproof reading and comments of Dr Han Wu from Dow Kokam as well. NR 327 TC 318 Z9 320 U1 77 U2 849 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 23 BP 7909 EP 7937 DI 10.1039/c2cs35230c PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 032AA UT WOS:000310682900013 PM 22990530 ER PT J AU Kagan, LS Margolis, SB Sivashinsky, GI AF Kagan, Leonid S. Margolis, Stephen B. Sivashinsky, Gregory I. TI Modelling of the transition from conductive to convective burning in porous energetic materials SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE convective burning; gas-penetrative burning; energetic materials; gas-permeable explosives ID GAS PERMEATION; PROPELLANTS AB This paper is concerned with a theoretical interpretation of an abrupt shift from the slow conductive to fast convective burning observed in the combustion of gas-permeable explosives under gradual elevation of the ambient pressure. The paper is a revision of our recent communication on the problem, and is based on the amended heat equation, which meets the requirement of the conservation of energy lacking in the previous model. It appears, however, that both formulations lead (in appropriately chosen units) to a largely similar picture of the transition. The transition is triggered by a localised autoignition in the extended resistance-induced preheat zone formed ahead of the advancing deflagration, provided the pressure difference between hot gas products and gases deep inside the pores of the unburned solid exceed a certain critical level. For moderately high activation energies the critical overpressures are comparable to those observed experimentally. In line with observations, the critical overpressure increases with diminishing permeability. The amended formulation implies the possibility of overpressure-driven gasification waves occurring even in the absence of chemical heat release. C1 [Kagan, Leonid S.; Sivashinsky, Gregory I.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Margolis, Stephen B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kagan, LS (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM kaganleo@post.tau.ac.il FU Bauer-Neumann Chair in Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Mechanics; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2006-151]; Israel Science Foundation [350/05] FX GIS wishes to thank Alexander Shteinberg for enlightening discussions. This research has been supported by the Bauer-Neumann Chair in Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Mechanics, the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (Grant 2006-151) and the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 350/05). NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 5 BP 737 EP 746 DI 10.1080/13647830.2011.647716 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 030RL UT WOS:000310587700001 ER PT J AU Thrasher, B Maurer, EP McKellar, C Duffy, PB AF Thrasher, B. Maurer, E. P. McKellar, C. Duffy, P. B. TI Technical Note: Bias correcting climate model simulated daily temperature extremes with quantile mapping SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS; PROJECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; STREAMFLOW AB When applying a quantile mapping-based bias correction to daily temperature extremes simulated by a global climate model (GCM), the transformed values of maximum and minimum temperatures are changed, and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) can become physically unrealistic. While causes are not thoroughly explored, there is a strong relationship between GCM biases in snow albedo feedback during snowmelt and bias correction resulting in unrealistic DTR values. We propose a technique to bias correct DTR, based on comparing observations and GCM historic simulations, and combine that with either bias correcting daily maximum temperatures and calculating daily minimum temperatures or vice versa. By basing the bias correction on a base period of 1961-1980 and validating it during a test period of 1981-1999, we show that bias correcting DTR and maximum daily temperature can produce more accurate estimations of daily temperature extremes while avoiding the pathological cases of unrealistic DTR values. C1 [Thrasher, B.] Climate Analyt Grp, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Thrasher, B.] Climate Cent, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Maurer, E. P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [McKellar, C.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. [Duffy, P. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Thrasher, B (reprint author), Climate Analyt Grp, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM bridget@climateanalyticsgroup.org RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Thrasher, Bridget/0000-0002-3961-1971 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912HQ-IWR-CLIMATE] FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under grant W912HQ-IWR-CLIMATE. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 9 BP 3309 EP 3314 DI 10.5194/hess-16-3309-2012 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 029DQ UT WOS:000310475400018 ER PT J AU Boskey, B AF Boskey, Bennett BE Peppers, TC Ward, A TI The Family of Stone Law Clerks SO IN CHAMBERS: STORIES OF SUPREME COURT LAW CLERKS AND THEIR JUSTICES SE Constitutionalism and Democracy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Boskey, Bennett] Amer Law Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Boskey, Bennett] US Atom Energy Commiss, Washington, DC USA. [Boskey, Bennett] Volpe Boskey & Lyons, Washington, DC USA. RP Boskey, B (reprint author), Amer Law Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA P O BOX 400318,, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4318 USA BN 978-0-8139-3266-8 J9 CONSTIT DEMOC PY 2012 BP 98 EP + PG 19 WC Law; Political Science SC Government & Law GA BBV46 UT WOS:000308325500007 ER PT J AU Ozgokmen, TM Fischer, PF AF Ozgokmen, Tamay M. Fischer, Paul F. TI CFD application to oceanic mixed layer sampling with Lagrangian platforms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ocean mixing; ocean sampling; Lagrangian transport; tracers; relative dispersion ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT MODEL; TURBULENCE CLOSURE MODELS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; LOCK-EXCHANGE SYSTEM; HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; RELATIVE DISPERSION; SURFACE CURRENTS; PART I; DENSITY CURRENTS; FLUID-DYNAMICS AB Frontal adjustment and restratification in oceanic mixed layers is one of the processes that is considered to be important in the ocean's multi-scale energy transfer, biogeochemical transport, air-sea interaction, acoustic propagation and naval operations. We summarise a CFD-based modelling approach to sample processes at an idealised mixed layer base using passive scalars and particles, given a subset of realistic constraints on these resources in field experiments. The results emphasise the effectiveness of Lagrangian platforms, in particular passive particles, for sampling rapidly evolving submesoscale oceanic fields. C1 [Ozgokmen, Tamay M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Fischer, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu FU Office of Naval Research under the Collaborative Mathematics and Geoscience (CMG) initiative [N00014-09-1-0267]; National Science Foundation under the Collaborative Mathematics and Geoscience (CMG) initiative [DMS-1025323, DMS-1025359]; BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative; NSF [CNS-/855217, CNS-/958379] FX We greatly appreciate the support of the Office of Naval Research and National Science Foundation via grants N00014-09-1-0267, DMS-1025323, DMS-1025359 under the Collaborative Mathematics and Geoscience (CMG) initiative. This research was made possible in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. We thank all members of the Lateral Mixing DRI team, who have provided guidance through many insightful comments. The computations were carried out on the University of Miami's high-performance computing (HPC) center (http://ccs.miami.edu/hpc/), on SystemX at Virginia Tech's advanced research computing center (http://www.arc.vt.edu) and at the City University of New York High Performance Computing Center under NSF Grants CNS-/855217 and CNS-/958379. We thank the four anonymous reviewers whose comments resulted in a significant improvement of the manuscript. We greatly appreciate the leadership of Catherine Mavriplis in organising this timely special issue, and many useful comments and guidance she provided during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 EI 1029-0257 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 6-8 SI SI BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1080/10618562.2012.668888 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 030TF UT WOS:000310592300002 ER PT J AU Dong, MR Mao, XL Gonzalez, JJ Lu, JD Russo, RE AF Dong, Meirong Mao, Xianglei Gonzalez, Jhanis J. Lu, Jidong Russo, Richard E. TI Time-resolved LIBS of atomic and molecular carbon from coal in air, argon and helium SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED PLASMA; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; BAND SPECTRUM; ABLATION; GRAPHITE; PLUME; CN; EMISSION AB Laser ablation chemical analysis of a coal sample was studied by LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy). Ablation was performed using a 266 nm Nd:YAG laser in different gas environments (air, argon and helium) at atmospheric pressure. We present characteristics of spectra measured from coal with special attention to atomic and molecular carbon including CI, C-2 and CN. The influence of the ambient gas on the laser-induced coal plasma was studied by using time-resolved analysis. Atomic iron emission lines were employed to construct Boltzmann plots for the plasma excitation temperature. Computer simulations of C-2 spectra were used to deduce the molecular rotational temperature. Electron density and total atomic and molecular number density are reported to describe emission differences of atomic and molecular carbon in the different gas environments. These data demonstrate that the plasma excitation temperature is the primary factor contributing to differences among the atomic carbon emission in the gas environments. Reactions between the plasma species and ambient gas, and the total molecular number are main factors influencing molecular carbon emission. Finally, the influence of laser energy on the rotational temperature was studied in the air environment to demonstrate that the rotational temperature derived from C-2 band emission can be utilized to correct plasma fluctuations. C1 [Dong, Meirong; Mao, Xianglei; Gonzalez, Jhanis J.; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dong, Meirong; Lu, Jidong] S China Univ Technol, Sch Elect Power, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jdlu@scut.edu.cn; rerusso@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50576029, 51071069]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Meirong Dong and Jidong Lu also acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 50576029 and no. 51071069) and the State Scholarship Fund from China Scholarship Council (CSC). NR 67 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2066 EP 2075 DI 10.1039/c2ja30222e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 034FE UT WOS:000310855000003 ER PT J AU Marti-Arbona, R Teshima, M Anderson, PS Nowak-Lovato, KL Hong-Geller, E Unkefer, CJ Unkefer, PJ AF Marti-Arbona, Ricardo Teshima, Munehiro Anderson, Penelope S. Nowak-Lovato, Kristy L. Hong-Geller, Elizabeth Unkefer, Clifford J. Unkefer, Pat J. TI Identification of New Ligands for the Methionine Biosynthesis Transcriptional Regulator (MetJ) by FAC-MS SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional regulator effector; Methionine biosynthesis; Methionine salvage; MetJ; S-adenosyl-L-methionine; 5 '-Deoxy-5 '-(methylthio)adenosine; Adenine; Frontal affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry ID FRONTAL AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IN-VIVO HYDROLYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRUG DISCOVERY; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; ENZYME-INHIBITORS; BINDING; GENE; EXPRESSION AB We have developed a high-throughput approach using frontal affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (FAC-MS) for the identification and characterization of the small molecules that modulate transcriptional regulator (TR) binding to TR targets. We tested this approach using the methionine biosynthesis regulator (MetJ). We used effector mixtures containing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl derivatives as potential ligands for MetJ binding. The differences in the elution time of different compounds allowed us to rank the binding affinity of each compound. Consistent with previous results, FAC-MS showed that SAM binds to MetJ with the highest affinity. In addition, adenine and 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio) adenosine bind to the effector binding site on MetJ. Our experiments with MetJ demonstrate that FAC-MS is capable of screening complex mixtures of molecules and identifying high-affinity binders to TRs. In addition, FAC-MS experiments can be used to discriminate between specific and nonspecific binding of the effectors as well as to estimate the dissociation constant (K-d) for effector-TR binding. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Marti-Arbona, Ricardo; Teshima, Munehiro; Anderson, Penelope S.; Nowak-Lovato, Kristy L.; Hong-Geller, Elizabeth; Unkefer, Clifford J.; Unkefer, Pat J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Unkefer, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663,MS E529, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM punkefer@lanl.gov FU US Department of Energy; LDRD program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory [20090107DR] FX We thank Dr. Virginia A. Unkefer for editorial improvements to this manuscript. This work was conducted in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy and supported by the LDRD program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Grant No. 20090107DR). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1464-1801 J9 J MOL MICROB BIOTECH JI J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 4 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1159/000339717 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 027MV UT WOS:000310357600001 PM 22890386 ER PT S AU Solis-Najera, SE Tomasi, D Rodriguez, AO AF Solis-Najera, S. E. Tomasi, D. Rodriguez, A. O. BE Zamudio, FET Brandan, ME GamboadeBuen, I HerreraCorral, G MedinaVelazquez, LA TI Variation of MRI Coil Uniformity Caused by mu PET Shieldings SO MEDICAL PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Mexican Symposium on Medical Physics CY MAR 16-19, 2012 CL Hosp Reg Alta Especialidad Oaxaca (HRAEO), Oaxaca, MEXICO SP Soc Mexicana Fisica, Div Fisica Medica, Centro Latinoamericano Fisica (CLAF) HO Hosp Reg Alta Especialidad Oaxaca (HRAEO) DE RF coil; magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography AB A single imaging modality cannot provide information on all aspects of structure and function. The combination of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging offers tantalizing opportunities, but also significant challenges. In particular, cross talk between the magnetic resonance imaging transceiver and the positron emission tomography digital electronics can lead to interfering RF noise in both imaging modalities. The electromagnetic shielding minimizes the RF interference between the instruments, minimizing MRI artifacts and protecting the delicate components of the PET electronics from MRI RF pulses. The acquired image is degraded in the presence of the electromagnetic shield and the RF coil is one of the components that can improve the image quality. The saddle coil array showed a better RF field uniformity than the others in the axial direction. C1 [Solis-Najera, S. E.; Tomasi, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Solis-Najera, S. E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Rodriguez, A. O.] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Lab Imagen Resonancia Magnetica, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. RP Solis-Najera, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU U. S.Department of Energy (OBER); PAPIIT [IN118811-3]; CONACYT [131937] FX S. E. S. wishes to thank the Laboratory Directed Research and Development from U. S.Department of Energy (OBER) and DGAPA-UNAM for posdoc stipend, PAPIIT (project number IN118811-3) and CONACYT (grant number 131937). NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1106-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1494 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.1063/1.4764596 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCM03 UT WOS:000310678900013 ER PT J AU Thomas, KE Beavers, CM Ghosh, A AF Thomas, Kolle E. Beavers, Christine M. Ghosh, Abhik TI Molecular structure of a gold beta-octakis(trifluoromethyl)-meso-triarylcorrole: an 85 degrees difference in saddling dihedral relative to copper SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gold; corrole; trifluoromethyl; saddled; multideterminantal ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; SPIN STATES; CORROLES; PORPHYRINS; ENERGETICS; IRON AB Copper corroles exhibit inherent saddling, driven by ligand non-innocence, which may be viewed as a form of multideterminantal character. The saddling is enhanced by sterically hindered peripheral substituents. The sterically hindered complex Cu[(CF3)(8)T(pFP)C] (wherein the ligand is beta-octakis(trifluoromethyl)-meso-tris(p-fluorophenyl) corrolato) is thus exceedingly saddled with adjacent pyrrole rings nearly orthogonal to one another. By contrast, Au[(CF3)(8)T(pFP)C] has a nearly planar corrole macrocycle, implying an innocent corrole ligand. C1 [Thomas, Kolle E.; Ghosh, Abhik] Univ Tromso, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Thomas, Kolle E.; Ghosh, Abhik] Univ Tromso, Ctr Theoret & Computat Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Beavers, Christine M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ghosh, A (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. EM abhik@chem.uit.no RI Beavers, Christine/C-3539-2009; Ghosh, Abhik/G-8164-2016 OI Beavers, Christine/0000-0001-8653-5513; Ghosh, Abhik/0000-0003-1161-6364 FU Research Council of Norway FX This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2012 VL 110 IS 19-20 SI SI BP 2439 EP 2444 DI 10.1080/00268976.2012.695031 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 030KS UT WOS:000310570200015 ER PT J AU Lambrecht, DS McCaslin, L Xantheas, SS Epifanovsky, E Head-Gordon, M AF Lambrecht, Daniel S. McCaslin, Laura Xantheas, Sotiris S. Epifanovsky, Evgeny Head-Gordon, Martin TI Refined energetic ordering for sulphate-water (n=3-6) clusters using high-level electronic structure calculations SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sulphate-water clusters; microsolvation; benchmarks; electronic and vibrational effects ID CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO; POLARIZATION; DIANION; ANIONS; SO42-(H2O)(N); SIMULATIONS; SOLVATION AB This work reports refinements of the energetic ordering of the known low-energy structures of sulphate-water clusters SO42-(H2O)(n) (n=3-6) using high-level electronic structure methods. Coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) is used in combination with an estimate of basis set effects up to the complete basis set limit using second-order Moller-Plesset theory. Harmonic zero-point energy (ZPE), included at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level, was found to have a significant effect on the energetic ordering. In fact, we show that the energetic ordering is a result of a delicate balance between the electronic and vibrational energies. Limitations of the ZPE calculations, both due to electronic structure errors, and use of the harmonic approximation, probably constitute the largest remaining errors. Due to the often small energy differences between cluster isomers, and the significant role of ZPE, deuteration can alter the relative energies of low-lying structures, and, when it is applied in conjunction with calculated harmonic ZPEs, even alters the global minimum for n=5. Experiments on deuterated clusters, as well as more sophisticated vibrational calculations, may therefore be quite interesting. C1 [Lambrecht, Daniel S.; McCaslin, Laura; Epifanovsky, Evgeny; Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xantheas, Sotiris S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences Biosciences FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by supercomputing resources provided by NERSC and in EMSL under the 'emsl43893' User proposal. This work was partly supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. It is a pleasure to dedicate this paper to Peter Taylor, despite its remaining limitations in accuracy! We thank Narbe Mardirossian for carefully checking the data section. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2012 VL 110 IS 19-20 SI SI BP 2513 EP 2521 DI 10.1080/00268976.2012.708442 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 030KS UT WOS:000310570200022 ER PT J AU Siebert, MR Aquino, AJA de Jong, WA Granucci, G Hase, WL AF Siebert, Matthew R. Aquino, Adelia J. A. de Jong, Wibe A. Granucci, Giovanni Hase, William L. TI Potential energy surface for C2H4I2+center dot dissociation including spin-orbit effects SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electronic structure theory; density functional theory; spin-orbit coupling; unimolecular dissociation; chemical dynamics ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; PHOTOELECTRON-PHOTOION COINCIDENCE; RELEASE DISTRIBUTIONS; BASIS-SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; ACETONE ION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB Previous experiments [J. Phys. Chem. A 116, 2833 (2012)] have studied the dissociation of 1,2-diiodoethane radical cation (C2H4I2+center dot) and found a one-dimensional distribution of translational energy, an odd finding considering most product relative translational energy distributions are two-dimensional. The goal of this study is to obtain an accurate understanding of the potential energy surface (PES) topology for the unimolecular decomposition reaction C2H4I2+center dot -> C2H4I+ + I-center dot. This is done through comparison of many single-reference electronic structure methods, coupled-cluster single-point (energy) calculations, and multi-reference energy calculations used to quantify spin-orbit (SO) coupling effects. We find that the structure of the C2H4I2+center dot reactant has a substantial effect on the role of the SO coupling on the reaction energy. Both the BHandH and MP2 theories with an ECP/6-31++G** basis set, and without SO coupling corrections, provide accurate models for the reaction energetics. MP2 theory gives an unsymmetric structure with different C-I bond lengths, resulting in a SO energy for C2H4I2+center dot similar to that for the product I-atom and a negligible SO correction to the reaction energy. In contrast, DFT gives a symmetric structure for C2H4I2+center dot, similar to that of the neutral C2H4I2 parent, resulting in a substantial SO correction and increasing the reaction energy by 6.0-6.5 kcalmol(-1). Also, we find that, for this system, coupled-cluster single-point energy calculations are inaccurate, since a small change in geometry can lead to a large change in energy. C1 [Siebert, Matthew R.; Aquino, Adelia J. A.; Hase, William L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [de Jong, Wibe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Granucci, Giovanni] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Hase, WL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM bill.hase@ttu.edu RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008; Granucci, Giovanni/N-2644-2013; Aquino, Adelia/F-3226-2016 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315; Granucci, Giovanni/0000-0002-4753-6318; FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0957416, OISE-0730114, TG-CHE-110010]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [D-0005]; High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) at Texas Tech University (TTU); National Science Foundation under the CRIF-MU [CHE-0840493] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. CHE-0957416, OISE-0730114, and TG-CHE-110010 (TeraGrid), and the Robert A. Welch Foundation under grant No. D-0005. Support was also provided by the High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) at Texas Tech University (TTU), under the direction of Philip W. Smith, the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) of the University of Texas at Austin, and the TTU Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry cluster Robinson whose purchase was funded by the National Science Foundation under the CRIF-MU grant No. CHE-0840493. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2012 VL 110 IS 19-20 SI SI BP 2599 EP 2609 DI 10.1080/00268976.2012.725137 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 030KS UT WOS:000310570200030 ER PT J AU Cobar, EA Horn, PR Bergman, RG Head-Gordon, M AF Cobar, Erika A. Horn, Paul R. Bergman, Robert G. Head-Gordon, Martin TI Examination of the hydrogen-bonding networks in small water clusters (n=2-5, 13, 17) using absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; HYBRID DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; FRAGMENT POTENTIAL METHOD; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; AB-INITIO; CHARGE-TRANSFER; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; BINDING-ENERGIES AB Using the omega B97X-D and B3LYP density functionals, the absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition method (ALMO-EDA) is applied to the water dimer through pentamer, 13-mer and 17-mer clusters. Two-body, three-body, and total interaction energies are decomposed into their component energy terms: frozen density interaction energy, polarization energy, and charge transfer energy. Charge transfer, polarization, and frozen orbital interaction energies are all found to be significant contributors to the two-body and total interaction energies; the three-body interaction energies are dominated by polarization. Each component energy term for the two-body interactions is highly dependent on the associated hydrogen bond distance. The favorability of the three-body terms associated with the 13- and 17-mer structures depends on the hydrogen-donor or hydrogen-acceptor roles played by each of the three component waters. Only small errors arise from neglect of three-body interactions without two adjacent water molecules, or beyond three-body interactions. Interesting linear correlations are identified between the contributions of charge-transfer and polarization terms to the two and three-body interactions, which permits elimination of explicit calculation of charge transfer to a good approximation. C1 [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [0344670]; Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC0376SF00098] FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation Cyber-Infrastructure Award 0344670, with additional support from the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC0376SF00098. NR 85 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 44 BP 15328 EP 15339 DI 10.1039/c2cp42522j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 025AB UT WOS:000310153300010 PM 23052011 ER PT J AU Deshmukh, SA Sankaranarayanan, SKRS AF Deshmukh, Sanket A. Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian K. R. S. TI Atomic scale characterization of interfacial water near an oxide surface using molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER; RUTILE 110 SURFACE; LIQUID INTERFACES; AB-INITIO; FUNDAMENTAL-ASPECTS; MGO(100) SURFACE; SOLID-SURFACES; QUARTZ; ADSORPTION AB Atomic scale characterization of the structure and dynamics of confined water molecules located near the metal oxide-aqueous interface is carried out using molecular dynamics simulations. Proximity effects on water molecules (H2O) near a magnesium oxide surface (MgO(100)) at room temperature are evaluated based on various structural and dynamical correlation functions. Translational and orientational order parameters are used to quantify the extent of ordering of water molecules near the oxide surface. There is significant ordering of water molecules in the two layers close to the oxide interface and the extent of ordering decreases with increasing distance from the oxide-water interface. The characteristic structural features of proximal water molecules near oxide-aqueous interfaces are strongly correlated to their vibrational densities of states. Systematic trends in libration, bending, and stretching bands are correlated with local ordering of water molecules and the hydrogen-bonding network. We find that restricted transverse oscillations result in larger blue shifts in O-O-O bending and O-O stretching bands for water molecules having increased proximity to the interface. The O-H stretching band is red-shifted whereas the libration bands for proximal water are blue shifted with respect to bulk water; the extent of shifts are sensitive to the interface proximity, their local confinement and their hydrogen bonding status. C1 [Deshmukh, Sanket A.; Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian K. R. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sankaranarayanan, SKRS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM skrssank@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors also thank the computational facilities provided by CNM-ANL. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 44 BP 15593 EP 15605 DI 10.1039/c2cp42308a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 025AB UT WOS:000310153300040 PM 23076434 ER PT J AU Shi, W Damodaran, K Nulwala, HB Luebke, DR AF Shi, Wei Damodaran, Krishnan Nulwala, Hunaid B. Luebke, David R. TI Theoretical and experimental studies of water interaction in acetate based ionic liquids SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MUTUAL SOLUBILITIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; EXCESS-ENTHALPIES; PLUS WATER; SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE AB Water interactions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][CH3COO]) were studied utilizing classical and ab initio simulation methods. The self-diffusivities for water and the ionic liquid (IL) were studied experimentally using pulse field gradient NMR spectroscopy and correlated with computational results. Water forms hydrogen bonding networks with the ionic liquid, and depending on the concentration of water, there are profound effects on the self-diffusivities of the various species. Both simulation and experiments show that the self-diffusivities for species in the water-[emim][CH3COO] system exhibit minima at 40-50 mol% water. Water interaction with the [CH3COO](-) anion predominates over the water-water and water-cation interactions at most water concentrations. Simulations further indicate that decreasing water-[CH3COO](-) interaction will increase the IL and water self-diffusivities. Self-diffusivities in the water-IL systems are dependent upon the cation in a complex way. Water interactions with [P-4444][CH3COO] are reduced compared to [emim][CH3COO]. The [P-4444](+) cation is bulkier than the [emim](+) cation and has a smaller self-diffusivity, but when water was introduced to [P-4444] [CH3COO], the water-[CH3COO](-) hydrogen bonding network in the [P-4444][CH3COO] was much smaller than the one observed in [emim][CH3COO]. C1 [Shi, Wei; Luebke, David R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Shi, Wei] URS Corp, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. [Shi, Wei] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Damodaran, Krishnan] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Nulwala, Hunaid B.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM shiw@netl.doe.gov RI Nulwala, Hunaid/G-8126-2012 OI Nulwala, Hunaid/0000-0001-7481-3723 FU RES [DE-FE0004000] FX The authors greatly acknowledge Shaelyn Patzer for her help in editing this manuscript. This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research in Computational chemistry under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. NR 81 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 91 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 45 BP 15897 EP 15908 DI 10.1039/c2cp42975f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 028XZ UT WOS:000310460400033 PM 23093293 ER PT J AU Gurov, SM Akimov, AV Anchugov, OV Batrakov, AM Belikov, OV Bekhtenev, EA Burenkov, DB Cheblakov, PB Cherepanov, VP Chernyakin, AD Cheskidov, VG Churkin, IN Elkaer, A Erokhin, AI Fliller, R Gorchakov, KM Gurov, DS Ganetis, G Hseuh, H Karnaev, SE Karpov, GV Kiselev, VA Kobets, VV Konstantinov, VM Kolmogorov, VV Korepanov, AA Kuper, EA Kuzminykh, VS Levichev, EB De Long, J Mamkin, VR Medvedko, AS Meshkov, OI Nefedov, NB Neyfeld, VV Okunev, IN Petrov, VV Petrichenkov, MV Philipchenko, AV Polyansky, AV Pureskin, DN Rakhimov, AR Ruvinskiy, SI Schegolev, LM Semenov, AM Senkov, DV Serednyakov, SS Shaftan, TV Sharma, S Shichkov, DS Singh, O Shiyankov, SV Shvedov, DA Sinyatkin, SV Smaluk, VV Sukhanov, AV Tian, Y Utkin, AV Willeke, F Yaminov, KR Yong, H AF Gurov, S. M. Akimov, A. V. Anchugov, O. V. Batrakov, A. M. Belikov, O. V. Bekhtenev, E. A. Burenkov, D. B. Cheblakov, P. B. Cherepanov, V. P. Chernyakin, A. D. Cheskidov, V. G. Churkin, I. N. Elkaer, A. Erokhin, A. I. Fliller, R. Gorchakov, K. M. Gurov, D. S. Ganetis, G. Hseuh, H. Karnaev, S. E. Karpov, G. V. Kiselev, V. A. Kobets, V. V. Konstantinov, V. M. Kolmogorov, V. V. Korepanov, A. A. Kuper, E. A. Kuzminykh, V. S. Levichev, E. B. De Long, J. Mamkin, V. R. Medvedko, A. S. Meshkov, O. I. Nefedov, N. B. Neyfeld, V. V. Okunev, I. N. Petrov, V. V. Petrichenkov, M. V. Philipchenko, A. V. Polyansky, A. V. Pureskin, D. N. Rakhimov, A. R. Ruvinskiy, S. I. Schegolev, L. M. Semenov, A. M. Senkov, D. V. Serednyakov, S. S. Shaftan, T. V. Sharma, S. Shichkov, D. S. Singh, O. Shiyankov, S. V. Shvedov, D. A. Sinyatkin, S. V. Smaluk, V. V. Sukhanov, A. V. Tian, Y. Utkin, A. V. Willeke, F. Yaminov, K. R. Yong, H. TI STATUS OF NSLS-II BOOSTER SO PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The National Synchrotron Light Source II is a third generation light source under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The project includes a highly optimized 3 GeV electron storage ring, linac pre-injector and full-energy booster-synchrotron. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics builds booster for NSLS-II. The booster should accelerate the electron beam continuously and reliably from minimal 170 MeV injection energy to maximal energy of 3.15 GeV and average beam current of 20 mA. The booster shall be capable of multi-bunch and single bunch operation. This paper summarizes the status of NSLS-II booster. C1 [Gurov, S. M.; Akimov, A. V.; Anchugov, O. V.; Batrakov, A. M.; Belikov, O. V.; Bekhtenev, E. A.; Burenkov, D. B.; Cheblakov, P. B.; Cherepanov, V. P.; Chernyakin, A. D.; Cheskidov, V. G.; Churkin, I. N.; Erokhin, A. I.; Gorchakov, K. M.; Gurov, D. S.; Karnaev, S. E.; Karpov, G. V.; Kiselev, V. A.; Kobets, V. V.; Konstantinov, V. M.; Kolmogorov, V. V.; Korepanov, A. A.; Kuper, E. A.; Kuzminykh, V. S.; Levichev, E. B.; Mamkin, V. R.; Medvedko, A. S.; Meshkov, O. I.; Nefedov, N. B.; Neyfeld, V. V.; Okunev, I. N.; Petrov, V. V.; Petrichenkov, M. V.; Philipchenko, A. V.; Polyansky, A. V.; Pureskin, D. N.; Rakhimov, A. R.; Ruvinskiy, S. I.; Schegolev, L. M.; Semenov, A. M.; Senkov, D. V.; Serednyakov, S. S.; Shichkov, D. S.; Shiyankov, S. V.; Shvedov, D. A.; Sinyatkin, S. V.; Smaluk, V. V.; Sukhanov, A. V.; Utkin, A. V.; Yaminov, K. R.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Fliller, R.; Ganetis, G.; Hseuh, H.; De Long, J.; Shaftan, T. V.; Sharma, S.; Singh, O.; Tian, Y.; Willeke, F.; Yong, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Gurov, SM (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM S.M.Gurov@inp.nsk.su RI batrakov, alexander/A-6747-2014; Bekhtenev, Evgeny/C-4907-2014; OI Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar/0000-0002-3273-0708 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KHARKOV INST PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY PI KHARKOV PA NATL SCIENCE CTR, 1 AKADEMICHESKAYA ST, KHARKOV, 61108, UKRAINE SN 1562-6016 J9 PROBL ATOM SCI TECH JI Probl. At. Sci. Tech. PY 2012 IS 4 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 994YV UT WOS:000307972500001 ER PT J AU Hagen, G Nam, HA AF Hagen, Gaute Hai Ah Nam TI Computational Aspects of Nuclear Coupled-Cluster Theory SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; 2-NUCLEON SYSTEM; FORCES; CONVERGENCE; FIELD AB We discuss computational aspects of the spherical coupled-cluster method specific to the nuclear many-body problem. Using chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction at next-to-next-to-next-to leading order ((NLO)-L-3) with cutoff Lambda = 500 MeV, we present coupled-cluster results for the ground state of Ca-40. Scaling and performance studies are presented together with challenges we meet with when extending the coupled-cluster effort to nuclei mass hundred and beyond. C1 [Hagen, Gaute] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hagen, Gaute] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hai Ah Nam] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Leadership Comp Facil, Natl Ctr Computat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hagen, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Hagen, Gaute/I-6146-2012 OI Hagen, Gaute/0000-0001-6019-1687 FU Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-07ER41457]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41457 (UNEDF SciDAC). This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2012 IS 196 BP 102 EP 110 PG 9 GA 033QV UT WOS:000310816600008 ER PT J AU Navratil, P Quaglioni, S Roth, R Horiuchi, W AF Navratil, Petr Quaglioni, Sofia Roth, Robert Horiuchi, Wataru TI Ab Initio Calculations of Light-Ion Reactions SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article AB The exact treatment of nuclei starting from the constituent nucleons and the fundamental interactions among them has been a long-standing goal in nuclear physics. In addition to the complex nature of nuclear forces, one faces the quantum-mechanical many-nucleon problem governed by an interplay between bound and continuum states. In recent years, significant progress has been made in ab initio nuclear structure and reaction calculations based on input from QCD employing Hamiltonians constructed within chiral effective field theory. In this contribution, we present one of such promising techniques capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states in light nuclei. By combining the resonating-group method (RGM) with the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM), we complement a microscopic cluster approach with the use of realistic interactions and a microscopic and consistent description of the clusters. We discuss applications to light nuclei scattering, radiative capture and fusion reactions. C1 [Navratil, Petr] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Navratil, Petr; Quaglioni, Sofia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Roth, Robert] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Horiuchi, Wataru] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Navratil, P (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. FU LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U. S. DOE/SC/NP [SCW1158, SCW0498]; LLNL LDRD [PLS-09-ERD-020]; NSERC [401945-2011]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-07ER41457]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 634]; Helmholtz International Center for FAIR; Special Postdoctoral Researchers Program of RIKEN FX Computing support for this work came from the LLNL institutional Computing Grand Challenge program, the Julich supercomputer Centre and Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at ORNL.23) Prepared in part by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the U. S. DOE/SC/NP (Work Proposal No. SCW1158), LLNL LDRD grant PLS-09-ERD-020, U. S. DOE/SC/NP (Work Proposal No. SCW0498), the NSERC Grant No. 401945-2011, and from the U. S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FC02-07ER41457 is acknowledged. This work is supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through contract SFB 634 and by the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR within the framework of the LOEWE program launched by the State of Hesse. W.H. was supported by the Special Postdoctoral Researchers Program of RIKEN. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2012 IS 196 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 GA 033QV UT WOS:000310816600010 ER PT J AU Hupin, G Lacroix, D AF Hupin, Guillaume Lacroix, Denis TI On the Application of Symmetry Breaking and Its Restoration to Treat Pairing Correlation in Finite Nuclei SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article AB An alternative approach to symmetry restoration within Energy Density Functional, the Symmetry-Conserving EDF is discussed. In this approach, the energy is directly written in terms of the degrees of freedom encoded in the one-, two-... body density matrices of the state having good quantum numbers. The SC-EDF framework is illustrated within Projection After and Before Variation applied to particle number restoration. C1 [Hupin, Guillaume; Lacroix, Denis] CEA DSM CNRS IN2P3, GANIL, F-14076 Caen, France. RP Hupin, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2012 IS 196 BP 250 EP 254 PG 5 GA 033QV UT WOS:000310816600029 ER PT J AU Horowitz, CJ AF Horowitz, C. J. TI Multi-Messenger Observations of Neutron Rich Matter SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PROTON-SCATTERING; PB-208; DENSITIES; NUCLEI AB At very high densities, electrons react with protons to form neutron rich matter. This material is central to many fundamental questions in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Moreover, neutron rich matter is being studied with an extraordinary variety of new tools such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO). We describe the Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) that uses parity violating electron scattering to measure the neutron radius in Pb-208. This has important implications for neutron stars and their crusts. We discuss X-ray observations of neutron star radii. These also have important implications for neutron rich matter. Gravitational waves (GW) open a new window on neutron rich matter. They come from sources such as neutron star mergers, rotating neutron star mountains, and collective r-mode oscillations. Using large scale molecular dynamics simulations, we find neutron star crust to be very strong. It can support mountains on rotating neutron stars large enough to generate detectable gravitational waves. We believe that combing astronomical observations using photons, GW, and neutrinos, with laboratory experiments on nuclei, heavy ion collisions, and radioactive beams will fundamentally advance our knowledge of compact objects in the heavens, the dense phases of QCD, the origin of the elements, and of neutron rich matter. C1 [Horowitz, C. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Horowitz, C. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Horowitz, C. J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Horowitz, C. J.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Horowitz, CJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. FU DOE [DE-FG02-87ER40365]; National Science Foundation, TeraGrid grant [TG-AST100014] FX This work was done in collaboration with many people including D. K. Berry, E. F. Brown, K. Kadau, J. Piekarewicz, and graduate students Liliana Caballero, Helber Dusan, Joe Hughto, Justin Mason, Andre Schneider and Gang Shen. This work was supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-87ER40365 and by the National Science Foundation, TeraGrid grant TG-AST100014. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2012 IS 196 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 GA 033QV UT WOS:000310816600061 ER PT J AU Melson, NH Haliena, BP Kaplan, DI Barnett, MO AF Melson, N. H. Haliena, B. P. Kaplan, D. I. Barnett, M. O. TI Adsorption of tetravalent thorium by geomedia SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IONIC-STRENGTH; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; HUMIC/FULVIC ACID; AMORPHOUS SILICA; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTACT TIME; SORPTION; TH(IV); PLUTONIUM; COLLOIDS AB We measured the pH-dependent adsorption of Th(IV), an analogue for Pu(IV) and other tetravalent actinides, to two geomedia: goethite (alpha-FeOOH(s)) and a heterogeneous Fe-containing sand from the southeastern USA. The goal was to examine whether or not the Th(IV)-goethite adsorption data could be used to predict the adsorption of Th(IV) by the heterogeneous sand. In the absence of either geomedia, after forty-eight hours the measured pH-dependent "adsorption" was consistent with the solubility of solid amorphous ThO2(am, aged), despite the fact that ThO2(am, aged) is generally not formed until approximately seventy days. We concluded that ThO2(am, aged) was stabilized by precipitating on the walls of the reaction vessels. Ignoring this phenomenon could lead to experimental artifacts in Th(IV) adsorption studies. Thorium adsorption by both goethite and the sand was strongly pH dependent, with adsorption increasing sharply from pH similar to 2 to pH similar to 4. Two methods were utilized to predict the pH-dependent adsorption of Th(IV) by the sand using the Th(IV)-goethite adsorption data. Using the Fe content of the sand and the Th(IV)-goethite adsorption data, we were able to predict the maximum amount of Th(IV) adsorption by the sand within 78% of the actual value (i.e., an error of 22%). In contrast, on a surface-area-normalized basis, we were only able to predict the maximum adsorption of Th(IV) by the sand within a factor of two. These results have important implications to scaling and extrapolating the results of batch-scale tetravalent actinide adsorption studies with pure minerals to predict their field-scale adsorption by and transport in heterogeneous subsurface media. C1 [Melson, N. H.; Haliena, B. P.; Barnett, M. O.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kaplan, D. I.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM mark.barnett@auburn.edu FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2012 VL 100 IS 11 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1524/ract.2012.1975 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 029LW UT WOS:000310498200004 ER PT S AU Olmsted, DL Holm, EA Foiles, SM AF Olmsted, David L. Holm, Elizabeth A. Foiles, Stephen M. BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Survey of grain boundary energies in four elemental metals SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE grain boundary energy; grain boundary structure; modeling and simulation AB Grain boundary properties depend on both composition and structure. To test the relative contributions of composition and structure to the grain boundary energy, we calculated the energy of 388 grain boundaries in four elemental, fcc metals: Ni, Al, Au and Cu. We constructed atomic-scale bicrystals of each boundary and subjected them to a rigorous energy minimization process to determine the lowest energy structure. Typically, several thousand boundary configurations were examined for each boundary in each element. For boundaries with a single low energy configuration (such as the coherent twin), all four elements select the same boundary structure. When a variety of nearly-degenerate structures are available (which is the most common situation for general boundaries), the minimum energy configuration might differ among the four metals. However, the lowest energy structure for a given element is among the low lying structures for the other elements. When we compare crystallographically identical boundaries in pairs of elements, we find that grain boundary energies are proportional to each other. For most boundaries, the constant of proportionality is best fit by the C44 shear modulus. If grain boundaries act as arrays of dislocations, then since the elastic energy associated with a dislocation is proportional to the shear modulus, a direct relationship between the shear modulus and the grain boundary energy is plausible. For a few boundaries, including the < 111 > twist boundaries and the coherent twin, the proportionality constant is better fit by the stacking fault energy; this is a reasonable scaling, since these boundaries have stacking fault character. This study suggests that, apart from a material dependent scaling constant, the energy of grain boundaries in different fcc metals will depend primarily on the macroscopic crystallography. Structure determines energy; composition scales it. While this result is generally assumed, this is the first direct confirmation of that assumption. C1 [Olmsted, David L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Holm, Elizabeth A.; Foiles, Stephen M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olmsted, DL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM linked_puffbird@comcast.net; eaholm@sandia.gov; foiles@sandia.gov OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Sandias Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 179 EP 179 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.179 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800028 ER PT S AU Wang, SY Rollett, AD Holm, EA AF Wang, Shengyu Rollett, Anthony D. Holm, Elizabeth A. BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Recrystallized Grain Size in Single Phase Materials SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE abnormal subgrain growth; texture; recrystallization nucleation; grain size; strain ID ABNORMAL SUBGRAIN GROWTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURES; DEFORMATION AB During large-strain plastic deformation, subgrain structures typically develop within the grains. At large enough equivalent strains above, say 0.5, recrystallization occurs via abnormal coarsening of the subgrain structure or abnormal (sub-) grain growth (AsGG). The fraction of subgrains that develop into new, recrystallized grains has been quantified as a function of texture spread (Grain Reference Orientation Deviation) using Monte Carlo simulation. When this fraction is combined with the known monotonic increase in mean misorientation with strain, the recrystallized grain size can be predicted as a function of von Mises strain. The prediction is in good agreement with experimental results drawn from the literature. C1 [Wang, Shengyu; Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Holm, Elizabeth A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM shengyuw@andrew.cmu.edu; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu; eaholm@sandia.gov OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0503049]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Pennsylvania DCED FX The support of the National Science Foundation under contract DMR-0503049, the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Pennsylvania DCED is gratefully acknowledged. Dr. H. Weiland of the Alcoa Technical Center is gratefully acknowledged for useful discussions and the supply of the material used in this work. The use of facilities supported by the MRSEC at CMU under contract under award number DMR-0520425 is gratefully acknowledged. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC0 494AL85000. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 361 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.361 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800059 ER PT S AU Holm, EA Foiles, SM AF Holm, Elizabeth A. Foiles, Stephen M. BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Grain growth stagnation caused by the grain boundary roughening transition SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE grain growth; stagnation; grain boundary roughening; modeling and simulation AB Molecular dynamics simulations of bicrystals show that grain boundaries undergo a thermal roughening transition, and the grain boundary mobility increases abruptly when the boundary roughens. The roughening transition temperature varies widely from boundary to boundary, ranging from less than 0.4 to more than 0.9 of the melting temperature. Thus, at typical annealing temperatures we expect polycrystals to contain both smooth (slow) and rough (fast) boundaries, with the fraction of each type varying with temperature. C1 [Holm, Elizabeth A.; Foiles, Stephen M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eaholm@sandia.gov; foiles@sandia.gov OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 415 EP 415 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.415 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800068 ER PT S AU Hefferan, CM Li, SF Lind, J Lienert, U Rollett, AD Suter, RM AF Hefferan, C. M. Li, S. F. Lind, J. Lienert, U. Rollett, A. D. Suter, R. M. BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Insitu Observation of Recovery and Grain Growth in High Purity Aluminum SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE Grain growth; microstructure; x-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation; orientation imaging ID BOUNDARY PROPERTIES; POLYCRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; POWDERS AB We have used high energy x-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) to study annealing behavior in high purity aluminum. In-situ measurements were carried out at Sector 1 of the Advanced Photon Source. The microstructure in a small sub-volume of a I mm diameter wire was mapped in the as-received state and after two differential anneals. Forward modeling analysis reveals three dimensional grain structures and internal orientation distributions inside grains. The analysis demonstrates increased ordering with annealing as well as persistent low angle internal boundaries. Grains that grow from disordered regions are resolution limited single crystals. Together with this recovery behavior, we observe subtle motions of some grain boundaries due to annealing. C1 [Hefferan, C. M.; Li, S. F.; Lind, J.; Rollett, A. D.; Suter, R. M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lienert, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rollett, A. D.; Suter, R. M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hefferan, CM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cheffera@andrew.cmu.edu; sfli@andrew.cmu.edu; jlind@andrew.cmu.edu; lienert@aps.anl.gov; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu; suter@andrew.cmu.edu RI Li, Shiu Fai/B-2605-2014; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Li, Shiu Fai/0000-0001-9805-5621; Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 FU Metals and Nano-Structures program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0805100]; MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0520425]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Greg Rohrer and Brian Tieman for helpful conversations and assistance. This work was supported in part by the Metals and Nano-Structures program of the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-0805100 and in part by the MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-0520425. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 447 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.447 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800072 ER PT S AU Piazolo, S Borthwick, V Griera, A Montagnat, M Jessell, MW Lebensohn, R Evans, L AF Piazolo, Sandra Borthwick, Verity Griera, Albert Montagnat, Maurine Jessell, Mark W. Lebensohn, Ricardo Evans, Lynn BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Substructure Dynamics in crystalline materials: New insight from in-situ experiments, detailed EBSD analysis of experimental and natural samples and numerical modelling SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE substructure; EBSD; in-situ experiments; numerical modelling; minerals; metals ID GRAIN ROTATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; ELLE; ICE AB The understanding of the dynamics of substructures during deformation and annealing is fundamental in our ability to predict microstructural and physical properties such as rheological behaviour of crystalline materials. Here, we present an overview of new insights into substructure dynamics through a combination of in-situ heating experiments, detailed Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis and numerical modelling. Our main findings are summarised as follows: A) In-situ annealing of substructure-rich, near isotropic minerals such as NaCl show distinct temperature dependent behaviour. B) A numerical approach in which a lower energy state is achieved by local adjustment i.e. rotation of crystalline materials enables us to reproduce the experimentally observed, temperature dependent substructure dynamics observed in A). C) Microstructures observed in a material with a highly anisotropic viscoplastic behaviour, i.e. ice, point to direct stress translations across grain boundaries, closely related grain boundary asperities and subgrain boundary tips, arrays of quasi-parallel subgrain boundaries frequently crossing whole grains; some of which are developed as kink-bands. D) Development of a numerical simulation system which is able to predict deformation induced substructure development and recrystallization in crystalline material, including highly anisotropic material such as ice. Comparison between model and experiments enables the researcher to refine the interpretation of microstructures observed in C). Through the combination of in-situ experiments and numerical modelling it is now possible to develop an in-depth understanding of subgrain scale processes as well as establish numerical models which reproduce the experimental observations. These can be utilised to predict microstructural development and rheological behaviour of a large variety of crystalline materials. C1 [Piazolo, Sandra; Borthwick, Verity] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Griera, Albert; Jessell, Mark W.] Paul Sabatie, Toulouse, France. [Griera, Albert] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, LGGE UJF CNRS, Barcelona, Spain. [Montagnat, Maurine] UJF, CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Lebensohn, Ricardo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Evans, Lynn] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Piazolo, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden. EM sandra.piazolo@geo.su.se; verity.borthwick@geo.su.se; albert.griera@uab.cat; maurine@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr; mark.jessell@lmtg.obs-mip.fr; lebenso@lanl.gov; laevans@unimelb.edu.au RI Griera, Albert/G-8443-2013; Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Jessell, Mark/H-5132-2014 OI Griera, Albert/0000-0003-4598-8385; jessell, mark/0000-0002-0375-7311; Piazolo, Sandra/0000-0001-7723-8170; Evans, Lynn/0000-0002-0954-6072; Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; FU Swedish Research Council [VR 621-2004-5330]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; ESF through their EUROCORES Programme EuroMinScl; FP6 and the INSIS Institute of CNRS FX We thank for financial support the Swedish Research Council (VR 621-2004-5330), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (equipment), the ESF through their EUROCORES Programme EuroMinScl, FP6 and the INSIS Institute of CNRS. M. Ahlbom and A. Sundberg are thanked for help in SEM based analyses. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 502 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.502 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800081 ER PT S AU Foiles, SM AF Foiles, Stephen M. BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Ni SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE grain growth; nanocrystalline; molecular dynamics AB Grain growth in nanocrystalline Ni has been simulated by molecular dynamics. The simulations show the creation of a high density of twin boundaries during the growth as well as the formation of vacancies consistent with recent experimental observations. The growth follows parabolic kinetics with the diameter increasing with the square root of time consistent with behavior of conventional scale metals but in disagreement with prior simulation results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Foiles, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM foiles@sandia.gov OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.599 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800101 ER PT S AU Fjeldberg, E Holm, E Rollett, AD Marthinsen, K AF Fjeldberg, E. Holm, E. Rollett, A. D. Marthinsen, K. BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Mobility driven abnormal grain growth in the presence of particles SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE Abnormal grain growth; computer simulations; Potts Monte Carlo; particle effects ID CELLULAR MICROSTRUCTURES; SUBGRAIN GROWTH; UNIFIED THEORY; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MODEL; STABILITY; RECOVERY; STEEL AB Simulation of mobility-driven abnormal grain growth in the presence of particles in a 3D Potts Monte Carlo model has been investigated, and even though the driving force in this case is identical to normal grain growth, Zener pinning does not occur. Instead the particles seem merely to have a small inhibiting effect on the number of abnormal grains, and this effect only has a noticeable influence for volume fractions of particles above 5 vol%. C1 [Fjeldberg, E.; Marthinsen, K.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Holm, E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fjeldberg, E (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM egfj@statoil.com; eaholm@sandia.gov; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu; knut.marthinsen@nt.ntnu.no RI Marthinsen, Knut/E-8473-2016; OI Marthinsen, Knut/0000-0003-1732-6421; Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Sandias Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 930 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.930 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800160 ER PT J AU Miyasaka, C Telschow, KL Tittmann, BR Sadler, JT Park, IK AF Miyasaka, Chiaki Telschow, Kenneth L. Tittmann, Bernhard R. Sadler, Jeffry T. Park, Ik Keun TI DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVES PROPAGATING WITHIN A SINGLE ANISOTROPIC CRYSTALLINE PLATE WITH HYBRID ACOUSTIC IMAGING SYSTEM SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE acoustic lens; angular spectrum; anisotropy; laser-based ultrasonics ID MICROSCOPY AB We present a hybrid acoustic imaging system to directly visualize acoustic waves propagating within a single anisotropic crystalline plate. An acoustic lens (point focus, continuous wave, frequency; 180 MHz) was used to form a point source (diameter of point: approximately 5 mu m) within the silicon plate. A laser interferometric system was used to visualize the acoustic wave propagation. Distinct amplitude patterns at each focal plane were experimentally visualized. The patterns are also theoretically calculated with an Angular Spectrum of Plane Waves method. C1 [Miyasaka, Chiaki; Tittmann, Bernhard R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Telschow, Kenneth L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Sadler, Jeffry T.] Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Park, Ik Keun] Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. RP Tittmann, BR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 212 Earth Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brt4@psu.edu FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean government (MEST) [2011-0019195, 2011-0017970, 2011-220-D00002] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. D. L. Cottle for operating the opto-acoustic system and Mr. Rob Schley for designing and fabricating the water couplant filling apparatus for these measurements at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. 2011-0019195) (No. 2011-0017970) (No. 2011-220-D00002). NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0934-9847 EI 1432-2110 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1080/09349847.2012.661522 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 030YQ UT WOS:000310606400002 ER PT J AU Saxena, N Seshadhri, C AF Saxena, Nitin Seshadhri, C. TI BLACKBOX IDENTITY TESTING FOR BOUNDED TOP-FANIN DEPTH-3 CIRCUITS: THE FIELD DOESN'T MATTER SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE algebra homomorphism; blackbox; Chinese remaindering; depth-3 circuits; derandomization; identity testing; ideal theory ID SPARSE MULTIVARIATE POLYNOMIALS; FINITE-FIELDS; MULTILINEAR CIRCUITS; ARITHMETIC CIRCUITS; INTERPOLATION; FORMULAS; ALGORITHMS; QUERIES; RANK AB Let C be a depth-3 circuit with n variables, degree d, and top-fanin k (called Sigma Pi Sigma(k, d, n) circuits) over base field F. It is a major open problem to design a deterministic polynomial time blackbox algorithm that tests whether C is identically zero. Klivans and Spielman [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), 2001, pp. 216-223] observed that the problem is open even when k is a constant. This case has been subjected to serious scrutiny over the past few years, starting from the work of Dvir and Shpilka [SIAM J. Comput., 36 (2007), pp. 1404-1434]. We give the first polynomial time blackbox algorithm for this problem. Our algorithm runs in time poly(n)d(k), regardless of the base field. The only field for which polynomial time algorithms were previously known is F - Q [N. Kayal and S. Saraf, Proceedings of the 50th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2009, pp. 198-207; N. Saxena and C. Seshadhri, Proceedings of the 51st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2010, pp. 21-29]. This is the first blackbox algorithm for depth-3 circuits that does not use the rank-based approaches of Karnin and Shpilka [Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC), 2009, pp. 274-285]. We prove an important tool for the study of depth-3 identities. We design a blackbox polynomial time transformation that reduces the number of variables in a Sigma Pi Sigma(k, d, n) circuit to k variables but preserves the identity structure. C1 [Saxena, Nitin] Hausdorff Ctr Math, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Seshadhri, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Saxena, N (reprint author), Hausdorff Ctr Math, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM ns@hcm.uni-bonn.de; scomand@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1298 DI 10.1137/10848232 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 030PM UT WOS:000310582600009 ER PT J AU Dobrev, VA Kolev, TV Rieben, RN AF Dobrev, Veselin A. Kolev, Tzanio V. Rieben, Robert N. TI HIGH-ORDER CURVILINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR LAGRANGIAN HYDRODYNAMICS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; compressible flow; hyperbolic partial differential equations; Lagrangian methods; finite elements; variational methods; high-order methods; curvilinear meshes ID ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITY; SHOCK HYDRODYNAMICS; GAS-DYNAMICS; SCHEME; COMPUTATIONS; CONSISTENCY; STABILITY; MESHES; ERRORS AB The numerical approximation of the Euler equations of gas dynamics in a moving Lagrangian frame is at the heart of many multiphysics simulation algorithms. In this paper, we present a general framework for high-order Lagrangian discretization of these compressible shock hydrodynamics equations using curvilinear finite elements. This method is an extension of the approach outlined in [Dobrev et al., Internat. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 65 (2010), pp. 1295-1310] and can be formulated for any finite dimensional approximation of the kinematic and thermodynamic fields, including generic finite elements on two-and three-dimensional meshes with triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral, or hexahedral zones. We discretize the kinematic variables of position and velocity using a continuous high-order basis function expansion of arbitrary polynomial degree which is obtained via a corresponding high-order parametric mapping from a standard reference element. This enables the use of curvilinear zone geometry, higher-order approximations for fields within a zone, and a pointwise definition of mass conservation which we refer to as strong mass conservation. We discretize the internal energy using a piecewise discontinuous high-order basis function expansion which is also of arbitrary polynomial degree. This facilitates multimaterial hydrodynamics by treating material properties, such as equations of state and constitutive models, as piecewise discontinuous functions which vary within a zone. To satisfy the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions at a shock boundary and generate the appropriate entropy, we introduce a general tensor artificial viscosity which takes advantage of the high-order kinematic and thermodynamic information available in each zone. Finally, we apply a generic high-order time discretization process to the semidiscrete equations to develop the fully discrete numerical algorithm. Our method can be viewed as the high-order generalization of the so-called staggered-grid hydrodynamics (SGH) approach and we show that under specific low-order assumptions, we exactly recover the classical SGH method. We present numerical results from an extensive series of verification tests that demonstrate several important practical advantages of using high-order finite elements in this context. C1 [Dobrev, Veselin A.; Kolev, Tzanio V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Rieben, Robert N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div B, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dobrev, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dobrev1@llnl.gov; tzanio@llnl.gov; rieben1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-516394] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-516394. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 5 BP B606 EP B641 DI 10.1137/120864672 PG 36 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 030OU UT WOS:000310580800022 ER PT S AU DasGupta, S Armstrong, A Kaplar, R Marinella, M Brock, R Smith, M Atcitty, S AF DasGupta, Sandeepan Armstrong, Andrew Kaplar, Robert Marinella, Matthew Brock, Reinhard Smith, Mark Atcitty, Stanley BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Sub-Bandgap Light-Induced Carrier Generation at Room Temperature in Silicon Carbide MOS Capacitors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Sub-bandgap; optical generation; metastable defect; silicon vacancy ID DEFECTS AB Carrier generation characteristics in n-type substrate SiC MOS capacitors induced by sub-bandgap energy light are reported. The generation rate is high enough to create an inversion layer in similar to 20 minutes with monochromatic light (front side illumination) of energy 2.1 eV (intensity similar to 5x10(16) cm(-2)s(-1)) in 4H-SiC for electric fields smaller than 1 MV/cm. Generation and recovery results strongly indicate involvement of a metastable defect whose efficiency as a generation center increases under hole-rich and decreases under electron-rich conditions. The generation dependence on bias history and light energy shows the defect to have properties consistent with the metastable silicon vacancy / carbon vacancy-antisite complex (V-Si / V-c - C-Si). C1 [DasGupta, Sandeepan; Armstrong, Andrew; Kaplar, Robert; Marinella, Matthew; Brock, Reinhard; Smith, Mark; Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP DasGupta, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1748,MS 1084, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM sdasgup@sandia.gov; aarmstr@sandia.gov; rjkapla@sandia.gov; mmarine@sandia.gov; rcbrock@sandia.gov; masmit@sandia.gov; satcitt@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.441 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000104 ER PT S AU Tuttle, BR Dhar, S Ryu, SH Zhu, X Williams, JR Feldman, LC Pantelides, ST AF Tuttle, B. R. Dhar, S. Ryu, S. -H. Zhu, X. Williams, J. R. Feldman, L. C. Pantelides, S. T. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Sodium, Rubidium and Cesium in the Gate Oxides of SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Semiconductor Theory; MOSFETs; Shallow Impurities AB Large group-I elements such as sodium, rubidium and cesium have recently been incorporated in the gate oxide of SiC power MOSFETs. In the case of sodium incorporation, enhanced field effect mobilities have been definitively observed. Based on density functional calculations, we find large group-I elements serve as shallow impurities near the interface. The enhanced mobility, observed in the case of sodium, can be explained in terms of an impurity band model. C1 [Tuttle, B. R.; Feldman, L. C.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Dhar, S.; Ryu, S. -H.] Cree Inc, R&D Div, Durham, NC USA. [Zhu, X.; Williams, J. R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Feldman, L. C.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuttle, BR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM brt10@psu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0907385] FX This work has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation via grant DMR-0907385. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 453 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.453 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000107 ER PT S AU Jayasekera, T Kim, KW Nardelli, MB AF Jayasekera, Thushari Kim, K. W. Nardelli, M. Buongiorno BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Electronic and Structural Properties of Turbostratic Epitaxial Graphene on the 6H-SiC (000-1) Surface SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE epitaxial graphene; turbostratic; Moire patterns; SiC C-face ID GRAPHITE; FILMS AB We propose an atomistic model to study the interface properties of mis-oriented (Wrbostratic) epitaxial graphene on the 6H-SiC (000-1) surface. Using calculations from first principles, we compare the energetics and structural/electronic properties of AB and turbostratic stacking sequences within a model based on the Si adatom surface reconstruction. Our calculations show that the systems with AB and turbostratic sequences are very close in energy, demonstrating the possibility of observation of Moire patterns in epitaxial graphene on the C-face of 6H-SiC. The two-dimensional electron gas behavior is preserved in the epitaxial turbostratic graphene systems. However, there are deviations from the ideal turbostratic graphene. C1 [Jayasekera, Thushari] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Kim, K. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nardelli, M. Buongiorno] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Nardelli, M. Buongiorno] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jayasekera, T (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM tjayasekera@physics.siu.edu; kwk@ncsu.edu; mbnardelli@ncsu.edu FU DARPA/HRL; CERA; FCRP FENA; NSF; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05- 00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC. FX This work was supported, in part, by the DARPA/HRL, CERA, the FCRP FENA programs, and NSF. M.B.N. wishes to acknowledge partial support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC05- 00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. Calculations have been performed at NCCS-ORNL and HPC- NCSU NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 595 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.595 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000142 ER PT J AU Kim, D Srivastava, S Narayanan, S Archer, LA AF Kim, Daniel Srivastava, Samanvaya Narayanan, Suresh Archer, Lynden A. TI Polymer nanocomposites: polymer and particle dynamics SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID GRAFTED-NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COMPOSITES; RHEOLOGY; DISPERSION; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; MOTION AB Polymer nanocomposites containing nanoparticles smaller than the random coil size of their host polymer chains are known to exhibit unique properties, such as lower viscosity and glass transition temperature relative to the neat polymer melt. It has been hypothesized that these unusual properties result from fast diffusion of the nanostructures in the host polymer, which facilitates polymer chain relaxation by constraint release and other processes. In this study, the effects of addition of sterically stabilized inorganic nanoparticles to entangled cis-1,4-polyisoprene and polydimethylsiloxane on the overall rheology of nanocomposites are discussed. In addition, insights about the relaxation of the host polymer chains and transport properties of nanoparticles in entangled polymer nanocomposites are presented. The nanoparticles are found to act as effective plasticizers for their entangled linear hosts, and below a critical, chemistry and molecular-weight dependent particle volume fraction, lead to reduced viscosity, glass transition temperature, number of entanglements, and polymer relaxation time. We also find that the particle motions in the polymer host are hyperdiffusive and at the nanoparticle length scale, the polymer host acts like a simple, ideal fluid and the composites' viscosity rises with increasing particle concentration. C1 [Kim, Daniel; Srivastava, Samanvaya; Archer, Lynden A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Narayanan, Suresh] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Archer, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM laa25@cornell.edu RI Srivastava, Samanvaya/J-1977-2012 OI Srivastava, Samanvaya/0000-0002-3519-7224 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1006323, KUS-C1-018-02]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Award no. DMR-1006323 and Award No.KUS-C1-018-02 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Use of the Sector 8-ID-I at Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Facilities available through the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR) were used for this study. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 13 U2 113 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 42 BP 10813 EP 10818 DI 10.1039/c2sm26325d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 033VL UT WOS:000310829400002 ER PT J AU Janak, JM Brown, RS Colotelo, AH Pflugrath, BD Stephenson, JR Deng, ZD Carlson, TJ Seaburg, AG AF Janak, Jill M. Brown, Richard S. Colotelo, Alison H. Pflugrath, Brett D. Stephenson, John R. Deng, Z. Daniel Carlson, Thomas J. Seaburg, Adam G. TI The Effects of Neutrally Buoyant, Externally Attached Transmitters on Swimming Performance and Predator Avoidance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; TURBINE PASSAGE; SOCKEYE SALMON; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FISH; IMPLANTATION AB Migrating juvenile salmonids experience rapid decompression that could result in injury or mortality due to barotrauma as they pass turbines at hydropower facilities. Recent research indicates that the risk of injury or mortality due to barotrauma is higher in fish bearing surgically implanted transmitters. Since tagged fish are used to represent the entire population, this tag effect potentially leads to inaccuracies in survival estimates for fish passing turbines. This problem led to development of a novel transmitter, the use of which may eliminate bias associated with the passage of transmitter-bearing fish through turbines. Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were tagged with two different neutrally buoyant, externally attached transmitters (types A and B). The effects of transmitter presence on swimming performance were examined by comparing critical swimming speeds (U-crit; an index of prolonged swimming performance) of externally tagged fish, untagged individuals, and fish that received surgically implanted Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System acoustic transmitters. Fish tagged with external transmitters had lower U-crit than untagged individuals. However, there was no difference in U-crit between fish with external transmitter type A or B and fish with surgically implanted transmitters. Testing was conducted to determine whether predator avoidance was affected by the presence of type A transmitters compared with untagged fish. No difference in predation mortality was detected between tagged and untagged fish. Although results suggest that U-crit was affected by externally attached transmitters in comparison with untagged fish, the overall impact as reflected by survival was similar; field-based survival studies involving juvenile salmonids passing through hydroturbines are recommended. The absence of swimming performance effects in fish with external tags relative to fish with internally implanted transmitters and the lack of an increased predation risk relative to untagged fish suggest that an externally attached, neutrally buoyant transmitter is a viable option for telemetry studies in estimating survival of juvenile salmonids passing through hydroturbines. C1 [Janak, Jill M.; Brown, Richard S.; Colotelo, Alison H.; Pflugrath, Brett D.; Stephenson, John R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Deng, Z. Daniel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Carlson, Thomas J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Seaburg, Adam G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rich.brown@pnnl.gov RI Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011 OI Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District. We thank USACE staff, including Robert Johnson, Martin Ahmann, Brad Eppard, Dennis Schwartz, and Mike Langeslay, and the USACE Turbine Survival Technical Team for their commitment, assistance, and oversight. We extend appreciation to Tom Hancock (Eastern Washington University) and John Skalski (University of Washington) for their technical insight and input. We also thank the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory staff members whose diverse professional expertise contributed to the success of this study and the overall project, including Tylor Abel, Duane Balvage, Andrea Currie, Kate Deters, Gayle Dirkes, Joanne Duncan, Curt Lavender, Andrea LeBarge, Jayson Martinez, Geoff McMichael, Mitchell Myjak, Kathy Neiderhiser, Cory Overman, Jes Smart, Noel Tavan, Tim Linley, Ricardo Walker, and Mark Weiland. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1432 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.688915 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700023 ER PT J AU Magel, GA Roberts, NA Fowlkes, JD Rack, PD Hartfield, CD Moore, TM AF Magel, Gregory A. Roberts, Nicholas A. Fowlkes, Jason D. Rack, Philip D. Hartfield, Cheryl D. Moore, Thomas M. GP IEEE TI Laser-Assisted Nanofabrication in the Scanning Electron Microscope SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE Nanofabrication; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Self-assembly; Electron Beam; Focused Ion Beam ID BEAM-INDUCED DEPOSITION; INSTABILITIES; NANOPARTICLES; COPPER; FILMS AB A prototype apparatus was developed to deliver up to similar to 300 kW/cm(2) of cw or pulsed near IR light to a sample inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or focused ion beam (FIB) instrument. Transient heating of localized areas around the electron or ion beam can be performed with fine control of power and pulse parameters, down to sub-microsecond durations. In conjunction with a gas injection system, electron beam induced deposition (EBID) of enhanced purity Pt and Au structures was demonstrated. Dynamics of pulsed laser induced solid-state dewetting of Ni and Au were also observed in real time in a SEM/FIB, which may lead to improved understanding and manipulation of self-assembled nanostructures. C1 [Magel, Gregory A.; Roberts, Nicholas A.; Hartfield, Cheryl D.; Moore, Thomas M.] Omniprobe Inc, 10410 Miller Rd, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Roberts, Nicholas A.; Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fowlkes, Jason D.; Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Magel, GA (reprint author), Omniprobe Inc, 10410 Miller Rd, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. EM greg.magel@omniprobe.oxinst.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900316 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S He, HY Pandey, R Karna, SP AF Mukhopadhyay, Saikat He, Haiying Pandey, Ravindra Karna, Shashi P. GP IEEE TI Conformation vs Voltage Gating in a Molecular Transistor: A First-Principles Quantum Chemical Study SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE Molecular transistor; quantum transport; conformational gating; and conventional gating AB The electronic conduction of a novel, three-terminal molecular architecture is studied under the influence of conformational or voltage gating and also when both are simultaneously present. At the ground state configuration, the calculated tunneling current (I-d) as a function of external bias (V-ds) exhibits typical insulator-semiconductor behaviour. However, a significant increase, by more than an order of magnitude, and a distinct variation in the current are predicted in its operational mode (V-ds>1.5V) when additional non-planarity is induced in the triphenyl chain. The observed conformational gating affects the current via localization/delocalization of the electronic wave function in the conduction channel. As the gate-field is turned on, the transport is affected via "enhancement" or "depletion" mode of a transistor, attributed to the intrinsic dipolar molecular architecture. The current modulation is found to reach its maximum only under exclusive effect of voltage or conformational gating and diminishes when both of them are present. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Saikat; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [He, Haiying] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Karna, Shashi P.] US Army Res Lab, ATTN RDRL WM, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM smukhopa@mtu.edu; haiyinghe@anl.gov; pandey@mtu.edu; Shashi.p.karna.civ@mail.mil RI Mukhopadhyay, Saikat/B-4402-2011 FU MTU; Army Research Ot1ice [W911NF -09-1-0221] FX The work at MTU was performed under support by Army Research Ot1ice through contract number W911NF -09-1-0221. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900207 ER PT J AU Ng, PK Fisher, B Low, KB Bode, M Lilley, CM AF Ng, Poh-Keong Fisher, Brandon Low, Ke-Bin Bode, Matthias Lilley, Carmen M. GP IEEE TI Self Assembled Bimetallic Ag/Cu-Si Nanowires on Si(001) Synthesized with E-beam Evaporation SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE Self assembly; E-beam evaporation; Ag/Cu-Si; nanowires; SEM; XEDS ID NANOPARTICLES AB This paper presents a method of fabricating self assembled bimetallic Ag and Cu-Si nanowires on Si(001) with electron beam (e-beam) evaporation in ultra high vacuum (UHV) environment. We fabricated three types of bimetallic nanowires with two variations of Ag/Cu-Si that were modulated in longitudinal segment wise and a parallel type of bimetallic nanowire. Two types of fabrication were performed: (1) a two segment nanowire with Ag and Cu-Si in both modulated and parallel directions and (2) a three segment nanowire with the following Ag/Cu-Si/Ag and Cu-Si/Ag/Cu-Si configurations. In situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are shown. X-ray energy dispersive energy spectroscopy (XEDS) was performed on a bimetallic nanowire. C1 [Ng, Poh-Keong; Lilley, Carmen M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Fisher, Brandon] Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Low, Ke-Bin] Univ Illinois, Res Resources Ctr, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bode, Matthias] Univ Wilrzburg, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wilrzburg, Germany. [Bode, Matthias] Rontgen Res Ctr Complex Mat Syst RCCM, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wilrzburg, Germany. [Lilley, Carmen M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Ng, PK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM clilley@uic.edu FU NSF ARRA CAREER [CMMI-0846814]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CHI1357] FX This research is sponsored by a NSF ARRA CAREER grant (CMMI-0846814). Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CHI1357. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900229 ER PT J AU Wu, YMA Speller, S Creeth, G Sadowski, J Allen, CS Warner, JH AF Wu, Yimin A. Speller, Susannah Creeth, Graham Sadowski, Jurek Allen, Christopher S. Warner, Jamie H. GP IEEE TI Large Single Crystals of Graphene on Melted Copper using Chemical Vapour Deposition SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) AB A simple one-step method is presented for synthesizing large single crystal graphene domains on melted copper using atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (CVD). This is achieved by performing the reaction above the melting point of copper (1090 degrees C) and using a molybdenum support to prevent balling of the copper from dewetting. By controlling the amount of hydrogen during growth, individual single crystal domains of monolayer graphene greater than 200 mu m are produced, determined by electron diffraction mapping. Angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to show the graphene grown on copper exhibits a linear dispersion relationship and has no sign of doping. C1 [Wu, Yimin A.; Speller, Susannah; Allen, Christopher S.; Warner, Jamie H.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Creeth, Graham] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Sadowski, Jurek] Ctr Funct Nanomat, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, YMA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM Yimin.wu@materials.ox.ac.uk FU EPSRC International Doctoral Scholarship (IDS); Wolfson China Scholarship; China Oxford Scholarship Fund; Overseas Research Scholarship; Royal Society and BaHiol College; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-98CHI0886] FX Y.A.W thanks fmancial support from EPSRC International Doctoral Scholarship (IDS), Wolfson China Scholarship, China Oxford Scholarship Fund and Overseas Research Scholarship. J.H.W. thanks the support from the Royal Society and BaHiol College. Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-98CHI0886. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 22 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900236 ER PT S AU Liang, ZX AF Liang, Zhenxian GP IEEE TI Status and Trend of Automotive Power Packaging SO 2012 24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ICS (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD) CY JUN 03-07, 2012 CL Bruges, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc (EDS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS), Inst Elect Engineers Japan (IEEJ), European Ctr Power Elect (ECPE), ABB, Alpha & Omega Semicond, Appl Mat, Fairchild Semicond, Fe, Infineon, Int IOR Rectifier, Micro Gan GmbH, Mitsubishi Elect & Elect, NXP, ON Semicond, Semikron, ST DE packaging; power semiconductor; power module; electric drive; hybrid electric & electric vehicles AB Comprehensive requirements in aspects of cost, reliability, efficiency, form factor, weight, and volume for power electronics modules in modern electric drive vehicles have driven the development of automotive power packaging technology intensively. Innovation in materials, interconnections, and processing techniques is leading to enormous improvements in power modules. In this paper, the technical development of and trends in power module packaging are evaluated by examining technical details with examples of industrial products. The issues and development directions for future automotive power module packaging are also discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Liang, ZX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. OI Liang, Zhenxian/0000-0002-2811-0944 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6854 BN 978-1-4577-1595-2 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2012 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ65 UT WOS:000309220400080 ER PT J AU Schulte, EF Cooper, KA Phillips, M Shinde, SL AF Schulte, Eric F. Cooper, Keith A. Phillips, Matthew Shinde, Subhash L. GP IEEE TI Characterization of a Novel Fluxless Surface Preparation Process for Die Interconnect Bonding SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB For applications such as 3D integration, flip chip, and other die interconnection processes, a variety of metals is used to form an electrical and mechanical bond between the two components. Native oxides, however, quickly form on many of the common bond materials, hindering the integrity of the joint and adversely affecting long-term reliability. A new method has been developed to reduce these surface oxides and passivate the exposed metal surfaces against re-oxidation. Avoiding the use of acids or the possible exposure to hot electrons, ions and highly energetic atoms of conventional vacuum plasma, the developed and tested processing is carried out in atmospheric ambient to remove native oxides from solders and contact metals, enabling consistent bonding at modest temperatures and bond forces. The processing approach has been applied to a variety of metal and alloy surfaces, with bonding pursued over a range of forces and temperatures. Analysis of treated and untreated surfaces will also be presented, including SEM images and surface analysis techniques such as laser ellipsometry. Finally, physical bonding results will demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed atmospheric surface preparation approach, lowering the temperatures and bond forces required to achieve effective joining between component parts. C1 [Schulte, Eric F.; Cooper, Keith A.; Phillips, Matthew] SET N Amer, 343 Meadow Fox Lane, Chester, NH 03036 USA. [Shinde, Subhash L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schulte, EF (reprint author), SET N Amer, 343 Meadow Fox Lane, Chester, NH 03036 USA. EM ericfschulte@yahoo.com; kcooper@set-na.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1965-2 PY 2012 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ36 UT WOS:000309162000005 ER PT J AU Henry, MD Greth, KD Nguyen, J Nordquist, CD Shul, R Wiwi, M Plut, TA Olsson, RH AF Henry, M. David Greth, K. Douglas Janet Nguyen Nordquist, Christopher D. Shul, Randy Wiwi, Mike Plut, Thomas A. Olsson, Roy H., III GP IEEE TI Hermetic Wafer-Level Packaging for RF MEMs: Effects on Resonator Performance SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) AB The work presented here details the wafer-level fabrication and integration of aluminum nitride (AlN) micro resonators into hermetic micro environments. By etching cavities into the lid wafer and then bonding the lid wafer to a wafer of AlN micro resonators, a hermetic micro environment is created. After bonding, the lid wafer is thinned by plasma etching to expose individual die. This sequence presents the opportunity to perform resonator release on a wafer level while providing protection from dicing and other fabrication steps. We present here, fabrication and integration specifics on the wafer-level-packaging (WLP). Further we detail challenges encountered during the integration process including: elimination of micro voids created during eutectic wafer bonding, the use of plasma etching of lid wafers as a replacement to polish based wafer thinning, techniques to confirm hermetic environments, and significant failure mechanisms of the process limiting yield. Finally, we quantify improvements of the AlN micro resonators by correlating quality factors and integrated Pirani gauges. C1 [Henry, M. David; Greth, K. Douglas; Janet Nguyen; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Shul, Randy; Wiwi, Mike; Plut, Thomas A.; Olsson, Roy H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Henry, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdhenry@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1965-2 PY 2012 BP 362 EP 369 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ36 UT WOS:000309162000060 ER PT J AU Tian, T Chen, K Kunz, M Tamura, N Zhan, CJ Chang, TC Tu, KN AF Tian, Tian Chen, Kai Kunz, Martin Tamura, Nobumichi Zhan, Chau-Jie Chang, Tao-Chih Tu, King-Ning GP IEEE TI Preferred Orientation of 30 mu m Fine Pitch Sn2.5Ag Micro-bumps Studied by Synchrotron Polychromatic X-ray Laue Microdiffraction SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID TIN; DIFFUSION; JOINT AB Synchrotron radiation white beam x-ray microdiffraction was employed to study grain size and orientation of fine pitch Sn2.5Ag micro-bumps. The indexing of the Laue patterns shows that there is mostly one dominant grain orientation in each micro-bump. Moreover, a statistics study based on the characterization of 72 micro-bumps, shows that the [001] direction, which is the fast diffusion path for Ni/Cu atoms in Sn tends to be parallel to the substrate of the test vehicle. This property remains stable after repeated reflow processes. C1 [Tian, Tian; Tu, King-Ning] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Chen, Kai] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kunz, Martin; Tamura, Nobumichi] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhan, Chau-Jie; Chang, Tao-Chih] Ind Technol Res Inst, Elect & Optoelect Res Lab, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan. RP Tian, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM tian85@ucla.edu RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012; Chen, Kai/O-5662-2014 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900; Chen, Kai/0000-0002-4917-4445 FU SRC [KJ-1772]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors at UCLA would like to acknowledge the support from SRC contract KJ-1772. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1965-2 PY 2012 BP 882 EP 885 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ36 UT WOS:000309162000142 ER PT J AU Brocato, RW Brocato, TA Wendt, JR Sanchez, CA Stotts, LG AF Brocato, Robert W. Brocato, Terisse A. Wendt, Joel R. Sanchez, Carlos A. Stotts, Larry G. GP IEEE TI Optimized SAW Chemical Sensor with Microfluidic Packaging SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) DE surface acoustic wave; sensors; RF packaging; microfluidic AB Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are used as sensing elements in the best performing portable chemical detectors. The SAW device, with a selectively absorbing chemical coating, serves as a mass sensor which preferentially responds to various chemical exposures. To obtain the highest performance, a number of criteria must be optimized, including SAW microwave insertion loss, impedance matching, electrode design configuration, RF shielding, chemically absorbent coating area, electronic measurement approach, and microfluidic packaging. A properly optimized system can be sensitive to chemical exposures the parts-per-trillion range. We report on a design optimization approach consisting of multiple comparison experiments made with competing designs. C1 [Brocato, Robert W.; Brocato, Terisse A.; Wendt, Joel R.; Sanchez, Carlos A.; Stotts, Larry G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brocato, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rwbroca@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1965-2 PY 2012 BP 936 EP 941 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ36 UT WOS:000309162000152 ER PT J AU Palmer, J Chu, D Fang, L AF Palmer, Jeremy Chu, Dahwey Fang, Lu GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Self-Assembled Monolayer Treatment for Wire Bonding with ENEPIG Surface Finish SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) ID CHIP AB Extended service life plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packaging with Au ball wire bonding and die-side electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) surface finish is in development. Post-microfabrication ENEPIG plating is proposed for the extended service life PBGA application to reduce the risk of brittle failure of wire bonds with Au-Al intermetallics over decades of exposure to thermal extremes in the field. An experimental study was undertaken to measure wire bond strength in PBGA samples with ENEPIG plating and varying die and substrate surface preparation. Liquid-phase immersion surface treatment with alkanethiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was investigated as an alternative to argon plasma cleaning. Wire bond pull and shear force measurements per MIL-STD-883 were performed on four groups of PBGA samples with prescribed combinations of ENEPIG plating, plasma cleaning and SAM surface treatment. Results reveal that average wire bond pull and shear force in ENEPIG-plated samples exceed six grams force in all cases and are consistent with that of non-plated samples for constant bonding parameters. Surface treatment yields a measurable increase in wire bond strength relative to untreated samples, and ENEPIG-plated samples that receive plasma cleaning exhibit 23% greater average wire bond pull force relative to plated samples treated with SAMs. Wire bond strength was lower in samples where greater ENEPIG surface roughness was observed, consistent with data from the literature. The outcome supports the importance of surface cleaning for robust wire bonds, and suggests that in the context of strength, ENEPIG plating is compatible with the legacy Au ball-on-Al pad thermosonic wire bonding process. C1 [Palmer, Jeremy; Chu, Dahwey; Fang, Lu] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Palmer, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM japalme@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1965-2 PY 2012 BP 1159 EP 1162 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ36 UT WOS:000309162000186 ER PT J AU Chu, D Rohwer, LES AF Chu, Dahwey Rohwer, Lauren E. S. GP IEEE TI Development of Ultra Dense Edge Interconnects for Die to Die Connections Based on Immersion Solder Bridging SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT) AB A high density 2-D integration process that involves linking multiple die along their edges using a linear array of solder bridges was explored. Solder bridging is a versatile approach that is compatible with a range of interconnect geometries and metallizations. We have demonstrated this approach using copper plated nodules that were fabricated on the surface of the die and extend beyond the edge of the die. These nodules were 25 microns (mu m) thick with 10, 20, and 50 mu m widths. The formation of solder bridges was accomplished using immersion soldering, where the entire part was dipped into a molten solder bath. Due to surface energy effects, the solder selectively wets and flows along all wettable metal surfaces to form a strong solder bond. The solder can even flow across gaps (15 microns). C1 [Chu, Dahwey; Rohwer, Lauren E. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0352, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM chud@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1965-2 PY 2012 BP 1984 EP 1991 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ36 UT WOS:000309162000316 ER PT S AU Christophersen, JP Morrison, JL Rose, DM Morrison, WH Motloch, CG AF Christophersen, Jon P. Morrison, John L. Rose, David M. Morrison, William H. Motloch, Chester G. GP IEEE TI Crosstalk Compensation for a Rapid, Higher-Resolution Impedance Spectrum Measurement SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS ID LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES AB Crosstalk Compensation is an approach that enables rapid, higher-resolution impedance spectra measurements of energy storage devices. The input signal consists of a sum-of-sines excitation current that has a known frequency spread. The advantage of Crosstalk Compensation is that high resolution spectra can be acquired within one period of the lowest frequency while also including non-harmonic frequencies. The crosstalk interference at a given frequency can be pre-determined and assigned to an error matrix. The real and imaginary impedance can then be calculated based on the inverse of the error matrix and captured response. Analytical validation of Crosstalk Compensation was performed using a battery equivalent circuit model. Two different frequency ranges were simulated, and both indicated that a minimum step factor between frequencies should be 1.25 to reduce the error in compensating the captured response signal. For a frequency range of 1638.4-0.1 Hz, for example, a maximum of 45 frequencies should be included within the excitation signal to accurately acquire the impedance spectra at high resolution. A simplified derivation of Crosstalk Compensation and its corresponding analytical validation studies are discussed. C1 [Christophersen, Jon P.] Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Morrison, John L.; Rose, David M.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Morrison, William H.] Qualtech Syst Inc, Wethersfield, CT USA. [Motloch, Chester G.] Motloch Consulting Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Christophersen, JP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Jon.Christophersen@inl.gov; jmorrison@mtech.edu; fievel.rook@gmail.com; bill@teamqsi.com; cmotloch@gmail.com FU agency of the United States Government under US DOE [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies; agency of the U.S. Government FX This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government under US DOE Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.; This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105304001 ER PT S AU Jungwirth, MEL Wilcox, CC Romeo, RC Wick, DV Dereniak, EL Martin, RN Baker, MS AF Jungwirth, Matthew E. L. Wilcox, Christopher C. Romeo, Robert C. Wick, David V. Dereniak, Eustace L. Martin, Robert N. Baker, Michael S. GP IEEE TI Actuation for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Active Optical Mirrors SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS AB Adaptive or active elements can alter their shape to remove aberrations or shift focal points. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) material improves upon current active mirror materials, such as Zerodur, in several ways: low stiffness-to-weight ratio, very low hysteresis, and greater dynamic range of correction. In this paper, we present recent developments in CFRP mirror actuation, i.e., changing the mirror's shape in an accurate and repeatable fashion. Actuation methods are studied both theoretically, using finite element analysis, and experimentally, using interferometric testing. We present results using two annular rings to push against the mirror's back, producing a wavefront with less than 20 waves of total error. Applications for this work include active telescope secondaries, phase diversity, and adaptive zoom systems. C1 [Jungwirth, Matthew E. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Wilcox, Christopher C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Romeo, Robert C.] Composite Mirror Appl, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dereniak, Eustace L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Jungwirth, MEL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM mejungw@sandia.gov; Chris.wilcox@gmail.com; robertromeo@compositemirrors.com; dvwick@sandia.gov; eustace@optics.arizona.edu; robertmartin@compositemirrors.com; msbaker@sandia.gov FU Office of Naval Research; Sandia Labs; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank the invaluable assistance of Brian Clark and Jared Milinazzo, and useful discussions with Freddie Santiago and Brett Bagwell. M. Jungwirth would like to thank E. Jungwirth for helpful comments on the manuscript.; This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (Michael Duncan program manager) and the Sandia Labs LDRD program.; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105301088 ER PT S AU Lindsay, S Poore, C AF Lindsay, Steve Poore, Clark GP IEEE TI An Optimized Database for Spacecraft State-of-Health Analysis SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS AB This paper describes the design and implementation of an optimized state-of-health (SOH) database. We include performance data for querying measurands with various sample rates and with various change rates across multiple time intervals. C1 [Lindsay, Steve; Poore, Clark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lindsay, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM srlinds@sandia.gov; capoore@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105304011 ER PT S AU Teifel, J Flores, RS Pearson, S Begay, C Ma, KK Palmer, J AF Teifel, John Flores, Richard S. Pearson, Sean Begay, Cynthia Ma, Kwok Kee Palmer, Jeremy GP IEEE TI ViArray Standard Platforms: Rad-Hard Structured ASICs for Digital and Mixed-Signal Applications SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS AB Sandia's radiation-hardened ViArray standard platforms use via-configurable circuits to create quick-turn, low-cost structured ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits). Via-configurable technology enables performance similar to standard-cell ASICs, but with low-volume costs approaching that of programmable logic devices. Due to their significantly lower development cost and shorter production times, ViArray ASICs are rapidly replacing custom ASICs in Sandia's high-reliability digital and analog applications. This paper describes the Eiger ViArray platform, which is optimized for general-purpose digital applications, and the Whistler ViArray platform, which is optimized for mixed-signal instrumentation and state-of-health applications.(123) C1 [Teifel, John; Flores, Richard S.; Pearson, Sean; Begay, Cynthia; Ma, Kwok Kee; Palmer, Jeremy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Teifel, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1072, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jteifel@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105302058 ER PT S AU Huang, WT Ji, ZP Brumby, SP Kenyon, G Bettencourt, LMA AF Huang, Wentao Ji, Zhengping Brumby, Steven P. Kenyon, Garrett Bettencourt, Luis M. A. GP IEEE TI Development of Invariant Feature Maps via A Computational Model of Simple and Complex Cells SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA ID RECEPTIVE-FIELD ORGANIZATION; SLOW FEATURE ANALYSIS; CATS STRIATE CORTEX; VISUAL-CORTEX; OBJECT RECOGNITION; SYSTEM; V1 AB In the primate's primary visual cortex (V1), cells are classified in terms of two categories: simple cells and complex cells, given their response properties. While simple cells respond strongly to gating and bar stimuli at a certain phase and location, responses of complex cells are insensitive to small translation of stimulus within the receptive field [1]. Inspired by the response properties of simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex, we propose a computational network to learn the receptive fields of these cells, and address the development of translation invariance from a temporal sequence of natural images. A generative model with sparseness constraints is devised to minimize the energy of prediction errors. Each simple cell is modulated by a higher layer of complex cells in a multiplicative fashion, where a slowness property and a trace-like rule are enforced on complex cells, as the result of a temporal coherence soft constraint. Furthermore, non-negativity constraints of the latent cell variables and weight matrices are imposed to fit the known neurophysiology. We present an online gradient descent algorithm to train our model from natural image sequences, in which a pre-training strategy is used to initialize the weights. The developed connection weights show that complex cell outputs are directly proportional to quadratic forms of simple cell responses. Each receptive field of simple cells develop a Gabor-like orientation filter, and each complex cell pools similar simple cell receptive fields - in retinotopic and feature space - producing the locally-invariant representation. C1 [Huang, Wentao] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ji, Zhengping] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Ji, Zhengping] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Brumby, Steven P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 3, Space Data Syst Grp, Machine Learning Team, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kenyon, Garrett] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P21, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Bettencourt, Luis M. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T5, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Bettencourt, Luis M. A.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Huang, WT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM whuang21@jhmi.edu; jizhengp@gmail.com; brumby@lanl.gov; garkenyon@gmail.com; lmbettencourt@gmail.com FU DOE LDRD-DR program FX This work was supported by the DOE LDRD-DR program. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4673-1490-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2012 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCA06 UT WOS:000309341301021 ER PT S AU Ji, ZP Huang, WT Brumby, SP AF Ji, Zhengping Huang, Wentao Brumby, Steven P. GP IEEE TI Learning Sparse Representation via a Nonlinear Shrinkage Encoder and a Linear Sparse Decoder SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA ID ALGORITHM AB Learning sparse representations for deep networks has drawn considerable research interest in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel framework to learn sparse representations via a generalized encoder-decoder architecture. The basic idea is to adopt a fast approximation to the iterative sparse coding solution and form an efficient nonlinear encoder to map an input to a sparse representation. A set of basis functions is then learned through the minimization of an energy function consisting of a sparseness prior and linear decoder constraints. Applying a greedy layer-wise learning scheme, this framework can be extended to more layers to learn deep networks. The proposed learning algorithm is also highly efficient as no iterative operations are required, and both batch and on-line learning are supported. Given the sparse representation and basis functions, an optimized decoding procedure is carried out to reconstruct and denoise the input signals. We evaluate our model on natural image patches to develop a dictionary of V1-like Gabor filters, and further show that basis functions in a higher layer (e.g., V2) combine the filters in a lower layer to generate more complex patterns to benefit the high-level tasks. We then use the sparse representations to recognize objects in two benchmark data sets (i.e., CIFAR-10 and NORB) via a linear SVM classifier, and demonstrate better or comparable recognition performances with respect to state-of-art algorithms. The image reconstruction of MNIST images and the restoration of corrupted versions are presented at the end. C1 [Ji, Zhengping] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huang, Wentao] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Brumby, Steven P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Machine Learning Team, Space Data Syst Grp, ISR 3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ji, ZP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zji@lanl.gov; whuang21@jhmi.edu; brumby@lanl.gov FU DOE LDRD-DR program FX This work is supported by the DOE LDRD-DR program. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4673-1490-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCA06 UT WOS:000309341303032 ER PT S AU Arbanas, G Becker, B Dagan, R Dunn, ME Larson, NM Leal, LC Williams, ML AF Arbanas, G. Becker, B. Dagan, R. Dunn, M. E. Larson, N. M. Leal, L. C. Williams, M. L. BE Neudecker, D Leeb, H TI Covariance Matrix of a Double-Differential Doppler-Broadened Elastic Scattering Cross Section SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances CY SEP 14-16, 2011 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst AB Legendre moments of a double-differential Doppler-broadened elastic neutron scattering cross section on U-238 are computed near the 6.67 eV resonance at temperature T = 10(3) K up to angular order 14. A covariance matrix of these Legendre moments is computed as a functional of the covariance matrix of the elastic scattering cross section. A variance of double-differential Doppler-broadened elastic scattering cross section is computed from the covariance of Legendre moments. C1 [Arbanas, G.; Dunn, M. E.; Larson, N. M.; Leal, L. C.; Williams, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Becker, B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aeospace & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Dagan, R.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Neutron Phys & Reaktortech, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Arbanas, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM arbanasg@ornl.gov OI Becker, Bjorn/0000-0001-6821-1873 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 27 AR 00006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700006 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCB38 UT WOS:000309599200006 ER PT S AU Mattoon, CM Brown, D Elliott, JB AF Mattoon, C. M. Brown, D. Elliott, J. B. BE Neudecker, D Leeb, H TI Covariance Applications with Kiwi SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances CY SEP 14-16, 2011 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst AB The Computational Nuclear Physics group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is developing a new tool, named 'Kiwi', that is intended as an interface between the covariance data increasingly available in major nuclear reaction libraries (including ENDF and ENDL) and large-scale Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) studies. Kiwi is designed to integrate smoothly into large UQ studies, using the covariance matrix to generate multiple variations of nuclear data. The code has been tested using critical assemblies as a test case, and is being integrated into LLNL's quality assurance and benchmarking for nuclear data. C1 [Mattoon, C. M.; Elliott, J. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Brown, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mattoon, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mattoon1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory [DE-AC52- 07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52- 07NA27344. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 27 AR 00002 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700002 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCB38 UT WOS:000309599200002 ER PT S AU Otuka, N Capote, R Kopecky, S Plompen, AJM Pronyaev, VG Schillebeeckx, P Smith, DL AF Otuka, N. Capote, R. Kopecky, S. Plompen, A. J. M. Pronyaev, V. G. Schillebeeckx, P. Smith, D. L. BE Neudecker, D Leeb, H TI Experimental Uncertainty and Covariance Information in EXFOR Library SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances CY SEP 14-16, 2011 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst ID CROSS-SECTIONS AB Compilation of experimental uncertainty and covariance information in the EXFOR Library is discussed. Following the presentation of a brief history of information provided in the EXFOR Library, the current EXFOR Formats and their limitations are reviewed. Proposed extensions for neutron-induced reaction cross sections in the fast neutron region and resonance region are also presented. C1 [Otuka, N.; Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Kopecky, S.; Plompen, A. J. M.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC JRC, Inst Reference Mat & Measurement, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Russia. [Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. RP Otuka, N (reprint author), IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 27 AR 00007 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700007 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCB38 UT WOS:000309599200007 ER PT S AU Talou, P Rising, M Kawano, T Prinja, A AF Talou, Patrick Rising, Mike Kawano, Toshihiko Prinja, Anil BE Neudecker, D Leeb, H TI Systematic Quantification of Uncertainties for Evaluated Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra and Multiplicities SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances CY SEP 14-16, 2011 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst ID U-235 AB Uncertainties associated with evaluated average prompt fission neutron spectra and multiplicities are obtained for a suite of actinides in the Los Alamos model formalism. Systematics for the model input parameters are taken from the literature and used as prior values in a Bayesian updating procedure. Posterior systematics as well as associated posterior uncertainties are inferred. In addition, cross-isotope correlations are evaluated for the first time. The quantification of uncertainties associated with advanced Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach calculations of prompt fission neutron spectra is also discussed. C1 [Talou, Patrick; Rising, Mike; Kawano, Toshihiko] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Rising, Mike; Prinja, Anil] Univ New Mexico, Dept Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Talou, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM talou@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 27 AR 00001 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700001 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCB38 UT WOS:000309599200001 ER PT S AU Wittman, RS Buck, EC AF Wittman, Richard S. Buck, Edgar C. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Sensitivity of UO2 Stability in a Reducing Environment on Radiolysis Model Parameters SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID FUEL; WATER AB Results for a radiolysis model sensitivity study of radiolytically produced H2O2 are presented as they relate to Spent (or Used) Light Water Reactor uranium oxide (UO2) nuclear fuel (UNF) oxidation in a low oxygen environment. The model builds on previous reaction kinetic studies to represent the radiolytic processes occurring at the nuclear fuel surface. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the dominant oxidant for spent nuclear fuel in an O-2-depleted water environment. The most sensitive parameters have been identified with respect to predictions under typical conditions. As compared with the full model with about 100 reactions, it was found that only 30 to 40 of the reactions are required to determine [H2O2] to one part in 10(-5) and to preserve most of the predictions for major species. This allows a systematic approach for model simplification and offers guidance in designing experiments for validation. C1 [Wittman, Richard S.; Buck, Edgar C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wittman, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1449 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000001 ER PT S AU Insepov, Z Rest, J Yacout, AM Ye, B Yun, D Kuksin, AY Norman, GE Stegailov, VV Yanilkin, AV AF Insepov, Zeke Rest, Jeffrey Yacout, Abdellatif M. Ye, Bei Yun, Di Kuksin, Alexey Y. Norman, Genri E. Stegailov, Vladimir V. Yanilkin, Alexey V. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Atomistic and Kinetic Simulations of Radiation Damage in Molybdenum SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID SELF-INTERSTITIAL ATOM; DISLOCATION LOOPS; CLUSTERS; DIFFUSION; MIGRATION; MOBILITY; METALS; IRON AB A new Mo potential, developed recently by using an ab initio quantum mechanics theory, was used to study formation and time evolution of radiation defects, such as self-interstitial atoms (SIAs), vacancies, and small clusters of SIAs, using molecular dynamics (MD). MD models were developed for calculation of the diffusion coefficients of vacancies, self-interstitials, and small dislocation loops containing 2 to 37 SIAs; and the rate constants were calculated. Interactions of small SIA loops with SIAs were simulated. The results show that rotation of SIA from one < 111 > to another equivalent direction is an important mechanism that significantly contributes to kinetic coefficients. C1 [Insepov, Zeke; Rest, Jeffrey; Yacout, Abdellatif M.; Ye, Bei; Yun, Di] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Insepov, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Norman, Genri/E-1418-2013; Yun, Di/K-6441-2013; Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013; Kuksin, Alexey/F-3203-2014; Stegailov, Vladimir/C-4756-2013 OI Yun, Di/0000-0002-9767-3214; Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293; Stegailov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5349-3991 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1478 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000003 ER PT S AU Bozzolo, G Yacout, AM Hofman, GL Mosca, HO AF Bozzolo, Guillermo Yacout, Abdellatif M. Hofman, Gerard L. Mosca, H. O. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Modeling of In, Tl, Ga, Sb, and Pd as lanthanides binding agents in U-Zr metallic nuclear fuels SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID MIGRATION AB Atomistic modeling is used to study the role of different alloying additions to metallic U-Zr nuclear fuels in terms of their ability to reduce lanthanide migration to the outer surface of the fuel and thus reduce their interaction with cladding. The Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) method for alloys is used to examine the behavior of each addition, the resulting phase structure, and the evolution of the fuel surface. Different behaviors are observed for each of the additives (In, Tl, Ga, Sb, Pd), all a result of the competition between the formation of bulk precipitates and the tendency of each additive to segregate to the surface. For each case, characteristic temperatures are determined indicating the range of temperatures in which each additive performs a different role. Sb and Pd additives are determined to be the most effective additions, properly balancing their ability to bind lanthanides in the fuel with their own segregating tendencies. C1 [Bozzolo, Guillermo; Yacout, Abdellatif M.; Hofman, Gerard L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bozzolo, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.915 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000005 ER PT S AU Ye, B Yun, D Insepov, Z Rest, J AF Ye, Bei Yun, Di Insepov, Zeke Rest, Jeffrey BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Multi-Scale Modeling of Interstitial Dislocation Loop Growth in Irradiated Materials SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS AB In order to reduce the inherent uncertainty in kinetic theory models and promote their transition to become predictive methodologies, a multi-scale modeling approach is proposed and demonstrated in this work. KiValues of key materials properties such as point defect (vacancy and interstitial) migration enthalpies, as well as kinetic factors, such as dimer formation and defect recombination coefficients and self-interstitial atom - interstitial loop reaction rates, were obtained by ab initio/molecular dynamics calculations. A rate theory model was used to interpret the evolution of dislocation loops in irradiated molybdenum. Calculations of the dose dependence of average loop diameter were performed and compared to experimental measurements obtained from irradiations with high-energy electrons. The comparison demonstrates reasonable agreement between model-predicted and experiment-measured data. C1 [Ye, Bei; Yun, Di; Insepov, Zeke; Rest, Jeffrey] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ye, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Yun, Di/K-6441-2013; Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013 OI Yun, Di/0000-0002-9767-3214; Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1059 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000006 ER PT S AU Valone, SM AF Valone, Steven M. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Models of Mixed Metal-Oxide Interfaces for Atomistic Materials Simulations SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID ELECTRONEGATIVITY; HARDNESS; POTENTIALS; PLUTONIUM; ENERGY; CHARGE AB Nuclear fuels and materials present special problems to atomistic-scale modeling. At a metal-metal-oxide interface, the metal centers are charged on the oxide side, but neutral on the metallic side. The intimate contact necessitates that atomistic models for these materials be both compatible and consistent with one another at some level. A new "fragment'' Hamiltonian (FH) model, at the atomistic level, is presented that reduces qualitatively to existing, successful models for metals, such as the embedded atom method, and ceramics, such as the charge equilibration models. Moreover, the FH model possesses both electron hopping and fundamental gaps that appear as separate terms in a generalized embedding function. The electron hopping contributions come from both one-electron and two-electron sources. These contributions appear as a result of the FH point of view, rather than being postulated. The model obeys certain well-known theoretical limits that come from the nonlinearity of electron hopping processes as the volume of a crystal is changed. The generalized notion of embedding entails two variables instead of one. The ability to account for multiple charge states in the cations leads to the capability within the model to distinguish the qualitative differences among metallic, ionic, and covalent bonding environments. The details of all of these energies, among with fragment-fragment interactions, combine to determine the state of the atom in the material. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1160 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000009 ER PT S AU Landa, A Soderlind, P Grabowski, B Turchi, PEA Ruban, AV Vitos, L AF Landa, Alexander Soederlind, Per Grabowski, Blazej Turchi, Patrice E. A. Ruban, Andrei V. Vitos, Levente BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Ab Initio Study of Advanced Metallic Nuclear Fuels for Fast Breeder Reactors SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ACTINIDE ALLOYS; ZR SYSTEM; PHASE; URANIUM; STABILITY AB Density-functional formalism is applied to study the ground state properties of gamma-U-Zr and gamma-U-Mo solid solutions. Calculated heats of formation are compared with CALPHAD assessments. We discuss how the heat of formation in both alloys correlates with the charge transfer between the alloy components. The decomposition curves for gamma-based U-Zr and U-Mo solid solutions are derived from Ising-type Monte Carlo simulations. We explore the idea of stabilization of the delta-UZr2 compound against the alpha-Zr (hcp) structure due to increase of Zr d-band occupancy by the addition of U to Zr. We discuss how the specific behavior of the electronic density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level promotes the stabilization of the U2Mo compound. The mechanism of possible Am redistribution in the U-Zr and U-Mo fuels is also discussed. C1 [Landa, Alexander; Soederlind, Per; Grabowski, Blazej; Turchi, Patrice E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Landa, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, L-045,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Grabowski, Blazej/D-8430-2012; Ruban, Andrei/B-7457-2012 OI Grabowski, Blazej/0000-0003-4281-5665; NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.985 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000010 ER PT S AU Nelson, AJ Holliday, KS Stanford, JA Grant, WK Erler, RG Allen, P McLean, W Roussel, P AF Nelson, A. J. Holliday, K. S. Stanford, J. A. Grant, W. K. Erler, R. G. Allen, P. McLean, W. Roussel, P. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Adsorption of Atmospheric Gases on Pu Surfaces SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID PHOTOEMISSION; OXIDATION AB Surface adsorption represents a competition between collision and scattering processes that depend on surface energy, surface structure and temperature. The surface reactivity of the actinides can add additional complexity due to radiological dissociation of the gas and electronic structure. Here we elucidate the chemical bonding of gas molecules adsorbed on Pu metal and oxide surfaces. Atmospheric gas reactions were studied at 190 and 300 K using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Evolution of the Pu 4f and O 1s core-level states were studied as a function of gas dose rates to generate a set of Langmuir isotherms. Results show that the initial gas dose forms Pu2O3 on the Pu metal surface followed by the formation of PuO2 resulting in a layered oxide structure. This work represents the first steps in determining the activation energy for adsorption of various atmospheric gases on Pu. C1 [Nelson, A. J.; Holliday, K. S.; Stanford, J. A.; Grant, W. K.; Erler, R. G.; Allen, P.; McLean, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.948 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000011 ER PT S AU Mulford, RN Richardson, PD Hickey, J Chavarria, R AF Mulford, Roberta N. Richardson, Paul D. Hickey, Joseph Chavarria, Rene BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Longevity of Plutonium 238 Heat Sources SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID DIFFUSION; URANIUM; HELIUM; OXIDES AB Plutonium oxide heat sources are used to power space missions. The heat produced by alpha decay of the 238 isotope of Pu is converted to electricity in a thermopile, providing electricity during a substantial fraction of the 88 year half-life of the isotope. Decay of the Pu produces helium and uranium, and a fraction of the evolved helium is captured in the oxide matrix. All of the helium produced in decay can in principle be contained in the oxide lattice, where it occupies the tetrahedral sites. Some helium diffuses out at a rate that is somewhat dependent on the form and morphology of the fuel. Rates have previously been measured for oxide aged about 1 year. Current measurements on sealed heat sources as old as 34 years indicate that the rate of diffusion has changed only slightly over time. Possible mechanisms for helium release include bubble diffusion, point defect migration, agglomeration and movement of He at grain boundaries, and volume diffusion through the lattice sites. We observe primarily diffusion from site to site within the lattice, with an activation energy of 18.7 kcal/mole, independent of point defect movement, despite the rising concentration of helium in the lattice over time and the accumulation of radiation damage within the lattice. Because of the slow diffusion of helium from the fuel to the headspace, heat sources are anticipated to be stable over a long lifetime. C1 [Mulford, Roberta N.; Richardson, Paul D.; Hickey, Joseph; Chavarria, Rene] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mulford, RN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1060 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000015 ER PT S AU Beaux, MF Joyce, JJ Durakiewicz, T Graham, KS Bauer, ED Mitchell, JN Tobash, PH Richmond, S AF Beaux, Miles F., II Joyce, John J. Durakiewicz, Tomasz Graham, Kevin S. Bauer, Eric D. Mitchell, Jeremy N. Tobash, Paul H. Richmond, Scott BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Electronic Structure, Localization and 5f Occupancy in Pu Materials SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTRA; STATES AB The electronic structure of delta plutonium (delta-Pu) and plutonium compounds is investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Results for delta-Pu show a small component of the valence electronic structure which might reasonably be associated with a 5f(6) configuration. PES results for PuTe are used as an indication for the 5f(6) configuration due to the presence of atomic multiplet structure. Temperature dependent PES data on delta-Pu indicate a narrow peak centered 20 meV below the Fermi energy and 100 meV wide. The first PES data for PuCoIn5 indicate a 5f electronic structure more localized than the 5fs in the closely related PuCoGa5. There is support from the PES data for a description of Pu materials with an electronic configuration of 5f(5) with some admixture of 5f(6) as well as a localized/delocalized 5f(5) description. C1 [Beaux, Miles F., II; Joyce, John J.; Durakiewicz, Tomasz; Graham, Kevin S.; Bauer, Eric D.; Mitchell, Jeremy N.; Tobash, Paul H.; Richmond, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beaux, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010; OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; Beaux, Miles/0000-0003-2192-626X; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1161 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000017 ER PT S AU Manley, ME Jeffries, JR Said, AH Marianetti, CA Cynn, H Leu, BM Wall, M AF Manley, M. E. Jeffries, J. R. Said, A. H. Marianetti, C. A. Cynn, H. Leu, B. M. Wall, M. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Measurement of the Phonon Density of States of PuO2(+2%Ga) SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GAMMA-CERIUM; PUO2 AB Inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the phonon density of states (DOS) of PuO2(+2%Ga) were made and compared to recent predictions from the literature made using three leading theoretical approaches; Density Functional Theory (DFT), DFT plus the Hubbard U (DFT+U), and Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT). The DFT prediction, which does not account for strong electronic correlations, underestimates the measured energies of most features. The DFT+U and DMFT predictions, which include approximations to strong correlation effects, more accurately reflect the low energy features but exaggerate splitting in the highest energy optic oxygen modes. The exaggeration of the splitting is worse for DFT+U than for DMFT. The transverse acoustic mode shows the least sensitivity to calculation type, and is well reproduced by all three theories. The longitudinal acoustic mode, which is thought to control the thermal conductivity, is more sensitive to calculation type, suggesting an important role for electronic correlations in making application-critical predictions. C1 [Manley, M. E.; Jeffries, J. R.; Cynn, H.; Wall, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1061 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000019 ER PT S AU Mitchell, JN Freibert, FJ Schwartz, DS AF Mitchell, Jeremy N. Freibert, Franz J. Schwartz, Daniel S. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Phase Transitions in Pure Plutonium SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS AB The five solid-solid phase transformations of pure Pu are typically represented in idealized thermal expansion plots as having sharp onsets and finishes with linear expansion behavior between the transitions. These behaviors are in reality less common, and the various transitions may have bursting behavior, curved onsets and finishes, and non-linear thermal expansion. In this presentation we will review the transformation behavior of diverse set of pure Pu types. These types include zone-refined pure Pu, electro-refined pure Pu, pure Pu doped with 1000 appm Ga, and alpha-phase Pu within an as-cast 1.9 atomic. %Ga alloy. C1 [Mitchell, Jeremy N.; Freibert, Franz J.; Schwartz, Daniel S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitchell, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010; OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; Freibert, Franz/0000-0003-4434-3446 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1002 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000021 ER PT S AU Das, T Zhu, JX Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ Graf, MJ AF Das, Tanmoy Zhu, Jian-Xin Durakiewicz, Tomasz Joyce, John J. Graf, Matthias J. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Materials specific electronic correlation effects and spectral weight 'hot spots' in intermetallic actinides SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID FERMI-SURFACE PROPERTIES; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; URANIUM AB Many metallic actinide systems host partially filled 5f electrons in the low-energy spectrum. Consequently, they exhibit diverse quantum mechanical phenomena such as magnetism, superconductivity, a mysterious hidden-order phase, or heavy-fermion behavior. Here we present results of a unified theoretical method based on the self-consistent GW formalism for the electronic many-body self-energy. We calculate the dynamic electronic correlation spectra starting from materials specific first-principles electronic band-structure. In particular, we present results for four isostructural intermetallic actinides PuCoIn5, PuCoGa5, PuRhGa5, and UCoGa5. A common underlying property of these materials is a strong spin-orbit coupling split band structure that enables substantial spin fluctuations. In a feedback effect on the electronic structure they create electronic 'hot spots', where the single-particle spectral weight is maximum, resulting in a universal peak-dip-hump feature. These results are in good agreement with experiments, suggesting that actinides are adequately described by the intermediate Coulomb interaction regime, where both itinerant (peak) and localized (hump) features coexist. C1 [Das, Tanmoy; Zhu, Jian-Xin; Durakiewicz, Tomasz; Joyce, John J.; Graf, Matthias J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Das, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.986 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000023 ER PT S AU Schwartz, DS Richmond, S Smith, AI Costello, A Taylor, CD AF Schwartz, Daniel S. Richmond, Scott Smith, Alice I. Costello, Alison Taylor, Christopher D. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Hydrogen-Vacancy Effects in Pu-2 at. % Ga Alloys SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS AB Plutonium and Pu-Ga alloys have been observed to have anomalous hydrogen solubility behavior, including a significant concentration dependence of hydrogen diffusivity in the dilute regime, a sharp drop off in the hydrogen solubility constant in the dilute regime, and a near complete absence of change in the Sieverts' constant as the alloys are heated across phase transformation boundaries. We are investigating the possibility that a vacancy mechanism is responsible for this behavior. X-ray diffraction measurements show a 0.14% lattice contraction in Pu-2 at. % Ga alloys when they are charged with similar to 2 at. % hydrogen. The lattice re-expands when the hydrogen is removed. Density functional calculations show that increasing the number of hydrogen atoms associated with a vacant lattice site in Pu lowers the energy of the hydrogen-vacancy complex. These observations support the idea that vacancies are stabilized by hydrogen in the Pu lattice well beyond their thermal equilibrium concentration and could be responsible for the anomalous hydrogen response of Pu. C1 [Schwartz, Daniel S.; Richmond, Scott; Smith, Alice I.; Costello, Alison; Taylor, Christopher D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwartz, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1125 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000025 ER PT S AU Lucchini, JF Ballard, S Khaing, H AF Lucchini, Jean-Francois Ballard, Sally Khaing, Hnin BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Influence of Carbonate on Uranium Solubility in the WIPP SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS AB In the performance assessment (PA) for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), the solubility of uranium (VI) was conservatively set at 10(-3) M for all expected WIPP conditions, including the potential and likely effects of carbonate complexation [1]. Under WIPP-relevant conditions, long-term experiments were performed to establish the uranium (VI) solubility limits in WIPP-simulated brine over a broad range of pC(H+) values [7.5-12.5] and to evaluate the contribution of carbonate complexation and hydrolysis to uranium (VI) speciation. Data obtained in carbonate-free ERDA-6 brine, a simulated WIPP brine, were reported earlier [2]. In the absence of carbonate, uranium solubility approached 10(-7) M at the expected pC(H+) in the WIPP (similar to 9.5). In the presence of a significant amount of carbonate (millimole levels), recent experimental results showed that uranium (VI) concentrations will not exceed 10(-4)M. This measured solubility limit is an order of magnitude lower than the uranium solubility value currently used in the WIPP PA [3]. A small effect of borate complexation was found in the pC(H+) range [7.5-10]. At pC(H+) >= 10, hydrolysis overwhelmed carbonate effects, and no amphoteric effect was observed. C1 [Lucchini, Jean-Francois] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Lucchini, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, 115 N Main, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1005 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000029 ER PT S AU Tobin, JG Yu, SW Chung, BW Waddill, GD AF Tobin, J. G. Yu, S. -W. Chung, B. W. Waddill, G. D. BE Anderson, D Booth, CH Burns, PC Caciuffo, R Devanathan, R Durakiewicz, T Stan, M Tikare, V Yu, SW TI Pre-eminence of the Indirect Channel in the Resonant Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Cerium Oxide SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2012 CL Sacramento, CA SP MRS ID PHOTOEMISSION AB A strong resonance in the inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES) of cerium oxide was reported recently. Here, it is shown that dominance of the indirect channel of the resonant inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (RIPES) is so complete that the photon energy dependence can be explained in terms of emission associated with a single photon energy. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Tobin1@LLNL.Gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-421-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1444 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.785 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BCK09 UT WOS:000310366000038 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Wilson, KR AF Cappa, C. D. Wilson, K. R. TI Multi-generation gas-phase oxidation, equilibrium partitioning, and the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; RADICAL-INITIATED OXIDATION; VAPOR-PRESSURES; SOA FORMATION; MEXICO-CITY; HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; EVAPORATION RATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPLICIT MODEL AB A new model of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is developed that explicitly takes into account multi-generational oxidation as well as fragmentation of gas-phase compounds, and assumes equilibrium gas-particle partitioning. The model framework requires specification of a limited number of tunable parameters to describe the kinetic evolution of SOA mass, the average oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio and the mean particle volatility as oxidation proceeds. These parameters describe (1) the relationship between oxygen content and volatility, (2) the probability of fragmentation and (3) the amount of oxygen added per reaction. The time-evolution and absolute value of the simulated SOA mass depends sensitively on all tunable parameters. Of the tunable parameters, the mean O: C is most sensitive to the oxygen/volatility relationship, exhibiting only a weak dependence on the other relationships. The model mean particle O: C produced from a given compound is primarily controlled by the number of carbon atoms comprising the SOA precursor, with some sensitivity to the specified oxygen/volatility relationship. The model is tested against laboratory measurements of time-dependent SOA formation from the photooxidation of alpha-pinene and n-pentadecane and performs well (after tuning). The model can also accurately simulate the carbon-number dependence of aerosol yields previously observed for oxidation of straight-chain alkanes. This model may provide a generalized framework for the interpretation of laboratory SOA formation experiments in which explicit consideration of multiple-generations of products is required, which is true for all photo-oxidation experiments. C1 [Cappa, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wilson, K. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-1151062]; Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank Jesse Kroll (MIT), Kelly Daumit (MIT) and John Seinfeld (Caltech) for useful discussions, Sally Ng (Georgia Tech) for the alpha-pinene + OH photooxidation data and the ACPD reviewers and commentators for their suggestions. CDC was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (ATM-1151062) and KRW by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 83 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9505 EP 9528 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9505-2012 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400007 ER PT J AU Gu, Y Liou, KN Lee, WL Leung, LR AF Gu, Y. Liou, K. N. Lee, W. -L. Leung, L. R. TI Simulating 3-D radiative transfer effects over the Sierra Nevada Mountains using WRF SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE; CLOUDS; SYSTEM; SCALE; RANGE AB A surface solar radiation parameterization based on deviations between 3-D and conventional plane-parallel radiative transfer models has been incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to understand the solar insolation over mountain/snow areas and to investigate the impact of the spatial and temporal distribution and variation of surface solar fluxes on land-surface processes. Using the Sierra-Nevada in the western United States as a testbed, we show that mountain effect could produce up to -50 to +50 W m(-2) deviations in the surface solar fluxes over the mountain areas, resulting in a temperature increase of up to 1 degrees C on the sunny side. Upward surface sensible and latent heat fluxes are modulated accordingly to compensate for the change in surface solar fluxes. Snow water equivalent and surface albedo both show decreases on the sunny side of the mountains, indicating more snowmelt and hence reduced snow albedo associated with more solar insolation due to mountain effect. Soil moisture increases on the sunny side of the mountains due to enhanced snowmelt, while decreases on the shaded side. Substantial differences are found in the morning hours from 8-10 a. m. and in the afternoon around 3-5 p. m., while differences around noon and in the early morning and late afternoon are comparatively smaller. Variation in the surface energy balance can also affect atmospheric processes, such as cloud fields, through the modulation of vertical thermal structure. Negative changes of up to -40 g m(-2) are found in the cloud water path, associated with reductions in the surface insolation over the cloud region. The day-averaged deviations in the surface solar flux are positive over the mountain areas and negative in the valleys, with a range between -12 similar to 12 W m(-2). Changes in sensible and latent heat fluxes and surface skin temperature follow the solar insolation pattern. Differences in the domain-averaged diurnal variation over the Sierras show that the mountain area receives more solar insolation during early morning and late afternoon, resulting in enhanced upward sensible heat and latent heat fluxes from the surface and a corresponding increase in surface skin temperature. During the middle of the day, however, the surface insolation and heat fluxes show negative changes, indicating a cooling effect. Hence overall, the diurnal variations of surface temperature and surface fluxes in the Sierra-Nevada are reduced through the interactions of radiative transfer and mountains. The hourly differences of the surface solar insolation in higher elevated regions, however, show smaller magnitude in negative changes during the middle of the day and possibly more solar fluxes received during the whole day. C1 [Gu, Y.; Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lee, W. -L.] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM gu@atmos.ucla.edu FU DOE Earth System Modeling program [DESC0006742]; US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX This research has been supported by DOE Earth System Modeling program Grant DESC0006742. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 20 BP 9965 EP 9976 DI 10.5194/acp-12-9965-2012 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 029BS UT WOS:000310470400033 ER PT J AU Piao, SL Ito, A Li, SG Huang, Y Ciais, P Wang, XH Peng, SS Nan, HJ Zhao, C Ahlstrom, A Andres, RJ Chevallier, F Fang, JY Hartmann, J Huntingford, C Jeong, S Levis, S Levy, PE Li, JS Lomas, MR Mao, JF Mayorga, E Mohammat, A Muraoka, H Peng, CH Peylin, P Poulter, B Shen, ZH Shi, X Sitch, S Tao, S Tian, HQ Wu, XP Xu, M Yu, GR Viovy, N Zaehle, S Zeng, N Zhu, B AF Piao, S. L. Ito, A. Li, S. G. Huang, Y. Ciais, P. Wang, X. H. Peng, S. S. Nan, H. J. Zhao, C. Ahlstrom, A. Andres, R. J. Chevallier, F. Fang, J. Y. Hartmann, J. Huntingford, C. Jeong, S. Levis, S. Levy, P. E. Li, J. S. Lomas, M. R. Mao, J. F. Mayorga, E. Mohammat, A. Muraoka, H. Peng, C. H. Peylin, P. Poulter, B. Shen, Z. H. Shi, X. Sitch, S. Tao, S. Tian, H. Q. Wu, X. P. Xu, M. Yu, G. R. Viovy, N. Zaehle, S. Zeng, N. Zhu, B. TI The carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia over the last two decades SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRANSPORT MODELS; LAND-USE; CHINA; SINK AB This REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes regional study provides a synthesis of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia, a region comprised of China, Japan, North and South Korea, and Mongolia. We estimate the current terrestrial carbon balance of East Asia and its driving mechanisms during 1990-2009 using three different approaches: inventories combined with satellite greenness measurements, terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle models and atmospheric inversion models. The magnitudes of East Asia's terrestrial carbon sink from these three approaches are comparable: -0.293 +/- 0.033 PgC yr(-1) from inventory-remote sensing model-data fusion approach, -0.413 +/- 0.141 PgC yr(-1)(not considering biofuel emissions) or -0.224 +/- 0.141 PgC yr(-1) (considering biofuel emissions) for carbon cycle models, and -0.270 +/- 0.507 PgC yr(-1) for atmospheric inverse models. Here and in the following, the numbers behind +/- signs are standard deviations. The ensemble of ecosystem modeling based analyses further suggests that at the regional scale, climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 together resulted in a carbon sink of -0.289 +/- 0.135 PgC yr(-1), while land-use change and nitrogen deposition had a contribution of -0.013 +/- 0.029 PgC yr(-1) and -0.107 +/- 0.025 PgC yr(-1), respectively. Although the magnitude of climate change effects on the carbon balance varies among different models, all models agree that in response to climate change alone, southern China experienced an increase in carbon storage from 1990 to 2009, while northern East Asia including Mongolia and north China showed a decrease in carbon storage. Overall, our results suggest that about 13-27% of East Asia's CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning have been offset by carbon accumulation in its terrestrial territory over the period from 1990 to 2009. The underlying mechanisms of carbon sink over East Asia still remain largely uncertain, given the diversity and intensity of land management processes, and the regional conjunction of many drivers such as nutrient deposition, climate, atmospheric pollution and CO2 changes, which cannot be considered as independent for their effects on carbon storage. C1 [Piao, S. L.; Wang, X. H.; Peng, S. S.; Nan, H. J.; Zhao, C.; Fang, J. Y.; Shen, Z. H.; Tao, S.] Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Piao, S. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Ito, A.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Li, S. G.; Xu, M.; Yu, G. R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Huang, Y.; Fang, J. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Ciais, P.; Chevallier, F.; Peylin, P.; Poulter, B.; Viovy, N.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ahlstrom, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Andres, R. J.; Mao, J. F.; Shi, X.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hartmann, J.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Biogeochem & Marine Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Huntingford, C.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Jeong, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Levis, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Levy, P. E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Li, J. S.; Wu, X. P.] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Lomas, M. R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Mayorga, E.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Mohammat, A.] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Muraoka, H.] Gifu Univ, River Basin Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan. [Peng, C. H.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Lab Ecol Forecasting & Global Change, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Peng, C. H.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Sitch, S.] Univ Exeter, Sch Geog, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Tian, H. Q.] Auburn Univ, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol Lab, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhu, B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Piao, SL (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM slpiao@pku.edu.cn RI Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; Ahlstrom, Anders/F-3215-2017; Li, Sheng-Gong/H-5101-2012; Huntingford, Chris/A-4307-2008; Levy, Peter/K-6523-2012; Zhu, Biao/F-8712-2010; Hartmann, Jens/A-6306-2008; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Zhu, Te/G-7453-2013; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; 于, 贵瑞/C-1768-2014; Jeong, Su-Jong/J-4110-2014; Huang, Yao/O-6832-2014; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014 OI ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Ahlstrom, Anders/0000-0003-1642-0037; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623; Huntingford, Chris/0000-0002-5941-7770; Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Levy, Peter/0000-0002-8505-1901; Zhu, Biao/0000-0001-9858-7943; Hartmann, Jens/0000-0003-1878-9321; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561; Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125004, 30970511]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950601, 2010CB833501]; Foundation for Sino-EU research cooperation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China [1003]; CARBONES EU FP7 foundation [242316]; Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection [201209031] FX This study is part of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP), Global Carbon Project. We thank atmospheric inversion modelers for providing atmospheric CO2 inversion results. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41125004 and 30970511), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB950601 and Grant No. 2010CB833501), Foundation for Sino-EU research cooperation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (1003), CARBONES EU FP7 foundation (242316) and Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection Grant (201209031). NR 118 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 95 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 9 BP 3571 EP 3586 DI 10.5194/bg-9-3571-2012 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 029CO UT WOS:000310472600005 ER PT J AU Mishra, U Riley, WJ AF Mishra, U. Riley, W. J. TI Alaskan soil carbon stocks: spatial variability and dependence on environmental factors SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; PERMAFROST CARBON; REGIONAL-SCALE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STORAGE; POOLS; WORLD; PREDICTION; REGRESSION; RELEASE AB The direction and magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes in response to climate change depend on the spatial and vertical distributions of SOC. We estimated spatially resolved SOC stocks from surface to C horizon, distinguishing active-layer and permafrost-layer stocks, based on geospatial analysis of 472 soil profiles and spatially referenced environmental variables for Alaska. Total Alaska state-wide SOC stock was estimated to be 77 Pg, with 61% in the active-layer, 27% in permafrost, and 12% in non-permafrost soils. Prediction accuracy was highest for the active-layer as demonstrated by highest ratio of performance to deviation (1.5). Large spatial variability was predicted, with whole-profile, active-layer, and permafrost-layer stocks ranging from 1-296 kg C m(-2), 2-166 kg m(-2), and 0-232 kg m(-2), respectively. Temperature and soil wetness were found to be primary controllers of whole-profile, active-layer, and permafrost-layer SOC stocks. Secondary controllers, in order of importance, were found to be land cover type, topographic attributes, and bedrock geology. The observed importance of soil wetness rather than precipitation on SOC stocks implies that the poor representation of high-latitude soil wetness in Earth system models may lead to large uncertainty in predicted SOC stocks under future climate change scenarios. Under strict caveats described in the text and assuming temperature changes from the A1B Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emissions scenario, our geospatial model indicates that the equilibrium average 2100 Alaska active-layer depth could deepen by 11 cm, resulting in a thawing of 13 Pg C currently in permafrost. The equilibrium SOC loss associated with this warming would be highest under continuous permafrost (31%), followed by discontinuous (28%), isolated (24.3%), and sporadic (23.6%) permafrost areas. Our high-resolution mapping of soil carbon stock reveals the potential vulnerability of high-latitude soil carbon and can be used as a basis for future studies of anthropogenic and climatic perturbations. C1 [Mishra, U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mishra, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM umishra@anl.gov RI Mishra, Umakant/H-8128-2013; Riley, William/D-3345-2015 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This study was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Berkeley Lab. Thanks to G. Michaelson and M. T. Jorgenson for providing access to some of the SOC profile data and layer of permafrost cover, respectively. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 9 BP 3637 EP 3645 DI 10.5194/bg-9-3637-2012 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 029CO UT WOS:000310472600010 ER PT J AU Luo, YQ Randerson, JT Abramowitz, G Bacour, C Blyth, E Carvalhais, N Ciais, P Dalmonech, D Fisher, JB Fisher, R Friedlingstein, P Hibbard, K Hoffman, F Huntzinger, D Jones, CD Koven, C Lawrence, D Li, DJ Mahecha, M Niu, SL Norby, R Piao, SL Qi, X Peylin, P Prentice, IC Riley, W Reichstein, M Schwalm, C Wang, YP Xia, JY Zaehle, S Zhou, XH AF Luo, Y. Q. Randerson, J. T. Abramowitz, G. Bacour, C. Blyth, E. Carvalhais, N. Ciais, P. Dalmonech, D. Fisher, J. B. Fisher, R. Friedlingstein, P. Hibbard, K. Hoffman, F. Huntzinger, D. Jones, C. D. Koven, C. Lawrence, D. Li, D. J. Mahecha, M. Niu, S. L. Norby, R. Piao, S. L. Qi, X. Peylin, P. Prentice, I. C. Riley, W. Reichstein, M. Schwalm, C. Wang, Y. P. Xia, J. Y. Zaehle, S. Zhou, X. H. TI A framework for benchmarking land models SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACK; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; TROPICAL FORESTS AB Land models, which have been developed by the modeling community in the past few decades to predict future states of ecosystems and climate, have to be critically evaluated for their performance skills of simulating ecosystem responses and feedback to climate change. Benchmarking is an emerging procedure to measure performance of models against a set of defined standards. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework for evaluation of land model performances and, meanwhile, highlights major challenges at this infant stage of benchmark analysis. The framework includes (1) targeted aspects of model performance to be evaluated, (2) a set of benchmarks as defined references to test model performance, (3) metrics to measure and compare performance skills among models so as to identify model strengths and deficiencies, and (4) model improvement. Land models are required to simulate exchange of water, energy, carbon and sometimes other trace gases between the atmosphere and land surface, and should be evaluated for their simulations of biophysical processes, biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics in response to climate change across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, one major challenge is to select and define a limited number of benchmarks to effectively evaluate land model performance. The second challenge is to develop metrics of measuring mismatches between models and benchmarks. The metrics may include (1) a priori thresholds of acceptable model performance and (2) a scoring system to combine data-model mismatches for various processes at different temporal and spatial scales. The benchmark analyses should identify clues of weak model performance to guide future development, thus enabling improved predictions of future states of ecosystems and climate. The near-future research effort should be on development of a set of widely acceptable benchmarks that can be used to objectively, effectively, and reliably evaluate fundamental properties of land models to improve their prediction performance skills. C1 [Luo, Y. Q.; Li, D. J.; Niu, S. L.; Qi, X.; Xia, J. Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Randerson, J. T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Abramowitz, G.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Bacour, C.] Joint Unit CEA CNRS, Lab Climate Sci & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Blyth, E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Carvalhais, N.; Dalmonech, D.; Mahecha, M.; Reichstein, M.; Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Carvalhais, N.] Univ Nova Lisboa, DCEA, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Ciais, P.; Peylin, P.] CE Orme Merisiers, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fisher, R.; Lawrence, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Hibbard, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hoffman, F.; Norby, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huntzinger, D.; Schwalm, C.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Jones, C. D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Koven, C.; Riley, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Prentice, I. C.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Wang, Y. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res PMB 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Wang, Y. P.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Zhou, X. H.] Fudan Univ, Res Inst Changing Global Environm, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Luo, YQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yluo@ou.edu RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; Xia, Jianyang/A-7886-2008; Mahecha, Miguel/F-2443-2010; Abramowitz, Gab/C-4977-2013; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; wang, yp/A-9765-2011; Fisher, Rosie/E-7746-2013; Blyth, Eleanor/A-4010-2009; Zhou, Xuhui/H-4332-2011; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Carvalhais, Nuno/0000-0003-0465-1436; Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Mahecha, Miguel/0000-0003-3031-613X; Abramowitz, Gab/0000-0002-4205-001X; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 FU NASA's Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Program; US Dept. of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences [DE SC0008270]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0444518, DEB 0743778, DEB 0840964, DBI 0850290, EPS 0919466]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Community [238366] FX ILAMB is sponsored by the Analysis, Integration and Modeling of the Earth System (AIMES) project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). The ILAMB project has received support from NASA's Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Program and US Dept. of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Preparation of the manuscript by Y. L. was financially supported by US Department of Energy, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences grant DE SC0008270 and US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB 0444518, DEB 0743778, DEB 0840964, DBI 0850290, and EPS 0919466. Contributions from JBF were by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. CDJ was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). S. Z. and D. D. were supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 238366 (Greencycles II). NR 127 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 6 U2 138 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 10 BP 3857 EP 3874 DI 10.5194/bg-9-3857-2012 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 029CG UT WOS:000310471800010 ER PT J AU Angert, A Muhr, J Juarez, RN Munoz, WA Kraemer, G Santillan, JR Chambers, JQ Trumbore, SE AF Angert, A. Muhr, J. Juarez, R. Negron Alegria Munoz, W. Kraemer, G. Ramirez Santillan, J. Chambers, J. Q. Trumbore, S. E. TI The contribution of respiration in tree stems to the Dole Effect SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPES; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC O-2; FRACTIONATION; CARBON; CO2; DIFFUSION; CLIMATE; O-18 AB Understanding the variability and the current value of the Dole Effect, which has been used to infer past changes in biospheric productivity, requires accurate information on the isotopic discrimination associated with respiratory oxygen consumption in each of the biosphere components. Respiration in tree stems is an important component of the land carbon cycle. Here we measured, for the first time, the discrimination associated with tree stem oxygen uptake. The measurements included tropical forest trees, which are major contributors to the global fluxes of carbon and oxygen. We found discrimination in the range of 12.6-21.5 parts per thousand, indicating both diffusion limitation, resulting in O-2 discrimination values below 20 parts per thousand, and alternative oxidase respiration, which resulted in discrimination values greater than 20 parts per thousand. Discrimination varied seasonally, between and within tree species. Calculations based on these results show that variability in woody plants discrimination can result in significant variations in the global Dole Effect. C1 [Angert, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Muhr, J.; Trumbore, S. E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Proc, Jena, Germany. [Juarez, R. Negron] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Alegria Munoz, W.; Kraemer, G.; Ramirez Santillan, J.] Univ Nacl Amazonia Peruana, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Iquitos, Peru. [Chambers, J. Q.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Angert, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM angert@huji.ac.il RI Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013; Chambers, Jeffrey/J-9021-2014; Negron-Juarez, Robinson/I-6289-2016 OI Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847; FU ISF [870/08] FX We thank Eugeni Barkan and Eyal Wurgaft for help with the O2 analysis. A. A. was partly supported by ISF grant #870/08. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2012 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4037 EP 4044 DI 10.5194/bg-9-4037-2012 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 029CG UT WOS:000310471800023 ER PT J AU Lebarbier, VM Dagle, RA Kovarik, L Adarme, JAL King, DL Palo, DR AF Lebarbier, Vanessa M. Dagle, Robert A. Kovarik, Libor Adarme, Jair A. Lizarazo King, David L. Palo, Daniel R. TI Synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether from syngas over Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts SO CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS CONVERSION; SOLID-ACID; DME; DEHYDRATION; PALLADIUM; FUEL AB A Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was developed for the synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas with temperatures of operation ranging from 250 degrees C to 380 degrees C. High temperatures (e. g. 380 degrees C) are of interest when combining methanol and DME synthesis with a methanol to gasoline (MTG) process in a single reactor bed. A commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, utilized industrially for the synthesis of methanol at 220-280 degrees C, suffers from a rapid deactivation when the reaction is conducted at high temperature (> 320 degrees C). On the contrary, a Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was found to be highly stable for methanol and DME synthesis at 375 degrees C. The Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was thus further investigated for methanol and DME synthesis at P = 34-69 bar, T = 250-380 degrees C, GHSV = 5000-18 000 h(-1), and molar feeds H-2/CO = 1, 2, and 3. Selectivity to DME increased with decreasing operating temperature, and increasing operating pressure. Higher space velocity and H-2/CO syngas feed ratios also enhanced DME selectivity. Undesirable CH4 formation was observed, however, it could be lessen through choice of process conditions and by catalyst design. By studying the effect of the Pd loading and the Pd : Zn molar ratio the formulation of the Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was optimized. A catalyst with 5% Pd and a Pd : Zn molar ratio of 0.25:1 has been identified as the preferred catalyst. Results indicate that PdZn particles are more active than Pd degrees particles for the synthesis of methanol and less active for CH4 formation. A correlation between DME selectivity and concentration of acid sites has been established. Hence, two types of sites are required for the direct conversion of syngas to DME: (1) PdZn particles are active for the synthesis of methanol from syngas, and (2) acid sites which are active for the conversion of methanol to DME. Additionally, CO2 formation was problematic as PdZn was found to be active for the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction, under all the conditions evaluated. C1 [Lebarbier, Vanessa M.; Dagle, Robert A.; Kovarik, Libor; King, David L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Adarme, Jair A. Lizarazo; Palo, Daniel R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microprod Breakthrough Inst, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lebarbier, VM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanessa.lebarbier@pnnl.gov; robert.dagle@pnnl.gov RI Kovarik, Libor/L-7139-2016 FU Energy Conversion Initiative; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC); Department of Energy's Office of Biomass Program; DOE; [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work provided by the Energy Conversion Initiative, funded internally by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). This work was also supported by the National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC) which is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Biomass Program with recovery act funds. PNNL funding was provided under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge that a portion of this work was done in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a DOE sponsored user facility located at PNNL in Richland, WA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 79 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-4753 J9 CATAL SCI TECHNOL JI Catal. Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2116 EP 2127 DI 10.1039/c2cy20315d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 004BG UT WOS:000308654500015 ER PT S AU Butcher, J Hamade, M Petryk, M Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Cui, Y Gul, R Hossain, A Kim, KH Yang, G James, RB AF Butcher, J. Hamade, M. Petryk, M. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Gul, R. Hossain, A. Kim, K. H. Yang, G. James, R. B. BE Fountain, AW TI Characterization of CdZnTe crystals and radiation detectors SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE CdZnTe detectors; crystal defects; synchrotron light source AB Data obtained with BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) has helped to elucidate, in detail, the roles of non-uniformity and extended defects on the performance of CZT detectors, as well as the root cause of device polarization during exposure to a high flux of incident X-rays. Measurements of carrier traps will be reported, including their nature and relationships to different growth methods (conventional Bridgman, high-pressure Bridgman, traveling heater, and floating zone methods). Most findings will be correlated with the performance of spectrometer-grade CZT X-ray and gamma detectors, and new directions to resolve the material deficiencies will be offered. C1 [Butcher, J.; Hamade, M.; Petryk, M.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Gul, R.; Hossain, A.; Kim, K. H.; Yang, G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Butcher, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83581M DI 10.1117/12.916951 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700047 ER PT S AU Chien, HT Wang, K Sheen, SH Raptis, ACP AF Chien, Hual-Te Wang, Ke Sheen, Shuh-Haw Raptis, A. C. Paul BE Fountain, AW TI Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) System for Remote Detection of Explosives, Chemicals and Special Nuclear Materials SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Photoacoustic Spectroscopy; PAS; Remote Detection; Explosives; Acoustic Resonator; Radiation Detection ID GASES AB This paper describes a practical photoacoustic spectroscopy technique applied to remote sensing of chemicals in an open environment. A laboratory system that consists of a high-power CO2 laser and an open-field acoustic resonator is described. The acoustic resonator is a combination of a parabolic reflector and a narrow-band cylindrical acoustic resonator that resonates at the laser modulation frequency. The performance of the resonator is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. Significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio has been achieved. Detection of gas-phase photoacoustic signals was demonstrated at a remote distance of several meters from the target. Potential applications to the detection of condensed-phase chemicals are discussed; the detection of the photoacoustic spectrum of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in an open environment is presented. C1 [Chien, Hual-Te; Wang, Ke; Sheen, Shuh-Haw; Raptis, A. C. Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chien, HT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM htchien@anl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83581K DI 10.1117/12.919351 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700045 ER PT S AU Phillips, MC Suter, JD Bernacki, BE Johnson, TJ AF Phillips, Mark C. Suter, Jonathan D. Bernacki, Bruce E. Johnson, Timothy J. BE Fountain, AW TI Challenges of infrared reflective spectroscopy of solid-phase explosives and chemicals on surfaces SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Infrared spectroscopy; quantum cascade laser; tunable laser; explosives detection; complex refractive index ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STANDOFF DETECTION; RDX; HMX AB Reliable active and passive hyperspectral imaging and detection of explosives and solid-phase chemical residue on surfaces remains a challenge and an active area of research. Both methods rely on reference libraries for material identification, but in many cases the reference spectra are either not available or do not sufficiently resemble the instrumental signals of light reflected, scattered, or emitted from real-world objects. We describe a physics-based model using the complex dielectric constant to explain what is often thought of as anomalous behavior of scattered or non-specular signatures encountered in active and passive sensing of explosives or chemicals on surfaces and show modeling and experimental results for RDX. C1 [Phillips, Mark C.; Suter, Jonathan D.; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Johnson, Timothy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Suter, Jonathan/0000-0001-5709-6988 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83580T DI 10.1117/12.919477 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700024 ER PT S AU Satcher, JH Maienschein, JL Pagoria, PF Racoveanu, A Carman, ML Whipple, RE Reynolds, JG AF Satcher, Joe H. Maienschein, Jon L. Pagoria, Philip F. Racoveanu, Ana Carman, M. Leslie Whipple, Richard E. Reynolds, John G. BE Fountain, AW TI Portable Thin Layer Chromatography for Field Detection of Explosives and Propellants SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Explosive detection; propellant detection; Thin Layer Chromatography; field detection AB A field deployable detection kit for explosives and propellants using thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The chemistry of the kit has been modified to allow for field detection of propellants (through propellant stabilizers), military explosives, peroxide explosives, nitrates and inorganic oxidizer precursors. For many of these target analytes, the detection limit is in the mu g to pg range. A new miniaturized, bench prototype, field portable TLC (Micro TLC) kit has also been developed for the detection and identification of common military explosives. It has been demonstrated in a laboratory environment and is ready for field-testing. The kit is comprised of a low cost set of commercially available components specifically assembled for rapid identification needed in the field and identifies the common military explosives: HMX, RDX, Tetryl, Explosive D or picric acid, and TNT all on one plate. Additional modifications of the Micro TLC system have been made with fluorescent organosilicon co-polymer coatings to detect a large suite of explosives. C1 [Satcher, Joe H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Satcher, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83580Z DI 10.1117/12.919258 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700028 ER PT S AU Shao, Q Radev, RP Conway, AM Voss, LF Wang, TF Nikolic, RJ Deo, N Cheung, CL AF Shao, Q. Radev, R. P. Conway, A. M. Voss, L. F. Wang, T. F. Nikolic, R. J. Deo, N. Cheung, C. L. BE Fountain, AW TI Gamma Discrimination in Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE neutron detector; gamma discrimination; pillar; boron; Monte Carlo simulation; COMSOL simulation ID EFFICIENCY AB Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are desired to replace He-3 tube based technology for the detection of special nuclear materials. He-3 tubes have some issues with stability, sensitivity to microphonics and very recently, a shortage of He-3. There are numerous solid-state approaches being investigated that utilize various architectures and material combinations. By using the combination of high-aspect-ratio silicon PIN pillars, which are 2 mu m wide with a 2 mu m separation, arranged in a square matrix, and surrounded by B-10, the neutron converter material, a high efficiency thermal neutron detector is possible. Besides intrinsic neutron detection efficiency, neutron to gamma discrimination is an important figure of merit for unambiguous signal identification. In this work, theoretical calculations and experimental measurements are conducted to determine the effect of structure design of pillar structured thermal neutron detectors including: intrinsic layer thickness, pillar height, substrate doping and incident gamma energy on neutron to gamma discrimination. C1 [Shao, Q.; Radev, R. P.; Conway, A. M.; Voss, L. F.; Wang, T. F.; Nikolic, R. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shao, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nikolic1@llnl.gov RI Shao, Qinghui/A-1756-2013; Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83581N DI 10.1117/12.918513 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700048 ER PT S AU Sweet, LE Buck, EC Henager, CH Hu, SY Meier, DE Peper, SM Schwantes, JM Su, YF Sams, RL Blake, TA Johnson, TJ Kulp, TJ Sommers, RL Sugar, JD Chames, JD AF Sweet, Lucas E. Buck, Edgar C. Henager, Charles H., Jr. Hu, Shenyang Meier, David E. Peper, Shane M. Schwantes, Jon M. Su, Yin-Fong Sams, Robert L. Blake, Thomas A. Johnson, Timothy J. Kulp, Thomas J. Sommers, Ricky L. Sugar, Joshua D. Chames, Jeffrey D. BE Fountain, AW TI Investigations into the Polymorphs and Hydration Products of UO3 SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE UO3; uranium trioxide; polymorphs; Raman spectroscopy ID URANIUM TRIOXIDE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SCHOEPITE; CARBONATE; PEROXIDE; SYSTEM AB This work focuses on progress in gaining a better understanding of the polymorphic nature of the UO3 and UO3-water system; one of several important materials associated with the nuclear fuel cycle. The UO3-water system is complex and has not been fully characterized, even though these species are common throughout the fuel cycle. For example, most production schemes for UO3 result in a mixture of up to six different polymorphic phases, and small differences in these conditions will affect phase genesis that ultimately results in measureable changes to the end product. Here we summarize our efforts to better characterize the UO3-water system with optical techniques for the purpose of developing some predictive capability of estimating process history and utility, e. g. for polymorphic phases of unknown origin. Specifically, we have investigated three industrially relevant production pathways of UO3 and discovered a previously unknown low temperature route to beta-UO3. Powder x-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopies were utilized in our characterization of the UO3-water system. Pure phases of UO3, its hydrolysis products and starting materials were used to establish optical spectroscopic signatures for these compounds. Preliminary aging studies were conducted on the alpha- and gamma-phases of UO3. C1 [Sweet, Lucas E.; Buck, Edgar C.; Henager, Charles H., Jr.; Hu, Shenyang; Meier, David E.; Peper, Shane M.; Schwantes, Jon M.; Su, Yin-Fong; Sams, Robert L.; Blake, Thomas A.; Johnson, Timothy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sweet, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM timothy.johnson@pnnl.gov RI Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013; OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084; Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83581R DI 10.1117/12.919706 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700051 ER PT J AU Han, JT Zhu, JL Li, YT Yu, XH Wang, SM Wu, G Xie, H Vogel, SC Izumi, F Momma, K Kawamura, Y Huang, Y Goodenough, JB Zhao, YS AF Han, Jiantao Zhu, Jinlong Li, Yutao Yu, Xiaohui Wang, Shanmin Wu, Gang Xie, Hui Vogel, Sven C. Izumi, Fujio Momma, Koichi Kawamura, Yukihiko Huang, Yunhui Goodenough, John B. Zhao, Yusheng TI Experimental visualization of lithium conduction pathways in garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ION CONDUCTION; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; EXCHANGE; PHOSPHATES; TRANSITION AB The evolution of the Li-ion displacements in the 3D interstitial pathways of the cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12, cubic Li7La3Zr2O12, was investigated with high-temperature neutron diffraction (HTND) from RT to 600 degrees C; the maximum-entropy method (MEM) was applied to estimate the Li nuclear-density distribution. Temperature-driven Li displacements were observed; the displacements indicate that the conduction pathways in the garnet framework are restricted to diffusion through the tetrahedral sites of the interstitial space. C1 [Han, Jiantao; Zhu, Jinlong; Yu, Xiaohui; Wang, Shanmin; Wu, Gang; Vogel, Sven C.; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Yutao; Xie, Hui; Goodenough, John B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Izumi, Fujio] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Quantum Beam Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Momma, Koichi] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050005, Japan. [Kawamura, Yukihiko] Res Ctr Neutron Sci & Technol, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Huang, Yunhui] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Han, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jthan0509@gmail.com; sven@lanl.gov; yusheng.zhao@unlv.edu RI Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010; han, jiantao/F-8021-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Momma, Koichi/F-1090-2016; OI Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208; han, jiantao/0000-0002-9509-3785; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361; Goodenough, John Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; BATT Program [6805919.TA] FX The authors would like to acknowledge: Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the BATT Program subcontract no. 6805919.TA. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 10 U2 138 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 79 BP 9840 EP 9842 DI 10.1039/c2cc35089k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 002TX UT WOS:000308560000010 PM 22936071 ER PT J AU Ma, GC Binder, A Chi, MF Liu, C Jin, RC Jiang, DE Fan, J Dai, S AF Ma, Guicen Binder, Andrew Chi, Miaofang Liu, Chao Jin, Rongchao Jiang, De-en Fan, Jie Dai, Sheng TI Stabilizing gold clusters by heterostructured transition-metal oxide-mesoporous silica supports for enhanced catalytic activities for CO oxidation SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AU; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCATALYSTS; PRECURSOR; TIO2 AB A strategy for stabilizing ultrasmall gold clusters under thermal treatment has been developed. The essence of this methodology lies in construction of heterostructured transition-metal oxide-mesoporous silica supports. The supported clusters have been demonstrated to be sintering resistant and highly active for catalytic CO oxidation. C1 [Ma, Guicen; Fan, Jie] Zhejiang Univ, Key Lab Appl Chem Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ma, Guicen; Jiang, De-en; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Binder, Andrew; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. [Chi, Miaofang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Chao; Jin, Rongchao] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fan, J (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Key Lab Appl Chem Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM jfan@zju.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov RI Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Fan, Jie/B-3740-2008; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Fan, Jie/0000-0002-8380-6338; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Binder, Andrew/0000-0003-3221-2887 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation of China [20873122] FX This research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy. A portion of this work (GM, JF) was supported by the National Science Foundation of China 20873122. TEM was performed at ShaRE Program at ORNL. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 8 U2 123 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 93 BP 11413 EP 11415 DI 10.1039/c2cc35787a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 027RN UT WOS:000310371000009 PM 23082318 ER PT B AU Doran, R Pennypacker, C Ferlet, R AF Doran, Rosa Pennypacker, Carl Ferlet, Roger BE Jensen, JB Manning, JG Gibbs, MG Daon, D TI The Galileo Teacher Training Program Global Efforts SO CONNECTING PEOPLE TO SCIENCE: A NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 123rd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2011 CL Amer Geophys Union, Baltimore, MD SP Space Telescope Sci Inst, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASAs Explorat Program, Infrared Process & Anal Ctr, NASAs Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, NASAs Chandra XRay Observ, Univ Chicago Press, Natl Radio Astron Observ, Ball Aerospace, Capitol Coll, Sky Skan, Univ Wyoming CAPER Team, Amer Astron Soc, AAS Educ Off, Solar Dynam Observ, Seiler Instrument, Explore Sci, Pratt St Ale House, MWT Assoc Inc, Amer Elements, Charlesbridge, Celestron HO Amer Geophys Union AB The Galileo Teacher Training Program (GTTP) successfully named representatives in nearly 100 nations in 2009, the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009). The challenge had just begun. The steps ahead are how to reach educators that might benefit from our program and how to help build a more fair and science literate society, a society in which good tools and resources for science education are not the privilege of a few. From 2010 on our efforts have been to strengthen the newly formed network and learn how to equally help educators and students around the globe. New partnerships with other strong programs and institutions are being formed, sponsorship schemes being outlined, new tools and resources being publicized, and on-site and video conference training conducted all over the world. Efforts to officially accredit a GTTP curriculum are on the march and a stronger certification process being outlined. New science topics are being integrated in our effort and we now seek to discuss the path ahead with experts in this field and the community of users, opening the network to all corners of our beautiful blue dot. The main aim of this article is to open the discussion regarding the urgent issue of how to reawaken student interest in science, how to solve the gender inequality in science careers, and how to reach the underprivileged students and open to them the same possibilities. Efforts are in strengthening the newly formed network and learning how to equally help educators and students around the globe. C1 [Doran, Rosa] Nucleo Interact Astron, NUCLIO, Largo Topazios 48,3 Fte, P-2785817 Sao Domingos De Rana, Portugal. [Pennypacker, Carl] Hands Universe Div Phys, SSL, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ferlet, Roger] CNRS, UPMC, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Doran, R (reprint author), Nucleo Interact Astron, NUCLIO, Largo Topazios 48,3 Fte, P-2785817 Sao Domingos De Rana, Portugal. EM geral@nuclio.pt FU Global Hands-on Universe Association FX The Galileo Teacher Training Program is now supported by Global Hands-on Universe Association . The innovative resources and tools, the training network methodology were created in resemblance of the process initiated by the European Hands-on Universe (a European Commission funded project). NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-796-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 457 BP 155 EP + PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCC39 UT WOS:000309700200029 ER PT J AU Jana, B Hovey, M Ellern, A Pestovsky, O Sadow, AD Bakac, A AF Jana, Barun Hovey, Megan Ellern, Arkady Pestovsky, Oleg Sadow, Aaron D. Bakac, Andreja TI Unusual structural motif in a zwitterionic Fe(II) complex of a tetradentate phosphine SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR TETRAPHOSPHINE; PLATINUM COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; LIGAND SYSTEM; P-31 NMR; MESO; DIASTEREOMERS; MONONUCLEAR; ACTIVATION; SPIN AB The reaction of meso-DPPEPM (DPPEPM = bis(diphenylphosphino-ethylphenylphosphino)methane) with one equivalent of FeBr2 in tetrahydrofuran generates a zwitterionic compound [FeBr(kappa(2)-DPPEPM)(kappa(3)-DPPEPM-FeBr3)] (1). Compound 1 exhibits an unusual bonding arrangement with two meso-DPPEPM ligands and one bromide coordinated to a single Fe(II) center. One of the DPPEPM ligands binds to iron in a kappa(2) mode via two central phosphorus atoms, leaving the terminal phosphines dangling. The second DPPEPM binds through three phosphines, whereas the fourth one coordinates to the iron center of an external FeBr3- unit. A 1 : 2 reaction of FeBr2 and meso-DPPEPM in tetrahydrofuran generates [FeBr(kappa(2)-DPPEPM)(kappa(3)-DPPEPM)]Br ([2]Br) in which the positive charge on the pseudo-octahedral unit is balanced by free Br- as opposed to the phosphine-bound FeBr3- in 1. The compound [2]PF6 was obtained from [2]Br and TlPF6. Solution structures for 1, [2]Br and [2]PF6 were assigned on the basis of P-31 NMR. For all three compounds the data are consistent with five phosphorus atoms bound to the metal. C1 [Jana, Barun; Hovey, Megan; Pestovsky, Oleg; Sadow, Aaron D.; Bakac, Andreja] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jana, Barun; Hovey, Megan; Ellern, Arkady; Sadow, Aaron D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pestovsky, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pvp@ameslab.gov; sadow@iastate.edu; bakac@ameslab.gov FU Iowa Energy Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists through the Summer Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program through the Ames Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This research was supported by a grant from the Iowa Energy Center (B. J., A. S., A. B.) and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences (O. P.) and Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists through the Summer Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program (M. H.) through the Ames Laboratory. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The work was carried out in the facilities of the Ames Laboratory and the Chemistry Department at Iowa State University. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 41 BP 12781 EP 12785 DI 10.1039/c2dt31437a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 016UN UT WOS:000309545100019 PM 22968166 ER PT J AU Langley, SK Helliwell, M Teat, SJ Winpenny, REP AF Langley, Stuart K. Helliwell, Madeleine Teat, Simon J. Winpenny, Richard E. P. TI Synthesis and characterisation of cobalt(II) phosphonate cage complexes utilizing carboxylates and pyridonates as co-ligands SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; CLUSTERS; RELAXATION AB The synthesis and structures of fifteen new cobalt complexes containing phosphonate ligands are reported. The compounds also utilize carboxylates and 6-chloro-2-pyridonate (chp) as co-ligands. The majority of the compounds are decametallic: [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)(O2CPh)(4)(H2O)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(4)(H2O)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)((O2CPhBu)-Bu-t)(4)(H2O)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2) (H2O)(2)(EtOAc)(2)], [Co-10(chp)(8)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(2)](HNEt3)(2), [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(8)(F)(2)(H2O)(2)(MeCOMe)(2)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PMe)(2) ((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PEt)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O(3)POct)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(8)(Hchp)(2)(O(3)PCH(2)Nap) (O2CPh)(7)(OH)(3)(H2O)], [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)(O2CPh-2-Ph)(4)(H2O)(4)] and [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PMe)(2)(O2CPh2Ph)(4)(H2O)(4)]. Two nine-metal cages and one hexametallic cage are also reported: [Co-9(chp)(9)((O3PBu)-Bu-t)((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(6)(OH)], [Co-9(chp)(7)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)(O3PCH2Ph)(O2CCPh3)(5)(OH)(H2O)(2)(MeCN)] and [Co-6(chp)(6)(Hchp)(2)((O3PBu)-Bu-t)(O2CPh-2-Ph)(3)(F)(H2O)](HNEt3)(Cl). Magnetic studies show predominantly anti-ferromagnetic exchange interactions between the cobalt(II) sites, with diamagnetic ground states for most of the compounds studied. C1 [Langley, Stuart K.; Helliwell, Madeleine; Winpenny, Richard E. P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Winpenny, Richard E. P.] Univ Manchester, Photon Sci Inst, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Winpenny, REP (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM richard.winpenny@man.ac.uk RI Langley, Stuart/G-4973-2011 OI Langley, Stuart/0000-0002-2241-1551 FU EPSRC(UK); EC-TMR "QueMolNa" FX We thank the EPSRC(UK) for funding for a studentship (SL). We are also grateful to the EC-TMR "QueMolNa" for support. We also thank Prof Robera Sessoli for help in recording some of the magnetic data. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 41 BP 12807 EP 12817 DI 10.1039/c2dt31612a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 016UN UT WOS:000309545100023 PM 22976079 ER PT J AU Saparov, B Parker, DS Sefat, AS AF Saparov, Bayrammurad Parker, David S. Sefat, Athena S. TI Crystal and electronic structures of metallic Ba2Pd5Ge4 SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID INTERATOMIC DISTANCES; RADII; NI; CU; PD AB Crystals of a new intermetallic germanide Ba2Pd5Ge4 have been grown out of a binary PdGe flux. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the compound crystallizes in a novel structure type in the Cmca space group, with a = 10.9296(9) angstrom, b = 14.1639(12) angstrom, and c = 5.8808(5) angstrom at 173(2) K. This structure type features a three-dimensional [Pd5Ge4] network made of distorted tetrahedral and square planar PdGe4 units, with Ba atoms filling the voids. The magnetic susceptibility and the electrical resistivity measurements show that Ba2Pd5Ge4 is a Pauli paramagnet and a metal with the room temperature resistivity value of rho(300 K) approximate to 0.096 m Omega cm. The band structure calculations confirm that Ba2Pd5Ge4 is a good metal with no magnetic instability. C1 [Saparov, Bayrammurad; Parker, David S.; Sefat, Athena S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Saparov, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,Bldg 4100,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM saparovbi@ornl.gov RI Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. The single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were performed with the assistance of R. Custelcean. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 41 BP 12920 EP 12925 DI 10.1039/c2dt31744c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 016UN UT WOS:000309545100036 PM 22987138 ER PT J AU Nielsen, MH Lee, JRI Hu, QN Han, TYJ De Yoreo, JJ AF Nielsen, Michael H. Lee, Jonathan R. I. Hu, Qiaona Han, Thomas Yong-Jin De Yoreo, James J. TI Structural evolution, formation pathways and energetic controls during template-directed nucleation of CaCO3 SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ORIENTED CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPRESSED MONOLAYERS; INTERFACIAL PH; IN-SITU; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION; CRYSTALS; CLUSTERS AB Through the process of biomineralization living organisms use macromolecules to direct nucleation and growth of nanophases of a variety of inorganic materials. Evidence shows this is a widespread strategy for controlling the timing, polymorphism, morphology, and crystallographic orientation of CaCO3 nuclei. In the past decade, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols have been used as a simple model to reproduce the controls of organic substrates. However, despite the importance of nucleation phenomena in the crystallization of inorganic materials our understanding of the reaction dynamics is extremely limited because, until recently, there was no experimental tool that possessed the spatial and temporal resolution needed to capture the formative events in the process. Issues such as the formation of amorphous precursors, and polymorph selection during the initial stages of nucleation, as well as the structural relationships and energetic controls of the inorganic matrix on the emerging nucleus have not been fully explored. To address these gaps in our understanding we have developed a suite of in situ methods and applied them, along with synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopies, to CaCO3 nucleation. We used these methods to observe CaCO3 nucleation rates on alkanethiol SAMs. We found that for two carboxyl-terminated alkanethiol SAMs with odd (mercaptoundecanoic acid) and even (mercaptohexadecanoic acid) carbon chains, the effective interfacial energy is reduced from about 109 mJ m(-2) in solution to 81 mJ m(-2) and 72 mJ m(-2), respectively, showing that templating is driven by a reduction in the thermodynamic barrier to nucleation. We also report in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of crystal nucleation and growth in solution at the nanometre scale and video rates. This capability is enabled by the combination of a custom designed TEM stage and fluid cell. Significantly, the design of the cell and holder ensures temperature and electrochemical control over the reaction environment, allowing for direct investigation of nucleation. Our first results show that CaCO3 nucleates via nanoparticles of an apparent metastable precursor-most likely ACC-followed by consolidation and faceting. Finally, we report insights from the use of synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) into the evolution of the SAM during the nucleation process. Based on measurements of SAM monomer orientation, we argue that the ability of the SAM to reorganize during the nucleation process is a key feature of an organic matrix that successfully directs mineralization. C1 [Nielsen, Michael H.; Hu, Qiaona; De Yoreo, James J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nielsen, Michael H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Jonathan R. I.; Han, Thomas Yong-Jin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hu, Qiaona] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jjdeyoreo@lbl.gov RI Nielsen, Michael/D-1881-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship [32 CFR 168a] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and as part of the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center, both under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and through Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Additional government support under and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a. Measurements were performed at the Molecular Foundry, and at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, national user facilities operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Stanford University, respectively, on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank the SSRL staff, particularly Dan Brehmer and Curtis Troxel, for their assistance during the course of these experiments. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 159 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1039/c2fd20050c PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 026LZ UT WOS:000310281600006 ER PT J AU Wang, D Hamm, LM Giuffre, AJ Echigo, T Rimstidt, JD De Yoreo, JJ Grotzinger, J Dove, PM AF Wang, D. Hamm, L. M. Giuffre, A. J. Echigo, T. Rimstidt, J. Donald De Yoreo, J. J. Grotzinger, J. Dove, P. M. TI Revisiting geochemical controls on patterns of carbonate deposition through the lens of multiple pathways to mineralization SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE; MAGNESIUM-CALCITE; SEDIMENTARY DOLOMITE; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; CRETACEOUS COMPOSITION; COORONG REGION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MG/CA RATIO; MINERALOGY; SEAWATER AB The carbonate sedimentary record contains diverse compositions and textures that reflect the evolution of oceans and atmospheres through geological time. Efforts to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions from these deposits continue to be hindered by the need for process-based models that can explain observed shifts in carbonate chemistry and form. Traditional interpretations assume minerals precipitate and grow by classical ion-by-ion addition processes but are unable to reconcile a number of unusual features contained in Proterozoic carbonates. The realization that diverse organisms produce high Mg carbonate skeletal structures by non-classical pathways involving amorphous intermediates raises the question of whether similar processes are also active in sedimentary environments. This study examines the hypothesis that non-classical pathways to mineralization are the physical basis for some of the carbonate morphologies and compositions observed in natural and laboratory settings. We designed experiments with a series of different solution Mg : Ca ratios and saturation environments to investigate the effects on carbonate phase, Mg content, and morphology. Our observations of diverse carbonate mineral compositions and textures suggest geochemical conditions bias the mineralization pathway by a systematic relationship to Mg : Ca ratio and the abundance of carbonate ions. Environments with low Mg levels produce calcite crystallites with 0-12 mol% MgCO3. In contrast, the combination of high initial Mg : Ca and rapidly increasing saturation opens a non-classical pathway that begins with extensive precipitation of an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). This phase slowly transforms to aggregates of very high Mg calcite nanoparticles whose structures and compositions are similar to natural disordered dolomites. The non-classical pathways are favored when the local environment contains sufficient Mg to inhibit calcite growth through increased solubility-a thermodynamic factor, and achieves saturation with respect to ACC on a timescale that is shorter than the rate of aragonite nucleation-a kinetic factor. Aragonite is produced when Mg levels are high but saturation is insufficient for ACC precipitation. The findings provide a physical basis for anecdotal claims that the interplay of kinetic and thermodynamic factors underlies patterns of carbonate precipitation and suggest the need to expand traditional interpretations of geological carbonate formation to include non-classical pathways to mineralization. C1 [Wang, D.; Hamm, L. M.; Giuffre, A. J.; Echigo, T.; Rimstidt, J. Donald; Dove, P. M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [De Yoreo, J. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grotzinger, J.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Dove, PM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Rimstidt, James/N-8910-2013; Giuffre, Anthony/D-4192-2016 OI Giuffre, Anthony/0000-0001-9269-7922 FU US Deptartment of Energy [DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112]; National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-1061763]; Mineralogical Society of America; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The research was supported by awards to PMD from the US Deptartment of Energy (DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112) and the National Science Foundation (NSF OCE-1061763). DW thanks the Mineralogical Society of America for the Grant for Student Research that also supported this work. LMH thanks the NSF for support through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program. This work was also supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or the DOE. We thank JF Read for thoughtful insights into geological carbonates. NR 77 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 61 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 159 BP 371 EP 386 DI 10.1039/c2fd20077e PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 026LZ UT WOS:000310281600021 ER PT J AU Wolf, SE Lieberwirth, I Natalio, F Bardeau, JF Delorme, N Emmerling, F Barrea, R Kappl, M Marin, F AF Wolf, Stephan E. Lieberwirth, Ingo Natalio, Filipe Bardeau, Jean-Francois Delorme, Nicolas Emmerling, Franziska Barrea, Raul Kappl, Michael Marin, Frederic TI Merging models of biomineralisation with concepts of nonclassical crystallisation: is a liquid amorphous precursor involved in the formation of the prismatic layer of the Mediterranean Fan Mussel Pinna nobilis? SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE PRECURSOR; PINCTADA-MARGARITIFERA; SHELL; PHASE; FILMS; TRANSFORMATION; MESOCRYSTALS; MECHANISMS; ARAGONITE AB The calcitic prisms of Pinna nobilis (Pinnidae, Linnaeus 1758) are shown to be perfect examples of a mesocrystalline material. Based on their ultrastructure and on the occurrence of an amorphous transient precursor during the early stages of prism formation, we provide evidence for the pathway of mesocrystallisation proposed by Seto et al. (2012), which proceeds not by self-organized oriented attachment of crystalline nano-bricks but by aggregation of initially amorphous nanogranules which later transform by epitaxial nucleation to a three-dimensional array of well aligned nanocrystals. We further fathom the role of a liquid amorphous calcium carbonate in biomineralisation processes and provide strong evidence for the occurrence of PILP-like intermediates during prism formation. We develop a new scenario of prism formation based on the presented findings presented findings and discuss the implications of a speculative liquid amorphous calcium carbonate (LACC) intermediate in vivo. C1 [Wolf, Stephan E.; Marin, Frederic] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR Biogeosci 6282, F-21000 Dijon, France. [Lieberwirth, Ingo; Kappl, Michael] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Natalio, Filipe] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Bardeau, Jean-Francois; Delorme, Nicolas] Univ Maine, CNRS, Fac Sci, Inst Mol & Mat Mans,UMR 6283, F-72085 Le Mans 9, France. [Emmerling, Franziska] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Barrea, Raul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, BioCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wolf, SE (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR Biogeosci 6282, 6 Blvd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France. EM stephan.wolf@u-bourgogne.fr; frederic.marin@u-bourgogne.fr RI Natalio, Filipe/D-4417-2011; MPIP, AK Butt/B-8805-2009; Emmerling, Franziska/G-3011-2010; Wolf, Stephan/O-4714-2015; Kappl, Michael/A-5697-2009; Mainz, EMZ-M/E-3619-2016 OI Emmerling, Franziska/0000-0001-8528-0301; Wolf, Stephan/0000-0002-3747-8097; FU European Commission [PITN-GA-2008-215507 - BIO-MINTEC]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [Wo 1712/1-1]; SRO project of the OSU THETA (Bourgogne-Franche-Comte); U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Center for Research Resources [2P41RR008630-17]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from the National Institutes of Health [9 P41 GM103622-17] FX We warmly thank Nathalie Guichard, Maren Muller, Katrin Kirchoff, Simone Rolf and the whole BioCAT team for their excellent technical support. S. E. W. and F. M. thank further Sebastien Motreuil for providing the shells of P. nobilis. This work was supported by grants of the European Commission (PITN-GA-2008-215507 - BIO-MINTEC). S. E. W. is grateful to the German Research Foundation (DFG) for a postdoctoral research fellowship (Wo 1712/1-1). A complementary support was provided by SRO 2012 project of the OSU THETA (Bourgogne-Franche-Comte). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This project was supported by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (2P41RR008630-17) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (9 P41 GM103622-17) from the National Institutes of Health. Last but not least, we are thankful to Dorrit Jacob for an inspiring and helpful discussion. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 159 BP 433 EP 448 DI 10.1039/c2fd20045g PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 026LZ UT WOS:000310281600024 ER PT J AU Hu, Q Nielsen, MH Freeman, CL Hamm, LM Tao, J Lee, JRI Han, TYJ Becker, U Harding, JH Dove, PM De Yoreo, JJ AF Hu, Q. Nielsen, M. H. Freeman, C. L. Hamm, L. M. Tao, J. Lee, J. R. I. Han, T. Y. J. Becker, U. Harding, J. H. Dove, P. M. De Yoreo, J. J. TI The thermodynamics of calcite nucleation at organic interfaces: Classical vs. non-classical pathways SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; CARBONATE; CLUSTERS; BIOMINERALIZATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; COLLAGEN; GROWTH; PHASE; BONE AB Nucleation in the natural world often occurs in the presence of organic interfaces. In mineralized tissues, a range of macromolecular matrices are found in contact with inorganic phases and are believed to direct mineral formation. In geochemical settings, mineral surfaces, which are often covered with organic or biological films, surround the volume within which nucleation occurs. In the classical picture of nucleation, the presence of such interfaces is expected to have a profound effect on nucleation rates, simply because they can reduce the interfacial free energy, which controls the height of the thermodynamic barrier to nucleation of the solid phase. However, the recent discovery of a nearly monodisperse population of calcium carbonate clusters-so called pre-nucleation clusters-and the many observations of amorphous precursor phases have called into question the applicability of classical descriptions. Here we use in situ observations of nucleation on organothiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to explore the energetics and pathways of calcite nucleation at organic interfaces. We find that carboxyl SAM-directed nucleation is described well in purely classical terms through a reduction in the thermodynamic barrier due to decreased interfacial free energy. Moreover, the differences in nucleation kinetics on odd and even chain-length carboxyl SAMs are attributable to relative differences in these energies. These differences arise from varying degrees of SAM order related to oxygen-oxygen interactions between SAM headgroups. In addition, amorphous particles formed prior to or during crystal nucleation do not grow and are not observed to act as precursors to the crystalline phase. Instead, calcite appears to nucleate independently. These results imply that the recently proposed model of calcite formation as a non-classical process, one which proceeds via aggregation of stable pre-nucleation clusters that form an amorphous precursor from which the crystalline phase emerges, is not applicable to template-directed nucleation on carboxyl SAMs and does not provide a universal description of calcite formation. C1 [Hu, Q.; Nielsen, M. H.; Tao, J.; De Yoreo, J. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hu, Q.; Becker, U.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nielsen, M. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freeman, C. L.; Harding, J. H.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Hamm, L. M.; Dove, P. M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lee, J. R. I.; Han, T. Y. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94511 USA. RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jjdeyoreo@lbl.gov RI Becker, Udo /F-7339-2011; Nielsen, Michael/D-1881-2015 OI Becker, Udo /0000-0002-1550-0484; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Biological and Geological Sciences through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship [32 CFR 168a]; UK EPSRC [EP/I001514/1]; UK programme grant funds the Materials Interface with Biology consortium; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; US Dept. of Energy [DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112]; National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-1061763] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Biological and Geological Sciences through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and as part of the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Measurements were performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with support from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH1123. This research was made with Government support under and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a. CLF and JHH would like to thank funding from UK EPSRC grant number EP/I001514/1; this UK programme grant funds the Materials Interface with Biology consortium. Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The research was also supported by awards to PMD from the US Dept. of Energy (DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112) and the National Science Foundation (NSF OCE-1061763). NR 29 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 11 U2 164 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 159 BP 509 EP 523 DI 10.1039/c2fd20124k PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 026LZ UT WOS:000310281600029 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, Lawrence J. TI An implicit differential equation governing lumped capacitance, radiation dominated, unsteady, heat transfer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE Differential equations; Radiation; Capacitance; Heat transfer; Radiation dominated; Lumped capacitance; Implicit differential equation AB Purpose - Although most physical problems in fluid mechanics and heat transfer are governed by nonlinear differential equations, it is less common to be confronted with a "so - called" implicit differential equation, i.e. a differential equation where the highest order derivative cannot be isolated. The purpose of this paper is to derive and analyze an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach. Design/methodology/approach - Here we discuss an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach. Due to the implicit nature of this problem, standard integration schemes, e.g. Runge-Kutta, are not conveniently applied to this problem. Moreover, numerical solutions do not provide the insight afforded by an analytical solution. Findings - A predictor predictor-corrector scheme with secant iteration is presented which readily integrates differential equations where the derivative cannot be explicitly obtained. These solutions are compared to numerical integration of the equations and show good agreement. Originality/value - The paper emphasizes that although large-scale, multi-dimensional time-dependent heat transfer simulation tools are routinely available, there are instances where unsteady, engineering models such as the one discussed here are both adequate and appropriate. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ljdecha@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Special thanks to Michael Sekerak (formerly Sandia National Laboratories, currently University of Michigan Aerospace Department. msekerak@umich.edu) for the physical motivation for this project. The thoughtful comments of an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0961-5539 J9 INT J NUMER METHOD H JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow PY 2012 VL 22 IS 6-7 BP 896 EP 906 DI 10.1108/09615531211255770 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 028GV UT WOS:000310411700013 ER PT J AU Guala, M Tomkins, CD Christensen, KT Adrian, RJ AF Guala, Michele Tomkins, Christopher D. Christensen, Kenneth T. Adrian, Ronald J. TI Vortex organization in a turbulent boundary layer overlying sparse roughness elements SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bed roughness; boundary layer turbulence; particle image velocimetry; wall-bounded shear flow turbulence ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; WALL TURBULENCE; CHANNEL FLOW; SPANWISE VORTICES; HAIRPIN VORTICES; OUTER LAYER; LARGE-SCALE; SHEAR-FLOW; SMOOTH; STATISTICS AB Vortex organization in the outer layer of a turbulent boundary layer overlying sparse, hemispherical roughness elements is explored with two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) in multiple streamwise-wall-normal measurement planes downstream and between elements. The presence of sparse roughness elements causes a shortening of the streamwise length scale in the near-wall region. These measurements confirm that vortex packets exist in the outer layer of flow over rough walls, but that their organization is altered, and this is interpreted as the underlying cause of the length-scale reduction. In particular, the elements shed vortices which appear to align in the near-wall region, but are distinct from the packets. Further, it is observed that ejection events triggered in the element wakes are more intense compared to the ejection events in smooth wall. We speculate that this may initiate a self-sustaining mechanism leading to the formation of hairpin packets as a much more effective instability compared to those typical of smooth-wall turbulence. C1 [Adrian, Ronald J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Guala, Michele] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Tomkins, Christopher D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Christensen, Kenneth T.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Adrian, RJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM mguala@umn.edu; ctomkins@lanl.gov; ktc@illinois.edu; rjadrian@asu.edu RI Christensen, Kenneth/B-1123-2009 OI Christensen, Kenneth/0000-0003-1468-2455 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 465 EP 481 DI 10.1080/00221686.2012.729229 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 024UB UT WOS:000310133300002 ER PT J AU Denault, KA George, NC Paden, SR Brinkley, S Mikhailovsky, AA Neuefeind, J DenBaars, SP Seshadri, R AF Denault, Kristin A. George, Nathan C. Paden, Sara R. Brinkley, Stuart Mikhailovsky, Alexander A. Neuefeind, Joerg DenBaars, Steven P. Seshadri, Ram TI A green-yellow emitting oxyfluoride solid solution phosphor Sr2Ba(AlO4F)(1-x)(SiO5)(x):Ce3+ for thermally stable, high color rendition solid state white lighting SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; EDGE-SHARING TETRAHEDRA; EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; LUMINESCENT MATERIALS; BASIS-SET; CE3+; EFFICIENT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB A near-UV excited, oxyfluoride phosphor solid solution Sr1.975Ce0.025Ba(AlO4F)(1-x)(SiO5)(x) has been developed for solid state white lighting applications. An examination of the host lattice, and the local structure around the Ce3+ activator ions through a combination of density functional theory, synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and total scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance, points to how chemical substitutions play a crucial role in tuning the optical properties of the phosphor. The maximum emission wavelength can be tuned from green (lambda(em) = 523 nm) to yellow (lambda(em) 552 nm) by tuning the composition, x. Photoluminescent quantum yield is determined to be 70 perpendicular to 5% for some of the examples in the series. Excellent thermal properties were found for the x = 0.5 sample, with the photoluminescence intensity at 160 degrees C only decreased to 82% of its room temperature value. Phosphor-converted LED devices fabricated using an InGaN LED (lambda(max) - 400 nm) exhibit high color rendering white light with R-a = 70 and a correlated color temperature near 7000 K. The value of R-a could be raised to 90 by the addition of a red component, and the correlated color temperature lowered to near 4000 K. C1 [Denault, Kristin A.; Paden, Sara R.; Brinkley, Stuart; DenBaars, Steven P.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Solid State Lighting & Energy Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Denault, Kristin A.; DenBaars, Steven P.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [George, Nathan C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Paden, Sara R.; Mikhailovsky, Alexander A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brinkley, Stuart] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Neuefeind, Joerg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Denault, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Solid State Lighting & Energy Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kdenault@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015 OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544 FU ConvEne IGERT Program [NSF-DGE 0801627]; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR 1121053]; UCSB Center for Scientific Computing [NSF DMR-1121053, NSF CNS-0960316]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy FX We thank Alexander Birkel for helpful discussions. Fellowship support to KAD and NCG from the ConvEne IGERT Program (NSF-DGE 0801627) is gratefully acknowledged. The research reported here made use of MRL Central Facilities, supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award no. DMR 1121053. We also acknowledge support from the UCSB Center for Scientific Computing (NSF DMR-1121053 and NSF CNS-0960316). Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 35 BP 18204 EP 18213 DI 10.1039/c2jm33620k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 989TH UT WOS:000307582800019 ER PT J AU Martha, SK Dudney, NJ Kiggans, JO Nanda, J AF Martha, Surendra K. Dudney, Nancy J. Kiggans, James O. Nanda, Jagjit TI Electrochemical Stability of Carbon Fibers Compared to Aluminum as Current Collectors for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; PASSIVE FILM; LI; ELECTRODES; CORROSION; SALTS; LIPF6; INTERCALATION; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES AB The electrochemical behaviors of highly conductive, fully-graphitic, semi-graphitic and non-graphitic carbon fibers were studied as the cathode current collectors of lithium batteries in standard electrolyte (alkyl carbonate/LiPF6) solutions and compared to bare aluminum (Al). All of these current collectors demonstrate a stable electrochemical behavior within the potential range of 2.5 to 5 V, due to passivation by surface films. Carbon fibers have comparable electrochemical stability of Al and may be used in place Al foil. While the carbon fibers do not contribute any irreversible or extra capacity when they are cycled below 4.5 V, for fully-graphitic and semi-graphitic fibers PF6- intercalation and deintercalation into the carbon fiber may occur when they are cycled at high potentials >4.5 V. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.041210jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Martha, Surendra K.; Dudney, Nancy J.; Kiggans, James O.; Nanda, Jagjit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martha, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM marthask@ornl.gov; dudneynj@ornl.gov RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016; kiggans, james/E-1588-2017 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178; kiggans, james/0000-0001-5056-665X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Materials used in this study were supplied courtesy of Max L. Lake (Applied Sciences, Inc., Pyrograf I fully-graphitic fibers), Geoffey W. Taylor (AFN Advanced Fiber Nonwoven, non-graphitic carbon fiber mats). The authors also acknowledge the assistance of G. M. Veith (MSTD, ORNL) for many helpful discussions on XPS analysis and Orlando Rios for resistivity measurements of the samples and many helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP A1652 EP A1658 DI 10.1149/2.041210jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PB UT WOS:000309105500012 ER PT J AU Yeager, MP Su, D Marinkovic, NS Teng, XW AF Yeager, Matthew P. Su, Dong Marinkovic, Nebojsa S. Teng, Xiaowei TI Pseudocapacitive NiO Fine Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Reactions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ETHANOL OXIDATION REACTION; CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM; GRAPHENE OXIDE SHEETS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; POROUS NICKEL; IN-SITU; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; ACTIVATED CARBON; MANGANESE OXIDE AB We report nickel oxide (NiO) fine nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5.3 +/- 1.3 nm as an electrode material for supercapacitor reactions. The superior pseudocapacitive behavior of NiO nanoparticles was demonstrated in three-electrode half-cells and two-electrode button cells, with a maximum specific capacitance of 243 F/g. In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was used for the first reported time to study the evolution of the electronic structures of NiO during the charge-transfer reactions. We observed that a predominant change of valence state occurred between 0.35 V and 0.50 V (vs. Hg/HgO). The development of NiO nanomaterials in the present study provides a new approach in fabricating advanced pseudocapacitors by utilizing highly cost-effective transition metal oxide electrode materials. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.025210jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Yeager, Matthew P.; Teng, Xiaowei] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Su, Dong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Marinkovic, Nebojsa S.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Yeager, MP (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM xw.teng@unh.edu RI Su, Dong/A-8233-2013; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 FU University of New Hampshire; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported in part by the University of New Hampshire (X.T., M.Y.). Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and NSLS Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Beam lines X19A are partly supported by Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium (DE-FG02-05ER15688). We thank Nancy Cherim at UNH for assistance in TEM. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 88 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP A1598 EP A1603 DI 10.1149/2.025210jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PB UT WOS:000309105500005 ER PT J AU Zhang, LL Liang, G Peng, G Huang, YH Wang, L Qie, L Croft, MC Ignatov, A Goodenough, JB AF Zhang, Lu-Lu Liang, Gan Peng, Gang Huang, Yun-Hui Wang, Long Qie, Long Croft, Mark C. Ignatov, Alexander Goodenough, John B. TI Insight into Fe Incorporation in Li3V2(PO4)(3)/C Cathode Material SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; DOPED LI3V2(PO4)(3); VANADIUM PHOSPHATE; LIFEPO4 AB The profile of Fe-incorporation into carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)(3) (LVP) cathode material for lithium ion batteries has been systematically investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectrometry and electrochemical measurements. The results confirm the coexistence of Li3+xV2-yFe2+y(PO4)(3), LiFePO4 and FePO4 in the Fe-incorporated LVP/C composite. The FePO4 appears to be present as an amorphous phase associated with the carbon coat. Compared with pristine LVP/C, significant improvement in capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability in LVP/C-Fe were achieved, which is attributed to the reduced particle size, a decreased electrolyte/electrode charge-transfer resistance, and a suppressed electrolyte/electrode reaction at high voltage. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.001210jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Lu-Lu; Huang, Yun-Hui; Qie, Long] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Proc & Die & Mold Technol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Lu-Lu; Peng, Gang] Three Gorges Univ, Coll Mech & Mat Engn, Yichang 443002, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Lu-Lu; Liang, Gan] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Wang, Long; Goodenough, John B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Croft, Mark C.; Ignatov, Alexander] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Croft, Mark C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, LL (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Proc & Die & Mold Technol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM phy_gnl@shsu.edu; huangyh@mail.hust.edu.cn RI Huang, Yunhui/C-3752-2014; Qie, Long/F-1488-2011 OI Qie, Long/0000-0003-1693-5911 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [50825203, 21175050]; MOST [2011AA11290, 2011DFB70020]; PCSIRT (Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University); National Science Foundation [CHE-0718482]; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; ERG from Sam Houston State University FX This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50825203 and 21175050), the 863 programs from the MOST (Grant Nos. 2011AA11290 and 2011DFB70020), the PCSIRT (Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University), National Science Foundation under Grants (No. CHE-0718482), an award from Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and an ERG grant from Sam Houston State University. In addition, the authors thank Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology for XRD, SEM, and Raman spectra measurements, and thank the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory for XAS measurement. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 67 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP A1573 EP A1578 DI 10.1149/2.001210jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PB UT WOS:000309105500001 ER PT J AU Larsen, BA Neyerlin, KC Bult, JB Bochert, C Blackburn, JL Kocha, SS Pivovar, BS AF Larsen, Brian A. Neyerlin, K. C. Bult, Justin B. Bochert, Christopher Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Kocha, Shyam S. Pivovar, Bryan S. TI Platinum Nanoplates as Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; SILVER; SIZE; TRENDS; ALLOYS; GOLD; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; NANORINGS; NANOWIRES AB Pt nanoplates were synthesized by galvanic displacement from Ag nanoplates and tested for performance as oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cells. The Pt nanoplates exhibit improved specific activity by a factor of 3.7 compared to Pt nanoparticles (i(s)(0.9V) = 1000 and 270 mu A/cm(Pt)(2) for Pt nanoplates and nanoparticles, respectively) which indicates significant potential for future development of nanoplate electrocatalysts. The 2-d extended surface morphology of nanoplates was studied as a strategy to attain bulk material properties in a high surface area nanostructured material. The Pt nanoplates demonstrate more bulk-like properties approaching the specific activity of bulk polycrystalline Pt (i(s)(0.9V) = 2300 mu A/cm(Pt)(2)) and exceeding that for Pt black (i(s)(0.9V) = 840 mu A/cm(Pt)(2)). In addition, cyclic voltammetry reveals that the onset of oxide formation on the Pt nanoplates more closely resembles bulk polycrystalline Pt and Pt black as opposed to Pt nanoparticles. Pt nanoplate electrocatalysts synthesized by galvanic displacement highlight and expose a promising new strategy to achieve a class of nanostructured electrocatalysts with enhanced specific activity. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.029210jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Larsen, Brian A.; Neyerlin, K. C.; Bult, Justin B.; Bochert, Christopher; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Kocha, Shyam S.; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Larsen, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM brian.a.larsen@nrel.gov; bryan.pivovar@nrel.gov FU US Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program; Energy Efficency and Renewable Energy Postdoctoral Research Award FX The authors would like to thank the research group of Yushan Yan for collaborative discussions in the area of galvanic displacement for the synthesis of fuel cell catalysts. The authors also thank the US Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program and the Energy Efficency and Renewable Energy Postdoctoral Research Award for funding support. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 53 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP F622 EP F627 DI 10.1149/2.029210jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PB UT WOS:000309105500044 ER PT J AU Sarkar, A Zhu, X Nakanishi, H Kerr, JB Cairns, EJ AF Sarkar, A. Zhu, X. Nakanishi, H. Kerr, J. B. Cairns, E. J. TI Investigation into Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction on Platinum in Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide and Effect of Addition of Imidazole and 1,2,4-Triazole SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELLS; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODES; MECHANISM; ELECTROCATALYSIS; DEGRADATION; CATALYSTS; MEDIA AB The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of platinum has been determined in tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEOH) solution, a solution of imidazole in tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and 1,2,4-triazole in tetraethylammonium hydroxide at elevated temperatures (25 degrees C-80 degrees C). Furthermore, the ORR activity has been compared to that in 12 M KOH. The cyclic voltammetry results as well as the ORR activity measurements suggest a similar activity of platinum in both KOH and TEOH at room temperature. However, the activity in TEOH deteriorates at high temperature due to nucleophilic attack by poorly solvated hydroxide ions. Moreover, addition of either imidazole or triazole has a positive influence on the stability of TEOH at high temperatures, although strong adsorption of both imidazole and triazole significantly inhibits the ORR, resulting in lower activity. Additionally, it is found that the ORR activity of platinum in triazole is superior to that in imidazole. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.037210jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Sarkar, A.; Zhu, X.; Nakanishi, H.; Kerr, J. B.; Cairns, E. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nakanishi, H.] Toyota Motor Co, Shizuoka 4101193, Japan. RP Sarkar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EJCairns@lbl.gov RI Zhu, Xiaobing/C-6122-2013; Zhu, Xiaobing/C-9635-2017; Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Zhu, Xiaobing/0000-0003-1789-2546; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 FU Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan FX Financial support by the Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan is gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, we thank Ian Kilpatrick of Sumitomo Electric Europe for providing us with Porous Nickel Celmet samples, Roy Parker of Toray Industries Inc. Japan, for providing us with Torcon needle punch felt and Ing. Jana Kralikova of Chemosvit Fibrochem Slovak Republic for supplying Prolen polypropylene microfibers. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 10 BP F628 EP F634 DI 10.1149/2.037210jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PB UT WOS:000309105500045 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, David J. BE Avella, A Mancini, F TI The solid state as a fabric for intertwining chemical bonding, electronic structure and magnetism SO LECTURES ON THE PHYSICS OF STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS XVI SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Training Course in the Physics of Strongly Correlated Systems CY OCT 03-14, 2011 CL Vietri sul Mare, ITALY SP Univ Studi Salerno, Dipartimento Fisica E R Caianiello, Int Inst Adv Sci Studies E R Caianiello, European Sci Fdn, INTELBIOMAT Programme, European Phys Soc DE Electronic Structure; Magnetism; Superconductivity ID THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY-CONVERSION; NODELESS SUPERCONDUCTING GAPS; LEAD CHALCOGENIDES; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; ITINERANT-ELECTRON; CURRENT CARRIERS; IRON; CRYSTAL; PHASE AB Condensed matter shows a remarkable variety of physical properties, reflecting the interplay between the chemical composition, structure and behaviors of materials. This set of notes discusses this richness from the point of view of modern first principles calculations. The availability of such calculations has been revolutionary in condensed matter physics. They are routinely used to understand the origins of physical behavior and to predict both properties and materials embodying them. Increasingly, such calculations serve a primary role in understanding complex novel behaviors that are discovered. Clearly it is impossible to review such a broad area in a single article. What is presented here is a basic introduction, some general remarks, and a series of hopefully instructive examples. The focus is on the use of first principles to obtain physical insight and so the discussion mixes calculations with understanding derived in light of experimental data as well. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 169 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1097-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1485 BP 226 EP 275 DI 10.1063/1.4755824 PG 50 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BCM06 UT WOS:000310685500004 ER PT B AU Barnum, H Barrett, J Leifer, M Wilce, A AF Barnum, Howard Barrett, Jonathan Leifer, Matthew Wilce, Alexander BE Abramsky, S Mislove, M TI Teleportation in General Probabilistic Theories SO MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION FLOW SE Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clifford Lectures Information Flow in Physics, Geometry, Logic and Computation CY MAR 12-15, 2008 CL Tulane Univ, Math Dept, New Orleans, LA SP Us Off Naval Res HO Tulane Univ, Math Dept ID TENSOR-PRODUCTS; QUANTUM AB In previous paper, we showed that many important quantum information-theoretic phenomena, including the no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems, are in fact generic in all non-classical probabilistic theories. An exception is teleportation, which most such theories do not support. In this paper, we investigate which probabilistic theories, and more particularly, which composite systems, do support a teleportation protocol. We isolate a natural class of composite systems that we term regular, and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a regular tripartite system to support a conclusive, or post-selected, teleportation protocol. We also establish a sufficient condition for deterministic teleportation that yields a large supply of composite state spaces, neither classical nor quantum, that support such a protocol. C1 [Barnum, Howard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM hnbarnum@aol.com; jon.barrett@rhul.ac.uk; matt@mattleifer.info; wilce@susqu.edu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA BN 978-0-8218-4923-1 J9 PROC SYM AP PY 2012 VL 71 BP 25 EP 47 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BCI84 UT WOS:000310253500002 ER PT S AU Suthar, KJ Ghantasala, MK Ilavsky, J Mancini, DC AF Suthar, Kamlesh J. Ghantasala, Muralidhar K. Ilavsky, Jan Mancini, Derrick C. BE Lendlein, A Behl, M Feng, Y Guan, Z Xie, T TI Characterization of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 ferrogels prepared under uniform magnetic field SO MULTIFUNCTIONAL POLYMER-BASED MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium V on Multifunctional Polymer-based Materials at the MRS Fall Meeting and Exhibit CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP IBM Zurich, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, MRS AB We compare the characteristics of ferrogels prepared with and without the presence of a uniform magnetic field using Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles immobilized in hydrogels of N-isopropylacrylamid. The spatial distribution and agglomeration of the nanoparticles within the ferrogels were investigated using ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hydrated ferrogels were also studied for magnetization using direct current superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID). Volume size distribution resulting from USAXS data for Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared under a uniform 225 G magnetic field showed a single broad peak appreciably different from the prepared without magnetic field with three distinct peaks. Volume size distributions resulting from USAXS data of the Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared with and without the presence of a uniform magnetic field both similarly show two peaks. Nanoparticle agglomeration was also determined by analyzing TEM images of ferrogel samples. DC-SQUID measurements of Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared in the presence of a uniform magnetic field showed 9% higher magnetization compared to the Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared without magnetic field. Similarly, DC-SQUID measurements of Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared in the presence of a uniform magnetic field showed 3% higher magnetization compared to the Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared without magnetic field. Thus, the presence of a uniform magnetic field during ferrogel polymerization can enabled the enhancement of the magnetoelastic property of the ferrogel. C1 [Suthar, Kamlesh J.; Ilavsky, Jan; Mancini, Derrick C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Suthar, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-380-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2012 VL 1403 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1557/opl.2012.701 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BCB15 UT WOS:000309561200002 ER PT J AU Zhang, JX Zeches, RJ He, Q Chu, YH Ramesh, R AF Zhang, J. X. Zeches, R. J. He, Q. Chu, Y. -H. Ramesh, R. TI Nanoscale phase boundaries: a new twist to novel functionalities SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID BIFEO3 THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL PIEZOELECTRICS; LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; FIELD-INDUCED STRAINS; ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ISOMORPHOUS TRANSITION; ELECTRICAL CONTROL; EPITAXIAL STRAIN; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB In functional materials, nanoscale phase boundaries exhibit exotic phenomena that are notably absent in their parent phases. Over the past two decades, much of the research into complex oxides (such as cuprate superconductors, CMR manganites and relaxor ferroelectrics) has demonstrated the key role that nanoscale inhomogeneities play in controlling the electronic and/or ionic structure of these materials. One of the key characteristics in such systems is the strong susceptibility to external perturbations, such as magnetic, electric and mechanical fields. A direct consequence of the accommodation of a large number of cationic substitutions in complex oxides is the emergence of a number of physical phenomena from essentially the same crystal framework. Recently, multiferroic behavior, which is characterized by the co-existence and potential coupling of multiple ferroic order parameters, has captured considerable worldwide research interest. The perovskite, BiFeO3, exhibits robust ferroelectricity coupled with antiferromagnetism at room temperature. A rather unique feature of this material system is its ability to "morph" its ground state when an external mechanical constraint is imposed on it. A particularly striking example is observed when a large (similar to 4 to 5%) compressive strain is imposed on a thin film through the epitaxial constraint from the underlying substrate. Under these conditions, the ground state rhombohedral phase transforms into a tetragonal-like (or a derivative thereof) phase with a rather large unit cell (c/a ratio of similar to 1.26). When the epitaxial constraint is partially relaxed by increasing the film thickness, this tetragonal-like phase evolves into a "mixed-phase" state, consisting of a nanoscale admixture of the rhombohedral-like phase embedded in the tetragonal-like phase. Such a system gives us a new pathway to explore a variety of mechanical, magnetic and transport phenomena in constrained dimensions. This article reviews our progress to date in this direction and also captures some possible areas of future research. We use the electromechanical response and the magnetic properties as examples to illustrate that its novel functionalities are intrinsically due to the phase boundaries and not the constituent phases. The possible origin of the giant piezoelectric response and enhanced magnetic moment across the boundaries is proposed based on the flexoelectric and flexomagnetic effects. C1 [Zhang, J. X.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, J. X.] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zeches, R. J.; Chu, Y. -H.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [He, Q.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, Y. -H.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. RP Zhang, JX (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jxzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; He, Qing/E-3202-2010 OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; NR 118 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 12 U2 149 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 20 BP 6196 EP 6204 DI 10.1039/c2nr31174g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 035UW UT WOS:000310976800007 PM 22948414 ER PT J AU Lin, YG Hsu, YK Chen, YC Chen, LC Chen, SY Chen, KH AF Lin, Yan-Gu Hsu, Yu-Kuei Chen, Ying-Chu Chen, Li-Chyong Chen, San-Yuan Chen, Kuei-Hsien TI Visible-light-driven photocatalytic carbon-doped porous ZnO nanoarchitectures for solar water-splitting SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRE ARRAYS; CRYSTAL AB C-doped ZnO hierarchically porous nanoarchitectures were synthesized in situ on indium tin oxide (ITO) through a counter strategy. The PEC performance of the C-doped ZnO nanoarchitectures in the splitting of water without sacrificial reagents was systematically evaluated for the first time. In comparison to other ZnO-based photoanodes in the literature, C-doped ZnO nanoarchitectures exhibit a striking photoresponse. Not only do they have a maximum IPCE value of 95%, but they also have an IPCE at the monochromatic wavelength of 400 nm as high as 26.6%, implying that modification by doping with carbon substantially improves the light utilization and conversion efficiency in the visible region of interest over those obtained using a conventional ZnO structure. This model hybrid photoanode will enable us to design high-activity, high-stability visible-light-driven photoelectrodes in the future. C1 [Chen, Ying-Chu; Chen, Li-Chyong; Chen, Kuei-Hsien] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Lin, Yan-Gu; Chen, Kuei-Hsien] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hsu, Yu-Kuei] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Optoelect Engn, Hualien 97401, Taiwan. [Chen, San-Yuan] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Lin, Yan-Gu] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, LC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM yglin@anl.gov; chenlc@ntu.edu.tw; chenkh@pub.iams.sinica.edu.tw RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; sinica, iams/F-4084-2012; Chen, Kuei-Hsien/F-7924-2012; Hsu, Yu-Kuei/H-6591-2014; Chen, Li-Chyong/B-1705-2015 OI Chen, Li-Chyong/0000-0001-6373-7729 FU National Science Council; Ministry of Education; Academia Sinica (Core Facilities), Taiwan; AOARD under AFOSR, US; NSC; IAMS; NTU; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center FX This work was supported by the National Science Council, Ministry of Education, Academia Sinica (Core Facilities), Taiwan, and AOARD under AFOSR, US. We gratefully thank NSC, IAMS, NTU, and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center for financial support for this project. NR 23 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 11 U2 101 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 20 BP 6515 EP 6519 DI 10.1039/c2nr31800h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 035UW UT WOS:000310976800050 PM 22965114 ER PT S AU Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Lake, PT Phair, L AF Moretto, L. G. Elliott, J. B. Lake, P. T. Phair, L. BE Niksic, T Milin, M Vretenar, D Szilner, S TI New Wrinkles on an Old Model: Correlation Between Liquid Drop Parameters and Curvature Term SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Opatija, CROATIA SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts DE liquid drop model; leptodermous expansion; curvature ID NUCLEAR-MASSES; DEFORMATIONS AB The relationship between the volume and the surface energy coefficients in the liquid drop A(-1/3) expansion of nuclear masses is discussed. The volume and surface coefficients share the same physical origin and their physical connection is used to extend the expansion with a curvature term. This connection between coefficients is used to fit the experimental nuclear masses. The excellent fit obtained with a smaller number of parameters validates the assumed physical connections and the usefulness of the curvature term. C1 [Moretto, L. G.; Lake, P. T.; Phair, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Elliott, J. B.] Lawrence Livermore Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Energy Research; Office of High Energy; Nuclear Physics; Division of Nuclear Physics U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was also performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1103-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1491 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1063/1.4764206 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK80 UT WOS:000310504400018 ER PT S AU Orrigo, SEA Rubio, B Fujita, Y Blank, B Gelletly, W Agramunt, J Algora, A Ascher, P Bilgier, B Caceres, L Cakirli, RB Fujita, H Ganioglu, E Gerbaux, M Giovinazzo, J Grevy, S Kamalou, O Kozer, HC Kucuk, L Kurtukian-Nieto, T Molina, F Popescu, L Rogers, AM Susoy, G Stodel, C Suzuki, T Tamii, A Thomas, JC AF Orrigo, S. E. A. Rubio, B. Fujita, Y. Blank, B. Gelletly, W. Agramunt, J. Algora, A. Ascher, P. Bilgier, B. Caceres, L. Cakirli, R. B. Fujita, H. Ganioglu, E. Gerbaux, M. Giovinazzo, J. Grevy, S. Kamalou, O. Kozer, H. C. Kucuk, L. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Molina, F. Popescu, L. Rogers, A. M. Susoy, G. Stodel, C. Suzuki, T. Tamii, A. Thomas, J. C. BE Niksic, T Milin, M Vretenar, D Szilner, S TI Beta Decay Of Exotic T-Z =-1 And T-Z =-2 Nuclei SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Opatija, CROATIA SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts DE beta decay; Gamow-Teller transitions; Charge-exchange reactions; Isospin symmetry; Proton-rich-nuclei; Zn-56; Zn-58; Decay by proton emission AB The half-lives of the T-Z = -2, Zn-56 and T-Z = -1, Zn-58 isotopes and other nuclei were measured in a beta-decay experiment at GANIL. The energy levels populated by the Zn-56 beta decay were determined. The Zn-56 results are compared with the results of the mirror process, the charge exchange reaction Fe-56(He-3,t)Co-56. C1 [Orrigo, S. E. A.; Rubio, B.; Agramunt, J.; Algora, A.; Molina, F.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Fujita, Y.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Blank, B.; Ascher, P.; Bilgier, B.; Gerbaux, M.; Giovinazzo, J.; Grevy, S.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Susoy, G.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignam, Gradignan, France. [Gelletly, W.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. [Bilgier, B.; Cakirli, R. B.; Ganioglu, E.; Kozer, H. C.; Kucuk, L.; Susoy, G.] Istanbul Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. [Caceres, L.; Kamalou, O.; Stodel, C.; Thomas, J. C.] Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen, France. [Fujita, H.; Suzuki, T.; Tamii, A.] Osaka Univ, Ctr Res Nucl Phys, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Molina, F.] Comision Chilena Energ Nucl, Santiago, Chile. [Popescu, L.] Univ Ghent, Vakgrp Subatomaire Stralingsfysica, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Rogers, A. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Orrigo, SEA (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. RI Popescu, Lucia/F-9964-2011; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Rubio, Berta/M-1060-2014; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015 OI Popescu, Lucia/0000-0003-1678-4260; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Rubio, Berta/0000-0002-9149-4151; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794 FU Spanish MICINN [FPA2008-06419-C02-01, FPA2011-24553]; CPAN Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme [CSD2007-00042]; MEXT, Japan [18540270]; JSPS; CSIC FX This work was supported under the Spanish MICINN grants FPA2008-06419-C02-01, FPA2011-24553; CPAN Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CSD2007-00042; MEXT, Japan 18540270; and Japan-Spain collaboration program of JSPS and CSIC NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1103-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1491 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1063/1.4764207 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK80 UT WOS:000310504400019 ER PT S AU Kroll, J Baramsai, B Becker, JA Becvar, F Bredeweg, TA Couture, A Chyzh, A Dashdorj, D Haight, RC Heil, M Jandel, M Kappeler, F Krticka, M Mitchell, GE O'Donnell, JM Parker, W Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Valenta, S Vieira, DJ Walker, CL Wilhelmy, JB Wouters, JM Wu, CY AF Kroll, J. Baramsai, B. Becker, J. A. Becvar, F. Bredeweg, T. A. Couture, A. Chyzh, A. Dashdorj, D. Haight, R. C. Heil, M. Jandel, M. Kaeppeler, F. Krticka, M. Mitchell, G. E. O'Donnell, J. M. Parker, W. Reifarth, R. Rundberg, R. S. Ullmann, J. L. Valenta, S. Vieira, D. J. Walker, C. L. Wilhelmy, J. B. Wouters, J. M. Wu, C. Y. BE Niksic, T Milin, M Vretenar, D Szilner, S TI Scissors Mode of Gd Nuclei Studied from Resonance Neutron Capture SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Opatija, CROATIA SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts DE Photon strength functions; Level density; Scissors Mode; Extreme statistical model ID GAMMA-CASCADES; DANCE ARRAY; SCATTERING; GD-156 AB Spectra of gamma rays following the neutron capture at isolated resonances of stable Gd nuclei were measured. The objectives were to get new information on photon strength of Gd-153,Gd-155-159 with emphasis on the role of the M1 scissors-mode vibration. An analysis of the data obtained clearly indicates that the scissors mode is coupled not only to the ground state, but also to all excited levels of the nuclei studied. The specificity of our approach ensures unbiasedness in estimating the sumed scissors-mode strength Sigma B(M1)up arrow, even for odd product nuclei, for which conventional nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements yield only limited information. Our analysis indicates that for these nuclei the sum Sigma B(M1)up arrow increases with A and for Gd-157,Gd-159 it is significantly higher compared to Gd-156,Gd-158. C1 [Kroll, J.; Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.; Valenta, S.; Vieira, D. J.] Charles Univ Prague, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Baramsai, B.; Chyzh, A.; Mitchell, G. E.; Walker, C. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Baramsai, B.; Chyzh, A.; Mitchell, G. E.; Walker, C. L.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Becker, J. A.; Chyzh, A.; Dashdorj, D.; Parker, W.; Wu, C. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A.; Haight, R. C.; Jandel, M.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.; Wilhelmy, J. B.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Heil, M.; Reifarth, R.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-4291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Kaeppeler, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Phys Nucl, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Reifarth, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Kroll, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-NA0001784, DE-FG02-97- ER41042]; Czech Science Foundation [13-07117S]; Los Alamos National Security, LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LLNL [DE-AC52- 07NA27344] FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy Grants No. DE-NA0001784 and No. DE-FG02-97- ER41042 and by the grant No. 13-07117S of the Czech Science Foundation. This work benefited from the use of the LANSCE accelerator and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and LLNL contract No. DE-AC52- 07NA27344. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1103-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1491 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1063/1.4764235 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK80 UT WOS:000310504400047 ER PT S AU Back, BB AF Back, B. B. CA HELIOS Collaboration BE Niksic, T Milin, M Vretenar, D Szilner, S TI Light Ion Transfer Reactions with the HELIOS Spectrometer SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Opatija, CROATIA SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts DE Transfer reactions; spectrometer ID STATES; BEAMS; CORE AB Light-ion induced transfer and inelastic scattering reactions on stable or long-lived targets have been used extensively to study the structure of nuclei near the line of beta-stability, and much of the detailed information on the single-particle structure of nuclei has been derived from such studies. Recently, however, a substantial expansion of the range of isotopes, for which this nuclear structure information can be obtained, has presented itself by using radioactive beams in inverse kinematics reactions. Such beams are now available at a number of facilities around the world, including the in-flight production method and CARIBU facility at ATLAS. The HELIOS spectrometer, which has been used since August 2008 at ATLAS, circumvents many of the problems associated with inverse kinematics. In this talk I will discuss the principle of the spectrometer as well as some of main physics results that have been obtained to date in nuclei ranging from B-13 to Xe-137 using both stable and radioactive beams. C1 [Back, B. B.; HELIOS Collaboration] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1103-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1491 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1063/1.4764269 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK80 UT WOS:000310504400081 ER PT S AU Hupin, G Quaglioni, S Navratil, P AF Hupin, G. Quaglioni, S. Navratil, P. BE Niksic, T Milin, M Vretenar, D Szilner, S TI Ab Initio Calculations of Light-Ion Fusion Reactions SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Opatija, CROATIA SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts DE Ab initio method; light ion reactions AB The exact treatment of nuclei starting from the constituent nucleons and the fundamental interactions among them has been a long-standing goal in nuclear physics. Above all nuclear scattering and reactions, which require the solution of the many-body quantum-mechanical problem in the continuum, represent an extraordinary theoretical as well as computational challenge for ab initio approaches. The ab initio No-Core Shell Model/Resonating-Group Method (NCSM/RGM) [1, 2, 3, 4] complements a microscopic cluster technique with the use of realistic interactions, and a microscopic and consistent description of the nucleon clusters. This approach is capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states in light nuclei. Recent applications to light nuclei scattering and fusion reactions relevant to energy production in stars and Earth based fusion facilities, such as the deuterium-He-3 fusion [4], are presented. Progress toward the inclusion of the three nucleon force into the formalism is outlined. C1 [Hupin, G.; Quaglioni, S.; Navratil, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hupin, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1103-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1491 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1063/1.4764284 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK80 UT WOS:000310504400096 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE AF Feinendegen, L. E. TI The Auger effect in biology and medicine SO NUKLEARMEDIZIN-NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RADIATION C1 [Feinendegen, L. E.] Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Feinendegen, L. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5566 J9 NUKLEARMED-NUCL MED JI Nuklearmedizin PY 2012 VL 51 IS 5 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 021QR UT WOS:000309900900001 PM 23037133 ER PT J AU Standen, PE Dodia, D Elsegood, MRJ Teat, SJ Kimber, MC AF Standen, Patricia E. Dodia, Dharati Elsegood, Mark R. J. Teat, Simon J. Kimber, Marc C. TI The stereochemical outcome of allyl magnesium and indium additions to 5-substituted norbornen-7-ones and its application to cis fused carbocycle formation via ring rearrangement metathesis SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OLEFIN METATHESIS; DAPHNIPHYLLUM; ALKALOIDS AB The addition of allyl magnesium and allyl indium reagents to a key TBS protected norbornenyl building block, synthesised in 6-steps from commercially available 1,1-dimethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene, has been achieved providing the syn addition products with high diastereoselectivity. The subsequent exposure of the addition products to metathesis conditions, in the presence of ethene, then provided cis fused[3.0.3]-carbocycles with very high regioselectivity, via a Ring Rearrangement Metathesis (RRM) transformation. C1 [Standen, Patricia E.; Dodia, Dharati; Elsegood, Mark R. J.; Kimber, Marc C.] Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kimber, MC (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM M.C.Kimber@lboro.ac.uk RI Elsegood, Mark/K-1663-2013; Kimber, Marc/B-1472-2010 OI Elsegood, Mark/0000-0002-8984-4175; Kimber, Marc/0000-0003-2943-1974 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Chemistry at Loughborough University FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Department of Chemistry at Loughborough University, as well as NMR analysis by Dr Mark Edgar (Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2012 VL 10 IS 43 BP 8669 EP 8676 DI 10.1039/c2ob26784e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 025SX UT WOS:000310215700018 PM 23032707 ER PT J AU Kim, B Li, ZJ Kay, BD Dohnalek, Z Kim, YK AF Kim, Boseong Li, Zhenjun Kay, Bruce D. Dohnalek, Zdenek Kim, Yu Kwon TI The effect of oxygen vacancies on the binding interactions of NH3 with rutile TiO2(110)-1 x 1 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; ADSORPTION; TIO2; AMMONIA; PHOTOCATALYSTS; PHYSISORPTION; DISSOCIATION AB A series of NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra were taken after dosing NH3 at 70 K on rutile TiO2(110)-1 x 1 surfaces with oxygen vacancy (V-O) concentrations of similar to 0% (p-TiO2) and 5% (r-TiO2), respectively, to study the effect of V(O)s on the desorption energy of NH3 as a function of coverage, theta. Our results show that in the zero coverage limit, the desorption energy of NH3 on r-TiO2 is 115 kJ mol(-1), which is 10 kJ mol(-1) less than that on p-TiO2. The desorption energy from the Ti4+ sites decreases with increasing theta due to repulsive NH3-NH3 interactions and approaches similar to 55 kJ mol(-1) upon the saturation of Ti4+ sites (theta = 1 monolayer, ML) on both p- and r-TiO2. The absolute monolayer saturation coverage is determined to be about 10% smaller on r-TiO2 than that on p-TiO2. Additionally, the trailing edges of the NH3 TPD spectra on the hydroxylated TiO2(110) (h-TiO2) appear to be the same as that on r-TiO2 while those on oxidized TiO2(110) (o-TiO2) shift to higher temperatures. We present a detailed analysis of the results and reconcile the observed differences based on the repulsive adsorbate-adsorbate dipole interactions between neighboring NH3 molecules and the surface charge associated with the presence of V(O)s. C1 [Kim, Boseong; Kim, Yu Kwon] Ajou Univ, Dept Energy Syst Res, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Kim, Boseong; Kim, Yu Kwon] Ajou Univ, Dept Chem, Suwon 443749, South Korea. [Li, Zhenjun; Kay, Bruce D.; Dohnalek, Zdenek] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, YK (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Energy Syst Res, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM yukwonkim@ajou.ac.kr RI Kim, Boseong/B-1338-2013 OI Kim, Boseong/0000-0002-9421-7141 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0010780] FX A portion of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences, and performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. Y. K. Kim acknowledges financial support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0010780). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 43 BP 15060 EP 15065 DI 10.1039/c2cp42754k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 023AQ UT WOS:000310005700039 PM 23034737 ER PT J AU Ileri, N Letant, SE Palazoglu, A Stroeve, P Tringe, JW Faller, R AF Ileri, Nazar Letant, Sonia E. Palazoglu, Ahmet Stroeve, Pieter Tringe, Joseph W. Faller, Roland TI Mesoscale simulations of biomolecular transport through nanofilters with tapered and cylindrical geometries SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES; POLYMER BRUSHES; CONICAL NANOPORES; EWALD SUMS; DIFFUSION; TRANSLOCATION; SEPARATION AB Molecular transport properties in short cylindrical and pyramidal nanopores are investigated by mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics simulations. We examine the effect of pore geometry, size, flow direction, particle diameter and electrostatic forces on membrane flux, selectivity and fouling. Biomolecules of various sizes are represented by spherical particles as they move through nanopores. The highest molecular concentration in pores is obtained with a cylindrical geometry, whereas the lowest concentration is obtained with a pyramidal geometry when the molecular transport direction is from large to small pore opening. This reveals a higher tendency for fouling in cylindrical pores relative to pyramidal pores. In general, increasing pore size and decreasing molecular diameter increase diffusion and fluxes, as expected, and the highest fluxes are achieved when the molecule is in neutral state. For large, short pores, higher diffusion rates are achieved with a cylindrical geometry compared to a pyramidal geometry. For pore: particle diameter ratios below 10, highly restricted motion is observed. In the presence of electrostatic forces, the molecular separation potential of pyramidal pores is 1.5 x higher relative to short cylindrical pores, although the diffusion rate with cylindrical pores is 1.8 x higher. Finally, we demonstrate that decreasing the pore size by a factor of 1.2 can reduce the pore molecular concentration by at least a factor of 3 for all pore types. This finding is consistent with a surprising recent experimental study in which larger ceramic pores were observed to foul much faster than smaller pores. C1 [Ileri, Nazar; Palazoglu, Ahmet; Stroeve, Pieter; Faller, Roland] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ileri, Nazar; Letant, Sonia E.; Tringe, Joseph W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Faller, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nileri@ucdavis.edu; rfaller@ucdavis.edu FU University of California System wide Biotechnology Research & Education Program GREAT Training grant; LLNL LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was partially supported by the University of California System wide Biotechnology Research & Education Program GREAT Training grant 2007-03 and by LLNL LDRD. Parts of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 43 BP 15066 EP 15077 DI 10.1039/c2cp42577g PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 023AQ UT WOS:000310005700040 PM 23034638 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, CR Widlund, OB AF Dohrmann, Clark R. Widlund, Olof B. TI AN ITERATIVE SUBSTRUCTURING ALGORITHM FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS IN H(CURL) SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE domain decomposition; iterative substructuring; H(curl); Maxwell's equations; preconditioners; irregular subdomain boundaries; discontinuous coefficients ID EDGE ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD; PRIMAL FETI ALGORITHMS; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; OVERLAPPING SCHWARZ; FINITE-ELEMENTS; 2 DIMENSIONS; INCOMPRESSIBLE ELASTICITY; SUBDOMAINS; SPACES AB A domain decomposition algorithm, similar to classical iterative substructuring algorithms, is presented for two-dimensional problems in the space H-0(curl; Omega). It is defined in terms of a coarse space and local subspaces associated with individual edges of the subdomains into which the domain of the problem has been subdivided. The algorithm differs from others in three basic respects. First, it can be implemented in an algebraic manner that does not require access to individual subdomain matrices or a coarse discretization of the domain; this is in contrast to algorithms of the BDDC, FETI-DP, and classical two-level overlapping Schwarz families. Second, favorable condition number bounds can be established over a broader range of subdomain material properties than in previous studies. Third, we are able to develop theory for quite irregular subdomains and bounds for the condition number of our preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, which depend only on a few geometric parameters. The coarse space for the algorithm is based on simple energy minimization concepts, and its dimension equals the number of subdomain edges. Numerical results are presented which confirm the theory and demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm for a variety of mesh decompositions and distributions of material properties. C1 [Dohrmann, Clark R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Analyst Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Widlund, Olof B.] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyst Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM crdohrm@sandia.gov; widlund@cims.nyu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER25718]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0914954]; Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Department of Mathematics of the Chinese University of Hong Kong FX Analystical Structural Dynamics Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185 (crdohrm@sandia.gov). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000.; Courant Institute, New York, NY 10012 (widlund@cims.nyu.edu, http://www.cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/widlund). This author's work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-06ER25718 and in part by National Science Foundation grant DMS-0914954. Part of the work of this author was also supported by the Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the Department of Mathematics of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1004 EP 1028 DI 10.1137/100818145 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 025RQ UT WOS:000310210700002 ER PT J AU Connors, JM Howell, JS Layton, WJ AF Connors, Jeffrey M. Howell, Jason S. Layton, William J. TI DECOUPLED TIME STEPPING METHODS FOR FLUID-FLUID INTERACTION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE semi-implicit; fluid-fluid interaction; atmosphere-ocean; implicit-explicit method ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS AB A model of two incompressible Newtonian fluids coupled across a common interface is studied. The nonlinearity of the coupling condition exacerbates the problem of decoupling the fluid calculations in each subdomain, a natural parallelization strategy employed in current climate models. A specialized partitioned time stepping method is studied which decouples the discrete fluid equations without sacrificing stability and maintaining convergence. This is accomplished through explicit updating of the size of the jump in tangential velocities across the fluid-fluid interface by a geometric averaging of this data over the previous two time levels. A full numerical analysis is presented and computational tests are performed demonstrating the robustness of this method. C1 [Connors, Jeffrey M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Howell, Jason S.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Layton, William J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Connors, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM connors4@llnl.gov; jhowell@clarkson.edu; wjl@pitt.edu OI Howell, Jason/0000-0003-4696-8482 FU NSF [DMS 0508260, 0810385]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-490264]; Center for Nonlinear Analysis (CNA) under National Science Foundation [DMS-0635983] FX Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 (connors4@llnl.gov). The first author's work was partially supported by NSF grants DMS 0508260 and 0810385. This author's work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-490264.; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5815 (jhowell@clarkson.edu). The second author's work supported by the Center for Nonlinear Analysis (CNA) under National Science Foundation grant DMS-0635983. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 EI 1095-7170 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1297 EP 1319 DI 10.1137/090773362 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 025RQ UT WOS:000310210700014 ER PT J AU Kreiss, HO Petersson, NA AF Kreiss, Heinz-Otto Petersson, N. Anders TI BOUNDARY ESTIMATES FOR THE ELASTIC WAVE EQUATION IN ALMOST INCOMPRESSIBLE MATERIALS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE normal mode analysis; elastic wave propagation; surface waves; grid points per wave length AB We study the half-plane problem for the elastic wave equation subject to a free surface boundary condition, with particular emphasis on almost incompressible materials. A normal mode analysis is developed to estimate the solution in terms of the boundary data, showing that the problem is boundary stable. The dependence on the material properties, which is difficult to analyze by the energy method, is made transparent by our estimates. The normal mode technique is used to analyze the influence of truncation errors in a finite difference approximation. Our analysis explains why the number of grid points per wave length must be increased when the shear modulus (mu) becomes small compared to the first Lame parameter (lambda), that is, for almost incompressible materials. When the surface waves are scaled to have unit wave length, our analysis predicts that the grid size must be proportional to (mu/lambda)(1/2) for a second order method. For a fourth order method, the grid size can be proportional to (mu/lambda)(1/4). Numerical experiments confirm these scalings and illustrate the superior efficiency of a fourth order method. C1 [Petersson, N. Anders] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kreiss, Heinz-Otto] Trasko Storo Inst Math, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Petersson, NA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hokreiss@nada.kth.se; andersp@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Received by the editors May 31, 2011; accepted for publication (in revised form) April 26, 2012; published electronically June 5, 2012. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is contribution LLNL-JRNL-482152. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1556 EP 1580 DI 10.1137/110832847 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 025RQ UT WOS:000310210700025 ER PT J AU Scheichl, R Vassilevski, PS Zikatanov, LT AF Scheichl, Robert Vassilevski, Panayot S. Zikatanov, Ludmil T. TI MULTILEVEL METHODS FOR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH HIGHLY VARYING COEFFICIENTS ON NONALIGNED COARSE GRIDS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE coarse spaces; multigrid; overlapping Schwarz method; large coefficient jumps ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONERS; LEAST-SQUARES FOSLS; DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS; SCHWARZ METHODS; SUBSPACE CORRECTIONS; ADDITIVE SCHWARZ; CONVERGENCE; ALGORITHMS; SPACE AB In this paper we generalize the analysis of classical multigrid and two-level overlapping Schwarz methods for 2nd order elliptic boundary value problems to problems with large discontinuities in the coefficients that are not resolved by the coarse grids or the subdomain partition. The theoretical results provide a recipe for designing hierarchies of standard piecewise linear coarse spaces such that the multigrid convergence rate and the condition number of the Schwarz preconditioned system do not depend on the coefficient variation or on any mesh parameters. An assumption we have to make is that the coarse grids are sufficiently fine in the vicinity of cross points or where regions with large diffusion coefficients are separated by a narrow region where the coefficient is small. We do not need to align them with possible discontinuities in the coefficients. The proofs make use of novel stable splittings based on weighted quasi-interpolants and weighted Poincare-type inequalities. Numerical experiments are included that illustrate the sharpness of the theoretical bounds and the necessity of the technical assumptions. C1 [Scheichl, Robert] Univ Bath, Dept Math Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Vassilevski, Panayot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Zikatanov, Ludmil T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Scheichl, R (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Math Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM R.Scheichl@bath.ac.uk; panayot@llnl.gov; ltz@math.psu.edu RI Zikatanov, Ludmil/F-9365-2010; OI Zikatanov, Ludmil/0000-0002-5189-4230; Scheichl, Robert/0000-0001-8493-4393 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0810982, OCI-0749202] FX Received by the editors August 13, 2010; accepted for publication (in revised form) January 15, 2012; published electronically June 21, 2012. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights.; Department of Mathematics, 218 McAllister Building, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802 (ltz@math.psu.edu). This author's work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, DMS-0810982 and OCI-0749202. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1675 EP 1694 DI 10.1137/100805248 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 025RQ UT WOS:000310210700030 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Martin, LR Schmitt, NC AF Mincher, Bruce J. Martin, Leigh R. Schmitt, Nicholas C. TI DIAMYLAMYLPHOSPHONATE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF AM(VI) FROM NUCLEAR FUEL RAFFINATE SIMULANT SOLUTION SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Americium; americium oxidation; americium extraction; minor actinides; separation; sodium bismuthate; phosphonate ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SEPARATION; AMERICIUM AB The separation of hexavalent americium from the lanthanides in simulated PUREX raffinate solution using 1 M diamylamylphosphonate in dodecane extraction was investigated. Hexavalent americium was prepared using room-temperature sodium bismuthate oxidation. Under these conditions the majority of the lanthanides were not oxidized and remained inextractable. A separation factor of similar to 50 was provided for americium from europium over the nitric acid concentration range 6-7 M. Cerium was the exception with oxidation to Ce-IV resulting in its co-extraction with Am-VI. However, since americium is readily reduced to Am-III it was easily stripped with a dilute acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide. Although hydrogen peroxide also reduces cerium, it does so slowly, and a selective americium strip was achieved, with a separation factor of as high as 35. Alternatively, since americium spontaneously reduced in the loaded organic phase, samples allowed to stand for 2 hours could be selectively stripped of americium by contact with 1 M HNO3 containing no additional reagents. Further, the separation was demonstrated using solutions containing macro-amounts of cerium and americium. The implications for use in fuel cycle separations are discussed. C1 [Mincher, Bruce J.; Martin, Leigh R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Schmitt, Nicholas C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Chem & Radiat Measurements Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110; FU U.S. Department of Energy; DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, under the Fuel Cycle Research and Development Minor Actinide Separations sigma-team; DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. The authors thank E. P. Horwitz, for initially suggesting the use of DAAP as an AmVI extraction ligand. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 5 BP 445 EP 456 DI 10.1080/07366299.2012.671108 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 026YQ UT WOS:000310319400002 ER PT J AU Densmore, JD AF Densmore, Jeffery D. TI Spatial Moments of Continuous Transport Problems Computed on Grids SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Transport Theory (ICTT) CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Portland, OR DE method of moments; singular-eigenfunction method; fourier transform AB The method of moments is a well-known technique for determining exact expressions for spatial and angular moments of radiation distributions in infinite, homogeneous media. These moments can further be used to calculate other quantities of interest. We examine how the method of moments is altered when the underlying transport problem is spatially continuous but involves a grid and moments are computed on this grid instead of through integration over the entire domain. For the problem we consider, we employ both singular-eigenfunction and Fourier-transform approaches to show that when moments are evaluated in this manner (i) the flux-weighted average of x remains equal to the source-weighted average of x, but (ii) the flux-weighted average of (x - x(a))(2) is greater than the source-weighted average of (x - x(a))(2) by an additional error term, where x is the spatial variable and x(a) is an arbitrary point. We also demonstrate that the two resulting expressions for this error term are equivalent. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Densmore, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jdd@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 389 EP 405 DI 10.1080/00411450.2012.671223 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 027BS UT WOS:000310327400006 ER PT S AU Higemoto, W Ito, TU Ninomiya, K Heffner, RH Shimomura, K Nishiyama, K Miyake, Y AF Higemoto, W. Ito, T. U. Ninomiya, K. Heffner, R. H. Shimomura, K. Nishiyama, K. Miyake, Y. BE Luke, GM Sonier, J TI Muon Beam Slicer at J-PARC MUSE SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND RESONANCE (MUSR2011) SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (muSR) CY MAY 16-20, 2011 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP TRIUMF, Canadian Nat Sci & Engn Res Council (NSERC), Canadian Inst Adv Res (CIFAR), Simon Fraser Univ, Dehnel - Particle Accelerator Components & Engn Inc (D-Pace), Commun & Power Ind (CPI) AB We have developed experimental equipment at the J-PARC MLF muon science facility (MUSE) for muon spin rotation/relaxation experiments. To overcome the limited time resolution which comes from the time structure of the proton beam, the "muon beam slicer" is installed at the extraction part of the decay muon line. Here we report the detail of the muon beam slicer C1 [Higemoto, W.; Ito, T. U.; Ninomiya, K.; Heffner, R. H.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Higemoto, W.; Ito, T. U.; Ninomiya, K.; Shimomura, K.; Nishiyama, K.; Miyake, Y.] J PARC Ctr, Mat & Life Sci Div, Muon Sect, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Heffner, R. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shimomura, K.; Nishiyama, K.; Miyake, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Org, Muon Science Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Higemoto, W (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM higemoto.wataru@jaea.go.jp NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2012 VL 30 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.04.033 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCB14 UT WOS:000309552100007 ER PT S AU Suter, A Morenzoni, E Prokscha, T Luetkens, H Wojek, BM Logvenov, G Gozar, A Bozovic, I AF Suter, A. Morenzoni, E. Prokscha, T. Luetkens, H. Wojek, B. M. Logvenov, G. Gozar, A. Bozovic, I. BE Luke, GM Sonier, J TI Superconductivity in La1.56Sr0.44CuO4/La2CuO4 superlattices SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND RESONANCE (MUSR2011) SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (muSR) CY MAY 16-20, 2011 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP TRIUMF, Canadian Nat Sci & Engn Res Council (NSERC), Canadian Inst Adv Res (CIFAR), Simon Fraser Univ, Dehnel - Particle Accelerator Components & Engn Inc (D-Pace), Commun & Power Ind (CPI) DE mu SR; superlattices; superconductivity ID OXIDES; INTERFACE AB Superlattices of the repeated structure La1.56Sr0.44CuO4/La2CuO4 (LSCO-LCO), where none of the constituents is superconducting, show a superconducting transition of T-c similar or equal to 25 K. In order to elucidate the nature of the superconducting state we have performed a low-energy mu SR study. By applying a magnetic field parallel (Meissner state) and perpendicular (vortex state) to the film planes, we could show that superconductivity is sheet like, resulting in a very anisotropic superconducting state. This result is consistent with a simple charge-transfer model, which takes into account the layered structure and the difference in the chemical potential between LCO and LSCO, as well as Sr interdiffusion. Using a pancake-vortex model we could estimate a strict upper limit of the London penetration depth to 380 nm in these superlattices. The temperature dependence of the muon depolarization rate in field cooling experiments is very similar to what is observed in intercalated BSCCO and suggests that vortex-vortex interaction is dominated by electromagnetic coupling but negligible Josephson interaction. C1 [Suter, A.; Morenzoni, E.; Prokscha, T.; Luetkens, H.; Wojek, B. M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Wojek, B. M.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich 8057, Switzerland. [Logvenov, G.; Gozar, A.; Bozovic, I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Logvenov, G.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart 70569, Germany. RP Suter, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM andreas.suter@psi.ch RI Luetkens, Hubertus/G-1831-2011; OI Wojek, Bastian M./0000-0002-8216-5321 FU U.S. Departmentof Energy [MA-509-MACA] FX The mu SR experiments were fully performed at the S mu S. The work at BNL was supported by the U.S. Departmentof Energy Project MA-509-MACA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2012 VL 30 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.04.089 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCB14 UT WOS:000309552100063 ER PT S AU Anzt, H Tomov, S Dongarra, J Heuveline, V AF Anzt, Hartwig Tomov, Stanimire Dongarra, Jack Heuveline, Vincent GP IEEE TI A Block-Asynchronous Relaxation Method for Graphics Processing Units SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Asynchronous Relaxation; Chaotic Iteration; Graphics Processing Units (GPUs); Jacobi Method ID CONVERGENCE AB In this paper, we analyze the potential of asynchronous relaxation methods on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). For this purpose, we developed a set of asynchronous iteration algorithms in CUDA and compared them with a parallel implementation of synchronous relaxation methods on CPU-based systems. For a set of test matrices taken from the University of Florida Matrix Collection we monitor the convergence behavior, the average iteration time and the total time-to-solution time. Analyzing the results, we observe that even for our most basic asynchronous relaxation scheme, despite its lower convergence rate compared to the Gauss-Seidel relaxation (that we expected), the asynchronous iteration running on GPUs is still able to provide solution approximations of certain accuracy in considerably shorter time than Gauss-Seidel running on CPUs. Hence, it overcompensates for the slower convergence by exploiting the scalability and the good fit of the asynchronous schemes for the highly parallel GPU architectures. Further, enhancing the most basic asynchronous approach with hybrid schemes - using multiple iterations within the "subdomain" handled by a GPU thread block and Jacobi-like asynchronous updates across the "boundaries", subject to tuning various parameters - we manage to not only recover the loss of global convergence but often accelerate convergence of up to two times (compared to the standard but difficult to parallelize Gauss-Seidel type of schemes), while keeping the execution time of a global iteration practically the same. This shows the high potential of the asynchronous methods not only as a stand alone numerical solver for linear systems of equations fulfilling certain convergence conditions but more importantly as a smoother in multigrid methods. Due to the explosion of parallelism in todays architecture designs, the significance and the need for asynchronous methods, as the ones described in this work, is expected to grow. C1 [Anzt, Hartwig; Heuveline, Vincent] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Anzt, H (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM hartwig.anzt@kit.edu; tomov@cs.utk.edu; dongarra@cs.utk.edu; vincent.heuveline@kit.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy; NVIDIA; Microsoft Research FX Implementation and computations were done at the Innovative Computing Laboratory at the University of Tennessee. The authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, NVIDIA, and Microsoft Research for supporting this research effort. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.11 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400010 ER PT S AU Kartsaklis, C Hernandez, O Hsu, CH Ilsche, T Joubert, W Graham, RL AF Kartsaklis, Christos Hernandez, Oscar Hsu, Chung-Hsing Ilsche, Thomas Joubert, Wayne Graham, Richard L. GP IEEE TI HERCULES: A Pattern Driven Code Transformation System SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID INFRASTRUCTURE AB New parallel computers are emerging, but developing efficient scientific code for them remains difficult. A scientist must manage not only the science-domain complexity but also the performance-optimization complexity. HERCULES is a code transformation system designed to help the scientist to separate the two concerns, which improves code maintenance, and facilitates performance optimization. The system combines three technologies, code patterns, transformation scripts and compiler plugins, to provide the scientist with an environment to quickly implement code transformations that suit his needs. Unlike existing code optimization tools, HERCULES is unique in its focus on user-level accessibility. In this paper we discuss the design, implementation and an initial evaluation of HERCULES. C1 [Kartsaklis, Christos; Hernandez, Oscar; Hsu, Chung-Hsing; Ilsche, Thomas; Graham, Richard L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Applicat Performance Tools Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Joubert, Wayne] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, Sci Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kartsaklis, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Applicat Performance Tools Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kartsaklisc@ornl.gov; oscarh@ornl.gov; hsuc@ornl.gov; ilschett@ornl.gov; joubert@ornl.gov; rlgraham@ornl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory [AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 574 EP 583 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.69 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400070 ER PT S AU Rountree, B Ahn, DH de Supinski, BR Lowenthal, DK Schulz, M AF Rountree, Barry Ahn, Dong H. de Supinski, Bronis R. Lowenthal, David K. Schulz, Martin GP IEEE TI Beyond DVFS: A First Look at Performance Under a Hardware-Enforced Power Bound SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has been the tool of choice for balancing power and performance in high-performance computing (HPC). With the introduction of Intel's Sandy Bridge family of processors, researchers now have a far more attractive option: user-specified, dynamic, hardware-enforced processor power bounds. In this paper we provide a first look at this technology in the HPC environment and detail both the opportunities and potential pitfalls of using this technique to control processor power. As part of this evaluation we measure power and performance for single-processor instances of several of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. Additionally, we focus on the behavior of a single benchmark, MG, under several different power bounds. We quantify the well-known manufacturing variation in processor power efficiency and show that, in the absence of a power bound, this variation has no correlation to performance. We then show that execution under a power bound translates this variation in efficiency into variation in performance. C1 [Rountree, Barry; Ahn, Dong H.; de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lowenthal, David K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Comp Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rountree, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 947 EP 953 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.116 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400117 ER PT S AU Marshall, P Tufo, H Keahey, K AF Marshall, Paul Tufo, Henry Keahey, Kate GP IEEE TI Provisioning Policies for Elastic Computing Environments SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Infrastructure-as-a-Service; cloud computing; elastic computing AB Resources experience dynamic load as demand fluctuates. Therefore, resource providers must estimate the appropriate amount of resources to purchase in order to meet variable user demand. With the relatively recent introduction of infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) clouds (e. g. Amazon EC2) resource providers may choose to outsource demand as needed. As a result, a resource provider may decide to decrease his initial capital outlay and purchase a smaller resource that meets the needs of his users the majority of the time while budgeting for future outsourcing costs. When bursts in demand exceed the capacity of the resource, a resource provider can use elastic computing to outsource excess demand to IaaS clouds based on a defined budget. To create efficient elastic environments, existing services must be extended with elastic computing functionality and resource provisioning policies that match resource deployments with demand must be developed. In this paper we consider an elastic environment that extends a local cluster resource with IaaS resources. We present resource provisioning policies to dynamically match resource supply with demand. Our policies balance the requirements of users and administrators, such as minimizing the monetary cost of the IaaS deployment and reducing job queued time. We develop a discrete event simulator, the elastic cloud simulator (ECS), to evaluate our policies using scientific workloads. Our results demonstrate that by outsourcing on a flexible basis instead of simply provisioning the maximum number of instances preemptively, we reduce the average queued time by up to 58% and cost by 38%. Our results also demonstrate that our multi-variable policies provide more flexibility in balancing budget and time requirements than typical single-variable reference policies, giving resource providers controls to manage their elastic environments. C1 [Marshall, Paul; Tufo, Henry] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Keahey, Kate] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marshall, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM paul.marshall@colorado.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.132 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400134 ER PT S AU Kettimuthu, R Lacinski, L Link, M Pickett, K Tuecke, S Foster, I AF Kettimuthu, Rajkumar Lacinski, Lukasz Link, Mike Pickett, Karl Tuecke, Steve Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI Instant GridFTP SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE GridFTP; Grid data movement; high-speed transfers; secure WAN transfers; GCMU; Globus Online ID SYSTEM AB A foundational need in high-performance computing is to move large (multi-gigabyte and even terabyte) datasets between sites. Simple file transfer mechanisms such as FTP and SCP are not sufficient from either a reliability or performance perspective. GridFTP is the de facto standard protocol for transferring large data files in production Grid/HPC environments. GridFTP extends the standard FTP protocol to provide a high-performance, secure, reliable data transfer protocol optimized for high-bandwidth wide-area networks. The Globus GridFTP implementation has become the preeminent high-performance data transfer tool for the Grid community, with large facilities and projects using it to transfer billions of files per year. We report here on a new product, Globus Connect Multi User (GCMU), that greatly streamlines Globus GridFTP installation and configuration. GCMU packages a GridFTP server, MyProxy Online Certificate Authority, and other components in a manner that avoids the need for any end-user or system administrator involvement in security configuration or credential management. We describe the GCMU design and a GridFTP protocol extension that simplifies transfers across security domains. We also explain how GCMU interacts with the Globus Online software-as-a-service solution. By enabling "instant GridFTP," this work makes the powerful Globus GridFTP tool accessible to nonexpert users and to smaller laboratories and projects. C1 [Kettimuthu, Rajkumar] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kettimuthu, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Tuecke, Steven/0000-0003-2038-2512 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1104 EP 1112 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.134 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400136 ER PT S AU Eckart, B He, XB Wu, CT Aderholdt, F Han, F Scott, S AF Eckart, Ben He, Xubin Wu, Chentao Aderholdt, Ferrol Han, Fang Scott, Stephen GP IEEE TI Distributed Virtual Diskless Checkpointing: A Highly Fault Tolerant Scheme for Virtualized Clusters SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID MIGRATION; MACHINES AB Today's high-end computing systems are facing a crisis of high failure rates due to increased numbers of components. Recent studies have shown that traditional fault tolerant techniques incur overheads that more than double execution times on these highly parallel machines. Thus, future high-end computing must be able to provide adequate fault tolerance at an acceptable cost or the burdens of fault management will severely affect the viability of such systems. Cluster virtualization offers a potentially unique solution for fault management, but brings significant overhead, especially for I/O. In this paper, we propose a novel diskless checkpointing technique on clusters of virtual machines. Our technique splits Virtual Machines into sets of orthogonal RAID systems and distributes parity evenly across the cluster, similar to a RAID-5 configuration, but using VM images as data elements. Our theoretical analysis shows that our technique significantly reduces the overhead associated with checkpointing by removing the disk I/O bottleneck. C1 [Eckart, Ben] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [He, Xubin; Wu, Chentao] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Aderholdt, Ferrol; Han, Fang; Scott, Stephen] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Cookeville, TN USA. [Scott, Stephen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Eckart, B (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM eckart@cmu.edu; xhe2@vcu.edu; wuc4@vcu.edu; wfaderhold2@tntech.edu; fhan42@tntech.edu; sscott@tntech.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-1102624] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their feedback. This research is sponsored in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant CCF-1102624. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1120 EP 1127 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.136 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400138 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Hammond, SD Pennycook, SJ Miller, I Herdman, JA Jarvis, SA AF Wright, S. A. Hammond, S. D. Pennycook, S. J. Miller, I. Herdman, J. A. Jarvis, S. A. GP IEEE TI LDPLFS: Improving I/O Performance Without Application Modification SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Data Storage Systems; File Systems; High Performance Computing; I/O ID ASTROPHYSICAL THERMONUCLEAR FLASHES; CODE; MPI AB Input/Output (I/O) operations can represent a significant proportion of run-time when large scientific applications are run in parallel and at scale. In order to address the growing divergence between processing speeds and I/O performance, the Parallel Log-structured File System (PLFS) has been developed by EMC Corporation and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to improve the performance of parallel file activities. Currently, PLFS requires the use of either (i) the FUSE Linux Kernel module; (ii) a modified MPI library with a customised ROMIO MPI-IO library; or (iii) an application rewrite to utilise the PLFS API directly. In this paper we present an alternative method of utilising PLFS in applications. This method employs a dynamic library to intercept the low-level POSIX operations and retarget them to use the equivalents offered by PLFS. We demonstrate our implementation of this approach, named LDPLFS, on a set of standard UNIX tools, as well on as a set of standard parallel I/O intensive mini-applications. The results demonstrate almost equivalent performance to a modified build of ROMIO and improvements over the FUSE-based approach. Furthermore, through our experiments we demonstrate decreased performance in PLFS when ran at scale on the Lustre file system. C1 [Wright, S. A.; Pennycook, S. J.; Jarvis, S. A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Hammond, S. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, CSRI, Scalable Comp Architectures, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Miller, I.; Herdman, J. A.] UK Atom Weapons Estab, Supercomp Solut Ctr, Aldermaston, England. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM steven.wright@warwick.ac.uk FU Royal Society through their Industry Fellowship Scheme [IF090020/AM]; AWE and the TSB Knowledge Transfer Partnership [KTP006740]; Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; [CDK0724] FX This work is supported in part by The Royal Society through their Industry Fellowship Scheme (IF090020/AM). The perfor- mance modelling research is also supported jointly by AWE and the TSB Knowledge Transfer Partnership, grant number KTP006740. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors would like to thank Matt Ismail and Tony Arber in the Centre for Scientific Computing at the University of Warwick for access to the Minerva supercomputer. Access to the LLNL OCF is made possible through collaboration with the UK Atomic Weapons Establishment under grants CDK0660 (The Production of Predictive Models for Future Computing Requirements) and CDK0724 (AWE Tech- nical Outreach Programme).We are grateful to Scott Futral, Todd Gamblin, Jan Nunes and the Livermore Computing Team for access to, and p in using, the Sierra machine located at LLNL. We are also indebted to John Bent at EMC Corporation, and Meghan Wingate McClelland at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for t eir expert advice and support concerning PLF NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1352 EP 1359 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.172 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400177 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Jiang, W Jin, SS Rice, M Chen, YS AF Liu, Yan Jiang, Wei Jin, Shuangshuang Rice, Mark Chen, Yousu GP IEEE TI Distributing Power Grid State Estimation on HPC Clusters A System Architecture Prototype SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID GENERATION AB The future power grid is expected to further expand with highly distributed energy sources and smart loads. The increased size and complexity lead to increased burden on existing computational resources in energy control centers. Thus the need to perform real-time assessment on such systems entails efficient means to distribute centralized functions such as state estimation in the power system. In this paper, we present our experience of prototyping a system architecture that connects distributed state estimators individually running parallel programs to solve non-linear estimation procedure. Through our experience, we highlight the needs of integrating the distributed state estimation algorithm with efficient partition and data communication tools so that distributed state estimation has low overhead compared to the centralized solution. We build a test case based on the IEEE 118 bus system and partition the state estimation of the whole system model to available HPC clusters. The measurement from the testbed demonstrates the low overhead of our solution. C1 [Liu, Yan] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Data Intens Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Jiang, Wei] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH USA. [Jin, Shuangshuang; Rice, Mark; Chen, Yousu] Pacific Northwest Nat Lab, Elect Power Syst Energy, Richland, WA USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Data Intens Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yan.liu@pnnl.gov; jiangwei@cse.ohio-state.edu; shuangshuang.jin@pnnl.gov; mark.rice@pnnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnnl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1467 EP 1476 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.183 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400190 ER PT S AU Kerbyson, DJ Rajamony, R Weems, C AF Kerbyson, Darren J. Rajamony, Ram Weems, Charles GP IEEE TI Workshop on Large-Scale Parallel Processing Held in conjunction with IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Shanghai, China May 25th, Friday, 2012 SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops and PhD Forum-IPDPSW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ C1 [Kerbyson, Darren J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kerbyson, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1659 EP 1660 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.349 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400213 ER PT S AU Tautges, TJ Kraftcheck, JA Bertram, N Sachdeva, V Magerlein, J AF Tautges, Timothy J. Kraftcheck, Jason A. Bertram, Nathan Sachdeva, Vipin Magerlein, John GP IEEE TI Mesh Interface Resolution and Ghost Exchange in a Parallel Mesh Representation SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE parallel I/O; unstructured mesh; structured mesh AB Algorithms are described for the resolution of shared vertices and higher-dimensional interfaces on domain-decomposed parallel mesh, and for ghost exchange between neighboring processors. Performance data is given for large (up to 64M tet and 32M hex element) meshes on up to 16k processors. Shared interface resolution for structured mesh is also described. Small modifications are required to enable the algorithm to match vertices based on geometric location, useful for joining multi-piece meshes; this capability is also demonstrated. C1 [Tautges, Timothy J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Kraftcheck, Jason A.; Bertram, Nathan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tautges, TJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL USA. EM tautges@mcs.anl.gov; kraftcheck@gmail.com; nbertram@wisc.edu; vsache@us.ibm.com; mager@us.ibm.com FU U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling & Simulation (NEAMS); U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science; US Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling & Simulation (NEAMS) Program; by the U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science; and by the US Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1670 EP 1679 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.208 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400215 ER PT S AU Ji, F Aji, AM Dinan, J Buntinas, D Balaji, P Feng, WC Ma, XS AF Ji, Feng Aji, Ashwin M. Dinan, James Buntinas, Darius Balaji, Pavan Feng, Wu-chun Ma, Xiaosong GP IEEE TI Efficient Intranode Communication in GPU-Accelerated Systems SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID IMPLEMENTATION; MPI AB Current implementations of MPI are unaware of accelerator memory (i.e., GPU device memory) and require programmers to explicitly move data between memory spaces. This approach is inefficient, especially for intranode communication where it can result in several extra copy operations. In this work, we integrate GPU-awareness into a popular MPI runtime system and develop techniques to significantly reduce the cost of intranode communication involving one or more GPUs. Experiment results show an up to 2x increase in bandwidth, resulting in an average of 4.3% improvement to the total execution time of a halo exchange benchmark. C1 [Ji, Feng; Ma, Xiaosong] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Aji, Ashwin M.; Feng, Wu-chun] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Dinan, James; Buntinas, Darius; Balaji, Pavan] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ma, Xiaosong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ji, F (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fji@ncsu.edu; aaji@cs.vt.edu; dinan@mcs.anl.gov; buntinas@mcs.anl.gov; balaji@mcs.anl.gov; feng@cs.vt.edu; ma@cs.ncsu.edu FU NSF CAREER Award [CNS-0546301]; NSF award [CNS-0915861]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [OCI-0910735] FX This work has been sponsored in part by an NSF CAREER Award (CNS-0546301), an NSF award (CNS-0915861), Xiaosong Mas joint appointment between NCSU and ORNL, and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research has also used resources of the Keeneland Computing Facility at the Georgia Institute of Technology, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under Contract OCI-0910735. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1838 EP 1847 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.227 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400236 ER PT S AU Song, HM Jin, H He, J Sun, XH Thakur, R AF Song, Huaiming Jin, Hui He, Jun Sun, Xian-He Thakur, Rajeev GP IEEE TI A Server-Level Adaptive Data Layout Strategy for Parallel File Systems SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Server-level adaptive data layout; variable stripe size; equal-depth histogram; data layout optimization; parallel file system ID WORKLOAD AB Parallel file systems are widely used for providing a high degree of I/O parallelism to mask the gap between I/O and memory speed. However, peak I/O performance is rarely attained due to complex data access patterns of applications. Based on the observation that the I/O performance of small requests is often limited by the request service rate, and the performance of large requests is limited by I/O bandwidth, we take into consideration both factors and propose a server-level adaptive data layout strategy. The proposed strategy adopts different stripe sizes for different file servers according to the data access characteristics on each individual server. We let the file servers that can fully utilize bandwidth hold more data, and the file servers that are limited with request service rate hold less data. As a result, heavy-load servers can offload some data accesses to light-load servers for potential improvement of I/O performance. We present a method to measure access cost for each data block and then utilize an equal-depth histogram approach to distributed data blocks across multiple servers adaptively, so as to balance data accesses on all file servers. Analytical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed server-level adaptive layout strategy can improve I/O performance by as much as 80.3% and is more appropriate for applications with complex data access patterns. C1 [Song, Huaiming] Dawning Informat Ind, Ctr Res & Dev, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Jin, Hui; He, Jun; Sun, Xian-He] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Song, HM (reprint author), Dawning Informat Ind, Ctr Res & Dev, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM songhm@sugon.com; hjin6@iit.edu; jhe24@iit.edu; sun@iit.edu; thakur@mcs.anl.gov RI Jin, Hui/H-2398-2012 FU National Science Foundation under NSF [CCF-0621435, CCF-0937877]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors are thankful to Samuel Lang and Dr. Robert Ross of Argonne National Laboratory for their constructive and thoughtful suggestions toward this work. This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation under NSF grant CCF-0621435 and CCF-0937877, and in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 2095 EP 2103 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.246 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400269 ER PT S AU Chen, J Joo, B Watson, W Edwards, R AF Chen, Jie Joo, Balint Watson, William, III Edwards, Robert GP IEEE TI Automatic Offloading C plus plus Expression Templates to CUDA Enabled GPUs SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE GPU; CUDA; JIT; C plus; Expression Templates AB In the last few years, many scientific applications have been developed for powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) and have achieved remarkable speedups. This success can be partially attributed to high performance host callable GPU library routines that are offloaded to GPUs at runtime. These library routines are based on C/C++-like programming toolkits such as CUDA from NVIDIA and have the same calling signatures as their CPU counterparts. Recently, with the sufficient support of C++ templates from CUDA, the emergence of template libraries have enabled further advancement in code reusability and rapid software development for GPUs. However, Expression Templates (ET), which have been very popular for implementing data parallel scientific software for host CPUs because of their intuitive and mathematics-like syntax, have been underutilized by GPU development libraries. The lack of ET usage is caused by the difficulty of offloading expression templates from hosts to GPUs due to the inability to pass instantiated expressions to GPU kernels as well as the absence of the exact form of the expressions for the templates at the time of coding. This paper presents a general approach that enables automatic offloading of C++ expression templates to CUDA enabled GPUs by using the C++ metaprogramming technique and Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation methodology to generate and compile CUDA kernels for corresponding expression templates followed by executing the kernels with appropriate arguments. This approach allows developers to port applications to run on GPUs with virtually no code modifications. More specifically, this paper uses a large ET based data parallel physics library called QDP++ as an example to illustrate many aspects of the approach to offloading expression templates automatically and to demonstrate very good speedups for typical QDP++ applications running on GPUs against running on CPUs using this method of offloading. In addition, this approach of automatic offloading expression templates could be applied to other many-core accelerators that provide C++ programming toolkits with the support of C++ template. C1 [Chen, Jie; Joo, Balint; Watson, William, III] Jefferson Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Edwards, Robert] Theroy Ctr, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM chen@jlab.org; bjoo@jlab.org; watson@jlab.org; edwards@jlab.org FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX This work is supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 2359 EP 2368 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.293 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400305 ER PT S AU El-Atawy, A Samak, T AF El-Atawy, Adel Samak, Taghrid BE DeTurck, F Gaspary, LP Medhi, D TI End-to-end Verification of QoS Policies SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS) SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium CY APR 16-20, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc ID NETWORKS AB Configuring a large number of routers and network devices to achieve quality of service (QoS) goals is a challenging task. In a differentiated services (DiffServ) environment, traffic flows are assigned specific classes of service, and service level agreements (SLA) are enforced at routers within each domain. We present a model for QoS configurations that facilitates efficient property-based verification. Network configuration is given as a set of policies governing each device. The model efficiently checks the required properties against the current configuration using computation tree logic (CTL) model checking. By symbolically modeling possible decision paths for different flows from source to destination, properties can be checked at each hop, and assessments can be made on how closely configurations adhere to the specified agreement. The model also covers configuration debugging given a specific QoS violation. Efficiency and scalability of the model are analyzed for policy per-hop behavior (PHB) parameters over large network configurations. C1 [El-Atawy, Adel] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Samak, Taghrid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP El-Atawy, A (reprint author), Google Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. EM aelatawy@google.com; tsamak@lbl.gov OI El-Atawy, Adel/0000-0002-6471-178X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02- 05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DEAC02- 05CH11231. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1542-1201 BN 978-1-4673-0268-5 J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER PY 2012 BP 426 EP 434 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCA90 UT WOS:000309517000052 ER PT S AU Kissel, E El-Hassany, A Fernandes, G Swany, M Gunter, D Samak, T Schopf, JM AF Kissel, Ezra El-Hassany, Ahmed Fernandes, Guilherme Swany, Martin Gunter, Dan Samak, Taghrid Schopf, Jennifer M. BE DeTurck, F Gaspary, LP Medhi, D TI Scalable Integrated Performance Analysis of Multi-Gigabit Networks SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS) SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium CY APR 16-20, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc AB Monitoring and managing multi-gigabit networks requires dynamic adaptation to end-to-end performance characteristics. This paper presents a measurement collection and analysis framework that automates the troubleshooting of end-to-end network bottlenecks. We integrate real-time host, application, and network measurements with a common representation (compatible with perfSONAR) within a flexible and scalable architecture. Our measurement architecture is supported by a light-weight eXtensible Session Protocol (XSP), which enables context-sensitive adaptive measurement collection. We evaluate the ability of our system to analyze and detect bottleneck conditions over a series of high-speed and I/O intensive bulk data transfer experiments and find that the overhead of the system is very low and that we are able to detect and understand a variety of bottlenecks. C1 [Kissel, Ezra] Univ Delaware, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [El-Hassany, Ahmed; Fernandes, Guilherme; Swany, Martin] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat Comput, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gunter, Dan; Samak, Taghrid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comput Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schopf, Jennifer M.] Informatics Group, Woods Hole Oceanograp Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kissel, E (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU Mathematical, Information; Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC0376SF00098, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [OCI-0943705] FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contracts DEAC0376SF00098 and DE-AC02-06CH11357, as well as by the National Science Foundation under grant OCI-0943705. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent their institutions. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1542-1201 BN 978-1-4673-0268-5 J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER PY 2012 BP 1227 EP 1233 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCA90 UT WOS:000309517000180 ER PT S AU Samak, T Gunter, D Hendrix, V AF Samak, Taghrid Gunter, Daniel Hendrix, Valerie BE DeTurck, F Gaspary, LP Medhi, D TI Scalable Analysis of Network Measurements with Hadoop and Pig SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS) SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium CY APR 16-20, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc AB The deployment of ubiquitous distributed monitoring infrastructure such as perfSONAR is greatly increasing the availability and quality of network performance data. Crosscutting analyses are now possible that can detect anomalies and provide real-time automated alerts to network management services. However, scaling these analyses to the volumes of available data remains a difficult task. Although there is significant research into offline analysis techniques, most of these approaches do not address the systems and scalability issues. This work presents an analysis framework incorporating industry best-practices and tools to perform large-scale analyses. Our framework integrates the expressiveness of Pig, the scalability of Hadoop, and the analysis and visualization capabilities of R to achieve a significant increase in both speed and power of analysis. Evaluation of our framework on a large dataset of real measurements from perfSONAR demonstrate a large speedup and novel statistical capabilities. C1 [Samak, Taghrid; Gunter, Daniel; Hendrix, Valerie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Samak, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tsamak@lbl.gov; dkgunter@lbl.gov; vchendrix@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1542-1201 BN 978-1-4673-0268-5 J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER PY 2012 BP 1254 EP 1259 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCA90 UT WOS:000309517000184 ER PT J AU Kotula, PG Van Benthem, MH Sorensen, NR AF Kotula, Paul G. Van Benthem, Mark H. Sorensen, N. Rob GP IEEE TI APPLICATION OF FIB/SEM/EDXS TOMOGRAPHIC SPECTRAL IMAGING AND MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO THE ANALYSIS OF LOCALIZED CORROSION SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE ID IMAGES; MICROANALYSIS AB Tomographic spectral imaging is a powerful technique for the 3D analysis of materials. The present work describes the application of this technique to the analysis of localized corrosion of a connector pin. Implemented via serial sectioning in a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope, electron-excited x-ray spectra were acquired from each voxel in a 3D array. The resultant tomographic spectral image was analyzed in its entirety with Sandia's Automated eXpert Spectral Image Analysis multivariate statistical analysis software. The result of the analysis is a small number of chemical components which describe the 3D phase distribution in the volume of material sampled. C1 [Kotula, Paul G.; Van Benthem, Mark H.; Sorensen, N. Rob] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotula, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 672 EP 675 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200169 ER PT J AU Rattanavarin, S Sarapukdee, P Jarujareet, U Khemthongcharoen, N Ruangpracha, A Jolivot, R Jung, IW Lopez, D Mandella, MJ Piyawattanametha, W AF Rattanavarin, Santi Sarapukdee, Pongsak Jarujareet, Ungkarn Khemthongcharoen, Numfon Ruangpracha, Athisake Jolivot, Romuald Jung, Il Woong Lopez, Daniel Mandella, Michael J. Piyawattanametha, Wibool GP IEEE TI Handheld Multispectral Confocal Microscope for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) CY AUG 06-09, 2012 CL Banff, CANADA SP nanoAlberta (Alberta Innovates Technol Futures), CMC Microsyst, Alberta Ctr Adv MNT Prod (acamp), Bridger Photon Inc DE 2D MEMS scanner; cervical cancer; dual axis confocal microscope; Multispectral AB We demonstrated a handheld multispectral fluorescence confocal microscope for cervical cancer diagnostic using dual-axis confocal microscope architecture and a microelectromechnical systems scanner. The real time images are acquired with frame rate upto 15 Hz. C1 [Rattanavarin, Santi; Jarujareet, Ungkarn; Khemthongcharoen, Numfon; Jolivot, Romuald; Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand. [Sarapukdee, Pongsak; Ruangpracha, Athisake; Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Chulalongkorn Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, Fac Med, Bangkok, Thailand. [Jung, Il Woong; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL USA. [Mandella, Michael J.] Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr Biomed Engn & Sci, Stanford, CA USA. RP Rattanavarin, S (reprint author), Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand. FU National Research Council; Higher Education Research Promotion & National Research University Project; Office of the Higher Education Commission of Thailand [HR1162A, HR1166I]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work is partially supported in part by grants from the National Research Council, the Higher Education Research Promotion & National Research University Project, and the Office of the Higher Education Commission of Thailand (HR1162A and HR1166I).Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1513-6 PY 2012 BP 41 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCE10 UT WOS:000309942400020 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, D Walko, D Jung, IW Wang, J Shenoy, G Lopez, D AF Mukhopadhyay, Deepkishore Walko, Donald Jung, Il Woong Wang, Jin Shenoy, Gopal Lopez, Daniel GP IEEE TI MEMS Micromirror Based X-ray Pulse Modulators SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) CY AUG 06-09, 2012 CL Banff, CANADA SP nanoAlberta (Alberta Innovates Technol Futures), CMC Microsyst, Alberta Ctr Adv MNT Prod (acamp), Bridger Photon Inc DE micromirror; X-ray; pulse modulator; torsional; MEMS AB We describe a MEMS micromirror for modulation of X-ray pulses needed for critical time-resolved process studies of cyclical and far-from-equilibrium phenomena. This MEMS micromirror leverages grazing-angle reflection of X-ray pulses to generate its temporal modulation response. The generated responses are 1.5 mu s wide for 8keV X-rays and have been successfully used to isolate single X-ray pulses separated 1.59 mu s from their suppressed neighboring pulses. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Deepkishore; Jung, Il Woong; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Walko, Donald; Wang, Jin; Shenoy, Gopal] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dmukhopadhyay@anl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357] FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1513-6 PY 2012 BP 138 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCE10 UT WOS:000309942400065 ER PT J AU Jung, IW Rattanavarin, S Sarapukdee, P Mandella, MJ Piyawattanametha, W Lopez, D AF Jung, Il Woong Rattanavarin, Santi Sarapukdee, Pongsak Mandella, Michael J. Piyawattanametha, Wibool Lopez, Daniel GP IEEE TI 2-D MEMS Scanner for Handheld Multispectral Confocal Microscopes SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) CY AUG 06-09, 2012 CL Banff, CANADA SP nanoAlberta (Alberta Innovates Technol Futures), CMC Microsyst, Alberta Ctr Adv MNT Prod (acamp), Bridger Photon Inc DE micromirror; 2-D MEMS scanner; dual-axis confocal microscopy; microendoscope; multi-spectral imaging AB We describe a 2-D MEMS scanner for a handheld multispectral confocal microscope for early detection of cervical cancer. The MEMS scanner has an inner gimbal design with torsional springs separated from the reflectors to reduce light loss while maintaining chip size to 3.25 x 3.25 mm(2). The devices are large-scale batch fabricated using a double layer SOI process. The scanner has electrostatic optical deflection angles of 3.25 degrees for the inner axis at 75V and +/- 1.6 degrees for the outer axis at 60V. The device has resonance frequencies of 2.84kHz and 452Hz for the inner and outer axis torsional modes respectively. C1 [Jung, Il Woong; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rattanavarin, Santi; Sarapukdee, Pongsak; Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Chulalongkorn Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. [Mandella, Michael J.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn & Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jung, IW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ijung@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357]; National Research Council, the Higher Education Research Promotion & National Research University; Office of the Higher Education Commission of Thailand [HR1162A, HRI166I] FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. This work is partially supported by grants from the National Research Council, the Higher Education Research Promotion & National Research University Project, and the Office of the Higher Education Commission of Thailand (HR1162A and HRI166I). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1513-6 PY 2012 BP 238 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCE10 UT WOS:000309942400114 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Wang, X Rao, NSV AF Liu, Qiang Wang, Xin Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI Fusion of State Estimates Over Long-haul Sensor Networks Under Random Delay and Loss SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE State estimation; long-haul sensor networks; delay and loss; online selective fusion; prediction and retrodiction ID TRACKING AB Long-haul sensor networks are deployed in a wide range of applications from national security to environmental monitoring. We consider target tracking over a long-haul sensor network, wherein state and covariance estimates are sent from sensors to a fusion center that generates a fused state. Fusion serves as a viable means to improve the estimation performance to meet the system requirement on accuracy and delay. Communications over the long-haul links, such as submarine fibers and satellite links, is subject to long latencies and high loss rates that lead to many lost or out-of-order messages and may significantly degrade the fusion performance. We propose an online selective fuser to combine the received state estimates based on estimated information contribution from the pending data. By concurrently using prediction and retrodiction, the fuser opportunistically makes timely decisions to achieve a balance between accuracy and timeliness of the fused estimate. Simulation results show that our method effectively maintains high levels of fusion performance under various communication delay and loss conditions. C1 [Liu, Qiang; Wang, Xin] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM qiangliu@ece.sunysb.edu; xwang@ece.sunysb.edu; raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0775-8 PY 2012 BP 2686 EP 2690 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBZ88 UT WOS:000309279502100 ER PT S AU Ganni, V Fesmire, JE AF Ganni, V. Fesmire, J. E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOGENICS FOR SUPERCONDUCTORS: REFRIGERATION, DELIVERY, AND PRESERVATION OF THE COLD SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE helium; superconductivity; refrigerator; cryogenic equipment; thermal insulation; cryogen storage ID INSULATION MATERIALS; THERMAL PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB Applications in superconductivity have become widespread, enabled by advancements in cryogenic engineering. In this paper, the history of cryogenic refrigeration, its delivery, its preservation and the important scientific and engineering advancements in these areas in the last 100 years will be reviewed, beginning with small laboratory dewars to very large scale systems. The key technological advancements in these areas that enabled the development of superconducting applications at temperatures from 4 to 77 K are identified. Included are advancements in the components used up to the present state-of-the-art in refrigeration systems design. Viewpoints as both an equipment supplier and the end-user with regard to the equipment design and operations will be presented. Some of the present and future challenges in these areas will be outlined. Most of the materials in this paper are a collection of the historical materials applicable to these areas of interest. C1 [Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Ganni, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX The authors would like to express their appreciation and thanks to the TJNAF management for their support. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1063/1.4706901 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600001 ER PT S AU Darve, C Bottura, L Patankar, NA Van Sciver, SW AF Darve, C. Bottura, L. Patankar, N. A. Van Sciver, S. W. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI A METHOD FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SUPERFLUID HELIUM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Superfluid Helium; Numerical Simulation AB Superfluid helium Transport phenomena can be described using the two-fluid Landau-Khalatnikov model and the Gorter-Mellink mutual friction. We have continued our previous work devoted to the formulation of a system of equations to describe the heat and mass transport in superfluid helium, and its numerical solution. The main advantage of the approach proposed is that it yields explicitly pressure and temperature as system variables, which can be used to stabilize the numerical solution. In the paper we describe the numerical implementation of the method proposed, and first results on simple test cases that prove the stability and convergence of the procedure. C1 [Darve, C.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Darve, C.; Patankar, N. A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60555 USA. [Bottura, L.] European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Van Sciver, S. W.] Natl High Magnet Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Darve, C (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Patankar, Neelesh/B-7603-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1063/1.4706927 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600027 ER PT S AU Knoll, D Willen, D Fesmire, J Johnson, W Smith, J Meneghelli, B Demko, J George, D Fowler, B Huber, P AF Knoll, D. Willen, D. Fesmire, J. Johnson, W. Smith, J. Meneghelli, B. Demko, J. George, D. Fowler, B. Huber, P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI EVALUATING CRYOSTAT PERFORMANCE FOR NAVAL APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Cryostat; Multilayer insulation (MLI); Thermal performance AB The Navy intends to use High Temperature Superconducting Degaussing (HTSDG) coil systems on future Navy platforms. The Navy Metalworking Center (NMC) is leading a team that is addressing cryostat configuration and manufacturing issues associated with fabricating long lengths of flexible, vacuum-jacketed cryostats that meet Navy shipboard performance requirements. The project includes provisions to evaluate the reliability performance, as well as proofing of fabrication techniques. Navy cryostat performance specifications include less than 1 Wm(-1) heat loss, 2 MPa working pressure, and a 25-year vacuum life. Cryostat multilayer insulation (MLI) systems developed on the project have been validated using a standardized cryogenic test facility and implemented on 5-meterlong test samples. Performance data from these test samples, which were characterized using both LN2 boiloff and flow-through measurement techniques, will be presented. NMC is working with an Integrated Project Team consisting of Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division, Southwire Company, nkt cables, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), ASRC Aerospace, and NASA Kennedy Space Center (NASA-KSC) to complete these efforts. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This material is submitted with the understanding that right of reproduction for governmental purposes is reserved for the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203-1995. C1 [Knoll, D.] Southwire Co, 1 Southwire Dr, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. [Willen, D.] Nkt Cables, DK-2605 Brondby, Denmark. [Fesmire, J.; Johnson, W.; Smith, J.] NASA, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Meneghelli, B.] ASRC Aerosp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Demko, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [George, D.; Fowler, B.; Huber, P.] Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. RP Knoll, D (reprint author), Southwire Co, 1 Southwire Dr, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. FU NMC, Concurrent Technologies Corporation [N00014-06-D-0048]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This work was conducted by NMC, operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation under contract number N00014-06-D-0048 to the Office of Naval Research as part of the U.S. Navy Manufacturing Technology Program. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.; Research partially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors Program, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1063/1.4706929 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600029 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Hassenzahl, WV AF Demko, J. A. Hassenzahl, W. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI LIQUID AIR AS A COOLANT FOR THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF LONG-LENGTH HTS CABLE SYSTEMS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Superconducting cables; cryogenics; low temperature equipment AB Direct current (dc), high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems have been suggested as an effective method of transmitting very large amounts of electric power (up to 10 GW) over very long distances (thousands of kilometers). This is made possible mainly by the high-current-carrying capability of the HTS materials when operated below their critical temperatures and by their near zero resistance to constant current. Most HTS cable concepts rely on liquid nitrogen or gaseous helium as the coolant. As an alternative, liquid air offers certain benefits and is discussed here as a cable system coolant. Air has a lower freezing temperature than nitrogen, it can be produced locally, and a liquid air leak will not displace the oxygen in a closed compartment. The dc cable design concept proposed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in which the coolant flows in a cryogenic enclosure that includes the cable and a separate return tube, and refrigeration stations positioned every 10 to 20 km is assumed for this analysis. Both go and return lines are contained in a single vacuum envelope. The thermal management of this superconducting cable concept with liquid air in long-distance HTS power cables is developed in this paper. The results are compared to the use of liquid nitrogen, gaseous helium and gaseous hydrogen. C1 [Demko, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hassenzahl, W. V.] Adv Energy Analys, Las Vegas, NV 89183 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC.; EPRI [EPP35856-C16271] FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors Program, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC, and by EPRI under contract No. EPP35856-C16271. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1063/1.4706930 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600030 ER PT S AU Demko, JA AF Demko, J. A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COUNTERFLOW COOLING USING A TEST LOOP TO SIMULATE THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A HTS CABLE SYSTEM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Superconducting cables; cryogenics; refrigerators AB The counterflow cooling configuration is a compact, efficient, and relatively low cost thermal management approach for long-length HTS cable systems. In the counter-flow cooling configuration the coolant flow, typically liquid nitrogen, is initially supplied through the center of the cable turning around at the far end of the cable and returning through the annular space between the cable and the inner cryostat wall, using a single cryostat. The temperature distributions along the cable and the nitrogen flow streams are extremely difficult to measure in an operating HTS cable because of the issues associated with installing thermometers on high voltage components. A 5-meter long test loop has been built that simulates a counter-flow cooled, HTS cable using a heated metal tube to simulate the cable. The test loop contains calibrated thermometers to measure the temperature distribution along the tube and the return liquid nitrogen stream. Measured temperature distributions in the return flow stream and along the tube wall for varying flow rates and heating conditions to simulate a HTS cable are presented and discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1063/1.4706931 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600031 ER PT S AU Aguayo, E Fast, JE Reid, DJ AF Aguayo, E. Fast, J. E. Reid, D. J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DESIGN OF A THERMOSIPHON FOR COOLING LOW-BACKGROUND HPGE ARRAYS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE low-background; thermal conductivity; radiation detection; thermosiphon AB A two-phase nitrogen thermosiphon was developed for the new generation of low-background high-purity germanium (HPGe) arrays. The cooling system for these arrays has to be able to handle the heat load (>20 W) presented by a large detector mass while meeting stringent requirements necessary for low-background systems. The HPGe detector modules should operate as close to liquid nitrogen temperature (<80K) as possible to provide adequate operating conditions for a full range of HPGe impurity concentrations. In addition, exceptional temperature stability (<1 K) is needed to reduce electronic gain shifts due to changes in the front-end electronics operating temperature. In order to meet the background requirements of state-of-the-art systems these arrays are enclosed in passive lead and copper shielding up to 1 m thick. In this paper we present a cooling system for low-background experiments that complies with these stringent geometrical restrictions. Active cooling was integrated via a horizontal thermosiphon that can be fabricated using ultra-pure electroformed copper. It was charged with nitrogen to 434 kPa (63 PSIA) at 292 K, which provided a fill ratio of 10%. The results showed that the thermosiphon can effectively remove in excess of 25 W of heat load. C1 [Aguayo, E.; Fast, J. E.; Reid, D. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Aguayo, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1063/1.4706948 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600048 ER PT S AU DeGraff, BD Ganster, G Klebaner, A Petrov, AD Soyars, WM AF DeGraff, B. D. Ganster, G. Klebaner, A. Petrov, A. D. Soyars, W. M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI SRF TEST AREAS CRYOGENIC SYSTEM CONTROLS GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE New Muon Lab; Meson Detector Building; Synoptic; Control System; Graphical User Interface AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has constructed a superconducting 1.3 GHz cavity test facility at Meson Detector Building (MDB) and an Advanced Accelerator Research Center (AARD) located at the New Muon Lab Building (NML). The control of these superfluid cryogenic systems is accomplished by using a Synoptic graphical user interface (GUI) to interact with the underlying Fermilab Accelerator Control System. The design, testing and operational experience of employing the Synoptic client-server system for graphical representation will be discussed. Details on the Synoptic deployment to the MDB and NML cryogenic sub-systems will also be discussed. C1 [DeGraff, B. D.; Ganster, G.; Klebaner, A.; Petrov, A. D.; Soyars, W. M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP DeGraff, BD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1063/1.4706955 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600055 ER PT S AU White, MJ Brueck, HD Wang, XL AF White, M. J. Brueck, H. D. Wang, X. L. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI NUMERICAL MODEL FOR CONDUCTION-COOLED CURRENT LEAD HEAT LOADS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Current lead; heat load AB Current leads are utilized to deliver electrical power from a room temperature junction mounted on the vacuum vessel to a superconducting magnet located within the vacuum space of a cryostat. There are many types of current leads used at laboratories throughout the world; however, conduction-cooled current leads are often chosen for their simplicity and reliability. Conduction-cooled leads have the advantage of using common materials, have no superconducting/normal state transition, and have no boil-off vapor to collect. The XFEL (X-Ray Free Electron Laser) magnets are operated at 2 K, which makes vapor-cooled current leads impractical due to the sub-atmospheric bath pressure. This paper presents a numerical model for conduction-cooled current lead heat loads. This model takes into account varying material and fluid thermal properties, varying thicknesses along the length of the lead, heat transfer in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, electrical power dissipation, and the effect of thermal intercepts. The model is validated by comparing the numerical model results to ideal cases where analytical equations are valid. The models are compared using the geometry and operating conditions for the XFEL prototype current leads. C1 [White, M. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Brueck, H. D.; Wang, X. L.] Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP White, MJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance; LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States Department of Energy and by DESY FX Special thanks to Arkadiy Klebaner of FNAL and Bernd Petersen of DESY for organizing this collaborative project. Work supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy and by DESY. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1063/1.4706965 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600065 ER PT S AU Green, MA Wang, ST AF Green, M. A. Wang, S. T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI TESTS OF COPPER AND HTS LEADS WITH A TWO-STAGE PULSE TUBE DROP-IN COOLER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Pulse Tube Coolers; HTS Leads; Cu Leads from Room Temperature AB LBNL has observed that the heat leak is often excessive in magnets cooled using small coolers. One of the sources of excessive heat has been the leads that carry current into the magnet. By running a cooler test that combines the copper and HTS leads with a cooler, we are able to better understand the copper lead performance and its effect on the cooler performance. When a single PT-415 cooler was tested with a pair of the leads that was actually used in an LBNL magnet, the heat flow at design current was much larger than expected. The heat leak with no current in the leads was less than expected. The IL/A of the copper leads used in the magnet was too high. Leads with a much lower IL/A were tested with improved results. The cooler and lead tests also showed the importance of reducing the total temperature drop between the top of the HTS leads and the cooler first stage. The test also measured the voltage drop across the copper leads, the HTS leads and the LTS lead splices used in the test. As a result, the design of leads future magnets that are cooled using small coolers is improved. C1 [Green, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, S. T.] Wang NMR Incorp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU US-DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is also supported by the Office of Science, US-DOE under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1063/1.4706967 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600067 ER PT S AU Green, MA Virostek, SP AF Green, M. A. Virostek, S. P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI USING A SINGLE-STAGE GM COOLER TO AUGMENT THE COOLING OF THE SHIELDS AND LEADS OF A MAGNET COOLED WITH TWO-STAGE COOLERS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Pulse Tube Coolers; Single-stage GM Cooler; HTS Leads ID FIELD AB The temperature of a superconducting magnet shield and the tops of HTS leads for that magnet are determined by the heat flow into the first-stages of two-stage coolers used to cool the magnet. When the heat flow into the cooler first-stages is excessive, the shield and cold mass intercept temperature may be too high. This can lead to a failure of the HTS lead. If the heat flow into the shield and the HTS leads is too high, one can remove the excess heat using a single stage cooler. A test of a MICE spectrometer solenoid cooled with three two-stage pulse tube coolers in 2009 demonstrated what happens when the heat loads into the pulse tube cooler first-stages were excessive. One result was that the HTS lead furthest from the three pulse tube coolers burned out. LBNL added a single stage GM cooler at the end of the lead string furthest from the pulse tube coolers. The copper leads from room temperature were replaced with more efficient leads. The combination of the two changes reduced the pulse tube cooler first stage temperature, the lead temperature, and the temperature of the magnet shield. C1 [Green, M. A.; Virostek, S. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 589 EP 596 DI 10.1063/1.4706968 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600068 ER PT S AU Hansen, BJ White, MJ Klebaner, A AF Hansen, B. J. White, M. J. Klebaner, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI PLATE FIN HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL WITH AXIAL CONDUCTION AND VARIABLE PROPERTIES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Plate-Fin; Heat Exchanger; Axial Conduction; Numerical Model; Superfluid; Helium; Cryogenic AB Future superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, as part of Project X at Fermilab, will be cooled to superfluid helium temperatures by a cryogenic distribution system supplying cold supercritical helium. To reduce vapor fraction during the final Joule-Thomson (J-T) expansion into the superfluid helium cooling bath, counter-flow, plate-fin heat exchangers are an effective option. However, the design of compact and high-effectiveness cryogenic heat exchangers operating at liquid helium temperatures requires consideration of axial heat conduction along the direction of flow, in addition to variable fluid properties. Here we present a numerical model that includes the effects of axial conduction and variable properties for a plate fin heat exchanger. The model is used to guide design decisions on heat exchanger material choice and geometry. In addition, the J-T expansion process is modeled with the heat exchanger to analyze the effect of heat load and cryogenic supply parameters. C1 [Hansen, B. J.; White, M. J.; Klebaner, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hansen, BJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.1063/1.4706971 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600071 ER PT S AU Barzi, E Lombardo, V Nobrega, A Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV Karppinen, M AF Barzi, E. Lombardo, V. Nobrega, A. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. Karppinen, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Nb3Sn CABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE 11 T DIPOLE DEMONSTRATION MODEL SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Rutherford cable; Nb3Sn; subelement; stability ID STRANDS AB Fermilab (FNAL) and CERN have started the development of 11 T 11-m long Nb3Sn dipoles to replace a number of LHC NbTi dipoles and free space for cold collimators in the LHC DS areas. An important step in the design of these magnets is the development of the high aspect ratio Nb3Sn cable to achieve the nominal field of 11 T at the nominal LHC operating current of 11.85 kA at 1.9 K with 20% margin. Keystoned cables with 40 and 41 strands with and without a stainless steel core were made out of hard Cu wires and Nb3Sn RRP strand of 0.7 mm nominal diameter. The cable optimization process was aimed at achieving both mechanical stability and minimal damage to the delicate internal architecture of the Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) Nb3Sn strands with 127 restack design to be used in the magnet short models. Each cable was characterized electrically for transport properties degradation at high field and for low field stability, and metallographically for internal damage. C1 [Barzi, E.; Lombardo, V.; Nobrega, A.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Karppinen, M.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance; LLC with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This work was supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract NO. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors thank M. Bossert and A. Rusy for technical assistance during cable fabrication, test and analysis. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1063/1.4706974 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600074 ER PT S AU Salmi, T Ambrosio, G Caspi, S Chlachidze, G Dhalle, MMJ Felice, H Ferracin, P Marchevsky, M Sabbi, G ten Kate, HHJ AF Salmi, T. Ambrosio, G. Caspi, S. Chlachidze, G. Dhalle, M. M. J. Felice, H. Ferracin, P. Marchevsky, M. Sabbi, Gl. ten Kate, H. H. J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI QUENCH PROTECTION CHALLENGES IN LONG Nb3Sn ACCELERATOR MAGNETS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE niobium-tin magnets; quench protection; protection heaters AB The quench protection of the several meter long, large aperture high-field Nb3Sn quadrupoles that the LARP collaboration is developing for the LHC interaction region upgrade, requires efficient protection heaters to quickly generate large resistive segments across the windings. To support the protection design, experiments in the recently tested LARP R&D magnets are aimed to characterize the coil response to different protection schemes. In particular, the delay to quench and the final hotspot temperatures are evaluated after firing the heaters at different powering regimes and coverage. Also, the contribution of external energy extraction is investigated. Based on the performed studies and computer simulations, it seems that if the same protection efficiency per unit length that is measured in a 1 m long model magnet can be scaled to a 3.6 m long magnet, and the heater coverage can be improved, about 1 MJ/m of stored energy can be absorbed in the magnet after a quench. However, significant technology developments are needed to scale the protection heater efficiency to longer magnets and to increase the coverage. C1 [Salmi, T.; Caspi, S.; Felice, H.; Ferracin, P.; Marchevsky, M.; Sabbi, Gl.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ambrosio, G.; Chlachidze, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Salmi, T.; Dhalle, M. M. J.; ten Kate, H. H. J.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Salmi, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 656 EP 663 DI 10.1063/1.4706976 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600076 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V Than, R AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. Than, R. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI OPTIONS FOR CRYOGENIC LOAD COOLING WITH FORCED FLOW HELIUM CIRCULATION SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE helium; refrigerator; forced flow AB Cryogenic pumps designed to circulate super-critical helium are commonly deemed necessary in many super-conducting magnet and other cooling applications. Acknowledging that these pumps are often located at the coldest temperature levels, their use introduces risks associated with the reliability of additional rotating machinery and an additional load on the refrigeration system. However, as it has been successfully demonstrated, this objective can be accomplished without using these pumps by the refrigeration system, resulting in lower system input power and improved reliability to the overall cryogenic system operations. In this paper we examine some trade-offs between using these pumps vs. using the refrigeration system directly with examples of processes that have used these concepts successfully and eliminated using such pumps. C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Than, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to express their appreciation and thanks to the TJNAF and BNL management for their support. This work was supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under the U.S. Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23177, and by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under the U.S. Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 790 EP 799 DI 10.1063/1.4706992 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600092 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI PROCESS OPTIONS FOR NOMINAL 2-K HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DESIGNS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE helium; refrigeration; 2 K process; sub-atmospheric process; cycles; efficiency AB Nominal 2-K helium refrigeration systems are frequently used for superconducting radio frequency and magnet string technologies used in accelerators. This paper examines the trade-offs and approximate performance of four basic types of processes used for the refrigeration of these technologies; direct vacuum pumping on a helium bath, direct vacuum pumping using full or partial refrigeration recovery, cold compression, and hybrid compression (i.e., a blend of cold and warm sub-atmospheric compression). C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 800 EP 813 DI 10.1063/1.4706993 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600093 ER PT S AU Ganni, V Knudsen, P AF Ganni, V. Knudsen, P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI RESPONSE TO REMARKS REGARDING THE OPTIMAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE helium; cycles; refrigerator; efficiency AB This paper is offered as a response to the remarks regarding [1], as given in [2]. C1 [Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ganni, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1063/1.4706997 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600097 ER PT S AU Ballard, J Biallas, G Brindza, P Carstens, T Creel, J Egiyan, H Martin, F Qiang, Y Spiegel, S Stevens, M Wissmann, M Wolin, E AF Ballard, J. Biallas, G. Brindza, P. Carstens, T. Creel, J. Egiyan, H. Martin, F. Qiang, Y. Spiegel, S. Stevens, M. Wissmann, M. Wolin, E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI REFURBISHMENT AND TESTING OF THE 1970'S ERA LASS SOLENOID COILS FOR JLAB'S HALL D SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE refurbish; repair; solenoid; magnet; test; 10CFR851; leak; short AB Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) refurbished the Large Aperture Solenoid Spectrometer (LASS) [1], 1.85 m bore solenoid, consisting of four superconducting coils to act as the principal analysis magnet for nuclear physics in the newly constructed, Hall D at JLab for the Glue Excitations Experiment (GlueX) [2]. The coils, built in 1971 at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and used a second time for the Muon decays into Electron and GAmma ray (MEGA) Experiment [3] at Los Alamos, had electrical shorts and leaks to the insulating vacuum along with deteriorated superinsulation and instrumentation. Root cause diagnosis of the problems and the repair methods are described along with the measures used to qualify the vessels and piping within the Laboratory's Pressure Safety Program (mandated by 10CFR851). The extraordinary refrigerator operational methods used to utilize the obsolete cryogenic apparatus gathered for the off-line, single coil tests are described. C1 [Ballard, J.; Biallas, G.; Brindza, P.; Carstens, T.; Creel, J.; Egiyan, H.; Martin, F.; Qiang, Y.; Spiegel, S.; Stevens, M.; Wissmann, M.; Wolin, E.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ballard, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 861 EP 868 DI 10.1063/1.4707001 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600101 ER PT S AU Bossert, R Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Chlachidze, G Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Nobrega, A Novitski, I Orris, D Tartaglia, M Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Bossert, R. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Chlachidze, G. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. Nobrega, A. Novitski, I. Orris, D. Tartaglia, M. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI FABRICATION AND TEST OF 4M LONG Nb3SN QUADRUPOLE COIL MADE OF RRP-114/127 STRAND SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Quadrupole coil; magnetic mirror; magnet test ID LARP AB Fermilab is collaborating with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) within the US-LHC Accelerator Research Project (US-LARP collaboration) to develop a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade. Several two-layer quadrupole models of the 1-meter and 3.4-meter length with 90 mm apertures have been fabricated and tested by the US-LARP collaboration. High-Jc Nb3Sn RRP-54/61 strand was used for nearly all models. Large flux jumps typical for this strand, due to the large sub-element diameter, limited magnet quench performance at temperatures below 2.5-3K. This paper summarizes the fabrication and test by Fermilab of LQM01, a long quadrupole coil test structure (quadrupole mirror) with the first 3.4 m quadrupole coil made of more stable RRP-114/127 strand. The coil and structure are fully instrumented with voltage taps, full bridge strain gauges and strip heaters to monitor preload, thermal properties and quench behavior. Measurements during fabrication are reported, including preload during the yoke welding process. Testing is done at 4.5 K, 1.9 K and a range of intermediate temperatures. The test results include magnet strain and quench performance during training, as well as quench studies of current ramp rate and temperature dependence from 1.9 K to 4.5 K. C1 [Bossert, R.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Chlachidze, G.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Lamm, M.; Nobrega, A.; Novitski, I.; Orris, D.; Tartaglia, M.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bossert, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 869 EP 876 DI 10.1063/1.4707002 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600102 ER PT S AU Sun, E Brindza, P Lassiter, S Fowler, M AF Sun, E. Brindza, P. Lassiter, S. Fowler, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOGENIC SYSTEM DESIGN OF 11 GEV/C SUPER HIGH MOMENTUM SPECTROMETER SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS AT JEFFERSON LAB SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Cryogenic system; pressure vessel; pressure piping; Charpy V-notch impact testing; base metal; heat affected zone; elastic-plastic stress analysis; heat load AB The design of the cryogenic system for the 11 GeV/c Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) is presented. A description of the cryogenic control reservoir and the cryogenic transfer line is given. Details of the cryogenic control reservoirs, cryogenic transfer lines, and pressure piping are summarized. Code compliance is ensured through following the requirements of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code and Pressure Piping Code. An elastic-plastic-analysis-based combined safety factor approach is proposed to meet the low stress requirement of ASME 2007 Section VIII, Division 2 so that Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing can be avoided through analysis. Material toughness requirements in ASME 2007 Section VIII, Division 2 are adopted as CVN impact testing rules of stainless steel 304 piping at 4.2 K and 77 K. A formula-based combined safety factor approach for pressure piping is also proposed to check whether the impact testing can be avoided due to low stress. Analysis and calculation have shown that no CVN impact testing of base metal and heat affected zones is required for the helium reservoir, nitrogen reservoir, and their relevant piping. Total heat loads to liquid helium and liquid nitrogen are studied also. The total heat load to LHe for SHMS is estimated to be 137 W, and the total load to LN2 is calculated to be 420 W. C1 [Sun, E.; Brindza, P.; Lassiter, S.; Fowler, M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Sun, E (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 877 EP 884 DI 10.1063/1.4707003 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600103 ER PT S AU Nicol, TH Kashikhin, VV Page, TM Peterson, TJ AF Nicol, T. H. Kashikhin, V. V. Page, T. M. Peterson, T. J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI MU2E PRODUCTION SOLENOID CRYOSTAT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE cryostat; solenoid; superconducting magnet; thermal siphon AB Mu2e is a muon-to-electron conversion experiment being designed by an international collaboration of more than 65 scientists and engineers from more than 20 research institutions for installation at Fermilab. The experiment is comprised of three large superconducting solenoid magnet systems, production solenoid (PS), transport solenoid (TS) and detector solenoid (DS). A 25 kW, 8 GeV proton beam strikes a target located in the PS creating muons from the decay of secondary particles. These muons are then focused in the PS and the resultant muon beam is transported through the TS towards the DS. The production solenoid presents a unique set of design challenges as the result of high radiation doses, stringent magnetic field requirements, and large structural forces. This paper describes the conceptual design of the PS cryostat and will include discussions of the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, multi-layer insulation, cooling system, cryogenic piping, and suspension system. C1 [Nicol, T. H.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Page, T. M.; Peterson, T. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nicol, TH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 885 EP 892 DI 10.1063/1.4707004 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600104 ER PT S AU Kashikhin, VV Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Lamm, M Mokhov, NV Nicol, TH Page, TM Pronskikh, VS AF Kashikhin, V. V. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Lamm, M. Mokhov, N. V. Nicol, T. H. Page, T. M. Pronskikh, V. S. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE MU2E PRODUCTION SOLENOID COLD MASS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Superconducting magnet; solenoid; cryostat AB The Muon-to-Electron conversion experiment (Mu2e), under development at Fermilab, seeks to detect direct muon to electron conversion to provide evidence for a process violating muon and electron lepton number conservation that cannot be explained by the Standard Model of particle physics. The required magnetic field is produced by a series of superconducting solenoids. This paper describes the conceptual design of the 5 T, 4 m long solenoid cold mass with 1.67 m bore with the emphasis on the magnetic, radiation and thermal analyses. C1 [Kashikhin, V. V.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Lamm, M.; Mokhov, N. V.; Nicol, T. H.; Page, T. M.; Pronskikh, V. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 893 EP 900 DI 10.1063/1.4707005 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600105 ER PT S AU Fuerst, JD Doose, C Hasse, Q Ivanyushenkov, Y Kasa, M Moog, ER Pfotenhauer, JM Potratz, DC Skiadopoulos, D Syrovatin, VM Trakhtenberg, EM AF Fuerst, J. D. Doose, C. Hasse, Q. Ivanyushenkov, Y. Kasa, M. Moog, E. R. Pfotenhauer, J. M. Potratz, D. C. Skiadopoulos, D. Syrovatin, V. M. Trakhtenberg, E. M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOSTAT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT FOR A SUPERCONDUCTING UNDULATOR FOR THE APS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE APS; cryogenics; cryostat; cryocooler; superconducting magnet; undulator AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) upgrade project at Argonne National Laboratory includes the implementation of superconducting undulator insertion devices. A development program is under way to build, test, and operate a prototype device in the storage ring. We present the overall design concept including superconducting magnet structure, cryocooler-based cooling system, and cryostat as well as a status report on the R&D program. Results of cryocooler performance characterization using a model magnet in a test cryostat are described. C1 [Fuerst, J. D.; Doose, C.; Hasse, Q.; Ivanyushenkov, Y.; Kasa, M.; Moog, E. R.; Potratz, D. C.; Skiadopoulos, D.; Trakhtenberg, E. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pfotenhauer, J. M.; Potratz, D. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Skiadopoulos, D.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Fuerst, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 901 EP 908 DI 10.1063/1.4707006 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600106 ER PT S AU Ohuchi, N Arkan, T Barbanotti, S Carter, H Kerby, J Nakai, H Pagani, C Peterson, TJ Pierini, P Tsuchiya, K Yamamoto, A Zong, Z AF Ohuchi, N. Arkan, T. Barbanotti, S. Carter, H. Kerby, J. Nakai, H. Pagani, C. Peterson, T. J. Pierini, P. Tsuchiya, K. Yamamoto, A. Zong, Z. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI STUDY OF THERMAL RADIATION SHIELDS FOR THE ILC CRYOMODULE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE ILC cryomodule; 5 K thermal shield; thermal radiation AB The main linacs of the International Linear Collider are composed of 1824 cryomodules. As part of the R&D on the cryomodule, simplifications of the design were considered to reduce the construction and installation costs, including the possibility of removing a portion of the 5 K thermal shield. For this investigation the heat load measurements of a 6 meter cryomodule with and without the 5 K shield were performed, and used to determine emissivity coefficients. A thermal model of a full cryomodule was then created, and the heat loads of the cryomodule with the full set of the 5 K shield and without the lower 5 K shield were calculated with these parameters. By using a modified cooling scheme for the high temperature thermal shielding, we showed that the heat loads at 2 K between two models are substantially equivalent, and indeed, the thermal model without the 5 K lower shield requires 2% less work from the refrigerator. C1 [Ohuchi, N.; Nakai, H.; Tsuchiya, K.; Yamamoto, A.; Zong, Z.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Arkan, T.; Barbanotti, S.; Carter, H.; Kerby, J.; Peterson, T. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Pagani, C.; Pierini, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl LASA, I-20090 Milan, Italy. RP Ohuchi, N (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RI Pierini, Paolo/J-3555-2012 OI Pierini, Paolo/0000-0002-3062-6181 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1063/1.4707009 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600109 ER PT S AU Kedzie, M Conway, ZA Fuerst, JD Gerbick, SM Kelly, MP Morgan, J Ostroumov, PN O'Toole, M Shepard, KW AF Kedzie, M. Conway, Z. A. Fuerst, J. D. Gerbick, S. M. Kelly, M. P. Morgan, J. Ostroumov, P. N. O'Toole, M. Shepard, K. W. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SRF CAVITY CRYOMODULE FOR THE ATLAS INTENSITY UPGRADE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE ATLAS heavy ion linac; cryomodule; superconducting rf cavity AB The ATLAS heavy ion linac at Argonne National Laboratory is undergoing an intensity upgrade that includes the development and implementation of a new cryomodule containing four superconducting solenoids and seven quarter-wave drift-tube-loaded superconducting rf cavities. The rf cavities extend the state of the art for this class of structure and feature ASME code stamped stainless steel liquid helium containment vessels. The cryomodule design is a further evolution of techniques recently implemented in a previous upgrade [1]. We provide a status report on the construction effort and describe the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, cold mass support and alignment, and other subsystems including couplers and tuners. Cavity mechanical design is also reviewed. C1 [Kedzie, M.; Conway, Z. A.; Fuerst, J. D.; Gerbick, S. M.; Kelly, M. P.; Morgan, J.; Ostroumov, P. N.; O'Toole, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shepard, K. W.] TechSource Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kedzie, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX y This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 937 EP 944 DI 10.1063/1.4707010 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600110 ER PT S AU Pogue, NJ McIntyre, PM Sattarov, A Reece, C AF Pogue, N. J. McIntyre, P. M. Sattarov, A. Reece, C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI MEASUREMENT OF THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PURITY SAPPHIRE AT 1.865 GHZ FROM 2-10 KELVIN SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE sapphire; SRF cavity; TE mode; loss tangent; and heat capacity AB A dielectric test cavity was designed and tested to measure the microwave dielectric properties of ultrapure sapphire at cryogenic temperatures. Measurements were performed by placing a large cylindrical crystal of sapphire in a Nb superconducting cavity operating in the TE01 mode at 1.865 GHz. The dielectric constant, heat capacity, and loss tangent were all calculated using experimental data and RF modeling software. The motivation for these measurements was to determine if such a sapphire could be used as a dielectric lens to focus the magnetic field onto a sample wafer in a high field wafer test cavity. The measured properties have been used to finalize the design of the wafer test cavity. C1 [Pogue, N. J.; McIntyre, P. M.; Sattarov, A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Reece, C.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pogue, NJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. OI Reece, Charles/0000-0003-1939-8699 FU Department of Energy [DEFG0210ER41650] FX This work is supported by the Department of Energy Grant #DEFG0210ER41650. We thank all the technicians and scientists at Jefferson Lab for their assistance in completing this project. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 945 EP 952 DI 10.1063/1.4707011 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600111 ER PT S AU Valderrama, E James, C Krishnan, M Zhao, X Phillips, L Reece, C Seo, K AF Valderrama, E. James, C. Krishnan, M. Zhao, X. Phillips, L. Reece, C. Seo, K. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI HIGH-RRR THIN-FILMS OF NB PRODUCED USING ENERGETIC CONDENSATION FROM A COAXIAL, ROTATING VACUUM ARC PLASMA (CED (TM)) SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE accelerator cavities; annealing; condensation; crystal structure; electrical resistivity; grain boundaries; grain size; metallic thin films; niobium; superconducting thin films; vacuum deposition; vapor deposition; X-ray diffraction ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; NIOBIUM; EVAPORATION; DEPOSITION AB We have recently demonstrated unprecedentedly high values of RRR (up to 542) in thin-films of pure Nb deposited on a-plane sapphire and MgO crystal substrates. The Nb films were grown using a vacuum arc discharge struck between a reactor grade Nb cathode rod (RRR similar to 30) and a coaxial, semi-transparent Mo mesh anode, with a heated substrate placed just outside it. The substrates were pre-heated for several hours prior to deposition at different temperatures. Low pre-heat temperatures (<300 degrees C) and deposition temperatures (<300 degrees C) give low RRR (<50) films, whereas higher pre-heat (700 degrees C) and coating temperatures (500 degrees C) give RRR=214 on a-sapphire and RRR=542 on MgO. XRD (Bragg-Brentano scans and Pole Figures), EBSD and SIMS data reveal several features: (1) on a-sapphire, higher temperatures show better 3D registry for epitaxial growth of Nb; the crystal structure evolves from textured, polycrystalline (with twins) to single-crystal; (2) on MgO, there is a transition from {110} planes to {100} as the temperature is increased beyond 500 C. The dramatic increase in RRR (from similar to 10 at <300 degrees C to similar to 500 at >600 degrees C) is correlated with better epitaxial crystal structure in both a-sapphire and MgO substrate grown films. However, the SIMS data reveal that the most important requirement for high-RRR Nb films on either substrate is the reduction of impurities in the film, especially hydrogen. The hydrogen content in the MgO grown films is 1000 times lower than in bulk Nb tested as a reference from SRF cavity grade Nb. This result has potential implications for SRF accelerators. Coating bulk Nb cavities with an MgO layer followed by our CED (TM) deposited Nb films, might create superior SRF cavities that would avoid Q-slope and operate at higher peak fields. This research was supported by Department of Energy grants DE-SC0004994 and DE-FG02-08ER85162. C1 [Valderrama, E.; James, C.; Krishnan, M.] AASC, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Zhao, X.; Phillips, L.; Reece, C.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Seo, K.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. RP Valderrama, E (reprint author), AASC, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; [DE-FG02-08ER85162]; [DE-SC0004994] FX This research is funded by DE-FG02-08ER85162 and DE-SC0004994. The Jefferson Science Associates, LLC effort supported by DE-AC05-06OR23177, with supplemental funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. We specially thank Drs F. Stevie and Z.H. Sung for the SIMS data and for high resolution SEM images. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 953 EP 960 DI 10.1063/1.470712 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600112 ER PT S AU Nobrega, F Brandt, J Cheban, S Feher, S Kaducak, M Kashikhin, V Peterson, T AF Nobrega, F. Brandt, J. Cheban, S. Feher, S. Kaducak, M. Kashikhin, V. Peterson, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI SUPERCONDUCTING LINK BUS DESIGN FOR THE ACCELERATOR PROJECT FOR UPGRADE OF LHC SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE APUL; beam-guiding; focusing magnets; superconducting splice cables; superconducting link AB The Accelerator Project for Upgrade of LHC (APUL) is a U. S. project participating in and contributing to CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) upgrade program. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in collaboration with Brookhaven National Laboratory was developing sub-systems for the upgrade of the LHC final focus magnet systems. Part of the upgrade called for various lengths of superconducting power transmission lines known as Superconducting (SC) Links which were up to 100 m long. The SC Link electrically connects the current leads in the Distribution Feed Boxes to the interaction region magnets. The SC Link is an extension of the magnet bus housed within a cryostat. The present concept for the bus consists of 22 power cables, 4 x 13 kA, 2 x 7 kA, 8 x 2.5 kA and 8 x 0.6 kA bundled into one bus. Different cable and strand possibilities were considered for the bus design including Rutherford cable. The Rutherford cable bus design potentially would have required splices at each sharp elbow in the SC Link. The advantage of the round bus design is that splices are only required at each end of the bus during installation at CERN. The round bus is very flexible and is suitable for pulling through the cryostat. Development of the round bus prototype and of 2 splice designs is described in this paper. Magnetic analysis and mechanical test results of the 13 kA cable and splices are presented. C1 [Nobrega, F.; Brandt, J.; Cheban, S.; Feher, S.; Kaducak, M.; Kashikhin, V.; Peterson, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nobrega, F (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1009 EP 1016 DI 10.1063/1.4707019 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600119 ER PT S AU Schwenterly, SW Pleva, EF Ha, TT AF Schwenterly, S. W. Pleva, E. F. Ha, T. T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOGENIC LIFETIME TESTS ON A COMMERCIAL EPOXY RESIN HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHING SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE High voltage bushings; cryogenics; high temperature superconductors; current leads AB High-temperature superconducting (HTS) power devices operating in liquid nitrogen frequently require high-voltage bushings to carry the current leads from the superconducting windings to the room temperature grid connections. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is collaborating with Waukesha Electric Systems (WES), SuperPower (SP), and Southern California Edison (SCE) to develop and demonstrate an HTS utility power transformer. Previous dielectric high voltage tests in support of this program have been carried out in test cryostats with commercial epoxy resin bushings from Electro Composites Inc. (ECI). Though the bushings performed well in these short-term tests, their long-term operation at high voltage in liquid nitrogen (LN) needs to be verified for use on the utility grid. Long-term tests are being carried out on a sample 28-kV-rms-class ECI bushing. The bushing has a monolithic cast, cycloaliphatic resin body and is fire- and shatter-resistant. The test cryostat is located in an interlocked cage and is continuously energized at 25 kVac rms. LN is automatically refilled every 9.5 hours. Partial discharge, capacitance, and leakage resistance tests are periodically performed to check for deviations from factory values. At present, over 2400 hours have been accumulated with no changes in these parameters. The tests are scheduled to run for four to six months. C1 [Schwenterly, S. W.; Ha, T. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pleva, E. F.] Waukesha Elect Syst, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP Schwenterly, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1025 EP 1030 DI 10.1063/1.4707021 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600121 ER PT S AU Xu, T Casagrande, F Ganni, R Knudsen, P Strong, WH AF Xu, T. Casagrande, F. Ganni, R. Knudsen, P. Strong, W. H. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI STATUS OF CRYOGENIC SYSTEM FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE'S SUPERCONDUCTING RADIOFREQUENCY TEST FACILITY AT OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Cryogenic Testing Facility; SRF Cavity testing; Cryomodule Testing AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) is building an independent cryogenic system for its Superconducting Radiofrequency Test Facility (SRFTF). The system will provide refrigeration for the SNS cryomodule test and cavity test at both 2K (using vacuum pumped helium) and 4.5K for the maintenance purposes and the Power Upgrade Project of SNS. It will also provide the part of the cooling power needed to backup the existing CHL to keep the Linac at 4.5K during CHL future maintenance periods. The system will be constructed in multiple phases. The first phase is to construct an independent 4.5K helium refrigeration system with a helium Dewar and distribution box as the load interface. It is scheduled to be commissioned in 2013. Here we report on the design concept for the system and the status of the first phase of this project. C1 [Xu, T.; Casagrande, F.; Strong, W. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ganni, R.; Knudsen, P.] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 43210 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1063/1.4707028 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600128 ER PT S AU Soyars, W Bossert, R Darve, C DeGraff, B Dalesandro, A Hansen, B Klebaner, A Nicol, T Pei, L White, M AF Soyars, W. Bossert, R. Darve, C. DeGraff, B. Dalesandro, A. Hansen, B. Klebaner, A. Nicol, T. Pei, L. White, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI SRF CAVITY TESTING STATUS AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Test facilities; Superconducting RF; ILC; Cryomodule ID TEST FACILITY AB The cryogenic system at the Meson Detector Building (MDB) has now supported over four years of testing of fully assembled SRF cavities. The Horizontal Test Stand (HTS) has tested single, fully dressed 1.3 GHz and 3.9 GHz cavities at 2 K as final qualification prior to their installation into accelerator-ready cryomodules. The MDB cryogenic system has been expanded to support an additional cavity test area, the Spoke Resonator Test (SRT) area, for 325 MHz single-spoke resonators. The SRT area currently supports 4.5 K operations for research and development of the spoke cavities with tuner and coupler. The test area addition required the design and installation of a new cryogenic transfer line extension to reach this second test area and to allow for independent operations of either cavity test system. The cryogenic performance and operational experiences of both cavity test areas, operating individually or simultaneously, will be discussed. The general reliability of operating the closed, subatmospheric helium system free of contaminants will be discussed. Future plans for the MDB test area include lowering the SRT temperature to 2 K and adding an additional Horizontal Test Stand (HTS-2). C1 [Soyars, W.; Bossert, R.; Darve, C.; DeGraff, B.; Dalesandro, A.; Hansen, B.; Klebaner, A.; Nicol, T.; Pei, L.; White, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Soyars, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1108 EP 1114 DI 10.1063/1.4707031 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600131 ER PT S AU Martinez, A Klebaner, AL Theilacker, JC DeGraff, BD White, MJ Johnson, GS AF Martinez, A. Klebaner, A. L. Theilacker, J. C. DeGraff, B. D. White, M. J. Johnson, G. S. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI FERMILAB SRF CRYOMODULE OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Test facilities; Superconducting RF; Cryomodule AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is constructing an Advanced Accelerator Research and Development facility at New Muon Lab. The cryogenic infrastructure in support of the initial phase of the facility consists of two Tevatron style standalone refrigerators, cryogenic distribution system as well as an ambient temperature pumping system to achieve 2 K operations with supporting purification systems. During this phase of the project a single Type III plus 1.3 GHz cryomodule was installed, cooled and tested. Design constraints of the cryomodule required that the cryomodule individual circuits be cooled at predetermined rates. These constraints required special design solutions to achieve. This paper describes the initial cooldown and operational experience of a 1.3 GHz cryomodule using the New Muon Lab cryogenic system. C1 [Martinez, A.; Klebaner, A. L.; Theilacker, J. C.; DeGraff, B. D.; White, M. J.; Johnson, G. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Martinez, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1123 EP 1129 DI 10.1063/1.4707033 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600133 ER PT S AU Streit, JR Razani, A AF Streit, J. R. Razani, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI SECOND-LAW ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF REVERSE BRAYTON CYCLES OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE reverse-Brayton refrigeration cycle; cryocooler; auxiliary cooling; 2nd law analysis; exergy ID CRYOCOOLER; DESIGN AB Second-law of thermodynamics (2nd law) and exergy analyses and optimization of four Reverse Brayton Refrigeration (RBR) cryogenic cycle configurations: Conventional 1-stage compression cycle; Conventional 2-stage compression cycle; 1-stage compression Modified cycle with intermediate cooling of the recuperator using an auxiliary cooler; and an Integrated 2-stage expansion RBR cycle are performed. The conventional RBR cycles are analyzed for low and high pressure ratio applications using multistage compressors with intercooling. Analytical solutions for the conventional cycles are developed including thermal and fluid flow irreversibilities of the recuperators and all heat exchangers in addition to the compression and expansion processes. Analytical solutions are used to find the thermodynamic bounds for the performance of the cycles. Exergy irreversibility diagrams of the cycles are developed and the effects of important system parameters on RBR cycle performance are investigated. 2nd law/exergy analyses, and optimization of the cycles with intermediate cooling of the recuperator, considering the cooling temperature and the recuperator effectiveness and pressure drop, are included. The effect of the 2nd law/exergy efficiency of the auxiliary cooler on the total system efficiencies is presented. C1 [Streit, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K778, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Razani, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Streit, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K778, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1140 EP 1148 DI 10.1063/1.4707035 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600135 ER PT S AU Duckworth, RC Baylor, LR Meitner, SJ Combs, SK Rasmussen, DA Hechler, M Edgemon, TD Barbier, CN Pearce, RJH Kersevan, R Dremel, M Boissin, JC AF Duckworth, R. C. Baylor, L. R. Meitner, S. J. Combs, S. K. Rasmussen, D. A. Hechler, M. Edgemon, T. D. Barbier, C. N. Pearce, R. J. H. Kersevan, R. Dremel, M. Boissin, J. -C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF A SUPERCRITICAL HELIUM-COOLED CRYOGENIC VISCOUS COMPRESSOR PROTOTYPE FOR THE ITER VACUUM SYSTEM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE ITER; cryopump; hydrogen; regeneration AB As part of the vacuum system for the ITER fusion project, a cryogenic viscous compressor (CVC) is being developed to collect hydrogenic exhaust gases from the torus cryopumps and compress them to a high enough pressure by regeneration for pumping to the tritium reprocessing facility. Helium impurities that are a byproduct of the fusion reactions pass through the CVC and are pumped by conventional vacuum pumps and exhausted to the atmosphere. Before the development of a full-scale CVC, a representative, small-scale test prototype was designed, fabricated, and tested. With cooling provided by cold helium gas, hydrogen gas was introduced into the central column of the test prototype pump at flow rates between 0.001 g/s and 0.008 g/s. Based on the temperatures and flow rates of the cold helium gas, different percentages of hydrogen gas were frozen to the column surface wall as the hydrogen gas flow rate increased. Results from the measured temperatures and pressures will form a benchmark that will be used to judge future heat transfer enhancements to the prototype CVC and to develop a computational fluid dynamic model that will help develop design parameters for the full-scale CVC. C1 [Duckworth, R. C.; Baylor, L. R.; Meitner, S. J.; Combs, S. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rasmussen, D. A.; Hechler, M.; Edgemon, T. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 38731 USA. [Barbier, C. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 38731 USA. [Pearce, R. J. H.; Kersevan, R.; Dremel, M.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Barbier, Charlotte/0000-0003-2752-0148 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory by UTBattelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UTBattelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. This report was prepared as an account of work by or for the ITER Organization. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1234 EP 1242 DI 10.1063/1.4707046 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600146 ER PT S AU Lombardo, V Barzi, E Turrioni, D Zlobin, AV AF Lombardo, V. Barzi, E. Turrioni, D. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI INSERT COIL TEST FOR HEP HIGH FIELD MAGNETS USING YBa2Cu3O7-delta COATED CONDUCTOR TAPES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Superconducting magnets; high field solenoids; YBCO coated conductors; anisotropy AB The final beam cooling stages of a Muon Collider require DC solenoid magnets with magnetic fields of 30-50 T. In this paper we present progress in insert coil development using commercially available YBa2Cu3O7-delta Coated Conductor. Technological aspects covered in the development, including coil geometry, insulation, manufacturing process and testing are summarized and discussed. Test results of double pancake coils operated in liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are presented and compared with the performance of YBa2Cu3O7-delta tape short samples. C1 [Lombardo, V.; Barzi, E.; Turrioni, D.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lombardo, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1381 EP 1388 DI 10.1063/1.4707064 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600164 ER PT S AU Dalesandro, A Theilacker, J Van Sciver, SW AF Dalesandro, A. Theilacker, J. Van Sciver, S. W. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI EXPERIMENT FOR TRANSIENT EFFECTS OF SUDDEN CATASTROPHIC LOSS OF VACUUM ON A SCALED SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY CRYOMODULE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Superfluid Helium; Loss of Vacuum; Condensation Heat Transfer; Superconducting RF AB Safe operation of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities require design consideration of a sudden catastrophic loss of vacuum (SCLV) adjacent with liquid helium (LHe) vessels and subsequent dangers. An experiment is discussed to test the longitudinal effects of SCLV along the beam line of a string of scaled SRF cavities. Each scaled cavity includes one segment of beam tube within a LHe vessel containing 2 K saturated LHe, and a riser pipe connecting the LHe vessel to a common gas header. At the beam tube inlet is a fast acting solenoid valve to simulate SCLV and a high/low range orifice plate flow-meter to measure air influx to the cavity. The gas header exit also has an orifice plate flow-meter to measure helium venting the system at the relief pressure of 0.4 MPa. Each cavity is instrumented with Validyne pressure transducers and Cernox thermometers. The purpose of this experiment is to quantify the time required to spoil the beam vacuum and the effects of transient heat and mass transfer on the helium system. Heat transfer data is expected to reveal a longitudinal effect due to the geometry of the experiment. Details of the experimental design criteria and objectives are presented. C1 [Dalesandro, A.; Theilacker, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Van Sciver, S. W.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Dalesandro, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02- 07CH11359] FX Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Thanks to Mark Vanderlaan for technical assistance NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1567 EP 1574 DI 10.1063/1.4707087 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600187 ER PT S AU Peterson, T Hayano, H Jensch, K Kako, E Klebaner, A Mammosser, J Matheisen, A Nakai, H Nicol, T Theilacker, J Yamamoto, A AF Peterson, T. Hayano, H. Jensch, K. Kako, E. Klebaner, A. Mammosser, J. Matheisen, A. Nakai, H. Nicol, T. Theilacker, J. Yamamoto, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI A SURVEY OF PRESSURE VESSEL CODE COMPLIANCE METHODS FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY CRYOMODULES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Niobium; SRF; Superconductivity; RF cavities; Pressure vessel AB Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made from niobium and cooled with liquid helium are becoming key components of many particle accelerators. The helium vessels surrounding the RF cavities, portions of the niobium cavities themselves, and also possibly the vacuum vessels containing these assemblies, generally fall under the scope of local and national pressure vessel codes. In the U. S., Department of Energy rules require national laboratories to follow national consensus pressure vessel standards or to show "a level of safety greater than or equal to" that of the applicable standard. Thus, while used for its superconducting properties, niobium ends up being treated as a low-temperature pressure vessel material. Niobium material is not a code listed material and therefore requires the designer to understand the mechanical properties for material used in each pressure vessel fabrication; compliance with pressure vessel codes therefore becomes a problem. This report summarizes the approaches that various institutions have taken in order to bring superconducting RF cryomodules into compliance with pressure vessel codes. C1 [Peterson, T.; Klebaner, A.; Nicol, T.; Theilacker, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Hayano, H.; Kako, E.; Yamamoto, A.] KEK High Energy Accelerator Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Jensch, K.; Matheisen, A.] Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Mammosser, J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Peterson, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Work at Fermilab is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1575 EP 1582 DI 10.1063/1.4707088 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600188 ER PT S AU Yuksek, E Knudsen, P Norton, R Ganni, V AF Yuksek, E. Knudsen, P. Norton, R. Ganni, V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF REFRIGERATION RECOVERY FOR EXPERIMENTAL HALL HIGH TARGET LOADS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE heat exchanger; helium; refrigerator; recovery; target AB The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab (JLab) is a 3000 W hydrogen target scheduled to run until the planned shutdown in the spring of 2012 for the 12 GeV installation. As detailed in previous proceedings [1], support of this target's cryogenic load was made possible by incorporating modifications to the End Station Refrigerator (ESR) to recover the refrigeration supplied by the Central Helium Liquefier (CHL). Testing and commissioning for these modifications was performed in January and February 2010 demonstrating that the performance met or exceeded projected expectations. In this paper, we present the analysis of the test results in regards to the actual loads capable of being supported and the process boundaries encountered, as well as a discussion of the commissioning results for the cryogenic support of the Qweak target. C1 [Yuksek, E.; Knudsen, P.; Norton, R.; Ganni, V.] TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Yuksek, E (reprint author), TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1751 EP 1756 DI 10.1063/1.4707110 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600210 ER PT S AU Schmitt, R Smith, G Ruschman, M Beaty, J AF Schmitt, Richard Smith, Gary Ruschman, Mark Beaty, Jim BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI APPLICATION OF CRYOCOOLERS TO A VINTAGE DILUTION REFRIGERATOR SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE dilution refrigerator pulse tube cryocooler re-liquefier Soudan cryogenic dark matter search AB A dilution refrigerator is required for 50 mK detector operation of CDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search). Besides shielding the dilution refrigerator itself, the liquid nitrogen shield and liquid helium bath in the refrigerator cool the detector cryostat heat shields and cool electronics, resulting in significant external heat loads at 80 K and at 4 K. An Oxford Instruments Kelvinox 400 has served this role for ten years but required daily transfers of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. Complicating the cryogen supply is the location 800 meters below ground in an RF shielded, class 10000 clean room at Soudan, MN. Nitrogen and helium re-liquefiers using cryocoolers were installed outside the clean room and continuously condense room temperature gas and return the liquids to the dilution refrigerator through a transfer line. This paper will describe the design, installation, controls and performance of liquefaction systems. C1 [Schmitt, Richard; Smith, Gary; Ruschman, Mark] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Beaty, Jim] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Schmitt, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1815 EP 1822 DI 10.1063/1.4707118 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600218 ER PT S AU Jones, S Arenius, D Fila, A Geutschow, P Laumer, H Johnson, M Waltz, C Weisend, JG AF Jones, S. Arenius, D. Fila, A. Geutschow, P. Laumer, H. Johnson, M. Waltz, Cory Weisend, J. G., II BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOGENIC DISTRIBUTION FOR THE FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Cryogenics; linear accelerators; superconducting magnets; FRIB AB The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is a new National User Facility for nuclear science funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science and operated by Michigan State University. The FRIB accelerator linac consists of superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) cavities operating at 2 K and SC magnets operating at 4.5 K all cooled by a large scale cryogenic refrigeration system. A major subsystem of the cryogenic system will be the distribution system whose primary components will include a distribution box, the transfer lines and the interconnect valve boxes at each cryogenic device. An overview of the conceptual design of the distribution system including engineering details, capabilities and schedule is described. C1 [Jones, S.; Fila, A.; Geutschow, P.; Laumer, H.; Johnson, M.; Waltz, Cory; Weisend, J. G., II] Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Arenius, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jones, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [SC0000661] FX The authors wish to thank the FRIB project team for all their efforts and support of this work. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1919 EP 1926 DI 10.1063/1.4707130 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600230 ER PT S AU Potratz, DC Pfotenhauer, JM Hasse, Q Ivanyushenkov, Y Moog, ER Kustom, RL AF Potratz, D. C. Pfotenhauer, J. M. Hasse, Q. Ivanyushenkov, Y. Moog, E. R. Kustom, R. L. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI A HELIUM THERMOSIPHON COOLING LOOP FOR THE APS SUPERCONDUCTING UNDULATOR SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH DE Helium; thermosiphon; two-phase helium; minor losses; superconducting undulator AB A thermosiphon cooling system is being pursued as part of the superconducting undulator magnet development at Argonne National Laboratory. Analyses carried out at the University of Wisconsin-Madison address several unique features for the helium-filled cooling loop including sub-cooling associated with the hydrostatic head, the impact of a heat load deposited primarily along the horizontal channel, and two-phase flow characterization at extremely low quality conditions. Results of the analyses are compared with experimental measurements for a full-scale cooling loop. Both the analyses and measurements address the design objective of maintaining the superconducting windings well below their current sharing temperature by exploring the flow induced heat transfer to the single and two-phase regions of the helium cooling loop. C1 [Potratz, D. C.; Pfotenhauer, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Potratz, D. C.; Hasse, Q.; Ivanyushenkov, Y.; Moog, E. R.; Kustom, R. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Potratz, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU Argonne National Laboratory [9F-31982]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by Argonne National Laboratory under contract No. 9F-31982, and by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1020-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1434 BP 1991 EP 1998 DI 10.1063/1.4707139 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH76 UT WOS:000306860600239 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Takei, K Zhang, JJ Kapadia, R Zheng, M Chen, YZ Nah, J Matthews, TS Chueh, YL Ager, JW Javey, A AF Lee, Min Hyung Takei, Kuniharu Zhang, Junjun Kapadia, Rehan Zheng, Maxwell Chen, Yu-Ze Nah, Junghyo Matthews, Tyler S. Chueh, Yu-Lun Ager, Joel W. Javey, Ali TI p-Type InP Nanopillar Photocathodes for Efficient Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; nanostructures; photosynthesis; semiconductors; water splitting ID PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; SURFACE RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; WATER; CONVERSION; REDUCTION; NANOTUBE; ARRAYS C1 [Lee, Min Hyung; Takei, Kuniharu; Zhang, Junjun; Kapadia, Rehan; Zheng, Maxwell; Nah, Junghyo; Ager, Joel W.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Min Hyung; Takei, Kuniharu; Zhang, Junjun; Kapadia, Rehan; Zheng, Maxwell; Nah, Junghyo; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Min Hyung; Matthews, Tyler S.; Ager, Joel W.