FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Boyce, JR Afanasev, A Baker, OK Beard, KB Biallas, G Minarni, M Ramdon, R Robinson, T Shinn, M Slocum, P AF Boyce, J. R. Afanasev, A. Baker, O. K. Beard, K. B. Biallas, G. Minarni, M. Ramdon, R. Robinson, T. Shinn, M. Slocum, P. BE Delepine, D TI LIPSS Free-Electron Laser Searches for Dark Matter SO VI INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DARK SIDE OF THE UNIVERSE (DSU 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on the Dark Side of the Universe (DSU) CY JUN 01-06, 2010 CL Univ Guanajuato, Phys Dept, Campus Leon, Guanajuato, MEXICO HO Univ Guanajuato, Phys Dept, Campus Leon AB A variety of Dark Matter particle candidates have been hypothesized by physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in the very light (10(-6) - 10(-3) eV) range. In the past decade several international groups have conducted laboratory experiments designed to either produce such particles or extend the boundaries in parameter space. The LIght Pseudo-scalar and Scalar Search (LIPSS) Collaboration, using the "Light Shining through a Wall" (LSW) technique, pass the high average power photon beam from Jefferson Lab's Free-Electron Laser through a magnetic field upstream from a mirror and optical beam dump. Light Neutral Bosons (LNBs), generated by coupling of photons with the magnetic field, pass through the mirror ("the Wall") into an identical magnetic field where they revert to detectable photons by the same coupling process. While no evidence of LNBs was evident, new scalar coupling boundaries were established. New constraints were also determined for hypothetical paraphotons and for millicharged fermions. We describe our experimental setup and results for LNBs, para-photons, and milli-charged fermions. Plans for chameleon particle searches are underway C1 [Boyce, J. R.; Biallas, G.; Robinson, T.; Shinn, M.] Jefferson Lab, FEL Div, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Boyce, JR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, FEL Div, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 315 AR 012002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/315/1/012002 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BXD46 UT WOS:000295804500002 ER PT S AU Hennings-Yeomans, R AF Hennings-Yeomans, R. CA DEAP CLEAN Collaboration BE Delepine, D TI Direct Detection of Dark Matter with MiniCLEAN SO VI INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DARK SIDE OF THE UNIVERSE (DSU 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on the Dark Side of the Universe (DSU) CY JUN 01-06, 2010 CL Univ Guanajuato, Phys Dept, Campus Leon, Guanajuato, MEXICO HO Univ Guanajuato, Phys Dept, Campus Leon ID INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES; MOLECULAR-TRITIUM; LIQUID ARGON; BETA-DECAY; ENERGY; LIMIT AB Overwhelming astrophysical evidence indicates that non-baryonic Dark Matter constitutes most of the mass of the Universe. Nevertheless, the particle nature of Dark Matter remains a long standing mystery. The use of noble liquids as scintillators in single and dual-phase detectors are some of the most promising scalable WIMP detectors currently planned and under construction. The MiniCLEAN experiment will have 92 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) looking at a liquid Argon detector mass of over 500 kg in a single-phase configuration. It will use Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) techniques to search for low-energy WIMP nuclear recoils inside a fiducial volume. Liquid Argon would be interchangeable with liquid Neon to study A(2) dependence of a potential signal and examine backgrounds external to the cryogenic liquid. For the Argon run, MiniCLEAN projects a sensitivity in terms of spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-section of 2x10(-45) cm(2) for a mass of 100 GeV/c(2). A status report of MiniCLEAN will be presented as well as plans to deploy the experiment at SNOLAB. C1 [Hennings-Yeomans, R.; DEAP CLEAN Collaboration] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hennings-Yeomans, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hennings@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 315 AR 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/315/1/012010 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BXD46 UT WOS:000295804500010 ER PT S AU Carns, P Harms, K Allcock, W Bacon, C Lang, S Latham, R Ross, R AF Carns, Philip Harms, Kevin Allcock, William Bacon, Charles Lang, Samuel Latham, Robert Ross, Robert BE Brinkmann, A Pease, D TI Understanding and Improving Computational Science Storage Access through Continuous Characterization SO 2011 IEEE 27TH SYMPOSIUM ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (MSST) SE IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies Proceedings-MSST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE AB Computational science applications are driving a demand for increasingly powerful storage systems. While many techniques are available for capturing the I/O behavior of individual application trial runs and specific components of the storage system, continuous characterization of a production system remains a daunting challenge for systems with hundreds of thousands of compute cores and multiple petabytes of storage. As a result, these storage systems are often designed without a clear understanding of the diverse computational science workloads they will support. In this study, we outline a methodology for scalable, continuous, systemwide I/O characterization that combines storage device instrumentation, static file system analysis, and a new mechanism for capturing detailed application-level behavior. This methodology allows us to quantify systemwide trends such as the way application behavior changes with job size, the "burstiness" of the storage system, and the evolution of file system contents over time. The data also can be examined by application domain to determine the most prolific storage users and also investigate how their I/O strategies correlate with I/O performance. At the most detailed level, our characterization methodology can also be used to focus on individual applications and guide tuning efforts for those applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology by performing a multilevel, two-month study of Intrepid, a 557-teraflop IBM Blue Gene/P system. During that time, we captured application-level I/O characterizations from 6,481 unique jobs spanning 38 science and engineering projects with up to 163,840 processes per job. We also captured patterns of I/O activity in over 8 petabytes of block device traffic and summarized the contents of file systems containing over 191 million files. We then used the results of our study to tune example applications, highlight trends that impact the design of future storage systems, and identify opportunities for improvement in I/O characterization methodology. C1 [Carns, Philip; Lang, Samuel; Latham, Robert; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Harms, Kevin; Allcock, William; Bacon, Charles] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Fac, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carns, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM carns@mcs.anl.gov; harms@alcf.anl.gov; allcock@alcf.anl.gov; bacon@alcf.anl.gov; slang@mcs.anl.gov; robl@mcs.anl.gov; robr@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Eergy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Eergy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-195X BN 978-1-4577-0428-4 J9 IEEE S MASS STOR SYS PY 2011 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BWZ54 UT WOS:000295414100001 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Oral, S Shipman, GM Lee, J Dillow, DA Wang, FY AF Kim, Youngjae Oral, Sarp Shipman, Galen M. Lee, Junghee Dillow, David A. Wang, Feiyi BE Brinkmann, A Pease, D TI Harmonia: A Globally Coordinated Garbage Collector for Arrays of Solid-state Drives SO 2011 IEEE 27TH SYMPOSIUM ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (MSST) SE IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies Proceedings-MSST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE ID FLASH; DESIGN AB Solid-State Drives (SSDs) offer significant performance improvements over hard disk drives (HDD) on a number of workloads. The frequency of garbage collection (GC) activity is directly correlated with the pattern, frequency, and volume of write requests, and scheduling of GC is controlled by logic internal to the SSD. SSDs can exhibit significant performance degradations when garbage collection (GC) conflicts with an ongoing I/O request stream. When using SSDs in a RAID array, the lack of coordination of the local GC processes amplifies these performance degradations. No RAID controller or SSD available today has the technology to overcome this limitation. This paper presents Harmonia, a Global Garbage Collection (GGC) mechanism to improve response times and reduce performance variability for a RAID array of SSDs. Our proposal includes a high-level design of SSD-aware RAID controller and GGC-capable SSD devices, as well as algorithms to coordinate the global GC cycles. Our simulations show that this design improves response time and reduces performance variability for a wide variety of enterprise workloads. For bursty, write dominant workloads response time was improved by 69% while performance variability was reduced by 71%. C1 [Kim, Youngjae; Oral, Sarp; Shipman, Galen M.; Lee, Junghee; Dillow, David A.; Wang, Feiyi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kimy1@ornl.gov; oralhs@ornl.gov; gshipman@ornl.gov; 7o2@ornl.gov; dillowa@ornl.gov; fwang2@ornl.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-195X BN 978-1-4577-0428-4 J9 IEEE S MASS STOR SYS PY 2011 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BWZ54 UT WOS:000295414100013 ER PT S AU Settlemyer, BW Dobson, JD Hodson, SW Kuehn, JA Poole, SW Ruwart, TM AF Settlemyer, Bradley W. Dobson, Jonathan D. Hodson, Stephen W. Kuehn, Jeffery A. Poole, Stephen W. Ruwart, Thomas M. BE Brinkmann, A Pease, D TI A Technique for Moving Large Data Sets over High-Performance Long Distance Networks SO 2011 IEEE 27TH SYMPOSIUM ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (MSST) SE IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies Proceedings-MSST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE AB In this paper we look at the performance characteristics of three tools used to move large data sets over dedicated long distance networking infrastructure. Although performance studies of wide area networks have been a frequent topic of interest, performance analyses have tended to focus on network latency characteristics and peak throughput using network traffic generators. In this study we instead perform an end-to-end long distance networking analysis that includes reading large data sets from a source file system and committing the data to a remote destination file system. An evaluation of end-to-end data movement is also an evaluation of the system configurations employed and the tools used to move the data. For this paper, we have built several storage platforms and connected them with a high performance long distance network configuration. We use these systems to analyze the capabilities of three data movement tools: BBcp, GridFTP, and XDD. Our studies demonstrate that existing data movement tools do not provide efficient performance levels or exercise the storage devices in their highest performance modes. C1 [Settlemyer, Bradley W.; Dobson, Jonathan D.; Hodson, Stephen W.; Kuehn, Jeffery A.; Poole, Stephen W.; Ruwart, Thomas M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Settlemyer, BW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM settlemyerbw@ornl.gov; dobsonjd@ornl.gov; hodsonsw@ornl.gov; kuehn@ornl.gov; spoole@ornl.gov; tmruwart@ioperformance.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-195X BN 978-1-4577-0428-4 J9 IEEE S MASS STOR SYS PY 2011 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BWZ54 UT WOS:000295414100025 ER PT S AU Ammons, SM Hart, M Coughenour, B Romeo, R Martin, R Rademacher, M AF Ammons, S. Mark Hart, Michael Coughenour, Blake Romeo, Robert Martin, Robert Rademacher, Matt BE Tyson, RK Hart, M TI Demonstration of a 17 cm robust carbon fiber deformable mirror for adaptive optics SO ASTRONOMICAL ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications IV CY AUG 21-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; carbon fiber; carbon fiber reinforced polymer; CFRP; composite; thin-shell; deformable; adaptive secondary ID SECONDARY MIRROR; GIANT PLANETS; HR 8799; SYSTEM; TELESCOPE; IMAGES; STARS; MMT AB Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite is an attractive material for fabrication of optics due to its high stiffness-to-weight ratio, robustness, zero coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and the ability to replicate multiple optics from the same mandrel. We use 8 and 17 cm prototype CFRP thin-shell deformable mirrors to show that residual CTE variation may be addressed with mounted actuators for a variety of mirror sizes. We present measurements of surface quality at a range of temperatures characteristic of mountaintop observatories. For the 8 cm piece, the figure error of the Al-coated reflective surface under best actuator correction is similar to 43 nm RMS. The 8 cm mirror has a low surface error internal to the outer ring of actuators (17 nm RMS at 20 degrees C and 33 nm RMS at -5 degrees C). Surface roughness is low (<3 nm P-V) at a variety of temperatures. We present new figure quality measurements of the larger 17 cm mirror, showing that the intra-actuator figure error internal to the outer ring of actuators (38 nm RMS surface with one-third the actuator density of the 8 cm mirror) does not scale sharply with mirror diameter. C1 [Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ammons, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, L-210,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ammons1@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-759-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8149 AR 81490C DI 10.1117/12.894186 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXH05 UT WOS:000296103600012 ER PT J AU Behrens, CR Romanini, DW Hooker, JM O'Neil, JP Francis, MB AF Behrens, Christopher R. Romanini, Dante W. Hooker, Jacob M. O'Neil, James P. Francis, Matthew B. TI Radiolabeling of MS2 Virus-like Particles with F-18-Fluoroaniline Using an Oxidative Coupling Reaction SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Behrens, Christopher R.; Romanini, Dante W.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hooker, Jacob M.] Harvard Univ, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp,Dept Radiol, Charlestown, MA USA. [O'Neil, James P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Dept Mol Imaging & Neurosci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Francis, Matthew B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S547 EP S547 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600547 ER PT J AU Best, M Kim, SW Muench, L Alexoff, D Paven, M Reffert, L Piel, M Ferrieri, R Babst, B Gifford, A Rosch, F Fowler, JS AF Best, Marcel Kim, Sung Won Muench, Lisa Alexoff, David Paven, Maxime Reffert, Laura Piel, Markus Ferrieri, Richard Babst, Ben Gifford, Andrew Roesch, Frank Fowler, Joanna S. TI Development of a C-11-labeling method for the plant hormone azelaic acid to investigate the molecular specificity of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in nicotiana tabacum and zea mayz SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Best, Marcel; Paven, Maxime; Reffert, Laura; Piel, Markus; Roesch, Frank] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany. [Kim, Sung Won; Muench, Lisa; Alexoff, David; Ferrieri, Richard; Babst, Ben; Gifford, Andrew; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Piel, Markus/L-8787-2016 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S103 EP S103 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600104 ER PT J AU Janabi, M Gullberg, GT O'Neil, JP AF Janabi, Mustafa Gullberg, Grant T. O'Neil, James P. TI The use of GE's automated synthesis module (FxFN) for the production of [F-18]Fluorodihydrorotenol (FDHROL) and [F-18]Fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Janabi, Mustafa; Gullberg, Grant T.; O'Neil, James P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S431 EP S431 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600431 ER PT J AU Janabi, M O'Neil, JP Brennan, K Seo, YH Gullberg, GT AF Janabi, Mustafa O'Neil, James P. Brennan, Kathleen Seo Youngho Gullberg, Grant T. TI The use of microPET/CT imaging of rodents to quantify cardiac perfusion and metabolism as a function of cardiac hypertrophy and age SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Janabi, Mustafa; O'Neil, James P.; Brennan, Kathleen; Gullberg, Grant T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo Youngho; Gullberg, Grant T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S157 EP S157 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600158 ER PT J AU Jivan, S Buckley, KR English, W O'Neil, JP AF Jivan, Salma Buckley, Ken R. English, Wade O'Neil, James P. TI Carbon-11 methyl iodide yields from two in-house methyl iodide production systems SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UBC TRIUMF PET Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Biomed Isotope Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S432 EP S432 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600432 ER PT J AU Mausner, LF Medvedev, D Meinken, GE Dodge, C Korach, E Srivastava, SC AF Mausner, Leonard F. Medvedev, Dmitry Meinken, George E. Dodge, Cleveland Korach, Elizabeth Srivastava, Suresh C. TI Production of high specific activity Cu-67 with a large enriched Zn-68 target SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mausner, Leonard F.; Medvedev, Dmitry; Meinken, George E.; Dodge, Cleveland; Korach, Elizabeth; Srivastava, Suresh C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600056 ER PT J AU Medvedev, DG Mausner, LF Kurczak, SO Srivastava, S AF Medvedev, Dmitri G. Mausner, Leonard F. Kurczak, Slawko O. Srivastava, Suresh TI Overview of the development of large scale production of Y-86 at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Medvedev, Dmitri G.; Mausner, Leonard F.; Kurczak, Slawko O.; Srivastava, Suresh] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S236 EP S236 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600236 ER PT J AU O'Neil, JP Powell, J Janabi, M AF O'Neil, James P. Powell, James Janabi, Mustafa TI Evolution of a high yield gas phase (CH3I)-C-11 rig at LBNL SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [O'Neil, James P.; Powell, James; Janabi, Mustafa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Biomed Isotope Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S101 EP S101 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600102 ER PT J AU Reid, AE Kim, SW Seinner, B Hooker, J Ferrieri, R Babst, B Fowler, JS AF Reid, Alicia E. Kim, Sung Won Seinner, Brienne Hooker, Jacob Ferrieri, Richard Babst, Benjamin Fowler, Joanna S. TI C-11 labeling of the auxin (3-indolyl[1-C-11]acetic acid) and its derivatives from gramine for PET imaging of transport and signaling in plants SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reid, Alicia E.] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11973 USA. [Kim, Sung Won] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. [Seinner, Brienne] U Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Hooker, Jacob] Martinos Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Ferrieri, Richard; Babst, Benjamin; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S25 EP S25 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600026 ER PT J AU Seo, YJ Lisa, M Kang, Y Kim, SW Hooker, J Reid, AE Haggarty, S Volkow, N Fowler, JS AF Seo, Young Jun Lisa, Muench Kang, Yeona Kim, Sung Won Hooker, Jacob Reid, Alicia E. Haggarty, Stephen Volkow, Nora Fowler, Joanna S. TI The rational design and development of C-11 labeled PET radiotracers for histone deacetylase in the central nervous system SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID BRAIN C1 [Seo, Young Jun; Kang, Yeona; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lisa, Muench; Kim, Sung Won; Volkow, Nora] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hooker, Jacob] Martinos Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Reid, Alicia E.] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Haggarty, Stephen] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Volkow, Nora] NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S315 EP S315 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600315 ER PT J AU Suzanne, L Graham, P Aaron, C Jennifer, R Francois, N John, D Thomas, R Bradley, S AF Suzanne, Lapi Graham, Peaslee Aaron, Couture Jennifer, Ressler Francois, Nortier John, D'Auria Thomas, Ruth Bradley, Sherrill TI Isotope Harvesting Potential at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Suzanne, Lapi] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Graham, Peaslee] Hope Coll, Holland, MI 49423 USA. [Aaron, Couture; Francois, Nortier] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Jennifer, Ressler] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [John, D'Auria] AAPS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Thomas, Ruth] TRIUMF BC Canc Agcy, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Bradley, Sherrill] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S147 EP S147 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600148 ER PT J AU Vandehey, NT Buchko, R Nico, P Druhan, J Moses, W O'Neil, J AF Vandehey, Nicholas T. Buchko, Rostyslav Nico, Peter Druhan, Jenny Moses, William O'Neil, James TI Use of commercially available [99m-Tc] labelled radiopharmaceuticals for bioremediation research: An investigation of [99m-Tc]pertechnetate and [99m-Tc]DTPA in sediment microcosms SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vandehey, Nicholas T.; Buchko, Rostyslav; Moses, William; O'Neil, James] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Nico, Peter; Druhan, Jenny] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Druhan, Jenny] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010; Druhan, Jennifer/G-2584-2011 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S339 EP S339 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600339 ER PT J AU Wycoff, D DeGraffenreid, A Sisay, N Ketring, A Cutler, C Fassbender, M Ballard, B Jurisson, S AF Wycoff, Donald DeGraffenreid, Anthony Sisay, Nebiat Ketring, Alan Cutler, Cathy Fassbender, Michael Ballard, Beau Jurisson, Silvia TI Evaluation of ion exchange methods in the separation of arsenic and selenium for a Se-72/As-72 radionuclide generator SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wycoff, Donald; DeGraffenreid, Anthony; Sisay, Nebiat; Jurisson, Silvia] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Ketring, Alan; Cutler, Cathy] Univ Missouri Res Reactor MURR, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Fassbender, Michael; Ballard, Beau] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Ballard, Beau/E-2925-2017 OI Ballard, Beau/0000-0003-1206-9358 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2011 VL 54 SU 1 BP S125 EP S125 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 833RC UT WOS:000295901600126 ER PT J AU Chan, TS Dong, CL Chen, YH Lu, YR Wu, SY Ma, YR Lin, CC Liu, RS Chen, JL Guo, JH Lee, JF Sheu, HS Yang, CC Chen, CL AF Chan, Ting-Shan Dong, Chung-Li Chen, Yi-Hauan Lu, Ying-Rui Wu, Sheng-Yun Ma, Yuan-Ron Lin, Chun-Che Liu, Ru-Shi Chen, Jeng-Lung Guo, JingHua Lee, Jyh-Fu Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn Yang, Chun-Chuen Chen, Chi-Liang TI Mechanism of light emission and electronic properties of a Eu3+-doped Bi2SrTa2O9 system determined by coupled X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT LUMINESCENCE MATERIALS; EMITTING DIODE; RED PHOSPHORS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MN2+ PHOSPHOR; EU3+ IONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; BA3MGSI2O8-EU2+; ENHANCEMENT; TEMPERATURE AB The origin of light emission from newly discovered orange-red UV light emitting diodes, and their electronic properties are critical issues yet to be understood. In this study, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and emission spectroscopy (XES) are utilized to examine the electronic structure of the Eu3+-doped Bi2SrTa2O9 system. While no significant change in the electronic structure is observed around the Bi and Ta sites, variation around the Eu and Sr atoms is observed, along with even more significant changes in the O 2p states in the conduction band. Upon UV irradiation, Eu-induced states within the conduction band are observed and found to shift to the conduction band minimum upon substitution of Sr with Eu. This phenomenon is the result of the creation by Eu of an excitable state and the fact that Eu is more electronegative than Sr, such that the substitution lowers the Eu 4f5d-O 2p hybridized states. Consequently, the substitution reduces the energy of electron recombination between the valence and conduction bands, which is consistent with the red shift in the photoluminescence spectra. The presence of the newly formed hole states distributed over the O 2p states in the conduction band is strongly correlated with the emission intensity. The results and analyses demonstrate that Eu can be introduced to tailor the Eu-O hybridized states within the conduction band and change the route of recombination, suggesting that Eu is critically involved in light emission in these UV-induced orange-red emitting LED materials. C1 [Chan, Ting-Shan; Dong, Chung-Li; Lee, Jyh-Fu; Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Chen, Yi-Hauan; Lu, Ying-Rui; Wu, Sheng-Yun; Ma, Yuan-Ron] Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Phys, Hualien 974, Taiwan. [Lin, Chun-Che; Liu, Ru-Shi] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chen, Jeng-Lung; Guo, JingHua] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Yang, Chun-Chuen] Chung Yuan Christian Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Chen, Chi-Liang] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Chan, TS (reprint author), Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. EM chan.ts@nsrrc.org.tw; dong.cl@nsrrc.org.tw RI Chen, Chi Liang/F-4649-2012; Liu, Ru-Shi/A-6796-2010 OI Liu, Ru-Shi/0000-0002-1291-9052 FU National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan [NSC 98-2113-M-213-001-MY2, NSC-98-2112-M-213-006-MY3]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan (Contract Nos. NSC 98-2113-M-213-001-MY2 and NSC-98-2112-M-213-006-MY3.). We thank NSRRC staff for useful discussions and experimental support. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 43 BP 17119 EP 17127 DI 10.1039/c1jm11849h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 837MG UT WOS:000296207300017 ER PT J AU Bak, SM Nam, KW Lee, CW Kim, KH Jung, HC Yang, XQ Kim, KB AF Bak, Seong-Min Nam, Kyung-Wan Lee, Chang-Wook Kim, Kwang-Heon Jung, Hyun-Chul Yang, Xiao-Qing Kim, Kwang-Bum TI Spinel LiMn2O4/reduced graphene oxide hybrid for high rate lithium ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; REVERSIBLE CAPACITY; CYCLIC PERFORMANCE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; HIGH-POWER; NANOPARTICLES; ABSORPTION; ELECTRODES AB A well-crystallized and nano-sized spinel LiMn2O4/reduced graphene oxide hybrid cathode material for high rate lithium-ion batteries has been successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at 200 degrees C for 30 min without any post heat-treatment. The nano-sized LiMn2O4 particles were evenly dispersed on the reduced graphene oxide template without agglomeration, which allows the inherent high active surface area of individual LiMn2O4 nanoparticles in the hybrid. These unique structural and morphological properties of LiMn2O4 on the highly conductive reduced graphene oxide sheets in the hybrid enable achieving the high specific capacity, an excellent high rate capability and stable cycling performance. An analysis of the cyclic voltammogram data revealed that a large surface charge storage contribution of the LiMn2O4/reduced graphene oxide hybrid plays an important role in achieving faster charge/discharge. C1 [Nam, Kyung-Wan; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bak, Seong-Min; Lee, Chang-Wook; Kim, Kwang-Heon; Kim, Kwang-Bum] Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jung, Hyun-Chul] Samsung Electromech Co LTD, Cent R&D Inst, Suwon 443743, Gyunggi Do, South Korea. RP Nam, KW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM knam@bnl.gov; kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Bak, Seong Min/J-4597-2013; OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Bak, Seong-Min/0000-0002-1626-5949 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2007-0055835]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the National Research Laboratory Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (Grant No.: 2007-0055835). The work done at BNL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 42 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 12 U2 119 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 43 BP 17309 EP 17315 DI 10.1039/c1jm13741g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 837MG UT WOS:000296207300040 ER PT J AU Zhang, YY Tang, ZW Wang, J Wu, H Lin, CT Lin, YH AF Zhang, Youyu Tang, Zhiwen Wang, Jun Wu, Hong Lin, Chiann-Tso Lin, Yuehe TI Apoferritin nanoparticle: a novel and biocompatible carrier for enzyme immobilization with enhanced activity and stability SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HORSE SPLEEN APOFERRITIN; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; ALGINATE MICROSPHERES; FOREST ELECTRODES; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; AMPLIFICATION; PROTEIN; FILM; GOLD AB Apoferritin is a uniform spherical nano-size biomaterial with excellent bio-compatibility. In this work, we report the use of apoferritin as a novel biocompatible carrier for stabilizing enzymes and enhancing their activities. We used glucose oxidase (GOx) as a model enzyme in this study. GOx was immobilized on the surface of the apoferritin through a green synthetic approach, taking advantage of bioaffinity binding between streptavidin and biotin. As a result, a glucose oxidase-biotin/streptavidin/biotin-apoferritin conjugate (Apo-GOx) was prepared using streptavidin as the bridge. The synthesized Apo-GOx was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. The activity and stability of GOx on the surface of the apoferritin were investigated and challenged by different environmental factors, such as the temperature, chemicals and pH, in comparison with the biotinylated GOx (B-GOx). The results demonstrate that the activity of Apo-GOx is significantly enhanced while the thermal and chemical stabilities of Apo-GOx are also greatly improved compared to free B-GOx. For instance, the activity of the Apo-GOx only lost 30% after 2 h incubation at 50 oC in comparison to a 70% loss of free B-GOx. The activity of Apo-GOx remains intact after 30 min incubation in 5 M urea solution while B-GOx lost 80% activity after the same treatment. Furthermore, glucose detection was used as a model application for the enzyme immobilization method developed in this work. The GOx immobilized apoferritin nanoparticles exhibited high sensitivity for glucose detection with a detection limit of 3 nM glucose. This work offers a novel approach for immobilizing enzymes with enhanced stability and activity, thus holds the promising advantage for a number of applications, such as in enzyme catalysis, DNA assays and immunoassays. C1 [Zhang, Youyu; Tang, Zhiwen; Wang, Jun; Wu, Hong; Lin, Chiann-Tso; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhang, Youyu] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Chem Biol & Tradit Chinese Med Res, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Zhang, Youyu /D-9617-2013; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Zhang, Youyu /0000-0002-7502-6817; Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [U54 ES16015]; National Institute of Health (NIH); NIH through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [U01 NS058161-01]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20975037] FX The work was done at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and was supported partially by Grant U54 ES16015 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institute of Health (NIH), and Grant U01 NS058161-01 from the NIH Counter ACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the federal government.; PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The characterization was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. Y. Zhang acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20975037). The authors would like to acknowledge Ms. Alice Dohnalkova for her help in TEM measurement. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 43 BP 17468 EP 17475 DI 10.1039/c1jm11598g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 837MG UT WOS:000296207300062 ER PT S AU Craven-Jones, J Kudenov, MW Stapelbroek, MG Dereniak, EL AF Craven-Jones, Julia Kudenov, Michael W. Stapelbroek, Maryn G. Dereniak, Eustace L. BE Shaw, JA Tyo, JS TI Preliminary Results from an Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Polarimeter SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing V CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE channeled spectropolarimetry; polarimeter; imaging Fourier transform spectrometer; birefringent interferometer; aliasing; Wollaston prisms ID SPECTROPOLARIMETER; POLARIZATION AB We present results from a SWIR/MWIR infrared hyperspectral imaging polarimeter (IHIP). The sensor includes a pair of sapphire Wollaston prisms and several high order retarders to form an imaging Fourier transform spectropolarimeter. The Wollaston prisms serve as a birefringent interferometer with reduced sensitivity to vibration versus an unequal path interferometer, such as a Michelson. Polarimetric data are acquired through the use of channeled spectropolarimetry to modulate the spectrum with the Stokes parameter information. We discuss the operation of the IHIP sensor, in addition to our calibration techniques. Lastly, spectropolarimetric results from the laboratory and outdoor tests are presented. C1 [Craven-Jones, Julia] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Craven-Jones, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0406, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-770-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8160 AR 81600T DI 10.1117/12.892593 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXI33 UT WOS:000296182300025 ER PT S AU Mottola, E AF Mottola, Emil BE Aldaya, V Barcelo, C Jaramillo, JL TI New Horizons in Gravity: Dark Energy and Condensate Stars SO SPANISH RELATIVITY MEETING (ERE 2010): GRAVITY AS A CROSSROAD IN PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE 2010) on Gravity as a Crossroad in Physics CY SEP 06-10, 2010 CL Inst Astrofisica Andalucia (IAA-CSIC), Granada, SPAIN HO Inst Astrofisica Andalucia (IAA-CSIC) ID CLASSICAL GENERAL-RELATIVITY; QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BLACK-HOLE PHYSICS; X-RAY-BURSTS; EVENT-HORIZON; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; EINSTEINS THEORY; THIN SHELLS; FIELD AB Black holes are an apparently unavoidable prediction of classical General Relativity, at least if matter obeys the strong energy condition rho + 3p >= 0. However quantum vacuum fluctuations generally violate this condition, as does the eq. of state of cosmological dark energy rho = -p > 0. When quantum effects are considered, black holes lead to a number of thermodynamic paradoxes associated with the Hawking temperature and assumption of black hole entropy, which are briefly reviewed. It is argued that the largest quantum effects arise from the conformal scalar degrees of freedom generated by the trace anomaly of the stress-energy tensor in curved space. At event horizons these can have macroscopically large backreaction effects on the geometry, potentially removing the classical event horizon of black hole and cosmological spacetimes, replacing them with a quantum phase boundary layer, where the effective value of the gravitational vacuum energy density can change. In the effective theory including the quantum effects of the anomaly, the cosmological term A becomes a dynamical condensate, whose value depends upon boundary conditions at the horizon. By taking a positive value in the interior of a fully collapsed star, the effective cosmological term removes any singularity, replacing it with a smooth dark energy de Sitter interior. The resulting gravitational vacuum condensate star (or gravastar) configuration resolves all black hole paradoxes, and provides a testable alternative to black holes as the final quantum mechanical end state of complete gravitational collapse. The observed Lambda(eff) dark energy of our universe likewise may be a macroscopic finite size effect whose value depends not on Planck scale or other microphysics but on the cosmological Hubble horizon scale itself. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mottola, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM emil@lanl.gov OI Mottola, Emil/0000-0003-1067-1388 NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 314 AR 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/314/1/012010 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BXD42 UT WOS:000295798700010 ER PT S AU Ammons, SM Bendek, EA Guyon, O AF Ammons, S. Mark Bendek, Eduardo A. Guyon, Olivier BE Shaklan, S TI Microarcsecond relative astrometry from the ground with a diffractive pupil SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V CY AUG 23-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE astrometry; diffractive pupil; microarcsecond; SIM; PECO; differential atmospheric refraction; extrasolar planet; exoearth; differential tip/tilt jitter ID HIGH-PRECISION ASTROMETRY; GALACTIC-CENTER; STELLAR ORBITS; BLACK-HOLE; TELESCOPES; DISTORTION; GALAXY; WFPC2 AB The practical use of astrometry to detect exoplanets via the reflex motion of the parent star depends critically on the elimination of systematic noise floors in imaging systems. In the diffractive pupil technique proposed for space-based detection of exo-earths, extended diffraction spikes generated by a dotted primary mirror are referenced against a wide-field grid of background stars to calibrate changing optical distortion and achieve microarcsecond astrometric precision on bright targets (Guyon et al. 2010). We describe applications of this concept to ground-based uncrowded astrometry using a diffractive, monopupil telescope and a wide-field camera to image as many as similar to 4000 background reference stars. Final relative astrometric precision is limited by differential tip/tilt jitter caused by high altitude layers of turbulence. A diffractive 3-meter telescope is capable of reaching similar to 35 mu as relative astrometric error per coordinate perpendicular to the zenith vector in three hours on a bright target star (I < 10) in fields of moderate stellar density (similar to 40 stars arcmin(-2) with I < 23). Smaller diffractive apertures (D < 1 m) can achieve 100-200 mu as performance with the same stellar density and exposure time and a large telescope (6.5-10 m) could achieve as low as 10 mu as, nearly an order of magnitude better than current space-based facilities. The diffractive pupil enables the use of larger fields of view through calibration of changing optical distortion as well as brighter target stars (V < 6) by preventing star saturation. Permitting the sky to naturally roll to average signals over many thousands of pixels can mitigate the effects of detector imperfections. C1 [Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ammons, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, L-210,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ammons1@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-761-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8151 AR 81510T DI 10.1117/12.894198 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BXH03 UT WOS:000296102700027 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, P Shukla, SK Sharma, RK AF Chaudhary, Pankaj Shukla, Sandeep Kumar Sharma, Rakesh Kumar TI REC-2006-A Fractionated Extract of Podophyllum hexandrum Protects Cellular DNA from Radiation-Induced Damage by Reducing the Initial Damage and Enhancing Its Repair In Vivo SO EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SWISS ALBINO MICE; ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION; INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT; CELLS; VITRO; ASSAY AB Podophyllum hexandrum, a perennial herb commonly known as the Himalayan May Apple, is well known in Indian and Chinese traditional systems of medicine. P. hexandrum has been widely used for the treatment of venereal warts, skin infections, bacterial and viral infections, and different cancers of the brain, lung and bladder. This study aimed at elucidating the effect of REC-2006, a bioactive fractionated extract from the rhizome of P. hexandrum, on the kinetics of induction and repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in murine thymocytes in vivo. We evaluated its effect on non-specific radiation-induced DNA damage by the alkaline halo assay in terms of relative nuclear spreading factor (RNSF) and gene-specific radiation-induced DNA damage via semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Whole body exposure of animals with gamma rays (10Gy) caused a significant amount of DNA damage in thymocytes (RNSF values 17.7 +/- 0.47, 12.96 +/- 1.64 and 3.3 +/- 0.014) and a reduction in the amplification of beta-globin gene to 0, 28 and 43% at 0, 15 and 60 min, respectively. Administrating REC-2006 at a radioprotective concentration (15mg kg(-1) body weight) 1 h before irradiation resulted in time-dependent reduction of DNA damage evident as a decrease in RNSF values 6.156 +/- 0.576, 1.647 +/- 0.534 and 0.496 +/- 0.012, and an increase in beta-globin gene amplification 36, 95 and 99%, at 0, 15 and 60 min, respectively. REC-2006 scavenged radiation-induced hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner stabilized DPPH free radicals and also inhibited superoxide anions. Various polyphenols and flavonoides present in REC-2006 might contribute to scavenging of radiation-induced free radicals, thereby preventing DNA damage and stimulating its repair. C1 [Chaudhary, Pankaj; Shukla, Sandeep Kumar; Sharma, Rakesh Kumar] INMAS, Delhi, India. [Chaudhary, Pankaj] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chaudhary, P (reprint author), INMAS, Delhi, India. EM chaudhary@bnl.gov FU Defence Research and Development Organization, Government of India [RD-P1/233] FX This work was supported by the research funds provided by Defence Research and Development Organization, Government of India, under the Charak program (Grant Number-RD-P1/233). NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1741-427X J9 EVID-BASED COMPL ALT JI Evid.-based Complement Altern. Med. PY 2011 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1093/ecam/nep212 PG 9 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 801SX UT WOS:000293461800001 ER PT S AU Ziaei-Moayyed, M Su, MF Reinke, C El-Kady, IF Olsson, RH AF Ziaei-Moayyed, M. Su, M. F. Reinke, C. El-Kady, I. F. Olsson, R. H., III GP IEEE TI SILICON CARBIDE PHONONIC CRYSTAL CAVITIES FOR MICROMECHANICAL RESONATORS SO 2011 IEEE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 23-27, 2011 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE ID BAND-STRUCTURE AB This paper demonstrates silicon carbide phononic crystal cavities for RF and microwave micromechanical resonators. We demonstrate design, fabrication, and characterization of Silicon Carbide/air phononic crystals used as Bragg acoustic mirrors to confine energy in a lateral SiC cavity. Aluminum nitride transducers drive and sense SiC overtone cavities in the 2-3GHz range with fxQ products exceeding 3x10(13) in air. This approach enables decoupling of the piezoelectric AlN material from the SiC cavity, resulting in high Q resonators at microwave frequencies. The SiC cavities are fabricated in a CMOS-compatible process, enabling integration with wirelesss communication systems. C1 [Ziaei-Moayyed, M.; Olsson, R. H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Adv MEMS, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ziaei-Moayyed, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Adv MEMS, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 FU DARPA for under the Chip Scale Spectrum Analyzers Program (CSSA); United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Dennis Polla of DARPA for funding under the Chip Scale Spectrum Analyzers Program (CSSA). The authors would like to acknowledge the staff of the Microelectronics Develop Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories for fabrication of the devices. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Sandia Corporation, Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-9634-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2011 BP 1377 EP 1381 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BXE03 UT WOS:000295841200344 ER PT S AU Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR AF Gallis, M. A. Torczynski, J. R. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI Efficient DSMC Collision-Partner Selection Schemes SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE rarefied gas dynamics; Direct Simulation Monte Carlo; algorithm; hypersonic flow AB The effect of collision-partner selection schemes on the accuracy and the efficiency of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method of Bird is investigated. Several schemes to reduce the total discretization error as a function of the mean collision separation and the mean collision time are examined. These include the historically first sub-cell scheme, the more recent nearest-neighbor scheme, and various near-neighbor schemes, which are evaluated for their effect on the thermal conductivity for Fourier flow. Their convergence characteristics as a function of spatial and temporal discretization and the number of simulators per cell are compared to the convergence characteristics of the sophisticated and standard DSMC algorithms. Improved performance is obtained if the population from which possible collision partners are selected is an appropriate fraction of the population of the cell. C1 [Gallis, M. A.; Torczynski, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gallis, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1063/1.3562656 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300036 ER PT S AU Rader, DJ Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR AF Rader, D. J. Gallis, M. A. Torczynski, J. R. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI DSMC Moving-Boundary Algorithms for Simulating MEMS Geometries with Opening and Closing Gaps SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE Direct Simulation Monte Carlo; MEMS; gas flow; moving boundary; noncontinuum ID MODEL AB Moving-boundary algorithms for the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method are investigated for a microbeam that moves toward and away from a parallel substrate. The simpler but analogous one-dimensional situation of a piston moving between two parallel walls is investigated using two moving-boundary algorithms. In the first, molecules are reflected rigorously from the moving piston by performing the reflections in the piston frame of reference. In the second, molecules are reflected approximately from the moving piston by moving the piston and subsequently moving all molecules and reflecting them from the moving piston at its new or old position. C1 [Rader, D. J.; Gallis, M. A.; Torczynski, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rader, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 760 EP 765 DI 10.1063/1.3562738 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300118 ER PT S AU Torczynski, JR Gallis, MA AF Torczynski, J. R. Gallis, M. A. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI DSMC-Based Shear-Stress/Velocity-Slip Boundary Condition for Navier-Stokes Couette-Flow Simulations SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE Direct Simulation Monte Carlo; Couette flow; shear stress; velocity slip; Navier-Stokes equations AB Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations are used to develop a shear-stress/velocity-slip boundary condition for Navier-Stokes (NS) simulations of low-speed isothermal Couette flow. In this boundary condition, the wall shear stress equals the product of the difference between the gas and wall velocities and a momentum transfer coefficient. This momentum transfer coefficient depends on two dimensionless parameters that determine its behavior in the near-continuum and transitional regimes, respectively. For a given gas, these parameters are determined by comparing the NS Couette-flow shear-stress expression to DSMC shear-stress values for free-molecular to near-continuum pressures with three values of the accommodation coefficient. The parameter values for argon, helium, nitrogen, air, and inverse-power-law (IPL) interactions from hard-sphere to Maxwell lie within narrow ranges. For the hard-sphere interaction, the DSMC-based results are in excellent agreement with previously published analytical approximations. C1 [Torczynski, J. R.; Gallis, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Torczynski, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 802 EP 807 DI 10.1063/1.3562745 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300125 ER PT S AU Bond, RB Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR AF Bond, R. B. Gallis, M. A. Torczynski, J. R. BE Levin, DA Wysong, IJ Garcia, AL TI DSMC Predictions of Non-equilibrium Reaction Rates SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS, 2010, PTS ONE AND TWO SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 10-15, 2010 CL Asilomar Conf Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Dept Aerospace Engn, Pennsylvania State Univ, Coll Engn, San Jose State Univ Res Fdn, Spectral Sci, Inc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Pennsylvania State Univ, Conf & Inst, Outreach HO Asilomar Conf Grounds DE Direct Simulation Monte Carlo; hypersonic flow; atmospheric chemistry; non-equilibrium rates ID DISSOCIATION; MODEL AB A set of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) chemical-reaction models recently proposed by Bird and based solely on the collision energy and the vibrational energy levels of the species involved is applied to calculate nonequilibrium chemical-reaction rates for atmospheric reactions in hypersonic flows. The DSMC non-equilibrium model predictions are in good agreement with theoretical models and experimental measurements. The observed agreement provides strong evidence that modeling chemical reactions using only the collision energy and the vibrational energy levels provides an accurate method for predicting non-equilibrium chemical-reaction rates. C1 [Bond, R. B.; Gallis, M. A.; Torczynski, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bond, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0889-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1333 BP 1203 EP 1208 DI 10.1063/1.3562807 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BXE34 UT WOS:000295855300187 ER PT J AU May, S Nonaka, A Almgren, A Bell, J AF May, Sandra Nonaka, Andrew Almgren, Ann Bell, John TI AN UNSPLIT, HIGHER-ORDER GODUNOV METHOD USING QUADRATIC RECONSTRUCTION FOR ADVECTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Godunov method; scalar conservation law; two-dimensional quadratic reconstruction ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; SCHEMES; ALGORITHM; HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; FOREWORD; PPM AB Linear advection of a scalar quantity by a specified velocity field arises in a number of different applications. Important examples include the transport of species and energy in low Mach number models for combustion, atmospheric flows and astrophysics, and contaminant transport in Darcy models of saturated subsurface flow. In this paper, we present a customized finite volume advection scheme for this class of problems that provides accurate resolution for smooth problems while avoiding undershoot and overshoot for nonsmooth profiles. The method is an extension of an algorithm by Bell, Dawson and Shubin (BDS), which was developed for a class of scalar conservation laws arising in porous media flows in two dimensions. The original BDS algorithm is a variant of unsplit, higher-order Godunov methods based on construction of a limited bilinear profile within each computational cell. The new method incorporates quadratic terms in the polynomial reconstruction, thereby reducing the L-1 error and better preserving the shape of advected profiles while continuing to satisfy a maximum principle for constant coefficient linear advection. We compare this new method to several other approaches, including the bilinear BDS method and unsplit piecewise parabolic (PPM) methods. C1 [May, Sandra] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Nonaka, Andrew; Almgren, Ann; Bell, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP May, S (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St,Mail Code 0711, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM may@cims.nyu.edu; AJNonaka@lbl.gov; ASAlmgren@lbl.gov; jbbell@lbl.gov FU DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-88ER25053] FX The work at LBNL was supported by the Applied Mathematics Program of the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. May also received support from the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences under the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-FG02-88ER25053. Visualization was performed using the VisIt visualization software [25]. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3940 J9 COMM APP MATH COM SC JI Commun. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 27 EP 61 DI 10.2140/camcos.2011.6.27 PG 35 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 836DQ UT WOS:000296089800002 ER PT J AU Koller, J Zaharia, S AF Koller, J. Zaharia, S. TI LANL* V2.0: global modeling and validation SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; STORM; TIME AB We describe in this paper the new version of LANL*, an artificial neural network (ANN) for calculating the magnetic drift invariant L*. This quantity is used for modeling radiation belt dynamics and for space weather applications. We have implemented the following enhancements in the new version: (1) we have removed the limitation to geosynchronous orbit and the model can now be used for a much larger region. (2) The new version is based on the improved magnetic field model by Tsyganenko and Sitnov (2005) (TS05) instead of the older model by Tsyganenko et al. (2003). We have validated the model and compared our results to L* calculations with the TS05 model based on ephemerides for CRRES, Polar, GPS, a LANL geosynchronous satellite, and a virtual RBSP type orbit. We find that the neural network performs very well for all these orbits with an error typically Delta L* < 0.2 which corresponds to an error of 3% at geosynchronous orbit. This new LANL* V2.0 artificial neural network is orders of magnitudes faster than traditional numerical field line integration techniques with the TS05 model. It has applications to real-time radiation belt forecasting, analysis of data sets involving decades of satellite of observations, and other problems in space weather. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Koller, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-1, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM jkoller@lanl.gov RI Koller, Josef/C-5591-2009 OI Koller, Josef/0000-0002-6770-4980 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0718710]; NASA [NNH10AP06I] FX The authors would like to thank Geoffrey Reeves and Reiner Friedel at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the numerous helpful discussion and also acknowledge the SpacePy project which provided an extremely useful library of space physics functions and codes which is available at http://spacepy.lanl.gov. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (grant ATM-0718710) and NASA (grant NNH10AP06I). NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 669 EP 675 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-669-2011 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 826UD UT WOS:000295379500008 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ McCabe, RJ Tome, CN AF Beyerlein, I. J. McCabe, R. J. Tome, C. N. TI STOCHASTIC PROCESSES OF {10(1)over-bar2} DEFORMATION TWINNING IN HEXAGONAL CLOSE-PACKED POLYCRYSTALLINE ZIRCONIUM AND MAGNESIUM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hcp; statistics; probability; twinning; magnesium; zirconium; EBSD ID GRAIN-SIZE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; METALS; SLIP; NUCLEATION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; ALLOY; TWINS; DIFFRACTION AB Deformation twinning is an important mechanism for metals with hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structures such as titanium, magnesium, beryllium, and zirconium, as well as metals with other low-symmetry crystal structures. This article presents a multiscale constitutive model for the plastic deformation of hcp polycrystalline metals that is built upon the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal scheme. This framework includes a novel probabilistic model for predicting when, where, and which variants nucleate, a dislocation density model for crystallographic slip, and a micromechanical model for twin lamella thickening and twin reorientation. Length scales of an individual slip or twinning system and the polycrystalline aggregate are interactively connected. Here, this constitutive model is applied to high-purity magnesium (Mg) and zirconium (Zr) deformed under loading conditions where twinning is intense. Correlations are made between the formation of deformation twins, bulk stress-strain behavior and texture development, and individual grain properties such as size and crystallographic orientation. C1 [Beyerlein, I. J.; McCabe, R. J.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov OI McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences under U.S. DOE [FWP 06SCPE401, W-7405-ENG-36] FX The authors acknowledge full support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Project FWP 06SCPE401, under U.S. DOE contract no. W-7405-ENG-36. The authors are also grateful for helpful comments and discussions with Dr. Anand K. Kanjarla. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 16 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 459 EP 480 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 837QK UT WOS:000296218100008 ER PT J AU DeJesus, MR Gu, GD King, FL Barnes, JH Lewis, CL AF DeJesus, Megan R. Gu, Guodong King, Fred L. Barnes, James H. Lewis, Cris L. TI Ion formation in millisecond pulsed glow discharge plasmas SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID METASTABLE ARGON ATOMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIGNAL PROFILES; RADIOFREQUENCY; IONIZATION; ATOMIZATION; EMISSION; DENSITY AB Ion intensity profiles, for both discharge gas ((40)Ar(2+), (40)Ar(+), (40)Ar(2)(+)) and sputtered species ((63)Cu(+)), have been measured for a series of parameters including sampling distance, pulse power, discharge gas pressure, pulse width, and duty cycle in a millisecond pulsed direct current (dc) glow discharge plasma using time-gated detection with a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer. Throughout these experiments constant power was maintained for comparative profile measurements. Intensity profiles for both discharge gas and sputtered material were constructed using the intensity values from a compilation of over 100 mass spectra. Ion signals from analytically important (sputtered) species differed in their response to changes in sampling distance, discharge gas pressure, pulse width, and duty cycle than those of discharge gas species. These intensity profiles provide insight into the effects of discharge conditions on the time-dependent behavior of different ions in the plasma. In addition to using time-gated acquisition, it is possible to further influence ion formation within the plasma through the careful selection of these plasma parameters; in doing so, one can maximize sputtered ion signals while suppressing ion signals from discharge gas species. In this research, we conduct a comparative investigation of ion signal temporal profiles through the variation of discharge parameters to better refine the method and to gain a better understanding of the processes taking place in the discharge. C1 [DeJesus, Megan R.; Gu, Guodong; King, Fred L.] W Virginia Univ, C Eugene Bennett Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Barnes, James H.; Lewis, Cris L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP King, FL (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, C Eugene Bennett Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Fred.King@mail.wvu.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2206 EP 2215 DI 10.1039/c1ja10102a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 835FT UT WOS:000296021800009 ER PT J AU Zhang, HW Peng, S Rong, CB Liu, JP Zhang, Y Kramer, MJ Sun, SH AF Zhang, Hongwang Peng, Sheng Rong, Chuan-bing Liu, J. Ping Zhang, Ying Kramer, M. J. Sun, Shouheng TI Chemical synthesis of hard magnetic SmCo nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; NANOCOMPOSITE MAGNETS; ALLOYS AB We report a facile synthesis of ferromagnetic SmCo nanoparticles (NPs) via a controlled reduction of SmCo-O NPs. The SmCo-O NPs were prepared by co-precipitation of Co(II) and Sm(III) acetates with hexadecyl-trimethylammonium hydroxide and were embedded in a CaO matrix. The 7 nm SmCo(3.6)-O NPs were reduced by Ca at 960 degrees C and converted into ferromagnetic 6 nm SmCo(5) NPs with their coercivities reaching 7.2 kOe. The synthesis provides a viable route to ferromagnetic SmCo NPs with controlled compositions and magnetism for high performance permanent magnetic applications. C1 [Zhang, Hongwang; Peng, Sheng; Sun, Shouheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rong, Chuan-bing; Liu, J. Ping] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Zhang, Ying; Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sun, SH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM ssun@brown.edu RI Peng, Sheng/E-7988-2010 FU DARPA/ARO [W911NF-08-1-0249]; ONR/MURI [N00014-05-1-0497]; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The work was supported by DARPA/ARO W911NF-08-1-0249 and ONR/MURI N00014-05-1-0497. The TEM was performed at the Ames Laboratory. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 42 BP 16873 EP 16876 DI 10.1039/c1jm11753j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 835HJ UT WOS:000296026900019 ER PT J AU Hoen, B Wiser, R Cappers, P Thayer, M Sethi, G AF Hoen, Ben Wiser, Ryan Cappers, Peter Thayer, Mark Sethi, Gautam TI Wind Energy Facilities and Residential Properties: The Effect of Proximity and View on Sales Prices SO JOURNAL OF REAL ESTATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VALUES; IMPACT; MODEL; UK AB This paper received a manuscript prize award for the best research paper on Sustainable Real Estate (sponsored by the NAIOP Research Foundation) presented at the 2010 ARES Annual Meeting. Increasing numbers of communities are considering wind power developments. One concern within these communities is that proximate property values may be adversely affected, yet there has been little research on the subject. The present research investigates roughly 7,500 sales of single-family homes surrounding 24 existing wind facilities in the United States. Across four different hedonic models, and a variety of robustness tests, the results are consistent: neither the view of the wind facilities nor the distance of the home to those facilities is found to have a statistically significant effect on sales prices, yet further research is warranted. C1 [Hoen, Ben] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Milan, NY 12571 USA. [Wiser, Ryan] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cappers, Peter] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fayetteville, NY 13066 USA. [Thayer, Mark] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sethi, Gautam] Bard Coll, Bard Ctr Environm Policy, Annandale On Hudson, NY 12504 USA. RP Hoen, B (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Milan, NY 12571 USA. EM bhoen@lbl.gov; rhwiser@lbl.gov; pacappers@lbl.gov; mthayer@mail.sdsu.edu; sethi@bard.edu NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER REAL ESTATE SOC PI CLEMSON PA CLEMSON UNIV, SCH BUSINESS & BEHAVIORAL SCI, DEPT FINANCE, 314 SIRRINE HALL, CLEMSON, SC 29634 USA SN 0896-5803 J9 J REAL ESTATE RES JI J. Real Estate Res. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 3 BP 279 EP 316 PG 38 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 836VP UT WOS:000296144700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, BM Schilling, O AF Johnson, B. M. Schilling, O. TI Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model predictions of linear instability. II. Shock-driven flows SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE shock-turbulence interaction; Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; two-equation turbulence models ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; WAVE; TURBULENCE; FLUIDS; COMPRESSIBILITY AB Applying the formalism for buoyancy-and shear-driven instabilities developed in Paper I [B. M. Johnson and O. Schilling, J. Turbul. 12(32) (2011), pp. 1-38], it is shown here that Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models describe the early phase of shock-driven instabilities: the amplification of velocity fluctuations due to the passage of a shock for shock-turbulence interaction and the initial deposition of solenoidal velocity at an interface by a shock for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. The correspondence between the closed RANS equations in the absence of turbulent diffusion and the unclosed RANS equations under the assumptions of linear theory discussed in Paper I is shown here to extend to shock-driven flows. In order to compare the models with linear theory, a form of linear interaction analysis appropriate for short-wavelength perturbations is developed and applied to a shock interacting with an ambient velocity field. It is shown that relaxing Morkovin's hypothesis can result in arbitrarily large amplification of ambient velocity fluctuations due to the passage of a shock. The classical Richtmyer-Meshkov instability corresponds to the case in which the amplification is formally infinite as the initial velocity fluctuation is zero. The solutions obtained here for both the K-epsilon and K-l models provide insight into the choice of appropriate initial conditions for RANS models, impose various constraints on the model coefficients and can be used to verify numerical discretizations of the model equations. The analysis also quantifies and addresses issues regarding convergence under grid refinement in the presence of shocks: it is shown that convergence in a shock-driven flow can be improved by scaling the initial length scale with the grid spacing. C1 [Johnson, B. M.; Schilling, O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Johnson, BM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM johnson359@llnl.gov OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This material is published by permission of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 37 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.1080/14685248.2011.597755 PG 31 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 836TV UT WOS:000296136300001 ER PT J AU Carman, JC McClean, JL AF Carman, Jessie C. McClean, Julie L. TI Investigation of IPCC AR4 coupled climate model North Atlantic mode water formation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Coupled climate models; Ocean heat budget; Heat flux; Mode water formation; Ocean mixed layer; Subpolar Mode Water; Subtropical Mode Water; North Atlantic ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; MASS TRANSFORMATION RATES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SST ANOMALIES; MIXED-LAYER; SEA; VARIABILITY; FLUXES; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS AB The formation of mode waters in the North Atlantic was examined in the suite of ocean models that comprise the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3). We constructed model climatologies for 1980-1999 from the 20th century simulations, and compared their mode water properties (temperature, salinity, formation rate, volume, turnover time, heat content) with data. In these models, we found biases in both the properties of the mode waters and their formation rates. For Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW), property biases principally involved salinity errors; additionally, some models form SPMW in an anomalous region west of the British Isles, shifting the source location of waters entering the overturning cell and altering the Nordic Seas' involvement in the Meridional Overturning Circulation. For Subtropical Mode Water (STMW), property biases involved both salinity and temperature errors, while positioning of heat and water fluxes relative to the Gulf Stream and northwest Sargasso Sea influenced STMW formation rate. Deficiencies in STMW formation rate and volume produced a turnover time of 1-2 years, approximately half of that observed; these variations in mode water bulk properties imply variation in ocean heat storage and advection, and hence deficiencies in all the models' abilities to adequately respond to changes in climatic forcing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carman, Jessie C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McClean, Julie L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Carman, Jessie C.; McClean, Julie L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carman, JC (reprint author), USN Acad, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM carman@usna.edu FU Lawrence Livermore Military Academic Research Associate program; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research through a sub-contract from LLNL/PCMDI FX We acknowledge the modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. NODC_WOA94 data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. J.C.C.'s funding was provided by the Lawrence Livermore Military Academic Research Associate program and the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research. J.L.M. was supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research through a sub-contract from LLNL/PCMDI to SIO. The authors greatly appreciate the helpful comments of Lynne Talley (SIO), Peter Gleckler (LLNL), Ivana Cerovecki (SIO), and Detelina Ivanova (LLNL) as well as the reviewers and the Editor for their comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of this work. Young-Oh Kwon (WHOI) provided measures of the STMW overturn and heat content from data sources. Frank Bryan (NCAR) provided the water mass transformation code. The authors additionally thank Peter Braccio for his help with the generation of the final figures. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 40 IS 1 BP 14 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.07.001 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 836RN UT WOS:000296128900002 ER PT S AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Dynamics and Directional Locking of Colloids on Quasicrystalline Substrates SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation VIII CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Colloid; optical traps; quasicrystalline ID VORTEX LATTICES; ARRAYS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SYMMETRY; STATES; PHASE AB Recently it has been shown that novel colloidal orderings can occur on fivefold and sevenfold quasicrystalline substrates created with optical arrays. Using numerical simulations we examine the types of dynamical phases that arise for colloidal and other types of particles driven over quasicrystalline substrates. We find that even though the substrate has no translational order, directional locking effects can occur in which the particles lock to certain orientational symmetry directions of the substrate as the applied drive is rotated. We also find dynamical commensuration effects where the magnitude of the locking undergoes oscillations as a function of the ratio of the number of particles to the number of pinning sites. We also find that the dynamical structures formed by the particles are markedly different for different driving directions and include disordered states, partially ordered triangular lattices, and anisotropic Archimedean type ordering. The Archimedean type ordering was previously observed experimentally for particles on quasiperiodic substrates in the absence of a drive. We find that the dynamic locking is much more pronounced for fivefold substrates than for sevenfold substrates. We also discuss how our results relate to the dynamical ordering observed in vortices and colloids driven over periodic and random substrates. C1 [Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM charlesr@cnls.lanl.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-707-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8097 AR 80970V DI 10.1117/12.897417 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BXG32 UT WOS:000296029200021 ER PT S AU Reichhardt, CJO Drocco, J Mai, T Wan, MB Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Drocco, J. Mai, T. Wan, M. B. Reichhardt, C. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Active Matter on Asymmetric Substrates SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation VIII CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Colloid; optical traps; active matter ID OPTICAL LATTICE; RATCHET; ARRAYS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BACTERIA; STATES AB For collections of particles in a thermal bath interacting with an asymmetric substrate, it is possible for a ratchet effect to occur where the particles undergo a net dc motion in response to an ac forcing. Ratchet effects have been demonstrated in a variety of systems including colloids as well as magnetic vortices in type-II superconductors. Here we examine the case of active matter or self-driven particles interacting with asymmetric substrates. Active matter systems include self-motile colloidal particles undergoing catalysis, swimming bacteria, artificial swimmers, crawling cells, and motor proteins. We show that a ratchet effect can arise in this type of system even in the absence of ac forcing. The directed motion occurs for certain particle-substrate interaction rules and its magnitude depends on the amount of time the particles spend swimming in one direction before turning and swimming in a new direction. For strictly Brownian particles there is no ratchet effect. If the particles reflect off the barriers or scatter from the barriers according to Snell's law there is no ratchet effect; however, if the particles can align with the barriers or move along the barriers, directed motion arises. We also find that under certain motion rules, particles accumulate along the walls of the container in agreement with experiment. We also examine pattern formation for synchronized particle motion. We discuss possible applications of this system for self-assembly, extracting work, and sorting as well as future directions such as considering collective interactions and flocking models. C1 [Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Drocco, J.; Mai, T.; Wan, M. B.; Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM charlesr@cnls.lanl.gov NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-707-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8097 AR 80970A DI 10.1117/12.897424 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BXG32 UT WOS:000296029200006 ER PT J AU Kong, W Dill, B Verberkmoes, N Lynch, S AF Kong, W. Dill, B. Verberkmoes, N. Lynch, S. TI BACTERIAL COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND HOST RESPONSE PULMONARY EXACERBATION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS AIRWAY SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kong, W.; Lynch, S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Dill, B.; Verberkmoes, N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PY 2011 SU 34 BP 306 EP 306 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 835YA UT WOS:000296071800339 ER PT J AU Srivastava, SC AF Srivastava, S. C. TI Paving the way to personalized medicine: production of some theragnostic radionuclides at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Theragnostic radionuclides; Radionuclide pairs; Radionuclide therapy; Scandium-47; Copper-67; Yttrium-86; Tin-117m ID METASTATIC BONE PAIN; NO-CARRIER; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; SMALL CYCLOTRON; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; PHARMACOKINETICS; RELEVANT; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; CU-67-2IT-BAT-LYM-1; SELECTION AB This paper introduces a relatively novel paradigm that involves specific individual radionuclides or radionuclide pairs that have emissions that allow pre-therapy low-dose imaging plus higher-dose therapy in the same patient. We have made an attempt to sort out and organize a number of such theragnostic radionuclides and radionuclide pairs that may potentially bring us closer to the age-long dream of personalized medicine for performing tailored low-dose molecular imaging (SPECT/CT or PET/CT) to provide the necessary pre-therapy information on biodistribution, dosimetry, the limiting or critical organ or tissue, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), etc. If the imaging results then warrant it, it would be possible to perform higher-dose targeted molecular therapy in the same patient with the same radiopharmaceutical. A major problem that remains yet to be fully resolved is the lack of availability, in sufficient quantities, of a majority of the best candidate theragnostic radionuclides in a no-carrier-added (NCA) form. A brief description of the recently developed new or modified methods at BNL for the production of four theragnostic radionuclides, whose nuclear, physical, and chemical characteristics seem to show great promise for personalized cancer therapy are described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Srivastava, SC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM suresh@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy (now the Office of Science/NP Office of Nuclear Physics, Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications, and the NNSA) at Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (the previous NE/Office of Isotope Programs, now the Office of Science/NP Office of Nuclear Physics, Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications, and the NNSA NA-24 GIPP Program), under Contract # DE-AC02-98CH10886 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2011 VL 99 IS 10 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.1524/ract.2011.1882 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 836BJ UT WOS:000296081600005 ER PT J AU Smith, SC Szecsody, JE AF Smith, S. C. Szecsody, J. E. TI Influence of contact time on the extraction of (233)uranyl spike and contaminant uranium from Hanford Site sediment SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Uranium; Batch extraction; Continuous leach extraction; Hanford site ID SPECIATION; U(VI); SORPTION; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; SOILS; FRACTIONATION; FERRIHYDRITE; TRANSPORT; MINERALS AB The development of effective remediation strategies requires a comprehensive understanding of contaminant behavior in the environment. At the Hanford Site, located in southeastern Washington State (United States of America), seasonal fluctuations of the nearby Columbia River cause flushing of the 300 Area uranium (U) plume in the lower vadose zone. The variation of water chemistry alternately promotes adsorption and desorption of U from sediment. Therefore, the following question arises: what is the mobility of U in groundwater that has only recently became associated with sediment relative to U that has been associated with the sediment for decades? Geochemical transformations, including surface complexation, precipitation, and/or physical processes will impact U speciation as the contact time with sediment increases. To investigate this question, dissolved (233)uranyl nitrate [UO2(NO3)(2)] was added to U-contaminated Hanford Site sediment and incubated for up to 1 year. Following 1-week, 1-month, and 1-year incubation periods, the extraction of U from the sediment was accomplished using either batch or continuous leach techniques, and multiple extractants. The elution of U-233 during continuous leaching was influenced by the incubation period. The change in the U-235/U-233 ratio eluted was indicative of the extraction of different U phases, and was a function of the incubation period. Removal of U-233 by batch extraction clearly showed the effects of the incubation period and extractant. The extractability of the U-233 spike by some extractants is independent of incubation period (up to 1 year) suggesting it is present as either sorbed or surface precipitate phases. Model simulation of the data provides insight into the processes involved with the extraction of U from the sediment. C1 [Smith, S. C.; Szecsody, J. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, SC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steven.smith@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. Dr. Andrea Choiniere (Washington State University) provided the sediment total U and U isotope data. Scott Lehn and Yuanxian Xia provided ICP- MS and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry data. Two anonymous reviewers enhanced the quality of this manuscript and their comments are appreciated. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Battelle. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2011 VL 99 IS 11 BP 693 EP 704 DI 10.1524/ract.2011.1876 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 836BM UT WOS:000296082000003 ER PT J AU Arpin, KA Pikul, JH King, WP Fan, HY Braun, PV AF Arpin, Kevin A. Pikul, James H. King, William P. Fan, Hongyou Braun, Paul V. TI Template directed assembly of dynamic micellar nanoparticles SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS; SHELL NANOPARTICLES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ENERGY-STORAGE; FABRICATION; DEVICES; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; NANOSTRUCTURES; ARCHITECTURES; PLASMONICS AB The ability to pattern functional nanoparticle arrays in multiple dimensions will enable future devices which exhibit functions that cannot be realized using unstructured nanoparticle arrays. Here we demonstrate the unique assembly properties of dynamic micellar nanoparticles by combining a top down lithographic nanopatterning technique with a solution-based bottom up self-assembly. The templates for the directed self-assembly of the micelles consisted of arrays of cylindrical recess features fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. Silica was coated on this patterned substrate and subsequently selectively functionalized with a positively charged molecular monolayer (N-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine) to regulate the micelle-surface interactions. The self-assembled block co-polymer polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS(480k)-PVP(145k)) micelles were approximately 325nm in diameter in aqueous solutions (pH = 2.5) and 50nm in diameter in the dry state. The average number of micelles assembled per feature increased from less than 1 to 12 with increasing feature diameter in the range of 200nm-1 mu m. Using a 2D model for maximum packing of circles in circular host features, the effective sphere size of the micelles during assembly was calculated to be 250nm in diameter. Thus, the micelles exhibited three characteristic sizes during assembly, 325nm in bulk solution, 250nm during assembly, and 50nm in the dry state. This dramatic variation in nanoparticle volume during the assembly process offers unique opportunities for forming nanometre scale, multidimensional arrays not accessible using hard sphere building blocks. C1 [Arpin, Kevin A.; King, William P.; Braun, Paul V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Arpin, Kevin A.; King, William P.; Braun, Paul V.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pikul, James H.; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fan, Hongyou] Univ New Mexico, Adv Mat Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Nucl Engn Dept,NSF Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Braun, PV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pbraun@illinois.edu FU National Institute for Nano-Engineering; Sandia National Laboratory's LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX The authors thank Dr Mark Losego, Dr Zaicheng Sun, and Andrew Carlson for experimental assistance and useful discussions. This project was funded by the National Institute for Nano-Engineering and Sandia National Laboratory's LDRD Program. H. F. also acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. This research was carried out in part in the Center for Microanalysis of Materials, UIUC, which is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 21 BP 10252 EP 10257 DI 10.1039/c1sm06078c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 835HH UT WOS:000296026700056 ER PT S AU Marra, J AF Marra, John GP IOP TI ADVANCED CERAMIC MATERIALS FOR NEXT-GENERATION NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON CERAMICS (ICC3): CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES FOR ADVANCED NUCLEAR ENERGY AND HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT APPLICATIONS SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Ceramics (ICC3) CY NOV 14-18, 2010 CL Osaka, JAPAN AB The nuclear industry is at the eye of a 'perfect storm' with fuel oil and natural gas prices near record highs, worldwide energy demands increasing at an alarming rate, and increased concerns about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have caused many to look negatively at long-term use of fossil fuels. This convergence of factors has led to a growing interest in revitalization of the nuclear power industry within the United States and across the globe. Many are surprised to learn that nuclear power provides approximately 20% of the electrical power in the US and approximately 16% of the world-wide electric power. With the above factors in mind, world-wide over 130 new reactor projects are being considered with approximately 25 new permit applications in the US. Materials have long played a very important role in the nuclear industry with applications throughout the entire fuel cycle; from fuel fabrication to waste stabilization. As the international community begins to look at advanced reactor systems and fuel cycles that minimize waste and increase proliferation resistance, materials will play an even larger role. Many of the advanced reactor concepts being evaluated operate at high-temperature requiring the use of durable, heat-resistant materials. Advanced metallic and ceramic fuels are being investigated for a variety of Generation IV reactor concepts. These include the traditional TRISO-coated particles, advanced alloy fuels for 'deep-burn' applications, as well as advanced inert-matrix fuels. In order to minimize wastes and legacy materials, a number of fuel reprocessing operations are being investigated. Advanced materials continue to provide a vital contribution in 'closing the fuel cycle' by stabilization of associated low-level and high-level wastes in highly durable cements, ceramics, and glasses. Beyond this fission energy application, fusion energy will demand advanced materials capable of withstanding the extreme environments of high-temperature plasma systems. Fusion reactors will likely depend on lithium-based ceramics to produce tritium that fuels the fusion plasma, while high-temperature alloys or ceramics will contain and control the hot plasma. All the while, alloys, ceramics, and ceramic-related processes continue to find applications in the management of wastes and by products produced by these processes. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Marra, J (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2011 VL 18 AR 162001 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/18/16/162001 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BXE10 UT WOS:000295843800001 ER PT S AU Ozawa, K Katoh, Y Nozawa, T Hinoki, T Snead, LL AF Ozawa, Kazumi Katoh, Yutai Nozawa, Takashi Hinoki, Tatsuya Snead, Lance L. GP IOP TI Evaluation of Damage Tolerance of Advanced SiC/SiC Composites after Neutron Irradiation SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON CERAMICS (ICC3): CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES FOR ADVANCED NUCLEAR ENERGY AND HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT APPLICATIONS SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Ceramics (ICC)/23rd Fall Meeting of the Ceramic-Society-of-Japan/20th Iketani Conference CY NOV 14-18, 2010 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Ceram Soc Japan (CerSJ), Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; SIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; INTERPHASE AB Silicon carbide composites (SiC/SiC) are attractive candidate materials for structural and functional components in fusion energy systems. The effect of neutron irradiation on damage tolerance of the nuclear grade SiC/SiC composites (plain woven Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S reinforced CVI matrix composites multilayer interphase and unidirectional Tyranno (TM)-SA3 reinforced NITE matrix with carbon mono-layer interphase) was evaluated by means of miniaturized single-edged notched beam test. No significant changes in crack extension behavior and in the load-loadpoint displacement characteristics such as the peak load and hysteresis loop width were observed after irradiation to 5.9 x 10(25) n/m(2) (E > 0.1 MeV) at 800 degrees C and to 5.8 x 10(25) n/m(2) at 1300 degrees C. By applying a global energy balance analysis based on non-linear fracture mechanics, the energy release rate for these composite materials was found to be unchanged by irradiation with a value of 3 +/- 2 kJ/m(2). This has led to the conclusion that, for these fairly aggressive irradiation conditions, the effect of neutron irradiation on the fracture resistance of these composites appears insignificant. C1 [Ozawa, Kazumi; Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Lance L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ozawa, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ozawak@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2011 VL 18 AR 162005 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/18/16/162005 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BXE10 UT WOS:000295843800005 ER PT J AU Stare, J Hartl, M Daemen, L Eckert, J AF Stare, Jernej Hartl, Monika Daemen, Luke Eckert, Juergen TI The Very Short Hydrogen Bond in the Pyridine N-Oxide - Trichloroacetic Acid Complex: An Inelastic Neutron Scattering and Computational Study SO ACTA CHIMICA SLOVENICA LA English DT Article DE Short hydrogen bonding; vibrational dynamics; inelasting neutron scattering; periodic DFT calculations; harmonic analysis ID GRID HAMILTONIAN METHOD; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; PROTON-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MALONALDEHYDE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB We have investigated the dynamics of the very short hydrogen bond (R-O center dot center dot center dot O = 2.430 angstrom) of the pyridine N-oxide trichloroacetic acid complex in the solid state by combining vibrational spectroscopy using inelastic neutron scattering with extensive computational studies and analysis of the vibrational spectra. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) computational models used ranged from the isolated gas phase cluster to three approaches with periodic boundary conditions, namely CRYSTAL, CPMD and VASP, all of which, however calculate frequencies in the harmonic approximation. While all but the gas phase calculation yield structural parameters for the hydrogen bond in reasonable agreement with experiment, only the periodic VASP and CPMD approaches resulted in INS spectra (calculated with the program a-climax) that adequately reproduced some of the key features of the experimental spectrum related to the in-plane and out-of-plane bending modes of the H-bond. No clear indication was found either in experiment or computational studies for OH stretching. More sophisticated and time-consuming calculations are therefore indicated to elaborate on the hydrogen bond dynamics including molecular dynamics simulations or the use of quantum dynamics on multidimensional potential energy surfaces. C1 [Eckert, Juergen] Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Stare, Jernej] Natl Inst Chem, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Hartl, Monika; Daemen, Luke] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eckert, J (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM juergen@usf.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016 OI Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273 FU DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Slovenian Research Agency [P1-0012, J1-2014] FX It is our great pleasure to acknowledge the invaluable and far reaching contributions made, as well as general wisdom provided by Prof. Hadzi in the course of our long, highly stimulating, and successful collaboration. This work also benefited from the Slovenian Research Agency program group (P1-0012) and project (J1-2014) funding, and from the use of the Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU SLOVENSKO KEMIJSKO DRUSTVO PI LJUBLJANA PA HAJDRIHOVA 19, LJUBLJANA 1000, SLOVENIA SN 1318-0207 J9 ACTA CHIM SLOV JI Acta Chim. Slov. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 833GX UT WOS:000295872200019 PM 24062112 ER PT S AU Anderson, DJ Hoffman, MJ Martin, JA Gunther, DW AF Anderson, Dennis J. Hoffman, Matthew J. Martin, Jeffrey A. Gunther, David W. GP IEEE TI Materiel Availability Modeling and Analysis for a Complex Army Weapon System SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM (RAMS), 2011 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 24-APR 27, 2011 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL DE materiel availability; operational availability; reliability; repairable systems; modeling and simulation C1 [Anderson, Dennis J.; Hoffman, Matthew J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Martin, Jeffrey A.] US Army, Force Dev Directorate, CASCOM, Ft Lee, VA 23832 USA. [Gunther, David W.] US Army, PEO Integrat Logist Integrat, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Anderson, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djander@sandia.gov; mjhoffm@sandia.gov; jeffrey.a.martin@us.army.mil; david.gunther@us.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-5103-6 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BXA21 UT WOS:000295508800094 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Simonson, JM AF Chialvo, A. A. Simonson, J. M. TI On the molecular mechanism of surface charge amplification and related phenomena at aqueous polyelectrolyte-graphene interfaces SO CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular simulation; solid-fluid interfaces; aqueous polyelectrolytes; surface charge amplification; charge inversion and reversal ID DOUBLE-LAYERS; IONIC SIZES; INVERSION; ADSORPTION; MACROIONS; DYNAMICS; REVERSAL; COUNTERIONS; ELECTROLYTE; SIMULATION AB In this communication we illustrate the occurrence of a recently reported new phenomenon of surface-charge amplification, SCA, (originally dubbed overcharging, OC), [Jimenez-Angeles F. and Lozada-Cassou M., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, 108, 7286] by means of molecular dynamics simulation of aqueous electrolytes solutions involving multivalent cations in contact with charged graphene walls and the presence of short-chain lithium polystyrene sulfonates where the solvent water is described explicitly with a realistic molecular model. We show that the occurrence of SCA in these systems, in contrast to that observed in primitive models, involves neither contact co-adsorption of the negatively charged macroions nor divalent cations with a large size and charge asymmetry as required in the case of implicit solvents. In fact the SCA phenomenon hinges around the preferential adsorption of water (over the hydrated ions) with an average dipolar orientation such that the charges of the water's hydrogen and oxygen sites induce magnification rather than screening of the positive-charged graphene surface, within a limited range of surface-charge density. C1 [Chialvo, A. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Geochem & Interfacial Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Simonson, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Geochem & Interfacial Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chialvoaa@ornl.gov OI Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 FU U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by the contractor of the U.S. Government under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU INST CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS NATL ACAD SCIENCES UKRAINE PI LVIV PA 1 SVIENTSITSKII STR, LVIV, 79011, UKRAINE SN 1607-324X J9 CONDENS MATTER PHYS JI Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 AR 33002 DI 10.5488/CMP.14.33002 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 833QS UT WOS:000295900600003 ER PT J AU Binkowski, TA Marino, SR Joachimiak, A AF Binkowski, T. Andrew Marino, Susana R. Joachimiak, Andrzej TI COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF PEPTIDES INTO HLA-A*02:01 MOLECULES SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Histocompatibility-and-Immunogenetics CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Histocompatibility & Immunogenet C1 [Binkowski, T. Andrew; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Genom Infect Dis, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Binkowski, T. Andrew; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Marino, Susana R.] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 2011 VL 72 SU 1 BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 833QY UT WOS:000295901200014 ER PT J AU Nordman, B Lanzisera, S AF Nordman, Bruce Lanzisera, Steven GP IEEE TI Inter-device power management for audio/video equipment SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS (ICCE 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE 2011) CY JAN 09-12, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB Electronics are an increasing fraction of electricity use in buildings, with those devices that support audio and visual display one of the largest portions. Collections of interconnected A/V devices in buildings are becoming larger as they become networked to A/V devices in other rooms, to traditionally IT devices, to non-electronic devices, and to the Internet. Managing the power state of such connected devices is increasingly difficult, resulting in user confusion and wasted energy. This paper presents an overall architecture for how power state could be managed automatically in the future to both increase user amenity as well as reduce energy use. C1 [Nordman, Bruce; Lanzisera, Steven] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nordman, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8712-7 PY 2011 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1109/ICCE.2011.5722563 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWW05 UT WOS:000295128300122 ER PT J AU Nordman, B Lanzisera, S AF Nordman, Bruce Lanzisera, Steven GP IEEE TI Electronics and network energy use: Status and prospects SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS (ICCE 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE 2011) CY JAN 09-12, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB The energy use of electronics has been rising in the last several decades, driven by enormous innovation in computation, display, storage, and communication technologies. Networks and communication play a special role in that they cause the functional (and hence energy) state of devices to be linked. This paper presents baseline information about how much energy is used by all electronics, how it is distributed, and how networks drive energy use, and network-related methods to reduce energy use of these devices. C1 [Nordman, Bruce; Lanzisera, Steven] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nordman, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8712-7 PY 2011 BP 245 EP 246 DI 10.1109/ICCE.2011.5722564 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWW05 UT WOS:000295128300123 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE Bishofberger, KA Duffy, LD Heath, CE Marksteiner, QR Nguyen, DC Ryne, RD Russell, SJ Simakov, EI Yampolsky, NA AF Carlsten, Bruce E. Bishofberger, Kip A. Duffy, Leanne D. Heath, Cynthia E. Marksteiner, Quinn R. Nguyen, Dinh C. Ryne, Robert D. Russell, Steven J. Simakov, Evgenya I. Yampolsky, Nikolai A. TI New X-ray free-electron laser architecture for generating high fluxes of longitudinally coherent 50 keV photons SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE free-electron laser; X-ray light source; seeded free-electron laser; high-brightness electron beam ID FEL; RADIATION; EMITTANCE; OPERATION AB Materials science needs to study dynamic properties of high-Z materials lead to a unique and challenging set of requirements for future X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), with single-pulse fluxes of up to 10(12) 50 keV X-rays that are both transversely and longitudinally coherent. These parameters cannot be met through an extension of the beam and FEL technologies used at existing and currently planned X-ray FEL facilities. We describe a novel technique to achieve higher fluxes by reducing the transverse beam emittance of high bunch charges and another to achieve longitudinal coherency by pre-modulating the electron beam current before it reaches the undulator. These techniques are investigated numerically and analytically, and also hold potential for increasing performance and decreasing cost of soft X-ray FELs. C1 [Carlsten, Bruce E.; Bishofberger, Kip A.; Duffy, Leanne D.; Heath, Cynthia E.; Marksteiner, Quinn R.; Nguyen, Dinh C.; Russell, Steven J.; Simakov, Evgenya I.; Yampolsky, Nikolai A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ryne, Robert D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bcarlsten@lanl.gov RI Yampolsky, Nikolai/A-7521-2011; OI Duffy, Leanne/0000-0002-0123-6723; Carlsten, Bruce/0000-0001-5619-907X; Nguyen, Dinh/0000-0001-8017-6599; Simakov, Evgenya/0000-0002-7483-1152 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 16 SI SI BP 1374 EP 1390 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.604733 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 833FC UT WOS:000295866700004 ER PT J AU Penn, G Reinsch, M AF Penn, G. Reinsch, M. TI Designs and numerical calculations for echo-enabled harmonic generation at very high harmonics SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE seeded FEL; echo; EEHG; high harmonic ID RADIATION AB The echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) scheme for driving an FEL using two seeded energy modulations at much longer wavelengths than the output wavelength is a promising concept for future seeded FELs. There are many competing requirements in the design of an EEHG beamline which need careful optimization. Furthermore, revised simulation tools and methods are necessary because of both the high harmonic numbers simulated and the complicated nature of the phase space manipulations which are intrinsic to the scheme. This paper explores the constraints on performance and the required tolerances for reaching wavelengths well below 1/100th of that of the seed lasers, and describes some of the methodology for designing such a beamline. Numerical tools, developed both for the GENESIS and GINGER FEL codes, are presented and used here for more accurate study of the scheme beyond a time-averaged model. In particular, the impact of the local structure in peak current and bunching, which is an inherent part of the EEHG scheme, is evaluated. C1 [Penn, G.; Reinsch, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Penn, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gepenn@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work as part of Gregory Penn and Matthias Reinsch's official duties as Federal Government Contractors is published by permission of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.; This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors wish to thank M. Zolotorev for useful discussions on the statistics of energy loss due to incoherent synchrotron radiation, much of which is distilled in the appendix, and to the ALS Accelerator Physics Group at LBNL who are working with us to understand the nonlinear transport issues and to develop lattice designs that minimize the variation in time of flight with transverse amplitude. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 16 SI SI BP 1404 EP 1418 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.596628 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 833FC UT WOS:000295866700006 ER PT J AU Sannibale, F Filippetto, D Papadopoulos, CF AF Sannibale, Fernando Filippetto, Daniele Papadopoulos, Christos F. TI Schemes and challenges for electron injectors operating in high repetition rate X-ray FELs SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE electron sources; high-repetition rate; high-brightness; free electron laser ID EMITTANCE COMPENSATION; RF GUN; LASER; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; RADIATION; BEAMS AB Requirements and challenges for high-brightness electron injectors operating in a high-repetition-rate X-ray FEL are described. Schemes presently under development or study are reviewed, and their advantages and limitations are compared. Beam dynamics and engineering/technological aspects are addressed, with a particular emphasis placed on how the high-repetition-rate requirement impacts the choice of cathodes and of gun/accelerator technologies, and on how those choices consequently impact beam dynamics. C1 [Sannibale, Fernando; Filippetto, Daniele; Papadopoulos, Christos F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sannibale, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fsannibale@lbl.gov FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director of the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 97 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 16 SI SI BP 1419 EP 1437 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.601328 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 833FC UT WOS:000295866700007 ER PT J AU Benson, SV Douglas, DR Evtushenko, P Hannon, FE Hernandez-Garcia, C Klopf, JM Legg, RA Neil, GR Shinn, MD Tennant, CD Zhang, S Williams, GP AF Benson, S. V. Douglas, D. R. Evtushenko, P. Hannon, F. E. Hernandez-Garcia, C. Klopf, J. M. Legg, R. A. Neil, G. R. Shinn, M. D. Tennant, C. D. Zhang, S. Williams, G. P. TI A proposed VUV oscillator-based FEL upgrade at Jefferson Lab SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE free electron laser (FEL); energy recovered linac (ERL); ultrafast; photoemission ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; ENERGY RECOVERY; DESIGN AB Advances in superconducting linac technology offer the possibility of an upgrade of the Jefferson Lab Free Electron Laser (JLab FEL) facility to an oscillator-based VUV-FEL that would produce 6 x 10(12) coherent 100 eV photons per pulse at multi-MHz repetition rates in the fundamental. In this paper we present novel designs that are verified by model calculations which have themselves been validated by comparison with experimental performance measurements using oscillator-based continuous-wave free electron lasers (FELs) operating in the IR and UV, with sub-picosecond pulses up to 75 MHz and producing harmonics upwards of 10 eV. The accelerator uses an energy recovered linac design for efficiency of operation, and high gain per pass in the oscillator. The fully coherent nature of the source results in peak and average brightness values that are several orders of magnitude higher than storage rings. C1 [Benson, S. V.; Douglas, D. R.; Evtushenko, P.; Hannon, F. E.; Hernandez-Garcia, C.; Klopf, J. M.; Legg, R. A.; Neil, G. R.; Shinn, M. D.; Tennant, C. D.; Zhang, S.; Williams, G. P.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Williams, GP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM gwyn@jlab.org FU Jefferson Laboratory [DE-AC05-060R23177]; FEL team; Office of Naval Research; Army Night Vision Laboratory; Air Force Research Laboratory; Joint Technology Office; Commonwealth of Virginia; U.S. DOE Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC05-060R23177] FX This material is published by permission of the Jefferson Laboratory under Contract Number DE-AC05-060R23177. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. Author's liability, in all cases, shall not exceed $1.M US dollars.; This work could not have been done without the support of the entire FEL team, and without discussions with many other colleagues at Jefferson Lab. Financial support was provided by the Office of Naval Research, the Army Night Vision Laboratory, the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Joint Technology Office, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and by the U.S. DOE Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC05-060R23177. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 16 SI SI BP 1438 EP 1451 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.606375 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 833FC UT WOS:000295866700008 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Wu, JH AF Qiang, Ji Wu, Juhao TI Generation of attosecond coherent X-ray radiation through modulation compression SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE modulation compression; attosecond radiation; X-ray radiation ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; LIGHT-SOURCES AB In this paper, we propose a scheme to generate tunable attosecond coherent X-ray radiation for future light source applications. This scheme uses a short-pulse seeding laser, two bunch compressors, and a laser chirper to generate a prebunched, kilo-Ampere current electron beam from an initial 10-Ampere low-current electron beam. Such an electron beam sent into a short undulator generates attosecond coherent soft X-ray radiation. The final X-ray radiation wavelength can be tuned by adjusting the compression factor. It also allows one to control the final radiation pulse length by controlling the seeding laser pulse length or the compression factor. As an illustration, we present an example to generate 1 GW, 200 attosecond, 1 nm coherent X-ray radiation from a 28 A current, 200 nm laser modulated beam. C1 [Qiang, Ji] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Juhao] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jqiang@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX The work as part of Ji Qiang's official duties as a Federal Government Contractor is published by permission of the Office of Science, US Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work as part of Juhao Wu's official duties as a Federal Government Contractor is published by permission of the US Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC02-76SF00515. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 16 SI SI BP 1452 EP 1459 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.594179 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 833FC UT WOS:000295866700009 ER PT J AU Wilcox, RB Byrd, JM Doolittle, LR Holzwarth, R Huang, G AF Wilcox, R. B. Byrd, J. M. Doolittle, L. R. Holzwarth, R. Huang, G. TI Towards attosecond synchronization of remote mode-locked lasers using stabilized transmission of optical comb frequencies SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE femtosecond timing; fiber interferometer; ultrafast FEL; frequency comb ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; SINGLE; LINKS AB We propose a method of synchronizing mode-locked lasers separated by hundreds of meters with the possibility of achieving sub-fs performance by locking the phases of corresponding lines in the optical comb spectrum. The optical phase from one comb line is transmitted to the remote laser over an interferometrically stabilized link by locking a single frequency laser to a comb line with high phase stability. We describe how these elements are integrated into a complete system and estimate the potential performance. C1 [Wilcox, R. B.; Byrd, J. M.; Doolittle, L. R.; Huang, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holzwarth, R.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Wilcox, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rbwilcox@lbl.gov RI Huang, Gang/I-7772-2013 FU Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-0SCH11231] FX This work is a collaborative work. The work as part of R. B. Wilcox, J.M. Byrd, L. R. Doolittle and G. Huang's official duties as Federal Government Contractors is published by permission of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-0SCH11231. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. R. Holzwarth waives his own assertion of copyright but not his status as co-Author. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 16 SI SI BP 1460 EP 1468 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.597520 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 833FC UT WOS:000295866700010 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Chen, KS AF Wang, Yun Chen, Ken S. TI Effect of Spatially-Varying GDL Properties and Land Compression on Water Distribution in PEM Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID 2-PHASE FLOW; LIQUID WATER; NEUTRON-RADIOGRAPHY; DIFFUSION MEDIUM; TRANSPORT; CATHODE; MODEL; LAYER; MULTICOMPONENT; PERFORMANCE AB A multi-dimensional two-phase model of polymer electrolyte fuel cells is developed and employed to investigate through-plane water profiles with spatially-varying properties of gas diffusion layers (GDL) being accounted for. Both one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D model predictions of liquid water profiles are presented. We find that the GDL properties can significantly affect the liquid through-plane profiles and local features, for example, liquid water may be trapped due to the spatial variation in GDL properties. Furthermore, land compression can cause GDL property variation in the in-plane direction, altering liquid water distribution. Model predictions are compared with experimental data from both neutron radiography and X-ray imaging. Reasonably good agreements are obtained. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.015111jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yun] Univ Calif Irvine, Renewable Energy Resources Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wang, Yun] Univ Calif Irvine, Natl Fuel Cell Res Ctr, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Chen, Ken S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Renewable Energy Resources Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM yunw@uci.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Funding support of this work was provided by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Partial support of this work by the Academic Senate Council on Research, Computing & Library Resources at UCI is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 11 BP B1292 EP B1299 DI 10.1149/2.015111jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 829ZL UT WOS:000295626000011 ER PT J AU Herfort, L Peterson, TD McCue, LA Zuber, P AF Herfort, Lydie Peterson, Tawnya D. McCue, Lee Ann Zuber, Peter TI Protist 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis reveals multiple sources of organic matter contributing to turbidity maxima of the Columbia River estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Estuarine turbidity maxima; Columbia River estuary; Organic matter ID PARTICLE-ATTACHED BACTERIA; SMALL EUKARYOTES; DIVERSITY; PLANKTON; ECOLOGY; PHYTOPLANKTON; PICOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; CARBON; LAKE AB The Columbia River estuary is traditionally considered a detritus-based ecosystem fueled in summer by organic matter (OM) from expired freshwater diatoms. Since estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) are sites of accumulation and transformation of this phytoplankton-derived OM, a project was undertaken to further characterize the ETM protist assemblage by collecting and analyzing bottom and surface water samples throughout an ETM event in August 2007. Biogeochemical, microscopic and molecular (18S rRNA gene clone libraries) analyses were performed. The data confirmed that the majority of the particulate OM in ETMs is derived from chl a-poor particulate organic carbon tagged by DNA that is too damaged to be detected by molecular analysis. The phylogeny of the diatoms uncovered in our clone libraries demonstrated that the fresh, labile particulate OM fraction of the ETM has a marine origin. In addition, the detection of DNA from dead Myrionecta rubra cells from red tide bloom decay in the pre-ETM bottom waters suggests a transient autochthonous input into the OM pool of estuarine bottom waters. Furthermore, the discovery of Katablepharis sequences associated with the ETM event during a period when this flagellate is not abundant in the estuary water column indicates that ETMs enable the retention of this microeukaryote within the estuarine system. These findings challenge the traditional view of freshwater-derived detritus-based turbidity maxima, and imply multiple sources of OM to the Columbia River ETMs. These ETMs are thus sites of effective transformation of freshwater, marine and estuarine OM inputs, as well as refugia for ecologically relevant protists. C1 [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [McCue, Lee Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Herfort, L (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM herfortl@ebs.ogi.edu OI McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0424602] FX We thank the captain, crew and scientific party of the RV 'Barnes'; M. Selby and V. Campbell (Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU) for assistance with DNA extraction and clone libraries construction; T. Gregg, M. Sparrow and F. Prahl at Oregon State University for conducting the particulate matter and pigment analyses; and P. Turner (OHSU) for providing the map of the Columbia River estuary. This study was carried out within the context of the Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction (CMOP) supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. OCE-0424602). NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 438 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.3354/meps09303 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 829WK UT WOS:000295616000002 ER PT S AU Burckel, DB Sinclair, MB AF Burckel, D. Bruce Sinclair, Michael B. BE Boardman, AD Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI Modeling Study of Multi-layer 3D Metamaterials SO METAMATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metamaterials - Fundamentals and Applications IV CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Metamaterials; nanophotonics; 3D fabrication ID PHOTONIC METAMATERIALS; INDEX AB Membrane projection lithography (MPL) has been demonstrated as a fabrication method for creation of layers of 3D unit cell metamaterials. Here we report an extensive modeling study of the electromagnetic behavior of split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial layers using rigorous coupled wave analysis, with particular attention to the MPL fabrication related aspects. C1 [Burckel, D. Bruce; Sinclair, Michael B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Burckel, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-703-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8093 AR 809317 DI 10.1117/12.893718 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BXB97 UT WOS:000295620800011 ER PT S AU Colestock, PL Reiten, M O'Hara, J AF Colestock, P. L. Reiten, M. O'Hara, J. BE Boardman, AD Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI Modeling of Nonlinear Metamaterials SO METAMATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metamaterials - Fundamentals and Applications IV CY AUG 21-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Nonlinear meta-materials; chaos; frequency mixing; solitons ID TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS AB We report the results of a study to model the behavior of nonlinear metamaterials in the microwave frequency range composed of arrays of split-ring resonators combined with nonlinear circuit elements. The overall model consists of an array of coupled damped oscillators whose inter-element coupling is a function of signal amplitude, similar to that which exists in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam system. [8] We note the potential occurrence of classical nonlinear effects including parametric coupling, FPU recurrence and chaos. These effects lead to nonlinear waves on the array which are a type of soliton particular to the form of nonlinearity that has been incorporated. We have studied, in particular, the nonlinear effects that arise from tunnel diodes embedded in the resonant circuits. We carry out simulations of the resulting circuit frequency response. C1 [Colestock, P. L.; Reiten, M.; O'Hara, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colestock, PL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-703-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8093 AR 809327 DI 10.1117/12.893841 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BXB97 UT WOS:000295620800026 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Liu, L Yu, PY Ma, ZX Mao, SS AF Cheng, W. Liu, L. Yu, P. Y. Ma, Z. X. Mao, S. S. TI A tale of two vacancies SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article DE Vacancies; impurity-defect complexes; magnetic semiconductors; GaN; CdTe; local vibration modes ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM; GAN; MOLECULES; CDTE AB In this paper we have applied first-principle density-functional theory to calculate some of the interesting roles played by vacancies in material properties, such as magnetic properties and complex formation. We use as examples our recent results on vacancies in group III-V semiconductors like GaN and II-VI semiconductor like CdTe. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Yu, P. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yu, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pyyu@berkeley.edu FU Us Department Of Energy [NNSA/NA-22, De-Ac02-05ch11231]; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the Us Department Of Energy NNSA/NA-22, under Contract No. De-Ac02-05ch11231. WC was on leave from the Beijing Normal University and his stay at Berkeley was supported also by the China Scholarship Council. The present address of LL is Nanyang Technical University, Singapore. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD JAN PY 2011 VL 523 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1002/andp.201000110 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 702YJ UT WOS:000285931500010 ER PT J AU Williams, IN Riley, WJ Torn, MS Berry, JA Biraud, SC AF Williams, I. N. Riley, W. J. Torn, M. S. Berry, J. A. Biraud, S. C. TI Using boundary layer equilibrium to reduce uncertainties in transport models and CO2 flux inversions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL PROFILES; WATER-VAPOR; LAND; CLIMATE; RECTIFIER; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS AB This paper reexamines evidence for systematic errors in atmospheric transport models, in terms of the diagnostics used to infer vertical mixing rates from models and observations. Different diagnostics support different conclusions about transport model errors that could imply either stronger or weaker northern terrestrial carbon sinks. Conventional mixing diagnostics are compared to analyzed vertical mixing rates using data from the US Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility, the CarbonTracker data assimilation system based on Transport Model version 5 (TM5), and atmospheric reanalyses. The results demonstrate that diagnostics based on boundary layer depth and vertical concentration gradients do not always indicate the vertical mixing strength. Vertical mixing rates are anti-correlated with boundary layer depth at some sites, diminishing in summer when the boundary layer is deepest. Boundary layer equilibrium concepts predict an inverse proportionality between CO2 vertical gradients and vertical mixing strength, such that previously reported discrepancies between observations and models most likely reflect overestimated as opposed to underestimated vertical mixing. However, errors in seasonal concentration gradients can also result from errors in modeled surface fluxes. This study proposes using the timescale for approach to boundary layer equilibrium to diagnose vertical mixing independently of seasonal surface fluxes, with applications to observations and model simulations of CO2 or other conserved boundary layer tracers with surface sources and sinks. Results indicate that frequently cited discrepancies between observations and inverse estimates do not provide sufficient proof of systematic errors in atmospheric transport models. Some previously hypothesized transport model biases, if found and corrected, could cause inverse estimates to further diverge from carbon inventory estimates of terrestrial sinks. C1 [Williams, I. N.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Riley, W. J.; Torn, M. S.; Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Berry, J. A.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Stanford, CA USA. RP Williams, IN (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM inw@uchicago.edu RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Williams, Ian/G-3256-2015; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Williams, Ian/0000-0003-0355-1310; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Department of Energy, BER Program, Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. CarbonTracker 2008 results provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. Andy Jacobson assisted with the CarbonTracker data. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9631 EP 9641 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9631-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700012 ER PT J AU McFarlane, SA Gaustad, KL Mlawer, EJ Long, CN Delamere, J AF McFarlane, S. A. Gaustad, K. L. Mlawer, E. J. Long, C. N. Delamere, J. TI Development of a high spectral resolution surface albedo product for the ARM Southern Great Plains central facility SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; VEGETATION INDEX; CLEAR SKIES; REFLECTANCE; FRACTION; CODES; ALGORITHMS; IRRADIANCE; CLOSURE; COVER AB We present a method for identifying dominant surface type and estimating high spectral resolution surface albedo at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in Oklahoma for use in radiative transfer calculations. Given a set of 6-channel narrowband visible and near-infrared irradiance measurements from upward and downward looking multi-filter radiometers (MFRs), four different surface types (snow-covered, green vegetation, partial vegetation, non-vegetated) can be identified. A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to distinguish between vegetated and non-vegetated surfaces, and a scaled NDVI index is used to estimate the percentage of green vegetation in partially vegetated surfaces. Based on libraries of spectral albedo measurements, a piecewise continuous function is developed to estimate the high spectral resolution surface albedo for each surface type given the MFR albedo values as input. For partially vegetated surfaces, the albedo is estimated as a linear combination of the green vegetation and non-vegetated surface albedo values. The estimated albedo values are evaluated through comparison to high spectral resolution albedo measurements taken during several Intensive Observational Periods (IOPs) and through comparison of the integrated spectral albedo values to observed broadband albedo measurements. The estimated spectral albedo values agree well with observations for the visible wavelengths constrained by the MFR measurements, but have larger biases and variability at longer wavelengths. Additional MFR channels at 1100 nm and/or 1600 nm would help constrain the high resolution spectral albedo in the near infrared region. C1 [McFarlane, S. A.; Gaustad, K. L.; Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mlawer, E. J.; Delamere, J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP McFarlane, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sally.mcfarlane@pnl.gov RI McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008 FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) FX We thank Alice Cialella for creating and annotating the map of the SGP site. This work was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1713 EP 1733 DI 10.5194/amt-4-1713-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QC UT WOS:000295367700002 ER PT J AU Ouellet, M Datta, S Dibble, DC Tamrakar, PR Benke, PI Li, CL Singh, S Sale, KL Adams, PD Keasling, JD Simmons, BA Holmes, BM Mukhopadhyay, A AF Ouellet, Mario Datta, Supratim Dibble, Dean C. Tamrakar, Pramila R. Benke, Peter I. Li, Chenlin Singh, Seema Sale, Kenneth L. Adams, Paul D. Keasling, Jay D. Simmons, Blake A. Holmes, Bradley M. Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila TI Impact of ionic liquid pretreated plant biomass on Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and biofuel production SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; FERMENTATION; ETHANOL; INHIBITION; YEAST; ACID; METABOLISM; CONVERSION; TOXICITY AB Inhibitory compounds generated by the pretreament of lignocellulose processes can have negative impacts on downstream microbial growth and biofuel production. As such they present a significant barrier to the commercialization of biofuels produced using renewable carbon sources. Inhibitors are derived from the transformation of monosaccharides into toxic compounds and can also be an intrinsic component of the pretreatment reagents or biomass. Ionic liquid ( IL) pretreatment has recently received attention as a potential alternative to established pretreatment techniques, but there are no published studies on its impact on downstream processes. In this study, sugars produced through the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass pretreated with the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C(2)mim][OAc]) were used to assess the impact of IL pretreatment on cell growth and production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Residual 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ion ([C(2)mim](+)) in hydrolysates was found to be the primary source of inhibition on downstream microbial growth and ethanol production. C1 [Ouellet, Mario; Tamrakar, Pramila R.; Keasling, Jay D.; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Fuel Synth Div, Emeryville, CA USA. [Ouellet, Mario; Benke, Peter I.; Adams, Paul D.; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Div Technol, Emeryville, CA USA. [Datta, Supratim; Dibble, Dean C.; Li, Chenlin; Singh, Seema; Sale, Kenneth L.; Simmons, Blake A.; Holmes, Bradley M.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA USA. [Ouellet, Mario; Tamrakar, Pramila R.; Benke, Peter I.; Adams, Paul D.; Keasling, Jay D.; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Datta, Supratim; Dibble, Dean C.; Li, Chenlin; Singh, Seema; Sale, Kenneth L.; Simmons, Blake A.; Holmes, Bradley M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ouellet, M (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Fuel Synth Div, 5885 Hollis St,4th Floor, Emeryville, CA USA. EM bmholmes@lbl.gov RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Li, Chenlin/0000-0002-0793-0505; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy's Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was part of the Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 32 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2743 EP 2749 DI 10.1039/c1gc15327g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 829KR UT WOS:000295579700021 ER PT J AU Degenstein, JC Kamireddy, S Tucker, MP Ji, Y AF Degenstein, John C. Kamireddy, Srinivas Tucker, Melvin P. Ji, Yun TI Novel Batch Reactor for the Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks with Improved Heating and Cooling Kinetics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lignocellulose; corn stover; dilute acid; pretreatment; heat transfer ID CORN STOVER; SOLIDS; YIELDS AB The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is an important part of the process of utilizing a renewable and abundant feedstock. This paper aims to provide a novel lab-scale batch pretreatment reactor that significantly improves heating and cooling kinetics over typical batch pretreatment reactors, yet made from readily available parts. The heating and cooling kinetics of a batch pretreatment reactor are important for emulating the behavior of a large scale continuous reactor system. The heat transfer performance has been quantified and presented here as a tool for aiding the design of a similar reactor system. One important lignocellulosic feedstock is corn stover, which was used in this study to validate the reactor performance. The pretreatment method that was used in this study is the dilute acid pretreatment. The pretreatment runs were enzymatically saccharified to evaluate the pretreatment effectiveness. The results from this enzymatic saccharification were compared with several literature sources to validate the reactor performance. The pretreatment conditions that were used are 0.5 wt% sulfuric acid, 10 minute pretreatment time, and 10 wt% solids loading. The enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose in the pretreated solids was 53.3% at 150 degrees C and 72.1% at 160 degrees C. C1 [Degenstein, John C.; Kamireddy, Srinivas; Ji, Yun] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Tucker, Melvin P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Degenstein, JC (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM john.degenstein@und.edu; srinivasreddy.kamire@und.edu; melvin.tucker@nrel.gov; yun.ji@und.edu FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [AEV-0-40634-01] FX National Renewable Energy Laboratory Subcontract No. AEV-0-40634-01 North Dakota Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1542-6580 J9 INT J CHEM REACT ENG JI Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 AR A95 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 828PR UT WOS:000295515000005 ER PT J AU Kansal, I Goel, A Tulyaganov, DU Pascual, MJ Lee, HY Kim, HW Ferreira, JMF AF Kansal, Ishu Goel, Ashutosh Tulyaganov, Dilshat U. Pascual, Maria J. Lee, Hye-Young Kim, Hae-Won Ferreira, Jose M. F. TI Diopside (CaO center dot MgO center dot 2SiO(2))-fluorapatite (9CaO center dot 3P(2)O(5)center dot CaF2) glass-ceramics: potential materials for bone tissue engineering SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED BODY-FLUID; BIOACTIVE GLASSES; APATITE FORMATION; SYSTEM; ANORTHITE; SCAFFOLD; DESIGN; 45S5; PH AB Glass-ceramics in the diopside (CaMgSi2O6)-fluorapatite [Ca-5(PO4)(3)F] system are potential candidates for restorative dental and bone implant materials. In the present study, a series of glasses along the diopside-fluorapatite binary system have been prepared with varying diopside/fluorapatite ratios for their potential applications in bone tissue engineering. The glasses were obtained from compositions with fluorapatite contents varying between 0 and 40 wt%. The sintering ability and crystallization kinetics of as obtained amorphous glasses have been studied through hot-stage microscopy (HSM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), respectively, while crystalline phase evolution in sintered GCs has been followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) adjoined with the Rietveld-R.I.R. technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, biodegradation and apatite forming ability of glass-ceramics were investigated by immersion of glass-ceramic discs in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution while chemical degradation and weight loss of glass-ceramics were studied by immersion in Tris-HCl in accordance with the ISO 10993-14 standard. The addition of fluorapatite (10-25 wt%) in the diopside glass system significantly enhanced the sintering ability of glass-ceramics and improved their apatite forming ability along with their biodegradation behaviour. Moreover, the in vitro cellular responses to glass-ceramics showed good cell viability and significant stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting the possible use of the glass-ceramics for bone regeneration. C1 [Goel, Ashutosh] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kansal, Ishu; Tulyaganov, Dilshat U.; Ferreira, Jose M. F.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, CICECO, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Tulyaganov, Dilshat U.] Turin Polytech Univ Tashkent, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan. [Pascual, Maria J.] CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Lee, Hye-Young; Kim, Hae-Won] Dankook Univ, Dept Nanobiomed Sci, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. [Lee, Hye-Young; Kim, Hae-Won] Dankook Univ, WCU Res Ctr, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. [Kim, Hae-Won] Dankook Univ, Inst Tissue Regenerat Engn ITREN, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. RP Goel, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ashutosh.goel@pnnl.gov RI Goel, Ashutosh/J-9972-2012 FU CICECO; National Research Foundation, Republic of Korea [2009-0093829, R31-10069]; [PTDC/CTM/099489/2008-GELMEMS] FX The research scholarship for Ishu Kansal in the framework of project PTDC/CTM/099489/2008-GELMEMS is greatly acknowledged. The support from CICECO is also acknowledged. Partial supports from the National Research Foundation, Republic of Korea (Research Centers Program, grant# 2009-0093829 and WCU Program, grant# R31-10069) are also acknowledged. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 40 BP 16247 EP 16256 DI 10.1039/c1jm11876e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 829KZ UT WOS:000295580800056 ER PT J AU Choi, S Park, JM Ju, WT Hong, SH AF Choi, Sooseok Park, Jin Myung Ju, Won Tae Hong, Sang Hee TI Effects of Constrictor Geometry, Arc Current, and Gas Flow Rate on Thermal Plasma Characteristics in a Segmented Arc Heater SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Flow Dynamics (ICFD 2010) CY NOV 01-03, 2010 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Global COE Program - World Ctr Educ & Res Trans-Disciplinary Flow Dynam DE Thermal Plasma; Segmented Arc Heater; Thermal Protection System; Design and Operation Variables; Numerical Simulation ID WIND-TUNNEL; AIR; TORCHES AB A numerical simulation on a segmented arc heater which is used to generate high thermal flow environments for the test of heat shield materials, were carried out. In this numerical prediction work, targets level of input power class, minimum enthalpy at the exit of the heater, and maximum pressure inside the heater were set up as 400 kW, 20 MJ/kg, and 4 bar, respectively. In order to produce uniform temperature and velocity characteristics of thermal flow for a successful test, effects of design and operation variables on the thermal plasma characteristics were analyzed. Number of the segments packs and diameter of the constrictor were changed 1 similar to 3 (105 similar to 315 mm) and 12 similar to 20 mm, respectively. As the torch operating variables, arc current was changed from 300 A to 500 A and plasma forming gas flow rate was varied from 6 g/s to 14 g/s. Arc current was adjusted to achieve about 400 kW according to constrictor geometry at fixed gas flow rate of 10 g/s, and optimal design conditions for uniform radial temperature and low pressure profiles with Mach number 1 at the supersonic throat were expected when the constrictor length and diameter were 315 mm and 16 mm, respectively. From the numerical results, diameters of the supersonic nozzle exit which determines test target size were calculated as 55.5 mm and 82.4 mm in the cases of Mach number 2 and 3, respectively. C1 [Choi, Sooseok] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Adv Res Fus Reactor Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Park, Jin Myung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ju, Won Tae] Plasnix Co Ltd, Inchon 405100, South Korea. [Hong, Sang Hee] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Adv Res Fus Reactor Engn, 599 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM sooseok.choi@gmail.com NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG., SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1880-5566 J9 J THERM SCI TECH-JPN JI J Therm. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1299/jtst.6.210 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA 826OE UT WOS:000295362700003 ER PT J AU Ismail, AE Pierce, F Grest, GS AF Ismail, Ahmed E. Pierce, Flint Grest, Gary S. TI Diffusion of small penetrant molecules in polybutadienes SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; polymers; diffusion ID SMALL GAS MOLECULES; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); CIS-1,4-POLYBUTADIENE; POLYMERS; PERMEABILITY; COEFFICIENTS; SOLUBILITY; STATE; MELTS AB The diffusion coefficient D in the dilute limit for three different penetrants - oxygen, water, and methanol - in three different conformations of polybutadiene (all cis-1,4, all trans-1,4, and a random copolymer containing 50% trans-1,4, 40% cis-1,4, and 10% vinyl-1,2 repeat units) has been computed using molecular dynamics simulations for temperatures in the range T 300-400 K. Simulation runs of 25 and 50 ns were made for each of the 45 combinations of penetrant, conformation, and temperature studied. Over this temperature range the density of the all-cis-1,4 conformation is higher than that of the all-trans-1,4 and random copolymer conformations, which are approximately equal. For all three conformations, D for oxygen and water are comparable and larger than that of methanol. However for a given penetrant, strong differences were observed in the rate of increase of D for the three conformations. We find that the activation barriers for the three penetrants are generally between 20 and 30 kJ mol(-1), in agreement with experimental results. The magnitude of the activation energy is directly proportional to the size, rather than the mass, of the penetrant molecule. C1 [Ismail, Ahmed E.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Fac Mech Engn, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Pierce, Flint; Grest, Gary S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ismail, AE (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Fac Mech Engn, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. EM ahmed.ismail@avt.rwth-aachen.de FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank the New Mexico Computing Application Center (NMCAC) for generous allocation of computer time. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2011 VL 109 IS 16 BP 2025 EP 2033 DI 10.1080/00268976.2011.608085 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 827WR UT WOS:000295460800006 ER PT J AU Grubjesic, S Lee, B Seifert, S Firestone, MA AF Grubjesic, Simonida Lee, Byeongdu Seifert, Soenke Firestone, Millicent A. TI Preparation of a self-supporting cell architecture mimic by water channel confined photocrosslinking within a lamellar structured hydrogel SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PEO TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; THERMAL-STABILITY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; PROTEIN; DEVICES; CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPLEXES AB A self-supporting biomimetic chemical hydrogel that can be reversibly swollen in water is described. An aqueous dispersion of a diacrylate end-derivatized PEO-PPO-PEO macromer, a saturated phospholipid, and a zwitterionic co-surfactant self-assembles into a multilamellar-structured physical gel at room temperature as determined by SAXS. The addition of a water soluble PEGDA co-monomer and photoinitiator within the water layers does not alter the self-assembled structure. ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy reveals that photoirradiation initiates the crosslinking between the acrylate end groups on the macromer with the PEGDA, forming a polymeric network within the aqueous domains. The primitive cytoskeleton mimic serves to stabilize the amphiphile bilayer, converting the physical gel into an elastic self-supporting chemical gel. Storage under ambient conditions causes dehydration of the hydrogel to 5 wt % water which can be reversed by swelling in water. The fully water swollen gel (85 wt % water) remains self-supporting but converts to a non-lamellar structure. As water is lost the chemical gel regains its lamellar structure. Incubation of the hydrogel in nonpolar organic solvents that do not dissolve the uncrosslinked lipid component (hexane) allow for swelling without loss of structural integrity. Chloroform, which readily solubilizes the lipid, causes irreversible loss of the lamellar structure. C1 [Grubjesic, Simonida; Firestone, Millicent A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu; Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM firestone@anl.gov OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH1135] FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Mr Paul Rickert in collection and interpretation of the 31P NMR data. We acknowledge Dr. Sungwon Lee for rendering the POV ray images. This work was performed under the auspices of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, United States Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH1135. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 20 BP 9695 EP 9705 DI 10.1039/c1sm06364b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 829LH UT WOS:000295582000020 ER PT J AU Duwig, C Nogenmyr, KJ Chan, CK Dunn, MJ AF Duwig, Christophe Nogenmyr, Karl-Johan Chan, Cheong-ki Dunn, Matthew J. TI Large Eddy Simulations of a piloted lean premix jet flame using finite-rate chemistry SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE implicit LES; combustion modelling; finite-rate chemistry; turbulent premixed combustion; LES validation ID TURBULENT FLAMES; COMBUSTION; FLOW; VORTEX; STABILIZATION; FORMULATION; PRESSURE; REGION; COFLOW; LIMITS AB A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model capable of accurately representing finite-rate chemistry effects in turbulent premixed combustion is presented. The LES computations use finite-rate chemistry and implicit LES combustion modelling to simulate an experimentally well-documented lean-premixed jet flame stabilized by a stoichiometric pilot. The validity of the implicit LES assumption is discussed and criteria are expressed in terms of subgrid scale Damkohler and Karlovitz numbers. Simulation results are compared to experimental data for velocity, temperature and species mass fractions of CH4, CO and OH. The simulation results highlight the validity and capability of the present approach for the flame and in general the combustion regime examined. A sensitivity analysis to the choice of the finite-rate chemistry mechanism is reported, this analysis indicates that the one and two-step global reaction mechanisms evaluated fail to capture the reaction layer with sufficient accuracy, while a 20-species skeletal mechanism reproduces the experimental observations accurately including the key finite-rate chemistry indicators CO and OH. The LES results are shown to be grid insensitive and that the grid resolution within the bounds examined is far less important compared to the sensitivity of the finite-rate chemistry representation. The results are analyzed in terms of the flame dynamics and it is shown that intense small scale mixing (high Karlovitz number) between the pilot and the jet is an important mechanism for the stabilization of the flame. C1 [Duwig, Christophe] Lund Univ, Div Fluid Mech, Dept Energy Sci, Fac Engn LTH, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Nogenmyr, Karl-Johan; Chan, Cheong-ki] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Duwig, Christophe] Haldor Topsoe Res Labs, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Dunn, Matthew J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Duwig, C (reprint author), Lund Univ, Div Fluid Mech, Dept Energy Sci, Fac Engn LTH, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM Christophe.Duwig@energy.lth.se RI Chan, CK/E-9174-2012; OI Chan, CK/0000-0002-5248-0734; Duwig, Christophe/0000-0001-5886-415X FU Research Grant Council of HKSAR [PolyU 5105/08E, B-Q10H]; Research Committee of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University [G-U294] FX Karl-Johan Nogenmyr and Cheong-ki Chan acknowledge the financial support of the Research Grant Council of HKSAR (Grant No. PolyU 5105/08E and B-Q10H) and the Research Committee of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Grant No. G-U294). NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 EI 1741-3559 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 4 BP 537 EP 568 DI 10.1080/13647830.2010.548531 PG 32 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 830UG UT WOS:000295682100005 ER PT J AU Liu, FQ Siddique, NA Mukherjee, PP AF Liu, Fuqiang Siddique, N. A. Mukherjee, Partha P. TI Nonequilibrium Phase Transformation and Particle Shape Effect in LiFePO4 Materials for Li-Ion Batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE MODEL; SOLID-SOLUTION; ELECTRODES; STABILITY; SURFACE AB The nonequilibrium phase transformation and particle shape effects in LiFePO4 materials of Li-ion batteries are explored in this work. A continuum model employing the "mushy-zone" (MZ) approach, accounting for sluggish Li diffusion across the two-phase boundary, has been developed to study the kinetically-induced nonequilibrium phenomenon in Li-ion batteries. A theoretical analysis is presented to show that the nonequilibrium miscibility gap expands and shifts to higher Li composition at high discharge rates, due to insufficient compositional readjustments at the two-phase boundary. Furthermore, critical effects of particle shape on nonequilibrium phase transformation and discharge capacity have been discovered by the model. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3610424] All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Fuqiang; Siddique, N. A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Electrochem Energy Lab, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Mukherjee, Partha P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, FQ (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Electrochem Energy Lab, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM fuqiang@uta.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 10 BP A143 EP A147 DI 10.1149/1.3610424 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 824OM UT WOS:000295211600002 ER PT J AU Haljasmaa, IV McLendon, TR Jikich, SA Goodman, A Siriwardane, H Soong, Y McIntyre, DL Bromhal, GS Irdi, GA Dobroskok, A AF Haljasmaa, Igor V. McLendon, T. Robert Jikich, Sinisha A. Goodman, Angela Siriwardane, Hema Soong, Yee McIntyre, Dustin L. Bromhal, Grant S. Irdi, Gino A. Dobroskok, Anastasia TI North Dakota lignite and Pittsburgh bituminous coal: a comparative analysis in application to CO2 sequestration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OIL GAS AND COAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lignite; bituminous coal; permeability; sorption; compressibility; USA; sequestration; CO2-coal interaction ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; STRESSED COAL; SORPTION; PERMEABILITY; PRESSURE; GAS; INJECTION; IMPACT AB Unmineable coal seams have been proposed as an option for carbon dioxide sequestration. Among key parameters necessary for assessing the suitability of a coal type (or specific coal seam) for sequestration are permeability and sorption capacity. Two ranks of coal (Pittsburgh seam bituminous and North Dakota lignite) are presented and compared in this paper. The lignite coal is technically preferable for sequestration. Permeability was affected by cracks/cleats, pressure variations and exposure time. Coal 'swelling' due to CO2 sorption caused significant drops in permeability usually within several days which can significantly retard penetration rates of CO2 into the sequestration target. Sorption times were determined at different confining and pore fluid pressures. Profiles of sorption gradients were determined. Sorption processes in coal cores may require days to approach equilibrium. Comparisons of coal cores were made with powdered coal studies (which have higher sorption, shorter times) for sorption isotherms. [Received: November 3, 2010; Accepted: January 4, 2011] C1 [Haljasmaa, Igor V.; McLendon, T. Robert; Jikich, Sinisha A.; Goodman, Angela; Soong, Yee; McIntyre, Dustin L.; Bromhal, Grant S.; Irdi, Gino A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Siriwardane, Hema] W Virginia Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Dobroskok, Anastasia] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP McLendon, TR (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Igor.Haljasmaa@UR.NETL.DOE.GOV; T.McLendon@NETL.DOE.GOV; Sinisha.Jikich@NETL.DOE.GOV; Angela.Goodman@NETL.DOE.GOV; Hema.Siriwardane@WV.DOE.NETL.GOV; Yee.Soong@NETL.DOE.GOV; Dustin.Mcintyre@NETL.DOE.GOV; Grant.Bromhal@NETL.DOE.GOV; Gino.Irdi@NETL.DOE.GOV; adobrosk@nmsu.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1753-3309 EI 1753-3317 J9 INT J OIL GAS COAL T JI Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Technol. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 264 EP 281 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 828GS UT WOS:000295490100003 ER PT S AU Cui, YG Lall, T Tsui, B Yu, JH Mahler, G Bolotnikov, A Vaska, P De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Meinken, G Joyal, J Barrett, J Camarda, G Hossain, A Kim, KH Yang, G Pomper, M Cho, S Weisman, K Seo, Y Babich, J LaFrance, N James, RB AF Cui, Yonggang Lall, Terry Tsui, Benjamin Yu, Jianhua Mahler, George Bolotnikov, Aleksey Vaska, Paul De Geronimo, Gianluigi O'Connor, Paul Meinken, George Joyal, John Barrett, John Camarda, Giuseppe Hossain, Anwar Kim, Ki Hyun Yang, Ge Pomper, Marty Cho, Steve Weisman, Ken Seo, Youngho Babich, John LaFrance, Norman James, Ralph B. BE Amzajerdian, F Chen, W Gao, C Xie, T TI Compact CdZnTe-based gamma camera for prostate cancer imaging SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOELECTRONIC DETECTION AND IMAGING 2011: LASER SENSING AND IMAGING AND BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF PHOTONICS SENSING AND IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2011 - Laser Sensing and Imaging and Biological and Medical Applications of Photonics Sensing and Imaging CY MAY 24-26, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Photoelect Technol Profess Comm, CSA, Tianjin Jinhang Inst Tech Phys, CASIC, Sci & Technol Low Light Level Night Vision Lab, Chinese Soc Astronaut DE CdZnTe; Radiation Detectors; Prostate Cancer; Nuclear Medical Imaging; Gamma Camera AB In this paper, we discuss the design of a compact gamma camera for high-resolution prostate cancer imaging using Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) radiation detectors. Prostate cancer is a common disease in men. Nowadays, a blood test measuring the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is widely used for screening for the disease in males over 50, followed by (ultrasound) imaging-guided biopsy. However, PSA tests have a high false-positive rate and ultrasound-guided biopsy has a high likelihood of missing small cancerous tissues. Commercial methods of nuclear medical imaging, e.g. PET and SPECT, can functionally image the organs, and potentially find cancer tissues at early stages, but their applications in diagnosing prostate cancer has been limited by the smallness of the prostate gland and the long working distance between the organ and the detectors comprising these imaging systems. CZT is a semiconductor material with wide band-gap and relatively high electron mobility, and thus can operate at room temperature without additional cooling. CZT detectors are photon-electron direct-conversion devices, thus offering high energy-resolution in detecting gamma rays, enabling energy-resolved imaging, and reducing the background of Compton-scattering events. In addition, CZT material has high stopping power for gamma rays; for medical imaging, a few-mm-thick CZT material provides adequate detection efficiency for many SPECT radiotracers. Because of these advantages, CZT detectors are becoming popular for several SPECT medical-imaging applications. Most recently, we designed a compact gamma camera using CZT detectors coupled to an application-specific-integrated-circuit (ASIC). This camera functions as a trans-rectal probe to image the prostate gland from a distance of only 1-5 cm, thus offering higher detection efficiency and higher spatial resolution. Hence, it potentially can detect prostate cancers at their early stages. The performance tests of this camera have been completed. The results show better than 6-mm resolution at a distance of 1 cm. Details of the test results are discussed in this paper. C1 [Cui, Yonggang; Mahler, George; Bolotnikov, Aleksey; Vaska, Paul; De Geronimo, Gianluigi; O'Connor, Paul; Meinken, George; Camarda, Giuseppe; Hossain, Anwar; Kim, Ki Hyun; Yang, Ge; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cui, YG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ycui@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-833-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8192 AR 819255 DI 10.1117/12.901078 PN 1 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BWV43 UT WOS:000295055800184 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Multiple Attribute Decision Making METHODS AND APPLICATIONS Introduction SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000002 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Multiple Attribute Decision Making METHODS AND APPLICATIONS Preface SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP XI EP + PG 25 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000001 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Analytic Hierarchy Process SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 15 EP 27 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000003 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Analytic Network Process and Fuzzy Analytic Network Process SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 29 EP 54 PG 26 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000004 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Simple Additive Weighting Method SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 55 EP 67 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000005 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI TOPSIS and VIKOR SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000006 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI ELECTRE Method SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 81 EP 93 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000007 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI PROMETHEE Method SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000008 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Gray Relational Model SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000009 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Fuzzy Integral Technique SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 109 EP 121 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000010 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Rough Sets SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000011 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Structural Model SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000012 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI AHP: An Application SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 143 EP 156 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000013 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI VIKOR Technique with Applications Based on DEMATEL and ANP SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 157 EP 172 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000014 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI TOPSIS and VIKOR: An Application SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 173 EP 185 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000015 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI ELECTRE: An Application SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 187 EP 202 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000016 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI PROMETEE: An Application SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 203 EP 216 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000017 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Fuzzy Integral and Gray Relation: An Application SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 217 EP 232 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000018 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Fuzzy Integral: An Application SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000019 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Rough Sets: An Application SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000020 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Extending the DEMATEL Method for Group Decision Making in Fuzzy Environments SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 257 EP 271 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000021 ER PT J AU Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ AF Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung Huang, Jih-Jeng BA Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ BF Tzeng, GH Huang, JJ TI Multiple Attribute Decision Making METHODS AND APPLICATIONS Appendix SO MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Kainan Univ, Int Summer Sch Multiple Criteria Decis Making, Kainan, Taiwan. [Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tzeng, GH (reprint author), Chaio Tung Univ, Hsinchu, Taiwan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6158-5 PY 2011 BP 273 EP 308 PG 36 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BWS90 UT WOS:000294761000022 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Moulton, JD Svyatskiy, D AF Lipnikov, K. Moulton, J. D. Svyatskiy, D. TI ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES IN THE MULTILEVEL MULTISCALE MIMETIC (M-3) METHOD FOR TWO-PHASE FLOWS IN POROUS MEDIA SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE multiscale method; transport in porous media; adaptive mesh refinement; well modeling; two-phase flows ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; NUMERICAL RESERVOIR SIMULATION; WELL-BLOCK PRESSURES; POLYHEDRAL MESHES; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; PERMEABILITY; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB The multilevel multiscale mimetic (M-3) method was proposed in Lipnikov, Moulton, and Svyatskiy [J. Comput. Phys., 227 (2008), pp. 6727-6753] for simulating two-phase flows (water and oil) in a heterogeneous reservoir. The governing equations are an elliptic equation for the reservoir pressure and a hyperbolic equation for the water saturation. The challenge lies in the influence that fine-scale features of the porous medium may have on coarse-scale properties of the solution. This challenge is accentuated in highly heterogeneous media with large correlation lengths that defy the use of simple parameter averaging techniques. The M3 method builds a structure preserving multilevel hierarchy of models that are locally conservative at each level. The mimetic finite difference discretization handles full tensor permeabilities and general unstructured meshes. We introduced a unified model upscaling technology that highlights the impact of a well model on the upscaled pressure. We developed and analyzed numerically two new adaptive strategies. First, an adaptive mesh coarsening strategy based on the equidistribution of fluxes is developed for accelerating the solution of the transport equation. Second, the multilevel hierarchy of models is only regenerated when a change in the velocity field exceeds some threshold. The effectiveness of these adaptive strategies is verified with numerical experiments of a well-driven flow. C1 [Lipnikov, K.; Moulton, J. D.; Svyatskiy, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov; moulton@lanl.gov; dasvyat@lanl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Office of Science FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract no. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the DOE Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) Program in Applied Mathematics Research. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 3 BP 991 EP 1016 DI 10.1137/100787544 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 827BA UT WOS:000295399000004 ER PT J AU Wild, SM Shoemaker, C AF Wild, Stefan M. Shoemaker, Christine TI GLOBAL CONVERGENCE OF RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION TRUST REGION DERIVATIVE-FREE ALGORITHMS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE derivative-free optimization; radial basis functions; trust region methods; nonlinear optimization ID PARALLEL PATTERN SEARCH; FREE OPTIMIZATION; NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION; GEOMETRY AB We analyze globally convergent derivative-free trust region algorithms relying on radial basis function interpolation models. Our results extend the recent work of Conn, Scheinberg, and Vicente [SIAM J. Optim., 20 (2009), pp. 387-415] to fully linear models that have a nonlinear term. We characterize the types of radial basis functions that fit in our analysis and thus show global convergence to first-order critical points for the ORBIT algorithm of Wild, Regis, and Shoemaker [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 30 (2008), pp. 3197-3219]. Using ORBIT, we present numerical results for different types of radial basis functions on a series of test problems. We also demonstrate the use of ORBIT in finding local minima on a computationally expensive environmental engineering problem. C1 [Wild, Stefan M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shoemaker, Christine] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Shoemaker, Christine] Cornell Univ, Sch Operat Res & Informat Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wild, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wild@mcs.anl.gov; cas12@cornell.edu RI Wild, Stefan/P-4907-2016 OI Wild, Stefan/0000-0002-6099-2772 FU Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH 11357]; U.S. Department of Energy Computational Science [DE-FG02-97ER25308]; NSF [BES-022917, CBET-0756575, CCF-0305583, DMS-0434390] FX This paper has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under contract DE-AC02-06CH 11357.; This author was supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship under grant DE-FG02-97ER25308.; This author was supported by NSF grants BES-022917, CBET-0756575, CCF-0305583, and DMS-0434390. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 761 EP 781 DI 10.1137/09074927X PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 827CY UT WOS:000295405600006 ER PT J AU Guerra, A Newman, AM Leyffer, S AF Guerra, A. Newman, A. M. Leyffer, S. TI CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN USING MIXED-INTEGER NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING WITH COMPLEMENTARITY CONSTRAINTS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE complementarity problems; applications in optimization; mixed-integer nonlinear programming ID MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMS; INELASTIC ANALYSIS; EQUILIBRIUM CONSTRAINTS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; FLEXURAL DESIGN; FRAMES; OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE; SCHEME; SQP AB We present a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation to achieve minimum-cost designs for reinforced concrete (RC) structures that satisfy building code requirements. The objective function includes material and labor costs for concrete, steel reinforcing bars, and formwork according to typical contractor methods. Restrictions enforce correct geometry of the cross-section dimensions for each element and relative sizes of cross-section dimensions of elements within the structure. Other restrictions define a stiffness and displacement correlation among all structural elements via finite element analysis. The design of minimum cost RC structures introduces a new class of optimization problems, namely, mixed-integer nonlinear programs with complementarity constraints. The complementarity constraints are used to model RC element strength and American Concrete Institute code-required safety factors. We reformulate the complementarity constraints as nonlinear equations and show that the resulting ill-conditioned MINLPs can be solved by using an off-the-shelf MINLP solver. Our work provides discrete-valued design solutions for an explicit representation of a process most often performed implicitly with iterative calculations. We demonstrate the capabilities of a mixed-integer nonlinear algorithm, MINLPBB, to find optimal sizing and reinforcing for cast-in-place beam and column elements in multistory RC structures. Problem instances contain up to 678 variables, of which 214 are integer, and 844 constraints, of which 582 are nonlinear. We solve problems to local optimality within a reasonable amount of computational time, and we find an average cost savings over typical-practice design solutions of 13 percent. C1 [Guerra, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Newman, A. M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Leyffer, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guerra, A (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aguerra@mines.edu; anewman@mines.edu; leyffer@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-05ER25694] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and through grant DE-FG02-05ER25694. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 833 EP 863 DI 10.1137/090778286 PG 31 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 827CY UT WOS:000295405600010 ER PT S AU Anheier, NC Qiao, HA AF Anheier, Norman C. Qiao, Hong A. BE Tustison, RW TI A Mid-Infrared Prism Coupler for Bulk and Thin Film Optical Analysis SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mid-infrared; optical metrology; prism coupling; optical dispersion; dn/dT ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ELLIPSOMETRY; WAVELENGTH; THICKNESS AB In this paper we present a prism coupler that is capable of characterizing optical dispersion and thermal index variations (dn/dT) in bulk and thin film materials at measurement wavelengths extending through the mid-infrared (3 to 12 mu m). Our research was motivated by the need for precise, rapid, and low cost optical refractive index analysis to facilitate development of new mid-infrared optical materials, assessment of variability in mid-infrared optical materials acquired from commercial sources, and design of optical elements used in advanced, high performance mid-infrared sensing platforms. Such efforts commonly require +/- 1x10(-3) or better absolute index measurement accuracy at measurement wavelengths spanning from the visible to the mid-infrared. Unfortunately most dispersion and dn/dT characterization methods require compromises in accuracy, cost, and timeliness, or cannot access the mid-infrared spectral region where many of the most important sensing and defense applications exist. A prism coupler, implemented at the mid-infrared, was found to provide rapid and cost-effective optical materials metrology with sufficient accuracy to meet most design requirements. We discuss the challenges of integrating the required mid-infrared optical components, including a sensitive mid-infrared detector and the quantum cascade and other infrared laser sources, with a commercial Metricon prism coupler and the calibration steps necessary to achieve the desired measurement accuracy. C1 [Anheier, Norman C.; Qiao, Hong A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Anheier, NC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM norm.anheier@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-590-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8016 AR 80160E DI 10.1117/12.884281 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BWW03 UT WOS:000295118800012 ER PT S AU McCloy, J Fest, E Korenstein, R Poisl, WH AF McCloy, John Fest, Eric Korenstein, Ralph Poisl, W. Howard BE Tustison, RW TI Anisotropy in Structural and Optical Properties of Chemical Vapor Deposited ZnS SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Zinc sulfide; chemical vapor deposition; IR window; anisotropy ID ZINC-SULFIDE; CVD ZNS; DEFECTS; MICROSTRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIA AB Significant anisotropy in as-deposited CVD ZnS at several length scales has been demonstrated through investigation of structural and optical properties. Compressive strength of cylinders of CVD ZnS oriented in the growth direction is similar to 50% higher than cylinders taken perpendicular to the growth direction. Lattice parameter measurements of mandrel side (first-to-grow) material is similar to 0.4% smaller than growth side (last-to-grow) material in a cored sample representing similar to 500 hours of CVD growth, indicating significant strain along the growth direction. X-ray diffraction also shows evidence of preferred orientations for hexagonality which differ depending on position in the growth history. In cross-section, the cored sample shows several large bands which are correlated with different degrees of infrared absorption and BTDF scattering. However, no universal trend is found that applies to the whole length from the mandrel to the growth side regarding optical properties. The extinction in the visible and infrared is lower for measurements perpendicular to the growth axis than parallel to it, possibly due to scattering from the growth bands. C1 [McCloy, John] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McCloy, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.mccloy@pnl.gov RI McCloy, John/D-3630-2013 OI McCloy, John/0000-0001-7476-7771 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-590-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8016 AR 80160I DI 10.1117/12.886138 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BWW03 UT WOS:000295118800016 ER PT S AU McCloy, JS AF McCloy, John S. BE Tustison, RW TI Methods for prediction of refractive index in glasses for the infrared SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XII CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE refractive index; polarizability; infrared glass ID OPTICAL BASICITY; ELECTRONIC POLARIZABILITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SIMPLE OXIDES; DISPERSION; OXYGEN; ION; FLUORIDES; SAPPHIRE; MINERALS AB It is often useful to obtain custom glasses that meet particular requirements of refractive index and dispersion for high-end optical design and applications. In the case of infrared glasses, limited experimental data are available due to difficulties in processing of these glasses and also measuring refractive indices accurately. This paper proposes methods to estimate refractive index and dispersion as a function of composition for selected infrared-transmitting glasses. Methods for refractive index determination are reviewed and evaluated, including Gladstone-Dale, Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator, Optical basicity, and Lorentz-Lorenz total polarizability. Various estimates for a set of PbO-Bi2O3-Ga2O3 (heavy metal oxide) and As-S (chalcogenide) glasses will be compared with measured values of index and dispersion. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McCloy, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.mccloy@pnl.gov RI McCloy, John/D-3630-2013 OI McCloy, John/0000-0001-7476-7771 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-590-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8016 AR 80160G DI 10.1117/12.882536 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BWW03 UT WOS:000295118800014 ER PT S AU Boye, RR Washburn, CM Scrymgeour, DA Hance, BG Dirk, SM Wheeler, DR Yelton, WG Lambert, TN AF Boye, R. R. Washburn, C. M. Scrymgeour, D. A. Hance, B. G. Dirk, S. M. Wheeler, D. R. Yelton, W. G. Lambert, T. N. BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, G TI Development of an optically interrogated chemical tag SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies VIII CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Conductive polymer; chemical sensing; HF sensing; subwavelength; polarization ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HYDROSILYLATION AB We report on the progress of an optical tag designed to indicate the presence of HF. The approach we followed uses a high spatial frequency grating consisting of lines of conductive polymer. The conductive polymer has been designed to be sensitive to HF; changing its conductivity upon exposure. This material change results in a change in the polarization response of the grating which can be read out remotely using optical techniques. The use of a polarization response makes the signal more robust to intensity fluctuations in the background or interrogation system. Additionally, the use of optical interrogation allows for standoff detection in instances where hazardous conditions may be present. A review of the material development work will be presented as well as the device fabrication efforts. Examples of material and device responses will be shown and directions for further investigation discussed. C1 [Boye, R. R.; Washburn, C. M.; Scrymgeour, D. A.; Hance, B. G.; Dirk, S. M.; Wheeler, D. R.; Yelton, W. G.; Lambert, T. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boye, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-598-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8024 AR 80240A DI 10.1117/12.884428 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWV40 UT WOS:000295053900004 ER PT S AU Chang, ASP Bora, M Nguyen, HT Behymer, EM Larson, CC Britten, JA Carter, JC Bond, TC AF Chang, Allan S. P. Bora, Mihail Nguyen, Hoang T. Behymer, Elaine M. Larson, Cindy C. Britten, Jerald A. Carter, J. Chance Bond, Tiziana C. BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, G TI Nanopillars array for surface enhanced Raman scattering SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies VIII CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering; spectroscopy; sensing; nanostructures ID SPECTROSCOPY; SERS; NANOPARTICLES; LITHOGRAPHY; MOLECULES; LIMIT; TIME AB We present a new class of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates based on lithographically-defined two-dimensional rectangular array of nanopillars. Two types of nanopillars within this class are discussed: vertical pillars and tapered pillars. For the vertical pillars, the gap between each pair of nanopillars is small enough (< 50 nm) such that highly confined plasmonic cavity resonances are supported between the pillars when light is incident upon them, and the anti-nodes of these resonances act as three-dimensional hotspots for SERS. For the tapered pillars, SERS enhancement arises from the nanofocusing effect due to the sharp tip on top. SERS experiments were carried out on these substrates using various concentrations of 1,2 bis-(4-pyridyl)-ethylene (BPE), benzenethiol (BT) monolayer and toluene vapor. The results show that SERS enhancement factor of over 0.5 x 10(9) can be achieved, and BPE can be detected down to femto-molar concentration level. The results also show promising potential for the use of these substrates in environmental monitoring of gases and vapors such as volatile organic compounds. C1 [Chang, Allan S. P.; Bora, Mihail; Nguyen, Hoang T.; Behymer, Elaine M.; Larson, Cindy C.; Britten, Jerald A.; Carter, J. Chance; Bond, Tiziana C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chang, ASP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chang43@llnl.gov; bond7@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-598-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8024 AR 80240I DI 10.1117/12.884263 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWV40 UT WOS:000295053900012 ER PT S AU Olama, MM Allgood, GO Kuruganti, TP Sukumar, SR Djouadi, SM Lake, JE AF Olama, Mohammed M. Allgood, Glenn O. Kuruganti, Teja P. Sukumar, Sreenivas R. Djouadi, Seddik M. Lake, Joe E. BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, G TI Steam distribution and energy delivery optimization using wireless sensors SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies VIII CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Energy efficiency; steam distribution system; wireless sensor networks; state estimation; steam trap diagnostics; flow rate estimation; spectrogram AB The Extreme Measurement Communications Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) explores the deployment of a wireless sensor system with a real-time measurement-based energy efficiency optimization framework in the ORNL campus. With particular focus on the 12-mile long steam distribution network in our campus, we propose an integrated system-level approach to optimize the energy delivery within the steam distribution system. We address the goal of achieving significant energy-saving in steam lines by monitoring and acting on leaking steam valves/traps. Our approach leverages an integrated wireless sensor and real-time monitoring capabilities. We make assessments on the real-time status of the distribution system by mounting acoustic sensors on the steam pipes/traps/valves and observe the state measurements of these sensors. Our assessments are based on analysis of the wireless sensor measurements. We describe Fourier-spectrum based algorithms that interpret acoustic vibration sensor data to characterize flows and classify the steam system status. We are able to present the sensor readings, steam flow, steam trap status and the assessed alerts as an interactive overlay within a web-based Google Earth geographic platform that enables decision makers to take remedial action. We believe our demonstration serves as an instantiation of a platform that extends implementation to include newer modalities to manage water flow, sewage and energy consumption. C1 [Olama, Mohammed M.; Allgood, Glenn O.; Kuruganti, Teja P.; Sukumar, Sreenivas R.; Lake, Joe E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Olama, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008,MS-6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kurugantipv@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-598-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8024 AR 802408 DI 10.1117/12.884148 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWV40 UT WOS:000295053900003 ER PT B AU Davis, ZS AF Davis, Zachary S. BE Davis, ZS TI THE INDIA-PAKISTAN MILITARY STANDOFF CRISIS AND ESCALATION IN SOUTH ASIA INTRODUCTION SO INDIA-PAKISTAN MILITARY STANDOFF: CRISIS AND ESCALATION IN SOUTH ASIA SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Davis, Zachary S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Davis, ZS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23011-876-8 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2011 BP 1 EP 16 D2 10.1057/9780230118768 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWU33 UT WOS:000294866200001 ER PT J AU Davis, ZS AF Davis, Zachary S. BE Davis, ZS TI CONCLUSION: LESSONS LEARNED AND UNLEARNED SO INDIA-PAKISTAN MILITARY STANDOFF: CRISIS AND ESCALATION IN SOUTH ASIA SE Initiatives in Strategic Studies-Issues and Policies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Davis, Zachary S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Davis, Zachary S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Davis, ZS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23011-876-8 J9 INITIAT STRATEG STUD PY 2011 BP 229 EP 236 D2 10.1057/9780230118768 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWU33 UT WOS:000294866200010 ER PT S AU Wong, CY AF Wong, Cheuk-Yin BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Anomalous Soft Photons associated with Hadron Production in String Fragmentation SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE String fragmentation; soft photon production; hadron production ID MASSIVE SCHWINGER MODEL; 280 GEV/C; PI(-)P INTERACTIONS; QED EXPECTATIONS; EXCESS; DECAYS; SIGNAL; QUARKS; K+P AB The bosonized QCD2+QED2 system for quarks with two flavors contains QCD2 and QED2 bound states, with an isoscalar photon at about 25 MeV and an isovector (I=1,I(3)=0) photon at about 44 MeV. Consequently, when a quark and an antiquark at the two ends of a string pulls apart from each other at high energies, hadrons and soft photons will be produced simultaneously in the fragmentation of the string. The production of the QED2 soft photons in association with hadrons may explain the anomalous soft photon data in hadron-hadron collisions and e(+)-e(-) annihilations at high energies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 447 EP 449 DI 10.1063/1.3575057 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400123 ER PT J AU Huang, HZ Shi, JS Laskin, J Liu, ZY McVey, DS Sun, XZS AF Huang, Hongzhou Shi, Jishu Laskin, Julia Liu, Ziyan McVey, David S. Sun, Xiuzhi S. TI Design of a shear-thinning recoverable peptide hydrogel from native sequences and application for influenza H1N1 vaccine adjuvant SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID REVERSIBLE HYDROGELS; RATIONAL DESIGN; GAS-PHASE; PROTEIN; BIOMATERIALS; IMMUNIZATION; GELS AB Peptide hydrogels are considered injectable materials for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Most published hydrogel-forming sequences contain either alternating-charged and non-charged residues or amphiphilic blocks. Here, we report a self-assembling peptide, h9e (FLIVIGSIIGPGGDGPGGD), designed by rationally combining two native sequences from an elastic segment of spider silk and a trans-membrane segment of human muscle L-type calcium channel. The turning segment GSII of h9e promoted hydrogel formation in both Ca(2+) solution and acidic pH conditions at water content greater than 99.5%. Although h9e Ca(2+) hydrogel and h9e acidic hydrogel have the same sequence, they have distinct physical properties. The shear-thinning, rapid-strength-recovering h9e Ca(2+) hydrogel was used as an H1N1 influenza vaccine adjuvant. The h9e adjuvant was biologically safe and improved immune response by similar to 70% compared with an oil-based commercial adjuvant. C1 [Huang, Hongzhou; Sun, Xiuzhi S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Biomat & Technol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Shi, Jishu; Liu, Ziyan] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Laskin, Julia] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [McVey, David S.] Univ Nebraska, Vet Diagnost Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sun, XZS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Biomat & Technol Lab, 1980 Kimball Ave,101B BIVAP Bldg, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM xss@ksu.edu RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 FU Targeted Excellence Program; Center for Biobased Polymers by Design at Kansas State University; U.S. DOE of Biological and Environmental Research FX We thank Dr Dan Boyle (Department of Biology, Kansas State University) for TEM and LSCM images, Dr Michal Zolkiewski (Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University) for CD use, Dr Duy Hua (Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University) for HPLC use, and the University of Kansas Mass Spectrometry Lab for mass spectrometric analysis. Funding for this work was provided by the Targeted Excellence Program and Center for Biobased Polymers by Design at Kansas State University. Contribution no. 10-127-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. MS/MS experiments were performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 19 BP 8905 EP 8912 DI 10.1039/c1sm05157a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 822YE UT WOS:000295085700030 ER PT J AU Kalafut-Pettibone, AJ Wang, J Eichinger, WE Clarke, A Vay, SA Blake, DR Stanier, CO AF Kalafut-Pettibone, A. J. Wang, J. Eichinger, W. E. Clarke, A. Vay, S. A. Blake, D. R. Stanier, C. O. TI Size-resolved aerosol emission factors and new particle formation/growth activity occurring in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; ON-ROAD; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FIELD CAMPAIGN; AIR-QUALITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; METROPOLITAN-AREA AB Measurements of the aerosol size distribution from 11 nm to 2.5 microns were made in Mexico City in March 2006, during the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) field campaign. Observations at the urban supersite, referred to as T0, could often be characterized by morning conditions with high particle mass concentrations, low mixing heights, and highly correlated particle number and CO2 concentrations, indicative that particle number is controlled by primary emissions. Average size-resolved and total number-and volume-based emission factors for combustion sources impacting T0 have been determined using a comparison of peak sizes in particle number and CO2 concentration. Peaks are determined by subtracting the measured concentration from a calculated baseline concentration time series. The number emission and volume emission factors for particles from 11 nm to 494 nm are 1.56x10(15) particles, and 9.48x10(11) cubic microns per kg of carbon, respectively. The uncertainty of the number emission factor is approximately plus or minus 50 %. The mode of the number emission factor was between 25 and 32 nm, while the mode of the volume factor was between 0.25 and 0.32 microns. These emission factors are reported as log normal model parameters and are compared with multiple emission factors from the literature. In Mexico City in the afternoon, the CO2 concentration drops during ventilation of the polluted layer, and the coupling between CO2 and particle number breaks down, especially during new particle formation events when particle number is no longer controlled by primary emissions. Using measurements of particle number and CO2 taken aboard the NASA DC-8, the determined primary emission factor was applied to the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) plume to quantify the degree of secondary particle formation in the plume; the primary emission factor accounts for less than 50% of the total particle number and the surplus particle count is not correlated with photochemical age. Primary particle volume and number in the size range 0.1-2 mu m are similarly too low to explain the observed volume distribution. Contrary to the case for number, the apparent secondary volume increases with photochemical age. The size distribution of the apparent increase, with a mode at similar to 250 nm, is reported. C1 [Kalafut-Pettibone, A. J.; Stanier, C. O.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Wang, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Eichinger, W. E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Clarke, A.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Vay, S. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Stanier, CO (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM charles-stanier@uiowa.edu RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Stanier, Charles/D-4307-2016 OI Stanier, Charles/0000-0001-9924-0853 FU NSF [ATM05-11521]; US Department of Energy (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; [ATM07-48602] FX This work was supported by funding from ATM07-48602, from NSF grant ATM05-11521, and US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, OBER) under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. We would like to acknowledge Cameron McNaughton and Steven Howell who were responsible for maintenance and operation of the aerosol measurement system aboard the NASA DC-8. The authors would like to thank Nancy Marley (University of Arkansas-Little Rock) for their contributions of nephelometer and meteorological data. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 8861 EP 8881 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8861-2011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200003 ER PT J AU Sovacool, BK AF Sovacool, Benjamin K. BE Peimani, H TI GLOBAL TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY, RENEWABLE FUELS, AND MARKETS FOR RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING SO CHALLENGE OF ENERGY SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: TRENDS OF SIGNIFICANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore, Singapore. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, New York, NY USA. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] US DOE, Climate Change Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Near Vienna, Vienna, Austria. RP Sovacool, BK (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore, Singapore. OI Sovacool, Benjamin/0000-0002-4794-9403 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES PI SINGAPORE PA HENG MUI KING TERRACE, PASIR PANJANG, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4311-61-8 PY 2011 BP 8 EP 38 PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies; Asian Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Asian Studies GA BWC84 UT WOS:000293509400002 ER PT B AU Taghavi, S Weyens, N Vangronsveld, J van der Lelie, D AF Taghavi, Safiyh Weyens, Nele Vangronsveld, Jaco van der Lelie, Daniel BE Pirttila, AM Frank, AC TI Improved Phytoremediation of Organic Contaminants Through Engineering of Bacterial Endophytes of Trees SO ENDOPHYTES OF FOREST TREE: BIOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE Forestry Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; PLANT-GROWTH; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; ACC DEAMINASE; POPLAR TREES; SOIL; BURKHOLDERIA; L.; RHIZOBACTERIA AB This chapter describes the possibilities of using engineered plant-associated endophytic bacteria to improve phytoremediation of organic contaminants by complementing the metabolic properties of their host plant. Analysis of the endophytic communities isolated from trees grown on groundwater contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) or trichloroethylene (TCE) revealed the presence of many strains able to degrade BTEX compounds or resist TCE. One would therefore expect that natural communities of endophytic bacteria can significantly contribute to the efficiency of the phytoremediation process. However, especially for the phytoremediation of TCE, in situ evapotranspiration measurements revealed that a significant amount of the contaminant and its metabolites evaporated to the atmosphere, pointing to a far from optimal situation. An alternative proactive approach to natural enrichment is to inoculate plants with endophytic bacteria that are engineered to optimally metabolize the contaminant of interest, thereby improving the overall phytoremediation process. Examples of successful bioaugmentation to improve the phytoremediation of BTEX and TCE under greenhouse and field conditions are presented, and the possibilities to extend this concept to other contaminants are discussed. C1 [van der Lelie, Daniel] RTI Int Res, Ctr Agr & Environm Biotechnol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Weyens, Nele; Vangronsveld, Jaco] Hasselt Univ, Dept Environm Biol, CMK, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Taghavi, Safiyh] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), RTI Int Res, Ctr Agr & Environm Biotechnol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM vdlelied@RTI.org NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1598-1 J9 FOR SCI PY 2011 VL 80 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1599-8_13 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BWO43 UT WOS:000294391600013 ER PT B AU Rayner, JL Fenton, SE AF Rayner, Jennifer L. Fenton, Suzanne E. BE Russo, J TI Atrazine: An Environmental Endocrine Disruptor That Alters Mammary Gland Development and Tumor Susceptibility SO ENVIRONMENT AND BREAST CANCER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Atrazine; HPG axis; Endocrine disruptor; Herbicide; Mammary gland; Lactation; Tumor development ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LONG-EVANS RATS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; CANCER INCIDENCE; BREAST-CANCER; FEMALE RATS; WISTAR RAT; METABOLITES; GROWTH AB Atrazine, a widely used chlorotriazine herbicide, has been regulated and reviewed because of its ability to alter endocrine signaling and cause mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The ability of atrazine to cause breast cancer in humans has been studied and the results are equivocal. Rodent studies showed that atrazine alters the developing mammary gland, makes it susceptible to tumorigenesis or hyperplasia, alters lactational ability, and decreases weight gain in second-generation litters. This chapter reviews the proposed mode of action for mammary tumorigenesis in rodents, results of human studies, and potential modes of action for atrazine effects on the developing mammary gland. C1 [Fenton, Suzanne E.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rayner, Jennifer L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fenton, SE (reprint author), NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM suzanne.fenton@nih.gov NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9895-8 PY 2011 BP 167 EP 183 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9896-5_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9896-5 PG 17 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BWO10 UT WOS:000294369200009 ER PT J AU Mernild, SH Mote, TL Liston, GE AF Mernild, Sebastian H. Mote, Thomas L. Liston, Glen E. TI Greenland ice sheet surface melt extent and trends: 1960-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX SNOW DISTRIBUTIONS; SOUTHEAST GREENLAND; AMMASSALIK ISLAND; GLACIER; SYSTEM; PERSPECTIVE; VELOCITY; RUNOFF; MODEL; FLUX AB Observed meteorological data and a high-resolution (5 km) model were used to simulate Greenland ice sheet surface melt extent and trends before the satellite era (1960-79) and during the satellite era through 2010 degrees. The model output was compared with passive microwave satellite observations of melt extent. For 1960-2010 the average simulated melt extent was 15 +/- 5%. For the period 1960-72, simulated melt extent decreased by an average of 6%, whereas 1973-2010 had an average increase of 13%, with record melt extent in 2010. The trend in simulated melt extent since 1972 indicated that the melt extent in 2010 averaged twice that in the early 1970s. The maximum and mean melt extents for 2010 were 52% (similar to 9.5 x 10(5) km(2)) and 28% (similar to 5.2 x 10(5) km(2)), respectively, due to higher-than-average winter and summer temperatures and lower-than-average winter precipitation. For 2010, the southwest Greenland melt duration was 41-60 days longer than the 1960-2010 average, while the northeast Greenland melt duration was up to 20 days shorter. From 1960 to 1972 the melting period (with a >10% melt extent) decreased by an average of 3 days a(-1). After 1972, the period increased by an average of 2 days a(-1), indicating an extended melting period for the ice sheet of about 70 days: 40 and 30 days in spring and autumn, respectively. C1 [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mote, Thomas L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Liston, Glen E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Mernild, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mernild@lanl.gov FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science; Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); LANL Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics; NASA [NNX08AP34A]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank J.E. Box and two anonymous reviewers for insightful critiques of this paper. This work was supported by grants from the Climate Change Prediction Program and the Scientific Discovery for Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program within the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Director's Fellowship, LANL Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, and NASA grant No. NNX08AP34A. LANL is operated under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We thank the Program for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PRO-MICE; http://www.promice.org), the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, the Danish Meteorological Institute, the University of Utrecht, the Greenland Climate Network, the University of Colorado at Boulder (http://cires.colorado.edu/science/groups/steffen/gcnet/) and the Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, for providing meteorological data for this study. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 23 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 204 BP 621 EP 628 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 822BT UT WOS:000295019400004 ER PT J AU Bernier, JV Barton, NR Lienert, U Miller, MP AF Bernier, J. V. Barton, N. R. Lienert, U. Miller, M. P. TI Far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy: a tool for intergranular orientation and strain analysis SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE HEDM; 3DXRD; polycrystalline materials; strain tensor; stress tensor; synchrotron radiation; x-ray diffraction; computer programs ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SINGLE-GRAIN; STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS; INDIVIDUAL GRAINS; DEFORMATION; RESOLUTION; POWDERS; TENSOR; STATE AB The far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy technique is presented in the context of high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction. For each grain in an illuminated polycrystalline volume, the volume-averaged lattice orientations, lattice strain tensors, and centre-of-mass (COM) coordinates may be determined to a high degree of precision: better than 0.05 degrees, 1 x 10(-4), and 0.1 pixel, respectively. Because the full lattice strain tensors are available, corresponding mean stress tensors may be calculated unambiguously using single-crystal elastic moduli. A novel formulation for orientation indexing and cell refinement is introduced and demonstrated using two examples: first, sequential indexing and lattice refinement of a single-crystal ruby standard with known COM coordinates; and second, indexing and refinement of simulated diffraction data from an aggregate of 819 individual grains using several sample rotation ranges and including the influence of experimental uncertainties. The speed of acquisition and penetration depth achievable with high-energy (that is, >50 keV) x-rays make this technique ideal for studies of strain/stress evolution in situ, as well as for residual stress analysis. C1 [Bernier, J. V.; Barton, N. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lienert, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Miller, M. P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Bernier, JV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bernier2@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-466499)]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) [10-ERD-053]; ONR/DARPA [N00014-05-1-0505] FX We thank Soren Schmidt, Henning Friis Poulsen, Jette Oddershede, Jon Wright, and Donald Boyce for their input and many helpful discussions during the course of this research. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-466499).; Bernier and Barton gratefully acknowledge funding under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD 10-ERD-053). Miller acknowledges funding for this work provided by the ONR/DARPA D 3D programme (Dr Julie Christodoulou programme director) under Grant No. N00014-05-1-0505. NR 48 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 33 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 SI SI BP 527 EP 547 DI 10.1177/0309324711405761 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 822GZ UT WOS:000295033300002 ER PT J AU Liu, DM Nie, ZH Wang, YD Liaw, PK Ren, Y AF Liu, D. M. Nie, Z. H. Wang, Y. D. Liaw, P. K. Ren, Y. TI Magnetic-field-driven reversal phase transition in highly textured and self-accommodated martensites of Ni-Co-Mn-In composite SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE shape memory alloys; lattice strain; synchrotron X-rays; stress-induced martensitic transformation; magnetic-field-induced reverse martensitic transformation ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; STRESS; TRANSFORMATION; POLYMER; SITU; PARTICLES AB In this paper, in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction was employed to trace the phase transition via the change in the lattice strains under multiple (stress and magnetic) fields for a polymer-bonded Ni-Co-Mn-In composite. Under uniaxial compressive deformation, the parent phase in the Ni-Co-Mn-In alloy endured a compressive internal stress along the loading direction and a tensile internal stress in the transverse direction, leading to the formation of a highly textured martensite. This paper is intended to examine the effect of the external magnetic field on the phase transition in two types of martensite, i.e. highly textured martensite and temperature-induced self-accommodated martensite. For the highly textured martensite, a compressive or tensile internal stress can be observed for the parent phase parallel or perpendicular respectively to the preloading direction under an applied magnetic field. This is due to the magnetic-field-induced transformation from the highly textured martensite to the parent phase. For the self-accommodated martensite accompanied by the random distribution of martensitic variants, no obvious internal stresses are generated in the parent phase under an applied magnetic field of up to 6 T. The insight into the stress state of the alloy phase reinforces the in-depth understanding of the role of external fields in affecting the functional performance of the polymer-bonded Ni-Co-Mn-In composite. C1 [Nie, Z. H.; Wang, Y. D.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Liu, D. M.] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Minist Educ, Shenyang, Peoples R China. [Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@bit.edu.cn RI Nie, Zhihua/G-9459-2013; ran, shi/G-9380-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 OI Nie, Zhihua/0000-0002-2533-933X; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50725102, 50971031]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US National Science Foundation [DMR-0909037, MMI-0900271] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 50725102 and 50971031). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. P. K. Liaw greatly appreciates the financial support of the US National Science Foundation (Grants DMR-0909037 and MMI-0900271) with A. Ardell, C. Huber, and C. V. Cooper as program directors. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 SI SI BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1177/0309324711404472 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 822GZ UT WOS:000295033300007 ER PT S AU Diallo, M Brinker, CJ AF Diallo, Mamadou Brinker, C. Jeffrey BA Roco, MC Mirkin, CA Hersam, MC BF Roco, MC Mirkin, CA Hersam, MC TI Nanotechnology for Sustainability: Environment, Water, Food, Minerals, and Climate SO NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS FOR SOCIETAL NEEDS IN 2020: RETROSPECTIVE AND OUTLOOK SE Science Policy Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Nanomaterials; Water filtration; Clean environment; Food and agricultural systems; Minerals; Climate change; Transportation; Biodiversity; Green manufacturing; Geoengineering; International perspective ID ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS; ETHYLENE DIAMINE CORE; CARBON NANOTUBES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; MEMBRANES; DIOXIDE; IRON; DECHLORINATION; NANOCOMPOSITES C1 [Diallo, Mamadou] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diallo, Mamadou] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Energy Environm Water & Sustainabil EEWS, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1002, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Diallo, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Stop 139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Diallo@wag.caltech.edu RI Mirkin, Chad/E-3911-2010 NR 86 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2213-1965 BN 978-94-007-1167-9 J9 SCI POL REP PY 2011 VL 1 BP 221 EP 259 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1168-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1168-6 PG 39 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Biomedical Social Sciences GA BVZ51 UT WOS:000293209300006 ER PT S AU Robinett, RD Wilson, DG AF Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. TI Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design: Utilizing Exergy, Entropy, Static and Dynamic Stability, and Lyapunov Analysis SO NONLINEAR POWER FLOW CONTROL DESIGN: UTILIZING EXERGY, ENTROPY, STATIC AND DYNAMIC STABILITY, AND LYAPUNOV ANALYSIS SE Understanding Complex Systems Springer Complexity LA English DT Article; Book ID LARGE-ANGLE MANEUVERS; ATTITUDE-CONTROL PROBLEM; SLIDING MODE CONTROL; DECENTRALIZED CONTROL; QUATERNION FEEDBACK; DISSIPATIVE SYSTEMS; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; RIGID SPACECRAFT; WIND TURBINES C1 [Robinett, Rush D., III; Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinett, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwilso@sandia.gov NR 162 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-0832 BN 978-0-85729-822-5 J9 UNDERST COMPLEX SYST PY 2011 BP 3 EP 313 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-823-2 PG 311 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWR94 UT WOS:000294695300001 ER PT B AU Inman, JL Mott, JD Bissell, MJ AF Inman, Jamie L. Mott, Joni D. Bissell, Mina J. BE Mueller, MM Fusenig, NE TI The Extracellular Matrix as a Multivalent Signaling Scaffold that Orchestrates Tissue Organization and Function SO TUMOR-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS AND THEIR MATRIX SE Tumor Microenvironment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; FLOATING COLLAGEN MEMBRANES; BREAST-CARCINOMA CELLS; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DYSTROGLYCAN COMPLEX; MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITY C1 [Inman, Jamie L.; Mott, Joni D.; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@lbl.gov NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0658-3 J9 TUMOR MICROENVIRON JI Tumor Microenviron. PY 2011 VL 4 BP 285 EP 300 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0659-0_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0659-0 PG 16 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BWN12 UT WOS:000294271500016 ER PT B AU Echekki, T Kerstein, AR Sutherland, JC AF Echekki, Tarek Kerstein, Alan R. Sutherland, James C. BE Echekki, T Mastorakos, E TI The One-Dimensional-Turbulence Model SO TURBULENT COMBUSTION MODELING: ADVANCES, NEW TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES SE Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; CLOSURE; FORMULATION; EXTINCTION; CONVECTION; REIGNITION; TRANSPORT; FLOWS; ODT AB The one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model represents an efficient and novel multiscale approach to couple the processes of reaction, diffusion and turbulent transport. The principal ingredients of the model include a coupled deterministic solution for reaction and molecular transport and a stochastic prescription for turbulent transport. The model may be implemented as stand-alone for simple turbulent flows and admits various forms for the description of spatially developing and temporally developing flows. It also may be implemented within the context of a coupled multiscale solution using the ODTLES approach. This chapter outlines the model formulation, and applications of ODT using stand-alone solutions and ODTLES. C1 [Echekki, Tarek] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kerstein, Alan R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Sutherland, James C.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Echekki, T (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM techekk@ncsu.edu; arkerst@sandia.gov; James.Sutherland@utah.edu; techekk@ncsu.edu OI Echekki, Tarek/0000-0002-0146-7994; Sutherland, James/0000-0002-2955-3472 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0411-4 J9 FLUID MECH APPL PY 2011 VL 95 BP 249 EP 276 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1_11 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BSY44 UT WOS:000286131200011 ER PT B AU Bell, J Day, M AF Bell, John Day, Marcus BE Echekki, T Mastorakos, E TI Adaptive Methods for Simulation of Turbulent Combustion SO TURBULENT COMBUSTION MODELING: ADVANCES, NEW TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES SE Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; 2ND-ORDER PROJECTION METHOD; MACH NUMBER COMBUSTION; MESH REFINEMENT; APPROXIMATE PROJECTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLAME; CHEMISTRY; UNSTEADY; FLOWS AB Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is an effective approach for simulating fluid flow systems that exhibit a large range of numerical resolution requirements. For example, an AMR simulation could dynamically focus maximum numerical resolution near a propagating flame structure, while simultaneously placing coarser computational zones near relatively large flow structures in the exhaust region downstream of the flame. However, since turbulent reacting flow applications already tend to be significantly complex, an AMR implementation might quickly become prohibitively intricate. In this chapter, we discuss basic AMR algorithm design principles that can be applied in a straightforward way to build up extremely efficient multi-stage solution strategies. As an example, we discuss an adaptive projection scheme for low Mach number flows, which was used to analyze flame-turbulence interactions in a full-scale simulation of a turbulent premixed burner experiment using detailed chemistry and transport models. C1 [Bell, John; Day, Marcus] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbbell@lbl.gov; msday@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0411-4 J9 FLUID MECH APPL PY 2011 VL 95 BP 301 EP 329 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BSY44 UT WOS:000286131200013 ER PT B AU Najm, HN AF Najm, Habib N. BE Echekki, T Mastorakos, E TI Uncertainty Quantification in Fluid Flow SO TURBULENT COMBUSTION MODELING: ADVANCES, NEW TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES SE Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; STOCHASTIC COLLOCATION METHOD; RANDOM INPUT DATA; HIGH-DIMENSIONAL INTEGRATION; FINITE-ELEMENTS FORMULATION; LIMIT-CYCLE OSCILLATIONS; WIENER-HERMITE EXPANSION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS AB This chapter addresses the topic of uncertainty quantification in fluid flow computations. The relevance and utility of this pursuit are discussed, outlining highlights of available methodologies. Particular attention is focused on spectral polynomial chaos methods for uncertainty quantification that have seen significant development over the past two decades. The fundamental structure of these methods is presented, along with associated challenges. We also discuss demonstrations of their use in a number of fluid flow applications covering a range of complexity that is inherent in turbulent combustion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hnnajm@sandia.gov NR 145 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0411-4 J9 FLUID MECH APPL PY 2011 VL 95 BP 381 EP 407 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1_16 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BSY44 UT WOS:000286131200016 ER PT B AU Ray, J Armstrong, R Safta, C Debusschere, BJ Allan, BA Najm, HN AF Ray, J. Armstrong, R. Safta, C. Debusschere, B. J. Allan, B. A. Najm, H. N. BE Echekki, T Mastorakos, E TI Computational Frameworks for Advanced Combustion Simulations SO TURBULENT COMBUSTION MODELING: ADVANCES, NEW TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES SE Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; VIRTUAL TEST FACILITY; OVERLAPPING GRIDS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PROJECTION METHOD; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; REACTING FLOWS; CHEMISTRY; SHOCK AB Computational frameworks can significantly assist in the construction, extension and maintenance of simulation codes. As the nature of problems addressed by computational means has grown in complexity, such frameworks have evolved to incorporate a commensurate degree of sophistication, both in terms of the numerical algorithms that they accommodate as well as the software architectural discipline they impose on their users. In this chapter, we discuss a component framework, the Common Component Architecture (CCA), for developing scientific software, and describe how it has been used to develop a toolkit for simulating reacting flows. In particular, we will discuss why a component architecture was chosen and the philosophy behind the particular software design. Using statistics drawn from the toolkit, we will analyze the code structure and investigate to what degree the aims of the software design were actually realized. We will explore how CCA was employed to design a high-order simulation code On block-structured adaptive meshes, as well as a simulation capacity for adaptive stiffness reduction in detailed chemical models. We conclude the chapter with two reacting flow studies performed using the above-mentioned computational capabilities. C1 [Ray, J.; Armstrong, R.; Safta, C.; Debusschere, B. J.; Allan, B. A.; Najm, H. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ray, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. EM jairay@sandia.gov; rob@sandia.gov; csafta@sandia.gov; bjdebus@sandia.gov; baallan@sandia.gov; hnnajm@sandia.gov NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0411-4 J9 FLUID MECH APPL PY 2011 VL 95 BP 409 EP 437 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1_17 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0412-1 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BSY44 UT WOS:000286131200017 ER PT S AU Zhou, XD Singhal, SC AF Zhou, Xiao-Dong Singhal, Subhash C. BE Bocarsly, A Mingos, DMP TI Structure and Bonding: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SO FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN STORAGE SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Components; Performance; Solid oxide fuel cells; Stability; Structure ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; SR-DOPED LAMNO3; SUBSTITUTED LANTHANUM MANGANITE; CHARGE-TRANSFER RESISTIVITY; CUBIC BISMUTH OXIDES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DEFECT STRUCTURE; CHROMIUM VAPORIZATION; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AB Recent materials development for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been driven by the recognition of simultaneous improvement over the activity (e.g., system performance) and durability (e.g., stability of the performance). Structure and bonding of SOFC components and devices lie at the heart of the viable approaches to achieve these improvements. We will start this paper with a brief illustration of structure and bonding in SOFCs, followed by detailed analysis on the role of local structure and chemical bonding on the electrochemical performance and performance stability of SOFCs. RP Zhou, XD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhox@cec.sc.edu NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0081-5993 BN 978-3-642-21779-1 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2011 VL 141 BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.1007/430_2011_42 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-21780-7 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BWM32 UT WOS:000294232400001 ER PT S AU Sachdeva, S Turner, JA Horan, JL Herring, AM AF Sachdeva, Sonny Turner, John A. Horan, James L. Herring, Andrew M. BE Bocarsly, A Mingos, DMP TI The Use of Heteropoly Acids in Proton Exchange Fuel Cells SO FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN STORAGE SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Fuel cell; Heteropoly acid; Polyoxometalate; Proton exchange membrane; Proton transport ID POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; CONDUCTING COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; POLYETHER-ETHER-KETONE; LACUNARY DAWSON POLYOXOMETALATE; QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HUMIDITY PEFC OPERATION; OXIDE HYBRID MEMBRANES; 12-TUNGSTOPHOSPHORIC ACID; PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID AB In this chapter, we discuss the proton conductivity and use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) in proton exchange fuel cells. We first review the fundamental aspects of proton conduction in the HPAs and then review liquid HPA-based fuel cells. Four types of composite proton exchange membranes containing HPAs have been identified: HPAs imbibed perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, HPAs imbibed hydrocarbon membranes, sol gel-based membranes, and polymer hybrid polyoxometalate (polypom)-based membranes. C1 [Sachdeva, Sonny; Horan, James L.; Herring, Andrew M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Herring, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu OI Sachdeva, Sonny/0000-0002-1239-2684; Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 NR 177 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0081-5993 BN 978-3-642-21779-1 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2011 VL 141 BP 115 EP 168 DI 10.1007/430_2011_45 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-21780-7 PG 54 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BWM32 UT WOS:000294232400004 ER PT S AU Wozniak, JM Brenner, P Chatterjee, S Thain, D Striegel, A Izaguirre, J AF Wozniak, Justin M. Brenner, Paul Chatterjee, Santanu Thain, Douglas Striegel, Aaron Izaguirre, Jesus BE Preve, NP TI GEMS: User Control for Cooperative Scientific Repositories SO GRID COMPUTING: TOWARDS A GLOBAL INTERCONNECTED INFRASTRUCTURE SE Computer Communications and Networks Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STORAGE C1 [Wozniak, Justin M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Brenner, Paul; Chatterjee, Santanu; Thain, Douglas; Striegel, Aaron; Izaguirre, Jesus] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wozniak, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM woznlak@mcs.anl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7975 BN 978-0-85729-675-7 J9 COMPUT COMMUN NETW S PY 2011 BP 57 EP 87 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-676-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-676-4 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BWG83 UT WOS:000293861400003 ER PT S AU Bingham, P Santos-Villalobos, H Tobin, K AF Bingham, Philip Santos-Villalobos, Hector Tobin, Ken BE Fofi, D Bingham, PR TI Coded source neutron imaging SO IMAGE PROCESSING: MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Machine Vision Applications IV CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Neutron radiography; Coded source ID APERTURE; RADIOGRAPHY; INSPECTION; RESOLUTION; ARRAYS; RAY AB Coded aperture techniques have been applied to neutron radiography to address limitations in neutron flux and resolution of neutron detectors in a system labeled coded source imaging (CSI). By coding the neutron source, a magnified imaging system is designed with small spot size aperture holes (10 and 100 mu m) for improved resolution beyond the detector limits and with many holes in the aperture (50% open) to account for flux losses due to the small pinhole size. An introduction to neutron radiography and coded aperture imaging is presented. A system design is developed for a CSI system with a development of equations for limitations on the system based on the coded image requirements and the neutron source characteristics of size and divergence. Simulation has been applied to the design using McStas to provide qualitative measures of performance with simulations of pinhole array objects followed by a quantitative measure through simulation of a tilted edge and calculation of the modulation transfer function (MTF) from the line spread function. MTF results for both 100 mu m and 10 mu m aperture hole diameters show resolutions matching the hole diameters. C1 [Bingham, Philip; Santos-Villalobos, Hector; Tobin, Ken] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bingham, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Bingham, Philip/0000-0003-4616-6084 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8414-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7877 AR 78770M DI 10.1117/12.876812 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWT19 UT WOS:000294775200018 ER PT S AU Paquit, VC Gleason, SS Kalluri, UC AF Paquit, Vincent C. Gleason, Shaun S. Kalluri, Udaya C. BE Fofi, D Bingham, PR TI Monitoring plant growth using high resolution micro-CT images SO IMAGE PROCESSING: MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Machine Vision Applications IV CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE plant imaging; computed tomography; x-ray micro-CT; CT reconstruction; 3D segmentation; 3D modeling AB A multidisciplinary research conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory aims at understanding the molecular controls of partitioning, transport and fate of carbon fixed by photosynthesis in plants and its correlation with other measured plant system properties. Ultimately, we intend to develop a modeling framework to assess, correlate and predict as to which spatiotemporal changes in system dynamics are key to predicting emergent properties of system. Within this research, this paper relates to the quantitative morphological imaging of the main structures forming a plant (stem, roots, and leaves), their internal sub-structures, and changes occurring overtime. C1 [Paquit, Vincent C.; Gleason, Shaun S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paquit, VC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paquitvc@ornl.gov RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013 OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8414-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7877 AR 78770W DI 10.1117/12.876719 PG 8 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWT19 UT WOS:000294775200024 ER PT S AU Paquit, VC Wendel, MW Felde, DK Riemer, BW AF Paquit, Vincent C. Wendel, Mark W. Felde, David K. Riemer, Bernie W. BE Fofi, D Bingham, PR TI Quantitative measurement by artificial vision of small bubbles in flowing mercury SO IMAGE PROCESSING: MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Machine Vision Applications IV CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE bubbles; mercury flow; machine vision; image processing; particle tracking; quantitative measurement AB At the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), an accelerator-based neutron source located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee, USA), the production of neutrons is obtained by accelerating protons against a mercury target. This self-cooling target, however, suffers rapid heat deposition by the beam pulse leading to large pressure changes and thus to cavitations that may be damaging to the container. In order to locally compensate for pressure increases, a small-bubble population is added to the mercury flow using gas bubblers. The geometry of the bubblers being unknown, we are testing several bubblers' configurations and are using machine vision techniques to characterize their efficiency by quantitative measurement of the created bubble population. In this paper we thoroughly detail the experimental setup and the image processing techniques used to quantitatively assess the bubble population. To support this approach we are comparing our preliminary results for different bubblers and operating modes, and discuss potential improvements. C1 [Paquit, Vincent C.; Wendel, Mark W.; Felde, David K.; Riemer, Bernie W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paquit, VC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paquitvc@ornl.gov RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013; OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598; Riemer, Bernard/0000-0002-6922-3056 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8414-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7877 AR 78770L DI 10.1117/12.872515 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWT19 UT WOS:000294775200017 ER PT S AU Porter, R Ruggiero, C Hush, D Harvey, N Kelly, P Scoggins, W Tandon, L AF Porter, Reid Ruggiero, Christy Hush, Don Harvey, Neal Kelly, Patrick Scoggins, Wayne Tandon, Lav BE Fofi, D Bingham, PR TI Interactive Image Quantification Tools in Nuclear Material Forensics SO IMAGE PROCESSING: MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Machine Vision Applications IV CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE image quantification; segmentation; interactive machine learning; nuclear material forensics AB Morphological and microstructural features visible in microscopy images of nuclear materials can give information about the processing history of a nuclear material. Extraction of these attributes currently requires a subject matter expert in both microscopy and nuclear material production processes, and is a time consuming, and at least partially manual task, often involving multiple software applications. One of the primary goals of computer vision is to find ways to extract and encode domain knowledge associated with imagery so that parts of this process can be automated. In this paper we describe a user-in-the-loop approach to the problem which attempts to both improve the efficiency of domain experts during image quantification as well as capture their domain knowledge over time. This is accomplished through a sophisticated user-monitoring system that accumulates user-computer interactions as users exploit their imagery. We provide a detailed discussion of the interactive feature extraction and segmentation tools we have developed and describe our initial results in exploiting the recorded user-computer interactions to improve user productivity over time. C1 [Porter, Reid; Ruggiero, Christy; Hush, Don; Harvey, Neal; Kelly, Patrick; Scoggins, Wayne; Tandon, Lav] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Porter, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rporter@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8414-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7877 AR 787708 DI 10.1117/12.877319 PG 9 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWT19 UT WOS:000294775200007 ER PT S AU Hsu, AY AF Hsu, Alan Y. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Drift-insensitive dim-target detection using differential correlation SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE focal plane array; dim target detection; correlation AB We investigate a dim-target-detection approach for pixellated focal-plane-arrays based on differential correlation detection. The change in the temporal correlation of the output signals between an illuminated pixel and a dark reference pixel is measured in real time over some number of samples and may enable more sensitive detection of dim targets whose signal amplitudes are on the order of the noise levels of the sensor. If successful, target detection may be possible with target signal-to-noise-ratios of less than 1 under practical conditions where dark drift may occur. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hsu, AY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-588-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8014 AR 80140D DI 10.1117/12.883210 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU66 UT WOS:000294903800011 ER PT J AU Dupuy, JL Linn, RR Konovalov, V Pimont, F Vega, JA Jimenez, E AF Dupuy, J. -L. Linn, R. R. Konovalov, V. Pimont, F. Vega, J. A. Jimenez, E. TI Exploring three-dimensional coupled fire-atmosphere interactions downwind of wind-driven surface fires and their influence on backfires using the HIGRAD-FIRETEC model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE backfire; indraft; suppression fire ID CANOPY; FLOWS; FUEL AB The obstruction of ambient winds and the possible existence of indrafts downwind of a wildfire are aspects of coupled fire-atmosphere interaction influencing the effectiveness of a backfiring operation. The fire-influenced winds behind a headfire as well as their influences on backfire spread are explored using the three-dimensional HIGRAD-FIRETEC model. Fires are simulated under weak to strong wind speeds and in shrubland and grassland fuel types. The importance of three-dimensionality in the simulation of such phenomena is demonstrated. Results suggest that when fire-atmosphere interaction is constrained to two-dimensions, the limitations of air moving through the head fire could lead to overestimation of downwind indrafts and effectiveness of backfiring. Three-dimensional simulations in surface fuels suggest that backfires benefit from the obstruction of ambient winds and potentially the existence of an indraft flow in only a limited range of environmental conditions. Simulations show that flows are most favourable when the wildfire is driven downslope by a weak wind and the backfire is ignited at bottom of the slope. Model simulations are compared with backfiring experiments conducted in a dense shrubland. Although this exercise encountered significant difficulties linked to the ambient winds data and their incorporation into the simulation, predictions and observations are in reasonable agreement. C1 [Dupuy, J. -L.; Konovalov, V.; Pimont, F.] INRA, UR Ecol Forets Mediterraneennes Site Agroparc 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Linn, R. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Konovalov, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Continuum Media Mech, RU-614013 Perm, Russia. [Vega, J. A.; Jimenez, E.] Ctr Invest Forestal Lourizan, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain. RP Dupuy, JL (reprint author), INRA, UR Ecol Forets Mediterraneennes Site Agroparc 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. EM dupuy@avignon.inra.fr FU European Commission [FP6018505] FX The work presented in this paper was partly supported by the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Program through the Integrated Project FIRE PARADOX (contract number FP6018505, 2006-2010). Computations were run on a LANL (US Department of Energy) super-computer (Coyote) as provided by the LANL institutional computing program. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2011 VL 20 IS 6 BP 734 EP 750 DI 10.1071/WF10035 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 821EJ UT WOS:000294957400002 ER PT S AU Bernacki, BE Kelly, JF Sheen, DM McMakin, DL Tedeschi, JR Hall, TE Hatchell, BK Valdez, PLJ AF Bernacki, B. E. Kelly, J. F. Sheen, D. M. McMakin, D. L. Tedeschi, J. R. Hall, T. E. Hatchell, B. K. Valdez, P. L. J. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Phenomenology Studies Using a Scanning Fully Polarimetric Passive W-Band Millimeter Wave Imager SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XIV CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE passive millimeter wave imaging; passive millimeter wave polarimetry; polarimetric multivariate image analysis AB We present experimental results obtained from a scanning passive W-band fully polarimetric imager. Passive millimeter wave imaging offers persistent day/nighttime imaging and the ability to penetrate dust, clouds and other obscurants, as well as thin layers of clothing and even dry soil. The selection of the W-band atmospheric window at 94 GHz offers a compromise as there is sufficient angular resolution for imaging applications using modestly-sized reflectors appropriate for mobile as well as fixed location applications. The imager is based upon an F/2.1 off-axis parabolic reflector that exhibits -34 dB of cross polarization suppression. The heterodyne radiometer produces a 6 GHz IF with 4 GHz of bandwidth resulting in an NEDT of < 200 mK. Polarimetric imaging reveals the presence of man-made objects due to their typically anisotropic nature and the interaction of these objects with incident millimeter wave radiation. The phenomenology studies were undertaken to determine the richest polarimetric signals to use for exploitation. In addition to a conventional approach to polarimetric image analysis in which the Stokes I, Q, U, and V images were formed and displayed, we present an alternative method for polarimetric image exploitation based upon multivariate image analysis (MIA). MIA uses principal component analysis (PCA) and 2D scatter or score plots to identify various pixel classes in the image compared with the more conventional scene-based image analysis approaches. Multivariate image decomposition provides a window into the complementary interplay between spatial and statistical correlations contained in the data. C1 [Bernacki, B. E.; Kelly, J. F.; Sheen, D. M.; McMakin, D. L.; Tedeschi, J. R.; Hall, T. E.; Hatchell, B. K.; Valdez, P. L. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bernacki, BE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.bernacki@pnnl.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-596-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8022 AR 80220C DI 10.1117/12.883545 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU68 UT WOS:000294908500011 ER PT S AU Fernandes, JL Rappaport, CM Sheen, DM AF Fernandes, Justin L. Rappaport, Carey M. Sheen, David M. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Improved reconstruction and sensing techniques for personnel screening in three-dimensional cylindrical millimeter-wave portal scanning SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XIV CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Millimeter Waves; imaging; SAR; personnel screening; concealed-weapon detection AB The cylindrical millimeter-wave imaging technique, developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and commercialized by L-3 Communications/Safeview in the ProVision system, is currently being deployed in airports and other high-security locations to meet person-borne weapon and explosive detection requirements. While this system is efficient and effective in its current form, there are a number of areas in which the detection performance may be improved through the use of other reconstruction algorithms and sensing configurations. PNNL and Northeastern University (NEU) have teamed together to investigate higher-order imaging artifacts produced by the current cylindrical millimeter-wave imaging technique using full-wave forward modeling and laboratory experimentation. Based on imaging results and scattered-field visualizations using the full-wave forward model, a new imaging system is proposed. The new system combines a multistatic sensor configuration with the generalized synthetic aperture focusing technique (GSAFT) [1]. Initial results show an improved ability to image in areas of the body where target shading, specular reflections, and higher-order reflections occur. C1 [Fernandes, Justin L.; Sheen, David M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fernandes, JL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.fernandes@pnl.gov RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-596-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8022 AR 802205 DI 10.1117/12.887612 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU68 UT WOS:000294908500004 ER PT S AU Gopalsami, N Elmer, TW Liao, S Ahern, R Heifetz, A Raptis, AC Luessi, M Babacan, D Katsaggelos, AK AF Gopalsami, N. Elmer, T. W. Liao, S. Ahern, R. Heifetz, A. Raptis, A. C. Luessi, M. Babacan, D. Katsaggelos, A. K. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Compressive sampling in passive millimeter-wave imaging SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XIV CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Passive; millimeter wave; compressive sensing; Hadamard transform AB We present a Hadamard transform based imaging technique and have implemented it on a single-pixel passive millimeter-wave imager in the 146-154 GHz range. The imaging arrangement uses a set of Hadamard transform masks of size p x q at the image plane of a lens and the transformed image signals are focused and collected by a horn antenna of the imager. The cyclic nature of Hadamard matrix allows the use of a single extended 2-D Hadamard mask of size (2p-1) x (2q-1) to expose a p x q submask for each acquisition by raster scanning the large mask one pixel at a time. A total of N = pq acquisitions can be made with a complete scan. The original p x q image may be reconstructed by a simple matrix operation. Instead of full N acquisitions, we can use a subset of the masks for compressive sensing. In this regard, we have developed a relaxation technique that recovers the full Hadamard measurement space from sub-sampled Hadamard acquisitions. We have reconstructed high fidelity images with 1/9 of the full Hadamard acquisitions, thus reducing the image acquisition time by a factor of 9. C1 [Gopalsami, N.; Elmer, T. W.; Liao, S.; Ahern, R.; Heifetz, A.; Raptis, A. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gopalsami@anl.gov RI Katsaggelos, Aggelos/I-8002-2012; OI Elmer, Thomas/0000-0003-0363-5928 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-596-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8022 AR 80220I DI 10.1117/12.886998 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU68 UT WOS:000294908500016 ER PT S AU Sheen, DM Hall, TE AF Sheen, David M. Hall, Thomas E. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Calibration, reconstruction, and rendering of cylindrical millimeter-wave image data SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XIV CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Millimeter waves; imaging; personnel surveillance; personnel screening; concealed-weapon detection ID CONCEALED WEAPON DETECTION AB Cylindrical millimeter-wave imaging systems and technology have been under development at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for several years. This technology has been commercialized, and systems are currently being deployed widely across the United States and internationally. These systems are effective at screening for concealed items of all types; however, new sensor designs, image reconstruction techniques, and image rendering algorithms could potentially improve performance. At PNNL, a number of specific techniques have been developed recently to improve cylindrical imaging methods including wideband techniques, combining data from full 360-degree scans, polarimetric imaging techniques, calibration methods, and 3-D data visualization techniques. Many of these techniques exploit the three-dimensionality of the cylindrical imaging technique by optimizing the depth resolution of the system and using this information to enhance detection. Other techniques, such as polarimetric methods, exploit scattering physics of the millimeter-wave interaction with concealed targets on the body. In this paper, calibration, reconstruction, and three-dimensional rendering techniques will be described that optimize the depth information in these images and the display of the images to the operator. C1 [Sheen, David M.; Hall, Thomas E.] US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Mem Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sheen, DM (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Mem Inst, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.sheen@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-596-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8022 AR 80220H DI 10.1117/12.887922 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU68 UT WOS:000294908500015 ER PT S AU Bickel, DL AF Bickel, Douglas L. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Clutter locus equation for more general linear array orientation SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XV CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Clutter locus; space-time adaptive processing; array orientation AB The clutter locus is an important concept in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar systems. The clutter locus defines the expected ground clutter location in the angle-Doppler domain. Typically in literature, the clutter locus is presented as a line, or even a set of ellipsoids, under certain assumptions about the geometry of the array. Most often, the array is assumed to be in the horizontal plane containing the velocity vector. This paper will give a more general 3-dimensional interpretation of the clutter locus for a general linear array orientation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bickel, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-595-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8021 AR 80210Y DI 10.1117/12.884528 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWU65 UT WOS:000294903500025 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW AF Doerry, A. W. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Some comments on GMTI false alarm rate SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XV CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE GMTI; false alarm; detection; CFAR AB A typical Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) radar specification includes the parameters Probability of Detection (P-D) - typically on the order of 0.85, and False Alarm Rate (FAR) - typically on the order of 0.1 Hz. The PD is normally associated with a particular target 'size', such as Radar Cross Section (RCS) with perhaps some statistical description (e.g. Swerling number). However, the concept of FAR is embodied at a fundamental level in the detection process, which traditionally employs a Constant-FAR (CFAR) detector to set thresholds for initial decisions on whether a target is present or not. While useful, such a metric for radar specification and system comparison is not without some serious shortcomings. In particular, when comparing FAR across various radar systems, some degree of normalization needs to occur to account for perhaps swath width and scan rates. This in turn suggests some useful testing strategies. C1 [Doerry, A. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-595-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8021 AR 80211P DI 10.1117/12.883097 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWU65 UT WOS:000294903500047 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW AF Doerry, A. W. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Optimal antenna beamwidth for stripmap SAR SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XV CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; antenna; stripmap AB The classical rule-of-thumb for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is that a uniformly illuminated antenna aperture may allow continuous stripmap imaging to a resolution of half its azimuth dimension. This is applied to classical line-by-line processing as well as mosaicked image patches, that is, a stripmap formed from mosaicked spotlight images; often the more efficient technique often used in real-time systems. However, as with all rules-of-thumb, a close inspection reveals some flaws. In particular, with mosaicked patches there is significant Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) degradation at the edges of the patches due to antenna beam roll-off. We present in this paper a calculation for the optimum antenna beamwidth as a function of resolution that maximizes SNR at patch edges. This leads to a wider desired beamwidth than the classical calculation. C1 [Doerry, A. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-595-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8021 AR 80211Q DI 10.1117/12.883098 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWU65 UT WOS:000294903500048 ER PT S AU Raynal, AM Bickel, DL Denton, MM Bow, WJ Doerry, AW AF Raynal, Ann Marie Bickel, Douglas L. Denton, Michael M. Bow, Wallace J. Doerry, Armin W. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Radar Cross Section Statistics of Ground Vehicles at Ku-band SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XV CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE RCS; radar cross section; RCS distribution; RCS statistics; GMTI; vehicle RCS; vehicle radar cross section ID VARIABILITY; SIGNATURES; TARGETS AB Knowing the statistical characteristics of a target's radar cross-section (RCS) is crucial to the success of radar target detection algorithms. Open literature studies regarding the statistical nature of the RCS of ground vehicles focus primarily on simulations, scale model chamber measurements, or limited experimental data analysis of specific vehicles at certain frequencies. This paper seeks to expand the existing body of work on ground vehicle RCS statistics at Ku-band for ground moving target indication (GMTI) applications. We examine the RCS probability distributions of civilian and military vehicles, across aspect and elevation angle, for HH and VV polarizations, and at diverse resolutions, using experimental data collected at Ku-band. We further fit Swerling target models to the distributions and suggest appropriate detection thresholds for ground vehicles in this band. C1 [Raynal, Ann Marie; Bickel, Douglas L.; Denton, Michael M.; Bow, Wallace J.; Doerry, Armin W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Raynal, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM amrayna@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-595-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8021 AR 80210E DI 10.1117/12.882875 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWU65 UT WOS:000294903500010 ER PT S AU Raynal, AM Burns, BL Verge, TJ Bickel, DL Dunkel, R Doerry, AW AF Raynal, Ann Marie Burns, Bryan L. Verge, Tobias J. Bickel, Douglas L. Dunkel, Ralf Doerry, Armin W. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Radar Cross Section Statistics of Dismounts at Ku-band SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XV CY APR 25-27, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE RCS; radar cross section; RCS distribution; RCS statistics; GMTI; DMTI; dismount RCS; human RCS AB Knowing the statistical characteristics of a target's radar cross-section (RCS) is crucial to the success of radar target detection algorithms. A wide range of applications currently exist for dismount (i.e. human body) detection and monitoring using ground-moving target indication (GMTI) radar systems. Dismounts are particularly challenging to detect. Their RCS is orders of magnitude lower than traditional GMTI targets, such as vehicles. Their velocity of about 0 to 1.5 m/s is also much slower than vehicular targets. Studies regarding the statistical nature of the RCS of dismounts focus primarily on simulations or very limited empirical data at specific frequencies. This paper seeks to enhance the existing body of work on dismount RCS statistics at Ku-band, which is currently lacking, and has become an important band for such remote sensing applications. We examine the RCS probability distributions of different sized humans in various stances, across aspect and elevation angle, for horizontal (HH) and vertical (VV) transmit/receive polarizations, and at diverse resolutions, using experimental data collected at Ku-band. We further fit Swerling target models to the RCS distributions and suggest appropriate detection thresholds for dismounts in this band. C1 [Raynal, Ann Marie; Burns, Bryan L.; Bickel, Douglas L.; Doerry, Armin W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Raynal, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM amrayna@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-595-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8021 AR 80210D DI 10.1117/12.882873 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWU65 UT WOS:000294903500009 ER PT S AU Beaver, JM Steed, CA Patton, RM Cui, XH Schultz, M AF Beaver, Justin M. Steed, Chad A. Patton, Robert M. Cui, Xiaohui Schultz, Matthew BE Carapezza, EM TI Visualization Techniques for Computer Network Defense SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense X CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE cyber defense; visualization; visual analytics; knowledge discovery AB Effective visual analysis of computer network defense (CND) information is challenging due to the volume and complexity of both the raw and analyzed network data. A typical CND is comprised of multiple niche intrusion detection tools, each of which performs network data analysis and produces a unique alerting output. The state-of-the-practice in the situational awareness of CND data is the prevalent use of custom-developed scripts by Information Technology (IT) professionals to retrieve, organize, and understand potential threat events. We propose a new visual analytics framework, called the Oak Ridge Cyber Analytics (ORCA) system, for CND data that allows an operator to interact with all detection tool outputs simultaneously. Aggregated alert events are presented in multiple coordinated views with timeline, cluster, and swarm model analysis displays. These displays are complemented with both supervised and semi-supervised machine learning classifiers. The intent of the visual analytics framework is to improve CND situational awareness, to enable an analyst to quickly navigate and analyze thousands of detected events, and to combine sophisticated data analysis techniques with interactive visualization such that patterns of anomalous activities may be more easily identified and investigated. C1 [Beaver, Justin M.; Steed, Chad A.; Patton, Robert M.; Cui, Xiaohui] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beaver, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beaverjm@ornl.go; steedca@ornl.gov; pattonrm@ornl.gov; cuix@ornl.gov; mschultz3@liberty.edu OI Beaver, Justin/0000-0002-0281-6017; Patton, Robert/0000-0002-8101-0571; Steed, Chad/0000-0002-3501-909X NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-593-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8019 AR 801906 DI 10.1117/12.883487 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS81 UT WOS:000294757600002 ER PT S AU Moody, NA Boulaevskii, LN Pavlenko, V AF Moody, Nathan A. Boulaevskii, Lev N. Pavlenko, Vitaly BE Anwar, AFM Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Optimized THz emission from intrinsic Josephson junctions SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS V: ADVANCE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems V - Advance Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE THz source; Josephson junction; IJJ; THz emission; BSCCO ID SECURITY APPLICATIONS; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RADIATION; SEARCH; ARRAYS AB Nearly every wavelength from dc to x-rays significantly benefits today's society with a notable exception: the THz or sub-millimeter band. Applications in this range are widespread, penetrating fields ranging from national security to medicine, but remain largely under-utilized due to the difficulty of creating, manipulating, and detecting this type of radiation. Our research focus is THz source development using superconductive Josephson junctions to potentially address the lack of compact, efficient, and tunable source of continuous THz radiation. We review relevant applications for such a source and report an optimized design of a miniature THz emitter using single crystal intrinsic Josephson junctions. C1 [Moody, Nathan A.; Boulaevskii, Lev N.; Pavlenko, Vitaly] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moody, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmoody@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-597-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8023 AR 80230J DI 10.1117/12.883242 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BWU64 UT WOS:000294901700015 ER PT J AU Lumetta, GJ Nash, KL AF Lumetta, Gregg J. Nash, Kenneth L. BE Nash, KL Lumetta, GJ TI Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment Preface SO ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lumetta, Gregg J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nash, Kenneth L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregg.lumetta@pnl.gov; knash@wsu.edu; knash@wsu.edu; gregg.lumetta@pnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-501-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 2 BP XVIII EP XX D2 10.1533/9780857092274 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR45 UT WOS:000292545300001 ER PT J AU Bryan, SA Levitskaia, TG Casella, AJ Peterson, JM Johnsen, AM Lines, AM Thomas, EM AF Bryan, S. A. Levitskaia, T. G. Casella, A. J. Peterson, J. M. Johnsen, A. M. Lines, A. M. Thomas, E. M. BE Nash, KL Lumetta, GJ TI Spectroscopic on-line monitoring for process control and safeguarding of radiochemical streams in nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities SO ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE spectroscopic process monitoring; Raman; vis-NIR; uranium; plutonium; neptunium; nitric acid; nitrate; nuclear fuel reprocessing ID CATION-CATION COMPLEXES; NITRIC-ACID; PLUTONIUM(IV) NITRATE; PENTAVALENT ACTINIDES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BUTYL PHOSPHATE; NORMAL-DODECANE; PUREX PROCESS; URANIUM(VI) AB Separation processes for highly radioactive and chemically complex spent nuclear fuel require advanced safe technologies and process models based on large databases. Availability of advanced methodologies for on-line control and safeguarding of aqueous reprocessing flowsheets will accelerate implementation of the closed nuclear fuel cycle. This report reviews application of the absorption and vibrational spectroscopic techniques supplemented by physicochemical measurements for radiochemical process monitoring. In this context, our team experimentally assessed potential of Raman and spectrophotometric techniques for on-line real-time monitoring of the U(VI)/nitrate ion/nitric acid and Pu(IV)/Np(V)/Nd(III), respectively, in the solutions relevant to spent fuel reprocessing. Both techniques demonstrated robust performance in the repetitive batch measurements of each analyte in the wide concentration range using simulant and commercial dissolved spent fuel solutions. Static spectroscopic measurements served as training sets for the multivariate data analysis to obtain partial least squares predictive models, which were validated during on-line centrifugal contactor extraction tests. Achieved satisfactory prediction of the analytes concentrations in these preliminary experimentation warrants further development of the spectroscopy-based methods for radiochemical process control and safeguarding. C1 [Bryan, S. A.; Levitskaia, T. G.; Casella, A. J.; Peterson, J. M.; Johnsen, A. M.; Lines, A. M.; Thomas, E. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bryan, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Sam.Bryan@pnl.gov; Tatiana.Levitskaia@pnl.gov RI Bryan, Samuel/D-5457-2015 OI Bryan, Samuel/0000-0001-5664-3249 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-501-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 2 BP 95 EP 119 D2 10.1533/9780857092274 PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR45 UT WOS:000292545300005 ER PT S AU Goff, KM Fredrickson, GL Vaden, DE AF Goff, K. M. Fredrickson, G. L. Vaden, D. E. BE Nash, KL Lumetta, GJ TI Safeguards technology for radioactive materials processing and nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities SO ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE safeguards; proliferation; International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); nuclear materials; material accountancy; nuclear material containment and surveillance extrinsic measures; intrinsic measures; nuclear fuel cycle; diversion; spent fuel treatment AB The safeguarding of nuclear materials is a critical technical and political aspect of nuclear fuel reprocessing. Simply defined, nuclear safeguards are measures used to verify that civil nuclear materials are properly accounted for and are not diverted to undeclared uses. The goals of international nuclear safeguards are to detect proliferation and diversion of nuclear material from the civilian nuclear fuel cycle and to provide notification of potential diversion to the international community in a timely fashion so that the consequences of the diversion can be reduced. Although safeguards technologies and processes have advanced considerably over the last 60 years, they remain a significant focal point for concerns and discussions with respect to deployment of recycle technologies for used fuel. C1 [Goff, K. M.; Fredrickson, G. L.; Vaden, D. E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Goff, KM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM mike.goff@inl.gov; Guy.Fredrickson@inl.gov; DeeEarl.Vaden@inl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-9364 BN 978-1-84569-501-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 2 BP 120 EP 137 D2 10.1533/9780857092274 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR45 UT WOS:000292545300006 ER PT J AU Herbst, RS Baron, P Nilsson, M AF Herbst, R. S. Baron, P. Nilsson, M. BE Nash, KL Lumetta, GJ TI Standard and advanced separation: PUREX processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing SO ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE PUREX; tributyl phosphate; uranium separation; plutonium separation; solvent extraction; nuclear separations; nuclear fuel cycle ID SIMPLE HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID; PLUTONIUM(IV) IONS; NITRIC-ACID; REDUCTION; COMPLEXATION; FLOWSHEETS; TECHNETIUM; NEPTUNIUM; OXIDATION AB The PUREX process for separating uranium and plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuels has been extensively studied and successfully operated industrially over the preceding five plus decades. It is anticipated that PUREX will play an important role in upcoming and advanced future nuclear fuel cycles. The first objective of this chapter is to provide the background information required to status the present state of the art as currently practiced at the industrial scale. The second objective is to examine the modifications ready, or nearly so, for implementation into the next generation of PUREX reprocessing facilities, thereby further expanding the utility and operation of the process for use in nuclear fuel cycles of the future. C1 [Herbst, R. S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Baron, P.] CEA, Paris, France. [Nilsson, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Herbst, RS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM R.Herbst@inl.gov; baron.pascal@cea.fr; nilssonm@uci.edu NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-501-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 2 BP 141 EP 175 D2 10.1533/9780857092274 PG 35 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR45 UT WOS:000292545300007 ER PT J AU Regalbuto, MC AF Regalbuto, M. C. BE Nash, KL Lumetta, GJ TI Alternative separation and extraction: UREX+ processes for actinide and targeted fission product recovery SO ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE LWR recycle; UREX; GNEP; AMUSE; FPEX; NPEX; TALSPEAK; TRUEX; CCD-PEG AB The separations strategy for the UREX+ type processes is based on an optimization approach for which key objectives for a closed or partially closed fuel cycle are pre-determined. The overall process is composed of a sequence of separation steps or modules linked to generate a desired set of outputs, whether products or intermediates. Processing options are shown for the case of LWR recycle, where incentives exist to separate and recycle the actinides, and separate and manage fission products. The UREX+ approach was successfully tested for the recycle of LWR SNF for a number of different product and waste forms configurations and the results from these tests are given. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Regalbuto, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM regalbuto@anl.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-501-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 2 BP 176 EP 200 D2 10.1533/9780857092274 PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR45 UT WOS:000292545300008 ER PT J AU Collins, ED Del Cul, GD Moyer, BA AF Collins, E. D. Del Cul, G. D. Moyer, B. A. BE Nash, KL Lumetta, GJ TI Advanced reprocessing for fission product separation and extraction SO ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE separation/extraction techniques; voloxidation; transition metal behavior; lanthanide recovery; cesium-strontium isolation ID NUCLEAR-WASTE SOLUTIONS; SIDE SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; ACIDIC NITRATE MEDIA; SAVANNA RIVER SITE; CROWN-ETHERS; TANK WASTE; MONOSODIUM TITANATE; 1,3-ALTERNATE CONFORMATION; ACTINIDE SEPARATIONS; CESIUM NITRATE AB The United States inventory of used nuclear fuels contains approximately 2 to 5 wt % fission products, depending on the extent of fuel burnup during irradiation, with the greater amounts produced in higher burnup fuels. For reprocessing of used nuclear fuels, fission products are more often divided into categories according to their chemical and radiological properties. Advanced reprocessing includes further separations processes to enable capture and disposal of the volatile fission product elements in improved solid waste forms, as well as additional separations processes being developed (1) to enable recovery and recycle of the remaining minor transuranium element actinides, neptunium, americium, and curium, and (2) to segregate the lanthanide fission products and the intermediate-lived heat-generating radionuclides, Cs-137/Ba-137m and Sr-90/Y-90. C1 [Collins, E. D.; Del Cul, G. D.; Moyer, B. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Moyer, B. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Collins, ED (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM collinsed@ornl.gov NR 104 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-501-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 2 BP 201 EP 228 D2 10.1533/9780857092274 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR45 UT WOS:000292545300009 ER PT J AU Tranter, TJ AF Tranter, T. J. BE Nash, KL Lumetta, GJ TI Solid-phase extraction technology for actinide and lanthanide separations in nuclear fuel reprocessing SO ADVANCED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE TREATMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE solid-phase extraction; extraction chromatography; solvent-impregnated resins; actinide separation; lanthanide separation; nuclear fuel reprocessing; radioactive waste treatment ID SOLVENT-IMPREGNATED RESINS; INORGANIC MICROSPHERE COMPOSITE; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE MANAGEMENT; PARTICLE DIFFUSION KINETICS; MASS-TRANSFER-COEFFICIENT; HIGHLY-ACTIVE LIQUID; TRIVALENT ACTINIDES; NITRIC-ACID; PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MACROPOROUS RESINS AB Solid-phase extraction has become a subject of increased interest for separation applications specific to radioisotopes of the nuclear fuel cycle. The objective of this chapter is to discuss recent advances in the technology with a focus on the separations of minor actinides and lanthanides from streams associated with nuclear fuel reprocessing. The discussion covers various techniques for making solid-phase extraction resins, recent applications, separation flow sheets, column modeling and the potential advantages and disadvantages of the technology. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Tranter, TJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 100 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-501-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 2 BP 377 EP 413 D2 10.1533/9780857092274 PG 37 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR45 UT WOS:000292545300014 ER PT S AU D'Souza, SW Dhaka, RS Rai, A Maniraj, M Nayak, J Singh, S Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Chakrabarti, A Barman, SR AF D'Souza, S. W. Dhaka, R. S. Rai, Abhishek Maniraj, M. Nayak, J. Singh, Sanjay Schlagel, D. L. Lograsso, T. A. Chakrabarti, Aparna Barman, S. R. BE Chernenko, VA TI Surface study of Ni2MnGa(100) SO ADVANCES IN MAGNETIC SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ferromagnetic shape memory alloy; martensite transition; surface; low energy electron diffraction; photoelectron spectroscopy ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; NI-MN-GA; FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORE-LEVEL; PHOTOEMISSION; NI2+XMN1-XGA; TRANSITION AB The (100) surface of Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy exhibits intrinsic surface property dissimilar to the bulk as well as influence of compositional variation at the surface. It is shown that by sputtering at room temperature and annealing at high temperature, it is possible to obtain a clean, ordered and stoichiometric surface. However, for even higher annealing temperatures, the surface becomes Mn rich. The (100) surface of Ni2MnGa is found to have Mn-Ga termination. A surface reconstruction to p4gm symmetry is observed in the austenite phase, while the expected bulk truncated symmetry at surface is p4mm. For the stoichiometric surface, the XPS valence band is compared with our calculations based on first principles density functional theory and good agreement is obtained. The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) valence band spectra depend sensitively on composition varying from Ni rich to Mn rich surfaces. A satellite feature observed in both Ni(2)p core-level and valence band spectra is related to the narrow 3d valence band in Ni2MnGa. C1 [D'Souza, S. W.; Dhaka, R. S.; Rai, Abhishek; Maniraj, M.; Nayak, J.; Singh, Sanjay; Barman, S. R.] UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Surface Phys Lab, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India. [Schlagel, D. L.; Lograsso, T. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chakrabarti, Aparna] Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India. RP D'Souza, SW (reprint author), UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Surface Phys Lab, Khandwa Rd, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India. EM sunilwilfred@gmail.com; rsdhaka@ameslab.gov; abhishek_ri@rediffmail.com; maniraj@csr.ernet.in; jayitanayak@gmail.com; sanju8419@gmail.com; schlagel@iastate.edu; lograsso@ameslab.gov; aparna@rrcat.gov.in; barmansr@gmail.com RI Dhaka, Rajendra/C-2486-2013; Roy Barman, Sudipta/B-2026-2010 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2011 VL 684 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.684.215 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVN35 UT WOS:000291956800015 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP Anderson, CN Baclea-an, LM Denham, P George, S Goldberg, KA Jones, G McClinton, B Miyakawa, R Rekawa, S Smith, N AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Anderson, Christopher N. Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae Denham, Paul George, Simi Goldberg, Kenneth A. Jones, Gideon McClinton, Brittany Miyakawa, Ryan Rekawa, Seno Smith, Nate BE Allen, RD Somervell, MH TI Critical challenges for EUV resist materials SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXVIII CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; photoresist; nanolithography ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; MASK-ROUGHNESS; PHOTORESISTS AB Although Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is now well into the commercialization phase, critical challenges remain in the development of EUV resist materials. The major issue for the 22-nm half-pitch node remains simultaneously meeting resolution, line-edge roughness (LER), and sensitivity requirements. Although several materials have met the resolution requirements, LER and sensitivity remain a challenge. As we move beyond the 22-nm node, however, even resolution remains a significant challenge. Chemically amplified resists have yet to demonstrate the required resolution at any speed or LER for 16-nm half pitch and below. Going to non-chemically amplified resists, however, 16-nm resolution has been achieved with a LER of 2 nm but a sensitivity of only 70 mJ/cm(2). C1 [Naulleau, Patrick P.; Anderson, Christopher N.; Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae; Denham, Paul; George, Simi; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Jones, Gideon; Rekawa, Seno; Smith, Nate] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-531-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7972 AR 797202 DI 10.1117/12.882955 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWM06 UT WOS:000294216900001 ER PT J AU Yoon, H Woo, JH Ra, YM Yoon, SS Kim, HY Ahn, S Yun, JH Gwak, J Yoon, K James, SC AF Yoon, Hyun Woo, Ji Hoon Ra, Young Min Yoon, Sam S. Kim, Ho Young Ahn, Sejin Yun, Jae Ho Gwak, Jihye Yoon, KyungHoon James, Scott C. TI Electrostatic Spray Deposition of Copper-Indium Thin Films SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUINS2 FILMS; SCALING LAWS; SOLAR-CELLS; MU-M; PYROLYSIS; GENERATION; ELECTROSPRAY; ATOMIZATION; DIAMETER; DROPLETS AB Electrostatic spray deposition is an innovative coating technique that produces fine, uniform, self-dispersive (due to Coulombic repulsion), and highly wettable, atomized droplets. Copper-indium salts are dissolved in an alcohol-based solvent; this precursor is then electrostatically sprayed onto a moderately heated, molybdenum-coated substrate. Precursor flowrates range from 0.02 to 5 mL/h under applied voltages of 1-18 kV, yielding droplet sizes around a few hundred nanometers. Comparing scanning electron microscope images of the coated samples showed that the substrate temperature, applied voltage, and precursor flowrate were the primary parameters controlling coating quality. Also, the most stable electrostatic spray mode that reliably produced uniform and fine droplets was the cone-jet mode with a Taylor cone issuing from the nozzle. C1 [Yoon, Hyun; Woo, Ji Hoon; Ra, Young Min; Yoon, Sam S.; Kim, Ho Young] Korea Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Ahn, Sejin; Yun, Jae Ho; Gwak, Jihye; Yoon, KyungHoon] Korea Inst Energy Res, Photovolta Res Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. [James, Scott C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM skyoon@korea.ac.kr OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 FU Research Center of Break-through Technology Program through the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Ministry of Knowledge Economy [2009-3021010030-11-1]; Korea Research Council Industrial Science and Technology [B551179-08-03-00]; Center for Inorganic Photovoltaic Materials [NRF-2011-0007182]; Korean government (MEST) FX This research was supported by the Research Center of Break-through Technology Program through the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (2009-3021010030-11-1) and by the Korea Research Council Industrial Science and Technology (B551179-08-03-00).; This work was partly supported by the Center for Inorganic Photovoltaic Materials (NRF-2011-0007182) funded by the Korean government (MEST). NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1448 EP 1455 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.597277 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816MS UT WOS:000294606000005 ER PT J AU Sovacool, BK Khuong, VM AF Sovacool, Benjamin K. Vu Minh Khuong BE Jarvis, DSL Welch, A TI Energy Security and Competition in Asia: Challenges and Prospects for China and Southeast Asia SO ASEAN INDUSTRIES AND THE CHALLENGE FROM CHINA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sovacool, Benjamin K.; Vu Minh Khuong] Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore, Singapore. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Virginia Tech, Consortium Energy Restructuring, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Virginia Ctr Coal & Energy Res, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, New York, NY USA. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sovacool, BK (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore, Singapore. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23030-905-0 PY 2011 BP 210 EP 229 D2 10.1057/9780230309050 PG 20 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BVC84 UT WOS:000291096000007 ER PT S AU Gray, GA Fowler, KR AF Gray, Genetha Anne Fowler, Kathleen R. BE Koziel, S Yang, XS TI Traditional and Hybrid Derivative-Free Optimization Approaches for Black Box Functions SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION, METHODS AND ALGORITHMS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINEARLY CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; MEDICAL IMAGE REGISTRATION; PARALLEL PATTERN SEARCH; GENERATING SET SEARCH; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; CONVERGENCE; DESIGN; METAHEURISTICS; SURROGATE AB Picking a suitable optimization solver for any optimization problem is quite challenging and has been the subject of many studies and much debate. This is due in part to each solver having its own inherent strengths and weaknesses. For example, one approach may be global but have slow local convergence properties, while another may have fast local convergence but is unable to globally search the entire feasible region. In order to take advantage of the benefits of more than one solver and to overcome any shortcomings, two or more methods may be combined, forming a hybrid. Hybrid optimization is a popular approach in the combinatorial optimization community, where metaheuristics (such as genetic algorithms, tabu search, ant colony, variable neighborhood search, etc.) are combined to improve robustness and blend the distinct strengths of different approaches. More recently, metaheuristics have been combined with deterministic methods to form hybrids that simultaneously perform global and local searches. In this Chapter, we will examine the hybridization of derivative-free methods to address black box, simulation-based optimization problems. In these applications, the optimization is guided solely by function values (i.e. not by derivative information), and the function values require the output of a computational model. Specifically, we will focus on improving derivative-free sampling methods through hybridization. We will review derivative-free optimization methods, discuss possible hybrids, describe intelligent hybrid approaches that properly utilize both methods, and give an examples of the successful application of hybrid optimization to a problem from the hydrological sciences. C1 [Gray, Genetha Anne] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Quantitat Modeling & Anal, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Fowler, Kathleen R.