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Yu-Ze; Chueh, Yu-Lun] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. RP Ager, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwager@lbl.gov; ajavey@berkeley.edu RI Kapadia, Rehan/B-4100-2013; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; Nah, Junghyo/P-3761-2015; Chueh, Yu-Lun/E-2053-2013; OI Kapadia, Rehan/0000-0002-7611-0551; Nah, Junghyo/0000-0001-9975-239X; Chueh, Yu-Lun/0000-0002-0155-9987; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]; Sloan Research Fellowship; World Class University program at Sunchon National University FX The materials preparation and device fabrication were supported by Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center. The material and device characterizations were performed in the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number DE-SC0004993. A.J. acknowledges a Sloan Research Fellowship and support from the World Class University program at Sunchon National University. NR 31 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 17 U2 151 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 43 BP 10760 EP 10764 DI 10.1002/anie.201203174 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 023ZH UT WOS:000310076100013 PM 23001825 ER PT S AU Gadgil, A Liverman, DM AF Gadgil, Ashok Liverman, Diana M. BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI Annual Review of Environment and Resources Preface SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 37 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gadgil, Ashok] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Gadgil, Ashok] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gadgil, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2337-0 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2012 VL 37 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCH92 UT WOS:000310224900001 ER PT S AU Gadgil, A Liverman, DM AF Gadgil, Ashok Liverman, Diana M. BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI Who Should Read This Series? SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 37 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gadgil, Ashok] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gadgil, Ashok] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Gadgil, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2337-0 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2012 VL 37 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCH92 UT WOS:000310224900002 ER PT S AU Birkholzer, J Houseworth, J Tsang, CF AF Birkholzer, Jens Houseworth, James Tsang, Chin-Fu BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste: Status, Key Issues, and Trends SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 37 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE barriers; isolation; repository; safety ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; NUCLEAR-WASTE; BOOM CLAY; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; REPOSITORY; ROCK; BEHAVIOR; PROJECT; SITE AB The permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste is one of the major technical hurdles that must be addressed if electrical power production by nuclear energy is to remain viable. The main challenge is that the waste must be effectively isolated from interactions with the biosphere for hundreds of thousands of years. A number of permanent disposal options have been proposed and reviewed by various countries and scientific organizations during the past few decades, and there appears to be a consensus today that mined geologic disposal is the most practical and effective method. Several variations on mined geologic disposal are being intensively studied by waste-producing countries. These investigations address a wide range of scientific questions, such as the behavior of geological and engineered barriers over time and the use of quantitative modeling and/or qualitative observational evidence to demonstrate the safety of disposal. The present review provides an overview of current approaches, scientific issues, and safety assessments related to mined geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste. C1 [Birkholzer, Jens; Houseworth, James; Tsang, Chin-Fu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Birkholzer, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JTBirkholzer@lbl.gov; JEHouseworth@lbl.gov; cftsang@lbl.gov RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Houseworth, James/D-8749-2015 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; NR 108 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 54 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2337-0 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2012 VL 37 BP 79 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev-environ-090611-143314 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCH92 UT WOS:000310224900006 ER PT J AU Matson, BD Carver, CT Von Ruden, A Yang, JY Raugei, S Mayer, JM AF Matson, Benjamin D. Carver, Colin T. Von Ruden, Amber Yang, Jenny Y. Raugei, Simone Mayer, James M. TI Distant protonated pyridine groups in water-soluble iron porphyrin electrocatalysts promote selective oxygen reduction to water SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DIOXYGEN; O-2; ELECTROREDUCTION; SYSTEMS; LIGAND; MODEL AB Fe(III)-meso-tetra(pyridyl) porphyrins are electrocatalysts for the reduction of dioxygen in aqueous acidic solution. The 2-pyridyl derivatives, both the triflate and chloride salts, are more selective for the desired 4e(-) reduction than the isomeric 4-pyridyl complexes. The inward-pointing pyridinium groups influence proton delivery despite their distance from the iron centre. C1 [Matson, Benjamin D.; Carver, Colin T.; Mayer, James M.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Von Ruden, Amber; Yang, Jenny Y.; Raugei, Simone] PNNL, Richland, WA USA. RP Mayer, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jyy@caltech.edu; Simone.Raugei@pnnl.gov; mayer@chem.washington.edu FU Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This research was supported as part of the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science. AV and JYY were supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy. Computational resources were provided at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 90 BP 11100 EP 11102 DI 10.1039/c2cc35576k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 021XE UT WOS:000309918000012 PM 23041951 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Burns, PC AF Nyman, May Burns, Peter C. TI A comprehensive comparison of transition-metal and actinyl polyoxometalates SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID URANYL-PEROXIDE NANOCLUSTERS; CAGE CLUSTERS; SOLID-STATE; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HYBRID POLYOXONIOBATE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LINDQVIST ION; CATIONS; ANION AB While the d(0) transition-metal POMs of Group V (V5+, Nb5+, Ta5+) and Group VI (Mo6+, W6+) have been known for more than a century, the actinyl peroxide POMs, specifically those built of uranyl triperoxide or uranyl dihydroxidediperoxide polyhedra, were only realized within the last decade. While virtually every metal on the Periodic Table can form discrete clusters of some type, the actinyls are the only-in addition to the transition-metal POMs- whose chemistry is dictated by the prevalence of the 'yl' oxygen ligand. Thus this emerging structural, solution, and computational chemistry of actinide POMs warrants comparison to the mature chemistry of transition-metal POMs. This assessment between the transition-metal POMs and actinyl POMs (uranyl peroxide POMs, specifically) has provided much insight to the similarities and differences between these two chemistries. We further break down the comparison between the alkaline POMs of Nb and Ta; and the acidic POMs of V, Mo and W. This more indepth literature review and discussion reveals that while an initial evaluation suggests the actinyl POMs are more akin to the alkaline transition-metal POMs, they actually share characteristics unique to the acidic POMs as well. This tutorial review is meant to provide fodder for deriving new POM chemistries of both the familiar transition-metals and the emerging actinides, as well as fostering communication and collaboration between the two scientific communities. C1 [Nyman, May] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Burns, Peter C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov; pburns@nd.edu RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628 FU Materials Science of Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001089]; Department of Energy's National Nuclear SecurityAdministration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported as part of the Materials Science of Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001089. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the Department of Energy's National Nuclear SecurityAdministration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 91 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 19 U2 154 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7354 EP 7367 DI 10.1039/c2cs35136f PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 023WR UT WOS:000310068300003 PM 22695929 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Hillesheim, PC Mahurin, SM Wang, CM Tian, CC Brown, S Luo, HM Veith, GM Han, KS Hagaman, EW Liu, HL Dai, S AF Zhu, Xiang Hillesheim, Patrick C. Mahurin, Shannon M. Wang, Congmin Tian, Chengcheng Brown, Suree Luo, Huimin Veith, Gabriel M. Han, Kee Sung Hagaman, Edward W. Liu, Honglai Dai, Sheng TI Efficient CO2 Capture by Porous, Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Adsorbents Derived from Task-Specific Ionic Liquids SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE adsorption; carbon; carbon dioxide fixation; ionic liquids; nitrogen ID HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; DIOXIDE CAPTURE; MESOPOROUS CARBONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-CAPACITY; FRAMEWORKS; ADSORPTION; SORBENTS; PRECURSORS; SEPARATION AB The search for a better carbon dioxide (CO2) capture material is attracting significant attention because of an increase in anthropogenic emissions. Porous materials are considered to be among the most promising candidates. A series of porous, nitrogen-doped carbons for CO2 capture have been developed by using high-yield carbonization reactions from task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL) precursors. Owing to strong interactions between the CO2 molecules and nitrogen-containing basic sites within the carbon framework, the porous nitrogen-doped compound derived from the carbonization of a TSIL at 500 degrees C, CN500, exhibits an exceptional CO2 absorption capacity of 193 mg of CO2 per g sorbent (4.39 mmol g(-1) at 0 degrees C and 1 bar), which demonstrates a significantly higher capacity than previously reported adsorbents. The application of TSILs as precursors for porous materials provides a new avenue for the development of improved materials for carbon capture. C1 [Zhu, Xiang; Wang, Congmin; Tian, Chengcheng; Brown, Suree; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. [Zhu, Xiang; Tian, Chengcheng; Liu, Honglai] E China Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Chem Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xiang; Tian, Chengcheng; Liu, Honglai] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Hillesheim, Patrick C.; Mahurin, Shannon M.; Han, Kee Sung; Hagaman, Edward W.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Congmin] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Veith, Gabriel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. EM chewcm@zju.edu.cn; hlliu@ecust.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov RI Wang, Congmin/I-7889-2013; Zhu, Xiang/P-6867-2014; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Zhu, Xiang/0000-0002-3973-4998; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Han, Kee Sung/0000-0002-3535-1818 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bio-sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-ENERGY; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20990224, 21076071]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2008AA062302]; 111 Project of China [B08021]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China FX S.M.M., C. W., C. C. T., S. B., H. L., E. W. H., K. S. H., and S. D. were sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bio-sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. X.Z. and P. H. were financially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-ENERGY. G. M. V. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. X.Z., C. C. T., and H. L. L. acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20990224, 21076071), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2008AA062302), the 111 Project of China (No. B08021), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 13 U2 180 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2012 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1912 EP 1917 DI 10.1002/cssc.201200355 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 023YP UT WOS:000310074200007 PM 22907832 ER PT J AU Sun, XG Wang, XQ Mayes, RT Dai, S AF Sun, Xiao-Guang Wang, Xiqing Mayes, Richard T. Dai, Sheng TI Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon and an Ionic-Liquid Electrolyte SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE batteries; carbon; ionic liquids; mesoporous materials; sulfur ID CYCLE LIFE CHARACTERISTICS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE; MESOPOROUS CARBON; POLYMER BATTERIES; CATHODE; CELL; COMPOSITES; SOLVENT AB Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NC) and sulfur were used to prepare an NC/S composite cathode, which was evaluated in an ionic-liquid electrolyte of 0.5?M lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in methylpropylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide ([MPPY][TFSI]) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cycle testing. To facilitate the comparison, a C/S composite based on activated carbon (AC) without nitrogen doping was also fabricated under the same conditions. Compared with the AC/S composite, the NC/S composite showed enhanced activity toward sulfur reduction, as evidenced by the lower onset sulfur reduction potential, higher redox current density in the CV test, and faster charge-transfer kinetics, as indicated by EIS measurements. At room temperature under a current density of 84 mA?g-1 (C/20), the battery based on the NC/S composite exhibited a higher discharge potential and an initial capacity of 1420 mAh?g-1, whereas the battery based on the AC/S composite showed a lower discharge potential and an initial capacity of 1120 mAh?g-1. Both batteries showed similar capacity fading with cycling due to the intrinsic polysulfide solubility and the polysulfide shuttle mechanism; capacity fading can be improved by further cathode modification. C1 [Sun, Xiao-Guang; Wang, Xiqing; Mayes, Richard T.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Sun, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sunx@ornl.gov; dais@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xiqing/E-3062-2010; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Mayes, Richard/G-1499-2016 OI Wang, Xiqing/0000-0002-1843-008X; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Mayes, Richard/0000-0002-7457-3261 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under contract with UT-Battelle, LLC. We thank Drs. Zhonghe Bi and Bingkun Guo for their help in measuring the electronic conductivity of the carbon materials. NR 38 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 16 U2 213 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2012 VL 5 IS 10 BP 2079 EP 2085 DI 10.1002/cssc.201200101 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 023YP UT WOS:000310074200026 PM 22847977 ER PT J AU Xia, HN Wong, K Zhao, XP AF Xia, Henian Wong, Kwai Zhao, Xiaopeng TI A Fully Coupled Model for Electromechanics of the Heart SO COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MECHANOELECTRIC FEEDBACK; MECHANICS; TISSUE; SIMULATION AB We present a fully coupled electromechanical model of the heart. The model integrates cardiac electrophysiology and cardiac mechanics through excitation-induced contraction and deformation-induced current. Numerical schemes based on finite element were implemented in a supercomputer. Numerical examples were presented using a thin cardiac tissue and a dog ventricle with realistic geometry. Performance of the parallel simulation scheme was studied. The model provides a useful tool to understand cardiovascular dynamics. C1 [Xia, Henian; Zhao, Xiaopeng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wong, Kwai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhao, XP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM xzhao9@utk.edu RI Zhao, Xiaopeng/A-4419-2008 OI Zhao, Xiaopeng/0000-0003-1207-5379 FU NSF [CMMI-0845753]; TeraGrid Advanced Support Program [BCS090012]; National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX This work was in part supported by the NSF under Grant no. CMMI-0845753. This research was supported by an allocation through the TeraGrid Advanced Support Program, under Grant no. BCS090012. Some simulations are conducted on the Newton High Performance Cluster at UTK. H. Xia is supported through a graduate research assistantship at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF Award no. EF-0832858, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1748-670X J9 COMPUT MATH METHOD M JI Comput. Math. Method Med. PY 2012 AR 927279 DI 10.1155/2012/927279 PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 026PY UT WOS:000310294100001 ER PT S AU Custelcean, R AF Custelcean, Radu BE Barboiu, M TI Dynamic Chemistry of Anion Recognition SO CONSTITUTIONAL DYNAMIC CHEMISTRY SE Topics in Current Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Anions; Dynamic combinatorial chemistry; Molecular recognition; Self-assembly; Supramolecular chemistry ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HYDROGEN-BONDING GROUPS; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; SELECTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION; BINDING PROTEIN; SEPARATION; COORDINATION; MACROCYCLES; CAPSULES; RECEPTOR AB In the past 40 years, anion recognition by synthetic receptors has grown into a rich and vibrant research topic, developing into a distinct branch of Supra-molecular Chemistry. Traditional anion receptors comprise organic scaffolds functionalized with complementary binding groups that are assembled by multistep organic synthesis. Recently, a new approach to anion receptors has emerged, in which the host is dynamically self-assembled in the presence of the anionic guest, via reversible bond formation between functional building units. While coordination bonds were initially employed for the self-assembly of the anion hosts, more recent studies demonstrated that reversible covalent bonds can serve the same purpose. In both cases, due to their labile connections, the molecular constituents have the ability to assemble, dissociate, and recombine continuously, thereby creating a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) of receptors. The anionic guests, through specific molecular recognition, may then amplify (express) the formation of a particular structure among all possible combinations (real or virtual) by shifting the equilibria involved towards the most optimal receptor. This approach is not limited to solution self-assembly, but is equally applicable to crystallization, where the fittest anion-binding crystal may be selected. Finally, the pros and cons of employing dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) vs molecular design for developing anion receptors, and the implications of both approaches to selective anion separations, will be discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972 NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-1022 BN 978-3-642-28344-4 J9 TOP CURR CHEM JI Top. Curr. Chem. PY 2012 VL 322 BP 193 EP 216 DI 10.1007/128_2011_197 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-28344-4 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCK31 UT WOS:000310444800009 PM 21710377 ER PT J AU Bechelany, M Riesterer, JL Brioude, A Cornu, D Miele, P AF Bechelany, Mikhael Riesterer, Jessica L. Brioude, Arnaud Cornu, David Miele, Philippe TI Rayleigh instability induced SiC/SiO2 necklace like nanostructures SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; SIC NANOWIRES; NANOPARTICLE CHAINS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON NANOWIRES; CARBIDE; NANOCABLES; NANOTUBES; COMPOSITE; WHISKERS AB SiC@SiO2 nanocables (NCs) were annealed under a nitrogen flow at 1400 degrees C. Structural and chemical characterization by SEM, HRTEM, EDX, and XRD show that the heat treatment led to the dewetting of SiO2 and the formation of SiC/SiO2 pearl necklace-like nanostructures (NSs). The dewetting mechanism has been attributed mainly to the Rayleigh instability. These NSs could have a wide range of applications in different fields such as nanocomposites, electronics, sensors, drug release, and light emitting diodes. C1 [Bechelany, Mikhael; Cornu, David; Miele, Philippe] Univ Montpellier 2, IEM, ENSCM, CNRS,UM2,UMR 5635, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Riesterer, Jessica L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Brioude, Arnaud] Univ Lyon 1, Lab Multimat & Interfaces, UMR 5615, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Bechelany, M (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, IEM, ENSCM, CNRS,UM2,UMR 5635, 2 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM mikhael.bechelany@univ-montp2.fr RI bechelany, mikhael/G-7556-2011; MIELE, Philippe/H-2630-2012; OI bechelany, mikhael/0000-0002-2913-2846; MIELE, Philippe/0000-0003-3530-8120; BRIOUDE, Arnaud/0000-0002-8036-3973 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2012 VL 14 IS 22 BP 7744 EP 7748 DI 10.1039/c2ce25636c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 021XG UT WOS:000309918200036 ER PT B AU Doi, M Suzuki, N AF Doi, Mamoru Suzuki, Nao CA Supernova Cosmology Project BE Aoki, W Ishigaki, M Suda, T Tsujimoto, T Arimoto, N TI Observational Studies of Type Ia Supernovae at High and Intermediate Redshift SO GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGY: NEAR-FIELD COSMOLOGY AND THE FORMATION OF THE MILKY WAY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Archaeology - Near-Field Cosmology and the Formation of the Milky Way CY NOV 01-04, 2011 CL Shuzenji, JAPAN SP Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; HOST GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; LEGACY SURVEY; DARK-ENERGY; SKY SURVEY; PROJECT; CONSTRAINTS; EXPLOSION AB It was the observations of distant type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that revealed the expansion of the universe is now accelerating. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 was awarded for this discovery which implied the existence of a mysterious form of energy, dark energy. We briefly review our SNIa observations with Subaru telescope in collaboration with Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) since 2001 and report the latest results (Suzuki et al. 2012) which doubled the number of SNIa beyond redshift z = 1. We found no obvious deviation from a flat ACDM model in the era when the expansion of the universe turned from deceleration to acceleration. We discuss the future prospects of high-z SNIa cosmology with Hyper Suprime-Cam. C1 [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Sch Sci, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Suzuki, Nao] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suzuki, Nao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Doi, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Sch Sci, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. EM doi@ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU Spanish Plan National de Astronomia y Astrof isica [AYA2005-04149] FX We wish to thank G. A. Tammann, A. Tortosa Andreu, and A. M. Snchez Quintana for helpful comments. This work was supported by the Spanish Plan National de Astronomia y Astrof isica under grant AYA2005-04149. This research made use of HZT SnIa photometric data, NASAs Astrophysics Data System (ADS), and the Nasa/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-798-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 458 BP 21 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCC37 UT WOS:000309700000004 ER PT B AU Kuncarayakti, H Doi, M Aldering, G Arimoto, N Maeda, K Morokuma, T Pereira, R Usuda, T Hashiba, Y AF Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo Doi, Mamoru Aldering, Greg Arimoto, Nobuo Maeda, Keiichi Morokuma, Tomoki Pereira, Rui Usuda, Tomonori Hashiba, Yasuhito BE Aoki, W Ishigaki, M Suda, T Tsujimoto, T Arimoto, N TI Supernova Progenitor Mass and Metallicity from Integral Field Spectroscopic Study of the Environment SO GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGY: NEAR-FIELD COSMOLOGY AND THE FORMATION OF THE MILKY WAY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Archaeology - Near-Field Cosmology and the Formation of the Milky Way CY NOV 01-04, 2011 CL Shuzenji, JAPAN SP Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope ID MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; MODELS AB We present preliminary results of our investigation of core-collapse supernova (SN) progenitors by studying its immediate environment. We have obtained integral field spectroscopy of 27 SN explosion sites using UH88/SNIFS and Gemini-N/GMOS. This technique enables us to obtain both spatial and spectral information of the stellar populations present at the sites. Metallicity of the stellar population was estimated using strong-line method, while comparison with simple stellar population (SSP) models yields age. This age and metallicity were then adopted for the SN progenitor star since it is assumed to be coeval with the stellar population at the explosion site. We then determined the initial mass of the SN progenitor, whose lifetime corresponds to the age of the parent stellar population. With this strategy we envision to present the first sample of type-IIP/IIL/Ib/Ic SNe with reliable mass and metallicity determination. C1 [Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo; Doi, Mamoru; Morokuma, Tomoki; Hashiba, Yasuhito] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Aldering, Greg] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arimoto, Nobuo] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Maeda, Keiichi] Univ Tokyo, IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Pereira, Rui] Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Usuda, Tomonori] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Kuncarayakti, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. EM hanin@ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-798-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 458 BP 43 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCC37 UT WOS:000309700000010 ER PT B AU Stancliffe, RJ Dearborn, DSP Lattanzio, JC Heap, SA Campbell, SW AF Stancliffe, Richard J. Dearborn, David S. P. Lattanzio, John C. Heap, Stuart A. Campbell, Simon W. BE Aoki, W Ishigaki, M Suda, T Tsujimoto, T Arimoto, N TI 3D Hydrodynamical Simulations of Proton Ingestion SO GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGY: NEAR-FIELD COSMOLOGY AND THE FORMATION OF THE MILKY WAY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Galactic Archaeology - Near-Field Cosmology and the Formation of the Milky Way CY NOV 01-04, 2011 CL Shuzenji, JAPAN SP Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope AB We use the 3D stellar structure code Djehuty to model the ingestion of protons in a low-mass, low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch star. We find significant differences between the predictions of our 1D stellar evolution code and the results of our hydrodynamic simulations. The hydrodynamic simulations show that protons are rapidly transported from the tail of the hydrogen burning shell by fast, downward flowing plumes and burning does not take place until the protons are in close proximity to the helium burning shell. We find hydrogen burning luminosities many orders of magnitude in excess of those in the 1D model, but there is no splitting of the convective region. We caution that 1D mixing length theory with diffusive mixing does not give an accurate representation of proton ingestion events. C1 [Stancliffe, Richard J.] Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Dearborn, David S. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lattanzio, John C.; Heap, Stuart A.; Campbell, Simon W.] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr AstroPhys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Stancliffe, RJ (reprint author), Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RI Campbell, Simon/C-4887-2013 FU LLNL Grand Challenge Grant; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA2734]; Australian Research Council Discovery [DP0879472]; [DP0877317]; [DP1095368] FX We thank the referee, Casey Meakin, for his comments which have helped to improve this manuscript. We are very grateful to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for allowing us access to both djehuty and the computers necessary to run it on. Without their support, this work would not have been possible. This work was partially supported by an LLNL Grand Challenge Grant for the study of convection in stars, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA2734. RJS is a Stromlo Fellow and acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Projects scheme (grant DP0879472) during his time at Monash. He is indebted to D. Arnett for illuminating discussions regarding turbulence and hydrodynamics in general. JCL acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Projects scheme (grants DP0877317 and DP1095368). NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-798-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 458 BP 45 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCC37 UT WOS:000309700000011 ER PT S AU Lee, WH Choi, WH Guo, XF Heineman, WR Bishop, PL AF Lee, Woo Hyoung Choi, Woo-Hyuck Guo, Xuefei Heineman, William R. Bishop, Paul L. BE Nadagouda, M Connelly, M Derin, B Li, HP Sekhar, JA TI Material Science Chemistry of Electrochemical Microsensors and Applications for Biofilm Research SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biofilm; Carbon-fiber; Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); Electrochemical microsensor; Gold; Iridium; Material science chemistry; Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microelectrode array sensor; Platinum; Three-dimensional microprofile ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; IRIDIUM OXIDE-FILMS; INTRACORTICAL ELECTRODE ARRAY; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODES; CHLORINE PENETRATION; NITRIFYING BIOFILMS; CHARGE INJECTION AB Microelectrodes, needle-shaped biochemical microsensors fabricated from pulled glass micropipettes, are one of the most prominent, novel methods for studying biofilms. The pulled glass tip can have a diameter of 3-20 mu m, allowing for the measurement of the concentrations of specific biological and chemical compounds in microbial communities. Net specific consumption and production rates (i.e., biological activity) at a certain depth can be estimated from the measured concentration profiles. This article is focused on solid-state, needle-type, electrochemical microsensors for detecting important water quality parameters (e.g., oxygen, pH, nitrite, chlorine species, redox, and phosphate). Sensing materials include gold (including a gold-electroplated sensing surface), platinum, carbon-fiber, carbon nanotube, iridium, and cobalt. Emphasis is placed on the material science chemistry behind how electrochemical microelectrode sensors operate. Innovative applications of microsensors, including microelectromechanical systems, (MEMS) microelectrode array sensor microfabrication, and three-dimensional microprofile measurement and interpretation will also be demonstrated. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a relatively new member in the carbon family and are being used in biofilm research. Distinctive properties of CNTs and the relationship between structure and their electrochemistry performance are discussed. The electrochemical application of CNTs is focused on nitrite detection. C1 [Lee, Woo Hyoung] US EPA, ORISE, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Choi, Woo-Hyuck] Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Guo, Xuefei; Heineman, William R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Bishop, Paul L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Lee, WH (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lee.woohyoung@epa.gov; woo.h.choi@gmail.com; guoxe@mail.uc.edu; william.heineman@uc.edu; bishop@egr.uri.edu NR 133 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 521 BP 113 EP 139 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.113 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCD79 UT WOS:000309891900008 ER PT J AU Pimont, F Dupuy, JL Linn, RR AF Pimont, F. Dupuy, J. -L. Linn, R. R. TI Coupled slope and wind effects on fire spread with influences of fire size: a numerical study using FIRETEC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE blow-up; fire behaviour; fire length; fire width; physical modeling ID FUEL-BREAK; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; SIMULATIONS; CANOPY; FLOWS AB Wind and slope are commonly accepted to be major environmental factors affecting the manner in which wildfires propagate. Fire-line width has been observed as having a significant effect on fire behaviour in some experimental fires. Most wildfire behaviour models and fire behaviour prediction systems take wind and slope effects into account when determining the rate of spread, but do not take into account the influence of fire width on the coupled effects of slope and wind. In the present study, the effect of topographic slope on rate of spread under weak (1 m s(-1)), moderate (5 m s(-1)) and strong (12 m s(-1)) wind speeds is investigated for two different initial fire widths (20 and 50 m) in a typical Mediterranean garrigue, using the coupled atmosphere-fire HIGRAD-FIRETEC model. The results show non-trivial combined effects and suggest a strong effect of fire width under low-wind conditions, especially for steep slopes. Simulated spread rates were compared with predictions of existing models of operational systems and a reasonable agreement was found. Additional exploratory simulations of fire behaviour in small canyons are provided. These simulations show how combined effects of wind, slope and fire-front size can induce different fire behaviours that operational models could fail to predict and provide insight that could be valuable for analysis of blow-up fires. These preliminary results also suggest that 3D physically based models could be used in the future to investigate how operational models can include non-local effects of fire propagation. C1 [Pimont, F.; Dupuy, J. -L.] INRA, UR Ecol Forets Mediterraneennes Site Agroparc 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Linn, R. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pimont, F (reprint author), INRA, UR Ecol Forets Mediterraneennes Site Agroparc 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. EM pimont@avignon.inra.fr FU European Commission in the framework of the FIREPARADOX research program [FP6-018505]; ONF FX This study was partially funded by the European Commission in the framework of the FIREPARADOX research program (contract FP6-018505) and the ONF. In addition, the LANL Institutional Computing Program and the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station have supported this work through access to the requisite high-performance computing resources and continued support for FIRETEC development and application respectively. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 7 BP 828 EP 842 DI 10.1071/WF11122 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 023AD UT WOS:000310004400004 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JJ Oropeza, DD Longerich, H Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Gonzalez, Jhanis J. Oropeza, Dayana D. Longerich, Henry Mao, Xianglei Russo, Richard E. TI Rapid bulk analysis using femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS MEASUREMENTS; 266 NM; GLAZED CERAMICS; ND-YAG; NANOSECOND; POLYMERS; GLASSES; METALS AB Laser Ablation (LA) for direct solid sampling has advanced to provide accuracy and precision similar to that obtained using SN. Analytical performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, and limits of detection obtained when using femtosecond lasers are similar to those by SN. The reason for this improved performance is that the femtosecond laser produces essentially mono-disperse nanometer sized particles that are relatively easily digested in the ICP. In addition, the femtosecond laser material interaction is a photophysical process significantly reducing melting and elemental fractionation. A remaining aspect of ablation sampling is representative sampling; how much mass must be ablated to accurately analyze an inhomogeneous sample. The quantity of sample needed for bulk analysis is dependent on the inhomogeneity (or heterogeneity). Obviously, this same issue exists with sample digestion, and milligrams to grams of material are used to address this requirement. Laser ablation is beneficial in that only micrograms or less of sample are needed for the analysis. However, for bulk analysis of an inhomogeneous sample, the question is how much mass is required to adequately represent the bulk sample, and maintain the benefits of no sample digestion. The goal of this study was to demonstrate bulk analysis of a homogeneous and inhomogeneous sample by ablating large sample volumes using a high repetition rate (20 kHz) femtosecond pulsed laser. This approach is beneficial for bulk analysis of heterogeneous samples, for rapid analysis of difficult to dissolve samples, and for analyzing impurities over a large surface of homogeneous samples. C1 [Gonzalez, Jhanis J.; Oropeza, Dayana D.; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Longerich, Henry] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. [Longerich, Henry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Earth Resources Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gonzalez, Jhanis J.] Appl Spectra Inc, Fremont, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, and the Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nonproliferation Research and Development of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1405 EP 1412 DI 10.1039/c2ja10368k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 985YO UT WOS:000307306600005 ER PT S AU Kalligiannaki, E Katsoulakis, MA Plechac, P AF Kalligiannaki, Evangelia Katsoulakis, Markos A. Plechac, Petr BE Engquist, B Runborg, O Tsai, YHR TI Coupled Coarse Graining and Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Lattice Systems SO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Numerical Analysis and Multiscale Computations CY DEC 06-11, 2009 CL Banff Int Res Stn, Banff, CANADA SP NSERC, CRSNG, NSF, CONACYT, Alberta Innovates HO Banff Int Res Stn ID DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; POLYMER MELTS; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; SIMULATION; SCHEMES; MODELS; SCALE; BACK AB We propose an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for sampling equilibrium distributions for stochastic lattice models. The method is capable of handling correctly and efficiently long and short-range particle interactions. The proposed method is a Metropolis-type algorithm with the proposal probability transition matrix based on the coarse-grained approximating measures introduced in (Katsoulakis et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(3):782-787, 2003; Katsoulakis et al. ESAIM-Math. Model. Numer. Anal. 41(3):627-660, 2007). The proposed algorithm reduces the computational cost due to energy differences and has comparable mixing properties with the classical microscopic Metropolis algorithm, controlled by the level of coarsening and reconstruction procedure. The properties and effectiveness of the algorithm are demonstrated with an exactly solvable example of a one dimensional Ising-type model, comparing efficiency of the single spin-flip Metropolis dynamics and the proposed coupled Metropolis algorithm. C1 [Plechac, Petr] Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, 1900 Laurel Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. [Kalligiannaki, Evangelia] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Katsoulakis, Markos A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math Appl, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Plechac, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, 1900 Laurel Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. EM evy@ornl.gov; markos@math.umass.edu; plechac@math.utk.edu RI Katsoulakis, Markos/P-6668-2014; Kalligiannaki, Evangelia/N-2660-2015 OI Kalligiannaki, Evangelia/0000-0003-2716-5596 FU National Science Foundation [NSFCMMI-0835582] FX The research of E.K. was supported by the National Science Foundation under the grant NSFCMMI-0835582. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-642-21942-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2012 VL 82 BP 235 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-21943-6_11 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BCH09 UT WOS:000310180800011 ER PT J AU Griffa, M Ferdowsi, B Daub, EG Guyer, RA Johnson, PA Marone, C Carmeliet, J AF Griffa, M. Ferdowsi, B. Daub, E. G. Guyer, R. A. Johnson, P. A. Marone, C. Carmeliet, J. TI Meso-mechanical analysis of deformation characteristics for dynamically triggered slip in a granular medium SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE granular media; affine and non-affine deformations; dynamic earthquake triggering; stick-slip instability ID 3D NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; LATTICE SOLID MODEL; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; STICK-SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; SEISMICITY; FRICTION; SHEAR; ASSEMBLIES; CALIFORNIA AB The deformation characteristics of a sheared granular layer during stick-slip are studied from a meso-mechanical viewpoint, both in the absence and in the presence of externally applied vibration. The ultimate goal is to characterize the physics of dynamic earthquake triggering, where one earthquake, i.e., slip on one fault, is triggered via the seismic waves radiated by another spatially and temporally distant seismic event. Toward this goal, we performed Discrete Element Method simulations of a two-dimensional packing of disks, mimicking a mature geologic fault. These simulations were used to investigate the affine and non-affine deformations inside the granular layer and their spatial-temporal evolution across the stick-slip cycle. The simulation results show that slip in general is accompanied by the appearance of localized regions with high values of both affine and non-affine deformations. These regions are temporally correlated and are mainly concentrated in a shear zone at the interface between the granular layer and the driving block. Dynamic triggering is found to initiate slip when vibration is applied late in the stick-slip cycle, when the system is close to a critical state. It is also found that vibration itself introduces a large amount of affine and non-affine strains, which leads to the initiation of slip at lower shear stress than an equivalent slip event without vibration. C1 [Griffa, M.; Ferdowsi, B.; Carmeliet, J.] ETH, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol EMPA, CH-8600 Zurich, Switzerland. [Daub, E. G.; Guyer, R. A.; Johnson, P. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Solid Earth Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Daub, E. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guyer, R. A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Marone, C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Marone, C.] Penn State Univ, G3 Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Marone, C.] Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carmeliet, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich ETHZ, Chair Bldg Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Griffa, M (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol EMPA, Domain Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Zurich, Switzerland. EM michele.griffa@empa.ch OI Ferdowsi, Behrooz (Bruce)/0000-0003-3406-7273; Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [206021-128754, 200021-135492]; LDRD Program (Institutional Support) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Energy, USA FX We would like to thank D. Weatherley and S. Abe for support during the implementation of our DEM model in the ESyS-Particle code and D. Passerone and C. Pignedoli for the help related with the use of the High Performance Computing cluster Ipazia at EMPA. Our work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects No. 206021-128754 and No. 200021-135492) and by the LDRD Program (Institutional Support) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Energy, USA. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 28-30 SI SI BP 3520 EP 3539 DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.700417 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 024VE UT WOS:000310136500009 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Rosso, KM Bruemmer, S AF Xu, Zhijie Rosso, Kevin M. Bruemmer, Stephen TI Metal oxidation kinetics and the transition from thin to thick films SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE-FILMS; GROWTH AB We report an investigation of growth kinetics and transition from thin to thick films during metal oxidation. In the thin film limit (<20 nm), Cabrera and Mott's theory is usually adopted by explicitly considering ionic drift through the oxide in response to electric fields, where the growth kinetics follow an inverse logarithmic law log(dl/dt) proportional to 1/l. It is generally accepted that Wagner's theory, involving self-diffusion, is valid only in the limit of thick film regime (> 1 mu m) and leads to parabolic growth kinetics dl/dt proportional to 1/l, where l is the oxide film thickness. Theory presented here unifies the two models and provides a complete description of oxidation including the transition from thin to thick film. The range of validity of Cabrera and Mott's theory and Wagner's theory can be well defined in terms of the Debye-Huckel screening length. The transition from drift-dominated ionic transport for thin film to diffusion-dominated transport for thick film is found to strictly follow the direct logarithmic law log(dl/dt) p proportional to -l that is frequently observed in many experiments. C1 [Xu, Zhijie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Computat Math Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bruemmer, Stephen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Computat Math Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhijie.xu@pnnl.gov RI Xu, Zhijie/A-1627-2009 OI Xu, Zhijie/0000-0003-0459-4531 FU S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science program FX This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science program. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 42 BP 14534 EP 14539 DI 10.1039/c2cp42760e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 018NH UT WOS:000309667100013 PM 23010921 ER PT J AU Lee, B AF Lee, B. TI A MULTIGRID FRAMEWORK FOR S-n DISCRETIZATIONS OF THE BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT EQUATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; multigrid method; S-n discretizations; Schur complement smoothing ID DIFFUSION SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION AB The space-angle multiple/semicoarsening multigrid methods of [B. Lee, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 31 (2010), pp. 4744-4773] for S-n discretizations of the Boltzmann transport equation were developed assuming rediscretizations of the streaming-collision operators on the coarser spatial grids. These rediscretized operators are directly used in the kernels of the spatial coarse-level scalar flux integral equations. Since the computational procedure of these methods is essentially performed on these integral equations, it appears that the multigrid procedure is applied directly to the finest level scalar flux integral equation rather than to the finest level S-n system. However, this procedure is actually implicitly applied to the finest level S-n system. It would be beneficial to relate the multiple/semicoarsening methods directly to the full S-n system or, better yet, to develop a general multigrid framework for the full S-n system, of which the multiple/semicoarsening methods are particular cases. This general framework can help guide the development of multigrid algorithms for more general S-n discretization settings, such as when spatial rediscretization of the integral equation kernel cannot be applied. In this latter case, applying an operator-dependent Galerkin coarsening procedure to the integral operator is difficult because the kernel is dense and often given only by its action, i.e., numerically sweeping over all the streaming-collision operators. In this paper, we develop and analyze a multigrid framework that is applied directly to the S-n system and encompasses the multiple/semicoarsening methods. We further relate this framework to a multigrid method that directly coarsens the integral operator using a Galerkin coarsening procedure. A key component in developing this framework is to relate the smoothing of the multiple/semicoarsening methods to an approximate Schur complement smoothing on the full S-n system. In this paper, this relation is established, and the smoothing and approximation properties are derived for the multigrid procedure induced by this framework. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Barry.Lee@pnnl.gov FU U.S. Government FX This work was performed by an employee of the U.S. Government or under U.S. Government contract. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 4 BP A2018 EP A2047 DI 10.1137/110841199 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 029DT UT WOS:000310475700008 ER PT J AU Young, J Ridzal, D AF Young, Joseph Ridzal, Denis TI AN APPLICATION OF RANDOM PROJECTION TO PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE parameter estimation; inverse problems; random projection; PDE constrained optimization ID RESTRICTED ISOMETRY PROPERTY AB In this article, we use a dimension reduction technique called random projection to reduce the computational cost of estimating unknown parameters in models based on partial differential equations (PDEs). In this setting, the repeated numerical solution of the discrete PDE model dominates the cost of parameter estimation. In turn, the size of the discretized PDE corresponds directly to the number of physical experiments. As the number of experiments grows, parameter estimation becomes prohibitively expensive. In order to reduce this cost, we develop an algorithmic technique based on random projection that solves the parameter estimation problem using a much smaller number of so-called encoded experiments. Encoded experiments amount to nothing more than random sums of physical experiments. Using this construction, we provide a lower bound for the required number of encoded experiments. This bound holds in a probabilistic sense and is independent of the number of physical experiments. Finally, we demonstrate our approach on a parameter estimation problem governed by Poisson's equation. C1 [Young, Joseph; Ridzal, Denis] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Young, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1320,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM josyoun@sandia.gov; dridzal@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing Program under the Computer Science Research Foundation FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Research sponsored by the NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing Program under the Computer Science Research Foundation. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 4 BP A2344 EP A2365 DI 10.1137/11084666X PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 029DT UT WOS:000310475700021 ER PT J AU Alldredge, GW Hauck, CD Tits, AL AF Alldredge, Graham W. Hauck, Cory D. Tits, Andre L. TI HIGH-ORDER ENTROPY-BASED CLOSURES FOR LINEAR TRANSPORT IN SLAB GEOMETRY II: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE convex optimization; realizability; kinetic theory; transport; entropy-based closures; moment equations ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER EQUATION; LIMITED NEUTRINO DIFFUSION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; MOMENT CLOSURE; HYDRODYNAMICAL MODEL; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CARRIER TRANSPORT; EDDINGTON FACTORS; ASYMPTOTIC LIMIT AB We present a numerical algorithm to implement entropy-based (M-N) moment models in the context of a simple, linear kinetic equation for particles moving through a material slab. The closure for these models-as is the case for all entropy-based models-is derived through the solution of a constrained, convex optimization problem. The algorithm has two components. The first component is a discretization of the moment equations which preserves the set of realizable moments, thereby ensuring that the optimization problem has a solution (in exact arithmetic). The discretization is a second-order kinetic scheme which uses MUSCL-type limiting in space and a strong-stability-preserving, Runge-Kutta time integrator. The second component of the algorithm is a Newton-based solver for the dual optimization problem, which uses an adaptive quadrature to evaluate integrals in the dual objective and its derivatives. The accuracy of the numerical solution to the dual problem plays a key role in the time step restriction for the kinetic scheme. We study in detail the difficulties in the dual problem that arise near the boundary of realizable moments, where quadrature formulas are less reliable and the Hessian of the dual objective function is highly illconditioned. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to illustrate these difficulties. In cases where the dual problem becomes "too difficult" to solve numerically, we propose a regularization technique to artificially move moments away from the realizable boundary in a way that still preserves local particle concentrations. We present results of numerical simulations for two challenging test problems in order to quantify the characteristics of the optimization solver and to investigate when and how frequently the regularization is needed. C1 [Alldredge, Graham W.; Tits, Andre L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alldredge, Graham W.; Tits, Andre L.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hauck, Cory D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Computat Math Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alldredge, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gwa@umd.edu; hauckc@ornl.gov; andre@umd.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DESC0001862]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; UT-Battelle, LLC [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research of the first and third authors was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DESC0001862.; This author's research was sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract De-AC05-00OR22725. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 4 BP B361 EP B391 DI 10.1137/11084772X PG 31 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 029DT UT WOS:000310475700024 ER PT J AU Buluc, A Gilbert, JR AF Buluc, Aydin Gilbert, John R. TI PARALLEL SPARSE MATRIX-MATRIX MULTIPLICATION AND INDEXING: IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE parallel computing; numerical linear algebra; sparse matrix-matrix multiplication; SpGEMM; sparse matrix indexing; sparse matrix assignment; two-dimensional data decomposition; hypersparsity; graph algorithms; sparse SUMMA; subgraph extraction; graph contraction; graph batch update ID COMMUNICATION; ALGORITHM; DESIGN; BLAS AB Generalized sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (or SpGEMM) is a key primitive for many high performance graph algorithms as well as for some linear solvers, such as algebraic multigrid. Here we show that SpGEMM also yields efficient algorithms for general sparse-matrix indexing in distributed memory, provided that the underlying SpGEMM implementation is sufficiently flexible and scalable. We demonstrate that our parallel SpGEMM methods, which use two-dimensional block data distributions with serial hypersparse kernels, are indeed highly flexible, scalable, and memory-efficient in the general case. This algorithm is the first to yield increasing speedup on an unbounded number of processors; our experiments show scaling up to thousands of processors in a variety of test scenarios. C1 [Buluc, Aydin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, John R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Buluc, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abuluc@lbl.gov; gilbert@cs.ucsb.edu OI Buluc, Aydin/0000-0001-7253-9038 FU NSF [CNS-0709385]; Intel Corporation; Microsoft Corporation; ASCR Office in the DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant CNS-0709385 and by grants from Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights.; This author's work was supported by the ASCR Office in the DOE Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 4 BP C170 EP C191 DI 10.1137/110848244 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 029DT UT WOS:000310475700032 ER PT J AU Gao, X Nielsen, E Muller, RP Young, RW Salinger, AG Bishop, NC Carroll, MS AF Gao, X. Nielsen, E. Muller, R. P. Young, R. W. Salinger, A. G. Bishop, N. C. Carroll, M. S. GP IEEE TI The QCAD Framework for Quantum Device Modeling SO 2012 15TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS (IWCE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE) CY MAY 22-25, 2012 CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn, Madison, WI SP NSF, Quantum Wise, Springer, IEEE, Electron Device Soc (EDS), APS Phys, Div Computat Phys HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn DE QCAD; Quantum devices; DQDs; qubit; Optimization AB We present the Quantum Computer Aided Design (QCAD) simulator that targets modeling quantum devices, particularly Si double quantum dots (DQDs) developed for quantum computing. The simulator core includes Poisson, Schrodinger, and Configuration Interaction solvers which can be run individually or combined self-consistently. The simulator is built upon Sandia-developed Trilinos and Albany components, and is interfaced with the Dakota optimization tool. It is being developed for seamless integration, high flexibility and throughput, and is intended to be open source. The QCAD tool has been used to simulate a large number of fabricated silicon DQDs and has provided fast feedback for design comparison and optimization. C1 [Gao, X.; Nielsen, E.; Muller, R. P.; Young, R. W.; Salinger, A. G.; Bishop, N. C.; Carroll, M. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Gao, X (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM xngao@sandia.gov; enielse@sandia.gov; rmuller@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0705-5 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCC48 UT WOS:000309721800014 ER PT S AU Schendel, ER Jin, Y Shah, N Chen, J Chang, CS Ku, SH Ethier, S Klasky, S Latham, R Ross, R Samatova, NF AF Schendel, Eric R. Jin, Ye Shah, Neil Chen, Jackie Chang, C. S. Ku, Seung-Hoe Ethier, Stephane Klasky, Scott Latham, Robert Ross, Robert Samatova, Nagiza F. GP IEEE TI ISOBAR Preconditioner for Effective and High-throughput Lossless Data Compression SO 2012 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING (ICDE) SE IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) CY APR 01-05, 2012 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Microsoft, Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), EMC, Greenplum, HP, IBM Res, Google ID FLOATING-POINT DATA; IMAGE COMPRESSION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MAPREDUCE AB Efficient handling of large volumes of data is a necessity for exascale scientific applications and database systems. To address the growing imbalance between the amount of available storage and the amount of data being produced by high speed (FLOPS) processors on the system, data must be compressed to reduce the total amount of data placed on the file systems. General-purpose lossless compression frameworks, such as zlib and bzlib2, are commonly used on datasets requiring lossless compression. Quite often, however, many scientific data sets compress poorly, referred to as hard-to-compress datasets, due to the negative impact of highly entropic content represented within the data. An important problem in better lossless data compression is to identify the hard-to-compress information and subsequently optimize the compression techniques at the byte-level. To address this challenge, we introduce the In-Situ Orthogonal Byte Aggregate Reduction Compression (ISOBAR-compress) methodology as a preconditioner of lossless compression to identify and optimize the compression efficiency and throughput of hard-to-compress datasets. C1 [Schendel, Eric R.; Jin, Ye; Shah, Neil; Samatova, Nagiza F.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schendel, Eric R.; Jin, Ye; Shah, Neil; Klasky, Scott; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Jackie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ku, Seung-Hoe] NYU, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Chang, C. S.; Ethier, Stephane] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Latham, Robert; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu OI Latham, Rob/0000-0002-5285-6375; Schendel, Eric/0000-0002-0144-7256 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center) [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256, DE-FOA-0000257]; U.S. National Science Foundation; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX We would like to acknowledge the use of resources at ORNLs and ANLs leadership class computing facilities, OLCF and ALCF, respectively. Also, we appreciate the use of the datasets available from the Flash Center for Computational Science. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256, DE-FOA-0000257) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Expeditions in Computing). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-4627 J9 PROC INT CONF DATA PY 2012 BP 138 EP 149 DI 10.1109/ICDE.2012.114 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ16 UT WOS:000309122100016 ER PT J AU Cui, YT Chinthavali, MS Xu, F Tolbert, LM AF Cui, Yutian Chinthavali, Madhu S. Xu, Fan Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI Characterization and Modeling of Silicon Carbide Power Devices and Paralleling Operation SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS (ISIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) CY MAY 28-31, 2012 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Zhejiang Univ, Mitsubishi Elect & Elect, Fuji Elect, RS Components, Delta Elect, Silergy, Xiamen Kehua Hengsheng ID 3-PHASE INVERTER AB This paper presents recent research on several silicon carbide (SiC) power devices. The devices have been tested for both static and dynamic characteristics, which show the advantages over their Si counterparts. The temperature dependency of these characteristics has also been presented in this paper. Then, simulation work of paralleling operation of SiC power MOSFETs based on a verified device model in Pspice is presented to show the impact of parasitics in the circuit on the switching performance. C1 [Cui, Yutian; Xu, Fan; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chinthavali, Madhu S.; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ycui7@utk.edu; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; fxu6@utk.edu; tolbert@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0158-9 PY 2012 BP 228 EP 233 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ14 UT WOS:000309118100036 ER PT S AU Chang, J Paulson, C Welsh, P AF Chang, John Paulson, Christine Welsh, Patrick GP IEEE TI Development of Micropower Ultrawideband Impulse Radar Medical Diagnostic Systems for Continuous Monitoring Applications and Austere Environments SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB This paper discusses the application of Micropower Ultrawideband Impulse Radar (MUIR) technology to the detection and monitoring of intracranial hemorrhage. MUIR is ideally suited for medical diagnostic and monitoring applications because the emitted electromagnetic radiation is non-ionizing and has both peak and average power levels that are orders of magnitude lower than those of a hand-held cell phone. Furthermore, MUIR can be readily packaged into handheld, battery operated form factors. There are numerous applications for such a device: rural settings with limited CT access; field use where excessive hemodynamic instability may preclude patient transport; natural disaster or conflict events that require on-site triage; and for hospital bedside monitoring. In experimental phantoms and in a small human subjects study, MUIR technology successfully detects reflected signals from near-surface hematomas. These investigations suggest the feasibility of developing MUIR-based systems for pre-hospital or bedside diagnostic applications to assist with early diagnosis, triage, and treatment planning. C1 [Chang, John; Paulson, Christine; Welsh, Patrick] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chang, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chang16@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600128 ER PT S AU Sen, S Glover, CW AF Sen, Satyabrata Glover, Charles W. GP IEEE TI Frequency Adaptability and Waveform Design for OFDM Radar Space-Time Adaptive Processing SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect ID ARRAYS; STAP AB We propose an adaptive waveform design technique for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar signal employing a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) technique. We observe that there are inherent variabilities of the target and interference responses in the frequency domain. Therefore, the use of an OFDM signal can not only increase the frequency diversity of our system, but also improve the target detectability by adaptively modifying the OFDM-coefficients in order to exploit the frequency-variabilities of the scenario. First, we formulate a realistic OFDM-STAP measurement model considering the sparse nature of the target and interference spectra in the spatio-temporal domain. Then, we show that the optimal STAP-filter weight-vector is equal to the generalized eigenvector corresponding to the minimum generalized eigenvalue of the interference and target covariance matrices. With numerical examples we demonstrate that the resultant OFDM-STAP filter-weights are adaptable to the frequency-variabilities of the target and interference responses, in addition to the spatio-temporal variabilities. Hence, by better utilizing the frequency variabilities, we propose an adaptive OFDM-waveform design technique, and consequently gain a significant amount of STAP-performance improvement. C1 [Sen, Satyabrata; Glover, Charles W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sen, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sens@ornl.gov; glovercw@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600042 ER PT J AU Lakshminarasimhan, S Kumar, P Liao, WK Choudhary, A Kumar, V Samatova, NF AF Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram Kumar, Prabhat Liao, Wei-keng Choudhary, Alok Kumar, Vipin Samatova, Nagiza F. GP IEEE TI On the Path to Sustainable, Scalable, and Energy-efficient Data Analytics: Challenges, Promises, and Future Directions SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL GREEN COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IGCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Green Computing Conference (IGCC) CY JUN 05-08, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB As scientific data is reaching exascale, scalable and energy efficient data analytics is quickly becoming a top notch priority. Yet, a sustainable solution to this problem is hampered by a number of technical challenges that get exacerbated with the emerging hardware and software technology trends. In this paper, we present a number of recently created "secret sauces" that promise to address some of these challenges. We discuss transformative approaches to efficient data reduction, analytics-driven query processing, scalable analytical kernels, approximate analytics, among others. We propose a number of future directions that could be pursued on the path to sustainable data analytics at scale. C1 [Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kumar, Prabhat; Liao, Wei-keng; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Kumar, Vipin] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation (Expeditions in Computing); Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DEAC05000R22725] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Expeditions in Computing). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05000R22725. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2154-9 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCE09 UT WOS:000309942300021 ER PT J AU Sabolish, M Amer, A Kroeger, TM AF Sabolish, Michael Amer, Ahmed Kroeger, Thomas M. GP IEEE TI A Distributed Approach to Taming Peak Demand SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL GREEN COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IGCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Green Computing Conference (IGCC) CY JUN 05-08, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc ID CONTROLLER AB A significant portion of all energy capacity is wasted in over-provisioning to meet peak demand. The current state-of-the-art in reducing peak demand requires central authorities to limit device usage directly, and are generally reactive. We apply techniques drawn from established distributed computing principles to propose a novel and proactive solution to decentralize management of demand and to provide a more scalable and resilient approach to reducing overall peak demand. We demonstrate that such a system approaches the performance of an ideal centralized control authority, and experimentally demonstrate a 10-25% reduction in peak energy demand under conservative assumptions. Under worst-case demand scenarios, our approach has the potential to reduce peak demand by 65-85%. C1 [Sabolish, Michael; Amer, Ahmed] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Kroeger, Thomas M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Syst & Secur Res, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sabolish, M (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2154-9 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCE09 UT WOS:000309942300042 ER PT S AU Weber, R Peterson, GD Hettich, R AF Weber, Rick Peterson, Gregory D. Hettich, Robert GP IEEE TI For Three Easy Payments: Scoring Peptides With Portable Performance Using Specmaster SO 2012 SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATION ACCELERATORS IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING (SAAHPC) SE Symposium on Application Accelerators in High-Performance Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Application Accelerators in High Performance Computing (SAAHPC) CY JUL 10-11, 2012 CL Argonne, IL SP CRAY, Intel Corp, NVIDIA Corp, Penguin Comp, Rogue Wave Software, Argonne Natl Lab, NCSA, Natl Inst Computat Sci (NICS) DE OpenCL; Specmaster; Mass Spectrometry; Myrimatch; Shotgun Proteomics ID TANDEM; IDENTIFICATION; ACCURATE AB In shotgun proteomics, matching peptides to tandem mass spectrometry data is a computationally expensive process that in some cases can take days using conventional software packages. Even though many existing search engines such as Sequest, Myrimatch, and X!Tandem now exploit multiple processors via threading libraries, they leave much on the table in terms of performance and don't exploit computational accelerators. In this paper, we present Specmaster, a Myrimatch implementation written in OpenCL with performance portability in mind. We demonstrate the same Specmaster codebase outperforming Myrimatch by several fold on 32-core AMD and Intel x86 machines and by nearly an order of magnitude on both an AMD Radeon 7970 and Nvidia GTX 480. We describe the rationale behind Specmaster's design, and how to gain portable performance on a plethora of architectures using OpenCL. C1 [Weber, Rick; Peterson, Gregory D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hettich, Robert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Anal Technol Bioenergy & Environm, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Weber, R (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fweber1@utk.edu; gdp@utk.edu; hettichrl@ornl.gov RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X FU National Science Foundation [0801540, 0625598] FX We would like to thank SCALE-IT (NSF grant 0801540) and The National Science Foundation (NSF CHE-0625598) for funding this research as well Intel for loaning a machine to benchmark their Sandy Bridge processors. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2166-515X BN 978-0-7695-4838-8 J9 S APP ACC HIGH-PERF PY 2012 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1109/SAAHPC.2012.20 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCE14 UT WOS:000309942800012 ER PT B AU Hudson, HS Acton, LW DeLuca, EE Hannah, IG Reardon, K Van Bibber, K AF Hudson, H. S. Acton, L. W. DeLuca, E. E. Hannah, I. G. Reardon, K. Van Bibber, K. BE Rubio, LRB Reale, F Carlsson, M TI X-Ray Searches for Solar Axions SO 4TH HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: UNSOLVED PROBLEMS AND RECENT INSIGHTS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Hinode Science Meeting on Unsolved Problems and Recent Insights CY OCT 11-15, 2010 CL Mondello, ITALY SP Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Fis, INAF, Osservatorio Astronom Palermo, Assemblea Reg Siciliana, Presidenza Consiglio Provincia Reg Palmero ID QUIET-SUN; SPECTRUM; RHESSI; LIMITS AB Axioms generated thermally in the solar core can convert nearly directly to X-rays as they pass through the solar atmosphere via interaction with the magnetic field. The result of this conversion process would be a diffuse centrally-concentrated source of few-keV X-rays at disk center; it would have a known dimension, of order 10% of the solar diameter, and a spectral distribution resembling the blackbody spectrum of the solar core. Its spatial structure in detail would depend on the distribution of mass and field in the solar atmosphere. The brightness of the source depends upon these factors as well as the unknown coupling constant and the unknown mass of the axion; this particle is hypothetical and no firm evidence for its existence has been found yet. We describe the solar magnetic environment as an axion/photon converter and discuss the upper limits obtained by existing and dedicated observations from three solar X-ray observatories: Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode. C1 [Hudson, H. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Acton, L. W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [DeLuca, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hudson, H. S.; Hannah, I. G.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Reardon, K.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Van Bibber, K.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Van Bibber, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hudson, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hhudson@ssl.berkeley.edu; edeluca@cfa.harvard.edu; kreardon@arcetri.astro.it RI Hannah, Iain/F-1972-2011 OI Hannah, Iain/0000-0003-1193-8603 FU NASA [NAS 5-98033] FX This research was supported by NASA under contract NAS 5-98033 for RHESSI. We thank many persons on the Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode teams, and especially the latter two because of the special observations obtained for these searches. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-792-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 455 BP 25 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCC73 UT WOS:000309734100003 ER PT S AU Boyce, JR AF Boyce, James R. CA LIPSS DarkLight HPS APEX GP IOP TI An Overview of Dark Matter Experiments at Jefferson Lab SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DARK SIDE OF THE UNIVERSE (DSU 2011) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on the Dark Side of The Universe (DSU) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Kavli Inst Theoret Phys China (KITPC), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China (NSFC), China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol (CCAST) AB Dark Matter research at Jefferson Lab started in 2006 with the LIght Pseudoscalar and Scalar Search (LIPSS) collaboration to check the validity of results reported by the PVLAS collaboration. In the intervening years interest in dark matter laboratory experiments has grown at Jefferson Lab. Current research underway or in planning stages probe various mass regions covering 14 orders of magnitude: from 10(-6) eV to 100 MeV. This presentation will be an overview of our dark matter searches, three of which focus on the hypothesized A' gauge boson. C1 [Boyce, James R.; LIPSS; DarkLight; HPS; APEX] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Boyce, JR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM boyce@jlab.org NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 384 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/384/1/012008 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCB59 UT WOS:000309658400008 ER PT S AU Cope, J Iskra, K Kimpe, D Ross, R AF Cope, Jason Iskra, Kamil Kimpe, Dries Ross, Robert BE Jonasson, K TI Bridging HPC and Grid File I/O with IOFSL SO APPLIED PARALLEL AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Nordic International Conference on Applied Parallel Computing - State of the Art in Scientific and Parallel Computing (PARA) CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Univ Iceland, Sch Engn & Nat Sci, Reykjavik, ICELAND SP CCP, Microsoft Islandi, Opin kerfi (Hewlett Packard Distributor Iceland) HO Univ Iceland, Sch Engn & Nat Sci AB Traditionally, little interaction has taken place between the Grid and high-performance computing (HPC) storage research communities. Grid research often focused on optimizing data accesses for high-latency, wide-area networks, while HPC research focused on optimizing data accesses for local, high-performance storage systems. Recent software and hardware trends are blurring the distinction between Grids and HPC. In this paper, we investigate the use of I/O forwarding-a well established technique in leadership-class HPC machines- in a Grid context. We show that the problems that triggered the introduction of I/O forwarding for HPC systems also apply to contemporary Grid computing environments. We present the design of our I/O forwarding infrastructure for Grid computing environments. Moreover, we discuss the advantages our infrastructure provides for Grids, such as simplified application data management in heterogeneous computing environments and support for multiple application I/O interfaces. C1 [Cope, Jason; Iskra, Kamil; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kimpe, Dries] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Cope, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM copej@mcs.anl.gov; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; dkimpe@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-28144-0; 978-3-642-28145-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7134 BP 215 EP 225 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCC47 UT WOS:000309716000022 ER PT J AU Zhang, K O'Donnell, D Kazil, J Stier, P Kinne, S Lohmann, U Ferrachat, S Croft, B Quaas, J Wan, H Rast, S Feichter, J AF Zhang, K. O'Donnell, D. Kazil, J. Stier, P. Kinne, S. Lohmann, U. Ferrachat, S. Croft, B. Quaas, J. Wan, H. Rast, S. Feichter, J. TI The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM, version 2: sensitivity to improvements in process representations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC SULFUR CYCLE; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; STRATOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; MICROPHYSICS MODULE; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL AB This paper introduces and evaluates the second version of the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM. Major changes have been brought into the model, including new parameterizations for aerosol nucleation and water uptake, an explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols, modified emission calculations for sea salt and mineral dust, the coupling of aerosol microphysics to a two-moment stratiform cloud microphysics scheme, and alternative wet scavenging parameterizations. These revisions extend the model's capability to represent details of the aerosol lifecycle and its interaction with climate. Nudged simulations of the year 2000 are carried out to compare the aerosol properties and global distribution in HAM1 and HAM2, and to evaluate them against various observations. Sensitivity experiments are performed to help identify the impact of each individual update in model formulation. Results indicate that from HAM1 to HAM2 there is a marked weakening of aerosol water uptake in the lower troposphere, reducing the total aerosol water burden from 75 Tg to 51 Tg. The main reason is the newly introduced kappa-Kohlertheory-based water uptake scheme uses a lower value for the maximum relative humidity cutoff. Particulate organic matter loading in HAM2 is considerably higher in the upper troposphere, because the explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols allows highly volatile oxidation products of the precursors to be vertically transported to regions of very low temperature and to form aerosols there. Sulfate, black carbon, particulate organic matter and mineral dust in HAM2 have longer lifetimes than in HAM1 because of weaker incloud scavenging, which is in turn related to lower autoconversion efficiency in the newly introduced two-moment cloud microphysics scheme. Modification in the sea salt emission scheme causes a significant increase in the ratio (from 1.6 to 7.7) between accumulation mode and coarse mode emission fluxes of aerosol number concentration. This leads to a general increase in the number concentration of smaller particles over the oceans in HAM2, as reflected by the higher Angstrom parameters. Evaluation against observation reveals that in terms of model performance, main improvements in HAM2 include a marked decrease of the systematic negative bias in the absorption aerosol optical depth, as well as smaller biases over the oceans in Angstrom parameter and in the accumulation mode number concentration. The simulated geographical distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) is better correlated with the MODIS data, while the surface aerosol mass concentrations are very similar to those in the old version. The total aerosol water content in HAM2 is considerably closer to the multi-model average from Phase I of the AeroCom intercomparison project. Model deficiencies that require further efforts in the future include (i) positive biases in AOD over the ocean, (ii) negative biases in AOD and aerosol mass concentration in high-latitude regions, and (iii) negative biases in particle number concentration, especially that of the Aitken mode, in the lower troposphere in heavily polluted regions. C1 [Zhang, K.; O'Donnell, D.; Kinne, S.; Quaas, J.; Rast, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Lohmann, U.; Ferrachat, S.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Croft, B.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Zhang, K.; Wan, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kazil, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. EM kai.zhang@pnnl.gov RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Wan, Hui/J-4701-2013; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; FU project EUCAARI [34684]; Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors thank U. Niemeier (MPI-M) for her comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and M. Esch for her support in coupling HAM with the ECHAM model. KZ appreciates very helpful discussions with X. Liu and S. Burrows (PNNL). Comments and suggestions from the two anonymous reviewers significantly helped to improve the manuscript. We acknowledge the NASA Langley Research Center, the NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory, and the British Atmospheric Data Centre for providing the aircraft measurements used in this study. The principal investigators of these measurement campaigns provided very helpful suggestions on how to compare the data with model results. We also thank the AERONET Principal Investigators and the AeroCom project for compiling and providing the aerosol optical depth, Angstrom parameter, and the surface aerosol mass concentration data used in the model evaluation. Simulations were performed at the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, DKRZ) in Hamburg, Germany. J. Kazil, D. O'Donnell, and K. Zhang gratefully acknowledge the support by the FP6 project EUCAARI (Contract 34684). Work done by KZ at PNNL also benefited from the SciDAC Project "Applying Computationally Efficient Schemes for BioGeochemical Cycles" of US Dept. of Energy. HW is grateful for the support of the Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship. Her contribution to this paper was made under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at PNNL. NR 133 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 9 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 19 BP 8911 EP 8949 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8911-2012 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 020TF UT WOS:000309836800001 ER PT J AU Lian, YJ Bergman, RG Ellman, JA AF Lian, Yajing Bergman, Robert G. Ellman, Jonathan A. TI Rhodium(III)-catalyzed synthesis of phthalides by cascade addition and cyclization of benzimidates with aldehydes SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID C-H BOND; RHENIUM-CATALYZED INSERTION; OXIDATIVE OLEFINATION; EXPEDIENT SYNTHESIS; INTERNAL ALKYNES; ACTIVATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ARYL; DERIVATIVES; BENZAMIDES AB We herein report the Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation and addition of benzimidates to aldehydes to afford biologically important phthalides in a single step. The imidate is a novel and unexplored directing group that not only enables C-H bond activation and addition to aldehydes, but also serves to capture the reversibly formed alcohol intermediate. The reaction shows broad scope with a high level of functional group compatibility and is applicable to both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. C1 [Bergman, Robert G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lian, Yajing; Ellman, Jonathan A.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bergman, Robert G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rgergman@berkeley.edu; jonathan.ellman@yale.edu RI Lian, Yajing/F-9157-2011; Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NIH [GM069559]; Office of Energy Research; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Chemical Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by NIH Grant GM069559 (to J.A.E.). R.G.B. acknowledges funding from The Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 61 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 10 BP 3088 EP 3092 DI 10.1039/c2sc20835k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 996MU UT WOS:000308094100027 PM 23050074 ER PT J AU Cropek, DM Metz, A Muller, AM Gray, HB Horne, T Horton, DC Poluektov, O Tiede, DM Weber, RT Jarrett, WL Phillips, JD Holder, AA AF Cropek, Donald M. Metz, Anja Mueller, Astrid M. Gray, Harry B. Horne, Toyketa Horton, Dorothy C. Poluektov, Oleg Tiede, David M. Weber, Ralph T. Jarrett, William L. Phillips, Joshua D. Holder, Alvin A. TI A novel ruthenium(II)-cobaloxime supramolecular complex for photocatalytic H-2 evolution: synthesis, characterisation and mechanistic studies SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; METAL NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; FUNCTIONAL MODELS; RENEWABLE ENERGY; PHOTO-REDUCTION; ACTIVE-SITE AB We report the synthesis and characterization of novel mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)-cobalt(II) photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in acidic acetonitrile. First, 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzothiazole (pbt), 1, was reacted with RuCl3 center dot xH(2)O to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)Cl-2]center dot 0.25CH(3)COCH(3), 2, which was then reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), 3, in order to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)(phendione)](PF6)(2)center dot 4H(2)O, 4. Compound 4 was then reacted with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in order to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)(L-pyr)]-(PF6)(2)center dot 9.5H(2)O, 5 (where L-pyr = (4-pyridine) oxazolo[4,5-f]phenanthroline). Compound 5 was then reacted with [Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(H2O)(2)] (where dmgBF(2) = difluoroboryldimethylglyoximato) in order to produce the mixed-metal binuclear complex, [Ru(pbt)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(H2O)](PF6)(2)center dot 11H(2)O center dot 1.5CH(3)COCH(3), 6. [Ru(Me(2)bpy)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(OH2)](PF6)(2), 7 (where Me(2)bpy = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Ru(phen)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(OH2)](PF6)(2), 8 were also synthesised. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI MS, HRMS, UV-visible absorption, B-11, F-19, and Co-59 NMR, ESR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, where appropriate. Photocatalytic studies carried out in acidified acetonitrile demonstrated constant hydrogen generation longer than a 42 hour period as detected by gas chromatography. Time resolved spectroscopic measurements were performed on compound 6, which proved an intramolecular electron transfer from an excited Ru(II) metal centre to the Co(II) metal centre via the bridging L-pyr ligand. This resulted in the formation of a cobalt(I)-containing species that is essential for the production of H-2 gas in the presence of H+ ions. A proposed mechanism for the generation of hydrogen is presented. C1 [Horne, Toyketa; Horton, Dorothy C.; Phillips, Joshua D.; Holder, Alvin A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Cropek, Donald M.; Metz, Anja] USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Mueller, Astrid M.; Gray, Harry B.] CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Poluektov, Oleg; Tiede, David M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Weber, Ralph T.] EPR Div Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Jarrett, William L.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Holder, AA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, 118 Coll Dr,5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM alvin.holder@usm.edu RI Holder, Alvin/B-6329-2016 OI Holder, Alvin/0000-0001-9618-5297 FU Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory; Center Directed Research Program at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation; Mississippi LSAMP [HRD-0602740]; Mississippi INBRE; National Center for Research Resources [5P20RR016476-11]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from the National Institutes of Health [8 P20 GM103476-11]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE 0639208]; NSF CRIF:MU Award [0741991, 0840390]; NSF [CHE - 1151832] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and ERDC-CERL. This work was also supported by the Center Directed Research Program at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, The Mississippi LSAMP (grant #HRD-0602740), and by the Mississippi INBRE funded by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016476-11) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103476-11) from the National Institutes of Health. The authors also acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) for funding our ESI and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometers (Grant CHE 0639208). We are also grateful for the use of our BrukerBiospin EMXmicro ESR spectrometer, which was funded by the NSF CRIF:MU Award #0741991; also our new 400 MHZ NMR spectrometer, which was funded by the NSF CRIF:MU Award #0840390. AAH would like to thank the NSF for an NSF CAREER Award; also this material is based upon work supported by the NSF under CHE - 1151832. The authors would like to acknowledge the scientists at Olis, Inc. for acquiring all of the NIR spectra on their Olis-modernized Cary 14 UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 42 BP 13060 EP 13073 DI 10.1039/c2dt30309d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 017TZ UT WOS:000309615200007 PM 23001132 ER PT J AU Warren, MR Brayshaw, SK Hatcher, LE Johnson, AL Schiffers, S Warren, AJ Teat, SJ Warren, JE Woodall, CH Raithby, PR AF Warren, Mark R. Brayshaw, Simon K. Hatcher, Lauren E. Johnson, Andrew L. Schiffers, Stefanie Warren, Anna J. Teat, Simon J. Warren, John E. Woodall, Christopher H. Raithby, Paul R. TI Photoactivated linkage isomerism in single crystals of nickel, palladium and platinum di-nitro complexes - a photocrystallographic investigation SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; SPIN-CROSSOVER COMPLEXES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MOLLER-PLESSET; HARTREE-FOCK; DENSITY; IDENTIFICATION; EXCHANGE; EQUILIBRIUM; METHODOLOGY AB Low temperature, single crystal photocrystallographic studies have been carried out on four square planar Group 10 complexes [Ni(PEt3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 1, [Pd(PPh3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 2, [Pd(AsPh3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 3 and [Pt(PPh3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 4, in which the two nitro groups adopt the trans configuration. Irradiation with UV light, at 100 K, of single crystals of complexes 1-3 photoisomerise from the eta(1)-NO2 nitro form to the eta(1)-ONO nitrito form occurred. Complex 1 underwent 25% conversion to the nitrito form before crystal decomposition occurred. 2 and 3 underwent 46% and 39% conversion, respectively, to the nitrito form when a photostationary state was reached. While under the same experimental conditions 4 showed no isomerisation. The photocrystallographic results can be correlated with the results of DFT calculations and with the observed trends in the solution UV/visible absorption spectroscopy obtained for these complexes. The results suggest that while steric factors in the isomerization processes are important there may also be a kinetic effect relating to the lability of the metal involved. C1 [Warren, Mark R.; Brayshaw, Simon K.; Hatcher, Lauren E.; Johnson, Andrew L.; Schiffers, Stefanie; Warren, Anna J.; Woodall, Christopher H.; Raithby, Paul R.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Warren, John E.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Johnson, AL (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM p.r.raithby@bath.ac.uk RI Raithby, Paul/N-7997-2014; OI Raithby, Paul/0000-0002-2944-0662; Johnson, Andrew/0000-0001-5241-0878; /0000-0002-8755-7981 FU EPSRC [EP/D058147, EP/D054397]; STFC Daresbury Laboratory; ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX We thank the EPSRC for financial support for the project (EP/D058147 and EP/D054397) and for studentships to L. E. H., S. S., C. H. W. and M. R. W. and for a Senior Research Fellowship to P. R. R. Professor Philip Coppens, SUNY Buffalo, is thanked for helpful discussions. We are grateful to the STFC Daresbury Laboratory and the ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the award of beamtime. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 42 BP 13173 EP 13179 DI 10.1039/c2dt30314k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 017TZ UT WOS:000309615200021 PM 22996434 ER PT S AU Karsch, F AF Karsch, Frithjof BE Turko, L TI UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES OF MOMENTS OF NET BARYON NUMBER FLUCTUATIONS SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON QUARKYONIC ISLAND SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on Quarkyonic Island CY MAY 19-21, 2011 CL Wroclaw, POLAND SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; FREEZE-OUT AB We discuss universal properties of higher order cumulants of net baryon number fluctuations and point out their relevance for the analysis of freeze-out and critical conditions in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC. We focus on a discussion of universal properties of sixth order cumulants and compare with calculations performed in the Polyakov loop extended Quark Meson model. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Karsch, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PI CRACOW PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND SN 1899-2358 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 747 EP 755 DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.747 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCA80 UT WOS:000309505700013 ER PT S AU Koch, V Bzdak, A Liao, J AF Koch, V. Bzdak, A. Liao, J. BE Turko, L TI HAVE WE SEEN LOCAL PARITY VIOLATION IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS? SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON QUARKYONIC ISLAND SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on Quarkyonic Island CY MAY 19-21, 2011 CL Wroclaw, POLAND SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; QCD; MATTER; HOT AB In this contribution we will discuss current measurements of charge dependent particle correlations and their implication for possible local parity violation. C1 [Koch, V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PI CRACOW PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND SN 1899-2358 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 773 EP 780 DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.773 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCA80 UT WOS:000309505700015 ER PT S AU Kojo, T AF Kojo, Toru BE Turko, L TI INTERWEAVING CHIRAL SPIRALS AT FINITE QUARK DENSITY SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON QUARKYONIC ISLAND SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on Quarkyonic Island CY MAY 19-21, 2011 CL Wroclaw, POLAND SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR ID LARGE N-C; QCD AB The interweaving chiral spirals (ICS), that is defined as superposition of differently oriented chiral spirals, is important for qualitative understandings of the intermediate quark density region as well as quantitative estimates of the Quarkyonic region. We discuss how to construct the ICS, taking the (2+1) dimensional Fermi system as an example. We postulate that the presence of the ICS would delay the occurrence of the chiral restoration as well as deconfinement phase transition, by tempering the growth of quark fluctuations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kojo, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PI CRACOW PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND SN 1899-2358 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 781 EP 790 DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.781 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCA80 UT WOS:000309505700016 ER PT S AU Skokov, V AF Skokov, V. BE Turko, L TI FLUCTUATIONS OF CONSERVED CHARGES IN THE POLYAKOV LOOP EXTENDED QUARK-MESON MODEL AT FINITE BARYON DENSITY SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON QUARKYONIC ISLAND SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on Quarkyonic Island CY MAY 19-21, 2011 CL Wroclaw, POLAND SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; PHYSICS AB In this paper, we review the properties of baryon number fluctuations close to the crossover transition at zero and finite baryon densities. We argue on a phenomenological importance of high order cumulants at zero baryon density. Main properties of the cumulants are illustrated beyond a mean-field approximations in an effective low energy model of QCD. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Skokov, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Skokov, Vladimir/0000-0001-7619-1796 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PI CRACOW PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND SN 1899-2358 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S PY 2012 VL 5 IS 3 BP 877 EP 886 DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.877 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BCA80 UT WOS:000309505700025 ER PT J AU Shen, B Abdelaziz, O Rice, K AF Shen, Bo Abdelaziz, Omar Rice, Keith TI Auto-calibration and control strategy determination for a variable-speed heat pump water heater using optimization SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This article introduces applications of the GenOpt (R) optimizer coupled with a vapor compression system model for auto-calibration and control strategy determination toward the development of a variable-speed ground-source heat pump water heating unit. The GenOpt (R) optimizer can be linked with any simulation program using input and output text files. It effectively facilitates optimization runs. Using the proposed GenOpt (R) wrapper program, objectives can flexibly be defined for optimizations, targets, and constraints. Those functionalities enable running extensive optimization cases for model calibration, configuration design, and control strategy determination. In addition, a methodology is described to improve prediction accuracy using functional calibration curves. Using the calibrated model, control strategies of the ground-source heat pump water heater were investigated, considering multiple control objectives and covering the entire operation range. C1 [Shen, Bo; Abdelaziz, Omar; Rice, Keith] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Res & Integrat Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shen, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Res & Integrat Ctr, POB 2008,MS6070, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shenb@ornl.gov RI Abdelaziz, Omar/O-9542-2015 OI Abdelaziz, Omar/0000-0002-4418-0125 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 5 SI SI BP 904 EP 914 DI 10.1080/10789669.2012.680647 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 019OM UT WOS:000309749200007 ER PT S AU Gorelenkov, NN AF Gorelenkov, N. N. BE Benkadda, S Dubuit, N GuimaraesFilho, Z TI Excitation of Alfven Modes by Energetic Particles in Magnetic Fusion SO MHD AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES, 5TH ITER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ITER International Summer School on MHD and Energetic Particles CY JUN 20-24, 2011 CL Aix-en-Provence, FRANCE SP Aix-Marseille Univ, Communaute Pays dAix (CNRS), Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone (CEA), Conseil Reg PACA, USBPO, ITER DE Alfven waves; energetic particles; magnetic fusion ID AXISYMMETRICAL TOROIDAL PLASMAS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; EIGENMODES; TOKAMAK; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; WAVES; SPECTRUM; IONS; ITER AB Ions with energies above the plasma ion temperature (also called super thermal, hot or energetic particles - EP) are utilized in laboratory experiments as a plasma heat source to compensate for energy loss. Sources for super thermal ions are direct injection via neutral beams, RF heating and fusion reactions. Being super thermal, ions have the potential to induce instabilities of a certain class of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) cavity modes, in particular, various Alfven and Alfven-acoustic Eigenmodes. It is an area where ideal MHD and kinetic theories can be tested with great accuracy. This paper touches upon key motivations to study the energetic ion interactions with MHD modes. One is the possibility of controlling the heating channel of present and future tokamak reactors via EP transport. In some extreme circumstances, uncontrolled instabilities led to vessel wall damages. This paper reviews some experimental and theoretical advances and the developments of the predictive tools in the area of EP wave interactions. Some recent important results and challenges are discussed. Many predicted instabilities pose a challenge for ITER, where the alpha-particle population is likely to excite various modes. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1087-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1478 BP 7 EP 22 DI 10.1063/1.4751636 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCB32 UT WOS:000309585300001 ER PT S AU White, RB AF White, R. B. BE Benkadda, S Dubuit, N GuimaraesFilho, Z TI Mode particle resonance in toroidal fusion devices SO MHD AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES, 5TH ITER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ITER International Summer School on MHD and Energetic Particles CY JUN 20-24, 2011 CL Aix-en-Provence, FRANCE SP Aix-Marseille Univ, Communaute Pays dAix (CNRS), Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone (CEA), Conseil Reg PACA, USBPO, ITER DE resonance waves plasma particles AB The modification of particle distributions by magnetohydrodynamic modes is an important topic for magnetically confined plasmas. Even low amplitude modes are known to be capable of producing significant modification of injected neutral beam profiles, and the same can be expected in burning plasmas for the alpha particle distributions. Particle distributions can be modified only by the existence of resonances, the locations of which depend on particle energy, equilibrium parameters, and mode shape and frequency. Flattening of a distribution due to phase mixing in an island or due to portions of phase space becoming stochastic is a process extremely rapid on the time scale of an experiment but still very long compared to the time scale of guiding center simulations. In this paper we discuss the interaction between a given spectrum of modes and a high energy particle distribution. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP White, RB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1087-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1478 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1063/1.4751640 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCB32 UT WOS:000309585300005 ER PT S AU Fisch, NJ AF Fisch, N. J. BE Benkadda, S Dubuit, N GuimaraesFilho, Z TI Elementary Processes Underlying Alpha Channeling in Tokamaks SO MHD AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES, 5TH ITER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ITER International Summer School on MHD and Energetic Particles CY JUN 20-24, 2011 CL Aix-en-Provence, FRANCE SP Aix-Marseille Univ, Communaute Pays dAix (CNRS), Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone (CEA), Conseil Reg PACA, USBPO, ITER DE resonance waves alpha particles fusion ID LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; ION-BERNSTEIN WAVES; CURRENT DRIVE; PARTICLES; REACTOR AB Alpha channeling in tokamaks is speculative, but also extraordinarily attractive. Waves that can accomplish this effect have been identified. Key aspects of the theory now enjoy experimental confirmation. This paper will review the elementary processes of wave-particle interactions in plasma that underlie the alpha channeling effect. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fisch, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1087-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1478 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1063/1.4751641 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCB32 UT WOS:000309585300006 ER PT S AU Johnson, PA AF Johnson, Paul A. BE Kamakura, T Sugimoto, N TI Nonlinear Acoustic/Seismic Waves in Earthquake Processes SO NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PERSPECTIVES (ISNA 19) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (ISNA) CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Waseda Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN SP Acoust Soc Japan (ASJ), Acoust Soc Amer (ASA), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Nonlinear Acoust Soc Japan HO Waseda Univ DE Earthquakes; nonlinear dynamics in earthquakes; nonlinear waves in strong ground motion; dynamic earthquake triggering; triggered nonvolcanic tremor and slow-slip ID GRANULAR MEDIA; SLIP AB Nonlinear dynamics induced by seismic sources and seismic waves are common in Earth. Observations range from seismic strong ground motion (the most damaging aspect of earthquakes), intense near-source effects, and distant nonlinear effects from the source that have important consequences. The distant effects include dynamic earthquake triggering-one of the most fascinating topics in seismology today-which may be elastically nonlinearly driven. Dynamic earthquake triggering is the phenomenon whereby seismic waves generated from one earthquake trigger slip events on a nearby or distant fault. Dynamic triggering may take place at distances thousands of kilometers from the triggering earthquake, and includes triggering of the entire spectrum of slip behaviors currently identified. These include triggered earthquakes and triggered slow, silent-slip during which little seismic energy is radiated. It appears that the elasticity of the fault gouge-the granular material located between the fault blocks-is key to the triggering phenomenon. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1082-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1474 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1063/1.4749294 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Applied SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA BCB03 UT WOS:000309528700004 ER PT S AU Stewart, FF AF Stewart, Frederick F. BE Allen, DW Loakes, D Tebby, JC TI Phosphazenes SO ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY, VOL 41 SE SPR-Organophosphorus Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIPEPTIDE-BASED POLYPHOSPHAZENE; SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; GENE DELIVERY; IN-VITRO; ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS; SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHAZENES; TRANSFECTION EFFICIENCY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLYESTER BLENDS C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Stewart, FF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Frederick.Stewart@inl.gov NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0713 BN 978-1-84973-487-5 J9 SPR-ORGANOPHOS CHEM PY 2012 VL 41 BP 349 EP 384 DI 10.1039/9781849734875-00349 D2 10.1039/9781849734875 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BBV15 UT WOS:000308309400010 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, CR Widlund, OB AF Dohrmann, Clark R. Widlund, Olof B. TI AN ALTERNATIVE COARSE SPACE FOR IRREGULAR SUBDOMAINS AND AN OVERLAPPING SCHWARZ ALGORITHM FOR SCALAR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS IN THE PLANE SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE domain decomposition; elliptic equations; overlapping Schwarz preconditioners; coarse subspaces; irregular subdomain boundaries; discontinuous coefficients ID INCOMPRESSIBLE ELASTICITY; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; DIMENSIONS AB In earlier work on domain decomposition methods for elliptic problems in the plane, an assumption that each subdomain is triangular or a union of a few coarse triangles has often been made. This is similar to what is required in geometric multigrid theory and is unrealistic if the subdomains are produced by a mesh partitioner. In an earlier paper, coauthored with Axel Klawonn, the authors introduced a coarse subspace for an overlapping Schwarz method with one degree of freedom for each subdomain vertex and one for each subdomain edge. A condition number bound proportional to (1+log(H/h))(2)(1+ H/delta) was established assuming only that the subdomains are John domains; here H/delta measures the relative overlap between neighboring subdomains and H/h the maximum number of elements across individual subdomains. We were also able to relate the rate of convergence to a parameter in an isoperimetric inequality for the subdomains into which the domain of the problem has been partitioned. In this paper, the dimension of the coarse subspace is decreased by using only one degree of freedom for each subdomain vertex; if all subdomains have three edges, this leads to a reduction of the dimension of the coarse subspace by approximately a factor four. In addition, the condition number bound is shown to be proportional to (1+ log(H/h))(1+ H/delta) under a quite mild assumption on the relative length of adjacent subdomain edges. In this study, the subdomains are assumed to be uniform in the sense of Peter Jones. As in our earlier work, the results are insensitive to arbitrary large jumps in the coefficients of the elliptic problem across the interface between the subdomains. Numerical results are presented which confirm the theory and demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm for a variety of mesh decompositions and distributions of material properties. It is also shown that the new algorithm often converges faster than the older one in spite of the fact that the dimension of the coarse space has been decreased considerably. C1 [Dohrmann, Clark R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Widlund, Olof B.] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM crdohrm@sandia.gov; widlund@cims.nyu.edu FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER25718]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0914954]; Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Department of Mathematics of the Chinese University of Hong Kong FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000.; This author's work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-06ER25718 and in part by National Science Foundation grant DMS-0914954. Part of the work of this author was also supported by the Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the Department of Mathematics of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2522 EP 2537 DI 10.1137/110853959 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 027CQ UT WOS:000310329800016 ER PT J AU Fusseis, F Schrank, C Liu, J Karrech, A Llana-Funez, S Xiao, X Regenauer-Lieb, K AF Fusseis, F. Schrank, C. Liu, J. Karrech, A. Llana-Funez, S. Xiao, X. Regenauer-Lieb, K. TI Pore formation during dehydration of a polycrystalline gypsum sample observed and quantified in a time-series synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography experiment SO SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MICROTOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES; PRESSURE EXCESS; SYSTEM; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; BASSANITE; HUMIDITY; KINETICS; FEEDBACK AB We conducted an in-situ X-ray micro-computed tomography heating experiment at the Advanced Photon Source (USA) to dehydrate an unconfined 2.3mm diameter cylinder of Volterra Gypsum. We used a purpose-built X-ray transparent furnace to heat the sample to 388K for a total of 310 min to acquire a three-dimensional time-series tomography dataset comprising nine time steps. The voxel size of 2.2 mu m(3) proved sufficient to pinpoint reaction initiation and the organization of drainage architecture in space and time. We observed that dehydration commences across a narrow front, which propagates from the margins to the centre of the sample in more than four hours. The advance of this front can be fitted with a square-root function, implying that the initiation of the reaction in the sample can be described as a diffusion process. Novel parallelized computer codes allow quantifying the geometry of the porosity and the drainage architecture from the very large tomographic datasets (2048(3) voxels) in unprecedented detail. We determined position, volume, shape and orientation of each resolvable pore and tracked these properties over the duration of the experiment. We found that the pore-size distribution follows a power law. Pores tend to be anisotropic but rarely crack-shaped and have a preferred orientation, likely controlled by a pre-existing fabric in the sample. With on-going dehydration, pores coalesce into a single interconnected pore cluster that is connected to the surface of the sample cylinder and provides an effective drainage pathway. Our observations can be summarized in a model in which gypsum is stabilized by thermal expansion stresses and locally increased pore fluid pressures until the dehydration front approaches to within about 100 mu m. Then, the internal stresses are released and dehydration happens efficiently, resulting in new pore space. Pressure release, the production of pores and the advance of the front are coupled in a feedback loop. C1 [Fusseis, F.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, Bochum, Germany. [Schrank, C.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Earth Environm & Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Liu, J.; Regenauer-Lieb, K.] Western Australian Geothermal Ctr Excellence, Perth, WA, Australia. [Liu, J.; Regenauer-Lieb, K.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, Australia. [Karrech, A.; Regenauer-Lieb, K.] CSIRO Earth Sci & Resource Engn, Kensington, NSW, Australia. [Karrech, A.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Crawley, Australia. [Llana-Funez, S.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Geol, E-33005 Oviedo, Spain. [Xiao, X.] Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. RP Fusseis, F (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, Bochum, Germany. EM florian@fusseis.at RI Liu, Jie/G-3551-2011; Karrech, Ali/H-5168-2014; Regenauer-Lieb, Klaus/H-5706-2014; Llana-Funez, Sergio/A-2169-2008; Fusseis, Florian/M-5321-2016; OI Regenauer-Lieb, Klaus/0000-0002-2198-5895; Llana-Funez, Sergio/0000-0002-8748-5623; Fusseis, Florian/0000-0002-3104-8109; Schrank, Christoph/0000-0001-9643-2382 FU Western Australian State Government through the Premier's Fellowship Program; Western Australian State Government through the Western Australian Geothermal Centre of Excellence Program; Australian Synchrotron Research Program; Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NERC [NE/C002938/1]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [RYC-2008-02067]; German Research Foundation [SCHR 1262/1-1] FX This work was supported by the Western Australian State Government through the Premier's Fellowship Program and the Western Australian Geothermal Centre of Excellence Program, and the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. SLF acknowledges funding by NERC, grant NE/C002938/1, and by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, grant RYC-2008-02067. CS acknowledges funding by the German Research Foundation under Grant No. SCHR 1262/1-1. We thank iVEC@UWA in Perth for use of their computing facilities. We thank S. Revets for making unpublished results available, K. Gessner, and R. Hough for help with data acquisition and Mike Heap for the editorial handling. Reviews by H. Milsch and F. Trippetta helped to improve the manuscript and are gratefully acknowledged. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1869-9510 J9 SOLID EARTH JI Solid Earth PY 2012 VL 3 IS 1 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.5194/se-3-71-2012 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 021KT UT WOS:000309884400006 ER PT S AU Batchelder, JC Brewer, NT Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hamilton, JH Karny, M Kuzniak, A Madurga, MF Mendez, AJ Liu, SH Miernik, K Miller, D Padgett, SW Paulauskas, SV Rykaczewski, KP Ramayya, AV Stracener, DW Wolinska-Cichocka, M Zganjar, EF AF Batchelder, J. C. Brewer, N. T. Gross, C. J. Grzywacz, R. Hamilton, J. H. Karny, M. Kuzniak, A. Madurga, M. F. Mendez, A. J. Liu, S. H. Miernik, K. Miller, D. Padgett, S. W. Paulauskas, S. V. Rykaczewski, K. P. Ramayya, A. V. Stracener, D. W. Wolinska-Cichocka, M. Zganjar, E. F. BE PadillaRodal, E Bijker, R TI Systematics of Low Energy Collective States in neutron-rich Cd Isotopes SO XXXV SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 03-06, 2012 CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO ID BETA-DECAY; SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEUS AB It has been shown that there are significant deviations from the expected U(5) dynamical symmetry for Cd-110,Cd-112,Cd-114,Cd-116. However, there is very significant mixing with intruder states in this region. In this paper, we investigated states in the heavier Cd-120,Cd-124,Cd-126 populated via beta decay. These nuclei exhibit similar patterns to the lighter Cd isotopes even though the intruder states are much higher in energy. C1 [Batchelder, J. C.; Liu, S. H.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brewer, N. T.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.] Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Gross, C. J.; Grzywacz, R.; Karny, M.; Mendez, A. J.; Miernik, K.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Stracener, D. W.; Wolinska-Cichocka, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. [Grzywacz, R.; Madurga, M. F.; Miller, D.; Padgett, S. W.; Paulauskas, S. V.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Karny, M.; Kuzniak, A.; Wolinska-Cichocka, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zganjar, E. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Batchelder, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76OR00033, DOE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-FG02-96ER40978] FX This work has been supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC05-76OR00033 (UNIRIB), DE-FG05-88ER40407 (Vanderbilt University), DOE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-FG02-96ER40983 (University of Tennessee) and DE-FG02-96ER40978 (Louisiana State University). NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 387 AR 012005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/387/1/012005 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCB62 UT WOS:000309660800005 ER PT S AU Galindo-Uribarri, A AF Galindo-Uribarri, A. BE PadillaRodal, E Bijker, R TI Precise Coulomb excitation B(E2) measurements for first 2(+) states of projectile nuclei near the doubly magic nuclei Ni-78 and Sn-132 SO XXXV SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 03-06, 2012 CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO ID HIGH-SPIN; CR-48; BEAMS AB Coulomb excitation is a very precise tool to measure excitation probabilities and provide insight on the collectivity of nuclear excitations and in particular on nuclear shapes. In the last few years radioactive ion beam facilities such as HRIBF opened unique opportunities to explore the structure of nuclei in the regions near the doubly magic nuclei Ni-78 (Z=28 and N=50) and Sn-132 (Z=50 and N=82). For this purpose we have developed specialized methods and instrumentation to measure various observables. There is also the opportunity to perform precision experiments with stable beams using exactly the same state-of-the-art instrumentation and techniques as with their radioactive ion beam counterpart. I describe some of the recent efforts at HRIBF to do more precise measurements using particle-gamma techniques. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. EM uribarri@phy.ornl.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 387 AR 012013 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/387/1/012013 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCB62 UT WOS:000309660800013 ER PT S AU Wong, CY AF Wong, C. Y. BE PadillaRodal, E Bijker, R TI Novel Bose-Einstein Interference in the Passage of a Fast Particle in a Dense Medium SO XXXV SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 03-06, 2012 CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO ID QCD FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; COLLISIONS AB When an energetic particle collides coherently with many medium particles at high energies, the Bose-Einstein symmetry with respect to the interchange of the exchanged virtual bosons leads to a destructive interference of the Feynman amplitudes in most regions of the phase space but a constructive interference in some other regions of the phase space. As a consequence, the recoiling medium particles have a tendency to come out collectively along the direction of the incident fast particle, each carrying a substantial fraction of the incident longitudinal momentum. Such an interference appearing as collective recoils of scatterers along the incident particle direction may have been observed in angular correlations of hadrons associated with a high-p(T) trigger in high-energy AuAu collisions at RHIC. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wongc@ornl.gov OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 387 AR 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/387/1/012009 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCB62 UT WOS:000309660800009 ER PT S AU Castello, C Williamson, M Gerdes, K Harp, D Vesselinov, V AF Castello, Charles Williamson, Mark Gerdes, Kurt Harp, Dylan Vesselinov, Velimir GP IEEE TI Near-Optimal Placement of Monitoring Wells for the Detection of Potential Contaminant Arrival in a Regional Aquifer at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO 2012 44TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST) SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST) CY MAR 11-13, 2012 CL Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL SP IEEE HO Univ N Florida DE Near-Optimal Placement; ASCEM; Geostatistical Analysis; Classical Variography; Ordinary Point Kriging; K-Means Clustering ID NETWORK DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION AB This research presents a strategy to aid in the development of a decision support toolset in the Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Monitoring (ASCEM) modeling platform for determining the near-optimal placement of monitoring wells. There are two scenarios that are studied in determining the near-optimal placement of monitoring wells: (1) placement of an entirely new network and (2) placement of additional monitoring wells within a previously placed network. The key technique utilized in this strategy minimizes the variance of spatial analysis using Geostatistical analysis and optimizes using Monte Carlo analysis. A clustering technique, namely k-means, is used in the second scenario to determine specific locations of importance relative to previously placed monitoring wells. This strategy is applied to chromium contamination at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The purpose is the determination of monitoring well placement to detect potential contaminant arrival in a regional aquifer located at Sandia and Mortandad Canyons. C1 [Castello, Charles] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Williamson, Mark; Gerdes, Kurt] Dept Energy, Washington, DC USA. [Harp, Dylan; Vesselinov, Velimir] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Castello, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Harp, Dylan/0000-0001-9777-8000; Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 978-1-4577-1493-1 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2012 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ71 UT WOS:000309226000012 ER PT S AU Baboulin, M Becker, D Dongarra, J AF Baboulin, Marc Becker, Dulceneia Dongarra, Jack GP IEEE TI A Parallel Tiled Solver for Dense Symmetric Indefinite Systems on Multicore Architectures SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE dense linear algebra; symmetric indefinite systems; randomized algorithms; tiled factorization ID GAUSSIAN-ELIMINATION; LINEAR ALGEBRA AB We describe an efficient and innovative parallel tiled algorithm for solving symmetric indefinite systems on multicore architectures. This solver avoids pivoting by using a multiplicative preconditioning based on symmetric randomization. This randomization prevents the communication overhead due to pivoting, is computationally inexpensive and requires very little storage. Following randomization, a tiled factorization is used that reduces synchronization by using static or dynamic scheduling. We compare Gflop/s performance of our solver with other types of factorizations on a current multicore machine and we provide tests on accuracy using LAPACK test cases. C1 [Baboulin, Marc] Inria Saclay Ile de France, F-91893 Orsay, France. [Baboulin, Marc] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Becker, Dulceneia; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Baboulin, M (reprint author), Inria Saclay Ile de France, F-91893 Orsay, France. EM marc.baboulin@inria.fr; dbecker7@eecs.utk.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.12 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900003 ER PT S AU Meng, JY Sheaffer, JW Skadron, K AF Meng, Jiayuan Sheaffer, Jeremy W. Skadron, Kevin GP IEEE TI Robust SIMD: Dynamically Adapted SIMD Width and Multi-Threading Depth SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB Architectures that aggressively exploit SIMD often have many datapaths execute in lockstep and use multi-threading to hide latency. They can yield high throughput in terms of area- and energy-efficiency for many data-parallel applications. To balance productivity and performance, many recent SIMD organizations incorporate implicit cache hierarchies. Exaples of such architectures include Intel's MIC, AMD's Fusion, and NVIDIA's Fermi. However, unlike software-managed streaming memories used in conventional graphics processors (GPUs), hardware-managed caches are more disruptive to SIMD execution; therefore the interaction between implicit caching and aggressive SIMD execution may no longer follow the conventional wisdom gained from streaming memories. We show that due to more frequent memory latency divergence, lower latency in non-L1 data accesses, and relatively unpredictable L1 contention, cache hierarchies favor different SIMD widths and multi-threading depths than streaming memories. In fact, because the above effects are subject to runtime dynamics, a fixed combination of SIMD width and multi-threading depth no longer works ubiquitously across diverse applications or when cache capacities are reduced due to pollution or power saving. To address the above issues and reduce design risks, this paper proposes Robust SIMD, which provides wide SIMD and then dynamically adjusts SIMD width and multi-threading depth according to performance feedback. Robust SIMD can trade wider SIMD for deeper multi-threading by splitting a wider SIMD group into multiple narrower SIMD groups. Compared to the performance generated by running every benchmark on its individually preferred SIMD organization, the same Robust SIMD organization performs similarly-sometimes even better due to phase adaptation-and outperforms the best fixed SIMD organization by 17%. When D-cache capacity is reduced due to runtime disruptiveness, Robust SIMD offers graceful performance degradation; with 25% polluted cache lines in a 32 KB D-cache, Robust SIMD performs 1.4x better compared to a conventional SIMD architecture. C1 [Meng, Jiayuan] Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sheaffer, Jeremy W.; Skadron, Kevin] Univ Virginia, Dept Comp Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Meng, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmeng@alcf.anl.gov; jws9c@cs.virginia.edu; skadron@cs.virginia.edu FU SRC [1607, 1972]; NSF [IIS-0612049, CNS-0615277]; NVIDIA Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by SRC grant No.1607 and task 1972, NSF grant nos. IIS-0612049 and CNS-0615277, a grant from Intel Research, a professor partnership award from NVIDIA Research, and an NVIDIA Ph.D. fellowship (Meng). This research is also supported by the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.20 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900011 ER PT S AU Scogland, TRW Rountree, B Feng, WC de Supinski, BR AF Scogland, Thomas R. W. Rountree, Barry Feng, Wu-chun de Supinski, Bronis R. GP IEEE TI Heterogeneous Task Scheduling for Accelerated OpenMP SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE GPGPU; OpenMP; Programming models ID ARCHITECTURES AB Heterogeneous systems with CPUs and computational accelerators such as GPUs, FPGAs or the upcoming Intel MIC are becoming mainstream. In these systems, peak performance includes the performance of not just the CPUs but also all available accelerators. In spite of this fact, the majority of programming models for heterogeneous computing focus on only one of these. With the development of Accelerated OpenMP for GPUs, both from PGI and Cray, we have a clear path to extend traditional OpenMP applications incrementally to use GPUs. The extensions are geared toward switching from CPU parallelism to GPU parallelism. However they do not preserve the former while adding the latter. Thus computational potential is wasted since either the CPU cores or the GPU cores are left idle. Our goal is to create a runtime system that can intelligently divide an accelerated OpenMP region across all available resources automatically. This paper presents our proof-of-concept runtime system for dynamic task scheduling across CPUs and GPUs. Further, we motivate the addition of this system into the proposed OpenMP for Accelerators standard. Finally, we show that this option can produce as much as a two-fold performance improvement over using either the CPU or GPU alone. C1 [Scogland, Thomas R. W.; Feng, Wu-chun] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Rountree, Barry; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Scogland, TRW (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM tom.scogland@vt.edu; rountree@llnl.gov; feng@vt.edu; bronis@llnl.gov FU DoD National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) [LLNL-CONF-502012] FX This work was supported in part by a DoD National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG). LLNL-CONF-502012 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.23 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900014 ER PT S AU Arafat, H Sadayappan, P Dinan, J Krishnamoorthy, S Windus, TL AF Arafat, Humayun Sadayappan, P. Dinan, James Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Windus, Theresa L. GP IEEE TI Load Balancing of Dynamical Nucleation Theory Monte Carlo Simulations Through Resource Sharing Barriers SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Monte Carlo Simulation; Parallel processing; Load balancing; Resource management; Global Arrays; PGAS ID PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHMS; IMPLEMENTATION; LANGUAGE; NWCHEM AB The dynamical nucleation theory Monte Carlo (DNTMC) application from the NWChem computational chemistry suite utilizes a Markov chain Monte Carlo, two-level parallel structure, with periodic synchronization points that assemble the results of independent finer-grained calculations. Like many such applications, the existing code employs a static partitioning of processes into groups and assigns each group a piece of the finer-grained parallel calculation. A significant cause of performance degradation is load imbalance among groups since the time requirements of the inner-parallel calculation varies widely with the input problem and as a result of the Monte Carlo simulation. We present a novel approach to load balancing such calculations with minimal changes to the application. We introduce the concept of a resource sharing barrier (RSB) - a barrier that allows process groups waiting on other processes' work to actively contribute to their completion. The RSB load balancing technique is applied to the production DNTMC application code, resulting in a small code change of 200 lines and a reduction in execution time of up to 37%. C1 [Arafat, Humayun; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dinan, James] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Krishnamoorthy, Sriram] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Windus, Theresa L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Arafat, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM arafatm@cse.ohio-state.edu; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu; dinan@mcs.anl.gov; sriram@pnl.gov; twindus@iastate.edu RI Sadayappan, P/D-6620-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Advanced Scientific Computing "High performance computational chemistry; Computer physics Communications [1-2] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing High performance computational chemistry: An overview of NWChem a distributed parallel application, Computer physics Communications , vol. 128, no. 1-2, pp. 260 -283, 2000. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.35 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900026 ER PT S AU Protze, J Hilbrich, T Knupfer, A de Supinski, BR Muller, MS AF Protze, Joachim Hilbrich, Tobias Knuepfer, Andreas de Supinski, Bronis R. Mueller, Matthias S. GP IEEE TI Holistic Debugging of MPI Derived Datatypes SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE MPI; datatypes; runtime error detection; debugging ID FRAMEWORK AB The Message Passing Interface (MPI) specifies an API that allows programmers to create efficient and scalable parallel applications. The standard defines multiple constraints for each function parameter. For performance reasons, no MPI implementation checks all of these constraints at runtime. Derived datatypes are an important concept of MPI and allow users to describe an application's data structures for efficient and convenient communication. Using existing infrastructure we present scalable algorithms to detect usage errors of basic and derived MPI datatypes. We detect errors that include constraints for construction and usage of derived datatypes, matching their type signatures in communication, and detecting erroneous overlaps of communication buffers. We implement these checks in the MUST runtime error detection framework. We provide a novel representation of error locations to highlight usage errors. Further, approaches to buffer overlap checking can cause unacceptable overheads for non-contiguous datatypes. We present an algorithm that uses patterns in derived MPI datatypes to avoid these overheads without losing precision. Application results for the benchmark suites SPEC MPI2007 and NAS Parallel Benchmarks for up to 2048 cores show that our approach applies to a broad range of applications and that our extended overlap check improves performance by two orders of magnitude. Finally, we augment our runtime error detection component with a debugger extension to support in-depth analysis of the errors that we find as well as semantic errors. This extension to gdb provides information about MPI datatype handles and enables gdb - and other debuggers based on gdb - to display the content of a buffer as used in MPI communications. C1 [Protze, Joachim; Hilbrich, Tobias; Knuepfer, Andreas; Mueller, Matthias S.] Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Informat Serv & High Performance Comp, Dresden, Germany. [de Supinski, Bronis R.] Ctr Appl Sci Comp, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Protze, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Informat Serv & High Performance Comp, Dresden, Germany. EM joachim.protze@tu-dresden.de; tobias.hilbrich@tu-dresden.de; andreas.knuepfer@tu-dresden.de; bronis@llnl.gov; matthias.mueller@tu-dresden.de FU Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy. FX This article (LLNL-CONF-522011) has been authored in part by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 354 EP 365 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.41 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900032 ER PT S AU Gyulassy, A Pascucci, V Peterka, T Ross, R AF Gyulassy, Attila Pascucci, Valerio Peterka, Tom Ross, Robert GP IEEE TI The Parallel Computation of Morse-Smale Complexes SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Morse-Sample complex; Parallel topological analysis ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SCALAR FUNCTIONS; SIMPLIFICATION AB Topology-based techniques are useful for multiscale exploration of the feature space of scalar-valued functions, such as those derived from the output of large-scale simulations. The Morse-Smale (MS) complex, in particular, allows robust identification of gradient-based features, and therefore is suitable for analysis tasks in a wide range of application domains. In this paper, we develop a two-stage algorithm to construct the 1-skeleton of the Morse-Smale complex in parallel, the first stage independently computing local features per block and the second stage merging to resolve global features. Our implementation is based on MPI and a distributed-memory architecture. Through a set of scalability studies on the IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer, we characterize the performance of the algorithm as block sizes, process counts, merging strategy, and levels of topological simplification are varied, for datasets that vary in feature composition and size. We conclude with a strong scaling study using scientific datasets computed by combustion and hydrodynamics simulations. C1 [Gyulassy, Attila; Pascucci, Valerio] Univ Utah, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Peterka, Tom; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gyulassy, A (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jediati@sci.utah.edu; pascucci@sci.utah.edu; tpeterka@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.52 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900043 ER PT S AU Beckman, P AF Beckman, Pete GP IEEE TI Exascale System Software for the Year of the Dragon SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Exascale Technol & Comp Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beckman, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Exascale Technol & Comp Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 595 EP 595 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.132 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900052 ER PT S AU Lifflander, J Miller, P Venkataraman, R Arya, A Kale, L Jones, T AF Lifflander, Jonathan Miller, Phil Venkataraman, Ramprasad Arya, Anshu Kale, Laxmikant Jones, Terry GP IEEE TI Mapping Dense LU Factorization on Multicore Supercomputer Nodes SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB Dense LU factorization is a prominent benchmark used to rank the performance of supercomputers. Many implementations use block-cyclic distributions of matrix blocks onto a two-dimensional process grid. The process grid dimensions drive a trade-off between communication and computation and are architecture-and implementation-sensitive. The critical panel factorization steps can be made less communication-bound by overlapping asynchronous collectives for pivoting with the computation of rank-k updates. By shifting the computation-communication trade-off, a modified block-cyclic distribution can beneficially exploit more available parallelism on the critical path, and reduce panel factorization's memory hierarchy contention on now-ubiquitous multicore architectures. During active panel factorization, rank-1 updates stream through memory with minimal reuse. In a column-major process grid, the performance of this access pattern degrades as too many streaming processors contend for access to memory. A block-cyclic mapping in the row-major order does not encounter this problem, but consequently sacrifices node and network locality in the critical pivoting steps. We introduce striding to vary between the two extremes of row-and column-major process grids. The maximum available parallelism in the critical path work (active panel factorization, triangular solves, and subsequent broadcasts) is bounded by the length or width of the process grid. Increasing one dimension of the process grid decreases the number of distinct processes and nodes in the other dimension. To increase the harnessed parallelism in both dimensions, we start with a tall process grid. We then apply periodic rotation to this grid to restore exploited parallelism along the row to previous levels. As a test-bed for further mapping experiments, we describe a dense LU implementation that allows a block distribution to be defined as a general function of block to processor. Other mappings can be tested with only small, local changes to the code. C1 [Lifflander, Jonathan; Miller, Phil; Venkataraman, Ramprasad; Arya, Anshu; Kale, Laxmikant] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jones, Terry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lifflander, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jliffl2@illinois.edu; mille121@illinois.edu; ramv@illinois.edu; arya3@illinois.edu; kale@illinois.edu; trj@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0725070, ITR-HECURA-0833188, NSF-0904844]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0001845, DEFG-08OR23332]; Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [TG-ASC050040N]; National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (OCI-0725070, ITR-HECURA-0833188, NSF-0904844) and the Department of Energy (DE-SC0001845, DEFG-08OR23332). This research used Intrepid and Surveyor of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, under the support of DOE contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Runs on Kraken were done under the TeraGrid [5] allocation grant TG-ASC050040N supported by the NSF. Running time on Jaguar, a resource of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory,was supported by DOE contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accounts on Jaguar were made available via the Performance Evaluation and Analysis Consortium End Station, a DOE INCITE project. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 596 EP 606 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.61 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900053 ER PT S AU Dongarra, J Faverge, M Herault, T Langou, J Robert, Y AF Dongarra, Jack Faverge, Mathieu Herault, Thomas Langou, Julien Robert, Yves GP IEEE TI Hierarchical QR factorization algorithms for multi-core cluster systems SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE QR factorization; numerical linear algebra; hierarchical architecture; distributed memory; cluster; multicore ID GIVENS AB This paper describes a new QR factorization algorithm which is especially designed for massively parallel platforms combining parallel distributed multi-core nodes. These platforms make the present and the foreseeable future of high-performance computing. Our new QR factorization algorithm falls in the category of the tile algorithms which naturally enables good data locality for the sequential kernels executed by the cores (high sequential performance), low number of messages in a parallel distributed setting (small latency term), and fine granularity (high parallelism). Each tile algorithm is uniquely characterized by its sequence of reduction trees. In the context of a cluster of multicores, in order to minimize the number of inter-processor communications (aka, "communication-avoiding" algorithm), it is natural to consider two-level hierarchical trees composed of an "inter-node" tree which acts on top of "intra-node" trees. At the intra-node level, we propose a hierarchical tree made of three levels: (0) "TS level" for cache-friendliness, (1) "low level" for decoupled highly parallel inter-node reductions, (2) "coupling level" to efficiently resolve interactions between local reductions and global reductions. Our hierarchical algorithm and its implementation are flexible and modular, and can accommodate several kernel types, different distribution layouts, and a variety of reduction trees at all levels, both inter-cluster and intra-cluster. Numerical experiments on a cluster of multicore nodes (1) confirm that each of the four levels of our hierarchical tree contributes to build up performance and (2) build insights on how these levels influence performance and interact within each other. Our implementation of the new algorithm with the DAGUE scheduling tool significantly outperforms currently available QR factorization softwares for all matrix shapes, thereby bringing a new advance in numerical linear algebra for petascale and exascale platforms. C1 [Dongarra, Jack; Faverge, Mathieu; Herault, Thomas; Robert, Yves] Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Langou, Julien] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO USA. [Robert, Yves] Ecole Normale Superieure Lyon, Lyon, France. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dongarra@eecs.utk.edu; mfaverge@eecs.utk.edu; therault@eecs.utk.edu; Julien.Langou@ucdenver.edu; Yves.Robert@ens-lyon.fr RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.62 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900054 ER PT S AU Yamazaki, I Li, XYS AF Yamazaki, Ichitaro Li, Xiaoye S. GP IEEE TI New Scheduling Strategies and Hybrid Programming for a Parallel Right-looking Sparse LU Factorization Algorithm on Multicore Cluster Systems SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID SYMBOLIC FACTORIZATION; DIRECT SOLVER; DESIGN AB Parallel sparse LU factorization is a key computational kernel in the solution of a large-scale linear system of equations. In this paper, we propose two strategies to address some scalability issues of a factorization algorithm on modern HPC systems. The first strategy is at the algorithmic-level; we schedule independent tasks as soon as possible to reduce the idle time and the critical path of the algorithm. We demonstrate using thousands of cores that our new scheduling strategy reduces the runtime by nearly three-fold from that of a state-of-the-art pipelined factorization algorithm. The second strategy is at both programming-and architecture-levels; we incorporate light-weight OpenMP threads in each MPI process to reduce both memory and time overheads of a pure MPI implementation on manycore NUMA architectures. Using this hybrid programming paradigm, we obtain a significant reduction in memory usage while achieving a parallel efficiency competitive with that of a pure MPI paradigm. As a result, in comparison to a pure MPI paradigm which failed due to the per-core memory constraint, the hybrid paradigm could utilize more cores on each node and reduce the factorization time on the same number of nodes. We show extensive performance analysis of the new strategies using thousands of cores of the two leading HPC systems, a Cray-XE6 and an IBM iDataPlex. C1 [Yamazaki, Ichitaro; Li, Xiaoye S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yamazaki, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ic.yamazaki@gmail.com; xsli@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 619 EP 630 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.63 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900055 ER PT S AU Rajamanickam, S Boman, EG Heroux, MA AF Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran Boman, Erik G. Heroux, Michael A. GP IEEE TI ShyLU: A Hybrid-Hybrid Solver for Multicore Platforms SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID ALGORITHM; MULTIPROCESSOR; INTERFACE AB With the ubiquity of multicore processors, it is crucial that solvers adapt to the hierarchical structure of modern architectures. We present ShyLU, a "hybrid-hybrid" solver for general sparse linear systems that is hybrid in two ways: First, it combines direct and iterative methods. The iterative part is based on approximate Schur complements where we compute the approximate Schur complement using a value-based dropping strategy or structure-based probing strategy. Second, the solver uses two levels of parallelism via hybrid programming (MPI+threads). ShyLU is useful both in shared-memory environments and on large parallel computers with distributed memory. In the latter case, it should be used as a subdomain solver. We argue that with the increasing complexity of compute nodes, it is important to exploit multiple levels of parallelism even within a single compute node. We show the robustness of ShyLU against other algebraic preconditioners. ShyLU scales well up to 384 cores for a given problem size. We also study the MPI-only performance of ShyLU against a hybrid implementation and conclude that on present multicore nodes MPI-only implementation is better. However, for future multicore machines (96 or more cores) hybrid/hierarchical algorithms and implementations are important for sustained performance. C1 [Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran; Boman, Erik G.; Heroux, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rajamanickam, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM srajama@sandia.gov; egboman@sandia.gov; maherou@sandia.gov OI Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 631 EP 643 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.64 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900056 ER PT S AU Kristensen, MRB Zheng, YL Vinter, B AF Kristensen, Mads Ruben Burgdorff Zheng, Yili Vinter, Brian GP IEEE TI PGAS for Distributed Numerical Python Targeting Multi-core Clusters SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Parallel Programming; Parallel Computing; Python; Scientific Computing AB In this paper we propose a parallel programming model that combines two well-known execution models: Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) and Single Program, Multiple Data (SPMD). The combined model supports SIMD-style data parallelism in global address space and supports SPMD-style task parallelism in local address space. One of the most important features in the combined model is that data communication is expressed by global data assignments instead of message passing. We implement this combined programming model into Python, making parallel programming with Python both highly productive and performing on distributed memory multi-core systems. We base the SIMD data parallelism on DistNumPy, an auto-parallelizing version of the Numerical Python (NumPy) package that allows sequential NumPy programs to run on distributed memory architectures. We implement the SPMD task parallelism as an extension to DistNumPy that enables each process to have direct access to the local part of a shared array. To harvest the multi-core benefits in modern processors we exploit multi-threading in both SIMD and SPMD execution models. The multi-threading is completely transparent to the user - it is implemented in the runtime with OpenMP and by using multi-threaded libraries when available. We evaluate the implementation of the combined programming model with several scientific computing benchmarks using two representative multi-core distributed memory systems - an Intel Nehalem cluster with Infiniband interconnects and a Cray XE-6 supercomputer - up to 1536 cores. The benchmarking results demonstrate scalable good performance. C1 [Kristensen, Mads Ruben Burgdorff; Vinter, Brian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Zheng, Yili] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kristensen, MRB (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM madsbk@nbi.dk; yzheng@lbl.gov; vinter@nbi.dk RI Kristensen, Mads/M-4506-2014 OI Kristensen, Mads/0000-0001-6079-7742 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02- 05CH11231). This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 680 EP 690 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.67 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900060 ER PT S AU Van Essen, B Pearce, R Ames, S Gokhale, M AF Van Essen, Brian Pearce, Roger Ames, Sasha Gokhale, Maya GP IEEE TI On the role of NVRAM in data-intensive architectures: an evaluation SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE data-intensive; memory architecture; NVRAM ID MEMORY AB Data-intensive applications are best suited to high-performance computing architectures that contain large quantities of main memory. Creating these systems with DRAM-based main memory remains costly and power-intensive. Due to improvements in density and cost, non-volatile random access memories (NVRAM) have emerged as compelling storage technologies to augment traditional DRAM. This work explores the potential of future NVRAM technologies to store program state at performance comparable to DRAM. We have developed the PerMA NVRAM simulator that allows us to explore applications with working sets ranging up to hundreds of gigabytes per node. The simulator is implemented as a Linux device driver that allows application execution at native speeds. Using the simulator we show the impact of future technology generations of I/O-bus-attached NVRAM on an unstructured-access, level-asynchronous, Breadth-First Search (BFS) graph traversal algorithm. Our simulations show that within a couple of technology generations, a system architecture with local high performance NVRAM will be able to effectively augment DRAM to support highly concurrent data-intensive applications with large memory footprints. However, improvements will be needed in the I/O stack to deliver this performance to applications. The simulator shows that future technology generations of NVRAM in conjunction with an improved I/O runtime will enable parallel data-intensive applications to offload in-memory data structures to NVRAM with minimal performance loss. C1 [Van Essen, Brian; Pearce, Roger; Ames, Sasha; Gokhale, Maya] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Essen, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vanessen1@llnl.gov; pearce7@llnl.gov; ames4@llnl.gov; gokhale2@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.69 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900062 ER PT S AU Zhang, XC Davis, K Jiang, S AF Zhang, Xuechen Davis, Kei Jiang, Song GP IEEE TI iTransformer: Using SSD to Improve Disk Scheduling for High-performance I/O SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Disk Scheduler; Solid State Drive; Shared Storage Systems AB The parallel data accesses inherent to large-scale data-intensive scientific computing require that data servers handle very high I/O concurrency. Concurrent requests from different processes or programs to hard disk can cause disk head thrashing between different disk regions, resulting in unacceptably low I/O performance. Current storage systems either rely on the disk scheduler at each data server, or use SSD as storage, to minimize this negative performance effect. However, the ability of the scheduler to alleviate this problem by scheduling requests in memory is limited by concerns such as long disk access times, and potential loss of dirty data with system failure. Meanwhile, SSD is too expensive to be widely used as the major storage device in the HPC environment. We propose iTransformer, a scheme that employs a small SSD to schedule requests for the data on disk. Being less space-constrained than with more expensive DRAM, iTransformer can buffer larger amounts of dirty data before writing it back to the disk, or prefetch a larger volume of data in a batch into the SSD. In both cases high disk efficiency can be maintained even for concurrent requests. Furthermore, the scheme allows the scheduling of requests in the background to hide the cost of random disk access behind serving process requests. Finally, as a non-volatile memory, concerns about the quantity of dirty data are obviated. We have implemented iTransformer in the Linux kernel and tested it on a large cluster running PVFS2. Our experiments show that iTransformer can improve the I/O throughput of the cluster by 35% on average for MPI/IO benchmarks of various data access patterns. C1 [Zhang, Xuechen; Jiang, Song] Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Davis, Kei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM xczhang@wayne.edu; kei.davis@lanl.gov; sjiang@eng.wayne.edu FU US National Science Foundation under CAREER CCF [0845711]; CNS [1117772]; Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors thank Marcus Daniels and Daniel Mahoney (LANL) for their technical assistance with the Darwin cluster. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by US National Science Foundation under CAREER CCF 0845711 and CNS 1117772. This work was also funded in part by the Accelerated Strategic Computing program of the Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 715 EP 726 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.70 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900063 ER PT S AU Dinan, J Balaji, P Hammond, JR Krishnamoorthy, S Tipparaju, V AF Dinan, James Balaji, Pavan Hammond, Jeff R. Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Tipparaju, Vinod GP IEEE TI Supporting the Global Arrays PGAS Model Using MPI One-Sided Communication SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE One-sided communication; Global address space; MPI; Global Arrays; ARMCI; NWChem AB The industry-standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) provides one-sided communication functionality and is available on virtually every parallel computing system. However, it is believed that MPI's one-sided model is not rich enough to support higher-level global address space parallel programming models. We present the first successful application of MPI one-sided communication as a runtime system for a PGAS model, Global Arrays (GA). This work has an immediate impact on users of GA applications, such as NWChem, who often must wait several months to a year or more before GA becomes available on a new architecture. We explore challenges present in the application of MPI-2 to PGAS models and motivate new features in the upcoming MPI-3 standard. The performance of our system is evaluated on several popular high-performance computing architectures through communication benchmarking and application benchmarking using the NWChem computational chemistry suite. C1 [Dinan, James; Balaji, Pavan; Hammond, Jeff R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Krishnamoorthy, Sriram] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Dinan, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dinan@anl.gov; balaji@anl.gov; jhammond@anl.gov; sriram@pnnl.gov; tipparajuv@ieee.org RI Hammond, Jeff/G-8607-2013 OI Hammond, Jeff/0000-0003-3181-8190 FU ALCF; Argonne LCRC; NCCS; NERSC; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-ACO6-76RL01830] FX This work was supported through resource grants from ALCF, Argonne LCRC, NCCS, and NERSC and by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts DEAC02-06CH11357,DE-AC05-00OR22725, and DE-ACO6- 76RL01830. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 739 EP 750 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.72 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900065 ER PT S AU Sun, YH Zheng, GB Kale, LV Jones, TR Olson, R AF Sun, Yanhua Zheng, Gengbin Kale, Laximant V. Jones, Terry R. Olson, Ryan GP IEEE TI A uGNI-based Asynchronous Message-driven Runtime System for Cray Supercomputers with Gemini Interconnect SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Cray XE/XT; Gemini Interconnect; Asynchronous message-driven; Low Level Runtime System AB Gemini, the network for the new Cray XE/XK systems, features low latency, high bandwidth and strong scalability. Its hardware support for remote direct memory access enables efficient implementation of the global address space programming languages. Although the user Generic Network Interface (uGNI) provides a low-level interface for Gemini with support to the message-passing programming model (MPI), it remains challenging to port alternative programming models with scalable performance. CHARM++ is an object-oriented message-driven programming model. Its applications have been shown to scale up to the full Jaguar Cray XT machine. In this paper, we present an implementation of this programming model on uGNI for the Cray XE/XK systems. Several techniques are presented to exploit the uGNI capabilites by reducing memory copy and registration overhead, taking advantage of the persistent communication, and improving intra-node communication. Our micro-benchmark results demonstrate that the uGNI-based runtime system outperforms the MPI-based implementation by up to 50% in terms of message latency. For communication intensive applications such as N-Queens, this implementation scales up to 15, 360 cores of a Cray XE6 machine and is 70% faster than the MPI-based implementation. In molecular dynamics application NAMD, the performance is also considerably improved by as much as 18%. C1 [Sun, Yanhua; Zheng, Gengbin; Kale, Laximant V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jones, Terry R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Olson, Ryan] Cary Inc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sun, YH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sun51@illinois.edu; gzheng@illinois.edu; kale@illinois.edu; trjones@ornl.gov; ryan@cray.com FU NIH [PHS 5 P41 RR05969-04]; NSF [OCI-0725070]; Institute for Advanced Computing Applications and Technologies (IACAT) at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; HPC Colony Project; DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research FX This work was supported in part by a NIH Grant PHS 5 P41 RR05969-04, by NSF grant OCI-0725070 for Blue Waters, and by the Institute for Advanced Computing Applications and Technologies (IACAT) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Major funding was provided by the HPC Colony Project, an effort supported by the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. This work used machine resources from NERSC (Hopper) through an ERCAP award to the HPC Colony Project. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.127 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900066 ER PT S AU Azad, A Halappanavar, M Rajamanickam, S Boman, EG Khan, A Pothen, A AF Azad, Ariful Halappanavar, Mahantesh Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran Boman, Erik G. Khan, Arif Pothen, Alex GP IEEE TI Multithreaded Algorithms for Maximum Matching in Bipartite Graphs SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB We design, implement, and evaluate algorithms for computing a matching of maximum cardinality in a bipartite graph on multicore and massively multithreaded computers. As computers with larger numbers of slower cores dominate the commodity processor market, the design of multithreaded algorithms to solve large matching problems becomes a necessity. Recent work on serial algorithms for the matching problem has shown that their performance is sensitive to the order in which the vertices are processed for matching. In a multithreaded environment, imposing a serial order in which vertices are considered for matching would lead to loss of concurrency and performance. But this raises the question: Would parallel matching algorithms on multithreaded machines improve performance over a serial algorithm? We answer this question in the affirmative. We report efficient multithreaded implementations of three classes of algorithms based on their manner of searching for augmenting paths: breadth-first-search, depth-first-search, and a combination of both. The Karp-Sipser initialization algorithm is used to make the parallel algorithms practical. We report extensive results and insights using three shared-memory platforms (a 48-core AMD Opteron, a 32-core Intel Nehalem, and a 128-processor Cray XMT) on a representative set of real-world and synthetic graphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of augmentation-based parallel algorithms for bipartite cardinality matching that demonstrates good speedups on multithreaded shared memory multiprocessors. C1 [Azad, Ariful; Khan, Arif; Pothen, Alex] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Halappanavar, Mahantesh] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran; Boman, Erik G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Azad, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM aazad@purdue.edu; mahantesh.halappanavar@pnnl.gov; srajama@sandia.gov; egboman@sandia.gov; khan58@purdue.edu; apothen@purdue.edu FU Center for Adaptive Super Computing Software - MultiThreaded Architectures (CASS-MT); U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-ACO6-76RL01830]; DOE through the CSCAPES Institute [DE-FC02-08ER25864, DEFC02-06ER2775]; NSF [CCF-0830645]; DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded by the Center for Adaptive Super Computing Software - MultiThreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-ACO6-76RL01830. Funding was also provided by the DOE through the CSCAPES Institute (grants DE-FC02-08ER25864 and DEFC02- 06ER2775), and NSF grant CCF-0830645. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the DOEs National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 860 EP 872 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.82 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900076 ER PT S AU Gong, ZH Lakshminarasimhan, S Jenkins, J Kolla, H Ethier, S Chen, J Ross, R Klasky, S Samatova, NF AF Gong, Zhenhuan Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram Jenkins, John Kolla, Hemanth Ethier, Stephane Chen, Jackie Ross, Robert Klasky, Scott Samatova, Nagiza F. GP IEEE TI Multi-level Layout Optimization for Efficient Spatio-temporal Queries on ISABELA-compressed Data SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID SPACE-FILLING CURVE AB The size and scope of cutting-edge scientific simulations are growing much faster than the I/O subsystems of their runtime environments, not only making I/O the primary bottleneck, but also consuming space that pushes the storage capacities of many computing facilities. These problems are exacerbated by the need to perform data-intensive analytics applications, such as querying the dataset by variable and spatio-temporal constraints, for what current database technologies commonly build query indices of size greater than that of the raw data. To help solve these problems, we present a parallel query-processing engine that can handle both range queries and queries with spatio-temporal constraints, on B-spline compressed data with user-controlled accuracy. Our method adapts to widening gaps between computation and I/O performance by querying on compressed metadata separated into bins by variable values, utilizing Hilbert space-filling curves to optimize for spatial constraints and aggregating data access to improve locality of per-bin stored data, reducing the false positive rate and latency-bound I/O operations (such as seek) substantially. We show our method to be efficient with respect to storage, computation, and I/O compared to existing database technologies optimized for query processing on scientific data. C1 [Gong, Zhenhuan; Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Jenkins, John; Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gong, Zhenhuan; Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Jenkins, John; Klasky, Scott; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kolla, Hemanth; Chen, Jackie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ethier, Stephane] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu RI Kolla, Hemanth/L-2142-2013 OI Kolla, Hemanth/0000-0003-4969-5870 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center) [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256, DE-FOA-0000257]; U.S. National Science Foundation; LLC U.S. D.O.E [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX We would like to acknowledge the use of resources at ORNLs and ANLs leadership class computing facilities, OLCF and ALCF, respectively. Also, we appreciate the use of the datasets available from the Flash Center for Computational Science. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256, DE-FOA-0000257) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Expeditions in Computing). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UTBattelle for the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 873 EP 884 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.83 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900077 ER PT S AU Yu, YE Rudd, DH Lan, ZL Gnedin, NY Kravtsov, A Wu, JJ AF Yu, Yongen Rudd, Douglas H. Lan, Zhiling Gnedin, Nickolay Y. Kravtsov, Andrey Wu, Jingjin GP IEEE TI Improving Parallel IO Performance of Cell-based AMR Cosmology Applications SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE parallel I/O; adaptive mesh refinement; data layout; high performance computing; cosmology simulations ID REFINEMENT; CODE AB To effectively model various regions with different resolutions, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is commonly used in cosmology simulations. There are two well-known numerical approaches towards the implementation of AMR-based cosmology simulations: block-based AMR and cell-based AMR. While many studies have been conducted to improve performance and scalability of block-structured AMR applications, little work has been done for cell-based simulations. In this study, we present a parallel IO design for cell-based AMR cosmology applications, in particular, the ART(Adaptive Refinement Tree) code. First, we design a new data format that incorporates a space filling curve to map between spatial and on-disk locations. This indexing not only enables concurrent IO accesses from multiple application processes, but also allows users to extract local regions without significant additional memory, CPU or disk space overheads. Second, we develop a flexible N-M mapping mechanism to harvest the benefits of N-N and N-1 mappings where N is number of application processes and M is a user-tunable parameter for number of files. It not only overcomes the limited bandwidth issue of an N-1 mapping by allowing the creation of multiple files, but also enables users to efficiently restart the application at a variety of computing scales. Third, we develop a user-level library to transparently and automatically aggregate small IO accesses per process to accelerate IO performance. We evaluate this new parallel IO design by means of real cosmology simulations on production HPC system at TACC. Our preliminary results indicate that it can not only provide the functionality required by scientists (e.g., effective extraction of local regions and flexible process-tofile mapping), but also significantly improve IO performance. C1 [Yu, Yongen; Lan, Zhiling; Wu, Jingjin] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Rudd, Douglas H.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kravtsov, Andrey] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theor Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL USA. RP Yu, YE (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM yyu22@iit.edu; douglas.rudd@yale.edu; lan@iit.edu; gnedin@fnal.gov; andrey@oddjob.uchicago.edu; jwu45@iit.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0904670] FX This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation grants OCI-0904670. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 933 EP 944 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.88 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900082 ER PT S AU Li, D Vetter, JS Marin, G McCurdy, C Cira, C Liu, Z Yu, WK AF Li, Dong Vetter, Jeffrey S. Marin, Gabriel McCurdy, Collin Cira, Cristian Liu, Zhuo Yu, Weikuan GP IEEE TI Identifying Opportunities for Byte-Addressable Non-Volatile Memory in Extreme-Scale Scientific Applications SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB Future exascale systems face extreme power challenges. To improve power efficiency of future HPC systems, non-volatile memory (NVRAM) technologies are being investigated as potential alternatives to existing memories technologies. NVRAMs use extremely low power when in standby mode, and have other performance and scaling benefits. Although previous work has explored the integration of NVRAM into various architecture and system levels, an open question remains: do specific memory workload characteristics of scientific applications map well onto NVRAMs' features when used in a hybrid NVRAM-DRAM memory system? Furthermore, are there common classes of data structures used by scientific applications that should be frequently placed into NVRAM? In this paper, we analyze several mission-critical scientific applications in order to answer these questions. Specifically, we develop a binary instrumentation tool to statistically report memory access patterns in stack, heap, and global data. We carry out hardware simulation to study the impact of NVRAM for both memory power and system performance. Our study identifies many opportunities for using NVRAM for scientific applications. In two of our applications, 31% and 27% of the memory working sets are suitable for NVRAM. Our simulations suggest at least 27% possible power savings and reveal that the performance of some applications is insensitive to relatively long NVRAM write-access latencies. C1 [Li, Dong; Vetter, Jeffrey S.; Marin, Gabriel; McCurdy, Collin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lid1@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; maring@ornl.gov; cmcurdy@ornl.gov; cmc0031@auburn.edu; zhuoliu@auburn.edu; wkyu@auburn.edu NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 945 EP 956 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.89 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900083 ER PT S AU Wang, C Vazhkudai, SS Ma, XS Meng, F Kim, Y Engelmann, C AF Wang, Chao Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S. Ma, Xiaosong Meng, Fei Kim, Youngjae Engelmann, Christian GP IEEE TI NVMalloc: Exposing an Aggregate SSD Store as a Memory Partition in Extreme-Scale Machines SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB DRAM is a precious resource in extreme-scale machines and is increasingly becoming scarce, mainly due to the growing number of cores per node. On future multi-petaflop and exaflop machines, the memory pressure is likely to be so severe that we need to rethink our memory usage models. Fortunately, the advent of non-volatile memory (NVM) offers a unique opportunity in this space. Current NVM offerings possess several desirable properties, such as low cost and power efficiency, but suffer from high latency and lifetime issues. We need rich techniques to be able to use them alongside DRAM. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for exploiting NVM as a secondary memory partition so that applications can explicitly allocate and manipulate memory regions therein. More specifically, we propose an NVMalloc library with a suite of services that enables applications to access a distributed NVM storage system. We have devised ways within NVMalloc so that the storage system, built from compute node-local NVM devices, can be accessed in a byte-addressable fashion using the memory mapped I/O interface. Our approach has the potential to re-energize out-of-core computations on large-scale machines by having applications allocate certain variables through NVMalloc, thereby increasing the overall memory capacity available. Our evaluation on a 128-core cluster shows that NVMalloc enables applications to compute problem sizes larger than the physical memory in a cost-effective manner. It can bring more performance/efficiency gain with increased computation time between NVM memory accesses or increased data access locality. In addition, our results suggest that while NVMalloc enables transparent access to NVM-resident variables, the explicit control it provides is crucial to optimize application performance. C1 [Wang, Chao; Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.; Ma, Xiaosong; Kim, Youngjae; Engelmann, Christian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ma, Xiaosong; Meng, Fei] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangcn@ornl.gov; vaihkudaiss@ornl.gov; ma@cs.ncsu.edu; fmeng@ncsu.edu; kimvi@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov FU ORNL; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. NSF Awards [CF-0937827, CCF-0937690, CCF-0937908, CNS-0958311]; ORNL/UT; ORNL/NCSU FX We would like to thank the reviewers for their feedback. This work was sponsored in part by ORNL, managed by UT- Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DOE (Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725), by the U.S. NSF Awards CF-0937827, CCF-0937690, CCF-0937908, and CNS-0958311, and by the joint appointments of Sudharshan Vazhkudai and Xiaosong Ma between ORNL/UT and ORNL/NCSU, respectively. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 957 EP 968 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.90 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900084 ER PT S AU Ma, T Bosilca, G Bouteiller, A Dongarra, JJ AF Ma, Teng Bosilca, George Bouteiller, Aurelien Dongarra, Jack J. GP IEEE TI HierKNEM: An Adaptive Framework for Kernel-Assisted and Topology-Aware Collective Communications on Many-core Clusters SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE MPI; multicore; cluster; HPC; collective communication; hierarchical ID SHARED-MEMORY; MPI; PERFORMANCE AB Multicore Clusters, which have become the most prominent form of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, challenge the performance of MPI applications with non uniform memory accesses and shared cache hierarchies. Recent advances in MPI collective communications have alleviated the performance issue exposed by deep memory hierarchies by carefully considering the mapping between the collective topology and the core distance, as well as the use of single-copy kernel assisted mechanisms. However, on distributed environments, a single level approach cannot encompass the extreme variations not only in bandwidth and latency capabilities, but also in the aptitude to support duplex communications or operate multiple concurrent copies simultaneously. This calls for a collaborative approach between multiple layers of collective algorithms, dedicating to extracting the maximum degree of parallelism from the collective algorithm by consolidating the intra-and inter-node communications. In this work, we present HierKNEM a kernel-assisted topology-aware collective framework, and how this framework orchestrates the collaboration between multiple layers of collective algorithms. The resulting scheme enables perfect overlap of intra-and inter-node communications. We demonstrated experimentally, by considering three of the most used collective operations (Broadcast, Allgather and Reduction), that 1) this approach is immune to modifications of the underlying process-core binding; 2) it outperforms state-of-art MPI libraries (Open MPI, MPICH2 and MVAPICH2) demonstrating up to a 30x speedup for synthetic benchmarks, and up to a 3x acceleration for a parallel graph application (ASP); 3) it furthermore demonstrates a linear speedup with the increase of the number of cores per node, a paramount requirement for scalability on future many-core hardware. C1 [Ma, Teng; Bosilca, George; Bouteiller, Aurelien] Univ Tennessee, EECS, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Dongarra, Jack J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ma, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, EECS, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tma@eecs.utk.edu; bosilca@eecs.utk.edu; bouteill@eecs.utk.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 FU CNRS; RENATER; several Universities as well as other funding bodies FX Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid5000 experimental testbed, being developed under the INRIA ALADDIN development action with support from CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other funding bodies (see https://www.grid5000.fr) NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 970 EP 982 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.91 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900086 ER PT S AU Danalis, A McCurdy, C Vetter, JS AF Danalis, Anthony McCurdy, Collin Vetter, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Efficient Quality Threshold Clustering for Parallel Architectures SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE QT-clustering; complexity; GPU; multi-core; distributed ID K-MEANS METHOD AB Quality Threshold Clustering (QTC) is an algorithm for partitioning data, in fields such as biology, where clustering of large data-sets can aid scientific discovery. Unlike other clustering algorithms, QTC does not require knowing the number of clusters a priori, however, its perceived need for high computing power often makes it an unattractive choice. This paper presents a thorough study of QTC. We analyze the worst case complexity of the algorithm and discuss methods to reduce it by trading memory for computation. We also demonstrate how the expected running time of QTC is affected by the structure of the input data. We describe how QTC can be parallelized, and discuss implementation details of our thread-parallel, GPU, and distributed memory implementations of the algorithm. We demonstrate the efficiency of our implementations through experimental data. We show how data sets with tens of thousands of elements can be clustered in a matter of minutes in a modern GPU, and seconds in a small scale cluster of multi-core CPUs, or multiple GPUs. Finally, we discuss how user selected parameters, as well as algorithmic and implementation choices, affect performance. C1 [Danalis, Anthony] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [McCurdy, Collin; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Danalis, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM adanalis@eecs.utk.edu; cmccurdy@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research is sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research in the U.S. Department of Energy NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 1068 EP 1079 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.99 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900094 ER PT S AU Kandalla, K Yang, U Keasler, J Kolev, T Moody, A Subramoni, H Tomko, K Vienne, J de Supinski, BR Panda, DK AF Kandalla, K. Yang, U. Keasler, J. Kolev, T. Moody, A. Subramoni, H. Tomko, K. Vienne, J. de Supinski, B. R. Panda, D. K. GP IEEE TI Designing Non-blocking Allreduce with Collective Offload on InfiniBand Clusters: A Case Study with Conjugate Gradient Solvers SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID OPERATIONS AB Scientists across a wide range of domains increasingly rely on computer simulation for their investigations. Such simulations often spend a majority of their run-times solving large systems of linear equations that require vast amounts of computational power and memory. It is hence critical to design solvers in a highly efficient and scalable manner. Hypre is a high performance, scalable software library that offers several optimized linear solver routines and pre-conditioners. In this paper, we study the characteristics of Hypre's Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) solver algorithm. The PCG routine is known to spend a majority of its communication time in the MPI_Allreduce operation to compute a global summation during the inner product operation. The MPI_Allreduce is a blocking operation, whose latency is often a limiting factor to the overall efficiency of the PCG solver routine, and correspondingly the performance of simulations that rely on this solver. Hence, hiding the latency of the MPI_Allreduce operation is critical towards scaling the PCG solver routine and improving the performance of many simulations. The upcoming revision of MPI, MPI-3, will provide support for non-blocking collective communication to enable latency-hiding. The latest InfiniBand adapter from Mellanox, ConnectX-2, enables offloading of generalized lists of communication operations to the network interface. Such an interface can be leveraged to design non-blocking collective operations. In this paper, we design fully functional, scalable algorithms for the MPI_Iallreduce operation, based on the network offload technology. To the best of our knowledge, these network-offload-based algorithms are the first to be presented for the MPI_Iallreduce operation. Our designs scale beyond 512 processes and we achieve near perfect communication/computation overlap. We also re-design the PCG solver routine to leverage our proposed MPI_Iallreduce operation to hide the latency of the global reduction operations. We observe up to 21% improvements in the run-times of the PCG routine, when compared to the default PCG implementation in Hypre. We also note that about 16% of the overall benefits are due to overlapping the Allreduce operations. C1 [Kandalla, K.; Subramoni, H.; Vienne, J.; Panda, D. K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yang, U.; Keasler, J.; Kolev, T.; Moody, A.; de Supinski, B. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Tomko, K.] Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. RP Kandalla, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kandalla@cse.ohio-state.edu; yang11@llnl.gov; keasler1@llnl.gov; kolev1@llnl.gov; moody20@llnl.gov; subramon@cse.ohio-state.edu; ktomko@osc.edu; viennej@cse.ohio-state.edu; bronis@llnl.gov; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER25749, DE-FC02-06ER25755, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0702675, CCF-0833169, CCF-0916302, OCI-0926691]; Wright Center for Innovation [WCI04-010-OSU-0]; Intel; Mellanox; Cisco; QLogic; NVIDIA; Sun Microsystems; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This research is supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grants #DE-FC02-06ER25749, #DE-FC02-06ER25755 and contract #DE- AC02-06CH11357; National Science Foundation grants #CCF-0702675, #CCF-0833169, #CCF-0916302 and #OCI-0926691; grant from Wright Center for Innovation #WCI04-010-OSU-0; grants from Intel, Mellanox, Cisco, QLogic, NVIDIA and Sun Microsystems; Equipment donations from Intel, Mellanox, AMD, Obsidian, Advanced Clustering, Appro, QLogic, NVIDIA, and Sun Microsystems.This work was also performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 1156 EP 1167 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.106 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900101 ER PT S AU Buntinas, D AF Buntinas, Darius GP IEEE TI Scalable Distributed Consensus to Support MPI Fault Tolerance SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AB As system sizes increase, the amount of time in which an application can run without experiencing a failure decreases. Exascale applications will need to address fault tolerance. In order to support algorithm-based fault tolerance, communication libraries will need to provide fault-tolerance features to the application. One important fault-tolerance operation is distributed consensus. This is used, for example, to collectively decide on a set of failed processes. This paper describes a scalable, distributed consensus algorithm that is used to support new MPI fault-tolerance features proposed by the MPI 3 Forum's fault-tolerance working group. The algorithm was implemented and evaluated on a 4,096-core Blue Gene/P. The implementation was able to perform a full-scale distributed consensus in 222 mu s and scaled logarithmically. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buntinas, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM buntinas@mcs.anl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 1240 EP 1249 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.113 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900108 ER PT S AU Niu, QP Dinan, J Lu, QD Sadayappan, P AF Niu, Qingpeng Dinan, James Lu, Qingda Sadayappan, P. GP IEEE TI PARDA: A Fast Parallel Reuse Distance Analysis Algorithm SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Data Locality; Reuse Distance; LRU Stack Distance; Caching; Performance Analysis ID CACHE PERFORMANCE; LOCALITY AB Reuse distance is a well established approach to characterizing data cache locality based on the stack histogram model. This analysis so far has been restricted to offline use due to the high cost, often several orders of magnitude larger than the execution time of the analyzed code. This paper presents the first parallel algorithm to compute accurate reuse distances by analysis of memory address traces. The algorithm uses a tunable parameter that enables faster analysis when the maximum needed reuse distance is limited by a cache size upper bound. Experimental evaluation using the SPEC CPU 2006 benchmark suite shows that, using 64 processors and a cache bound of 8 MB, it is possible to perform reuse distance analysis with full accuracy within a factor of 13 to 50 times the original execution times of the benchmarks. C1 [Niu, Qingpeng; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dinan, James] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lu, Qingda] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. RP Niu, QP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM niuq@cse.ohio-state.edu; dinan@anl.gov; qingda.lu@intel.com; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu FU National Science Foundation [0904549]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation award 0904549 and the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 1284 EP 1294 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.117 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900112 ER PT S AU Bohme, D Wolf, F de Supinski, BR Schulz, M Geimer, M AF Boehme, David Wolf, Felix de Supinski, Bronis R. Schulz, Martin Geimer, Markus GP IEEE TI Scalable Critical-Path Based Performance Analysis SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ ID PARALLEL; TOOL AB The critical path, which describes the longest execution sequence without wait states in a parallel program, identifies the activities that determine the overall program runtime. Combining knowledge of the critical path with traditional parallel profiles, we have defined a set of compact performance indicators that help answer a variety of important performance-analysis questions, such as identifying load imbalance, quantifying the impact of imbalance on runtime, and characterizing resource consumption. By replaying event traces in parallel, we can calculate these performance indicators in a highly scalable way, making them a suitable analysis instrument for massively parallel programs with thousands of processes. Case studies with real-world parallel applications confirm that-in comparison to traditional profiles-our indicators provide enhanced insight into program behavior, especially when evaluating partitioning schemes of MPMD programs. C1 [Boehme, David; Wolf, Felix] German Res Sch Simulat Sci, D-52062 Aachen, Germany. [de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Geimer, Markus] Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Bohme, D (reprint author), German Res Sch Simulat Sci, D-52062 Aachen, Germany. EM d.boehme@grs-sim.de; f.wolf@grs-sim.de; bronis@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; m.geimer@fz-juelich.de FU German Research Foundation [GSC 111]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01-IH-11006]; Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers [VH-NG-118]; U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-522431)] FX Financial support from the German Research Foundation through Grant GSC 111, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research through Grant 01-IH-11006, and from the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers through Grant VH-NG-118 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was partially performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-522431). The authors also would like to thank Dave Richards from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for his invaluable help in setting up the ddcMD code. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 1330 EP 1340 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.120 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900116 ER PT S AU Zhang, F Docan, C Parashar, M Klasky, S Podhorszki, N Abbasi, H AF Zhang, Fan Docan, Ciprian Parashar, Manish Klasky, Scott Podhorszki, Norbert Abbasi, Hasan GP IEEE TI Enabling In-situ Execution of Coupled Scientific Workflow on Multi-core Platform SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE coupled simulations; data-intensive application workflows; data-centric task mapping; in-situ application execution ID VISUALIZATION; SYSTEM AB Emerging scientific application workflows are composed of heterogeneous coupled component applications that simulate different aspects of the physical phenomena being modeled, and that interact and exchange significant volumes of data at runtime. With the increasing performance gap between on-chip data sharing and off-chip data transfers in current systems based on multicore processors, moving large volumes of data using communication network fabric can significantly impact performance. As a result, minimizing the amount of inter-application data exchanges that are across compute nodes and use the network is critical to achieving overall application performance and system efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the in-situ execution of the coupled components of a scientific application workflow so as to maximize on-chip exchange of data. Specifically, we present a distributed data sharing and task execution framework that (1) employs data-centric task placement to map computations from the coupled applications onto processor cores so that a large portion of the data exchanges can be performed using the intra-node shared memory, (2) provides a shared space programming abstraction that supplements existing parallel programming models (e. g., message passing) with specialized one-sided asynchronous data access operators and can be used to express coordination and data exchanges between the coupled components. We also present the implementation of the framework and its experimental evaluation on the Jaguar Cray XT5 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Docan, Ciprian; Parashar, Manish] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Auton Comp, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Klasky, Scott; Podhorszki, Norbert; Abbasi, Hasan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Auton Comp, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM zhangfan@cac.rutgers.edu; docan@cac.rutgers.edu; parashar@cac.rutgers.edu; klasky@ornl.gov; pnorbert@ornl.gov; habbasi@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [IIP 0758566, DMS-0835436]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER54857]; IBM Faculty Award FX The research presented in this paper is supported in part by National Science Foundation via grant numbers IIP 0758566 and DMS-0835436, by Department of Energy via the grant number DE-FG02-06ER54857, and by an IBM Faculty Award, and was conducted as part of the Center for Autonomic Computing at Rutgers University NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 1352 EP 1363 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.122 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900118 ER PT S AU Hilbrich, T Muller, MS de Supinski, BR Schulz, M Nagel, WE AF Hilbrich, Tobias Mueller, Matthias S. de Supinski, Bronis R. Schulz, Martin Nagel, Wolfgang E. GP IEEE TI GTI: A Generic Tools Infrastructure for Event-Based Tools in Parallel Systems SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS) SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE Tools; Tool infrastructure; Message Passing Interface; Scalability; Runtime error detection AB Runtime detection of semantic errors in MPI applications supports efficient and correct large-scale application development. However, current approaches scale to at most one thousand processes and design limitations prevent increased scalability. The need for global knowledge for analyses such as type matching, and deadlock detection presents a major challenge. We present a scalable tool infrastructure - the Generic Tool Infrastructure (GTI) - that we will use to implement MPI runtime error detection tools and that applies to other use cases. GTI supports simple offloading of tool processing onto extra processes or threads and provides a tree based overlay network (TBON) for creating scalable tools that analyze global knowledge. We present its abstractions and code generation facilities that ease many hurdles in tool development, including wrapper generation, tool communication, trace reductions, and filters. GTI ultimately allows tool developers to focus on implementing tool functionality instead of the surrounding infrastructure. Further, we demonstrate that GTI supports scalable tool development through a lost message detector and a phase profiler. The former provides a more scalable implementation of important base functionality for MPI correctness checking, while the latter tool demonstrates that GTI can serve as the basis of further types of tools. Experiments with up to 2048 cores show that GTI's scalability features apply to both tools. C1 [Hilbrich, Tobias; Mueller, Matthias S.; Nagel, Wolfgang E.] Tech Univ Dresden, ZIH, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hilbrich, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, ZIH, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM tobias.hilbrich@tu-dresden.de; matthias.mueller@tu-dresden.de; bronis@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; wolfgang.nagel@tu-dresden.de FU U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, (LLNL-CONF-522031)] FX We thank the ASC Tri-Labs and the Los Alamos National Laboratory for their friendly support. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. (LLNL-CONF-522031). NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-4675-9 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2012 BP 1364 EP 1375 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.123 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ17 UT WOS:000309131900119 ER PT J AU DasGupta, S Kaplar, RJ Marinella, MJ Smith, MA Atcitty, S AF DasGupta, S. Kaplar, R. J. Marinella, M. J. Smith, M. A. Atcitty, S. GP IEEE TI Analysis and Prediction of Stability in Commercial, 1200 V, 33A, 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 15-19, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Silicon Carbide; Power MOSFET; Free-Wheeling Diode; Hole Trapping ID INTERFACES; MOBILITY AB State-of-the-art, commercially available, 4H-SiC MOSFETs are evaluated for stability under high-temperature over-voltage and pulsed over-current conditions. The devices show maximum vulnerability under high-temperature accumulation stress, demonstrating that the gate oxide is more prone to hole trapping than to electron trapping. The power MOSFET architecture coupled with a high interface trap density enables us to predict the stability of the device through a simple evaluation of the free-wheeling diode ideality factor (eta) of the unstressed device. The pulsed over-current operation results in degradation similar to electron trapping at high temperature, presumably due to overheating of the device beyond its specified junction temperature. Over-current degradation is more severe at high switching frequency. C1 [DasGupta, S.; Kaplar, R. J.; Marinella, M. J.; Smith, M. A.; Atcitty, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP DasGupta, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM sdasgup@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1679-9 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBZ44 UT WOS:000309183100047 ER PT J AU Morusupalli, R Rao, R Lee, TK Shen, YL Kunz, M Tamura, N Budiman, AS AF Morusupalli, Rao Rao, Richard Lee, Tae-Kyu Shen, Yu-Lin Kunz, M. Tamura, N. Budiman, A. S. GP IEEE TI Critical temperature shift for Stress Induced Voiding in Advanced Cu Interconnects for 32 nm and beyond. SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 15-19, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE DE Copper; Interconnects; Stress Induced Voiding; Stress Migration; Reliability; Plastic Deformation; Modeling; FEM ID COPPER LINES AB In this paper we present work showing evidence of a shift in the Stress Migration (SM) peak profile temperature for smaller interconnect linewidths typically associated with the 32 nm technology node and beyond. With other parameters (fabrication, materials, line thickness and via diameter being kept nominal among these samples), this clear shift towards the lower temperatures for smaller linewidths appear to indicate a size effect in the Stress Migration in advanced Cu interconnect scheme. Through the synchrotron x-ray micro-diffraction experiment, we show that plasticity is involved in the stress relaxation process at about 200 C, but not at higher temperature nor at room temperature. Such plasticity-assisted strain relaxation in interconnects especially at lower temperature range could explain the critical temperature shift observed in the present study, in addition to the typical diffusion-assisted mechanism. In conjunction with the experimental study, numerical finite element analyses were also conducted to provide greater insight. The modeling result demonstrates the importance of creep plasticity in causing thermal stress relaxation in Cu interconnects. C1 [Morusupalli, Rao; Lee, Tae-Kyu] CISCO Syst, CQT, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Rao, Richard] Vitesse Semicond Corp, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Shen, Yu-Lin] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kunz, M.; Tamura, N.] Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Budiman, A. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integraded Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morusupalli, R (reprint author), CISCO Syst, CQT, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1679-9 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBZ44 UT WOS:000309183100131 ER PT J AU Silverman, TJ Bosco, N Kurtz, S AF Silverman, Timothy J. Bosco, Nick Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Relative lifetime prediction for CPV die-attach layers SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 15-19, 2012 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB In concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) cell assemblies, a large-area die-attach layer is subjected to thermal cycles, leading to thermomechanical fatigue. This causes cracking and the eventual failure of the CPV cell by thermal runaway. We define a damage metric representing lumped progress toward failure and present a numerical model for computing the accumulation of damage for arbitrary transient temperature conditions. The model is applied to a particular design with a solder die-attach layer. We show that accelerated-test thermal cycles with higher ramp rates cause more damage, both per cycle and per unit time. Outdoor exposure to one entire year in two geographic locations is also simulated, revealing that a year of exposure in Golden, Colorado is equivalent to 1.4 years of exposure in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. C1 [Silverman, Timothy J.; Bosco, Nick; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Silverman, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1679-9 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBZ44 UT WOS:000309183100056 ER PT J AU Luscher, DJ McDowell, DL Bronkhorst, CA AF Luscher, D. J. McDowell, D. L. Bronkhorst, C. A. TI ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF FINE SCALE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR SECOND GRADIENT MULTISCALE HOMOGENIZATION OF STATISTICAL VOLUME ELEMENTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE generalized continua; multiscale; homogenization; boundary conditions; second gradient ID 2ND-ORDER COMPUTATIONAL HOMOGENIZATION; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; MODEL; COMPOSITES; STRAIN AB A second gradient continuum description developed, for example, by Germain, Toupin and Mindlin, and Eringen, gives rise to strain gradient plasticity, and is becoming a common coarse scale basis for multiscale homogenization of material response that respects the non-local nature of heterogeneous fine scale material response. Such homogenization approaches are developed to build either concurrent or hierarchical multiscale computational models for the second gradient response at the coarse scale that represent salient aspects of material response at the fine scale. Typically, the homogenization procedure consists of solving an initial boundary value problem for a statistical volume element of heterogeneous material at the fine scale and computing coarse scale stresses and strains using various volume averaging procedures. By enforcing a kinematically consistent description of the deformation field at each scale and asserting invariance of linear momentum with respect to scale of observation of a fixed set of mass particles, critical features of the boundary conditions and computation of homogenized stresses are revealed. In particular, an internal constraint on the higher-order fluctuation field is required to ensure orthogonality between that part of the fine scale deformation attributed to the second gradient and the part associated with higher-order fluctuations. Additionally, the body forces resulting from such internal constraints must be included in the computation of coarse scale stresses to respect scale invariance of linear momentum at each scale. Numerical implementation of fine scale fluctuation constraints employs linear constraint equations; the computation of coarse scale stresses is facilitated through a multiscale statement of principle of virtual velocities. Example fine scale simulations and associated coarse scale homogenization are presented to illustrate aspects of the boundary conditions. C1 [Luscher, D. J.; Bronkhorst, C. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Luscher, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djl@lanl.gov RI Bronkhorst, Curt/B-4280-2011 OI Bronkhorst, Curt/0000-0002-2709-1964 FU NSF [CMMI-0758265]; Carter N. Paden Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing FX This work was conducted under the DOE Advanced Simulation and Computing program. The authors wish to acknowledge important communications with Dr. V. Kouznetsova regarding second gradient homogenization and satisfaction of a generalized Hill Mandel condition. D.L.M. is grateful for the support of NSF CMMI-0758265 (Multiresolution, Coarse-Grained Modeling of 3D Dislocation Nucleation and Migration) and the Carter N. Paden Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2012 VL 10 IS 5 BP 461 EP 486 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 018DB UT WOS:000309639200006 ER PT J AU Deline, C del Cueto, J Albin, DS Rummel, S AF Deline, Chris del Cueto, Joseph Albin, David S. Rummel, Steve TI Metastable electrical characteristics of polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic modules upon exposure and stabilization SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE thin film; photovoltaic; transients; metastability; CdTe; copper indium gallium diselenide ID SOLAR-CELLS; VOLTAGE; METASTABILITIES; TRANSIENT; STABILITY AB The significant features of a series of stabilization experiments conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) between May 2009 and the present are reported. These experiments evaluated a procedure to stabilize the measured performance of thin-film polycrystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of CdTe and CIGS thin-film PV devices and modules exhibit transitory changes in electrical performance after thermal exposure in the dark and/or bias and light exposures. We present the results of our case studies of module performance versus exposure: light soaked at 65 degrees C; exposed in the dark under forward bias at 65 degrees C; and, finally, longer-term outdoor exposure. We find that stabilization can be achieved to varying degrees using either light-soaking or dark-bias methods and that the existing IEC 61646 light-soaking interval may be appropriate for CdTe and CIGS modules with one caveat: it is likely that at least three exposure intervals are required for stabilization. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.022001] C1 [Deline, Chris; del Cueto, Joseph; Albin, David S.; Rummel, Steve] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [del Cueto, Joseph] Abound Solar, Loveland, CO 80538 USA. RP Deline, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM chris.deline@nrel.gov RI Deline, Christopher/K-5998-2013 OI Deline, Christopher/0000-0002-9867-8930 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX We thank Alan Anderberg from the NREL Cell and Module Characterization Team for measurements performed at STC. We also thank Dr. Tamizhmani at Arizona State University for his helpful discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PY 2012 VL 2 SI 3 AR 022001 DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.022001 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 014HZ UT WOS:000309367100001 ER PT S AU Dervilis, N Choi, M Antoniadou, I Farinholt, KM Taylor, SG Barthorpe, RJ Park, G Worden, K Farrar, CR AF Dervilis, N. Choi, M. Antoniadou, I. Farinholt, K. M. Taylor, S. G. Barthorpe, R. J. Park, G. Worden, K. Farrar, C. R. GP IOP TI Novelty detection applied to vibration data from a CX-100 wind turbine blade under fatigue loading. SO MODERN PRACTICE IN STRESS AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS 2012 (MPSVA 2012) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis (MPSVA) CY AUG 28-31, 2012 CL Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Inst Phys Appl Mech Grp HO Univ Glasgow ID HEALTH MONITORING METHODOLOGY; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AB The remarkable evolution of new generation wind turbines has led to a dramatic increase of wind turbine blade size. In turn, a reliable structural health monitoring (SHM) system will be a key factor for the successful implementation of such systems. Detection of damage at an early stage is a crucial issue as blade failure would be a catastrophic result for the entire wind turbine. In this study the SHM analysis will be based on experimental measurements of Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) extracted by using an input/output acquisition technique under a fatigue loading of a 9m CX-100 blade at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) performed in the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The blade was harmonically excited at its first natural frequency using a Universal Resonant Excitation (UREX) system. For analysis, the Auto-Associative Neural Network (AANN) is a non-parametric method where a set of damage sensitive features gathered from the measured structure are used to train a network that acts as a novelty detector. This traditionally has a highly complex "bottleneck" structure with five layers in the AANN. In the current paper, a new attempt is also exploited based on an AANN with one hidden layer in order to reduce the theoretical and computational difficulties. Damage detection of composite bodies of blades is a "grand challenge" due to varying aerodynamic and gravitational loads and environmental conditions. A study of the noise tolerant capability of the AANN which is associated to its generalisation capacity is addressed. It will be shown that vibration response data combined with AANNs is a robust and powerful tool, offering novelty detection even when operational and environmental variations are present. The AANN is a method which has not yet been widely used in the structural health monitoring of composite blades. C1 [Dervilis, N.; Antoniadou, I.; Barthorpe, R. J.; Worden, K.] Univ Sheffield, Dynam Res Grp, Dept Mech Engn, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Farinholt, K. M.; Taylor, S. G.; Park, G.; Farrar, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Choi, M.] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Jeonju, South Korea. RP Dervilis, N (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dynam Res Grp, Dept Mech Engn, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM N.Dervilis@sheffield.ac.uk RI Antoniadou, Ifigeneia/K-5232-2012; Taylor, Stuart/B-1347-2013; Barthorpe, Robert/D-8959-2016; OI Barthorpe, Robert/0000-0002-6645-8482; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 FU Department of Energy through the Laboratory Directed Research; Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory; EU Marie Curie scheme through the Initial Training Network SYSWIND FX The research was funded by the Department of Energy through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The authors would also like to acknowledge Scott Hughes and Mike Desmond from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Mark Rumsey and Jon White from the Sandia National Laboratory for their support and guidance on this study. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the EU Marie Curie scheme through the Initial Training Network SYSWIND. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 382 AR 012047 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/382/1/012047 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Mechanics; Physics GA BBZ91 UT WOS:000309290500047 ER PT S AU Wittstock, A Biener, J Baumer, M AF Wittstock, Arne Biener, Juergen Baeumer, Marcus BE Wittstock, A Biener, J Erlebacher, J Baumer, M TI Nanoporous Gold From an Ancient Technology to a High-Tech Material Introduction to Nanoporous Gold SO NANOPOROUS GOLD: FROM AN ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY TO A HIGH-TECH MATERIAL SE RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SURFACE-STRESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL; CATALYSIS; RECONSTRUCTION; NANOSCALE; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; ALLOYS; OXYGEN C1 [Wittstock, Arne; Biener, Juergen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94500 USA. [Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Wittstock, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94500 USA. EM wittstock1@llnl.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7136 BN 978-1-84973-528-5 J9 RSC NANOSCI NANOTECH PY 2012 IS 22 BP 1 EP 10 D2 10.1039/9781849735285 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBU94 UT WOS:000308298400002 ER PT S AU Wittstock, A Biener, J Baumer, M AF Wittstock, Arne Biener, Juergen Baeumer, Marcus BE Wittstock, A Biener, J Erlebacher, J Baumer, M TI Surface Chemistry and Catalysis SO NANOPOROUS GOLD: FROM AN ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY TO A HIGH-TECH MATERIAL SE RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNSUPPORTED NANOPOROUS GOLD; TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; AQUEOUS-PHASE OXIDATION; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; SOLVENT-FREE OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUPPORTED GOLD; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; AEROBIC OXIDATION C1 [Wittstock, Arne; Biener, Juergen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94500 USA. [Wittstock, Arne; Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Ctr Environm Res & Sustainable Technol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Wittstock, Arne; Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Wittstock, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94500 USA. EM wittstock1@llnl.gov NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7136 BN 978-1-84973-528-5 J9 RSC NANOSCI NANOTECH PY 2012 IS 22 BP 167 EP 198 D2 10.1039/9781849735285 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBU94 UT WOS:000308298400009 ER PT J AU Zubarev, DY Frenklach, M Lester, WA AF Zubarev, Dmitry Yu. Frenklach, Michael Lester, William A., Jr. TI From aromaticity to self-organized criticality in graphene SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULES; GRAPHITE; SYSTEMS AB The unique properties of graphene are rooted in its peculiar electronic structure where effects of electron delocalization are pivotal. We show that the traditional view of delocalization as formation of a local or global aromatic bonding framework has to be expanded in this case. A modification of the p-electron system of a finite-size graphene substrate results in a scale-invariant response in the relaxation of interatomic distances and reveals self-organized criticality as a mode of delocalized bonding. Graphene is shown to belong to a diverse class of finite-size extended systems with simple local interactions where complexity emerges spontaneously under very general conditions that can be a critical factor controlling observable properties such as chemical activity, electron transport, and spin-polarization. C1 [Zubarev, Dmitry Yu.; Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lester, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM walester@lbl.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF CHE-0809969]; Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76F00098]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX D.Y.Z. was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant NSF CHE-0809969. M. F. and W. A. L. were supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098. This research used computational resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 35 BP 12075 EP 12078 DI 10.1039/c2cp41675a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 990RM UT WOS:000307648700004 PM 22872129 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW AF Doerry, A. W. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI What maritime ISAR designers should know about ship dynamics SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ISAR; maritime; radar; motion ID GENERALIZED ISAR; RECOGNITION; TARGET AB ISAR has enjoyed some success in imaging maritime targets, particularly ships. In fact, a number of maritime ISAR systems have been operational for a number of years. With ISAR, the ship's own motion is critical to forming well-resolved ISAR images. Seemingly important to accounting for ship motion is to first understand the nature of the ship motion that we are likely to encounter. Designing ships for specific motion characteristics is the domain of naval architecture. This paper presents some preliminary analysis of naval architecture principles, and typical ship designs' impact on the ISAR problem. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83611C DI 10.1117/12.918107 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500045 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW Bishop, E Miller, J Horndt, V Small, D AF Doerry, A. W. Bishop, E. Miller, J. Horndt, V. Small, D. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Designing interpolation kernels for SAR data resampling SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE interpolation; resampling; polar format; SAR; image formation ID SIGNAL AB It is fairly common in radar signal processing that sampled data is not sampled precisely at the desired positions within a function. Resampling the data to more advantageous sample locations entails interpolation of the data. The radar engineer often picks a resampling or an interpolation technique that "is handy", or "seems to work", without any analytical justification for his choice. However, understanding the science and mathematics that underpin interpolation can avoid unexpected and undesirable side effects from a suboptimal choice. This paper details interpolation kernel characteristics, allowing intelligent choices for algorithm design, tailored for radar signal processing applications. C1 [Doerry, A. W.; Small, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83611D DI 10.1117/12.918106 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500046 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW Brock, BC AF Doerry, A. W. Brock, B. C. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI A better trihedral corner reflector for low grazing angles SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SAR; RCS; trihedral; reflector AB Trihedral corner reflectors are the preferred canonical target for SAR performance evaluation for many radar development programs. The conventional trihedrals have problems with substantially reduced Radar Cross Section (RCS) at low grazing angles, unless they are tilted forward, but in which case other problems arise mainly due to multipath effects. Consequently there is a need for better low grazing angle performance for trihedrals. This is facilitated by extending the bottom plate of the trihedral reflector. A relevant analysis of RCS for an infinite ground plate is presented. Practical aspects are also discussed. C1 [Doerry, A. W.; Brock, B. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov; bbrock@sandia.gov; awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83611B DI 10.1117/12.918105 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500044 ER PT S AU Raynal, AM Bickel, DL Dubbert, DF Verge, TJ Burns, BL Dunkel, R Doerry, AW AF Raynal, Ann Marie Bickel, Douglas L. Dubbert, Dale F. Verge, Tobias J. Burns, Bryan L. Dunkel, Ralf Doerry, Armin W. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Radar cross section statistics of cultural clutter at Ku-band SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE RCS; radar cross section; cultural clutter; clutter discretes; urban clutter; SAR; GMTI AB Knowing the statistical characteristics of the radar cross-section (RCS) of man-made, or cultural clutter, is crucial to the success of clutter mitigation, radar target detection algorithms, and radar system requirements in urban environments. Open literature studies regarding the statistical nature of cultural clutter focus primarily on radar probability models or limited experimental data analysis of specific locations and frequencies. This paper seeks to expand the existing body of work on cultural clutter RCS statistics at Ku-band for ground moving target indication (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications. We examine the normalized RCS probability distributions of cultural clutter in several urban scenes, across aspect and elevation angle, for vertical transmit/receive (VV) polarizations, and at diverse resolutions, using experimental data collected at Ku-band. We further describe frequency and RCS strength statistics of clutter discretes per unit area to understand system demands on radars operating in urban environments in this band. C1 [Raynal, Ann Marie; Bickel, Douglas L.; Dubbert, Dale F.; Burns, Bryan L.; Doerry, Armin W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Raynal, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83610Y DI 10.1117/12.919789 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500031 ER PT S AU Strassner, BH AF Strassner, Bernd H., II BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Antenna Array Devised for Amplifier Integration SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Active Antenna Array; Antenna Array; Aperture Taper; Low Sidelobes; T/R Module AB This presentation describes an active antenna array architecture designed specifically for achieving low transmit and receive sidelobe levels without having to use attenuators to create the necessary aperture taper. An "irregular" subarray approach is used to eliminate the need for tapered-attenuation within the array's aperture, thereby drastically reducing the DC supply power consumption of the active phased array. On many UAVs, especially the smaller models, onboard DC power can be extremely limited. The so-called "irregular" subarray approach not only determines the exact locations of the T/R modules, but it also allows for all of the low-noise amplifiers to share the same part number and for all of the power amplifiers to also share the same part number. All of the LNAs are biased exactly in the same manner as are all of the PAs. By keeping the part numbers and bias conditions of the amplifiers the same, large instantaneous operational bandwidths can be obtained. Thus, this paper illustrates an active antenna array topology that can achieve wideband performance and low sidelobe levels with minimal DC power consumption. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Strassner, BH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bhstras@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83610Q DI 10.1117/12.918423 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500024 ER PT S AU Rebel, B AF Rebel, Brian CA NOVA Collaboration BE Oberauer, L Raffelt, G Wagner, R TI Status of NOvA SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS (TAUP 2011), PTS 1-6 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP) CY SEP 05-09, 2011 CL Munich, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Phys (MPP), Tech Univ Munich (TUM), Origin & Struct Universe AB NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment looking for the appearance of electron neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the NuMI neutrino beam. It is comprised of a near detector located on-site at Fermi lab, approximately 1 km from the neutrino source and a far detector located 810 km from the source in northern Minnesota. Both detectors are positioned 14 mrad off the beam axis to observe a narrow range of neutrino energies peaked at 2.2 GeV. Construction of the NOvA experiment has begun and the details are outlined below. C1 [Rebel, Brian; NOVA Collaboration] Fermi lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rebel, B (reprint author), Fermi lab, MS 220, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM brebel@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 375 AR 042072 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/375/4/042072 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBO93 UT WOS:000307776500136 ER PT S AU Soares-Santos, M AF Soares-Santos, Marcelle CA DES Collaboration BE Oberauer, L Raffelt, G Wagner, R TI Dark energy physics expectations at DES SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS (TAUP 2011), PTS 1-6 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP) CY SEP 05-09, 2011 CL Munich, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Phys (MPP), Tech Univ Munich (TUM), Origin & Struct Universe ID GALAXY; CONSTRAINTS; GRAVITY AB Giving rise to a new and exciting research field, observations of the last 13 years established the accelerated expansion of the Universe. This is a strong indication of new physics, either in the form of a new energy component of the Universe dark energy or of theories of gravity beyond general relativity. A powerful approach to this problem is the study of complementary cosmological probes in large optical galaxy surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We present the expectations for dark energy physics based on the combination of four fundamental probes: galaxy clusters, weak lensing, large scale structure and supernovae. We show that DES data have constraining power to improve current measurements of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter by a factor of 3-5 and to distinguish between general relativity and modified gravity scenarios. C1 [Soares-Santos, Marcelle; DES Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Soares-Santos, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM marcelle@fnal.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 375 AR 032006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/375/3/032006 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBO93 UT WOS:000307776500058 ER PT S AU Bronevetsky, G Laguna, I de Supinski, BR Bagchi, S AF Bronevetsky, Greg Laguna, Ignacio de Supinski, Bronis R. Bagchi, Saurabh GP IEEE TI Automatic Fault Characterization via Abnormality-Enhanced Classification SO 2012 42ND ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 25-28, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE CS Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IFIP, WG 10.4 on Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance DE fault detection; root cause analysis; statistical modeling; autonomic management AB Enterprise and high-performance computing systems are growing extremely large and complex, employing many processors and diverse software/hardware stacks. As these machines grow in scale, faults become more frequent and system complexity makes it difficult to detect and to diagnose them. The difficulty is particularly large for faults that degrade system performance or cause erratic behavior but do not cause outright crashes. The cost of these errors is high since they significantly reduce system productivity, both initially and by time required to resolve them. Current system management techniques do not work well since they require manual examination of system behavior and do not identify root causes. When a fault is manifested, system administrators need timely notification about the type of fault, the time period in which it occurred and the processor on which it originated. Statistical modeling approaches can accurately characterize normal and abnormal system behavior. However, the complex effects of system faults are less amenable to these techniques. This paper demonstrates that the complexity of system faults makes traditional classification and clustering algorithms inadequate for characterizing them. We design novel techniques that combine classification algorithms with information on the abnormality of application behavior to improve detection and characterization accuracy significantly. Our experiments demonstrate that our techniques can detect and characterize faults with 85% accuracy, compared to just 12% accuracy for direct applications of traditional techniques. C1 [Bronevetsky, Greg; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Laguna, Ignacio; Bagchi, Saurabh] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bronevetsky, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bronevetsky@llnl.gov; ilaguna@purdue.edu; bronis@llnl.gov; sbagchi@purdue.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4673-1625-5 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2012 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000309224200014 ER PT S AU Sloan, J Kumar, R Bronevetsky, G AF Sloan, Joseph Kumar, Rakesh Bronevetsky, Greg GP IEEE TI Algorithmic Approaches to Low Overhead Fault Detection for Sparse Linear Algebra SO 2012 42ND ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 25-28, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE CS Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IFIP, WG 10.4 on Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance DE ABFT; sparse linear algebra; numerical methods; error detection ID MATRIX OPERATIONS; TOLERANCE AB The increasing size and complexity of High-Performance Computing systems is making it increasingly likely that individual circuits will produce erroneous results, especially when operated in a low energy mode. Previous techniques for Algorithm - Based Fault Tolerance (ABFT) [20] have been proposed for detecting errors in dense linear operations, but have high overhead in the context of sparse problems. In this paper, we propose a set of algorithmic techniques that minimize the overhead of fault detection for sparse problems. The techniques are based on two insights. First, many sparse problems are well structured (e.g. diagonal, banded diagonal, block diagonal), which allows for sampling techniques to produce good approximations of the checks used for fault detection. These approximate checks may be acceptable for many sparse linear algebra applications. Second, many linear applications have enough reuse that preconditioning techniques can be used to make these applications more amenable to low-cost algorithmic checks. The proposed techniques are shown to yield up to 2x reductions in performance overhead over traditional ABFT checks for a spectrum of sparse problems. A case study using common linear solvers further illustrates the benefits of the proposed algorithmic techniques. C1 [Sloan, Joseph; Kumar, Rakesh] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sloan, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jsloan@illinois.edu; rakeshk@illinois.edu; bronevetsky@llnl.gov FU FCRP Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-CONF-546472]; Department of Energy Office of Science (Advanced Scientific Computing Research) Early Career [NA27344] FX This research was supported in part by the FCRP Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC), Semiconductor Research Corporation, and the National Science Foundation. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-546472) and was partially supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science (Advanced Scientific Computing Research) Early Career Grant, award number NA27344. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4673-1625-5 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2012 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000309224200026 ER PT S AU Yu, L Zheng, ZM Lan, ZL Jones, T Brandt, JM Gentile, AC AF Yu, Li Zheng, Ziming Lan, Zhiling Jones, Terry Brandt, Jim M. Gentile, Ann C. GP IEEE TI Filtering Log Data: Finding the Needles in the Haystack SO 2012 42ND ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 25-28, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE CS Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IFIP, WG 10.4 on Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance ID SYSTEMS AB Log data is an incredible asset for troubleshooting in large-scale systems. Nevertheless, due to the ever-growing system scale, the volume of such data becomes overwhelming, bringing enormous burdens on both data storage and data analysis. To address this problem, we present a 2-dimensional online filtering mechanism to remove redundant and noisy data via feature selection and instance selection. The objective of this work is two-fold: (i) to significantly reduce data volume without losing important information, and (ii) to effectively promote data analysis. We evaluate this new filtering mechanism by means of real environmental data from the production supercomputers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory. Our preliminary results demonstrate that our method can reduce more than 85% disk space, thereby significantly reducing analysis time. Moreover, it also facilitates better failure prediction and diagnosis by more than 20%, as compared to the conventional predictive approach relying on RAS (Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability) events alone. C1 [Yu, Li; Zheng, Ziming; Lan, Zhiling] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Jones, Terry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brandt, Jim M.; Gentile, Ann C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yu, L (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM lyu17@iit.edu; zzheng11@iit.edu; lan@iit.edu; trjones@ornl.gov; brandt@sandia.gov; gentile@sandia.gov FU US National Science Foundation [CNS-0834514, CNS-0720549]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; United Stated Department of Energy; Office of Defense Programs; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The work at Illinois Institute of Technology was supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants CNS- 0834514, CNS-0720549. The work at ORNL was supported in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work at Sandia was supported by the United Stated Department of Energy, Office of Defense Programs. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4673-1625-5 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2012 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000309224200036 ER PT J AU Van Essen, B Macaraeg, C Gokhale, M Prenger, R AF Van Essen, Brian Macaraeg, Chris Gokhale, Maya Prenger, Ryan BE Singh, S Chow, P TI Accelerating a random forest classifier: multi-core, GP-GPU, or FPGA? SO 2012 IEEE 20TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES (FCCM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM) CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2012 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, Altera, CMC Microsyst, Microsoft Res, Xilinx, BEEcube, Algo-Log, Atom Rules, Cypress Perform, IEEE Comp Soc DE FPGA; GP-GPU; OpenMP; Machine learning AB Random forest classification is a well known machine learning technique that generates classifiers in the form of an ensemble ("forest") of decision trees. The classification of an input sample is determined by the majority classification by the ensemble. Traditional random forest classifiers can be highly effective, but classification using a random forest is memory bound and not typically suitable for acceleration using FPGAs or GP-GPUs due to the need to traverse large, possibly irregular decision trees. Recent work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has developed several variants of random forest classifiers, including the Compact Random Forest (CRF), that can generate decision trees more suitable for acceleration than traditional decision trees. Our paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of FPGAs, GP-GPUs, and multi-core CPUs for accelerating classification using models generated by compact random forest machine learning classifiers. Taking advantage of training algorithms that can produce compact random forests composed of many, small trees rather than fewer, deep trees, we are able to regularize the forest such that the classification of any sample takes a deterministic amount of time. This optimization then allows us to execute the classifier in a pipelined or single-instruction multiple thread (SIMT) fashion. We show that FPGAs provide the highest performance solution, but require a multi-chip / multi-board system to execute even modest sized forests. GP-GPUs offer a more flexible solution with reasonably high performance that scales with forest size. Finally, multi-threading via OpenMP on a shared memory system was the simplest solution and provided near linear performance that scaled with core count, but was still significantly slower than the GP-GPU and FPGA. C1 [Van Essen, Brian; Macaraeg, Chris; Gokhale, Maya; Prenger, Ryan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Essen, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vanessen1@llnl.gov; macaraeg1@llnl.gov; gokhale2@llnl.gov; prenger1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-4699-5 PY 2012 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.1109/FCCM.2012.47 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ49 UT WOS:000309191400038 ER PT J AU Nutaro, JJ Schryver, JC Haire, MJ AF Nutaro, James J. Schryver, Jack C. Haire, Marvin J. GP IEEE TI The Throughput, Reliability, Availability, Maintainability (TRAM) Methodology for Predicting Chemical Plant Production SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL Reno, NV SP IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEST, IIE, SAE, Soc Reliabil Engineers (SRE), SSS, AIAA, ASQ, Elect & Commun Div, ASQ, Reliabil Div DE availability; discrete event simulation; performance modeling; finite mixture distributions AB Fault tree analysis is a method for evaluating reliability and availability in terms of equipment system "states", but this method does not lend itself easily to the evaluation of equipment interactions through time. This makes fault trees difficult to use for the analysis of systems whose reliability and availability depend on complex interactions between its sub-systems. This difficulty is overcome by combining fault trees with discrete event simulation methods. The new TRAM methodology combines models and techniques for the analysis of throughput, availability, reliability, and maintainability into a single approach. This paper describes the TRAM methodology and illustrates it with an application to a chemical processing plant. TRAM combines fault tree analysis at a low level of the system description and discrete event simulation at a higher level to create a new method for analyzing the availability and throughput capacity of material processing plants. Failure and repair data is modeled stochastically by a very flexible type of finite mixture distribution that allows the analyst to separate the effects of different repair strategies, such as the reliance on procurement of off-site (vs. on-site) spare parts. An important application of the TRAM method is to facilitate the design of a plant that tolerates outages of its subsystems in the most efficient way possible. Mitigation strategies including in-process storage, alternate work-flows, availability of spare parts, and design for over-production: all of these can be assessed using the TRAM approach, and it thereby facilitates the design of more robust manufacturing systems. The TRAM methodology enables sophisticated "what-if" analyses of alternative designs, e. g. equipment sets, capacities (tanks sizes), shift schedules, spare parts, etc. to optimize plant design and operation. It is a stochastic, time dependent process that provides probabilities of success (or failure) and confidence bounds on availability and throughput. Finally, the TRAM methodology can help plant managers and owners to focus on the plant production metrics by which they are compensated, and not solely on abstract metrics such as availability. Accordingly, TRAM is potentially a more influential tool in the industry than conventional RAM methods. The TRAM method is based on the discrete event formalism developed by Zeigler et al. [1], and explained further in [2]. In TRAM the plant model is completely separated from the simulation engine and can be specified by input data contained in an XML file. Alternatively, the user can construct connections between sub-system components using a graphical user interface. The GUI is very useful in supporting the verification of the correct mass balance in the model. C1 [Nutaro, James J.; Schryver, Jack C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6360, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Haire, Marvin J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nutaro, JJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6360, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nutarojj@ornl.gov; schryverjc@ornl.gov; hairemj@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1851-9 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ45 UT WOS:000309184100090 ER PT S AU Xu, ZX Jiang, D Li, M Ning, PQ Wang, F Liang, ZX AF Xu, Zhuxian Jiang, Dong Li, Ming Ning, Puqi Wang, Fred Liang, Zhenxian GP IEEE TI Si IGBT Phase-Leg Module Packaging and Cooling Design for Operation at 200 degrees C in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Applications SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) DE 200 degrees C Si devices based module; high temperature packaging and cooling design; hybrid electrical vehicle application AB A Si IGBT phase-leg module is designed and fabricated for operating at 200 degrees C in hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) applications. First, a phase-leg package design is given including die selection, material selection, and layout design. Then the static and switching characterization of the fabricated module is conducted at various temperatures. The losses for a kW phase-leg in three-phase motor drive are calculated based on the characterization. Thermal performance of the proposed package and cooling is then evaluated with both (finite element analysis) FEA simulation and experiments. The simulation and experimental results agree well, which show that the proposed packaging design and cooling approach can maintain the Si IGBT junction temperature below 200 degrees C with 105 degrees C coolant. Finally, a buck converter composed of the phase-leg module is operated successfully with the device junction temperature heated up to 200 degrees C, which demonstrates the high temperature operation ability of the designed package module. C1 [Xu, Zhuxian; Wang, Fred] Univ Tennessee, Elect Energy Transmiss Networks, Ctr Ultra Wide Area Resilient, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jiang, Dong; Li, Ming] United Technol Res Ctr, East Hartford, CT 06103 USA. [Ning, Puqi; Wang, Fred; Liang, Zhenxian] Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Xu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Elect Energy Transmiss Networks, Ctr Ultra Wide Area Resilient, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zxu11@utk.edu OI Liang, Zhenxian/0000-0002-2811-0944 FU DOE through Oak Ridge National Lab; National Science Foundation; DOE under NSF [EEC-1041877] FX This work was supported by the DOE Vehicles Technologies Program through Oak Ridge National Lab. This work made use of Engineering Research Center Shared Facilities supported by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and DOE under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700074 ER PT S AU Reddy, LG Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B Xu, Y Rizy, DT AF Reddy, Lakshmi Gopi Tolbert, Leon M. Ozpineci, Burak Xu, Yan Rizy, D. Tom GP IEEE TI Reliability of IGBT in a STATCOM for Harmonic Compensation and Power Factor Correction SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) ID PWM INVERTER; DEVICES AB With smart grid integration, there is a need to characterize reliability of a power system by including reliability of power semiconductors in grid related applications. In this paper, the reliability of IGBTs in a STATCOM application is presented for two different applications, power factor correction and harmonic elimination. The STATCOM model is developed in EMTP, and analytical equations for average conduction losses in an IGBT and a diode are derived and compared with experimental data. A commonly used reliability model is used to predict reliability of IGBT. C1 [Reddy, Lakshmi Gopi; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ozpineci, Burak; Xu, Yan; Rizy, D. Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Reddy, LG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lgopired@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, managed by UT- Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish from the contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 783 EP 788 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700118 ER PT S AU Johnson, B Krein, P Zheng, ZM Lentine, A AF Johnson, Brian Krein, Philip Zheng, Zheming Lentine, Anthony GP IEEE TI A Single-Stage Three-Phase AC Module for High-Voltage Photovoltaics SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) ID RELIABILITY; INVERTER; CELL AB A single-stage three-phase voltage source inverter for high-voltage PV modules is presented. The benefits of the proposed design are simplicity, low cost, high efficiency, and high reliability. The inverter is intended for module integration and is designed for a relatively low power rating of approximately 250W. Analytical models and dynamic simulation are used to calculate expected efficiency. The mean time to failure is estimated using established methods. Component costs are approximated with a linear regression which relates device ratings with price data. It is shown that in comparison to conventional single-phase module-integrated converters, the power component cost reduction is approximately 60%, peak efficiency is increased above 98%, and longer life is anticipated. Experimental results are shown. C1 [Johnson, Brian; Krein, Philip; Zheng, Zheming] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lentine, Anthony] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Johnson, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 885 EP 891 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700133 ER PT S AU Cui, YT Chinthavali, M Tolbert, LM AF Cui, Yutian Chinthavali, Madhu Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI Temperature Dependent Pspice Model of Silicon Carbide Power MOSFET SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) ID DEVICES AB This paper provides a behavioral model in Pspice for a silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFET rated at 1200 V / 30 A for a wide temperature range. The Pspice model was built using device parameters extracted through experiment. The static and dynamic behavior of the SiC power MOSFET is simulated and compared to the measured data to show the accuracy of the Pspice model. The temperature dependent behavior was simulated and analyzed. Also, the effect of the parasitics of the circuit on switching behavior was simulated and discussed. C1 [Cui, Yutian; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chinthavali, Madhu; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ycui7@utk.edu; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; tolbert@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU II-IV Foundation and the U.S. DOE Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) program; National Science Foundation and DOE under NSF Award [EEC-1041877]; CURENT Industry Partnership Program FX This work was partially funded by the II-IV Foundation and the U.S. DOE Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) program.; This work made use of Engineering Research Center Shared Facilities supported by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and DOE under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 1698 EP 1704 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700256 ER PT S AU Watson, LD Kimball, JW Atcitty, S AF Watson, Luke D. Kimball, Jonathan W. Atcitty, Stanley GP IEEE TI Linear Single Phase Inverter Model for Battery Energy Storage System Evaluation and Controller Design SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) ID CONVERTERS; FRAME AB A method for deriving a set of linear transfer functions for a single phase grid tied system is presented, which can be used to determine how small signal perturbations and transients on the utility side are translated through the inverter to the dc link, as well as assist in controller design. These transfer functions can be used by a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) designer to predict what harmonics the battery will see in the field, without the need for expensive simulation software. With this information, battery designers will be able to design a more robust battery specifically tailored for single phase inverter applications. C1 [Watson, Luke D.; Kimball, Jonathan W.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Watson, LD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM Ldwxf5@mst.edu; satcitt@sandia.gov OI Kimball, Jonathan/0000-0002-4061-2007 FU U.S. DOE Energy Program through Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation; a Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation [ECCS- 0900940] FX This work was funded by the U.S. DOE Energy Program through Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Additional support provided by the National Science Foundation under award ECCS- 0900940. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 1861 EP 1867 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700281 ER PT S AU Ahmed, S Burgos, R Roy, C Boroyevich, D Mattavelli, P Wang, F AF Ahmed, Sara Burgos, R. Roy, Chris Boroyevich, D. Mattavelli, Paolo Wang, F. GP IEEE TI Modeling Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification (VV&UQ) Procedure for a Two-Level Three-Phase Boost Rectifier SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) DE Two level boost rectifier; verification and validation AB This paper presents complete Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification (VV&UQ) procedures that are applied to a two-level boost rectifier. The goal of this VV&UQ study is the improvement of the modeling procedure for power electronics systems, and the full assessment of the boost rectifier model (as an example) predictive capabilities. Modeling and simulation of large systems is always the preferred solution to avoid repetitive hardware, and to minimize the cost. However, developing the accurate models and making sure it matches the hardware is always a challenge. This paper provides a set of procedures that if followed one can claim the model is validated. C1 [Ahmed, Sara; Roy, Chris; Boroyevich, D.; Mattavelli, Paolo] Virginia Tech, CPES, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Burgos, R.] ABB US Corp Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. [Wang, F.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, CPES, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sahassan@vt.edu; rbugos@ieee.org; fred.wang@utk.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 1894 EP 1901 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700287 ER PT S AU Ning, PQ Liang, ZX Wang, F Marlino, L AF Ning, Puqi Liang, Zhenxian Wang, Fred Marlino, Laura GP IEEE TI Power Module and Cooling System Thermal Performance Evaluation for HEV Application SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID MODEL AB To further reduce system costs and package volumes of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), it is important to optimize the power module and associated cooling system. This paper reports the thermal performance evaluation and analysis of three commercial power modules with different cooling systems. Experiments and simulations were conducted to help further optimization of design. Results show that power electronics can be better merged with the mechanical environment. C1 [Ning, Puqi; Liang, Zhenxian; Wang, Fred; Marlino, Laura] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Ning, PQ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. OI Liang, Zhenxian/0000-0002-2811-0944 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 2134 EP 2139 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700321 ER PT S AU Chinthavali, M Christopher, JF Arimilli, RV AF Chinthavali, Madhu Christopher, Jacob F. Arimilli, Rao V. GP IEEE TI Feasibility Study of A 55-kW Air-cooled Automotive Inverter SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) AB The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal feasibility of an air-cooled 55-kW power inverter with SiC devices. Air flow rate, ambient air temperature, voltage, and device switching frequency were studied parametrically by performing transient and steady-state simulations. The transient simulations were based on inverter current that represents the US06 supplemental federal test procedure from the US EPA. The results demonstrate the thermal feasibility of using air to cool a rectangular-shaped 55-kW SiC traction drive inverter. When the inverter model is subject to one or multiple current cycles, the maximum device temperature does not exceed 146 degrees C for an inlet flow rate of 270 cfm, ambient temperature of 120 degrees C, voltage of 650 V, and switching frequency of 20 kHz. The results show that the ideal blower power input for the entire inverter with a total inlet air flow rate of 540 cfm is 105 W. C1 [Chinthavali, Madhu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Christopher, Jacob F.; Arimilli, Rao V.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chinthavali, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chinthavalim@ornl.gov; jfaulkn4@utk.edu; arimilli@utk.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; [37831] FX Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.; The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish from the contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 2246 EP 2253 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700340 ER PT J AU Merkli, M Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Tsifrinovich, VI AF Merkli, M. Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. Tsifrinovich, V. I. TI Creation of Two-Particle Entanglement in Open Macroscopic Quantum Systems SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-DEATH; THERMALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DECOHERENCE; COMPLEXES; COHERENCE; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN; QUBITS; TIME AB We consider an open quantum system of N not directly interacting spins (qubits) in contact with both local and collective thermal environments. The qubit-environment interactions are energy conserving. We trace out the variables of the thermal environments and N - 2 qubits to obtain the time-dependent reduced density matrix for two arbitrary qubits. We numerically simulate the reduced dynamics and the creation of entanglement (concurrence) as a function of the parameters of the thermal environments and the number of qubits, N. Our results demonstrate that the two-qubit entanglement generally decreases as N increases. We show analytically that, in the limit N -> infinity, no entanglement can be created. This indicates that collective thermal environments cannot create two-qubit entanglement when many qubits are located within a region of the size of the environment coherence length. We discuss possible relevance of our consideration to recent quantum information devices and biosystems. C1 [Merkli, M.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Berman, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica, Interdisciplinary Labs Adv Mat Phys, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Tsifrinovich, V. I.] NYU, Dept Appl Phys, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Merkli, M (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. EM merkli@mun.ca OI borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189 FU NSERC [205247]; NNSA of the U. S. DOE at LANL [DEAC52-06NA25396]; LDRD program at LANL FX This work Supported by NSERC under Discovery Grant 205247 (M. Merkli). This work was carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the U. S. DOE at LANL under Contract No. DEAC52-06NA25396. Supported by the LDRD program at LANL (G. P. Berman). NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9120 J9 ADV MATH PHYS JI Adv. Math. Phys. PY 2012 AR 375182 DI 10.1155/2012/375182 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 014QI UT WOS:000309390400001 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Gustafson, WI Fast, JD Wang, H Easter, RC Wang, M Ghan, SJ Berg, LK Leung, LR Morrison, H AF Yang, Q. Gustafson, W. I., Jr. Fast, J. D. Wang, H. Easter, R. C. Wang, M. Ghan, S. J. Berg, L. K. Leung, L. R. Morrison, H. TI Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MESOSCALE CELLULAR STRUCTURES; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; VOCALS-REX; DIURNAL CYCLE; OPEN CELLS; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; STRATIFORM CLOUDS AB Cloud-system resolving simulations with the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model are used to quantify the relative impacts of regional anthropogenic and oceanic emissions on changes in aerosol properties, cloud macro-and microphysics, and cloud radiative forcing over the Southeast Pacific (SEP) during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) (15 October-16 November 2008). Two distinct regions are identified. The near-coast polluted region is characterized by low surface precipitation rates, the strong suppression of non-sea-salt particle activation due to sea-salt particles, a predominant albedo effect in aerosol indirect effects, and limited impact of aerosols associated with anthropogenic emissions on clouds. Opposite sensitivities to natural marine and anthropogenic aerosol perturbations are seen in cloud properties (e.g., cloud optical depth and cloud-top and cloud-base heights), precipitation, and the top-of-atmosphere and surface shortwave fluxes over this region. The relatively clean remote region is characterized by large contributions of aerosols from non-regional sources (lateral boundaries) and much stronger drizzle at the surface. Under a scenario of five-fold increase in regional anthropogenic emissions, this relatively clean region shows large cloud responses, for example, a 13% increase in cloud-top height and a 9% increase in albedo in response to a moderate increase (25% of the reference case) in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration. The reduction of precipitation due to this increase in anthropogenic aerosols more than doubles the aerosol lifetime in the clean marine boundary layer. Therefore, the aerosol impacts on precipitation are amplified by the positive feedback of precipitation on aerosol, which ultimately alters the cloud micro-and macro-physical properties, leading to strong aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. The high sensitivity is also related to an increase in cloud-top entrainment rate (by 16% at night) due to the increased anthropogenic aerosols. The simulated aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions due to the increased anthropogenic aerosols have a stronger diurnal cycle over the clean region compared to the near-coast region with stronger interactions at night. During the day, solar heating results in more frequent decoupling of the cloud and sub-cloud layers, thinner clouds, reduced precipitation, and reduced sensitivity to the increase in anthropogenic emissions. This study shows the importance of natural aerosols in accurately quantifying anthropogenic forcing within a regional modeling framework. The results of this study also imply that the energy balance perturbations from increased anthropogenic emissions are larger in the more susceptible clean environment than in already polluted environment and are larger than possible from the first indirect effect alone. C1 [Yang, Q.; Gustafson, W. I., Jr.; Fast, J. D.; Wang, H.; Easter, R. C.; Wang, M.; Ghan, S. J.; Berg, L. K.; Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Morrison, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Yang, Q (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM qing.yang@pnnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; Yang, Qing/H-3275-2011; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Yang, Qing/0000-0003-2067-5999; Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program [NA10AANRG0083/56091]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX We would like to thank Julia Flaherty for the internal review and Songyou Hong for helpful discussions regarding the YSU scheme. Funding for this research has been provided by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program (NA10AANRG0083/56091). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 90 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 18 BP 8777 EP 8796 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8777-2012 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015CZ UT WOS:000309424300030 ER PT S AU Van de Water, RS AF Van de Water, Ruth S. GP NYAS TI Searching for new physics at the frontiers with lattice quantum chromodynamics SO BLAVATNIK AWARDS FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS 2011 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE lattice QCD; CKM matrix; Standard Model ID MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; MUON MAGNETIC-MOMENT; STANDARD MODEL; DECAYS; SUPERSYMMETRY AB Numerical lattice-quantumchromodynamics(QCD) simulations, when combined with experimental measurements, allow the determination of fundamental parameters of the particle-physics Standard Model and enable searches for physics beyond-the-StandardModel. We present the current status of lattice-QCD weak matrix element calculations needed to obtain the elements and phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix and to test the Standard Model in the quark-flavor sector. We then discuss evidence that may hint at the presence of new physics beyond the Standard Model CKM framework. Finally, we discuss two opportunities where we expect lattice QCD to play a pivotal role in searching for, and possibly discovery of, new physics at upcoming high-intensity experiments: rare K -> pi nu nu decays and the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The next several years may witness the discovery of new elementary particles at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The interplay between lattice QCD, high-energy experiments at the LHC, and high-intensity experiments will be needed to determine the underlying structure of whatever physics beyond-the-StandardModel is realized in nature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Van de Water, RS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ruthv@bnl.gov NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-861-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2012 VL 1260 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06542.x PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCB76 UT WOS:000309673400005 PM 22697613 ER PT J AU Yacovitch, TI Garand, E Kim, JB Hock, C Theis, T Neumark, DM AF Yacovitch, Tara I. Garand, Etienne Kim, Jongjin B. Hock, Christian Theis, Thomas Neumark, Daniel M. TI Vibrationally resolved transition state spectroscopy of the F + H-2 and F + CH4 reactions SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; NEGATIVE-ION PHOTODETACHMENT; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; F+H-2 REACTION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; ABEL TRANSFORM; PHOTOELECTRON; RESONANCE; DYNAMICS AB The transition state regions of the F + para-H-2, F + normal-H-2, F + CH4 and F + CD4 reactions have been studied by slow electron velocity-map imaging (SEVI) spectroscopy of the anionic precursor clusters para-FH2-, normal-FH2-, FCH4- and FCD4-. The F + H-2 results improve on previously published photoelectron spectra, resolving a narrow peak that appears in the same position in the para-FH2- and normal-FH2- spectra, and suggesting that additional theoretical treatment is necessary to fully describe and assign the experimental results. A small peak in the para-FH2- results is also identified, matching simulations of a product resonance in the nu' = 3 vibrational level. SEVI spectra of the P-2(3/2) bands of FCH4- and FCD4- show extended structure from transitions to the entrance valley van der Waals region and the reactant side of the F + CH4 transition state region. Much of this structure is attributed to bending or hindered rotation of the methane moiety and may be a spectroscopic signature of reactive resonances. C1 [Yacovitch, Tara I.; Garand, Etienne; Kim, Jongjin B.; Hock, Christian; Theis, Thomas; Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Fara Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Theis, Thomas/J-2304-2014; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; OI Theis, Thomas/0000-0001-6779-9978; Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Garand, Etienne/0000-0001-5062-5453 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0343, F49620-03-1-0085]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant numbers FA9550-09-1-0343 and F49620-03-1-0085. We thank Oleg Kornilov for use of his program to perform the pBasex transform and wedge subtractions. We also thank David Manolopoulos and Gabor Czako for helpful discussions. T.I.Y. and E. G. thank the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for post graduate scholarships. C. H. is supported by a postdoctoral scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 157 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.1039/c2fd20011b PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 011BF UT WOS:000309137600022 PM 23230779 ER PT J AU Cho, H Strader, ML Hong, K Jamula, L Gullikson, EM Kim, TK de Groot, FMF McCusker, JK Schoenlein, RW Huse, N AF Cho, Hana Strader, Matthew L. Hong, Kiryong Jamula, Lindsey Gullikson, Eric M. Kim, Tae Kyu de Groot, Frank M. F. McCusker, James K. Schoenlein, Robert W. Huse, Nils TI Ligand-field symmetry effects in Fe(II) polypyridyl compounds probed by transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPIN-CROSSOVER; ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRICS; STATE INTERCONVERSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERROUS COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; IRON(II); SUBPICOSECOND; MODEL AB Ultrafast excited-state evolution in polypyridyl Fe(II) complexes is of fundamental interest for understanding the origins of the sub-ps spin-state changes that occur upon photoexcitation of this class of compounds as well as for the potential impact such ultrafast dynamics have on incorporation of these compounds in solar energy conversion schemes or switchable optical storage technologies. We have demonstrated that ground-state and, more importantly, ultrafast time-resolved X-ray absorption methods can offer unique insights into the interplay between electronic and geometric structure that underpins the photo-induced dynamics of this class of compounds. The present contribution examines in greater detail how the symmetry of the ligand field surrounding the metal ion can be probed using these X-ray techniques. In particular, we show that steady-state K-edge spectroscopy of the nearest-neighbour nitrogen atoms reveals the characteristic chemical environment of the respective ligands and suggests an interesting target for future charge-transfer femtosecond and attosecond spectroscopy in the X-ray water window. C1 [Cho, Hana; Strader, Matthew L.; Schoenlein, Robert W.; Huse, Nils] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ultrafast Xray Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cho, Hana; Hong, Kiryong; Kim, Tae Kyu] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan, South Korea. [Cho, Hana; Hong, Kiryong; Kim, Tae Kyu] Pusan Natl Univ, Chem Inst Funct Mat, Pusan, South Korea. [Jamula, Lindsey; McCusker, James K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gullikson, Eric M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Groot, Frank M. F.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Chem, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Huse, Nils] Univ Hamburg, Max Planck Res Dept Struct Dynam, Hamburg, Germany. [Huse, Nils] Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, Hamburg, Germany. RP Kim, TK (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan, South Korea. EM tkkim@pusan.ac.kr; nils.huse@mpsd.cfel.de RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014; KIM, TAE KYU/A-8737-2016; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Huse, Nils/A-5712-2017 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566; KIM, TAE KYU/0000-0002-9578-5722; Huse, Nils/0000-0002-3281-7600 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division under the Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-01ER15282]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea government [2009-0068446, 2010-0006570, 2007-0056330]; MEST; PAL; Korean XFEL project FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division under the Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (N.H., H. C., and R. W. S.) and Grant No. DE-FG02-01ER15282 (J.K.M.), as well as the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government (Grant No. 2009-0068446, 2010-0006570, and 2007-0056330), MEST, PAL, and the Korean XFEL project (H. C., K. H., and T.K.K.). NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 61 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 157 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1039/c2fd20040f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 011BF UT WOS:000309137600026 PM 23230783 ER PT B AU Savage, SL Holman, G Reeves, KK Seaton, DB McKenzie, DE Su, Y AF Savage, Sabrina L. Holman, Gordon Reeves, Katharine K. Seaton, Daniel B. McKenzie, David E. Su, Yang BE Golub, L DeMoortel, I Shimizu, T TI Current Sheet and Reconnection Inflow-Outflow Observations During Solar Eruptions SO FIFTH HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: EXPLORING THE ACTIVE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Hinode Science Meeting CY OCT 10-15, 2011 CL Cambridge, MA SP NASA, ESA, Luxel Corp, e2v, CMSO ID SUPRA-ARCADE DOWNFLOWS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION; PATCHY RECONNECTION; FLARES; MODEL AB Magnetic reconnection is widely accepted as being associated with energy release during solar flares; however, observations of it have been indirect and/or incomplete. Using the suite of instruments available spanning wavelength space, we provide observations and measurements of both the inputs and outputs predicted from reconnection in the form of inflows preceding outflows (i.e. supra-arcade downflows, supra-arcade downflowing loops, upflows, and disconnection events). We also present evidence for current sheets through which reconnection is expected to occur and discuss current sheet motion during flare progression. C1 [Savage, Sabrina L.; Holman, Gordon; Su, Yang] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reeves, Katharine K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Seaton, Daniel B.] SIDC, Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [McKenzie, David E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Su, Yang] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Savage, SL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-794-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 456 BP 169 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBY15 UT WOS:000308615700036 ER PT J AU Nyyssonen, M Bomberg, M Kapanen, A Nousiainen, A Pitkanen, P Itavaara, M AF Nyyssonen, Mari Bomberg, Malin Kapanen, Anu Nousiainen, Aura Pitkanen, Petteri Itavaara, Merja TI Methanogenic and Sulphate-Reducing Microbial Communities in Deep Groundwater of Crystalline Rock Fractures in Olkiluoto, Finland SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sulphate-reducing bacteria; methanogen; deep subsurface; Fennoscandian shield ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FENNOSCANDIAN SHIELD; METHANE PRODUCTION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; DIVERSITY; ARCHAEA; BACTERIA; SEDIMENTS; SUBSURFACE AB The long-term safety of final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in the deep geosphere is dependent on stability of biogeochemical conditions at the disposal site. Microbial processes, such as sulphate reduction and methanogenesis, may have profound effects on site biogeochemistry. In this study, sulphate-reducing bacteria and methane-producing archaea were investigated at depths ranging from 68 to 545 m in crystalline rock fractures at an intended spent nuclear fuel disposal site in Olkiluoto, Finland. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis detected diverse sulphate-reducing bacterial communities in all samples. Although the number of dsrB gene copies was below 10(3) copies ml(-1) in all analyzed samples according to real-time quantitative PCR, their abundance was highest in samples that had the highest sulphate concentrations. Several distinct mcrA gene fragments were also recovered from most of the analyzed samples by cloning, although the number of methanogens was lower than that of sulphate-reducing bacteria when measured by mcrA-targeted quantitative PCR. The detected gene fragments were most closely related to sequences obtained from aquatic and deep subsurface environments. Results imply that sulphate reduction, methanogenesis, and anaerobic methane oxidation may all take place in the Olkiluoto deep geobiosphere. C1 [Nyyssonen, Mari; Bomberg, Malin; Kapanen, Anu; Nousiainen, Aura; Itavaara, Merja] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Espoo, Finland. [Pitkanen, Petteri] Posiva Oy, Olkiluoto, Eurajoki, Finland. RP Nyyssonen, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjnyyssonen@lbl.gov OI Itavaara, Merja/0000-0002-8384-1424 FU Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Waste Management (KYT); Academy of Finland; Posiva Oy FX This work was funded by the Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Waste Management (KYT), Academy of Finland, and Posiva Oy. We thank Posiva Oy for providing the samples investigated in this study. We are especially grateful to Anne Lehtinen from Posiva Oy for planning the samplings and for her support during the samplings. We thank Marjo Oster for technical assistance and Michael Hardman for language editing. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 10 BP 863 EP 878 DI 10.1080/01490451.2011.635759 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 008TZ UT WOS:000308980800001 ER PT J AU Allen, JE Yager, KG Hlaing, H Nam, CY Ocko, BM Black, CT AF Allen, Jonathan E. Yager, Kevin G. Hlaing, Htay Nam, Chang-Yong Ocko, Benjamin M. Black, Charles T. TI Implementing nanometer-scale confinement in organic semiconductor bulk heterojunction solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE photovoltaic; organic, template; TiO2; atomic layer deposition; solar cell; inverted; self-assembly ID ANODIC ALUMINA; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ORGANIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; MOBILITY; NETWORK; ARRAYS AB We discuss fabrication processes for implementing nanometer scale confinement in an organic bulk heterojunction device architecture, including formation and integration of the confining self-assembled template. Such confinement has a beneficial influence on the electrical properties of blended poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester organic solar cell active layers. Crystallization of the blend upon annealing is inhibited by the confining template, which we understand through analysis of x-ray scattering measurements. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021008] C1 [Allen, Jonathan E.; Yager, Kevin G.; Nam, Chang-Yong; Black, Charles T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hlaing, Htay; Ocko, Benjamin M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hlaing, Htay] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Allen, JE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ctblack@bnl.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Nam, Chang-Yong/D-4193-2009 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Nam, Chang-Yong/0000-0002-9093-4063 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division through the Center for Functional Nanomaterials; National Synchrotron Light Source; Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences; Energy Laborator Research and Development Initiative at Brookhaven National Laboratory FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division through the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, the National Synchrotron Light Source, and the Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences. This work was partially supported by the Energy Laborator Research and Development Initiative at Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PY 2012 VL 2 SI 1 AR 021008 DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021008 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 014GD UT WOS:000309362300008 ER PT J AU Xiao, T Cui, WP Cai, M Liu, R Anderegg, JW Shinar, J Shinar, R AF Xiao, Teng Cui, Weipan Cai, Min Liu, Rui Anderegg, James W. Shinar, Joseph Shinar, Ruth TI Thin air-plasma-treated alkali fluoride layers for improved hole extraction in copper phthalocyanine/C-70-based solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE small-molecule organic solar cells; alkali fluorides; CuPc; hole extraction ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; ELECTRON INJECTION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CONJUGATED POLYMER; TITANIUM-OXIDE; BUFFER LAYER; LIF; FILM; PERFORMANCE AB Alkali fluorides, mostly LiF and CsF, are well-known to improve electron injection/extraction in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). They are also utilized, though to a lesser extent, for hole injection in OLEDs. Here we demonstrate a new role for such fluorides in enhancing OSCs' hole extraction. We show that an ultrathin air-plasma-treated alkali fluoride layer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and the active layer in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C-70-based OSCs increases the short circuit current by up to similar to 17% for cells with LiF and similar to 7% for cells with NaF or CsF. The effects of the fluoride layer thickness and treatment duration were evaluated, as were OSCs with oxidized and plasma-treated Li and UV-ozone treated LiF. Measurements included current voltage, absorption, external quantum efficiency (EQE), atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed the presence of alkali atoms F and O at the treated ITO/fluoride surface. The EQE of optimized devices with LiF increased at wavelengths >560 nm, exceeding the absorption increase. Overall, the results indicate that the improved performance is due largely to enhanced hole extraction, possibly related to improved energy-level alignment at the fluorinated ITO/CuPc interface, reduced OSC series resistance, and in the case of LiF, improved absorption. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021006] C1 [Xiao, Teng; Cui, Weipan; Shinar, Ruth] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Xiao, Teng; Cai, Min; Liu, Rui; Anderegg, James W.; Shinar, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Xiao, Teng; Cui, Weipan; Cai, Min; Liu, Rui; Shinar, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shinar, Ruth] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Xiao, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshinar@iastate.edu RI Cai, Min/A-2678-2014 FU Iowa Power Fund; US Department of Energy (USDOE) [DE-AC 02-07CH11358]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, USDOE FX This work was partially supported by the Iowa Power Fund. Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University for the US Department of Energy (USDOE) under Contract No. DE-AC 02-07CH11358. TX, MC, RL, and JWA were supported by Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, USDOE. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PY 2012 VL 2 SI 1 AR 021006 DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021006 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 014GD UT WOS:000309362300006 ER PT J AU Ye, Z Park, JM Constant, K Kim, TG Ho, KM AF Ye, Zhuo Park, Joong-Mok Constant, Kristen Kim, Tae-Geun Ho, Kai-Ming TI Photonic crystal: energy-related applications SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE photonic bandgap materials; soft lithography; solar cells; light-emitting devices ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES; EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; COUPLING EFFICIENCY; THERMAL-RADIATION; METAL-ELECTRODES; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; BANDGAP CRYSTALS AB We review recent work on photonic-crystal fabrication using soft-lithography techniques. We consider applications of the resulting structures in energy-related areas such as lighting and solar-energy harvesting. In general, our aim is to introduce the reader to the concepts of photonic crystals, describe their history, development, and fabrication techniques and discuss a selection of energy-related applications. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021012] C1 [Ye, Zhuo; Park, Joong-Mok; Constant, Kristen; Ho, Kai-Ming] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ye, Zhuo; Park, Joong-Mok; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Constant, Kristen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kim, Tae-Geun] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Ye, Z (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zye@iastate.edu; kmh@cmpgroup.ameslab.gov RI Ye, Zhuo/H-4027-2011; Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Zhuo Ye thanks S. Chaudhary for discussions on OPVs. This work is supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University for the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PY 2012 VL 2 SI 1 AR 021012 DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021012 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 014GD UT WOS:000309362300012 ER PT J AU Shankaran, H Zhang, Y Chrisler, WB Ewald, JA Wiley, HS Resat, H AF Shankaran, Harish Zhang, Yi Chrisler, William B. Ewald, Jonathan A. Wiley, H. Steven Resat, Haluk TI Integrated experimental and model-based analysis reveals the spatial aspects of EGFR activation dynamics SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ERBB SIGNALING NETWORK; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; PHOSPHORYLATION DYNAMICS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; HER2 LEVELS; CANCER; DIMERIZATION; ENDOCYTOSIS AB The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and controls a diverse set of cellular responses relevant to development and tumorigenesis. ErbB activation is a complex process involving receptor-ligand binding, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation, and trafficking (internalization, recycling and degradation), which together dictate the spatio-temporal distribution of active receptors within the cell. The ability to predict this distribution, and elucidation of the factors regulating it, would help to establish a mechanistic link between ErbB expression levels and the cellular response. Towards this end, we constructed mathematical models to determine the contributions of receptor dimerization and phosphorylation to EGFR activation, and to examine the dependence of these processes on sub-cellular location. We collected experimental datasets for EGFR activation dynamics in human mammary epithelial cells, with the specific goal of model parameterization, and used the data to estimate parameters for several alternate models. Model-based analysis indicated that: (1) signal termination via receptor dephosphorylation in late endosomes, prior to degradation, is an important component of the response, (2) less than 40% of the receptors in the cell are phosphorylated at any given time, even at saturating ligand doses, and (3) receptor phosphorylation kinetics at the cell surface and early endosomes are comparable. We validated the last finding by measuring the EGFR dephosphorylation rates at various times following ligand addition both in whole cells and in endosomes using ELISAs and fluorescent imaging. Overall, our results provide important information on how EGFR phosphorylation levels are regulated within cells. This study demonstrates that an iterative cycle of experiments and modeling can be used to gain mechanistic insight regarding complex cell signaling networks. C1 [Shankaran, Harish; Zhang, Yi; Resat, Haluk] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Chrisler, William B.; Ewald, Jonathan A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wiley, H. Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, POB 999,MS J4-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM haluk.resat@pnnl.gov OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 FU National Institutes of Health Grant [5R01GM072821-06]; Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX The research described in this paper was funded by the National Institutes of Health Grant 5R01GM072821-06 to H.R. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 11 BP 2868 EP 2882 DI 10.1039/c2mb25190f PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 015YC UT WOS:000309481300009 PM 22952062 ER PT J AU Zhou, CZ Su, JJ Graf, MJ Reichhardt, C Balatsky, AV Beyerlein, IJ AF Zhou, Caizhi Su, Jung-jung Graf, Matthias J. Reichhardt, Charles Balatsky, Alexander V. Beyerlein, Irene J. TI Dislocation-induced anomalous softening of solid helium SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dislocation dynamics; plasticity; solid He-4; superfluidity ID HCP HE-4; SHEAR MODULUS; SUPERSOLIDITY; CRYSTALS AB The classical motion of gliding dislocation lines in slip planes of crystalline solid helium leads to plastic deformation even at temperatures far below the Debye temperature and can affect elastic properties. In this work we propose that the gliding of dislocations and plasticity may be the origin of many observed elastic anomalies in solid 4 He, which have been argued to be connected to supersolidity. We present a dislocation motion model that describes the stress-strain tau-epsilon curves and work-hardening rate d tau/d epsilon of a shear experiment performed at constant strain rate (epsilon) over dot in solid helium. The calculated d tau/d epsilon exhibits strong softening with increasing temperature owing to the motion of dislocations, which mimics anomalous softening of the elastic shear modulus mu. In the same temperature region the motion of dislocations causes dissipation with a prominent peak. C1 [Zhou, Caizhi; Su, Jung-jung; Graf, Matthias J.; Reichhardt, Charles; Balatsky, Alexander V.; Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhou, Caizhi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Su, Jung-jung; Balatsky, Alexander V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhou, CZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM czhou@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 FU U.S. DOE at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Center for Nonlinear Studies, Statistical Physics Beyond Equilibrium Project from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Office FX We acknowledge discussions with J. Beamish and C.J. Olson-Reichhardt. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES). C.Z. acknowledges support provided by the Center for Nonlinear Studies, Statistical Physics Beyond Equilibrium Project from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Office. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 11 BP 608 EP 616 DI 10.1080/09500839.2012.704415 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 016MB UT WOS:000309521500004 ER PT S AU Bucknall, DG Bernardo, G Shofner, ML Nabankur, D Raghavan, D Sumpter, BG Sides, S Huq, A Karim, A AF Bucknall, David G. Bernardo, Gabriel Shofner, Meisha L. Nabankur, Deb Raghavan, Dharmaraj Sumpter, Bobby G. Sides, Scott Huq, Abul Karim, Alamgir BE Boudenne, A TI Phase-Morphology and Molecular Structure Correlations in Model Fullerene-Polymer Nanocomposites SO POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS: FROM MACRO, MICRO TO NANOSCALE SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphase Polymers and Polymer Composites Systems: Macro to Nano Scales CY JUN 07-10, 2011 CL Paris, FRANCE SP European Cooperat Sci Technol, Univ Paris Est Creteil Val Marne, Conseil Gen Val Marne DE Fullerene; Neutron & x-ray scattering; Differential Scanning Calorimetry; Molecular Modelling ID BLENDS; CELLS AB In this work we have performed a systematic study of blends of [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with the following amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers: atactic polystyrene (PS), syndiotactic polystyrene (syn-PS), poly(2-vinyl-naphthalene) (P2VN), poly(9-vinyl-phenanthrene) (P9VPh), poly(vinylidene-fluoride) (PVdF) and poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (P3HT). Experimental measurements using DSC, x-ray and neutron scattering coupled with molecular modeling (MD and DFT) have been utilized to determine the solubility and phase morphology of these model polymer-fullerene blends. C1 [Bucknall, David G.; Shofner, Meisha L.; Nabankur, Deb] Georgia Inst Technol, MSE, 801 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bernardo, Gabriel] Univ Minho, Inst Polym & Compos, I3N, Guimaraes 4800-058, Portugal. [Raghavan, Dharmaraj] Howard Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Sumpter, Bobby G.] CNMS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sides, Scott] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Huq, Abul; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Bucknall, DG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, MSE, 801 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bucknall@gatech.edu; gabriel.bernardo@dep.uminho.pt; meisha.shofner@mse.gatech.edu; ndeb3@gatech.edu; draghavan@Howard.edu; sumpterbg@ornl.gov; swsides@txcorp.com; afh6@zips.uakron.edu; alamgir@uakron.edu RI Bernardo, Gabriel/B-8336-2009; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Bucknall, David/F-7568-2016 OI Bernardo, Gabriel/0000-0001-7392-4915; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Bucknall, David/0000-0003-4558-6933 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 24 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 714 BP 63 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.714.63 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Polymer Science SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Polymer Science GA BBZ84 UT WOS:000309245700009 ER PT J AU Groat, MM Edwards, B Horey, J He, WB Forrest, S AF Groat, Michael M. Edwards, Benjamin Horey, James He, Wenbo Forrest, Stephanie GP IEEE TI Enhancing Privacy in Participatory Sensing Applications with Multidimensional Data SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS (PERCOM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom) CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Univ Appl Sci & Arts So Switzerland (SUPSI), Lugano, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Texas Arlington (UTA), Univ Lugano, Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), European off Aerosp Res & Dev (EOARD), NOKIA, IBM HO Univ Appl Sci & Arts So Switzerland (SUPSI) DE multidimensional data; negative surveys; privacy protection; participatory sensing applications ID RANDOMIZED-RESPONSE AB Participatory sensing applications rely on individuals to share local and personal data with others to produce aggregated models and knowledge. In this setting, privacy is an important consideration, and lack of privacy could discourage widespread adoption of many exciting applications. We present a privacy-preserving participatory sensing scheme for multidimensional data which uses negative surveys. Multidimensional data, such as vectors of attributes that include location and environment fields, are challenging for privacy protection and are common in participatory sensing applications. When reporting data in a negative survey, an individual participant randomly selects a value from the set complement of the sensed data value, once for each dimension, and returns the negative values to a central collection server. Using algorithms described in this paper, the server can reconstruct the probability density functions of the original distributions of sensed values, without knowing the participants' actual data. Our algorithms avoid computationally expensive encryption and key management schemes, conserving energy. We study trade-offs between accuracy and privacy, and their relationships to the number of dimensions, categories, and participants. We introduce dimensional adjustment, a method that reduces the magnification of error associated with earlier work. Two simulation scenarios illustrate how the approach can protect the privacy of a participant's multidimensional data while allowing useful aggregate information to be collected. C1 [Groat, Michael M.; Edwards, Benjamin; Forrest, Stephanie] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Horey, James] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [He, Wenbo] McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Groat, MM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU Motorola, Inc,; Eli Lilly and Company; NSF [HRD-0622930, CCF-0621900, CCR-0331580, SHF-0905236]; DOE NNSA [DE-FG52-06NA27494]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-07-1-0532]; DARPA [1070-113237] FX The authors thank Rammohan, Williams, and Esponda for their suggestions, insights, and ideas. MG acknowledges support from Motorola, Inc, Eli Lilly and Company, and NSF grant HRD-0622930; WH acknowledges support from DOE NNSA grant DE-FG52-06NA27494; SF acknowledges the partial support of NSF (grants CCF-0621900, CCR-0331580, SHF-0905236), AFOSR MURI grant FA9550-07-1-0532, and DARPA grant P-1070-113237. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0258-6 PY 2012 BP 144 EP 152 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ11 UT WOS:000309103700020 ER PT S AU Roberts, CD AF Roberts, C. D. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Opportunities and Challenges for Theory in the N* program SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE Baryon and meson spectra; Baryon transition form factors; Confinement; Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking ID QCD AB The N*-program provides a path to understanding the essentially-nonperturbative fundamentals at the heart of the Standard Model: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Relating this data to QCD's basic degrees-of-freedom is a key challenge for theory. In tackling it, one steps immediately into the domain of relativistic quantum field theory where within the key phenomena can only be understood via nonperturbative methods. No one tool is yet fully equal to the challenge. Nonetheless, the last few years have seen significant progress in QCD-based theory, and the reaction models necessary to bridge the gap between that theory and experiment. C1 [Roberts, C. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1063/1.3701183 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500001 ER PT S AU Edwards, RG Dudek, JJ Richards, DG Wallace, SJ AF Edwards, R. G. Dudek, J. J. Richards, D. G. Wallace, S. J. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Baryon spectroscopy in lattice QCD with spin identification SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE Nucleon; Delta; excited states; spin identification AB Lattice QCD calculations are presented for the spectra of N* excited states with spins up to J = 7/2. The lattice operators and analysis methods used to identify the continuum spins in the lattice calculations are reviewed. In simulations with m(pi) >= 392 MeV, the low-lying excited states of lattice QCD are found to have the same quantum numbers as the states of SU(6) circle times O(3) symmetry. The lattice spectra are inconsistent with either a quark-diquark model or parity doubling of states. C1 [Edwards, R. G.; Dudek, J. J.; Richards, D. G.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Wallace, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Edwards, RG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM edwards@jlab.org; dgr@jlab.org; stevewal@physics.umd.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-93ER-40762, DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Science Associates, LLC; Jefferson Laboratory FX We thank our colleagues within the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration. We also acknowledge illuminating discussions with Simon Capstick and Winston Roberts. Chroma [4] and QUDA [5, 6] were used to perform this work on clusters at Jefferson Laboratory under the USQCD Initiative and the LQCD ARRA project. SJW acknowledges support from U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-FG02-93ER-40762. RGE, JJD and DGR acknowledge support from U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC,manages and operates Jefferson Laboratory. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1063/1.3701185 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500003 ER PT S AU D'Angelo, A Ardashev, K Bade, C Bartalini, O Bellini, V Blecher, M Bocquet, JP Capogni, M Caracappa, A Casano, LE Castoldi, M Di Salvo, R Fantini, A Franco, D Gervino, G Ghio, F Giardina, G Gibson, C Girolami, B Giusa, A Glukler, H Hicks, K Hoblit, S Honig, A Kageya, T Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Kizilgul, S Kucuker, S Lapik, A Lehmann, A Sandri, PL Lieres, A Lowry, M Lucas, M Mahon, J Mammoliti, F Mandaglio, G Manganaro, M Miceli, L Moricciani, D Mushkarenkov, A Nedorezov, V Norum, B Pap, M Preedom, B Seyfarth, H Randieri, C Rebreyend, D Rudnev, N Russo, G Sandorfi, A Schaerf, C Sperduto, ML Stroher, H Sutera, MC Thorn, CE Turinge, A Vegna, V Whisnant, CS Wang, K Wei, X AF D'Angelo, A. Ardashev, K. Bade, C. Bartalini, O. Bellini, V. Blecher, M. Bocquet, J. -P. Capogni, M. Caracappa, A. Casano, L. E. Castoldi, M. Di Salvo, R. Fantini, A. Franco, D. Gervino, G. Ghio, F. Giardina, G. Gibson, C. Girolami, B. Giusa, A. Gluekler, H. Hicks, K. Hoblit, S. Honig, A. Kageya, T. Khandaker, M. Kistner, O. C. Kizilgul, S. Kucuker, S. Lapik, A. Lehmann, A. Sandri, P. Levi Lieres, A. Lowry, M. Lucas, M. Mahon, J. Mammoliti, F. Mandaglio, G. Manganaro, M. Miceli, L. Moricciani, D. Mushkarenkov, A. Nedorezov, V. Norum, B. Pap, M. Preedom, B. Seyfarth, H. Randieri, C. Rebreyend, D. Rudnev, N. Russo, G. Sandorfi, A. Schaerf, C. Sperduto, M. -L. Stroher, H. Sutera, M. -C. Thorn, C. E. Turinge, A. Vegna, V. Whisnant, C. S. Wang, K. Wei, X. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Results from polarized experiments at LEGS and GRAAL SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE Photoreactions; polarized photon beams; polarized targets ID SIGMA-BEAM ASYMMETRY; NUCLEONIC RESONANCE EXCITATIONS; POSITIVE PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; BARYON RESONANCES; MESON PHOTOPRODUCTION; PRECISE MEASUREMENT; GAMMA-P; N-PI; PROTON; DECAYS AB Compton backscattering gamma ray beams are characterized by a high degree of linear and circular polarization with low unpolarized backgrounds and have proven to provide very precise measurements of polarization observables. Latest results from LEGS and GRAAL experiments on proton and deuteron targets are presented. The Sigma beam asymmetry for omega photoproduction has been measured by the GRAAL collaboration for both the omega -> pi(0)gamma and the omega -> pi(+)pi(+)pi(0) decay channels on the proton target; single and double polarization asymmetries have been provided also for the K photoproduction channel. E and G double polarization asymmetries for single pion photoproduction on the proton and deuteron have been measured at LEGS using a frozen spin HD target. C1 [D'Angelo, A.; Bartalini, O.; Capogni, M.; Fantini, A.; Franco, D.; Schaerf, C.; Vegna, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dip Fis, Via Ricerca Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Di Salvo, R.] Ricerca Sci, INFN Sezione Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ardashev, K.; Hoblit, S.; Kucuker, S.; Norum, B.; Wang, K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Ardashev, K.; Preedom, B.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bade, C.; Hicks, K.; Kizilgul, S.; Lucas, M.; Mahon, J.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bellini, V.; Giusa, A.; Mammoliti, F.; Sperduto, M. -L.; Sutera, M. -C.] Univ Catania, Dip Fisica, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Bellini, V.] INFN Lab Nazl Sud, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Blecher, M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bocquet, J. -P.; Lieres, A.; Rebreyend, D.] IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatomique Cosmol, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Capogni, M.] ENEA CR Casaccia, I-00060 Rome, Italy. [Caracappa, A.; Hoblit, S.; Lowry, M.; Miceli, L.; Thorn, C. E.; Wei, X.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Castoldi, M.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Franco, D.] Univ Bern, Albert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, LHEP, Bern, Switzerland. [Gervino, G.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Ghio, F.] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Ghio, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Giardina, G.; Mandaglio, G.; Manganaro, M.] Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis, I-98166 Messina, Italy. [Giardina, G.; Giusa, A.; Mammoliti, F.; Mandaglio, G.; Manganaro, M.; Sperduto, M. -L.; Sutera, M. -C.] INFN Sezione Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Gluekler, H.; Stroher, H.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Honig, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Kageya, T.; Khandaker, M.; Lowry, M.; Sandorfi, A.; Wei, X.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Khandaker, M.] Norfolk State Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Lapik, A.; Mushkarenkov, A.; Nedorezov, V.; Rudnev, N.; Turinge, A.] Nucl Res Inst, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Sandri, P. Levi] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Whisnant, C. S.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP D'Angelo, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dip Fis, Via Ricerca Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM annalisa@jlab.org; kageya@jlab.org; sandorfi@JLab.org; Schaerf@roma2.infn.it; h.stroeher@fz-juelich.de; xwei@jlab.org RI Mandaglio, Giuseppe/J-9025-2015; Giusa, Antonio/G-5508-2012; Fantini, Alessia/J-2478-2012; moricciani, dario/C-5002-2014; GHIO, FRANCESCO/F-2092-2015; Sperduto, Maria Leda/K-2310-2015; D'Angelo, Annalisa/A-2439-2012; Manganaro, Marina/B-7657-2011; BELLINI, Vincenzo/B-1239-2012; OI Mandaglio, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4486-4807; Randieri, Cristian/0000-0001-5300-3561; Giusa, Antonio/0000-0002-5142-0043; Fantini, Alessia/0000-0002-4643-4731; moricciani, dario/0000-0002-1737-8857; Sperduto, Maria Leda/0000-0003-0290-7397; D'Angelo, Annalisa/0000-0003-3050-4907; Manganaro, Marina/0000-0003-1530-3031; BELLINI, Vincenzo/0000-0001-6906-7463; Levi Sandri, Paolo/0000-0002-0069-2399; Di Salvo, Rachele/0000-0002-2162-714X NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1063/1.3701189 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500007 ER PT S AU Aznauryan, IG Burkert, VD Mokeev, VI AF Aznauryan, I. G. Burkert, V. D. Mokeev, V. I. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Nucleon Resonance Electrocouplings from the CLAS Meson Electroproduction Data SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE nucleon resonance structure; meson electroproduction; electromagnetic form factors ID ISOBAR MODEL AB Transition helicity amplitudes gamma nu NN* (electrocouplings) were determined for prominent excited proton states with masses below 1.8 GeV in independent analyses of major meson electroproduction channels: pi(+)n, pi(0)p and pi(+)pi(-)p. Consistent results on resonance electrocouplings obtained from analyses of these exclusive reactions with different non-resonant contributions demonstrate reliable extraction of these fundamental quantities for states that have significant decays for either N pi or N pi pi channels. Preliminary results on electrocouplings of N* states with masses above 1.6 GeV have become available from the CLAS data on pi(+)pi(-) p electroproduction off protons for the first time. Comparison with quark models and coupled-channel approaches strongly suggest that N* structure is determined by contributions from an internal core of three constituent quarks and an external meson-baryon cloud at the distances covered in these measurements with the CLAS detector. C1 [Aznauryan, I. G.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Burkert, V. D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Mokeev, V. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 1198899, Russia. RP Aznauryan, IG (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. EM burkert@jlab.org; mokeev@jlab.org FU U.S. Department of Energy; Russian Federation Government [02.740.11.0242]; Department of Education and Science of Republic of Armenia [11-1C015]; Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics and Physics Department at Moscow State University; Yerevan Physics Institute (Armenia); Jefferson Science Associates, LLC; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-060R23177] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Russian Federation Government Grant 02.740.11.0242, 07.07.2009, and the Department of Education and Science of Republic of Armenia Grant-11-1C015, the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics and Physics Department at Moscow State University, Yerevan Physics Institute (Armenia). Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates Jefferson Lab under U.S. DOE contract DE-AC05-060R23177 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1063/1.3701191 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500009 ER PT S AU Kamano, H Lee, TSH AF Kamano, H. Lee, T. -S. H. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI EBAC-DCC Analysis of World Data of pi N, gamma N, and N (e, e ') Reactions SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE Nucleon resonance analysis AB The development, results, and prospect of the Dynamical Coupled-Channels analysis at Excited Baryon Analysis Center (EBAC-DCC) are reported. C1 [Kamano, H.] Osaka City Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5588585, Japan. [Kamano, H.; Lee, T. -S. H.] Excited Baryon Anal Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Lee, T. -S. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kamano, H (reprint author), Osaka City Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5588585, Japan. EM hkamano@jlab.org; Lee@phy.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DEAC05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Lab; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank to B. Julia-Diaz, A. Matsuyama, S. X. Nakamura, T. Sato, and N. Suzuki for their collaboration at EBAC. TSHL would like to thank A. W. Thomas for his strong support to the development of EBAC project and his many constructive discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics Division, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and Contract No. DEAC05-06OR23177 under which Jefferson Science Associates operates the Jefferson Lab. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, resources provided on Fusion, a 320-node computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory, and resources of Barcelona Sucpercomputing Center (BSC/CNS). NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1063/1.3701192 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500010 ER PT S AU Pennington, MR AF Pennington, M. R. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Exciting Baryons: now and in the future SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE Baryons; spectrum; decays; coupled channels; mesons; QCD ID HADRONIC MOLECULES; MODEL; MESONS; DECAYS; X(3872); SEARCH; REGION; STATES AB This is the final talk of NSTAR2011 conference. It is not a summary talk, but rather a looking forward to what still needs to be done in excited baryon physics. In particular, we need to hone our tools connecting experimental inputs with QCD. At present we rely on models that often have doubtful connections with the underlying theory, and this needs to be dramatically improved, if we are to reach definitive conclusions about the relevant degrees of freedom of excited baryons. Conclusions that we want to have by NSTAR2021. C1 Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23609 USA. RP Pennington, MR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23609 USA. EM michaelp@jlab.org NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1063/1.3701208 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500026 ER PT S AU Jones, MK AF Jones, M. K. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI eta Production at High Q(2) SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE eta production; baryon resonances; transition form factors ID ELECTROPRODUCTION AB The differential cross-sections for the p(e,e'p)eta reaction have been measured in Hall C at Jefferson Lab at Q(2) = 5.7 and 7.0 (GeV/c)(2) for center-of-mass energies from threshold to 1.8 GeV, encompassing the S-11 (1535) resonance, which dominates the reaction. From fits to the data, the S-11(1535) helicity conserving photo-coupling amplitude, A(1/2), was extracted. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jones, MK (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM jones@jlab.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 192 EP 194 DI 10.1063/1.3701210 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500028 ER PT S AU Carman, DS AF Carman, Daniel S. CA CLAS Collaboration BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Strangeness Electroproduction on the Nucleon at CLAS SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE Strangeness; Electroproduction; Nucleon Resonances ID LAMBDA AB High-precision measurements of strange particle production from both proton and neutron targets are a core part of the physics program with the CL AS spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory. Measurements have been carried out at beam energies up to 6 GeV in experiments with polarized beams and polarized targets. This talk will focus on the electroproduction measurements that have been completed, which include cross sections and hyperon polarization observables for K+Y (Y = Lambda,Sigma(0)) final states over a broad kinematic range in momentum transfer Q(2) and invariant energy W, while spanning nearly the full kaon center-of-mass angular range. These data in the strangeness sector are necessary to better understand the different production mechanisms for A and hyperons and to disentangle the different resonant and non-resonant amplitudes in the intermediate state. The usefulness of the CLAS electroproduction data as part of a coupled-channel model fit will be discussed as well as an outlook of this program for the future. C1 [Carman, Daniel S.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carman, DS (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM carman@jlab.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1063/1.3701211 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500029 ER PT S AU Park, KJ AF Park, Kijun BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Measurement of cross sections of p(e, e 'pi(+))n for near pion threshold and high-lying resonances at high Q(2) SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE cross section; exclusive pion electro-production; near pion threshold; high-lying resonances; high Q(2) AB During the last decade, remarkable experimental data have been collacted in an extensive programs to study the excitation of nucleon resonance (N*) at Jefferson Laboratory through pion-electroproduction using polarized electron beam and unpolarized proton target. The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) is well suited for the study of a broad range of kinematics in the invariant mass W and photon virtuality Q(2) with nearly complete angular coverage for the hadronic decays. Electron scattering allows us to probe the effective degrees of freedom in excited nucleon states from meson-baryon to dressed quarks in terms of varying the distance scale. The study of nucleon structure allows us to understand these effective degrees of freedom. In this proceeding, I present preliminary cross sections for single pion production in mass range of high-lying resonances as well as near the pion threshold. Analysis of N pi(+) cross sections together with N pi(0) and N pi pi exclusive electroproduction data, will allow us for the first time to determine electrocouplings of several high-lying excited proton states (W >= 1.6 GeV) at photon virtualities that correspond to the transition toward the dominance of quark degrees of freedom. I also present preliminary result on the E0+ multipole near pion threshold at 2.0 GeV2 <= Q(2) <= 4.5 GeV2 using exclusive N pi(+) electroproduction data. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Park, KJ (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM parkkj@jlab.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1063/1.3701214 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500032 ER PT S AU Sandorfi, AM Dey, B Sarantsev, A Tiator, L Workman, R AF Sandorfi, A. M. Dey, B. Sarantsev, A. Tiator, L. Workman, R. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI A Rosetta Stone Relating Conventions In Photo-Meson Partial Wave Analyses SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE meson photo-production; partial wave analysis; polarization asymmetries AB A new generation of complete experiments in pseudoscalar meson photo-production is being pursued at several laboratories. While new data are emerging, there is some confusion regarding definitions of asymmetries and the conventions used in partial wave analyses (PWA). We present expressions for constructing asymmetries as coordinate-system independent ratios of cross sections, along with the names used for these ratios by different PWA groups. C1 [Sandorfi, A. M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Dey, B.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sarantsev, A.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Tiator, L.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Workman, R.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Sandorfi, AM (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM sandorfi@JLab.org; biplabd@andrew.cmu.edu; andsar@hiskp.uni-bonn.de; tiator@kph.uni-mainz.de; rworkman@gwu.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-87ER-40315, DE-FG02-99ER41110]; Office of Nuclear Physics Division [DE-AC-05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Science Associates operste Jefferson Laboratory; Deutsche Forschungsgeminschaft(DFG) FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics Division, under contract no. DE-AC-05-06OR23177 under which Jefferson Science Associates operste Jefferson Laboratory, and also by US Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-87ER-40315 and DE-FG02-99ER41110. Support has also been provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgeminschaft(DFG). NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1063/1.3701216 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500034 ER PT S AU Hoblit, S Sandorfi, AM Kamano, H Lee, TSH AF Hoblit, S. Sandorfi, A. M. Kamano, H. Lee, T-S. H. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Uncertainties in model-independent extractions of amplitudes from complete experiments SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE complete experiments; pseudoscalar meson; photo-production; multipoles AB A new generation of over-complete experiments is underway, with the goal of performing a high precision extraction of pseudoscalar meson photo-production amplitudes. Such experimentally determined amplitudes can be used both as a test to validate models and as a starting point for an analytic continuation in the complex plane to search for poles. Of crucial importance for both is the level of uncertainty in the extracted multipoles. We have probed these uncertainties by analyses of pseudo-data for K Lambda photoproduction, first for the set of 8 observables that have been published for the K+Lambda channel and then for pseudo-data on a complete set of 16 observables with the uncertainties expected from analyses of ongoing CLAS experiments. In fitting multipoles, we have used a combined Monte Carlo sampling of the amplitude space, with gradient minimization, and have found a shallow chi(2) valley pitted with a large number of local minima. This results in bands of solutions that are experimentally indistinguishable. All ongoing experiments will measure observables with limited statistics. We have found a dependence on the particular random choice of values of Gaussian distributed pseudo-data, due to the presence of multiple local minima. This results in actual uncertainties for reconstructed multipoles that are often considerable larger than those returned by gradient minimization routines such as Minuit which find a single local minimum. As intuitively expected, this additional level of uncertainty decreases as larger numbers of observables are included. C1 [Hoblit, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sandorfi, A. M.; Kamano, H.; Lee, T-S. H.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Lee, T-S. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hoblit, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hoblit@bnl.gov; sandorfi@JLab.org; hkamano@jlab.org; Lee@phy.anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1063/1.3701219 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500037 ER PT S AU McAndrew, J Watts, D Pasyuk, E AF McAndrew, J. Watts, D. Pasyuk, E. CA CLAS Collaboration BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Measurement of the G Double-Polarisation Observable in Pion Photoproduction SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE photonuclear; double-polarisation observable AB The g9a experiment using the CLAS detector in Hall B of Jefferson Lab will measure double-polarisation observables using a polarised energy-tagged photon beam in conjunction with the frozen spin target, FROST. This contribution describes the extraction of the G double polarisation observable in the single pion photoproduction using a linearly polarised photon beam in the energy range 730-2300 MeV and the longitudinally polarised frozen spin target, FROST. C1 [McAndrew, J.; Watts, D.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [McAndrew, J.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Pasyuk, E.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP McAndrew, J (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM mcandrew@jlab.org; pasyuk@jlab.org FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Science and Technology Funding Council (UK); U.S. Department of Energy [DE- AC05-84ER40150] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation and the Science and Technology Funding Council (UK). Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE- AC05-84ER40150. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1063/1.3701232 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500050 ER PT S AU Roberts, CD Cloet, IC Chang, L Roberts, HLL AF Roberts, C. D. Cloet, I. C. Chang, L. Roberts, H. L. L. BE Burkert, V Jones, M Pennington, M Richards, D TI Dressed-quarks and the Roper resonance SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR 2011) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR) CY MAY 17-20, 2011 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab) DE Baryon and meson spectra; Baryon transition form factors; Confinement; Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; Dyson-Schwinger equations ID QCD AB A Dyson-Schwinger equation calculation of the light hadron spectrum, which correlates the masses of meson and baryon ground- and excited-states within a single framework, produces a description of the Roper resonance that corresponds closely with conclusions drawn recently by EBAC. Namely, the Roper is a particular type of radial excitation of the nucleon's dressed-quark core augmented by a material meson cloud component. There are, in addition, some surprises. C1 [Roberts, C. D.; Chang, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Roberts, C. D.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Roberts, C. D.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Roberts, C. D.] Peking Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Roberts, C. D.] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nuclear Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Cloet, I. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roberts, H. L. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov; icloet@uw.edu FU Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Physics [DEFG03-97ER4014, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with S. M. Schmidt and financial support from the Workshop. Work supported by: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH; and U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, contract nos. DEFG03-97ER4014 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1018-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1432 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.1063/1.3701237 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBO00 UT WOS:000307647500055 ER PT B AU Cardall, CY Endeve, E Budiardja, RD Marronetti, P Mezzacappa, A AF Cardall, C. Y. Endeve, E. Budiardja, R. D. Marronetti, P. Mezzacappa, A. BE CapuzzoDolcetta, R Limongi, M Tornambe, A TI Towards the Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS: METHODS, TOOLS AND OUTCOMES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Computational Astrophysics - Methods, Tools, and Outcomes CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP European Sci Fdn, Giancarlo Ruocco, Emanuele Giallongo ID ACCRETION-SHOCK INSTABILITY; CODE AB Core-collapse supernovae are amazing displays of astrophysical fireworks - and the optical emission is only a tiny part of the story. These events involve virtually all branches of physics and spawn phenomena observable by every kind of astronomical observation. This richness of theory and observation presents a formidable challenge to their understanding via computer simulations, but we are entering a new era of realism and maturity in modeling the key processes of collapse and explosion. C1 [Cardall, C. Y.; Endeve, E.; Mezzacappa, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Budiardja, R. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Marronetti, P.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Cardall, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 FU Office of Nuclear Physics; DOE; Office of Advanced Scientic Computing Research FX Support from the Office of Nuclear Physics, DOE, and the Office of Advanced Scientic Computing Research, DOE, is gratefully acknowledged. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for the DOE. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-788-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 453 BP 81 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBY35 UT WOS:000308675400013 ER PT B AU Khokhlov, A Dominguez, I Bacon, C Clifford, B Baron, E Hoeflich, P Krisciunas, K Suntzeff, N Wane, L AF Khokhlov, A. Dominguez, I. Bacon, C. Clifford, B. Baron, E. Hoeflich, P. Krisciunas, K. Suntzeff, N. Wane, L. BE CapuzzoDolcetta, R Limongi, M Tornambe, A TI Three-dimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Detonation with alpha-Network: Numerical Method and Preliminary Results SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS: METHODS, TOOLS AND OUTCOMES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Computational Astrophysics - Methods, Tools, and Outcomes CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP European Sci Fdn, Giancarlo Ruocco, Emanuele Giallongo ID IA SUPERNOVAE AB We describe a new astrophysical version of a cell-based adaptive mesh refinement code ALLA for reactive flow fluid dynamic simulations, including a new implementation of alpha-network nuclear kinetics, and present preliminary results of first three-dimensional simulations of incomplete carbon-oxygen detonation in Type Ia Supernovae. C1 [Khokhlov, A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dominguez, I.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teorica & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Bacon, C.] Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Clifford, B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Baron, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hoeflich, P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Krisciunas, K.; Suntzeff, N.; Wane, L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Khokhlov, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU NSF [AST0709181, AST-0707704, AST-0708855]; Spanish Ministry for Education [AST-0708873, TG-AST090074]; National Plan [I+D+I 2008-3011]; Spanish Ministry for Science [AYA2008-04211-C02-02]; DOE Office of Science [DE-SC0002594]; Argonne Leadership Computing Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work was carried out within the NSF project Collaborative research: Three- Dimensional Simulations of Type Ia Supernovae: Constraining Models with Observations, supported by the NSF grants AST0709181, AST-0707704, AST-0708855(A.K.), AST-0708873, and TG-AST090074. I.D. was supported by the Spanish Ministry for Education Mobility Programme within the framework of the National Plan I+D+I 2008-3011, and Spanish Ministry for Science an Innovation project AYA2008-04211-C02-02. The authors are grateful for additional support through the DOE Office of Science contract DE-SC0002594, and the resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility under DE-AC02-06CH11357. A.K. thanks Stephane Blondin and Luc Dessard for numerous discussions. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-788-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 453 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBY35 UT WOS:000308675400017 ER PT B AU Chen, KJ Heger, A Almgren, A AF Chen, K. J. Heger, A. Almgren, A. BE CapuzzoDolcetta, R Limongi, M Tornambe, A TI Multidimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Supernovae from the First Stars SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS: METHODS, TOOLS AND OUTCOMES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Computational Astrophysics - Methods, Tools, and Outcomes CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Cefalu, ITALY SP European Sci Fdn, Giancarlo Ruocco, Emanuele Giallongo ID POPULATION III; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; BINARIES AB Theoretical models suggest that the first stars in the universe could have been very massive, with typical masses greater than or similar to 100 M-circle dot. Many of them might have died as energetic thermonuclear explosions known as pair-instability supernovae (PSNe). We present multidimensional numerical simulations of PSNe with the new radiation-hydrodynamics code CASTRO. Our models capture all explosive burning and follow the explosion until the shock breaks out from the stellar surface. We find that fluid instabilities driven by oxygen and helium burning arise at the upper and lower boundaries of the oxygen shell similar to 20 - 100 sec after the explosion begins. Later, when the shock reaches the hydrogen envelope a strong reverse shock forms that rapidly develops additional Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. In red supergiant progenitors, the amplitudes of these instabilities are sufficient to mix the supernova's ejecta and alter its observational signature. Our results provide useful predictions for the detection of PSNe by forthcoming telescopes. C1 [Chen, K. J.; Heger, A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Almgren, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. FU DOE SciDAC [DOE-FC02-01ER41176, DOE-FC02-06ER41438, DE-FC02- 09ER4161] FX 1This work has been supported by the DOE SciDAC program under grants DOE-FC02-01ER41176, DOE-FC02-06ER41438, and DE-FC02- 09ER4161. We are also grateful for resources from the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-788-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 453 BP 115 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBY35 UT WOS:000308675400018 ER PT J AU Kang, SJ Kim, JB Chiu, CY Ahn, S Schiros, T Lee, SS Yager, KG Toney, MF Loo, YL Nuckolls, C AF Kang, Seok Ju Kim, Jong Bok Chiu, Chien-Yang Ahn, Seokhoon Schiros, Theanne Lee, Stephanie S. Yager, Kevin G. Toney, Michael F. Loo, Yueh-Lin Nuckolls, Colin TI A Supramolecular Complex in Small-Molecule Solar Cells based on Contorted Aromatic Molecules SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE fullerenes; molecular electronics; organic semiconductors; organic solar cells; supramolecular chemistry ID NANOSCALE PHASE-SEPARATION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; EFFICIENCY; CRYSTALS; ORIGIN C1 [Kang, Seok Ju; Chiu, Chien-Yang; Ahn, Seokhoon; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kim, Jong Bok; Lee, Stephanie S.; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schiros, Theanne] Columbia Univ, Columbia Energy Frontier Res Ctr EFRC, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nuckolls, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM cn37@columbia.edu RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Kang, Seok Ju/B-6836-2015; Chiu, Chien-Yang/O-8730-2014 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Kang, Seok Ju/0000-0002-9921-6674; FU Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001085]; FENA [2009-NT-2048]; ONR [N00014-11-10328]; NSF [DMR-0819860]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was supported as part of the Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001085) and the FENA (Grant 2009-NT-2048). J.B.K., S. S. L., and Y.L.L. also acknowledge funding by the Photovoltaics Program at ONR (N00014-11-10328) and an NSF-sponsored MRSEC through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860). Portions of this research were carried out at beamline 11-3 at SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and at the Center for Functional Nano-materials, and beamline X-9 at BNL, which are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Chad Miller for assistance with data collection. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 54 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 34 BP 8594 EP 8597 DI 10.1002/anie.201203330 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 989US UT WOS:000307586900033 PM 22807341 ER PT J AU Ho, HA Manna, K Sadow, AD AF Ho, Hung-An Manna, Kuntal Sadow, Aaron D. TI Acceptorless Photocatalytic Dehydrogenation for Alcohol Decarbonylation and Imine Synthesis SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alcohols; dehydrogenation; homogeneous catalysis; imines; photochemistry ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CATALYZED DECARBONYLATION; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; METAL-COMPLEXES; MILD CONDITIONS; ALDEHYDES; DIOLS; ACTIVATION; EFFICIENT; ASTERISK C1 [Ho, Hung-An; Manna, Kuntal; Sadow, Aaron D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ho, Hung-An; Manna, Kuntal; Sadow, Aaron D.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sadow, AD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sadow@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences through the Ames Laboratory [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences through the Ames Laboratory (Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358). Aaron D. Sadow is an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow. NR 53 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 75 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 34 BP 8607 EP 8610 DI 10.1002/anie.201203556 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 989US UT WOS:000307586900036 PM 22847764 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, J Horton, S Fuentes-Cabrera, M Rack, PD AF Fowlkes, Jason Horton, Scott Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel Rack, Philip D. TI Signatures of the Rayleigh-Plateau Instability Revealed by Imposing Synthetic Perturbations on Nanometer-Sized Liquid Metals on Substrates SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; self-assembly; thin films ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; SHORT-RANGE; DYNAMICS; NANOSTRUCTURES; FILMS; STABILITY; SURFACES; SIO2 C1 [Fowlkes, Jason; Horton, Scott; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel; Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Horton, Scott] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Rack, PD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM prack@utk.edu RI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015; OI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; appointment under the Higher Education Research Experience (HERE) program; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education [DE-AC05-06OR23100] FX J.D.F, P. D. R., and M. F. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division for supporting the portions of this work related to the design of molecular dynamics computational experiments and the analysis/models describing the results. M. F. C. acknowledges the computational resources of the UT/ORNL National Institute for Computational Sciences. S. R. H. was supported by an appointment under the Higher Education Research Experience (HERE) program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education under contract number DE-AC05-06OR23100 between the U.S. Department of Energy and Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 35 BP 8768 EP 8772 DI 10.1002/anie.201202113 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 992NX UT WOS:000307785700017 PM 22848010 ER PT J AU You, C Myung, S Zhang, YHP AF You, Chun Myung, Suwan Zhang, Y. -H. Percival TI Facilitated Substrate Channeling in a Self-Assembled Trifunctional Enzyme Complex SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biocatalysis; enzymes; enzyme cascades; metabolon; self-assembly ID HIGH-YIELD; CELLULOSOME; FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE; SCAFFOLDS; ALDOLASE; MARITIMA; PROTEIN; FUSION C1 [You, Chun; Myung, Suwan; Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Tech, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] DOE BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Gate Fuels Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu RI You, Chun/D-7656-2013 FU DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); DOE ARPA-E Petro project; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bioprocessing; Biodesign Research Center at Virginia Tech. FX This work was supported partially by the DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and DOE ARPA-E Petro project. This work was also partially supported by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bioprocessing and Biodesign Research Center at Virginia Tech. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 84 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 35 BP 8787 EP 8790 DI 10.1002/anie.201202441 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 992NX UT WOS:000307785700021 PM 22821830 ER PT J AU Choi, SB Furukawa, H Nam, HJ Jung, DY Jhon, YH Walton, A Book, D O'Keeffe, M Yaghi, OM Kim, J AF Choi, Sang Beom Furukawa, Hiroyasu Nam, Hye Jin Jung, Duk-Young Jhon, Young Ho Walton, Allan Book, David O'Keeffe, Michael Yaghi, Omar M. Kim, Jaheon TI Reversible Interpenetration in a Metal-Organic Framework Triggered by Ligand Removal and Addition SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE interpenetration; metal-organic frameworks; porosity; structural transformation; zinc ID COORDINATION POLYMER; SORPTION PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CATENATION; FUNCTIONALITY; METHANE; STORAGE; DESIGN; RINGS C1 [Choi, Sang Beom; Jhon, Young Ho; Kim, Jaheon] Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 156743, South Korea. [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nam, Hye Jin; Jung, Duk-Young] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Inst Basic Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Nam, Hye Jin; Jung, Duk-Young] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sungkyunkwan Adv Inst Nanotechnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Walton, Allan; Book, David] Univ Birmingham, Sch Met & Mat, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yaghi, Omar M.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Global Mentoring, Grad Sch EEWS WCU, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 156743, South Korea. EM jaheon@ssu.ac.kr RI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/C-5910-2008; OI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/0000-0002-6082-1738; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325 FU Hydrogen Energy R&D Center, one of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Programs (the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea) FX This work is supported by the Hydrogen Energy R&D Center, one of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Programs (the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea to J.K.). We thank Jihye Yoon and Yoon Jeong Kim for their experimental support, and Dr. Seung-Hoon Choi (Insilicotech Co. Ltd.), Prof. Kimoon Kim (POSTECH), Dr. Hexiang Deng, Kyle Cordova (UC Berkeley), and Dr. Carolyn B. Knobler (UCLA) for their valuable comments. NR 36 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 101 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 35 BP 8791 EP 8795 DI 10.1002/anie.201202925 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 992NX UT WOS:000307785700022 PM 22807234 ER PT J AU Wriedt, M Sculley, JP Yakovenko, AA Ma, YG Halder, GJ Balbuena, PB Zhou, HC AF Wriedt, Mario Sculley, Julian P. Yakovenko, Andrey A. Ma, Yuguang Halder, Gregory J. Balbuena, Perla B. Zhou, Hong-Cai TI Low-Energy Selective Capture of Carbon Dioxide by a Pre-designed Elastic Single-Molecule Trap SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE CO2 capture; metal-organic frameworks; porous materials; X-ray diffraction ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CO2 CAPTURE; SEPARATION; ADSORPTION C1 [Wriedt, Mario; Sculley, Julian P.; Yakovenko, Andrey A.; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ma, Yuguang; Balbuena, Perla B.] Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhou, HC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM zhou@chem.tamu.edu RI EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Wriedt, Mario/B-5645-2011; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013; Zhou, Hong-Cai/A-3009-2011; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; OI Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0002-9029-3788; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0003-0115-408X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE DE-SC0001015, DE-AR0000073, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE DE-SC0001015 and DE-AR0000073). M. W. acknowledges the Postdoc Programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for his financial support. Special thanks go to C. Nather from the University of Kiel (Germany) for the crystallographic help on PCN-200-syn and A. Callejas-Tovar who carried out the IAST calculations. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. In this context we thank K. W. Chapman for her onsite help. NR 33 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 72 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 39 BP 9804 EP 9808 DI 10.1002/anie.201202992 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 007KI UT WOS:000308886800015 PM 22945893 ER PT J AU Choi, NS Chen, ZH Freunberger, SA Ji, XL Sun, YK Amine, K Yushin, G Nazar, LF Cho, J Bruce, PG AF Choi, Nam-Soon Chen, Zonghai Freunberger, Stefan A. Ji, Xiulei Sun, Yang-Kook Amine, Khalil Yushin, Gleb Nazar, Linda F. Cho, Jaephil Bruce, Peter G. TI Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE battery safety; electrical double-layer capacitors; energy storage; Li-air battery; Li-S batteries ID LI-ION BATTERIES; CARBON-NANOTUBE ELECTRODES; REDOX SHUTTLE ADDITIVES; HIGH-ENERGY DENSITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL OVERCHARGE PROTECTION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; SOLVENT-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES; RECHARGEABLE LI-O-2 BATTERIES; COATED LINI0.5MN1.5O4 SPINEL; GLASS-CERAMIC ELECTROLYTES AB Energy-storage technologies, including electrical double-layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and load leveling of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors. C1 [Choi, Nam-Soon; Cho, Jaephil] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Freunberger, Stefan A.; Bruce, Peter G.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Chem, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. [Yushin, Gleb] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Chen, Zonghai; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ji, Xiulei; Nazar, Linda F.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Cho, J (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. EM jpcho@unist.ac.kr; p.g.bruce@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Cho, Jaephil/E-4265-2010; Ji, Xiulei/K-5675-2012; Freunberger, Stefan/F-5221-2012; Yushin, Gleb/B-4529-2013; Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Nazar, Linda/H-2736-2014; Choi, Nam-Soon/E-6083-2010 OI Freunberger, Stefan/0000-0003-2902-5319; Yushin, Gleb/0000-0002-3274-9265; Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; Nazar, Linda/0000-0002-3314-8197; FU MKE (The Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Korea [NIPA-2011-C1090-1100-0002]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2012K001251]; EPSRC; SUPERGEN; U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Energy Efficiency & Resources program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy [20118510010030] FX This research was supported by the MKE (The Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency) (NIPA-2011-C1090-1100-0002) and by the Converging Research Center Program through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012K001251). P. G. B. and S. A. F. are indebted to the EPSRC and SUPERGEN for financial support. Part of this research was funded by U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Part of this research was supported by the Energy Efficiency & Resources program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (20118510010030). NR 394 TC 898 Z9 913 U1 213 U2 1795 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 40 BP 9994 EP 10024 DI 10.1002/anie.201201429 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 011RE UT WOS:000309181700007 PM 22965900 ER PT J AU Sciortino, NF Scherl-Gruenwald, KR Chastanet, G Halder, GJ Chapman, KW Letard, JF Kepert, CJ AF Sciortino, Natasha F. Scherl-Gruenwald, Katrin R. Chastanet, Guillaume Halder, Gregory J. Chapman, Karena W. Letard, Jean-Francois Kepert, Cameron J. TI Hysteretic Three-Step Spin Crossover in a Thermo- and Photochromic 3D Pillared Hofmann-type Metal-Organic Framework SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE Hofmann framework; metal-organic frameworks; molecular electronics; photophysics; spin crossover ID PHOTOMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR MATERIALS; IRON(II) COMPLEXES; TRANSITION; STATE; COMPOUND; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM C1 [Sciortino, Natasha F.; Scherl-Gruenwald, Katrin R.; Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chastanet, Guillaume; Letard, Jean-Francois] Univ Bordeaux 1, ICMCB, UPR CNRS 9048, F-33608 Pessac, France. [Halder, Gregory J.; Chapman, Karena W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kepert, CJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM c.kepert@sydney.edu.au RI Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013; OI Kepert, Cameron/0000-0002-6105-9706 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Australian Nanotechnology Network; Endeavour Research Fellowship FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. N.F.S. thanks to the Australian Nanotechnology Network for financial support. K.R.G. thanks the Endeavour Research Fellowship for financial support. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 109 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 40 BP 10154 EP 10158 DI 10.1002/anie.201204387 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 011RE UT WOS:000309181700037 PM 22968968 ER PT J AU Setyan, A Zhang, Q Merkel, M Knighton, WB Sun, Y Song, C Shilling, JE Onasch, TB Herndon, SC Worsnop, DR Fast, JD Zaveri, RA Berg, LK Wiedensohler, A Flowers, BA Dubey, MK Subramanian, R AF Setyan, A. Zhang, Q. Merkel, M. Knighton, W. B. Sun, Y. Song, C. Shilling, J. E. Onasch, T. B. Herndon, S. C. Worsnop, D. R. Fast, J. D. Zaveri, R. A. Berg, L. K. Wiedensohler, A. Flowers, B. A. Dubey, M. K. Subramanian, R. TI Characterization of submicron particles influenced by mixed biogenic and anthropogenic emissions using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: results from CARES SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; MEXICO-CITY; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PART 1; COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AB An Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) that took place in northern California in June 2010. We present results obtained at Cool (denoted as the T1 site of the project) in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, where intense biogenic emissions are periodically mixed with urban outflow transported by daytime southwesterly winds from the Sacramento metropolitan area. During this study, the average mass loading of submicrometer particles (PM1) was 3.0 mu g m(-3), dominated by organics (80 %) and sulfate (9.9 %). The organic aerosol (OA) had a nominal formula of C1H1.38N0.004O0.44, thus an average organic mass-to-carbon (OM/OC) ratio of 1.70. Two distinct oxygenated OA factors were identified via Positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the high-resolution mass spectra of organics. The more oxidized MO-OOA (O/C = 0.54) was interpreted as a surrogate for secondary OA (SOA) influenced by biogenic emissions whereas the less oxidized LO-OOA (O/C=0.42) was found to represent SOA formed in photochemically processed urban emissions. LO-OOA correlated strongly with ozone and MO-OOA correlated well with two 1st generation isoprene oxidation products (methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone), indicating that both SOAs were relatively fresh. A hydrocarbon like OA (HOA) factor was also identified, representing primary emissions mainly due to local traffic. On average, SOA (= MO-OOA + LO-OOA) accounted for 91% of the total OA mass and 72% of the PM1 mass observed at Cool. Twenty three periods of urban plumes from T0 (Sacramento) to T1 (Cool) were identified using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). The average PM1 mass loading was considerably higher in urban plumes than in air masses dominated by biogenic SOA. The change in OA mass relative to CO (Delta OA/Delta CO) varied in the range of 5-196 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1), reflecting large variability in SOA production. The highest Delta OA/Delta CO was reached when air masses were dominated by anthropogenic emissions in the presence of a high concentration of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). This ratio, which was 97 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1) on average, was much higher than when urban plumes arrived in a low BVOC environment (similar to 36 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1)) or during other periods dominated by biogenic SOA (35 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1)). These results demonstrate that SOA formation is enhanced when anthropogenic emissions interact with biogenic precursors. C1 [Setyan, A.; Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Merkel, M.; Wiedensohler, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Knighton, W. B.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Sun, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer & Atmosphe, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Song, C.; Shilling, J. E.; Fast, J. D.; Zaveri, R. A.; Berg, L. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Onasch, T. B.; Herndon, S. C.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Flowers, B. A.; Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Subramanian, R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkwzhang@ucdavis.edu RI Sun, Yele/F-1314-2010; Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; Setyan, Ari/C-4025-2011; Wiedensohler, Alfred/D-1223-2013; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015; Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016; OI Sun, Yele/0000-0003-2354-0221; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; Setyan, Ari/0000-0002-9078-6478; Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU California Air Resource Board (CARB) [10-305]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE), Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-FG02-11ER65293]; California Agricultural Experiment Station [CA-D-ETX-2102-H] FX This research was supported by the California Air Resource Board (CARB), Agreement No. 10-305, the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE), Atmospheric System Research Program, Grant No. DE-FG02-11ER65293, and the California Agricultural Experiment Station (Project CA-D-ETX-2102-H). NR 110 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 86 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 17 BP 8131 EP 8156 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8131-2012 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 005MF UT WOS:000308753800017 ER PT J AU Reilly, SD Gaunt, AJ Scott, BL Modolo, G Iqbal, M Verboom, W Sarsfield, MJ AF Reilly, Sean D. Gaunt, Andrew J. Scott, Brian L. Modolo, Giuseppe Iqbal, Mudassir Verboom, Willem Sarsfield, Mark J. TI Plutonium(IV) complexation by diglycolamide ligands-coordination chemistry insight into TODGA-based actinide separations SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTANTS; DIAMIDE AB Complexation of Pu(IV) with TMDGA, TEDGA, and TODGA diglycolamide ligands was followed by vis-NIR spectroscopy. A crystal structure determination reveals that TMDGA forms a 1 : 3 homoleptic Pu(IV) complex with the nitrate anions forced into the outer coordination sphere. C1 [Reilly, Sean D.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Scott, Brian L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Modolo, Giuseppe] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy Res Safety Res & Reactor Technol, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Iqbal, Mudassir; Verboom, Willem] Univ Twente, Lab Mol Nanofabricat, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Sarsfield, Mark J.] Natl Nucl Lab, Cent Lab, Sellafield CA20 1PG, Seascale, England. RP Gaunt, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gaunt@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Gaunt, Andrew/0000-0001-9679-6020; Modolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6490-5595 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Early Career Research Program [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX S.D.R. and A.J.G. thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Early Career Research Program (contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) for the Pu work which was conducted at LANL. M.I. thanks the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for ligand syntheses work at the University of Twente. M.J.S. and G.M. thank the European Framework 'ACSEPT' project. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 78 BP 9732 EP 9734 DI 10.1039/c2cc34967a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 000UM UT WOS:000308414500015 PM 22914808 ER PT S AU Cui, XH Gasior, W Beaver, J Treadwell, J AF Cui, Xiaohui Gasior, Wade Beaver, Justin Treadwell, Jim BE Murgante, B Gervasi, O Misra, S Nedjah, N Rocha, AMAC Taniar, D Apduhan, BO TI ShadowNet: An Active Defense Infrastructure for Insider Cyber Attack Prevention SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2012, PT IV SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Salvador de Bahia, BRAZIL SP Univ Fed Bahia (UFBA), Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia (UFRB), Univ Estadual Feira Santana (UEFS), Univ Perugia, Univ Basilicata (UB), Monash Univ, Kyushu Sangyo Univ (KSU), Brazilian Comp Soc, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Super (CAPES), Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev (CNPq), Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Bahia (FAPESB), Bahia Governo, Secretaria Ciencia, Tecnologia & Inovacao AB The ShadowNet infrastructure for insider cyber attack prevention is comprised of a tiered server system that is able to dynamically redirect dangerous/suspicious network traffic away from production servers that provide web, ftp, database and other vital services to cloned virtual machines in a quarantined environment. This is done transparently from the point of view of both the attacker and normal users. Existing connections, such as SSH sessions, are not interrupted. Any malicious activity performed by the attacker on a quarantined server is not reflected on the production server. The attacker is provided services from the quarantined server, which creates the impression that the attacks performed are successful. The activities of the attacker on the quarantined system are able to be recorded much like a honeypot system for forensic analysis. C1 [Cui, Xiaohui; Beaver, Justin; Treadwell, Jim] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gasior, Wade] Univ Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM cuix@ornl.gov; wadegasior@gmail.com; beaverjm@ornl.gov; treadwelljn@ornl.gov OI Beaver, Justin/0000-0002-0281-6017 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory LDRD program; UTBattelle, LLC; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported in part by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory LDRD program.This manuscript has been authored by UTBattelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-31127-7; 978-3-642-31128-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7336 BP 646 EP 653 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBU89 UT WOS:000308289700048 ER PT J AU Olson, TY Orme, CA Han, TYJ Worsley, MA Rose, KA Satcher, JH Kuntz, JD AF Olson, Tammy Y. Orme, Christine A. Han, T. Yong-Jin Worsley, Marcus A. Rose, Klint A. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Kuntz, Joshua D. TI Shape control synthesis of fluorapatite structures based on supersaturation: prismatic nanowires, ellipsoids, star, and aggregate formation SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; MORPHOLOGY CONTROL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROXYAPATITE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANORODS; CRYSTALS; APATITE AB Fluorapatite nanostructures of various shapes (prismatic, ellipsoidal, star, and aggregate) were synthesized and their structures correlated with the supersaturation of the system. Reagent concentration and pH were adjusted and the change in supersaturation was simulated by the Geochemist's Workbench (R) software and the MINTEQ database. A higher pH caused changes to the FAP surface charge and was shown to be the dominant force behind aggregate formation. This led to nanorod aggregates and when combined with an increase in reagent concentration, FAP stars were generated. Increasing reaction temperature (room temperature to 100 degrees C) allowed release of calcium by the chelating agent, EDTA, which steadily increased the supersaturation as demonstrated by simulation. This condition led to ellipsoidal nanorods. As the crystal growth continued with an increasing reaction temperature of up to 150 degrees C, ellipsoidal nanorods transformed to prismatic nanowires. This transformation was explained by the decreasing supersaturation of the system as the growth nutrients were consumed. Microwave irradiation, the role of fluorite, and control of monodispersity for the FAP synthesis are also discussed. C1 [Olson, Tammy Y.; Orme, Christine A.; Han, T. Yong-Jin; Worsley, Marcus A.; Rose, Klint A.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.; Kuntz, Joshua D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Olson, TY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-235, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM olson43@llnl.gov RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009; Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014 OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727 FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [09-ERD-029, 11-SI-005] FX This work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The project was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL (09-ERD-029 and 11-SI-005). We thank Drs. Andrew J. Pascall and Kyle T. Sullivan for their helpful discussions. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2012 VL 14 IS 20 BP 6384 EP 6389 DI 10.1039/c2ce25711d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 006NY UT WOS:000308827100009 ER PT S AU Firouzdor, V Wilson, L Sridharan, K Semerau, B Hauch, B Brechtl, J Cole, JI Allen, TR AF Firouzdor, Vahid Wilson, Lucas Sridharan, Kumar Semerau, Brandon Hauch, Benjamin Brechtl, Jamieson Cole, James I. Allen, Todd R. BE Boccaccini, AR VanDerBiest, O Clasen, R Dickerson, JH TI Development of Diffusion Barrier Coatings for Mitigation of Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interactions SO ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Electrophoretic Deposition: Fundamentals and Applications CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO SP Engn Conf Int DE Fuel Cladding Chemical Interactions; Electrophoretic deposition; TiO2; Yttria-stabilized Zirconia; V2O3 AB Fuel Cladding Chemical Interactions (FCCI) in a nuclear reactor occur due to thermal and radiation enhanced inter-diffusion between the cladding and fuel materials, and can have the detrimental effects of reducing the effective cladding wall thickness and the formation of low melting point eutectic compounds. Deposition of diffusion barrier coatings of a thin oxide on the inner surface of the cladding can potentially reduce or delay the onset of FCCI. This study examines the feasibility of using nanofluid-based electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process to deposit coatings of titanium oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and vanadium oxide. The deposition parameters, including the nanofluid composition, current, and voltage were optimized for each coating material using test flat substrates of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel. Diffusion characteristics of the coatings were investigated by diffusion couple experiments using the fuel surrogate cerium. These diffusion couple studies performed in the temperature range of 560 degrees C and 585 degrees C showed that the oxide coatings significantly reduce the solid state inter-diffusion between cerium to steel. C1 [Firouzdor, Vahid; Wilson, Lucas; Sridharan, Kumar; Semerau, Brandon; Hauch, Benjamin; Brechtl, Jamieson; Allen, Todd R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cole, James I.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Sridharan, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM firouzdor@wisc.edu; kumar@engr.wisc.edu OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259; Cole, James/0000-0003-1178-5846 FU U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Program [DE-AC07-05IO 14517] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Program (Contract No. DE-AC07-05IO 14517 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2012 VL 507 BP 3 EP + DI 10.4028/wwwscientific.net/KEM507.3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BBX62 UT WOS:000308567500001 ER PT J AU Seidel, J Yang, SY Alarcon-Llado, E Ager, JW Ramesh, R AF Seidel, J. Yang, S-Y Alarcon-Llado, E. Ager, J. W., III Ramesh, R. TI Nanoscale Probing of High Photovoltages at 109 degrees Domain Walls SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Domain boundary; photovoltaic; multiferroic; ferroelectricity; scanning probe methods ID FERROELECTRICS AB We report the direct observation of nanoscale photovoltaic current-voltage properties associated with directional steps of the electrostatic potential at 109 degrees domain walls in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films with highly ordered ferroelectric stripe domains. The unidirectional photovoltaic effect along the net-in-plane polarization direction is shown to exhibit anomalies at the micro- and nanoscale due to local differences in mesoscopic domain structure. Very high initial photovoltages for small electrode spacings are observed using a conductive AFM tip as one of the electrodes in photovoltaic I-V measurements. C1 [Seidel, J.; Alarcon-Llado, E.; Ager, J. W., III; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seidel, J.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seidel, J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Yang, S-Y; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alarcon-Llado, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Seidel, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jseidel@berkeley.edu RI Alarcon Llado, Esther/I-5583-2015; OI Alarcon Llado, Esther/0000-0001-7317-9863; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2012 VL 433 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1080/00150193.2012.678156 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 007AW UT WOS:000308862200015 ER PT J AU Zhu, JL Lin, ZJ Zhang, JZ Xu, HW Vogel, SC Jin, CQ Zhao, YS AF Zhu, Jinlong Lin, Zhijun Zhang, Jianzhong Xu, Hongwu Vogel, Sven C. Jin, Changqing Zhao, Yusheng TI High pressure neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of tetragonal LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; high pressure; iron-based superconductivity; isostructure transition ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DIFFRACTOMETER; CRYSTAL; LIFEAS; HIPPO AB We studied polycrystalline tetragonal LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 up to 9 GPa using time-of-flight neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Consistent with previous studies, the layer-structured LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 has a bulk modulus of 74-79 GPa, with the c-axis being twice as compressible as the a-axis. The refined structural parameters under pressure show non-monotonic variation with kink points at 4 GPa, well correlating with a maximum superconducting temperature (Tc) of 43 K previously reported for LaFeAsO0.9F0.1. At this pressure, however, both the As-Fe-As bond angle and anion height from the Fe layers deviate substantially from the respective ideal values of 109.47 degrees and 1.38 angstrom for a regular FeAs4 tetrahedron. These findings indicate that the correlation between the maximum Tc and the geometry of conductive Fe-As layers is material dependent and may also be sensitive to atomic doping in the parent Fe-based superconductors. C1 [Zhu, Jinlong; Lin, Zhijun; Zhang, Jianzhong; Xu, Hongwu; Vogel, Sven C.; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE & EES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhu, Jinlong; Jin, Changqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Yusheng] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE & EES Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzhang@lanl.gov; jin@iphy.ac.cn; ysheng.zhao@unlv.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lin, Zhijun/A-5543-2010; OI Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF [EAR 01-35554]; MOST FX This work was supported by the laboratory-directed research and development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The high pressure neutron experiment has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, which is funded by the US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The work at IOPCAS was supported by NSF & MOST through the research projects. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The use of the X17B2 beamline was supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR 01-35554. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 3 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1080/08957959.2012.710234 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 010VC UT WOS:000309121500008 ER PT J AU Honig, KA Fule, PZ AF Honig, Kristen A. Fule, Peter Z. TI Simulating effects of climate change and ecological restoration on fire behaviour in a south-western USA ponderosa pine forest SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE diameter caps; general circulation models; greenhouse gas emission scenarios; Pinus ponderosa; wildfire ID WILDLAND FIRE; FUEL TREATMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; GRAND-CANYON; WILDFIRE; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION AB Global climate change has the potential to affect future wildfire activity, particularly in south-western USA ponderosa pine forests that have been substantially altered by land-use practices and aggressive fire suppression. Using two regional general circulation models for the A1B greenhouse gas emission scenario, Australia's CSIRO:MK3 and Germany's MPIM:ECHAM5, we predicted fire behaviour under the 80th, 90th and 97th percentiles of future fire-weather conditions at a study site on the Kaibab National Forest, Arizona. We then altered the fuel structure by simulating alternative ecological restoration treatments: a full treatment (FULL), a full treatment with a 40.6-cm-diameter restriction on tree removal (16 '' CAP) and a full treatment with a 25.4-cm-diameter restriction on tree removal (10 '' CAP). Model results show that differences in fire weather (temperature and fuel moistures) expected by the end of the 21st century were not influential enough to alter fire behaviour significantly, but treatments did significantly reduce severe burning. Alteration of fuel structure through the 16 '' CAP and FULL ecological restoration treatments caused significant declines in fire behaviour and crown fire activity under all climate scenarios. The 10 '' CAP substantially reduced treatment effectiveness. C1 [Honig, Kristen A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Honig, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM khonig@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX Thanks to Crystal Krause, Kirsten Ironside, Kathryn Ireland, Robert Keane, Steven Honig, Steven Overby, Joanie Lawrence, Brent Wachter, Randy Balice, Mark Manone, Alan Lew and the Ecological Restoration Institute. K. Honig was funded by Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 25 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 731 EP 742 DI 10.1071/WF11082 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 003ZY UT WOS:000308651100009 ER PT J AU Xiang, CC Li, M Zhi, MJ Manivannan, A Wu, NQ AF Xiang, Chengcheng Li, Ming Zhi, Mingjia Manivannan, Ayyakkannu Wu, Nianqiang TI Reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide composites for supercapacitor electrodes: shape and coupling effects SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; IRON-OXIDE; CARBON; PERFORMANCE; FILMS; TIO2; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES AB TiO2 nanobelts (NBs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have been coupled with the chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form nanocomposites which are used as supercapacitor electrodes. The specific capacitance of rGO-TiO2 composites is higher than that of monolithic rGO, TiO2 NPs or NBs. The optimal electrochemical performance is achieved with the rGO-TiO2 composites at a rGO : TiO2 mass ratio of 7 : 3. In addition, the rGO-TiO2 NBs exhibit better performance than the rGO-TiO2 NPs in terms of specific capacitance, rate capability, energy density and power density. The specific capacitances of rGO-TiO2 NBs and rGO-TiO2 NPs with a mass ratio of 7 : 3 are 225 F g(-1) and 62.8 F g(-1) at a discharge current density of 0.125 A g(-1), respectively. The better performance of the rGO-TiO2 NBs is attributed to the nanobelt's unique shape, better charge transport property and larger area of contact with the rGO nanosheet. C1 [Xiang, Chengcheng; Li, Ming; Zhi, Mingjia; Wu, Nianqiang] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, WVNano Initiat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Xiang, Chengcheng] W Virginia Univ, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Xiang, Chengcheng; Zhi, Mingjia; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Wu, NQ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, WVNano Initiat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM nick.wu@mail.wvu.edu RI Zhi, Mingjia/A-6866-2010; Wu, Nianqiang/B-9798-2015; Li, Ming/D-5108-2011 OI Zhi, Mingjia/0000-0002-4291-0809; Wu, Nianqiang/0000-0002-8888-2444; Li, Ming/0000-0002-2289-0222 FU DOE/NETL [DE-FE0010467]; Research Challenge Grant from the State of West Virginia [EPS08-01]; West Virginia University Research Corporation; West Virginia EPSCoR Office FX This work was supported by the DOE/NETL (DE-FE0010467). The resource and facilities used were partially supported by a Research Challenge Grant from the State of West Virginia (EPS08-01), the West Virginia University Research Corporation and the West Virginia EPSCoR Office. NR 43 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 11 U2 182 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 36 BP 19161 EP 19167 DI 10.1039/c2jm33177b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 992PE UT WOS:000307790300065 ER PT J AU Bocharova, V Zavalov, O MacVittie, K Arugula, MA Guz, NV Dokukin, ME Halamek, J Sokolov, I Privman, V Katz, E AF Bocharova, Vera Zavalov, Oleksandr MacVittie, Kevin Arugula, Mary A. Guz, Nataliia V. Dokukin, Maxim E. Halamek, Jan Sokolov, Igor Privman, Vladimir Katz, Evgeny TI A biochemical logic approach to biomarker-activated drug release SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES; RESPONSIVE CONTROLLED-RELEASE; L-LYSINE MICROCAPSULES; CONTROLLED DELIVERY; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; ALGINATE MICROCAPSULES; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; PROTEIN RELEASE; CAPSULES; HYDROGELS AB The present study aims at integrating drug-releasing materials with signal-processing biocomputing systems. Enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)-biomarkers for liver injury-were logically processed by a biocatalytic cascade realizing a Boolean AND gate. Citrate produced in the system was used to trigger a drug-mimicking release from alginate microspheres. In order to differentiate low vs. high concentration signals, the microspheres were coated with a protective shell composed of layer-by-layer adsorbed poly(L-lysine) and alginate. The alginate core of the microspheres was prepared from Fe3+-cross-linked alginate loaded with rhodamine 6G dye mimicking a drug. Dye release from the core occurred only when both biomarkers, ALT and AST, appeared at their high pathophysiological concentrations jointly indicative of liver injury. The signal-triggered response was studied at the level of a single microsphere, yielding information on the dye release kinetics. C1 [Zavalov, Oleksandr; Guz, Nataliia V.; Dokukin, Maxim E.; Sokolov, Igor; Privman, Vladimir] Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Bocharova, Vera; MacVittie, Kevin; Arugula, Mary A.; Halamek, Jan; Katz, Evgeny] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Bocharova, Vera] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, I (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM isokolov@clarkson.edu; privman@clarkson.edu; ekatz@clarkson.edu RI Sokolov, Igor/A-6858-2009 OI Sokolov, Igor/0000-0001-6260-4326 FU NSF [CBET-1066531] FX This work was supported by the NSF (award # CBET-1066531). NR 98 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 77 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 37 BP 19709 EP 19717 DI 10.1039/c2jm32966b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 996OK UT WOS:000308099900046 ER PT J AU Nolis, GM Omenya, F Zhang, RB Fang, B Upreti, S Chernova, NA Wang, F Graetz, J Hu, YY Grey, CP Whittingham, MS AF Nolis, Gene M. Omenya, Fredrick Zhang, Ruibo Fang, Bin Upreti, Shailesh Chernova, Natasha A. Wang, Feng Graetz, Jason Hu, Yan-Yan Grey, Clare P. Whittingham, M. Stanley TI Structure, defects and thermal stability of delithiated olivine phosphates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE-STABILITY; LIFEPO4; LIMNPO4; FEPO4; FORM AB Studies of thermal decomposition mechanism of olivine Fe1-yMnyPO4 are reported here for inert (He), oxidizing (O-2) and oxidizing and moist (air) atmospheres using in situ X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis with mass spectroscopy. The results indicate that the olivine structure is inherently stable up to at least 400 degrees C and y = 0.9 for particle size down to 50 nm. However, structural disorder and oxygen loss in the presence of reductive impurities, e. g. carbon and hydrogen, can occur as low as 250 degrees C for particles larger than 100 nm and at 150 degrees C for 50 nm particles. Fe1-yMnyPO4 is hygroscopic at high Mn contents, y >= 0.6, and moisture exposure is more detrimental to its thermal stability than carbon or small particle size. Nano-Fe1-yMnyPO4 (y > 0.7) with particle size about 50 nm, when exposed to moisture, disorders at 150 degrees C and transforms to sarcopside phase by 300 degrees C, no matter whether the delithiation was done electrochemically or chemically. Contrary, under inert atmosphere the sample produced by chemical delithiation is stable up to 400 degrees C. C1 [Nolis, Gene M.; Omenya, Fredrick; Zhang, Ruibo; Fang, Bin; Upreti, Shailesh; Chernova, Natasha A.; Whittingham, M. Stanley] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Nolis, Gene M.; Omenya, Fredrick; Zhang, Ruibo; Fang, Bin; Upreti, Shailesh; Chernova, Natasha A.; Whittingham, M. Stanley] SUNY Binghamton, Engn Program, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Wang, Feng; Graetz, Jason] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hu, Yan-Yan; Grey, Clare P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Hu, Yan-Yan; Grey, Clare P.; Whittingham, M. Stanley] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Whittingham, MS (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM stanwhit@gmail.com RI Hu, Yan-Yan/A-1795-2015; Zhang, Ruibo/B-4659-2015; Wang, Feng/C-1443-2016 OI Hu, Yan-Yan/0000-0003-0677-5897; Wang, Feng/0000-0003-4068-9212 FU NorthEastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001294]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research is supported as part of the NorthEastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001294. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of TEM facilities at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Archit Lal and Robert Dobbs of Primet Precision Materials, Inc. for providing nano-LiFe1-yMnyPO4 sample for this work, and we would like to extend our gratitude to Archit Lal for stimulating discussions and helpful suggestions. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 81 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 38 BP 20482 EP 20489 DI 10.1039/c2jm33183g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 004CV UT WOS:000308658600055 ER PT J AU Bergdall, AR Kraft, JM Andes, K Carter, M Hatfield-Timajchy, K Hock-Long, L AF Bergdall, Anna R. Kraft, Joan Marie Andes, Karen Carter, Marion Hatfield-Timajchy, Kendra Hock-Long, Linda TI Love and Hooking Up in the New Millennium: Communication Technology and Relationships among Urban African American and Puerto Rican Young Adults SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; RISK; INTERNET; SEX; ADOLESCENTS; PARTNERS; DISEASES; COUPLES; ONLINE; HIV AB Communication technology is a central feature of young people's lives, but its role in romantic and sexual relationships has not been thoroughly examined. This article describes how young adults use communication technology for partnering across relationship stages (formation, maintenance, and dissolution) and types (serious/casual), and proposes implications of usage in relationships. This study analyzed qualitative data from a five-week, prospective, coital diary method with related debriefing interviews (N = 70) of African American and Puerto Rican men and women aged 18 to 25 years in Hartford and Philadelphia. Cell phones, including calls, text messaging, and mobile Internet, were the most common forms of communication technology used for partnering goals. Participants reported using cell phones to pursue partnering goals across all relationship stages, including formation (meeting, screening, and getting to know new partners), maintaining existing relationships, and breaking up. Cell phone uses depended on the type of relationship (serious/casual) and the participants' intentions and desires. Results indicated that cell phones are an important element of communication among young adults in romantic and sexual relationships. Specific features of cell phone communication shape the process and context of partnering. Future research should explore emerging communication technologies and implications for psychosocial development, dating violence, and sexual behavior. C1 [Bergdall, Anna R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Andes, Karen] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bergdall, AR (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM abergdall@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U58/CCU123064, U58/CCU323065] NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 31 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PY 2012 VL 49 IS 6 BP 570 EP 582 DI 10.1080/00224499.2011.604748 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 008WA UT WOS:000308986100005 PM 21854226 ER PT J AU Bishop, GA Schuchmann, BG Stedman, DH Lawson, DR AF Bishop, Gary A. Schuchmann, Brent G. Stedman, Donald H. Lawson, Douglas R. TI Multispecies remote sensing measurements of vehicle emissions on Sherman Way in Van Nuys, California SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS; AMMONIA AB As part of the 2010 Van Nuys tunnel study, researchers from the University of Denver measured on-road fuel-specific light-duty vehicle emissions from nearly 13,000 vehicles on Sherman Way (0.4 miles west of the tunnel) in Van Nuys, California, with its multispecies Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT) remote sensor a week ahead of the tunnel measurements. The remote sensing mean gram per kilogram carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxide of nitrogen (NOx) measurements are 8.9% lower, 41% higher, and 24% higher than the tunnel measurements, respectively. The remote sensing CO/NOx and HC/NOx mass ratios are 28% lower and 20% higher than the comparable tunnel ratios. Comparisons with the historical tunnel measurements show large reductions in CO, HC, and NOx over the past 23 yr, but little change in the HC/NOx mass ratio since 1995. The fleet CO and HC emissions are increasingly dominated by a few gross emitters, with more than a third of the total emissions being contributed by less than 1% of the fleet. An example of this is a 1995 vehicle measured three times with an average HC emission of 419 g/kg fuel (two-stroke snowmobiles average 475 g/kg fuel), responsible for 4% of the total HC emissions. The 2008 economic downturn dramatically reduced the number of new vehicles entering the fleet, leading to an age increase (>1 model year) of the Sherman Way fleet that has increased the fleet's ammonia (NH3) emissions. The mean NH3 levels appear little changed from previous measurements collected in the Van Nuys tunnel in 1993. Comparisons between weekday and weekend data show few fleet differences, although the fraction of light-duty diesel vehicles decreased from the weekday (1.7%) to Saturday (1.2%) and Sunday (0.6%). C1 [Bishop, Gary A.; Schuchmann, Brent G.; Stedman, Donald H.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Lawson, Douglas R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Bishop, GA (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM gbishop@du.edu RI Bishop, Gary/E-6994-2015 OI Bishop, Gary/0000-0003-0136-997X FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [AEV-8-88609-01]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicle Technologies FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding and support received from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under subcontract AEV-8-88609-01. This program has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicle Technologies, Dr. James Eberhardt, Chief Scientist. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 10 BP 1127 EP 1133 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.699015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 010WL UT WOS:000309125100003 PM 23155859 ER PT J AU Fujita, EM Campbell, DE Zielinska, B Chow, JC Lindhjem, CE DenBleyker, A Bishop, GA Schuchmann, BG Stedman, DH Lawson, DR AF Fujita, Eric M. Campbell, David E. Zielinska, Barbara Chow, Judith C. Lindhjem, Christian E. DenBleyker, Allison Bishop, Gary A. Schuchmann, Brent G. Stedman, Donald H. Lawson, Douglas R. TI Comparison of the MOVES2010a, MOBILE6.2, and EMFAC2007 mobile source emission models with on-road traffic tunnel and remote sensing measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COAST AIR BASIN; LIGHT CRUDE-OIL; BIOMARKER COMPOUNDS; MOTOR-VEHICLES; GC-MS; IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; QUANTITATION; GASOLINE; WEEKDAY AB The Desert Research Institute conducted an on-road mobile source emission study at a traffic tunnel in Van Nuys, California, in August 2010 to measure fleet-averaged, fuel-based emission factors. The study also included remote sensing device (RSD) measurements by the University of Denver of 13,000 vehicles near the tunnel. The tunnel and RSD fleet-averaged emission factors were compared in blind fashion with the corresponding modeled factors calculated by ENVIRON International Corporation using U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) MOVES2010a (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) and MOBILE6.2 mobile source emission models, and California Air Resources Board's (CARB's) EMFAC2007 (EMission FACtors) emission model. With some exceptions, the fleet-averaged tunnel, RSD, and modeled carbon monoxide (CO) and oxide of nitrogen (NOx) emission factors were in reasonable agreement (+/- 25%). The nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emission factors (specifically the running evaporative emissions) predicted by MOVES were insensitive to ambient temperature as compared with the tunnel measurements and the MOBILE- and EMFAC-predicted emission factors, resulting in underestimation of the measured NMHC/NOx ratios at higher ambient temperatures. Although predicted NMHC/NOx ratios are in good agreement with the measured ratios during cooler sampling periods, the measured NMHC/NOx ratios are 3.1, 1.7, and 1.4 times higher than those predicted by the MOVES, MOBILE, and EMFAC models, respectively, during high-temperature periods. Although the MOVES NOx emission factors were generally higher than the measured factors, most differences were not significant considering the variations in the modeled factors using alternative vehicle operating cycles to represent the driving conditions in the tunnel. The three models predicted large differences in NOx and particle emissions and in the relative contributions of diesel and gasoline vehicles to total NOx and particulate carbon (TC) emissions in the tunnel. C1 [Fujita, Eric M.; Campbell, David E.; Zielinska, Barbara; Chow, Judith C.] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Lindhjem, Christian E.; DenBleyker, Allison] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. [Bishop, Gary A.; Schuchmann, Brent G.; Stedman, Donald H.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO USA. [Lawson, Douglas R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Fujita, EM (reprint author), Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Eric.Fujita@dri.edu RI Bishop, Gary/E-6994-2015 OI Bishop, Gary/0000-0003-0136-997X FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicle Technologies through National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicle Technologies (Dr. James Eberhardt, Chief Scientist) through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We thank the staff of the Air Quality and Modeling Center of the U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality for their review of the draft manuscript and for providing additional model calculations. The authors thank the following DRI personnel for their assistance with sample analysis: Anna Cunningham and Mark McDaniel for organic speciation analysis, and Steven Kohl, Ed Hackett, and Brenda Cristani for analysis of inorganic species. We also acknowledge the assistance of Andy Chew of Andy's Automotive for processing the video recordings of traffic through the Van Nuys tunnel. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 67 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2012 VL 62 IS 10 BP 1134 EP 1149 DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.699016 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 010WL UT WOS:000309125100004 PM 23155860 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Hai, B Shukla, AK Duncan, H AF Chen, Guoying Hai, Bin Shukla, Alpesh K. Duncan, Hugues TI Impact of Initial Li Content on Kinetics and Stabilities of Layered Li1+x(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)(1-x)O-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; MOLTEN-SALT SYNTHESIS; CATHODE MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; ELECTRODES; MN; SPECTROSCOPY AB Structure, morphology, and performance of Li1+x(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)(1-x)O-2 cathode materials with stoichiometric (x=0) and excess Li (x=0.14) were compared on micron-sized, well-formed single crystals. The additional Li in the fresh overlithiated oxide facilitated the formation of a superstructure with root 3a(hex) x root 3a(hex) x c(hex) unit cells, decreased the cell volume change, and improved the initial O3 phase stability upon lithium extraction. Slower kinetics were observed at low Li content where oxide activation dominated, a process that induced significant structure rearrangements and particle damages. For the first time, morphological evaluation during delithiation was well captured on the micron-sized single crystals. An irreversible activation plateau at 4.4 V was only observed during the first charge of the overlithiated crystals. The oxide's higher discharge capacity and better cycling stability between 2.5 and 4.8 V were attributed to its enhanced O3 phase stability upon deep Li extraction. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.038209jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Guoying; Hai, Bin; Shukla, Alpesh K.; Duncan, Hugues] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gchen@lbl.gov RI Shukla, Alpesh/B-2058-2013 FU National Center for Electron Microscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We thank Dr. Nick Norberg for collecting the Raman data and Dr. Thomas Richardson for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP A1543 EP A1550 DI 10.1149/2.038209jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010OR UT WOS:000309104400020 ER PT J AU Cho, KT Ridgway, P Weber, AZ Haussener, S Battaglia, V Srinivasan, V AF Cho, Kyu Taek Ridgway, Paul Weber, Adam Z. Haussener, Sophia Battaglia, Vincent Srinivasan, Venkat TI High Performance Hydrogen/Bromine Redox Flow Battery for Grid-Scale Energy Storage SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; BROMINE; MEMBRANES; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; ANIONS; MODEL; HBR AB The electrochemical behavior of a promising hydrogen/bromine redox flow battery is investigated for grid-scale energy-storage application with some of the best redox-flow-battery performance results to date, including a peak power of 1.4 W/cm(2) and a 91% voltaic efficiency at 0.4 W/cm(2) constant-power operation. The kinetics of bromine on various materials is discussed, with both rotating-disk-electrode and cell studies demonstrating that a carbon porous electrode for the bromine reaction can conduct platinum-comparable performance as long as sufficient surface area is realized. The effect of flow-cell designs and operating temperature is examined, and ohmic and mass-transfer losses are decreased by utilizing a flow-through electrode design and increasing cell temperature. Charge/discharge and discharge-rate tests also reveal that this system has highly reversible behavior and good rate capability. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.018211jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Cho, Kyu Taek; Ridgway, Paul; Weber, Adam Z.; Haussener, Sophia; Battaglia, Vincent; Srinivasan, Venkat] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haussener, Sophia] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Engn Mech, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Cho, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ktcho@lbl.gov OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624 FU Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would also like to thank SGL Carbon for providing the carbon porous media. NR 52 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 71 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 11 BP A1806 EP A1815 DI 10.1149/2.018211jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PS UT WOS:000309107200009 ER PT J AU Conry, TE Mehta, A Cabana, J Doeff, MM AF Conry, Thomas E. Mehta, Apurva Cabana, Jordi Doeff, Marca M. TI XAFS Investigations of LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.1-yAlyO2 Positive Electrode Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE MATERIAL; HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE; THERMAL-STABILITY; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE AB The structural and electronic effects of Al-substitution in LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.1-yAlyO2 electrode materials were explored on a local scale using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Homogeneous substitution of Al is observed between 0 <= y <= 0.10, additionally causing relaxation within the strained edge-sharing metal octahedra composing the transition metal plane. Ex situ measurements on electrochemically charged electrodes confirm that the main charge compensation mechanism occurs via oxidation of Ni, though a contribution centered at the Co-sites was detected in the early stages of charging. Al-substitution, meanwhile, appears to have a negligible local order effect. Analysis of electrochemically cycled materials suggests that there is a beneficial structural consequence of the Al-substitution, which limits the disorder within the local structure of the substituted samples compared to the fresh layered oxides. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.048209jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Conry, Thomas E.; Cabana, Jordi; Doeff, Marca M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Conry, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mehta, Apurva] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Conry, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tconry@berkeley.edu RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Cabana, Jordi/G-6548-2012 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program [P41RR001209] FX This work is supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program (P41RR001209). The authors are also grateful to Prof. Scott Calvin for his help with XAFS measurements and analysis. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 50 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP A1562 EP A1571 DI 10.1149/2.048209jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010OR UT WOS:000309104400023 ER PT J AU Hantel, MM Presser, V McDonough, JK Feng, G Cummings, PT Gogotsi, Y Kotz, R AF Hantel, M. M. Presser, V. McDonough, J. K. Feng, G. Cummings, P. T. Gogotsi, Y. Koetz, R. TI In Situ Electrochemical Dilatometry of Onion-Like Carbon and Carbon Black SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODES; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE; CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVES; SURFACE-AREA; EDLC; PERFORMANCE; NANOTUBES; NANOMATERIALS; DIAMOND AB High power electrochemical double layer capacitors (also called supercapacitors) rely on highly conductive electrode materials with a large specific surface area, which is easily accessible for ions. Exohedral materials with a large ion-accessible outer surface and little or no porosity within the particles are particularly attractive for supercapacitor electrodes because they decrease mass transport limitations and enable very high charge/discharge rates. This study focuses on the investigation of charge induced expansion effects of spherical exohedral carbons, that is, onion-like carbons (OLC, diameter: 5-7 nm) and carbon black (diameter: approximate to 40 nm). Employing electrochemical in-situ dilatometry we studied the expansion behavior within +/- 1 V potential window versus carbon in an organic electrolyte (tetraethylammonium-tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile). The expansion had a very small amplitude (<0.2% at +/- 0.08 C.m(-2) accumulated charge; i.e., approximately +/- 1 V versus carbon) and was fully reversible. This was explained by ion adsorption on the exohedral carbons. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to calculate the solvation shell of the respective cation and anion and the results were used to further evaluate the measured expansion. In summary, the experiments and simulations revealed that ion intercalation or ion sieving, which are commonly found in microporous (endohedral) carbons, were absent. Finally, low sweep rates resulted in a slight electrode compaction on a cycle-by-cycle basis, which can be explained by charge-induced restructuring of the nanoparticle network. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.006212jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Hantel, M. M.; Koetz, R.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Electrochem Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Presser, V.; McDonough, J. K.; Gogotsi, Y.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Presser, V.; McDonough, J. K.; Gogotsi, Y.] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Presser, V.] INM Leibniz Inst New Mat, Energy Mat Grp, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Feng, G.; Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cummings, P. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hantel, MM (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Electrochem Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM gogotsi@drexel.edu; ruediger.koetz@psi.ch RI Feng, Guang/D-8989-2011; Presser, Volker/F-1975-2010; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Presser, Volker/0000-0003-2181-0590; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Feng, Guang/0000-0001-6659-9181; Hantel, Moritz/0000-0003-0422-6130 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021_126855/1]; Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jun Jie Niu (now at MIT) and . Olha Mashtalir (Drexel University) for their help with TEM. MMH acknowledges financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (project # 200021_126855/1). YG, VP, GF, and PTC were supported as part of the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank TIMCAL Ltd. for kindly supplying carbon black to this study. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 67 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 11 BP A1897 EP A1903 DI 10.1149/2.006212jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PS UT WOS:000309107200023 ER PT J AU Norberg, NS Kostecki, R AF Norberg, Nick S. Kostecki, Robert TI The Degradation Mechanism of a Composite LiMnPO4 Cathode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; POSITIVE-ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ION BATTERIES; LI-ION; PERFORMANCE; LIMN2O4; MN; FE; 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1; SPECTROSCOPY AB The chemical and structural changes occurring in a LiMnPO4 composite cathode during electrochemical cycling were investigated by ex situ Raman microscopy. An O-2-plasma etching procedure was used to remove the thick surface carbon coating and expose LiMnPO4 particles for Raman characterization of LixMnPO4 at different states of charge (SOC). Pyrophosphate species, Li4P2O7, emerged at the exposed part of the LiMnPO4 composite cathode after a full charge and discharge cycle, indicating that the charged LixMnPO4 electrode is not chemically stable in standard LiPF6/carbonate-based electrolytes at room temperature. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.018209jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Norberg, Nick S.; Kostecki, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Norberg, NS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM R_Kostecki@lbl.gov FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank High Power Lithium, Inc. (currently the Dow Chemical Company) for supplying samples of the LiMnPO4 electrode and Dr. Guoying Chen for providing reference samples of delithiated LixMnPO4 for Raman measurements. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 75 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP A1431 EP A1434 DI 10.1149/2.018209jes PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010OR UT WOS:000309104400007 ER PT J AU Tang, M Lu, SD Newman, J AF Tang, Maureen Lu, Sida Newman, John TI Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Formation Mechanisms on Glassy Carbon SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERY; ORIENTED PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; SURFACE-FILM FORMATION; METAL-ELECTRODES; OXIDE-FILM; MODEL; CELLS; SALT; IMPEDANCE AB To determine the passivation mechanism of the Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase (SEI), glassy carbon was held at potentials from 0.1 to 0.9 V vs. lithium for different lengths of time. The resulting SEI was characterized electrochemically, using steady-state and transient ferrocene kinetics. Experiments were interpreted with macroscopic models for film formation and through-film ferrocenium reduction. Formation experiments demonstrate that growth is limited by transport of a charged species, but that electron migration through the SEI cannot be the limiting process. Ferrocene experiments show that both through-film transport and kinetics decrease with more passivation time. Comparison with models suggests that a decreasing porosity is a more likely explanation than either an increasing thickness or a decreased area of active sites. For the same amount of formation charge, the SEI formed at lower potential passivates the electrode more effectively. At long times and low potentials, the SEI is unstable. A passivation mechanism in which soluble intermediates of electrolyte reduction diffuse away from the electrode is proposed. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.025211jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Maureen; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tang, Maureen; Lu, Sida; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lu, Sida] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mtang@berkeley.edu RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 60 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 11 BP A1775 EP A1785 DI 10.1149/2.025211jes PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PS UT WOS:000309107200004 ER PT J AU Bliznakov, ST Vukmirovic, MB Yang, L Sutter, EA Adzic, RR AF Bliznakov, S. T. Vukmirovic, M. B. Yang, L. Sutter, E. A. Adzic, R. R. TI Pt Monolayer on Electrodeposited Pd Nanostructures: Advanced Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-REDUCTION; INITIAL-STAGES; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; PALLADIUM DEPOSITION; AU(111) ELECTRODE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; SURFACE; PT(111); GROWTH; ALLOY AB In this article we describe further improvement of high-performance Pt monolayer-shell on carbon-supported Pd nanowires/nanorods-core electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. This improvement is facilitated by electrochemical deposition of Pd nanostructured cores on functionalized carbon surfaces. We describe in some detail this first electrochemical deposition of Pd nanowires, including the effect of deposition parameters on the deposits morphology, and propose the mechanism of the Pd nanostructures growth. The one-dimensional growth of Pd is ascribed to the hydrogen-underpotential-deposition-mediated layer-by-layer deposition of Pd. The surface structure of deposited nanowires is composed predominantly of the {111}-oriented facets that facilitate the enhanced oxygen reduction and high stability of these electrocatalysts. They have significantly higher Pt mass-, and area-specific activities and performance stability under potential cycling conditions than commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts, which indicates their great potential for resolving the remaining obstacles to commercializing PEMFCs. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.006209jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Bliznakov, S. T.; Vukmirovic, M. B.; Yang, L.; Adzic, R. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sutter, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bliznakov, ST (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy through grant DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 78 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP F501 EP F506 DI 10.1149/2.006209jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010OR UT WOS:000309104400046 ER PT J AU Dufek, EJ Lister, TE Stone, SG McIlwain, ME AF Dufek, Eric J. Lister, Tedd E. Stone, Simon G. McIlwain, Michael E. TI Operation of a Pressurized System for Continuous Reduction of CO2 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METAL-ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYTES; SELECTIVITY; CELL; ELECTROREDUCTION; COPPER AB A pressurized electrochemical system equipped for continuous reduction of CO2 is presented. At elevated pressures, using a Ag-based cathode, the quantity of CO which can be generated is 5 times that observed at ambient pressure with faradaic efficiencies as high as 92% observed at 350 mA cm(-2). For operation at 225 mA cm(-2) and 60 degrees C the cell voltage at 18.5 atm was 0.4 V below that observed at ambient pressure. Increasing the temperature further to 90 degrees C led to a cell voltage below 3 V (18.5 atm and 90 degrees C), which equates to an electrical efficiency of 50%. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.011209jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Dufek, Eric J.; Lister, Tedd E.; McIlwain, Michael E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Stone, Simon G.] Giner Inc, Newton, MA 02466 USA. RP Dufek, EJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM tedd.lister@inl.gov RI Dufek, Eric/B-8847-2017 OI Dufek, Eric/0000-0003-4802-1997 FU INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX Work supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office. This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP F514 EP F517 DI 10.1149/2.011209jes PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010OR UT WOS:000309104400048 ER PT J AU Hwang, GS Weber, AZ AF Hwang, G. S. Weber, A. Z. TI Effective-Diffusivity Measurement of Partially-Saturated Fuel-Cell Gas-Diffusion Layers SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; POROSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; OXYGEN DIFFUSIVITY; PEMFC GDLS; MEDIA; PERFORMANCE; PEFC; WETTABILITY; RADIOGRAPHY AB In proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells, flooding of the cathode gas-diffusion layer (GDL) hinders the gaseous reactant transport and thereby limits cell performance. The understanding of the effective diffusivity of the reactants through the GDL is essential for performance optimization and material design. In this paper, the effective diffusivities of unsaturated and partially-saturated GDLs are experimentally examined using an ex-situ electrochemical limiting-current method for various, uncompressed GDLs including different PTFE loadings. For unsaturated (including PTFE loadings) and partially-saturated (no PTFE) GDLs, the experimental results follow a power law with respect to porosity and saturation, respectively. PTFE treatment favorably changes the liquid distribution for improved gas-transport pathways, and a new correlation is proposed using a cumulative log-normal distribution function; however, the impact of PTFE on the overall effective diffusivity depends on the specific GDL structure. This work provides insights for fuel-cell models and transport phenomena, which can lead to the optimal GDL material design and cell operation. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.024211jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, G. S.; Weber, A. Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hwang, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azweber@lbl.gov OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [LB08003874]; Toyota Motor Company [LB08003874] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by CRADA agreement LB08003874 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Toyota Motor Company. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 11 BP F683 EP F692 DI 10.1149/2.024211jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PS UT WOS:000309107200058 ER PT J AU Joghee, P Pylypenko, S Olson, T Dameron, A Corpuz, A Dinh, HN Wood, K O'Neill, K Hurst, K Bender, G Gennett, T Pivovar, B O'Hayre, R AF Joghee, Prabhuram Pylypenko, Svitlana Olson, Tim Dameron, Arrelaine Corpuz, April Dinh, Huyen N. Wood, Kevin O'Neill, Kevin Hurst, Katherine Bender, Guido Gennett, Thomas Pivovar, Bryan O'Hayre, Ryan TI Enhanced Stability of PtRu Supported on N-Doped Carbon for the Anode of a DMFC SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METHANOL FUEL-CELL; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; HYDROUS RUTHENIUM OXIDE; MODEL CATALYST SUPPORTS; PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION; NANOTUBES; DURABILITY; MEMBRANE AB The performance and long-term stability of a direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) employing PtRu supported on nitrogen-modified carbon is compared with that of PtRu/C (Hi-spec 5000). The long-term stability test is carried by means of accelerated degradation testing (ADT) at an anodic potential of 0.8 V vs. DHE for 640h. The initial DMFC performance of the MEA containing PtRu/C (N-doped) is slightly lower than that of the PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC) because of the lower ECSA of the former. After 640h ADT, the anode ECSA loss is found to be similar to 21% and similar to 26% for the PtRu/C (N-doped) and PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC), respectively. Electrochemical analyzes reveal that cathode of the MEA with PtRu/C (N-doped) is less contaminated with Ru. It is further corroborated by post-mortem analysis done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with EDS, which indicates 4.8 and 8.2 at.% Ru accumulation, respectively, in the cathodes of the PtRu/C (N-doped) and PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC) MEAs after 640h ADT. Although both MEAs sustain anode and cathode ECSA losses, the performance for the PtRu/C (N-doped) MEA is improved by similar to 28% and similar to 8% after initial and long-term ADT, while the performance for the PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC) MEA is improved by similar to 20% after initial and decreased by similar to 3% after long-term ADT. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.063211jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Joghee, Prabhuram; Pylypenko, Svitlana; Wood, Kevin; O'Hayre, Ryan] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pylypenko, Svitlana; Olson, Tim; Dameron, Arrelaine; Dinh, Huyen N.; O'Neill, Kevin; Hurst, Katherine; Bender, Guido; Gennett, Thomas; Pivovar, Bryan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Corpuz, April] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Joghee, P (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rohayre@mines.edu RI O'Hayre, Ryan/A-8183-2009 FU Army Research Office at CSM [W911NF-09-1-0528]; U.S. Department of Energy EERE, FCT Program [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Army Research Office under grant #W911NF-09-1-0528 at CSM. The work at NREL is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy EERE, FCT Program, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors also acknowledge Electron Microscopy Laboratory at CSM. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 11 BP F768 EP F778 DI 10.1149/2.063211jes PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PS UT WOS:000309107200069 ER EF