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Gray, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Quantitat Modeling & Anal, POB 969,MS 9159, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gagray@sandia.gov; kfowler@clarkson.edu NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-642-20858-4 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2011 VL 356 BP 125 EP 151 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-20859-1 PG 27 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BVW56 UT WOS:000292989700007 ER PT S AU Mascarenas, D Macknelly, D Mullins, J Wiest, H Park, G Farrar, C AF Mascarenas, David Macknelly, David Mullins, Josh Wiest, Heather Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles BE Kundu, T TI Characterization of Satellite Assembly for Responsive Space Applications SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2011 CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE responsive space; satellite; wave propagation; CubeSat AB The rapid deployment of satellites is hindered by the need to flight-qualify their components and the resulting mechanical assembly. Conventional methods for qualification testing of satellite components are costly and time consuming. Furthermore, full-scale vehicles must be subjected to launch loads during testing. The focus of this research effort was to assess the performance of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques to replace the high-cost qualification procedure and to localize faults introduced by improper assembly. SHM techniques were applied on a small-scale structure representative of a responsive satellite. The test structure consisted of an extruded aluminum space-frame covered with aluminum shear plates, which was assembled using bolted joints. Multiple piezoelectric patches were bonded to the test structure and acted as combined actuators and sensors. Piezoelectric Active-sensing based wave propagation and frequency response function techniques were used in conjunction with finite element modeling to capture the dynamic properties of the test structure. Areas improperly assembled were identified and localized. This effort primarily focused on determining whether or not bolted joints on the structure were properly tightened. C1 [Mascarenas, David; Park, Gyuhae; Farrar, Charles] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mascarenas, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-546-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7984 AR 79842I DI 10.1117/12.881984 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWQ88 UT WOS:000294550700071 ER PT S AU Meyer, RM Cumblidge, S Ramuhalli, P Watson, B Doctor, SR Bond, LJ AF Meyer, R. M. Cumblidge, S. Ramuhalli, P. Watson, B. Doctor, S. R. Bond, L. J. BE Kundu, T TI Acoustic Emission and Guided Wave Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Growth on a Full Pipe Specimen SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2011 CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Acoustic emission; guided ultrasonic waves; on-line monitoring; nuclear power plants ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL AB Continuous on-line monitoring of active and passive systems, structures and components in nuclear power plants will be critical to extending the lifetimes of nuclear power plants in the US beyond 60 years. Acoustic emission and guided ultrasonic waves are two tools for continuously monitoring passive systems, structures and components within nuclear power plants and are the focus of this study. These tools are used to monitor fatigue damage induced in a SA 312 TP304 stainless steel pipe specimen. The results of acoustic emission monitoring indicate that crack propagation signals were not directly detected. However, acoustic emission monitoring revealed crack formation prior to visual confirmation through the detection of signals caused by crack closure friction. The results of guided ultrasonic wave monitoring indicate that this technology is sensitive to the presence and size of cracks. The sensitivity and complexity of guided ultrasonic wave (GUW) signals is observed to vary with respect to signal frequency and path traveled by the GUW relative to the crack orientation. C1 [Meyer, R. M.; Cumblidge, S.; Ramuhalli, P.; Watson, B.; Doctor, S. R.; Bond, L. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Meyer, RM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Ryan.meyer@pnl.gov OI Ramuhalli, Pradeep/0000-0001-6372-1743 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-546-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7984 AR 798424 DI 10.1117/12.881795 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWQ88 UT WOS:000294550700061 ER PT S AU Porter, RB Hush, D Zimmer, GB AF Porter, Reid B. Hush, Don Zimmer, G. Beate BE Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI Error Minimizing Algorithms for Nearest Neighbor Classifiers SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing: Algorithms and Systems IX CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE Stack Filters; Classification; Nearest Neighbor ID CLASSIFICATION AB Stack Filters define a large class of discrete nonlinear filter first introduced in image and signal processing for noise removal. In recent years we have suggested their application to classification problems, and investigated their relationship to other types of discrete classifiers such as Decision Trees. In this paper we focus on a continuous domain version of Stack Filter Classifiers which we call Ordered Hypothesis Machines (OHM), and investigate their relationship to Nearest Neighbor classifiers. We show that OHM classifiers provide a novel framework in which to train Nearest Neighbor type classifiers by minimizing empirical error based loss functions. We use the framework to investigate a new cost sensitive loss function that allows us to train a Nearest Neighbor type classifier for low false alarm rate applications. We report results on both synthetic data and real-world image data. C1 [Porter, Reid B.; Hush, Don] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Porter, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rporter@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8407-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7870 AR 787005 DI 10.1117/12.877299 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWE03 UT WOS:000293696700003 ER PT J AU Connors, JM Jenkins, EW Rebholz, LG AF Connors, Jeffrey M. Jenkins, Eleanor W. Rebholz, Leo G. TI Small-scale divergence penalization for incompressible flow problems via time relaxation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE mass conservation; time relaxation; finite-element method; approximate deconvolution; Navier-Stokes equations; Oldroyd-B model ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; LERAY-DECONVOLUTION MODEL; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; VISCOELASTIC FLOW; PARA-VERSION; ACCURACY; TURBULENCE; SCHEME AB We study continuous Galerkin finite-element methods for incompressible fluid flow simulation, equipped with the time relaxation of velocity divergence. We show that this (consistent) time relaxation term penalizes small-scale fluctuations in the divergence and present efficient algorithms for its use where the filtering and deconvolution steps are decoupled from the momentum-mass system. Several numerical experiments are provided that demonstrate that more accurate solutions with improved mass conservation are obtained by addition of the time relaxation term to some commonly employed finite-element methods, both for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. C1 [Jenkins, Eleanor W.; Rebholz, Leo G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Connors, Jeffrey M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rebholz, LG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM rebholz@clemson.edu FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-465054]; Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-465054.; This article has been authored by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC under Contact No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7160 EI 1029-0265 J9 INT J COMPUT MATH JI Int. J. Comput. Math. PY 2011 VL 88 IS 15 BP 3202 EP 3216 DI 10.1080/00207160.2011.581752 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 816ME UT WOS:000294604100007 ER PT J AU Zigler, BT Keros, PE Helleberg, KB Fatouraie, M Assanis, D Wooldridge, MS AF Zigler, B. T. Keros, P. E. Helleberg, K. B. Fatouraie, M. Assanis, D. Wooldridge, M. S. TI An experimental investigation of the sensitivity of the ignition and combustion properties of a single-cylinder research engine to spark-assisted HCCI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spark-assist; homogeneous charge; compression ignition; high-speed imaging; optically-accessible engine ID COMPRESSION IGNITION; DIRECT-INJECTION; VARIABILITY AB Spark-assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion may be a method to improve the operation of HCCI engines. In the current study, the impact of spark assist on the fundamental properties of ignition and combustion was investigated in a single cylinder, optically-accessible research engine. Early port fuel injection and air preheating were used with indolene fuel in the study. The effects of a range of air preheat (T(in) = 256-281 degrees C), fuel/air equivalence ratio (phi = 0.38-0.62) and spark assist timing (10 degrees-90 degrees before top dead centre) conditions on maximum in-cylinder pressure and timing, cycle variability, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and heat release rate were investigated. Additionally, high-speed imaging was used to capture the piston-view ignition and combustion events during spark-assisted and unassisted HCCI operation. Methods were developed and applied to the imaging sequences to quantify the physical characteristics (e. g. location of autoignition sites) and the rate of propagation of the reaction fronts formed during spark-assisted and unassisted HCCI operation. The imaging data show that autoignition sites appear with increasing frequency as air preheat temperature is increased. The addition of spark assist led to the formation of reaction fronts at all conditions that propagated outward from the spark electrode at average speeds between 1.9 and 4.3 m/s. The imaging data indicate the effects of spark assist are due to compression heating of the unburned gases by the propagating reaction fronts which also leads to more consistent location of autoignition. Comparison of the imaging and engine data show the initial formation of the reaction fronts are not significant sources of heat release. While the engine data show that spark assist can affect phasing, heat release rate, IMEP and engine stability at the marginal HCCI operating conditions studied, the results also indicate spark assist has a narrow temperature range where the changes will be significant compared to the effects of the inherent thermal stratification of the HCCI fuel/air charge. C1 [Zigler, B. T.; Keros, P. E.; Helleberg, K. B.; Fatouraie, M.; Assanis, D.; Wooldridge, M. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zigler, B. T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wooldridge, MS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mswool@umich.edu OI Fatouraie, Mohammad/0000-0003-2755-1913; Assanis, Dimitris/0000-0001-5506-806X FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0457224] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CBET-0457224). NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 353 EP 375 DI 10.1177/1468087411401286 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 819PS UT WOS:000294840300003 ER PT J AU Idicheria, CA Pickett, LM AF Idicheria, C. A. Pickett, L. M. TI Ignition, soot formation, and end-of-combustion transients in diesel combustion under high-EGR conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diesel spray; soot formation; unburned hydrocarbons; EGR; ignition delay ID JETS AB The ignition, soot formation, and end of combustion transients of n-heptane and #2 diesel jets were investigated in an optically accessible constant-volume combustion vessel under high exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) environments. A wide range of EGR levels were simulated by systematically decreasing the ambient oxygen concentration from 21 to 8 per cent, while holding other experimental conditions constant. Characteristics of the effect of EGR on the ignition transient include: development of a cool flame early after injection for all EGR levels, an increase in the premixed-burn (high-temperature combustion) ignition delay inversely proportional to ambient oxygen concentration, ([O(2)](-1)), and lower apparent heat-release rates during the premixed-burn with increasing EGR. The timing of soot formation is strongly dependent upon EGR, and the time between ignition and the first soot formation increases with decreasing ambient oxygen concentration. Soot-forming fuel jets are shown to become soot-free at high-EGR conditions by reducing the injection duration to be less than the soot formation time, but longer than the ignition delay time (negative ignition dwell). While past studies show success in reducing soot formation when the injection duration is less than the ignition delay (positive ignition dwell), this result shows that high EGR can suppress soot formation even with negative ignition dwell, thereby permitting higher-load operation by using longer injection durations. At the end of injection, increasing EGR presents difficulties in completing combustion because of the lower ambient oxygen concentration. Despite eventually reaching the same pressure rise (i.e., combustion efficiency) more time is required for the higher EGR conditions to mix fuel with sufficient oxygen to complete combustion. C1 [Idicheria, C. A.; Pickett, L. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Engine Combust Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pickett, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Engine Combust Dept, 7011 E Ave,MSN 9053, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM LMPicke@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Support for this research was provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies. The research was performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 376 EP 392 DI 10.1177/1468087411399505 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 819PS UT WOS:000294840300004 ER PT J AU Fry, A Adams, B Paschedag, A Kazalski, P Carney, C Oryshchyn, D Woodside, R Gerdemann, S Ochs, T AF Fry, Andrew Adams, Brad Paschedag, Alan Kazalski, Paul Carney, Casey Oryshchyn, Danylo Woodside, Rigel Gerdemann, Steve Ochs, Thomas TI Principles for retrofitting coal burners for oxy-combustion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Oxy-coal combustion; Burner; Firing system AB Experiments were performed in a 1.5 MW pilot-scale furnace to investigate the differences between air- and oxy-fired flame behavior from a pulverized coal oxy-research burner designed for flexible operating conditions. The flame behavior was characterized by recording video images of the flames and by measuring radiation intensity along the flame length. Various strategies relating air- and oxy-fired operation of the burner primary register were investigated where the oxy-fired burner primary mass, momentum and velocity were matched to the air-fired conditions. Matching either burner primary mass or momentum under oxy-fired conditions with air-fired conditions resulted in a flame stabilized within the quart. Matching primary velocity with air-fired conditions resulted in a detached flame indicating a delay in flame ignition for the oxyfired conditions. A decrease in primary velocity of 13% was necessary in order to stabilize a flame within the quart similar to the air-fired case. Additional experiments also showed a flame could be stabilized with no oxygen enrichment of the primary (similar to 3 vol.%, dry O(2) in the primary). Experiments where oxygen was injected at the burner face indicated injection at the boundary of the primary and secondary flow paths strongly attach a flame and injection at the coal rich primary flow path increased the radiative intensity of the flame. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fry, Andrew; Adams, Brad] React Engn Int, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. [Paschedag, Alan; Kazalski, Paul] Siemens Environm Syst & Serv, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA. [Carney, Casey; Oryshchyn, Danylo; Woodside, Rigel; Gerdemann, Steve; Ochs, Thomas] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Fry, A (reprint author), React Engn Int, 77 West,200 South,Suite 210, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. EM fry@reaction-eng.com FU Department of Energy [DE-NT0005288]; agency of the United States Government FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-NT0005288. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PY 2011 VL 5 SU 1 BP S151 EP S158 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.05.004 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 817TZ UT WOS:000294700800018 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Geier, M Molina, A Shaddix, CR AF Liu, Yinhe Geier, Manfred Molina, Alejandro Shaddix, Christopher R. TI Pulverized coal stream ignition delay under conventional and oxy-fuel combustion conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Ignition; Pulverized coal; Coal combustion; Group combustion; Oxy-fuel combustion ID PARTICLES; DEVOLATILIZATION; DIOXIDE; FLAMES; CLOUD; AIR AB The coal stream ignition process is critical to the performance of modern pulverized coal burners, particularly when operating under novel conditions such as experienced in oxy-fuel combustion. However, experimental studies of coal stream ignition are lacking, and recent modeling efforts have had to rely on comparisons with a single set of experiments in vitiated air. To begin to address this shortfall, we have conducted experiments on the ignition properties of two U.S. and two Chinese coals in a laminar entrained flow reactor. Most of the measurements focused on varying the coal feed rate for furnace temperatures of 1230-1320 K and for 12-20 vol.% O-2 in nitrogen. The influence of coal feed rate on ignition with a carbon dioxide diluent was also measured for 20 vol.% O-2 at 1280K. A second set of measurements was performed for ignition of a fixed coal feed rate in N-2 and CO2 environments at identical furnace temperatures of 1200 K, 1340 K, and 1670 K. A scientific CCD camera equipped with a 431 nm imaging filter was used to interrogate the ignition process. Under most conditions, the ignition delay decreased with increasing coal feed rate until a minimum was reached at a feed rate corresponding to a particle number density of approximately 4 x 10(9) m(-3) in the coal feed pipe. This ignition minimum corresponds to a cold flow group number. G, of similar to 0.3. At higher coal feed rates the ignition delay increased. The ignition delay time was shown to be very sensitive to (a) the temperature of the hot coflow into which the coal stream is introduced, and (b) the coal particle size. The three high volatile bituminous coals showed nearly identical ignition delay as a function of coal feed rate, whereas the subbituminous coal showed slightly greater apparent ignition delay. Bath gas CO2 content was found to have a minor impact on ignition delay. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yinhe; Geier, Manfred; Molina, Alejandro; Shaddix, Christopher R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Liu, Yinhe] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Molina, Alejandro] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Mines, Medellin, Colombia. RP Shaddix, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9052,7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crshadd@sandia.gov RI Liu, Yinhe/N-8423-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the National Energy Technology Laboratory; China Scholarship Council; Natural Science Fund of China [50806058]; DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the National Energy Technology Laboratory's Power Systems Advanced Research Program, managed by Dr. Robert Romanosky. Support for Y. Liu's visit at Sandia was mainly provided by China Scholarship Council and partly by the Natural Science Fund of China (50806058). Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 EI 1878-0148 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PY 2011 VL 5 SU 1 BP S36 EP S46 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.05.028 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 817TZ UT WOS:000294700800007 ER PT J AU Zhang, SL Li, T Huang, JY Shenoy, V AF Zhang, Sulin Li, Teng Huang, Jianyu Shenoy, Vivek TI Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhang, Sulin] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Li, Teng] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huang, Jianyu] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shenoy, Vivek] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Zhang, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM suz10@psu.edu RI Li, Teng/B-1585-2008; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Zhang, Sulin /E-6457-2010 OI Li, Teng/0000-0001-6252-561X; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2011 AR 518189 DI 10.1155/2011/518189 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 816XM UT WOS:000294635400001 ER PT J AU Elezovic, NR Babic, BM Radmilovic, V Gajic-Krstajic, LM Krstajic, NV Vracar, LM AF Elezovic, Nevenka R. Babic, Biljana M. Radmilovic, Velimir Gajic-Krstajic, Ljiljana M. Krstajic, Nedeljko V. Vracar, Ljiljana M. TI A novel platinum-based nanocatalyst at a niobia-doped titania support for the hydrogen oxidation reaction SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE niobia-doped titania support; Pt nanocatalyst; hydrogen oxidation reaction; fuel cell ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTRODES; KINETICS; EBONEX(R); TIO2 AB The kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) was studied at Pt nanoparticles supported on niobia-doped titania (Pt/N-T). The catalyst support, with the composition of 0.05NbO(2.5-delta)-0.995TiO(2) (0 < delta < 1), was synthesized by a modified sol gel procedure and characterized by the BET and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The specific surface area of the support was found to be 70 m(2) g(-1). The XRD analysis revealed the presence of the anatase TiO(2) phase in the support powder. No peaks indicating the existence of Nb-compounds were detected. Pt/N-T nanocatalyst was synthesized by the borohydride reduction method. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a quite homogenous distribution of the Pt nanoparticles over the support, with a mean particle size of about 3 nm. The electrochemical active surface area of Pt of 42 +/- 14 m(2) g(-1) was determined by the cyclic voltammetry technique. The kinetics of the HOR was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry at a rotating disc electrode in 0.5 mol dm(-3) HClO(4) solution. The determined value of the Tafel slope of 35 mV dec(-1) and an exchange current density of 0.45 mA cm(-2) per real surface area of the Pt are in good accordance with those already reported in the literature for the HOR at polycrystalline Pt and Pt nanocatalysts in acid solutions. This new catalyst exhibited better activity for the HOR in comparison with Pt nanocatalyst supported on Vulcan (R) XC-72R high area carbon. C1 [Elezovic, Nevenka R.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Multidisciplinary Res, Belgrade 11030, Serbia. [Babic, Biljana M.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Radmilovic, Velimir] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gajic-Krstajic, Ljiljana M.] Inst Tech Sci SASA, Belgrade, Serbia. [Krstajic, Nedeljko V.; Vracar, Ljiljana M.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Elezovic, NR (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Inst Multidisciplinary Res, Kneza Viseslava 1, Belgrade 11030, Serbia. EM nelezovic@tmf.bg.ac.rs RI Gajic-Krstajic, Ljiljana/F-9983-2010 OI Gajic-Krstajic, Ljiljana/0000-0001-8996-7477 FU Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [172054]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are indebted to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia for the financial support under Contract No. 172054. Velimir Radmilovic acknowledges support by the United States Department of Energy under Contract #DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, 11 120 BELGRADE, SERBIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1139 EP 1152 DI 10.2298/JSC100823100E PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 818IU UT WOS:000294746200008 ER PT B AU Sinha, PK Mukherjee, PP AF Sinha, Puneet K. Mukherjee, Partha P. BE Chakraborty, S TI Modeling of Two-Phase Transport Phenomena in Porous Media: Pore-Scale Approach SO MECHANICS OVER MICRO AND NANO SCALES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Porous medium; Two-phase flow; Microstructure; Pore-scale modeling; Lattice Boltzmann; Pore network; Fuel cells; Liquid water; Gas diffusion layer; Capillary fingering; Drying; Capillary pressure; Relative permeability ID GAS-DIFFUSION LAYERS; ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; LATTICE-BOLTZMANN MODEL; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FRONT-TRACKING METHOD; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; NETWORK MODEL; COLD START; MULTIPHASE FLOW AB Fundamentals of two-phase transport in a porous medium with emphasis on pore-scale physics are discussed. Lattice Boltzmann modeling and pore network modeling techniques are reviewed and are deployed to study two-phase flow in the engineered porous materials used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). Computation of fluid distribution, capillary pressure, and relative permeability is discussed. Porous material microstructure PEFC performance relation is showcased, highlighting the potential of deploying pore-scale modeling to the advancement of fundamental two-phase transport understanding and PEFC porous material development. Additionally, the need for further advancement of pore-scale models is highlighted. C1 [Mukherjee, Partha P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sinha, Puneet K.] Gen Motors Global R&D, Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Honeoye Falls, NY USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM puneet.sinha@gm.com; mukherjeepp@ornl.gov NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9600-8 PY 2011 BP 95 EP 150 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9601-5_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9601-5 PG 56 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mechanics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mechanics GA BVP24 UT WOS:000292170700003 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, PP Kang, QJ AF Mukherjee, Partha P. Kang, Qinjun BE Chakraborty, S TI Electrodics in Electrochemical Energy Conversion Systems: A Mesoscopic Formalism SO MECHANICS OVER MICRO AND NANO SCALES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Electrochemical energy conversion; Fuel cell; Electrode; Transport phenomena; Microstructure; Electrochemical reaction; Species; Charge; Two-phase; Mesoscopic modeling; Stochastic microstructure reconstruction; Direct numerical simulation; Lattice Boltzmann model; Microstructure optimization ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM-LOADING ELECTRODES; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LATTICE BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; SERIAL SECTION DATA; POROUS-MEDIA; CATALYST LAYER; IMMISCIBLE DROPLET; MODEL AB In recent years, amidst a global thrust toward clean energy research, electrochemical energy conversion systems, i.e., fuel cells, have received significant attention. Among the different types of fuel cells, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is being considered as the primary candidate for variety of applications. In the PEFC, the electrode is a key component where the electrochemical reaction occurs. The electrode is the host to multi-scale, coupled physicochemical interactions including charge, liquid/vapor/gas transport inside a porous microstructure, which affect the overall cell performance. In this chapter, a mesoscopic modeling framework is presented in order to elucidate the intricate microstructure-transport-performance interplay inherent in the PEFC electrode. C1 [Mukherjee, Partha P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kang, Qinjun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mukherjeepp@ornl.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9600-8 PY 2011 BP 217 EP 258 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9601-5_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9601-5 PG 42 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mechanics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mechanics GA BVP24 UT WOS:000292170700007 ER PT S AU Pan, YS Whitaker, R AF Pan, Yongsheng Whitaker, Ross BE Pelc, NJ Samei, E Nishikawa, RM TI Iterative Helical Cone-Beam CT Reconstruction Using Graphics Hardware: A Simulation Study SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2011: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Imaging 2011 - Physics of Medical Imaging CY FEB 13-17, 2011 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Dynasil Corp/RMD Res, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, DQE Instruments, Inc, Ocean Thin Films, Inc, Univ Cent Florida, CREOL - Coll Opt & Photon, VIDA Diagnost, Inc, SPIE DE Helical cone-beam CT; iterative reconstruction; SART; GPU ID TOMOGRAPHY; ALGORITHM AB This paper presents a simulation study on iterative reconstruction methods for helical cone-beam CT using graphics hardware. While analytic methods have been proposed to achieve an exact reconstruction for helical cone-beam CT, these methods may not perform well for projection noise and imaging geometry variations, especially for spiral variations. Iterative methods such as SART are advantageous in this aspect. Since SART is computationally intense, graphics hardware (GPU) may be utilized to handle the computations and increase the efficiency of SART. GPU SART reconstruction results are presented for spiral cone-beam CT, and these results are compared with the Katsevich reconstructions in presence of projection noise and spiral variations. The comparison shows that SART is accurate, efficient, and more robust to projection noise and spiral variations than the Katsevich method. C1 [Pan, Yongsheng] Argonne Natl Lab, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Whitaker, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, 72 S Cent Campus Dr,3750 WEB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM whitaker@cs.utah.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8503-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7961 AR 79612N DI 10.1117/12.877201 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BWL08 UT WOS:000294178500087 ER PT S AU Pan, YS Whitaker, R AF Pan, Yongsheng Whitaker, Ross BE Pelc, NJ Samei, E Nishikawa, RM TI Iterative CT Reconstruction Integrating SART and Conjugate Gradient SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2011: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Imaging 2011 - Physics of Medical Imaging CY FEB 13-17, 2011 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Dynasil Corp/RMD Res, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, DQE Instruments, Inc, Ocean Thin Films, Inc, Univ Cent Florida, CREOL - Coll Opt & Photon, VIDA Diagnost, Inc, SPIE DE CT reconstruction; SART; CG; GPU AB Iterative CT reconstruction methods have advantages over analytical reconstruction methods because of their robustness to both noise and incomplete projection data, which have great potential for dose reduction in real applications. The SART algorithm, which is one of the well-established iterative reconstruction methods, has been examined extensively, and GPU has been applied to improve their efficiency. Although it has been proved that SART may globally converge, its convergence is very slow, especially after the first several iterations. Hundreds of iterations may be needed for accurate reconstruction. This slow convergence requires heavy data transfer between global memory and texture memory inside GPU. Therefore, preconditioned conjugate gradient (CG) method, which converges much faster than SART, may be combined with SART for better performance. Since CG is sensitive to initialization, the reconstruction results from SART after a few iterations may be used as the initialization for CG. Preliminary experimental results on CPU show that this framework converges much faster than SART and CG, which demonstrates its potential in real applications. C1 [Pan, Yongsheng] Argonne Natl Lab, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Whitaker, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, 72 S Cent Campus Dr,3750 WEB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM whitaker@cs.utah.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8503-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7961 AR 79612M DI 10.1117/12.877297 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BWL08 UT WOS:000294178500086 ER PT S AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, Henry P. TI Mindful Universe: Quantum Mechanics and the Participating Observer, Second Edition SO MINDFUL UNIVERSE: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE PARTICIPATING OBSERVER, SECOND EDITION SE Frontiers Collection LA English DT Article; Book ID BRAIN INTERACTION; HIDDEN-VARIABLES; PHYSICAL REALITY; THEOREM; CONSCIOUSNESS; PSYCHOLOGY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 94 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1612-3018 BN 978-3-642-18075-0 J9 FRONT COLLECT PY 2011 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-18076-7 PG 193 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BVV85 UT WOS:000292907300001 ER PT B AU Akis, R Gilbert, M Speyer, G Cummings, A Ferry, D AF Akis, Richard Gilbert, Matthew Speyer, Gil Cummings, Aron Ferry, David BE Vasileska, D Goodnick, SM TI Simulating Transport in Nanodevices Using the Usuki Method SO NANO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES: SEMICLASSICAL AND QUANTUM TRANSPORT MODELING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Nanostructures; Quantum dots; Quantum wires; Molecular electronics; MOSFETs; Spin-Hall Effect ID OPEN QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; POINT-CONTACT; MATRIX-METHOD; CONDUCTANCE; SYSTEMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB To calculate the conductance of mesoscopic structures such as quantum wires and dots at low temperature and bias, one typically employs the Landauer Buttiker formalism, which relates quantum mechanical transmission probability to conductance. In this chapter, we discuss a numerically stable method to solve this transmission problem, the Usuki method, which is closely related to both the scattering matrix approach and recursive Green's functions. It has a major advantage over the latter in that the electron density can be obtained far more efficiently. Various applications of this approach are presented: transport through open quantum clots, the study of spin filtering effects in quantum wire structures, computing the conductance of molecules and the application of the method to study MOSFETS. The extensions to the basic method required for each case are also discussed, the most extensive of which are required for the MOSFET problem, where inelastic scattering effects play a crucial role. C1 [Akis, Richard; Ferry, David] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gilbert, Matthew] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Speyer, Gil] Arizona State Univ, High Performance Comp Initiat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Cummings, Aron] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Akis, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM richard.akis@asu.edu; matthewg@illinois.edu; speyer@asu.edu; aron.cummings@gmail.com; dkferry@asu.edu OI Akis, Richard/0000-0002-4366-1891 NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-8839-3 PY 2011 BP 359 EP 403 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8840-9_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-8840-9 PG 45 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVU54 UT WOS:000292790900006 ER PT J AU Hattar, K AF Hattar, K. BE Whang, SH TI Deformation structures including twins in nanograined pure metals SO NANOSTRUCTURED METALS AND ALLOYS: PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE deformation structures; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); deformation mechanisms ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HALL-PETCH RELATION; ALTERNATIVE PHYSICAL EXPLANATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE FCC METALS; STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; ALUMINUM THIN-FILMS; GRAIN-GROWTH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CUBIC METALS AB This chapter discusses deformation structures observed in nanograined metals and the proposed formation mechanisms associated with each defect structure. This review is limited to experimental observations in pure metals and predominately to transmission electron microscopy studies due to the length scale of interest. The defect structures that have been observed and will be discussed include: perfect and partial dislocation structures, twins, dislocation loops, disclinations, and other unexpected defect structures. Several of these defects are not observed or are not present at equivalent densities in coarse-grained metals, suggesting the activation of alternative deformation mechanisms. These effects will be highlighted by a few key experiments. Theory and modeling will be used to aid the interpretation of the experimental results, particularly in cases in which time-resolved results at the appropriate spatial resolution are not available. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hattar, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM khattar@sandia.gov NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-670-2 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2011 BP 213 EP 242 D2 10.1533/9780857091123 PG 30 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVR71 UT WOS:000292593500009 ER PT J AU Ozgokmen, TM Poje, AC Fischer, PF Haza, AC AF Oezgoekmen, Tamay M. Poje, Andrew C. Fischer, Paul F. Haza, Angelique C. TI Large eddy simulations of mixed layer instabilities and sampling strategies SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Submesoscale; Lagrangian sampling; Tracers ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT MODEL; AVAILABLE POTENTIAL-ENERGY; DRIFTER LAUNCH STRATEGIES; LOCK-EXCHANGE SYSTEM; HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; RELATIVE DISPERSION; ADRIATIC SEA; SURFACE CURRENTS; OCEAN FRONTS; LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS AB Recognizing the potential role played by submesoscale processes in both the energy cascade in the ocean and biogeochemical transport, we conduct a series of large eddy simulations of isolated mixed layer instabilities. The primary objective is to generate freely evolving velocity and density fields representative of submesoscale flows and then use these to examine potential observational sampling strategies. Mixed layer instabilities are explored in two parameter regimes: a strongly-stratified regime which results in a system with surface-intensified eddies and high vertical shear, and a weakly-stratified regime exhibiting weaker, smaller scale eddies that penetrate across the entire domain depth as Taylor columns. Analysis of a variety of mixing measures derived from both particle and tracer based sampling strategies indicates the differing importance of vertical processes in the two flow regimes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oezgoekmen, Tamay M.; Haza, Angelique C.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Poje, Andrew C.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Math, Staten Isl, NY USA. [Fischer, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation under the Collaborative Mathematics and Geoscience (CMG) initiative [N00014-09-1-0267, DMS-1025323, DMS-1025359] FX We greatly acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research and National Science Foundation via Grants N00014-09-1-0267, DMS-1025323, DMS-1025359 under the Collaborative Mathematics and Geoscience (CMG) initiative. We thank all members of the Lateral Mixing DRI team, who have provided guidance through many insightful comments. The authors also thank the two anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments led to a significant improvement of this manuscript. Most computations were carried out on the University of Miami's high-performance computing (HPC) center (http://ccs.miami.edu/hpc/). The authors thank the center's director Nicholas Tsinoremas, HPC director Joel Zysman for these resources and convenient access, and especially Zongjun Hu for his continuous daily assistance and help. A significant and important portion of the computations were completed on SystemX at Virginia Tech's advanced research computing center (http://www.arc.vt.edu). We thank Dr. Terry Herdman and Michael Snow for their help. The generous help provided by Hank Childs on his visualization software visit has been critical for the graphics in this manuscript. NR 95 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.05.006 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 816DN UT WOS:000294579000010 ER PT S AU Shaddix, C Molina, A AF Shaddix, C. Molina, A. BE Zheng, L TI Ignition, flame stability, and char combustion in oxy-fuel combustion SO OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION FOR POWER GENERATION AND CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) CAPTURE SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE oxy-fuel combustion; coal; char; ignition; burnout ID PULVERIZED COAL COMBUSTION; HIGH HEATING RATES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BITUMINOUS COAL; O-2/CO2; PARTICLES; AIR; GASIFICATION; PYROLYSIS; MIXTURES AB This chapter discusses the influence of oxy-fuel combustion conditions on coal ignition, flame stability, char combustion, and carbon burnout. Both experimental results and theoretical analysis are employed to illustrate the predominant influences of elevated concentrations of O-2, CO2, and H2O on these important aspects of the combustion process. In some instances substantial differences in the combustion behavior are apparent relative to traditional air-fired combustion practices, whereas in other cases the influence is relatively minor. Both an understanding of the governing physics of the processes and detailed simulations lead to an understanding of which aspects of gas transport properties or reactions involving CO2 and H2O are likely to be responsible for the observed trends. C1 [Shaddix, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Molina, A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Mines, Sch Proc & Energy, Medellin, Colombia. RP Shaddix, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crshadd@sandia.gov; amolinao@unal.edu.co NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-9364 BN 978-1-84569-671-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 17 BP 101 EP 124 D2 10.1533/9780857090980 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BVS12 UT WOS:000292636500007 ER PT B AU Lopez-Ferrer, D Hixson, KK Belov, ME Smith, RD AF Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel Hixson, Kim K. Belov, Mikhail E. Smith, Richard D. BE Ivanov, AR Lazarev, AV TI Ultra-Fast Sample Preparation for High-Throughput Proteomics SO SAMPLE PREPARATION IN BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Proteomics; Enzymatic digestion; High pressure and mass spectrometry ID INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; TOF MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; ENZYME INACTIVATION; TRYPTIC DIGESTION; TRYPSIN DIGESTION; ACID CLEAVAGE AB Sample preparation oftentimes can be the Achilles Heel of any analytical process, and in the field of proteomics, preparing samples for mass spectrometric analysis is no exception. Current goals, concerning proteomic sample preparation on a large scale, include efforts toward improving reproducibility, reducing the time of processing and ultimately the automation of the entire workflow. This chapter reviews an array of recent approaches applied to bottom-up proteomics sample preparation to reduce the processing time clown from hours to minutes. The current state-of-the-art approaches in the field use different energy inputs such as microwave, ultrasound or pressure to perform the four basic steps in sample preparation: protein extraction, denaturation, reduction/alkylation, and digestion. No single energy input for enhancement of proteome sample preparation has become the universal gold standard. Instead, a combination of different energy inputs tends to produce the best results. This chapter further describes the future trends in the field such as the hyphenation of sample preparation with downstream detection and analysis systems. Finally, a detailed protocol describing the combined use of both pressure cycling technology and ultrasonic energy inputs to hasten proteomic sample preparation is presented. C1 [Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel; Belov, Mikhail E.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel] Capr Prote US LLC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hixson, Kim K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lopez-Ferrer, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dlopezferrer@caprion.com; kim.hixson@pnl.gov; mikhail.belov@pnl.gov; rds@pnl.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0758-0 PY 2011 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BVY63 UT WOS:000293148700009 ER PT B AU Loo, RRO AF Loo, Rachel R. Ogorzalek BE Ivanov, AR Lazarev, AV TI Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry of Hydrophobic Proteins in Mixtures SO SAMPLE PREPARATION IN BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ion suppression; Lipoproteins; Membrane proteins, Mixture analysis; Whole cell analysis ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ANHYDROUS FORMIC-ACID; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; MS ANALYSIS; DESORPTION IONIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; MALDI-MS AB MALDI-MS sample/matrix preparations tailored to display the hydrophobic protein constituents of mixtures are described. Sinapinic, ferulic, DHB, 4-hydroxybenzylidene malononitrile, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole matrices perform well in these formulations, effective in revealing lipid-acylated proteins and the abundant, water-insoluble ATPase proteolipid from Escherichia coli whole cell mixtures. Among the cocktails examined, 50% H2O/33% 2-propano1/17% formic acid is preferred, primarily for its slow rate of serine/threonine formylation, an artifactual modification induced by many formic acid-containing solutions. The rates of protein formylation measured for different formic-acid containing cocktails will guide solvent selection for other hydrophobic protein applications, such as extracting intact proteins from polyacrylamide gels or solubilizing membrane proteins for ESI-MS. Additional strategies for hydrophobic protein analysis, such as detergent addition and liquid-liquid extraction are also discussed briefly. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Joint Inst Genom & Prote, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Loo, RRO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Joint Inst Genom & Prote, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rloo@mednet.ucla.edu NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0758-0 PY 2011 BP 715 EP 729 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0_33 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BVY63 UT WOS:000293148700034 ER PT B AU Belov, ME Kurulugama, R Lopez-Ferrer, D Ibrahim, Y Baker, E AF Belov, Mikhail E. Kurulugama, Ruwan Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel Ibrahim, Yehia Baker, Erin BE Ivanov, AR Lazarev, AV TI New Developments in LC-MS and Other Hyphenated Techniques SO SAMPLE PREPARATION IN BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Reversed-phase HPLC; Strong cation exchange; Capillary zone electrophoresis; Ion mobility spectrometry; High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; COMPLEX PEPTIDE MIXTURES; N-LINKED GLYCOPROTEINS; PER-TRILLION LEVELS; FIELD DRIFT-TUBE AB Extensive challenges faced by analytical chemists in studying real world complex samples such as biological body fluids, tissue samples, environmental and geological samples have led to the exponential growth in analytical techniques in the late twentieth century. This vast array of different analytical techniques can be categorized into two major areas: sample separation and mass spectrometry analysis. Current state-of-the-art sample separation methods include gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ultra high pressure liquid chromatography, solid phase extraction, capillary electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis and gas phase separation techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry. The current trend in sample separation is to combine multiple techniques that utilize different separation mechanisms to maximize the separation. The most widely used combinations include two-dimensional gas chromatography, strong cation exchange or weak cation exchange chromatography followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography followed by ion mobility spectrometry and two-dimensional electrophoresis techniques. The introduction of atmospheric pressure ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization and the variations of these two techniques have exponentially increased the utility of mass spectrometry in complex sample analysis. Mass spectrometry itself has tremendously improved over the years in terms of sensitivity, detection limits and dynamic range capabilities. Currently, mass spectrometers can attain zeptomolar detection limits with five orders of magnitude dynamic range. C1 [Belov, Mikhail E.; Kurulugama, Ruwan; Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel; Ibrahim, Yehia; Baker, Erin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel] Capr Prote US LLC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Belov, ME (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mikhail.belov@pnl.gov; ruwan_kurulugama@yahoo.com; dlopezferrer@caprion.com; yehia.ibrahim@pnl.gov; erin.baker@pnl.gov NR 228 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-0758-0 PY 2011 BP 981 EP 1030 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0_47 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0 PG 50 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BVY63 UT WOS:000293148700048 ER PT S AU Bilki, B Butler, J May, E Mavromanolakis, G Norbeck, E Repond, J Underwood, D Xia, L Zhang, QM AF Bilki, Burak Butler, John May, Ed Mavromanolakis, Georgios Norbeck, Edwin Repond, Jose Underwood, David Xia, Lei Zhang, Qingmin BE Wang, YF Hu, T TI Tests of a Digital Hadron Calorimeter SO XIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CALORIMETRY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (CALOR 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics (CALOR 2010) CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst High Energy Phys AB In the context of developing a hadron calorimeter with extremely fine granularity for the application of Particle Flow Algorithms to the measurement of jet energies at a future lepton collider, we report on extensive tests of a small scale prototype calorimeter. The calorimeter contained up to 10 layers of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with 2560 1x1 cm(2) readout pads, interleaved with steel absorber plates. The tests included both long-term Cosmic Ray data taking and measurements in particle beams, where the response to broadband muons and to pions and positrons with energies in the range of 1 - 16 GeV was established. Detailed measurements of the chambers efficiency as function of beam intensity have also been performed using 120 GeV protons at varying intensity. The data are compared to simulations based on GEANT4 and to analytical calculations of the rate limitations. C1 [Bilki, Burak; Norbeck, Edwin] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Repond, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Bilki, Burak/0000-0001-9515-3306 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 293 AR 012075 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/293/1/012075 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWD34 UT WOS:000293616600075 ER PT S AU Chen, HC AF Chen, Hucheng CA ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Grp BE Wang, YF Hu, T TI ATLAS LAr calorimeters readout electronics upgrade R&D for sLHC SO XIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CALORIMETRY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (CALOR 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics (CALOR 2010) CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst High Energy Phys AB The ATLAS Liquid Argon (LAr) calorimeters consist of an electromagnetic barrel calorimeter and two end-caps with electromagnetic, hadronic and forward calorimeters. A total of 182,468 signals are digitized and processed real-time on detector, to provide energy and time deposited in each detector element at every occurrence of the Level-1 trigger. A luminosity upgrade of the LHC will occur in the years similar to 2020. The current readout electronics will need to be upgraded to sustain the higher radiation levels. A completely innovative readout scheme is being developed. The front-end readout will send out data continuously at each bunch crossing through high speed radiation resistant optical links, the data will be processed real-time with the possibility of implementing trigger algorithms. This article is an overview of the R&D activities and architectural studies the ATLAS LAr Calorimeter Group is developing. C1 [Chen, Hucheng; ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Grp] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, HC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM chc@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 293 AR 012017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/293/1/012017 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWD34 UT WOS:000293616600017 ER PT S AU Drake, G Repond, J AF Drake, Gary Repond, Jose BE Wang, YF Hu, T TI Digital HCAL Electronics: Status of Production SO XIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CALORIMETRY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (CALOR 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics (CALOR 2010) CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst High Energy Phys AB This is a status report of the production of the readout electronics for the Digital Hadron Calorimeter (DHCAL) prototype. The prototype will be equipped with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), read out with 1 x 1 cm(2) pads. The readout of each channel is simplified to provide a yes or no (digital readout) within a time bin of 100 ns. Each detector layer with an area of 96 x 96 cm(2) contains close to 10,000 readout channels. The total channel count for the entire prototype calorimeter with 38 active layers is approximately 350,000. C1 [Drake, Gary; Repond, Jose] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Drake, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM drake@hep.anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 293 AR 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/293/1/012014 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWD34 UT WOS:000293616600014 ER PT S AU Kistenev, E AF Kistenev, E. CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Wang, YF Hu, T TI New development in high resolving power W-Si calorimeters SO XIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CALORIMETRY IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (CALOR 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics (CALOR 2010) CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst High Energy Phys AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (BNL) collides heavy nuclei and creates a strongly coupled medium at unprecedented density and temperature. Characteristic event structures may be efficiently selected with calorimeters, which can provide triggers on high-pT particles, "jets" of particles, or large transverse energy, along with precision measurements of the structures. The importance of calorimeters in studies of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions was first recognized by W.Willis [1]. The key requirements are photon identification and measurements, and high resolving power to handle extreme occupancies common to this kind of interactions. We present a fully developed and beam tested concept of the W-Si sampling calorimeter built to this specifications. Novel features of this design are concepts of silicon micromodules, use of microconnectors for the silicon alignment purposes and passive signal summation to form readout towers. A prototype calorimeter was built in collaboration between BNL and a number of University groups from USA, Russia, Korea, Finland and Czech Republic and exposed to particle beams at CERN PS and SPS. C1 [Kistenev, E.; PHENIX Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Kistenev, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. EM kistenev@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 293 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/293/1/012007 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWD34 UT WOS:000293616600007 ER PT S AU Miller, GJ Schmidt, MW Wang, F You, TS AF Miller, Gordon J. Schmidt, Michael W. Wang, Fei You, Tae-Soo BE Fassler, TF TI Quantitative Advances in the Zintl-Klemm Formalism SO ZINTL PHASES: PRINCIPLES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Electronic Structure; Zintl-Klemm Formalism ID ALKALIMETALLE ZU HALBMETALLEN; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; EQUAL-TO 1; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TERNARY SILICIDES; TETRAPHOSPHORUS TETRASULFIDE AB The Zintl-Klemm formalism has enjoyed tremendous success for rationalizing numerous network- and cluster-based structures involving main group elements. As research continues to explore the applicability of this potentially predictive concept, developments in theoretical and computational chemistry allow the study of larger and heavier molecular and solid-state building blocks to test this powerful formalism semiquantitatively, as well as improved handling of interatomic interactions involving widely disparate elements. Inherent in the Zintl-Klemm formalism is a coexisting tension between anisotropic, covalent bonding interactions, and isotropic, ionic, or metallic bonding forces collected in a system whose equilibrium volume is governed by atomic sizes via core repulsions. This chapter summarizes recent applications and quantitative developments of the Zintl-Klemm formalism, emphasizing results of first-principles calculations on molecules and extended solids, as well as selected experimental results that address the general validity of using this simple concept. C1 [Miller, Gordon J.; Schmidt, Michael W.; Wang, Fei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Miller, Gordon J.; Schmidt, Michael W.; Wang, Fei] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [You, Tae-Soo] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, 321 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gmiller@iastate.edu RI wen0314, cui/C-9001-2012; Wang, Fei/I-2071-2012 NR 168 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 978-3-642-21149-2 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2011 VL 139 BP 1 EP 55 DI 10.1007/430_2010_24 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-21150-8 PG 55 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BVZ05 UT WOS:000293193800001 ER PT J AU Kassianov, E Barnard, JC Berg, LK Flynn, C Long, CN AF Kassianov, E. Barnard, J. C. Berg, L. K. Flynn, C. Long, C. N. TI Sky cover from MFRSR observations SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD FRACTION; SGP SITE; PART II; RADIOMETER; MODEL AB The diffuse all-sky surface irradiances measured at two nearby wavelengths in the visible spectral range and their modeled clear-sky counterparts are the main components of a new method for estimating the fractional sky cover of different cloud types, including cumuli. The performance of this method is illustrated using 1-min resolution data from a ground-based Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR). The MFRSR data are collected at the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site during the summer of 2007 and represent 13 days with cumuli. Good agreement is obtained between estimated values of the fractional sky cover and those provided by a well-established independent method based on broadband observations. C1 [Kassianov, E.; Barnard, J. C.; Berg, L. K.; Flynn, C.; Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM evgueni.kassianov@pnl.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE); DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM), and Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) Programs. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The authors are grateful to three reviewers for the valuable comments and constructive suggestions. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1463 EP 1470 DI 10.5194/amt-4-1463-2011 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 814LZ UT WOS:000294457000008 ER PT J AU West, TO Bandaru, V Brandt, CC Schuh, AE Ogle, SM AF West, T. O. Bandaru, V. Brandt, C. C. Schuh, A. E. Ogle, S. M. TI Regional uptake and release of crop carbon in the United States SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; FLUXES AB Carbon fixed by agricultural crops in the US creates regional CO2 sinks where it is harvested and regional CO2 sources where it is released back to the atmosphere. The quantity and location of these fluxes differ depending on the annual supply and demand of crop commodities. Data on the harvest of crop biomass, storage, import and export, and on the use of biomass for food, feed, fiber, and fuel were compiled to estimate an annual crop carbon budget for 2000 to 2008. With respect to US Farm Resource Regions, net sources of CO2 associated with the consumption of crop commodities occurred in the Eastern Uplands, Southern Seaboard, and Fruitful Rim regions. Net sinks associated with the production of crop commodities occurred in the Heartland, Northern Great Plains, and Mississippi Portal regions. The national crop carbon budget was balanced to within 0.3 to 6.1% yr(-1) during the period of this analysis. C1 [West, T. O.; Bandaru, V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [West, T. O.; Bandaru, V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Brandt, C. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schuh, A. E.; Ogle, S. M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP West, TO (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tristram.west@pnl.gov RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Ogle, Stephen/0000-0003-1899-7446 FU National Aeronautics and Space Agency, Earth Sciences Division [NNX08AK08G] FX We gratefully acknowledge the National Aeronautics and Space Agency, Earth Sciences Division for support through the North American Carbon Program, Mid-Continent Intensive Campaign (Agreement No. NNX08AK08G). We thank the Carbon Dioxide Information Center for archiving results from this analysis at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/carbonmanagement. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2037 EP 2046 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2037-2011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 814MA UT WOS:000294457100002 ER PT J AU Ringeval, B Friedlingstein, P Koven, C Ciais, P de Noblet-Ducoudre, N Decharme, B Cadule, P AF Ringeval, B. Friedlingstein, P. Koven, C. Ciais, P. de Noblet-Ducoudre, N. Decharme, B. Cadule, P. TI Climate-CH4 feedback from wetlands and its interaction with the climate-CO2 feedback SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; METHANE EMISSIONS; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CH4 EMISSIONS; SENSITIVITY; DECOMPOSITION; PEATLANDS; PRODUCTIVITY AB The existence of a feedback between climate and methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands has previously been hypothesized, but both its sign and amplitude remain unknown. Moreover, this feedback could interact with the climate-CO2 cycle feedback, which has not yet been accounted for at the global scale. These interactions relate to (i) the effect of atmospheric CO2 on methanogenic substrates by virtue of its fertilizing effect on plant productivity and (ii) the fact that a climate perturbation due to CO2 (respectively CH4) radiative forcing has an effect on wetland CH4 emissions (respectively CO2 fluxes at the surface/atmosphere interface). We present a theoretical analysis of these interactions, which makes it possible to express the magnitude of the feedback for CO2 and CH4 alone, the additional gain due to interactions between these two feedbacks and the effects of these feedbacks on the difference in atmospheric CH4 and CO2 between 2100 and pre-industrial time (respectively 1 CH4 and 1 CO2). These gains are expressed as functions of different sensitivity terms, which we estimate based on prior studies and from experiments performed with the global terrestrial vegetation model ORCHIDEE. Despite high uncertainties on the sensitivity of wetland CH4 emissions to climate, we found that the absolute value of the gain of the climate-CH4 feedback from wetlands is relatively low (<30% of climate-CO2 feedback gain), with either negative or positive sign within the range of estimates. Whereas the interactions between the two feedbacks have low influence on 1 CO2, the 1 CH4 could increase by 475 to 1400 ppb based on the sign of the C-CH4 feedback gain. Our study suggests that it is necessary to better constrain the evolution of wetland area under future climate change as well as the local coupling through methanogenesis substrate of the carbon and CH4 cycles - in particular the magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect on the wetland CH4 emissions - as these are the dominant sources of uncertainty in our model. C1 [Ringeval, B.; Friedlingstein, P.; Koven, C.; Ciais, P.; de Noblet-Ducoudre, N.; Cadule, P.] CEA Saclay, CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Decharme, B.] Meteo France, CNRM GMGEC UDC, F-31000 Toulouse, France. RP Ringeval, B (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM bruno.ringeval@lsce.ipsl.fr RI de NOBLET, Nathalie/O-8613-2015; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; OI Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Ringeval, Bruno/0000-0001-8405-1304 FU Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR); CNRS-INSU FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was supported by the project Impact Boreal, funded by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR). Computing support was provided by Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA).; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 68 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2137 EP 2157 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2137-2011 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 814MA UT WOS:000294457100010 ER PT S AU Soufli, R Fernandez-Perea, M Hau-Riege, SP Baker, SL Robinson, JC Gullikson, EM Bozek, JD Kelez, NM Boutet, S AF Soufli, Regina Fernandez-Perea, Monica Hau-Riege, Stefan P. Baker, Sherry L. Robinson, Jeff C. Gullikson, Eric M. Bozek, John D. Kelez, Nicholas M. Boutet, Sebastien BE Juha, L Bajt, S London, RA TI Lifetime and damage threshold properties of reflective x-ray coatings for the LCLS free-electron laser SO DAMAGE TO VUV, EUV, AND X-RAY OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Damage to VUV, EUV, and X-ray Optics III CY APR 18-20, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE free-electron lasers; x-ray optics; boron carbide; silicon carbide; damage; substrate recovery ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; SURFACES; FILMS AB This manuscript presents a first study of the contamination observed on some of the x-ray mirrors for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron laser, the implications to the mirror lifetime properties and an evaluation of candidate techniques towards successful recovery of these B4C- and SiC-coated mirrors. Initial experimental results and plans for upcoming mirror recovery experiments are discussed. A summary of experimentally determined FEL damage thresholds of B4C and SiC materials is also given, and their wavelength dependence is discussed. C1 [Soufli, Regina; Fernandez-Perea, Monica; Hau-Riege, Stefan P.; Baker, Sherry L.; Robinson, Jeff C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM regina.soufli@llnl.gov RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-667-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8077 AR 807702 DI 10.1117/12.887747 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVZ56 UT WOS:000293212000001 ER PT S AU Park, G Farinholt, KM Taylor, SG Farrar, CR AF Park, Gyuhae Farinholt, Kevin M. Taylor, Stuart G. Farrar, Charles R. BE Farinholt, KM Griffin, SF TI Piezoelectric Active Sensing techniques for Damage Detection on Wind Turbine Blades SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies 2011 CY MAR 07-08, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE piezoelectric transducers; wind turbine; structural health monitoring; damage detection AB This paper presents the performance of a variety of structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques, based on the use of piezoelectric active sensors, to determine the structural integrity of a 9m CX-100 wind turbine blade (developed by Sandia National Laboratory). First, the dynamic characterization of a CX-100 blade is performed using piezoelectric transducers, where the results are compared to those by conventional accelerometers. Several SHM techniques, including Lamb wave propagations, frequency response functions, and time series based methods are then utilized to analyze the condition of the wind turbine blade. The main focus of this research is to assess and construct a performance matrix to compare the performance of each method in identifying incipient damage, with a special consideration given the issues related to field deployment. Experiments are conducted on a stationary, full length CX-100 wind turbine blade. This examination is a precursor for planned full-scale fatigue testing of the blade and subsequent tests to be performed on an operational CX-100 Rotor Blade to be flown in the field. C1 [Park, Gyuhae; Taylor, Stuart G.; Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Taylor, Stuart/B-1347-2013; Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-541-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7979 AR 79790K DI 10.1117/12.882001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWN56 UT WOS:000294325700017 ER PT S AU Rumsey, MA AF Rumsey, Mark A. BE Farinholt, KM Griffin, SF TI An Evaluation of Sensing Technologies in a Wind Turbine Blade: Some Issues, Challenges and Lessons-Learned SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies 2011 CY MAR 07-08, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE sensing technologies; wind turbine blades; blade manufacturing; testing AB The Department of Energy and the Sandia National Laboratories Wind Power Technology Department have initiated a number of wind turbine blade sensing technology projects with a major goal of understanding the issues and challenges of incorporating new sensing technologies in wind turbine blades. The projects have been highly collaborative with teams from several commercial companies, universities, other national labs, government agencies and wind industry partners. Each team provided technology that was targeted for a particular application that included structural dynamics, operational monitoring, non-destructive evaluation and structural health monitoring. The sensing channels were monitored, in some or all cases, during blade fabrication, field testing of the blade on an operating wind turbine, and lab testing where the life of the blade was accelerated to blade failure. Implementing sensing systems in wind turbine blades is an engineering challenge and solutions often require the collaboration with a diverse set of expertise. This report discusses some of the key issues, challenges and lessons-learned while implementing sensing technologies in wind turbine blades. Some of the briefly discussed topics include cost and reliability, coordinate systems and references, blade geometry, blade composites, material compatibility, sensor ingress and egress, time synchronization, wind turbine operation environments, and blade failure mechanisms and locations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rumsey, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM marumse@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-541-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7979 AR 79790G DI 10.1117/12.882024 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWN56 UT WOS:000294325700014 ER PT S AU Taylor, SG Carroll, J Farinholt, KM Park, G Farrar, CR Todd, MD AF Taylor, Stuart G. Carroll, Joetta Farinholt, Kevin M. Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles R. Todd, Michael D. BE Farinholt, KM Griffin, SF TI Embedded Processing for SHM with Integrated Software Control of a Wireless Impedance Device SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies 2011 CY MAR 07-08, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Embedded Sensing; Wireless Sensor Node; Sensor Diagnostics; Structural Health Monitoring ID SENSOR NODE; DIAGNOSTICS AB Wireless sensor nodes with impedance measurement capabilities, often based on the Analog Devices AD5933 impedance chip and Atmel's 8-bit ATMega 1281 microcontroller, have been demonstrated to be effective in collecting data for localized damage detection (such as for loose bolt detection) and for sensor self-diagnostics. Previously-developed nodes rely on radio telemetry and off-board processing (usually via a PC) to ascertain damage presence or sensor condition. Recent firmware improvements for the wireless impedance device (WID) now allow seamless integration of the WID with SHMTools and mFUSE, an open-source function sequencer and SHM process platform for Matlab. Furthermore, SHM processes developed using mFUSE can be implemented in hardware on the WID, allowing greater autonomy among the sensor nodes to identify and report damage in real time. This paper presents the capabilities of the newly integrated hardware and software, as well as experimental validation. C1 [Taylor, Stuart G.; Park, Gyuhae; Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taylor, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.com RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; Taylor, Stuart/B-1347-2013; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-541-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7979 AR 797904 DI 10.1117/12.881976 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWN56 UT WOS:000294325700003 ER PT J AU Rasberry, RD Lee, YJ Ginn, JC Hines, PF Arrington, CL Sanchez, AE Brumbach, MT Clem, PG Peters, DW Sinclair, MB Dirk, SM AF Rasberry, Roger D. Lee, Yun-Ju Ginn, James C. Hines, Paul F. Arrington, Christian L. Sanchez, Andrea E. Brumbach, Michael T. Clem, Paul G. Peters, David W. Sinclair, Michael B. Dirk, Shawn M. TI Low loss photopatternable matrix materials for LWIR-metamaterial applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIAL; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; POLYNORBORNENE; WAVELENGTHS; FABRICATION; FREQUENCIES; THIOL AB Transparent matrix materials with low-loss and low-permittivity are an important component of integrated optical devices including filters, lenses, and novel metamaterials. Many of the structural matrix materials that are currently utilized at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, such as solution deposited, high-k dielectrics and commercial photoresists, exhibit vibrational absorption bands in the 8-12 mu m spectral range which represents a significant challenge to developing transmissive, three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials operating in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral region. In this paper, we present new, low loss photopatternable polymer dielectrics as well-suited matrix materials for fabricating LWIR-metamaterials. These materials are synthesized by partially hydrogenating polynorbornene to varying degrees followed by a thiol-ene coupling reaction to crosslink the remaining olefin groups. After cross-linking, the olefin LWIR-absorption band is minimized and the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of the material increases. Thick layers of the polymer (>3 mu m), which acts as a negative photoresist, can be deposited easily using a spin coating technique to develop planarizing layers with photopatternable vias. A demonstration on the low loss nature of the polymer dielectrics was carried out by incorporating the polymer into an all-dielectric, infrared metamaterial. Thus, the material is ideal for both lithography and fabrication of 3D metamaterial structures operating in the LWIR spectral region. C1 [Ginn, James C.; Dirk, Shawn M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dirk, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smdirk@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Patti Sawyer for her assistance in gathering the DMA data. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 36 BP 13902 EP 13908 DI 10.1039/c1jm12761f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 814IG UT WOS:000294441300027 ER PT J AU Gross, ML Zavadil, KR Hickner, MA AF Gross, Matthew L. Zavadil, Kevin R. Hickner, Michael A. TI Chemical mapping and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube patterned arrays SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LAYER-BY-LAYER; FUEL-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; COMPOSITES; MULTILAYER; ELECTRODES; PLATINUM; FABRICATION; ACTUATORS AB Micron-scale conductive planar arrays were fabricated by assembly of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDADMAC) thin films on interdigitated patterns using a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition process from aqueous solution. The LbL hybrid film was assembled on a quaternized surface pattern of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS), which was defined on a Si wafer substrate using microcontact printing or drop coating onto a patterned lithographic resist. Deposition of the CNT/polymer bilayers was shown to be limited to the quaternized APTMS regions as confirmed by Raman microspectroscopic mapping, optical and atomic force microscopy, and electrical probe measurements. Patterns of three, five, and eight bilayers had conductivities ranging from 57-264 S cm(-1) for the hybrid structures, depending on number of bilayers and measurement technique, which agreed with other reported values for CNT/polymer thin film composites with high loadings of CNTs. C1 [Gross, Matthew L.; Hickner, Michael A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zavadil, Kevin R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Hickner, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hickner@matse.psu.edu FU Materials Characterization Laboratory; Materials Research Institute; Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment; Sandia National Laboratories; American Chemical Society [47898-G10]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge instrumental and financial support of the Materials Characterization Laboratory, the Materials Research Institute, and the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment. This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (grant # 47898-G10). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 37 BP 14259 EP 14264 DI 10.1039/c1jm11107h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 815BZ UT WOS:000294502400024 ER PT S AU Amaya, IA Cree, JV Mauss, FJ AF Amaya, Ivan A. Cree, Johnathan V. Mauss, Fredrick J. BE Wu, HF TI A wireless sensor tag platform for container security and integrity SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Container security; wireless sensor tags AB Cargo containers onboard ships are widely used in the global supply chain. The need for container security is evidenced by the Container Security Initiative launched by the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP). One method of monitoring cargo containers is using low power wireless sensor tags. The wireless sensor tags are used to set up a network that is comprised of tags internal to the container and a central device. The sensor network reports alarms and other anomalies to a central device, which then relays the message to an outside network upon arrival at the destination port. This allows the port authorities to have knowledge of potential security or integrity issues before physically examining the container. Challenges of using wireless sensor tag networks for container security include battery life, size, environmental conditions, information security, and cost among others. PNNL developed an active wireless sensor tag platform capable of reporting data wirelessly to a central node as well as logging data to nonvolatile memory. The tags, operate at 2.4 GHz over an IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, and were designed to be distributed throughout the inside of a shipping container in the upper support frame. The tags are mounted in a housing that allows for simple and efficient installation or removal prior to, during, or after shipment. The distributed tags monitor the entire container volume. The sensor tag platform utilizes low power electronics and provides an extensible sensor interface for incorporating a wide range of sensors including chemical, biological, and environmental sensors. C1 [Amaya, Ivan A.; Cree, Johnathan V.; Mauss, Fredrick J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Amaya, IA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ivan.amaya@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-545-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7983 AR 79830Y DI 10.1117/12.881898 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BWQ41 UT WOS:000294472700027 ER PT S AU Cinson, A Diaz, A Prowant, M AF Cinson, A. Diaz, A. Prowant, M. BE Wu, HF TI Application and assessment of ultrasonic inspection methods for flaw detection and characterization of manganese steel frogs SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Nondestructive examination; ultrasonic; phased array; volumetric inspection; cast steel AB Ultrasonic nondestructive examination (NDE) has a long and successful history of application across a wide array of industries, including nuclear, aerospace, and transportation sectors. In coarse-grained, cast Manganese (Mn) steel frog components, NDE/inspection challenges are encountered both in-field (after the frogs have been installed on a rail line) and at the manufacturing facilities during post-fabrication QA/QC activities. Periodically inherently flawed frogs are received from a manufacturer, and put into service, as most railroad operators do not have a means to conduct pre-service examinations on received components. Accordingly, there is a need for a pre-service inspection system that can provide a rapid, cost-effective and non-intrusive inspection capability for detection of defects, flaws, and other anomalies in frog components, in order to avoid premature initiation of cracks or failures of these components during service. This study focused on evaluating use of a volumetric phased-array ultrasonic testing (PA-UT) method to monitor fabrication quality assurance. In this preliminary assessment of using PA-UT, data were acquired at a frequency of 2.0 MHz on a known, flawed Mn steel frog component directly from a manufacturing facility. The component contained flaws commonly found as a result of the manufacturing process of these cast rail components. The data were analyzed and the anomalies were detected, localized and characterized. Results were compared against baseline radiographic data. A detection metric was reported in the form of signal-to-noise values. C1 [Cinson, A.; Diaz, A.; Prowant, M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cinson, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM anthony.cinson@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-545-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7983 AR 79830Z DI 10.1117/12.881987 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BWQ41 UT WOS:000294472700028 ER PT S AU Valencia, J Miller, S AF Valencia, Juan Miller, Steve BE Wu, HF TI X-Ray Scan Detection for Cargo Integrity SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Radiation; Scan; X-ray; Gamma; Detection; Cargo; Container; Wireless; RF AB The increase of terrorism and its global impact has made the determination of the contents of cargo containers a necessity. Existing technology allows non-intrusive inspections to determine the contents of a container rapidly and accurately. However, some cargo shipments are exempt from such inspections. Hence, there is a need for a technology that enables rapid and accurate means of detecting whether such containers were non-intrusively inspected. Non-intrusive inspections are most commonly performed utilizing high powered X-ray equipment. The challenge is creating a device that can detect short duration X-ray scans while maintaining a portable, battery powered, low cost, and easy to use platform. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a methodology and prototype device focused on this challenge. The prototype, developed by PNNL, is a battery powered electronic device that continuously measures its X-ray and Gamma exposure, calculates the dose equivalent rate, and makes a determination of whether the device has been exposed to the amount of radiation experienced during an X-ray inspection. Once an inspection is detected, the device will record a timestamp of the event and relay the information to authorized personnel via a visual alert, USB connection, and/or wireless communication. The results of this research demonstrate that PNNL's prototype device can be effective at determining whether a container was scanned by X-ray equipment typically used for cargo container inspections. This paper focuses on laboratory measurements and test results acquired with the PNNL prototype device using several X-ray radiation levels. C1 [Valencia, Juan; Miller, Steve] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Valencia, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS K5-17, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM juanvalencia@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-545-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7983 AR 79830X DI 10.1117/12.882003 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BWQ41 UT WOS:000294472700026 ER PT J AU Ren, F Howe, JY Walker, LR Case, ED Lara-Curzio, E AF Ren, Fei Howe, Jane Y. Walker, Larry R. Case, Eldon D. Lara-Curzio, Edgar TI An in situ SEM experimental study of the thermal stability of a LAST thermoelectric material SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thermoelectric; thermal stability; microstructure change; SEM ID HIGH FIGURE; AGPBMSBTE2+M; POWDERS; MERIT AB Thermal stability is a requirement for the deployment of thermoelectric (TE) materials in the application of power generation. Lead-antimony-silver-tellurium (LAST) is an emerging material with promising TE properties. This study focuses on the thermal stability of a LAST sample with composition Ag(0.86)Pb(19)SbTe(20) fabricated from a cast ingot. Using a customized heating stage, the morphology of the LAST particles was studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in situ, between room temperature and 848 K. The material was found to be stable below 823 K. The inclusion phase, which was antimony-rich, had a lower thermal stability than the PbTe-rich matrix. SEM findings were consistent with the results of a thermogravimetric analysis. The results from an in situ heating study suggest that protective environments should be used during the processing and application of LAST materials. C1 [Ren, Fei; Howe, Jane Y.; Walker, Larry R.; Lara-Curzio, Edgar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Case, Eldon D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM renf@ornl.gov RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 FU Office of Naval Research MURI [N000140310789]; US Department of Energy [DE-FC26-04NT 42281]; US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [2008-033] FX The authors acknowledge the financial assistance of the Office of Naval Research MURI Grant number N000140310789 and the US Department of Energy Grant DE-FC26-04NT 42281. The research through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program (proposal number 2008-033) was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. They also thank Mr Edward Timm at Mechanical Engineering Department of Michigan State University for processing the ingot materials used in this study and Dr A. Schindler at the Application Laboratories of Netzsch Co. for performing the TGA measurements. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 7 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1080/09500839.2011.579583 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 814KM UT WOS:000294450300002 ER PT J AU Huang, EW Liu, Y Ren, Y Porcar, L Kai, JJ Liaw, PK Smith, GS Chen, WR AF Huang, E-Wen Liu, Yun Ren, Yang Porcar, Lionel Kai, Ji-Jung Liaw, Peter K. Smith, Gregory S. Chen, Wei-Ren TI Evolution of microstructure in a nickel-based superalloy as a function of ageing time SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ageing; small-angle neutron scattering; synchrotron radiation; nickel alloys; precipitation ID ALLOYS AB An experimental investigation, combining synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy, has been undertaken to study the microstructure of nanoprecipitates in a nickel-based superalloy. Upon increasing the ageing time during a heat-treatment process, the average size of the precipitates first decreases before changing to a monotonically growth stage. Possible reasons for this observed structural evolution, which is predicted thermodynamically, are suggested. C1 [Huang, E-Wen] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Huang, E-Wen] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Kai, Ji-Jung] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Huang, EW (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM ewhuang@ncu.edu.tw RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; KAI, Ji-jung/0000-0001-7848-8753 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0900271, DMR-0909037]; ORNL-LDRD [05272]; National Science Council [NSC-99-3113-Y-042-001]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSF [DMR-0454672]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work presented in this article could not have been made without the input made from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) projects of CMMI-0900271 and DMR-0909037 with Dr C. Huber, Dr D. Finotello, Dr C. V. Cooper and Dr A. Ardell as program directors. We acknowledge the ORNL-LDRD program (project no. 05272). E-Wen Huang and Ji-Jung Kai appreciate the support from the National Science Council Programs of NSC-99-3113-Y-042-001. We acknowledge the support of The Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy for Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor. The support of the NIST US DOC in providing the neutron-research facilities supported under the NSF agreement of DMR-0454672 is acknowledged. The use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank the Haynes International, Inc.1 for providing the materials. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 EI 1362-3036 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 7 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1080/09500839.2011.587463 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 814KM UT WOS:000294450300007 ER PT S AU Mauss, FJ AF Mauss, Fredrick J. BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V Lynch, JP TI Asset Health Monitors-Development, Sustainment, Advancement SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2011 CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, KAIST DE Asset; health monitoring; maintenance AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed the Captive Carry Health Monitor Unit (HMU) and the Humidity Indicator HMU. Each of these devices provides end users information that can be used to ensure the proper maintenance and performance of the missile. These two efforts have led to the ongoing development and evolution of the next generation Captive Carry HMU and the next generation Humidity Indicator HMU. These next generation efforts are in turn, leading to the future of HMUs. This evolutionary development process inherently allows for direct and indirect impact toward new HMU functionality, operability and performance characteristics by influencing their requirements, testing, communications, data archival, and user interaction. Current designs allow systems to operate in environments outside the limits of typical consumer electronics for up to or exceeding 10 years. These designs are battery powered and typically provided in custom mechanical packages that employ sensors for temperature, shock/vibration, and humidity measurements. The data taken from these sensors is then analyzed onboard using unique algorithms. The algorithms are developed from test data and fielded prototypes. Onboard data analysis provides field users with a simple indication of missile exposure. The HMU provides missile readiness information to the user based on storage and use conditions observed. To continually advance current designs PNNL evaluates the potential for enhancing sensor capabilities by improving performance or power saving features, increasing algorithm and processing abilities, and adding new features. Future work at PNNL includes the utilization of power harvesting, using a defined wireless protocol, and defining a data/information structure. These efforts will lead to improved performance allowing the HMUs to benefit users with direct access to HMUs in the field as well as benefiting those with the ability to make strategic and high-level supply and inventory decisions in real-time. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mauss, FJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-543-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7981 AR 79815H DI 10.1117/12.880595 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWP70 UT WOS:000294447800152 ER PT S AU Oppenheim, IJ Carey, NS Chin, TL Zheng, P Greve, DW AF Oppenheim, Irving J. Carey, Nicola S. Chin, T-L Zheng, Peng Greve, David W. BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V Lynch, JP TI Temperature and Stiffness Correction of SAW Devices for Wireless Strain Sensing SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2011 CY MAR 07-10, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, KAIST DE Piezoelectric; SAW device; strain sensor; temperature compensation AB Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are solid-state components in which a wave propagates along the surface of a piezoelectric material. Changes in strain or temperature cause shifts in the acoustic wave speed and/or the path length, enabling SAW devices to act as sensors. We present experimental studies on lithium niobate SAW devices acting as passively-powered devices. Sensitivity, reproducibility, and linearity are excellent when measuring strain at constant temperature, but the devices are also sensitive to temperature changes. We show experimental results of strain measurement incorporating temperature compensation. C1 [Oppenheim, Irving J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Oppenheim, IJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ijo@cmu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-543-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7981 AR 79811F DI 10.1117/12.880176 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWP70 UT WOS:000294447800040 ER PT J AU Palmer, JA Paez, TL AF Palmer, Jeremy A. Paez, Thomas L. TI Dynamic response of an optomechanical system to a stationary random excitation in the time domain SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE Coulomb damping; lens; optomechanical; random vibration; retainer ID RANDOM VIBRATION AB Modern electro-optical instruments are typically designed with assemblies of optomechanical members that support optics such that alignment is maintained in service environments that include random vibration loads. This paper presents a nonlinear numerical analysis that calculates statistics for the peak lateral response of optics in an optomechanical sub-assembly subject to random excitation of the housing. The work is unique in that the prior art does not address peak response probability distribution for stationary random vibration in the time domain for a common lens-retainer-housing system with Coulomb damping. Analytical results are validated by using displacement response data from random vibration testing of representative prototype sub-assemblies. A comparison of predictions to experimental results yields reasonable agreement. The Type I Asymptotic form provides the cumulative distribution function for peak response probabilities. Probabilities are calculated for actual lens centration tolerances. The probability that peak response will not exceed the centration tolerance is greater than 80% for prototype configurations where the tolerance is high (on the order of 30 micrometers). Conversely, the probability is low for those where the tolerance is less than 20 micrometers. The analysis suggests a design paradigm based on the influence of lateral stiffness on the magnitude of the response. C1 [Palmer, Jeremy A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Paez, Thomas L.] Thomas Paez Consulting, Durango, CO USA. RP Palmer, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 01304, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM japalme@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL8500] FX The authors thank Pavel Chaplya, Zachary Kreiner, and James R. Wade of Sandia National Laboratories; and Brian Rider, Scott Svenson, and David Crompton of L-3 Communications SSG Corporation for their contributions to this research. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 BP 747 EP 758 DI 10.3233/SAV-2010-0595 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 814EH UT WOS:000294428900007 ER PT B AU McDowell, NG Bond, BJ Dickman, LT Ryan, MG Whitehead, D AF McDowell, Nate G. Bond, Barbara J. Dickman, Lee T. Ryan, Michael G. Whitehead, David BE Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B Dawson, TE TI Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination SO SIZE- AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN TREE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SE Tree Physiology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; HYDRAULIC LIMITATION HYPOTHESIS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS-EXCHANGE; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; PONDEROSA PINE; SCOTS PINE AB Understanding how tree size impacts leaf- and crown-level gas exchange is essential to predicting forest yields and carbon and water budgets. The stable carbon isotope ratio (delta C-13) of organic matter has been used to examine the relationship of gas exchange to tree size for a host of species because it carries a temporally integrated signature of foliar photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The carbon isotope composition of leaves reflects discrimination against C-13 relative to C-12 during photosynthesis and is the net result of the balance of change in CO2 supply and demand at the sites of photosynthesis within the leaf mesophyll. Interpreting the patterns of changes in delta C-13 with tree size are not always clear, however, because multiple factors that regulate gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) co-vary with height, such as solar irradiance and hydraulic conductance. Here we review 36 carbon isotope datasets from 38 tree species and conclude that there is a consistent, linear decline of Delta with height. The most parsimonious explanation of this result is that gravitational constraints on maximum leaf water potential set an ultimate boundary on the shape and sign of the relationship. These hydraulic constraints are manifest both over the long term through impacts on leaf structure, and over did l periods via impacts on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance. Shading induces a positive offset to the linear decline, consistent with light limitations reducing carbon fixation and increasing partial pressures of CO2 inside of the leaf, p(c) at a given height. Biome differences between tropical and temperate forests were more important in predicting Delta and its relationship to height than wood type associated with being an angiosperm or gymnosperm. It is not yet clear how leaf internal conductance varies with leaf mass area, but some data in particularly tall, temperate conifers suggest that photosynthetic capacity may not vary dramatically with height when compared between tree-tops, while stomatal and leaf internal conductances do decline in unison with height within canopy gradients. It is also clear that light is a critical variable low in the canopy, whereas hydrostatic constraints dominate the relationship between Delta and height in the upper canopy. The trend of increasing maximum height with decreasing minimum A suggests that trees that become particularly tall may be adapted to tolerate particularly low values of p(c). C1 [McDowell, Nate G.; Dickman, Lee T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bond, Barbara J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Lab Studies Forest Carbon Cycle, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Whitehead, David] Landcare Res, NL-7640 Lincoln, New Zealand. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov; barbara.bond@oregonstate.edu; mgryan@fs.fed.us RI Dickman, Lee/J-2391-2015 OI Dickman, Lee/0000-0003-3876-7058 NR 137 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-007-1241-6 J9 TREE PHYSIOL SER PY 2011 VL 4 BP 255 EP 286 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_10 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3 PG 32 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BWF35 UT WOS:000293799600010 ER PT S AU Ramuhalli, P Cinson, AD Crawford, SL Harris, RV Diaz, AA Anderson, MT AF Ramuhalli, P. Cinson, A. D. Crawford, S. L. Harris, R. V. Diaz, A. A. Anderson, M. T. BE Ecke, W Peters, KJ Matikas, TE TI Evaluation of signal processing tools for improving phased array ultrasonic weld inspection SO SMART SENSOR PHENOMENA, TECHNOLOGY, NETWORKS, AND SYSTEMS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems CY MAR 07-09, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Ultrasonic NDE signal processing; in-service inspection; weld inspection; phased array; data fusion; cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) ID AUSTENITIC STEEL WELDS; NOISE-ANALYSIS; ELASTIC-WAVES; SCATTERING; NDE AB Cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) that was commonly used in U. S. nuclear power plants is a coarse-grained, elastically anisotropic material. In recent years, low-frequency phased-array ultrasound has emerged as a leading candidate for the inspection of welds in CASS piping, due to the relatively lower interference in the measured signal from ultrasonic backscatter. However, adverse phenomena (such as scattering from the coarse-grained microstructure, and beam redirection and partitioning due to the elastically anisotropic nature of the material) result in measurements with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and increased difficulty in discriminating between signals from flaws and signals from benign geometric factors. There is therefore a need for advanced signal processing tools to improve the SNR and enable rapid analysis and classification of measurements. This paper discusses recent efforts at PNNL towards the development and evaluation of a number of signal processing algorithms for this purpose. Among the algorithms being evaluated for improving the SNR (and, consequently, the ability to discriminate between flaw signals and non-flaw signals) are wavelets and other time-frequency distributions, empirical mode decompositions, and split-spectrum processing techniques. A range of pattern-recognition algorithms, including neural networks, are also being evaluated for their ability to successfully classify measurements into two or more classes. Experimental data obtained from the inspection of a number of welds in CASS components are being used in this evaluation. C1 [Ramuhalli, P.; Cinson, A. D.; Crawford, S. L.; Harris, R. V.; Diaz, A. A.; Anderson, M. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ramuhalli, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Pradeep.ramuhalli@pnl.gov OI Ramuhalli, Pradeep/0000-0001-6372-1743 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-544-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7982 AR 798212 DI 10.1117/12.882000 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWQ42 UT WOS:000294474000031 ER PT S AU Martin, S Brown, WM Klavans, R Boyack, KW AF Martin, Shawn Brown, W. Michael Klavans, Richard Boyack, Kevin W. BE Wong, PC Park, J Hao, MC Chen, C Borner, K Kao, DL Roberts, JC TI OpenOrd: An Open-Source Toolbox for Large Graph Layout SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2011 CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Hewlett-Packard Co, Kitware Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Homeland Security DE Multilevel; Force-Directed; Parallel; Large-Scale Graph Layout ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; MAPPING KNOWLEDGE DOMAINS; ALGORITHM; SCIENCE; MAP AB We document an open-source toolbox for drawing large-scale undirected graphs. This toolbox is based on a previously implemented closed-source algorithm known as VxOrd. Our toolbox, which we call OpenOrd, extends the capabilities of VxOrd to large graph layout by incorporating edge-cutting, a multi-level approach, average-link clustering, and a parallel implementation. At each level, vertices are grouped using force-directed layout and average-link clustering. The clustered vertices are then re-drawn and the process is repeated. When a suitable drawing of the coarsened graph is obtained, the algorithm is reversed to obtain a drawing of the original graph. This approach results in layouts of large graphs which incorporate both local and global structure. A detailed description of the algorithm is provided in this paper. Examples using datasets with over 600K nodes are given. Code is available at www.cs.sandia.gov/similar to smartin. C1 [Martin, Shawn; Brown, W. Michael] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smartin@sandia.gov; wmbrown@sandia.gov; rklavans@mapofscience.com; kboyack@mapofscience.com OI Boyack, Kevin/0000-0001-7814-8951 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-405-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7868 AR 786806 DI 10.1117/12.871402 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWD55 UT WOS:000293625900005 ER PT S AU Nowell, LT AF Nowell, Lucy T. BE Wong, PC Park, J Hao, MC Chen, C Borner, K Kao, DL Roberts, JC TI The science of visual analysis at extreme scale SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2011 CY JAN 24-25, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Hewlett-Packard Co, Kitware Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Homeland Security DE data management; visual analysis; scientific visualization; computer architecture; high performance computing AB Driven by market forces and spanning the full spectrum of computational devices, computer architectures are changing in ways that present tremendous opportunities and challenges for data analysis and visual analytic technologies. Leadership-class high performance computing system will have as many as a million cores by 2020 and support 10 billion-way concurrency, while laptop computers are expected to have as many as 1,000 cores by 2015. At the same time, data of all types are increasing exponentially and automated analytic methods are essential for all disciplines. Many existing analytic technologies do not scale to make full use of current platforms and fewer still are likely to scale to the systems that will be operational by the end of this decade. Furthermore, on the new architectures and for data at extreme scales, validating the accuracy and effectiveness of analytic methods, including visual analysis, will be increasingly important. C1 US DOE, Off Adv Sci Comp Res, Off Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Nowell, LT (reprint author), US DOE, Off Adv Sci Comp Res, Off Sci, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM lucy.nowell@science.doe.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-405-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7868 AR 786802 DI 10.1117/12.881434 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWD55 UT WOS:000293625900002 ER PT S AU Byrum, K AF Byrum, Karen CA LAPPD Collaboration BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Development of large area fast microchannel plate photo-detectors SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques V CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Large area pico-second photodetectors AB We report on a cross-disciplined, multi-institutional effort to develop large-scale 'frugal' photo-detectors capable of mm-scale space resolution and pico-second time resolution. This new R&D effort is being led by the High Energy Physics branch within DOE. The large-area fast photodetectors (LAPPD) being developed would have applications in many fields, including particle physics, astrophysics, nuclear sciences, and medical imaging. The basic approach uses novel inexpensive micro channel pores which have been functionalized using a technique called atomic layer deposition. A custom anode and fast electronics are used to readout the photodetector. High quantum efficiency photocathodes are also being explored. The R&D program includes detailed testing and end to end simulations. C1 [Byrum, Karen] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Byrum, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 95 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM byrum@anl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-607-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8033 AR 80330U DI 10.1117/12.884032 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWL86 UT WOS:000294206400021 ER PT J AU Wang, T Ciais, P Piao, SL Ottle, C Brender, P Maignan, F Arain, A Cescatti, A Gianelle, D Gough, C Gu, L Lafleur, P Laurila, T Marcolla, B Margolis, H Montagnani, L Moors, E Saigusa, N Vesala, T Wohlfahrt, G Koven, C Black, A Dellwik, E Don, A Hollinger, D Knohl, A Monson, R Munger, J Suyker, A Varlagin, A Verma, S AF Wang, T. Ciais, P. Piao, S. L. Ottle, C. Brender, P. Maignan, F. Arain, A. Cescatti, A. Gianelle, D. Gough, C. Gu, L. Lafleur, P. Laurila, T. Marcolla, B. Margolis, H. Montagnani, L. Moors, E. Saigusa, N. Vesala, T. Wohlfahrt, G. Koven, C. Black, A. Dellwik, E. Don, A. Hollinger, D. Knohl, A. Monson, R. Munger, J. Suyker, A. Varlagin, A. Verma, S. TI Controls on winter ecosystem respiration in temperate and boreal ecosystems SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE CO2 EXCHANGE; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; NET ECOSYSTEM; SOIL RESPIRATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; VEGETATION TYPES; HARDWOOD FOREST AB Winter CO(2) fluxes represent an important component of the annual carbon budget in northern ecosystems. Understanding winter respiration processes and their responses to climate change is also central to our ability to assess terrestrial carbon cycle and climate feedbacks in the future. However, the factors influencing the spatial and temporal patterns of winter ecosystem respiration (R(eco)) of northern ecosystems are poorly understood. For this reason, we analyzed eddy covariance flux data from 57 ecosystem sites ranging from similar to 35 degrees N to similar to 70 degrees N. Deciduous forests were characterized by the highest winter R(eco) rates (0.90 +/- 0.39 gCm(-2) d(-1)), when winter is defined as the period during which daily air temperature remains below 0 degrees C. By contrast, arctic wetlands had the lowest winter R(eco) rates (0.02 +/- 0.02 gCm(-2) d(-1)). Mixed forests, evergreen needle-leaved forests, grasslands, croplands and boreal wetlands were characterized by intermediate winter R(eco) rates (g Cm(-2) d(-1)) of 0.70(+/- 0.33), 0.60(+/-0.38), 0.62(+/-0.43), 0.49(+/-0.22) and 0.27(+/-0.08), respectively. Our cross site analysis showed that winter air (T(air)) and soil (T(soil)) temperature played a dominating role in determining the spatial patterns of winter R(eco) in both forest and managed ecosystems (grasslands and croplands). Besides temperature, the seasonal amplitude of the leaf area index (LAI), inferred from satellite observation, or growing season gross primary productivity, which we use here as a proxy for the amount of recent carbon available for R(eco) in the subsequent winter, played a marginal role in winter CO(2) emissions from forest ecosystems. We found that winter R(eco) sensitivity to temperature variation across space (Q(S)) was higher than the one over time (interannual, Q(T)). This can be expected because Q(S) not only accounts for climate gradients across sites but also for (positively correlated) the spatial variability of substrate quantity. Thus, if the models estimate future warming impacts on R(eco) based on Q(S) rather than Q(T), this could overestimate the impact of temperature changes. C1 [Wang, T.; Ciais, P.; Ottle, C.; Brender, P.; Maignan, F.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, UMR8212, UMR,CE LOrme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Arain, A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Cescatti, A.] Commiss European Communities, Climate Change Unit, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Gianelle, D.] Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, IASMA, I-38040 Viote Del Monte Bondone, Trento, Italy. [Gough, C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Gu, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lafleur, P.] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Laurila, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Marcolla, B.] Edmund Mach Fdn, Res & Innovat Ctr, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Trento, Italy. [Margolis, H.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Montagnani, L.] Forest Serv & Agcy Environm, Bolzano, Italy. [Montagnani, L.] Free Univ Bolzano, Fac Sci & Technol, Bolzano, Italy. [Moors, E.] Alterra Wageningen UR, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Saigusa, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Vesala, T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Wohlfahrt, G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Black, A.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Dellwik, E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Risoe Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Wind Energy Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Don, A.] Inst Agr Climate Res, Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Hollinger, D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Knohl, A.] Univ Gottingen, Busgen Inst, Chair Bioclimatol, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. [Monson, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munger, J.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Suyker, A.; Verma, S.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Varlagin, A.] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Wang, T (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, UMR8212, UMR,CE LOrme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM tao.wang@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Marek, Michal V./D-4383-2014; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; wang, tao/H-2830-2013; ottle, catherine/K-3895-2012; Don, Axel/A-1618-2009; Maignan, Fabienne/F-5419-2013; Knohl, Alexander/F-9453-2014; Montagnani, Leonardo/F-1837-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Gianelle, Damiano/G-9437-2011; Wohlfahrt, Georg/D-2409-2009 OI Varlagin, Andrej/0000-0002-2549-5236; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Marcolla, Barbara/0000-0001-6357-4616; Arain, M. Altaf/0000-0002-1433-5173; OTTLE, Catherine/0000-0003-1304-6414; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; wang, tao/0000-0003-4792-5898; Don, Axel/0000-0001-7046-3332; Knohl, Alexander/0000-0002-7615-8870; Montagnani, Leonardo/0000-0003-2957-9071; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Gianelle, Damiano/0000-0001-7697-5793; Wohlfahrt, Georg/0000-0003-3080-6702 FU CNRS-INSU; CarboEurope-IP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; US Department of Energy; Commissariat a l'energie atomique (CEA) in France FX The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU.; The authors would like to thank all the PIs of eddy covariance sites, technicians, postdoctoral fellows, research associates and site collaborators involved in FLUXNET who are not included as co-authors of the paper, without whose work this meta-analysis would not have been possible. This work is the outcome of the La Thuile FLUXNET workshop 2007, which would not have been possible without the financial support provided by CarboEurope-IP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia and the US Department of Energy. The Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory provided databasing and technical support. The AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC networks provided data. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Larry Flanagan, who provides eddy covariance data of two sites (CA-WP1 and CA-Let) in Canada. We also acknowledge the Ph.D. funding by Commissariat a l'energie atomique (CEA) in France. Finally, we greatly thank the reviewers Werner Eugster, Thomas Friborg and other two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 106 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2009 EP 2025 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2009-2011 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 810UT UT WOS:000294153700017 ER PT S AU Wilbanks, TJ AF Wilbanks, Thomas J. BE Ford, JD BerrangFord, L TI Overview: Climate Change Adaptation in the Urban Environment SO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPED NATIONS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate change; Adaptation; Climate adaptation; Urban communities; IAV; Cities; Urban development; Adaptation research; Local adaptation AB This overview chapter considers five questions that cut across the four case studies in the section to follow: Why are urban environments of particular interest? What does an "urban environment" mean as a focus for adaptation actions? What do we know about climate change vulnerabilities and adaptation potentials in urban areas? What can we expect in the future with adaptation in urban areas? And what is happening with climate change adaptation in urban areas? C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilbanks, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wilbankstj@ornl.gov RI Brooks, Katya/J-4975-2014 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-94-007-0566-1 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2011 VL 42 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0567-8_20 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0567-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BWE55 UT WOS:000293761100020 ER PT S AU Hunter, SR Lavrik, NV Bannuru, T Mostafa, S Rajic, S Datskos, PG AF Hunter, Scott R. Lavrik, Nickolay V. Bannuru, Thirumalesh Mostafa, Salwa Rajic, Slo Datskos, Panos G. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, AK TI Development of MEMS based pyroelectric thermal energy harvesters SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications II CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Energy harvesting; pyroelectric; bimorph cantilever; MEMS; surface micromachining ID ELECTRICAL ENERGY; WASTE HEAT; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS; CONVERSION; CONVERTER; COPOLYMER; P(VDF-TRFE); HYSTERESIS; EFFICIENCY; FLUORIDE AB The efficient conversion of waste thermal energy into electrical energy is of considerable interest due to the huge sources of low-grade thermal energy available in technologically advanced societies. Our group at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is developing a new type of high efficiency thermal waste heat energy converter that can be used to actively cool electronic devices, concentrated photovoltaic solar cells, computers and large waste heat producing systems, while generating electricity that can be used to power remote monitoring sensor systems, or recycled to provide electrical power. The energy harvester is a temperature cycled pyroelectric thermal-to-electrical energy harvester that can be used to generate electrical energy from thermal waste streams with temperature gradients of only a few degrees. The approach uses a resonantly driven pyroelectric capacitive bimorph cantilever structure that potentially has energy conversion efficiencies several times those of any previously demonstrated pyroelectric or thermoelectric thermal energy harvesters. The goals of this effort are to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating high conversion efficiency MEMS based pyroelectric energy converters that can be fabricated into scalable arrays using well known microscale fabrication techniques and materials. These fabrication efforts are supported by detailed modeling studies of the pyroelectric energy converter structures to demonstrate the energy conversion efficiencies and electrical energy generation capabilities of these energy converters. This paper reports on the modeling, fabrication and testing of test structures and single element devices that demonstrate the potential of this technology for the development of high efficiency thermal-to-electrical energy harvesters. C1 [Hunter, Scott R.; Lavrik, Nickolay V.; Bannuru, Thirumalesh; Rajic, Slo; Datskos, Panos G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hunter, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM huntersr@ornl.gov RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-609-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8035 AR 80350V DI 10.1117/12.882125 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BWK53 UT WOS:000294155700021 ER PT S AU Moody, DI Brumby, SP Myers, KL Pawley, NH AF Moody, Daniela I. Brumby, Steven P. Myers, Kary L. Pawley, Norma H. BE Szu, H Dai, L TI Classification of Transient Signals using Sparse Representations over Adaptive Dictionaries SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, NEURAL NETWORKS, BIOSYSTEMS, AND NANOENGINEERING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Neural Networks, Biosystems, and Nanoengineering IX CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE RF transient classification; sparse representation; dictionary learning AB Automatic classification of broadband transient radio frequency (RF) signals is of particular interest in persistent surveillance applications. Because such transients are often acquired in noisy, cluttered environments, and are characterized by complex or unknown analytical models, feature extraction and classification can be difficult. We propose a fast, adaptive classification approach based on non-analytical dictionaries learned from data. Conventional representations using fixed (or analytical) orthogonal dictionaries, e. g., Short Time Fourier and Wavelet Transforms, can be suboptimal for classification of transients, as they provide a rigid tiling of the time-frequency space, and are not specifically designed for a particular signal class. They do not usually lead to sparse decompositions, and require separate feature selection algorithms, creating additional computational overhead. Pursuit-type decompositions over analytical, redundant dictionaries yield sparse representations by design, and work well for target signals in the same function class as the dictionary atoms. The pursuit search however has a high computational cost, and the method can perform poorly in the presence of realistic noise and clutter. Our approach builds on the image analysis work of Mairal et al. (2008) to learn a discriminative dictionary for RF transients directly from data without relying on analytical constraints or additional knowledge about the signal characteristics. We then use a pursuit search over this dictionary to generate sparse classification features. We demonstrate that our learned dictionary is robust to unexpected changes in background content and noise levels. The target classification decision is obtained in almost real-time via a parallel, vectorized implementation. C1 [Moody, Daniela I.; Brumby, Steven P.; Myers, Kary L.; Pawley, Norma H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moody, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM damoody@lanl.gov OI Moody, Daniela/0000-0002-4452-8208; Myers, Kary/0000-0002-5642-959X NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-632-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8058 AR 805804 DI 10.1117/12.883341 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVT71 UT WOS:000292738700003 ER PT B AU Biswas, S Tiwari, M Sherwood, T Theogarajan, L Chong, FT AF Biswas, Susmit Tiwari, Mohit Sherwood, Timothy Theogarajan, Luke Chong, Frederic T. GP ACM SIGARCH TI Fighting Fire with Fire: Modeling the Datacenter-Scale Effects of Targeted Super lattice Thermal Management SO ISCA 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 38TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture CY JUN 04-08, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Computer Soc TCCA, Intel, Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Loongson, IBM, Cavium Networks, HP, VMware, ARM, AMD, Corensic, FusionIO DE Data center; cooling power; active cooling; TEC ID ELECTROMIGRATION; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN AB Local thermal hot-spots in microprocessors lead to worst-case provisioning of global cooling resources, especially in large-scale systems where cooling power can be 50 similar to 100% of IT power. Further, the efficiency of cooling solutions degrade non-linearly with supply temperature. Recent advances in active cooling techniques have shown on-chip thermoelectric coolers (TECs) to be very efficient at selectively eliminating small hot-spots. Applying current to a superlattice TEC-film that is deposited between silicon and the heat spreader results in a Peltier effect, which spreads the heat and lowers the temperature of the hot-spot significantly and improves chip reliability. In this paper, we propose that hot-spot mitigation using thermoelectric coolers can be used as a power management mechanism to allow global coolers to be provisioned for a better worst case temperature leading to substantial savings in cooling power. In order to quantify the potential power savings from using TECs in data center servers, we present a detailed power model that integrates on-chip dynamic and leakage power sour-ces, heat diffusion through the entire chip, TEC and global cooler efficiencies, and all their mutual interactions. Our multi-scale analysis shows that, for a typical data center, TECs allow global coolers to operate at higher temperatures without degrading chip lifetime, and thus save similar to 27% cooling power on average while providing the same processor reliability as a data center running at 288K. C1 [Biswas, Susmit] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Biswas, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM biswas3@llnl.goy; tiwari@cs.ucsb.edu; sherwood@cs.ucsb.edu; ltheogar@ece.ucsb.edu; chong@cs.ucsb.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-0472-6 PY 2011 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVT37 UT WOS:000292709800029 ER PT J AU Chung, DW Balke, N Kalinin, SV Garcia, RE AF Chung, Ding-Wen Balke, Nina Kalinin, Sergei V. Garcia, R. Edwin TI Virtual Electrochemical Strain Microscopy of Polycrystalline LiCoO2 Films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU AFM; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; LI; MORPHOLOGY; DIFFUSION; EXPANSION; ELECTRODE; LIMN2O4 AB A recently developed technique, electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM), utilizes the strong coupling between ionic current and anisotropic volumetric chemical expansion of lithium-ion electrode materials to dynamically probe the sub-one-hundred? nm interfacial kinetic intercalation properties. A numerical technique based on the finite element method was developed to analyze the underlying physics that govern the ESM signal generation and establish relations to battery performance. The performed analysis demonstrates that the diffusion path within a thin film is tortuous and the extent of lithium diffusion into the electrode is dependent on the SPM-tip-imposed overpotential frequency. The detected surface actuation gives rise to the development of an electromechanical hysteresis loop whose shape is dependent on grain size and overpotential frequency. Shape and tilting angle of the loop are classified into low and high frequency regimes, separated by a transition frequency which is also a function of lithium diffusivity and grain size, f(T) = D/l(2). Research shows that the crystallographic orientation of the surface actuated grain has a significant impact on the shape of the loop. The polycrystalline crystallographic orientation of the grains induces a diffusion path network in the electrode which impacts on the mechanical reliability of the battery. Simulations demonstrate that continuous battery cycling results in a cumulative capacity loss as a result of the hysteric non-reversible lithium intercalation. Furthermore, results suggest that ESM has the capability to infer the local out-of-plane lithium diffusivity and the out-of-plane contribution to Vegard tensor. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3619775] All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, Ding-Wen; Garcia, R. Edwin] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Balke, Nina; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. RP Chung, DW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM redwing@purdue.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Balke, Nina/Q-2505-2015 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Balke, Nina/0000-0001-5865-5892 FU National Science Foundation [NSF CMMI 0856491]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ERKCC61] FX REG and DWC thank the support of the National Science Foundation, NSF CMMI 0856491. This material is based upon work supported as part of the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number ERKCC61 (N.B.). NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 50 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 10 BP A1083 EP A1089 DI 10.1149/1.3619775 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 809ND UT WOS:000294063000004 ER PT J AU Martha, SK Haik, O Zinigrad, E Exnar, I Drezen, T Miners, JH Aurbach, D AF Martha, Surendra K. Haik, Ortal Zinigrad, Ella Exnar, Ivan Drezen, Thierry Miners, James H. Aurbach, Doron TI On the Thermal Stability of Olivine Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE; LIFEPO4; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE; CARBONATE; LIMNPO4; LICOPO4; CELLS AB The thermal stability of pristine and electrochemically delithiated LiMPO(4) (Carbon coated-LiMnPO(4), Carbon coated-LiMn(0.8) Fe(0.2)PO(4), and Carbon coated-LiFePO(4)), LiCoO(2) and LiNi(0.8)Co(0.15)Al(0.05)O(2) (NCA) composite electrodes with LiPF(6) solutions in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and EC/propylene carbonate (PC), was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis, coupled with mass spectrometry. The thermal reactions products were measured by XRD and electron microscopy. The LiFePO(4) and LiMnPO(4) cathode materials were found to have comparable thermal stability in their pristine and fully delithiated states. The onset temperatures of the thermal reactions are lower in EC/DMC than in EC/PC solutions but the specific heat evolution of all the thermal reactions are higher with EC-PC solutions. No evidence was found that delithiated LiMnPO(4) or Li[MnFe]PO(4) have lower thermal stability than delithiated LiFePO(4). The thermal reactivity of the layered LiCoO(2) and LiNi(0.8)Co(0.15)Al(0.05)O(2) cathode materials was found to be comparable to that of the LiMPO(4) materials. Oxygen release was detected from the layered compounds upon their heating around 200 degrees C. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3622849] All rights reserved. C1 [Martha, Surendra K.; Haik, Ortal; Zinigrad, Ella; Aurbach, Doron] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Exnar, Ivan] Adex Consulting, CH-4452 Itingen, Switzerland. [Drezen, Thierry; Miners, James H.] DOW Eurpe GmBH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Martha, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM marthask@ornl.gov FU ISF, Israel Science Foundation FX Partial support for this work was obtained from the ISF, Israel Science Foundation. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 10 U2 84 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 10 BP A1115 EP A1122 DI 10.1149/1.3622849 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 809ND UT WOS:000294063000009 ER PT J AU Tenhaeff, WE Yu, X Hong, K Perry, KA Dudney, NJ AF Tenhaeff, W. E. Yu, X. Hong, K. Perry, K. A. Dudney, N. J. TI Ionic Transport Across Interfaces of Solid Glass and Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; MICROSCOPY AB A study of lithium cation transport across solid-solid electrolyte interfaces to identify critical resistances in nanostructured solid electrolytes is reported. Bilayers of glass and polymer thin film electrolytes were fabricated and characterized for this study. The glass electrolyte was lithium phosphorous oxynitride (Lipon), and two polymer electrolytes were studied: poly(methyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate). Both copolymers contained LiClO(4) salt. In bilayers where polymer electrolyte layers are fabricated on top of Lipon, the interfacial resistance dominates transport. At 25 degrees C, the interfacial resistance is at least three times greater than the sum of the Lipon and polymer electrolyte resistances. By reversing the structure and fabricating Lipon on top of the polymer electrolytes, the interfacial resistance is eliminated. Experiments to elucidate the origin of the interfacial resistance in the polymer-on-Lipon bilayers reveal that the solvent mixtures used to fabricate the polymer layers do not degrade the Lipon layer. The importance of the polymer electrolytes' mechanical properties is also discussed. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3625281] All rights reserved. C1 [Tenhaeff, W. E.; Perry, K. A.; Dudney, N. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yu, X.; Hong, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tenhaeff, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wto@ornl.gov RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy and performed in part at the Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) User Facility, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. WT was supported by a Weinberg Fellowship through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 10 BP A1143 EP A1149 DI 10.1149/1.3625281 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 809ND UT WOS:000294063000012 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Shelton, WA AF Xu, Ye Shelton, William A. TI Oxygen Reduction by Lithium on Model Carbon and Oxidized Carbon Structures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL THEORY CALCULATIONS; ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE BATTERY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; LI-AIR BATTERIES; WAVE BASIS-SET; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; INFRARED-SPECTRA; FUEL-CELL AB Li-air batteries have attracted substantial interest for their high theoretical specific energies, but the oxygen reduction reaction by Li (Li-ORR) that occurs at the carbon cathode remains poorly understood. Periodic density functional theory calculations have been performed to examine the Li-ORR on several model carbon structures, including the graphite(0001) basal plane, the (8,0) single-wall nanotube, the armchair-type edge, and a di-vacancy in the basal plane. The inertness of the basal plane limits the reversible potential of O-2 reduction to 1.1 V, and slightly higher to 1.2 V on the curved nanotube. The armchair edge and di-vacancy are highly reactive and significantly oxidized at ambient conditions to various COx groups, which are reduced by Li via redox mechanisms at 1.2-1.4 V. These COx groups can also catalyze O-2 reduction at up to 2.3 V (an overpotential of 0.4 V vs. the calculated equilibrium potential for bulk Li2O2 formation) by chelating and stabilizing the LiO2 intermediate. The Li-ORR on graphitic carbon, if via concerted Li+/e(-) transfer and involving carbon, lithium, and oxygen only, is therefore expected to initiate with the smallest overpotential at under-coordinated carbon centers that are oxidized at ambient conditions. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3625620] All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Ye] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shelton, William A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xuy2@ornl.gov RI Xu, Ye/B-5447-2009 OI Xu, Ye/0000-0002-6406-7832 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy; and used computing resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at ORNL, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 75 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 10 BP A1177 EP A1184 DI 10.1149/1.3625620 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 809ND UT WOS:000294063000017 ER PT J AU Blackmore, KJ Elbaz, L Bauer, E Brosha, EL More, K McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK AF Blackmore, K. J. Elbaz, L. Bauer, E. Brosha, E. L. More, K. McCleskey, T. M. Burrell, A. K. TI High Surface Area Molybdenum Nitride Support for Fuel Cell Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCATALYST; PLATINUM AB Alternative supports for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells were synthesized and catalytic activity was explored using electrochemical analysis. High surface area, molybdenum nitride supports were synthesized by rapidly heating a gel of polyethyleneimine bound molybdenum in a tube furnace under a forming gas atmosphere. Subsequent disposition of platinum through an incipient wetness approach lead to dispersed crystallites of platinum on the conductive support. All the ceramic materials were characterized with XRD, SEM, TEM and electrochemical analysis. The supports without platinum are highly stable to acidic aqueous conditions and show no signs of oxygen reduction reactivity (ORR). However, once the 20 wt % platinum is added to the material, ORR activity comparable to XC72 based materials is observed. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3625580] All rights reserved. C1 [Blackmore, K. J.; Elbaz, L.; Bauer, E.; Brosha, E. L.; McCleskey, T. M.; Burrell, A. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [More, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blackmore, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM elbazli@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX We wish to thank the U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program for providing funding for this work. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 10 BP B1255 EP B1259 DI 10.1149/1.3625580 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 809ND UT WOS:000294063000026 ER PT J AU Morzfeld, M Ma, F Parlett, BN AF Morzfeld, Matthias Ma, Fai Parlett, Beresford N. TI THE TRANSFORMATION OF SECOND-ORDER LINEAR SYSTEMS INTO INDEPENDENT EQUATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE second-order linear differential equations; quadratic eigenvalue problem; modal analysis ID COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS; DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; PART I; APPROXIMATION; VIBRATIONS; EQUIPMENT AB The class of second-order linear dynamical systems is considered. A method and algorithm are presented to transform any system with n degrees of freedom into n independent second-order equations. The conversion utilizes a real, invertible but nonlinear mapping and is applicable to practically every linear system. Two examples from earthquake engineering are provided to indicate the utility of this approach. C1 [Morzfeld, Matthias] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Morzfeld, Matthias; Ma, Fai] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parlett, Beresford N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Morzfeld, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmo@math.lbl.gov; fma@me.berkeley.edu; parlett@math.berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-05CH11231] FX Received by the editors December 20, 2010; accepted for publication (in revised form) April 4, 2011; published electronically July 7, 2011. This research was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC02-05CH11231. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 EI 1095-712X J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2011 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1043 DI 10.1137/100818637 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 812JD UT WOS:000294288400006 ER PT J AU Nonaka, A May, S Almgren, AS Bell, JB AF Nonaka, A. May, S. Almgren, A. S. Bell, J. B. TI A THREE-DIMENSIONAL, UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD FOR SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Godunov method; scalar conservation law; linear advection ID 2ND-ORDER PROJECTION METHOD; EVOLUTION GALERKIN METHODS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; ALGORITHM; SCHEMES; HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; DIMENSIONS AB Linear advection of a scalar quantity by a specified velocity field arises in a number of different applications. Of particular interest here is the transport of species and energy in low Mach number models for combustion, atmospheric flows, and astrophysics, as well as contaminant transport in Darcy models of saturated subsurface flow. An important characteristic of these problems is that the velocity field is not known analytically. Instead, an auxiliary equation is solved to compute averages of the velocities over faces in a finite volume discretization. In this paper, we present a customized three-dimensional finite volume advection scheme for this class of problems that provides accurate resolution for smooth problems while avoiding undershoot and overshoot for nonsmooth profiles. The method is an extension of an algorithm by Bell, Dawson, and Shubin (BDS), which was developed for a class of scalar conservation laws arising in porous media flows in two dimensions. The original BDS algorithm is a variant of unsplit, higher-order Godunov methods based on construction of a limited bilinear profile within each computational cell. Here we present a three-dimensional extension of the original BDS algorithm that is based on a limited trilinear profile within each cell. We compare this new method to several other unsplit approaches, including piecewise linear methods, piecewise parabolic methods, and wave propagation schemes. C1 [Nonaka, A.; Almgren, A. S.; Bell, J. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [May, S.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Nonaka, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajnonaka@lbl.gov; may@cims.nyu.edu; asalmgren@lbl.gov; jbbell@lbl.gov FU DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-88ER25053]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Oak Ridge Leadership Computational Facility (OLCF); Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Applied Mathematics Program of the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.; This author's work was supported by the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences under the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-88ER25053.; The simulations in this paper used resources at National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computational Facility (OLCF), which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Visualization was performed using the VisIt visualization software [35]. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 4 BP 2039 EP 2062 DI 10.1137/100809520 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 812KU UT WOS:000294293200026 ER PT J AU Fullekrug, M Roussel-Dupre, R Symbalisty, EMD Colman, JJ Chanrion, O Soula, S van der Velde, O Odzimek, A Bennett, AJ Pasko, VP Neubert, T AF Fuellekrug, M. Roussel-Dupre, R. Symbalisty, E. M. D. Colman, J. J. Chanrion, O. Soula, S. van der Velde, O. Odzimek, A. Bennett, A. J. Pasko, V. P. Neubert, T. TI Relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; RUNAWAY BREAKDOWN; LIGHTNING INITIATION; LOWER IONOSPHERE; DISCHARGES; THUNDERSTORMS; ATMOSPHERE; SPRITES; WAVES; JETS AB Non-luminous relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds have been detected by the radio signals of low frequency similar to 40-400 kHz which they radiate. The electron beams occur similar to 2-9 ms after positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges at heights between similar to 22-72 km above thunderclouds. Intense positive lightning discharges can also cause sprites which occur either above or prior to the electron beam. One electron beam was detected without any luminous sprite which suggests that electron beams may also occur independently of sprites. Numerical simulations show that beams of electrons partially discharge the lightning electric field above thunderclouds and thereby gain a mean energy of similar to 7MeV to transport a total charge of similar to-10mC upwards. The impulsive current similar to 3 x 10(-3) Am(-2) associated with relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds is directed downwards and needs to be considered as a novel element of the global atmospheric electric circuit. C1 [Fuellekrug, M.; Bennett, A. J.] Univ Bath, Ctr Space & Atmospher Res, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Symbalisty, E. M. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Colman, J. J.] USAF AFMC AFRL RVBXP, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Roussel-Dupre, R.] SciTech Solut, Melbourne, FL USA. [Chanrion, O.; Neubert, T.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Soula, S.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [van der Velde, O.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, Terrassa, Spain. [Odzimek, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Warsaw 42, Poland. [Bennett, A. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Pasko, V. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fullekrug, M (reprint author), Univ Bath, Ctr Space & Atmospher Res, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM eesmf@bath.ac.uk RI Pasko, Victor/S-6024-2016; Chanrion, Olivier/F-7050-2013; OI Chanrion, Olivier/0000-0002-4484-4104; van der Velde, Oscar/0000-0002-1638-6628; Bennett, Alec/0000-0001-8895-6418; Odzimek, Anna/0000-0003-3490-5257 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/H024921/1]; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [PP/E0011483/1]; US National Science Foundation FX This work was sponsored by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant NE/H024921/1 and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant PP/E0011483/1. V. P. P. was supported by Aeronomy and Physical and Dynamical Meteorology Programs of the US National Science Foundation. The International Space Science Institute (ISSI) kindly supported and hosted the Coupling of Atmospheric Regions with Near-Earth Space (CARNES) team meetings which stimulated this work. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7747 EP 7754 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7747-2011 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500021 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Feichter, J Kazil, J Wan, H Zhuo, W Griffiths, AD Sartorius, H Zahorowski, W Ramonet, M Schmidt, M Yver, C Neubert, REM Brunke, EG AF Zhang, K. . Feichter, J. Kazil, J. Wan, H. Zhuo, W. Griffiths, A. D. Sartorius, H. Zahorowski, W. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, M. Yver, C. Neubert, R. E. M. Brunke, E. -G. TI Radon activity in the lower troposphere and its impact on ionization rate: a global estimate using different radon emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODEL; ION-MEDIATED NUCLEATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE MODEL; RN-222 CONCENTRATIONS; AEROSOL NUCLEATION; EXHALATION RATE; BOREAL FOREST; FLUX; PRODUCTS AB The radioactive decay of radon and its progeny can lead to ionization of air molecules and consequently influence aerosol size distribution. In order to provide a global estimate of the radon-related ionization rate, we use the global atmospheric model ECHAM5 to simulate transport and decay processes of the radioactive tracers. A global radon emission map is put together using regional fluxes reported recently in the literature. Near-surface radon concentrations simulated with this new map compare well with measurements. Radon-related ionization rate is calculated and compared to that caused by cosmic rays. The contribution of radon and its progeny clearly exceeds that of the cosmic rays in the mid- and low-latitude land areas in the surface layer. During cold seasons, at locations where high concentration of sulfuric acid gas and low temperature provide potentially favorable conditions for nucleation, the coexistence of high ionization rate may help enhance the particle formation processes. This suggests that it is probably worth investigating the impact of radon-induced ionization on aerosol-climate interaction in global models. C1 [Zhang, K. .; Feichter, J.; Wan, H.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhuo, W.] Fudan Univ, Inst Radiat Med, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Griffiths, A. D.; Zahorowski, W.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Sartorius, H.] Fed Off Radiat Protect BfS, Salzgitter, Germany. [Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Yver, C.] CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL,UVSQ, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Neubert, R. E. M.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Brunke, E. -G.] S African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Kazil, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kai.zhang@pnnl.gov RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Wan, Hui/J-4701-2013; Griffiths, Alan/I-4766-2014; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Griffiths, Alan/0000-0003-1135-1810; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; FU Max Planck Society; EUCAARI project FX The authors thank F. Conen and T. Szegvary for providing their radon flux maps, and S. Rast for preparing the nudging data and making the internal review. We are also grateful to S. Schery, S. Whittlestone, C. Schlosser, J.-F. Vinuesa, and the two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. The German BfS, French RAMCES, and Australian ANSTO monitoring networks are acknowledged for providing the new radon measurements used in this study. This work was jointly supported by the Max Planck Society and the EUCAARI project. All simulations were performed at the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, DKRZ). NR 92 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7817 EP 7838 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7817-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500025 ER PT J AU Thune, PC Weststrate, CJ Moodley, P Saib, AM van de Loosdrecht, J Miller, JT Niemantsverdriet, JW AF Thune, P. C. Weststrate, C. J. Moodley, P. Saib, A. M. van de Loosdrecht, J. Miller, J. T. Niemantsverdriet, J. W. TI Studying Fischer-Tropsch catalysts using transmission electron microscopy and model systems of nanoparticles on planar supports SO CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION CATALYST; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE SCIENCE APPROACH; THIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION; IRON CATALYSTS; IN-SITU; COBALT CRYSTALLITES; THERMAL-ACTIVATION; CHELATING-AGENTS; FLAT AB Nanoparticle model systems on planar supports form a versatile platform for studying morphological and compositional changes of catalysts due to exposure to realistic reaction conditions. We review examples from our work on iron and cobalt catalysts, which can undergo significant rearrangement in the reactive environment of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The use of specially designed, silicon based supports with thin film SiO(2) enables the application of transmission electron microscopy, which has furnished important insight into e. g. the mechanisms of catalyst regeneration. C1 [Thune, P. C.; Weststrate, C. J.; van de Loosdrecht, J.; Niemantsverdriet, J. W.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Schuit Inst Catalysis, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Moodley, P.; Saib, A. M.; van de Loosdrecht, J.] Sasol Technol, Fischer Tropsch Catalysis & Engn Res Dept, Sasolburg, South Africa. [Miller, J. T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thune, PC (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Schuit Inst Catalysis, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM j.w.niemantsverdriet@tue.nl OI Niemantsverdriet, Hans/0000-0002-0743-0850 NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-4753 J9 CATAL SCI TECHNOL JI Catal. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 5 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1039/c1cy00056j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 808XV UT WOS:000294016200001 ER PT S AU Maiden, W Dionysiou, I Frincke, D Fink, G Bakken, DE AF Maiden, Wendy Dionysiou, Ioanna Frincke, Deborah Fink, Glenn Bakken, David E. BE GarciaAlfaro, J NavarroArribas, G Cavalli, A Leneutre, J TI DualTrust: A Distributed Trust Model for Swarm-Based Autonomic Computing Systems SO DATA PRIVACY MANAGEMENT AND AUTONOMOUS SPONTANEOUS SECURITY SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Data Privacy Management/3rd International Workshop on Autonomous and Spontaneous Security CY SEP 23, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE DE Trust management; autonomic computing systems; reputation; mobile agent; DualTrust AB For autonomic computing systems that utilize mobile agents and ant colony algorithms for their sensor layer, trust management is important for the acceptance of the mobile agent sensors and to protect the system from malicious behavior by insiders and entities that have penetrated network defenses. This paper examines the trust relationships, evidence, and decisions in a representative system and finds that by monitoring the trustworthiness of the autonomic managers rather than the swarming sensors, the trust management problem becomes much more scalable and still serves to protect the swarm. We propose the DualTrust conceptual trust model. By addressing the autonomic manager's bi-directional primary relationships in the ACS architecture, Dual Trust is able to monitor the trustworthiness of the autonomic managers, protect the sensor swarm in a scalable manner, and provide global trust awareness for the orchestrating autonomic manager. C1 [Maiden, Wendy; Frincke, Deborah; Fink, Glenn] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Maiden, Wendy; Dionysiou, Ioanna; Frincke, Deborah; Bakken, David E.] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dionysiou, Ioanna] Univ Nicosia, Dept Comp Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Maiden, W (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wendy.maiden@pnl.gov; dionysiou.i@unic.ac.cy; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov; glenn.fink@pnl.gov; bakken@eecs.wsu.edu OI Fink, Glenn/0000-0001-5731-6514 FU Information and Infrastructure Integrity Initiative (I4); US Department of Energy [DEAC05-76RL01830]; National Science Foundation [CNS 05-24695]; Department of Energy [DE-OE00000973 (TCIPG), DE-OE00000321] FX Much of this research was funded through the Information and Infrastructure Integrity Initiative (I4), an internal (Laboratory Directed Research and Development) investment of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is managed for the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DEAC05-76RL01830. Dr. David Bakken and Dr. Ioanna Dionysiou were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CNS 05-24695 (CT-CS: Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid (TCIP)) and Department of Energy Award Numbers DE-OE00000973 (TCIPG) and DE-OE00000321 (GridSim). We appreciate the support of our sponsors. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19347-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6514 BP 188 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BWD35 UT WOS:000293616900014 ER PT J AU Johnson, TA Jorgensen, SW Dedrick, DE AF Johnson, Terry A. Jorgensen, Scott W. Dedrick, Daniel E. TI Performance of a full-scale hydrogen-storage tank based on complex hydrides SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article AB Designing and building a full scale hydrogen storage system revealed several engineering challenges and also demonstrated the capabilities of complex hydrides. Three kg of hydrogen was stored in a four module system using modified sodium alanate as the storage media. Extensive testing of this system demonstrated the ability to follow aggressive hydrogen demand schedules that simulate actual driving. Extensive use of detailed models greatly improved the design and eventual performance of the storage system; the test data permitted further refinement of the models. C1 [Johnson, Terry A.; Dedrick, Daniel E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Jorgensen, Scott W.] Gen Motors R&D 480 106 160, Warren, MI USA. RP Johnson, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA USA. EM tajohns@sandia.gov; scott.w.jorgensen@gm.com; dededri@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 151 BP 327 EP 352 DI 10.1039/c0fd00017e PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 802ND UT WOS:000293517400025 PM 22455079 ER PT S AU Colgan, J Pindzola, MS AF Colgan, J. Pindzola, M. S. BE Takahashi, M Ueda, K Okunishi, M Watanabe, N TI Electron-impact ionization of oriented molecules using the time-dependent close-coupling approach SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANY PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMS, MOLECULES, CLUSTERS AND SURFACES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Many Particle Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Surfaces CY SEP 04-07, 2010 CL Tohoku Univ, Sendai, JAPAN SP Morino Fdn Mol Sci, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Sendai Tourism & Convent Bur, Intelligent Cosmos Acad Fdn HO Tohoku Univ ID H-2; 2E AB An overview is given on recent progress on computing triple differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of the hydrogen molecule using a time-dependent close-coupling approach. Our calculations, when averaged over all molecular orientations, are generally in very good agreement with (e,2e) measurements made on H-2, where the molecular orientation is unknown, for a range of incident energies and outgoing electron angles and energies. In this paper, we present TDCS for ionization of H-2 at specific molecular orientations. It is hoped that this study will help stimulate future measurements of TDCS from oriented H-2 at medium impact energies. C1 [Colgan, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcolgan@lanl.gov OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 288 AR 012001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/288/1/012001 PG 227 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BWD33 UT WOS:000293615600001 ER PT J AU Kasem, MA Russo, RE Harith, MA AF Kasem, Mohamed A. Russo, Richard E. Harith, Mohamed Abdel TI Influence of biological degradation and environmental effects on the interpretation of archeological bone samples with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; DIAGENESIS; STRONTIUM; CALCIUM; TEETH; BARIUM; AGE AB Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged in the past decade as a very promising technique for the analysis and characterization of a broad variety of objects of cultural heritage especially bio-archeological samples such as calcified tissues namely teeth and bones. The most important advantages of LIBS from the archeological point of view are its quasi nondestructive nature and its potential for performing in situ measurements. In the present work human calcified tissue samples of recent and archeological bones have been studied via the LIBS technique. The old samples were from three different ancient Egyptian dynasties representing the middle kingdom (1980-1630 BC), the 2(nd) intermediate period (1630-1539/23 BC) and the pre-Roman period (664 BC). Elements normally used to study dietary habits such as strontium, barium, aluminium and lead were analyzed in the obtained LIBS spectra and the interferences of postmortem or diagenic effects due to the burial place were investigated via LIBS analysis of soil samples taken from the same locations where the archeological bones have been buried. The obtained results have demonstrated evidently that conclusions about dietary habits must take into account postmortem effects such as biological degradation and environmental leaching (especially from the surrounding soil). Study of CN and C(2) molecular bands in the obtained LIBS spectra of the bones revealed that these bands have strong intensities in recent bones spectra contrary to the archaeological ones. This is attributed to the degradation of the tissues and has been confirmed by following up calcium to phosphorus ratios in different bone samples. C1 [Kasem, Mohamed A.; Harith, Mohamed Abdel] Cairo Univ, NILES, Giza, Egypt. [Russo, Richard E.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Harith, MA (reprint author), Cairo Univ, NILES, Giza, Egypt. EM mharithm@niles.edu.eg NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1733 EP 1739 DI 10.1039/c1ja10057b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 808WY UT WOS:000294013900003 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DC AF Hoffman, Darleane C. TI Marie Sklodowska-Curie: teacher, mentor, research center founder, and "la Patronne" SO NUKLEONIKA LA English DT Article DE 1903 Physics Nobel Prize; 1911 Chemistry Nobel Prize; marriage of Maria Sklodowska and Pierre Curie 1895; polonium and radium discoveries 1898; 1906 death of Pierre Curie; Laboratory Director 1904-1934 AB This year (2011) marks the 100th Anniversary of the award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Marie Sklodowska-Curie for her discoveries of radium and polonium and her studies of their properties. The United Nations has proclaimed 2011 as the "International Year of Chemistry", partly in recognition of this 100th anniversary. A resolution of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland has also established 2011 as the Year of Maria Sklodowska-Curie. Marie Curie has been celebrated this year by a host of prestigious societies and in many countries all around the world for winning Nobel Prizes in both Physics (1903), for the discovery of radioactivity together with husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, and Chemistry (1911). She was the first woman to win Nobel Prizes in both Physics and Chemistry and the only one to date to win prizes in both physics and chemistry. Also remarkable was that after Pierre Curie's tragic and untimely death in 1906, she was put in charge of his lectures and laboratory, thus marking the first time in France that a woman occupied such a prestigious academic position, and opening the way for other women to follow. The current article will focus on some of the other notable accomplishments of Marie Curie that are not as commonly recognized, including her organizational and persuasive abilities, and her unique contributions as a teacher, mentor, research center founder, and laboratory "la Patronne". C1 [Hoffman, Darleane C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoffman, Darleane C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hoffman, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dchoffman@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY TECHNOLOGY PI WARSAW PA DORODNA 16 STR, 03-195 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0029-5922 J9 NUKLEONIKA JI Nukleonika PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 SI SI BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Physics, Nuclear SC Chemistry; Physics GA 809CY UT WOS:000294030600001 ER PT J AU Yun, K Cho, H Luck, R Mago, PJ AF Yun, K. Cho, H. Luck, R. Mago, P. J. TI Real-time combined heat and power operational strategy using a hierarchical optimization algorithm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE combined heat and power; real-time optimization; optimization algorithm ID OPTIMAL SCHEDULING CONTROL; COST PENALTIES; SYSTEMS AB Existing attempts to optimize the operation of combined heat and power (CHP) systems for building applications have two major limitations: the electrical and thermal loads are obtained from historical weather profiles; and the CHP system models ignore transient responses by using constant equipment efficiencies. This article considers the transient response of a building combined with a hierarchical CHP optimal control algorithm to obtain a real-time integrated system that uses the most recent weather and electric load information. This is accomplished by running concurrent simulations of two transient building models. The first transient building model uses current as well as forecast input information to obtain short-term predictions of the thermal and electric building loads. The predictions are then used by an optimization algorithm (i.e. a hierarchical controller that decides the amount of fuel and of electrical energy to be allocated at the current time step). In a simulation, the actual physical building is not available and, hence, to simulate a real-time environment, a second, building model with similar but not identical input loads are used to represent the actual building. A state-variable feedback loop is completed at the beginning of each time step by copying (i.e. measuring, the state variable from the actual building and restarting the predictive model using these 'measured' values as initial conditions). The simulation environment presented in this article features non-linear effects such as the dependence of the heat exchanger effectiveness on their operating conditions. The results indicate that the CHP engine operation dictated by the proposed hierarchical controller with uncertain weather conditions has the potential to yield significant savings when compared with conventional systems using current values of electricity and fuel prices. C1 [Yun, K.; Luck, R.; Mago, P. J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cho, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yun, K (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 210 Carpenter Engn Bldg,POB ME, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ky57@msstate.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0957-6509 J9 P I MECH ENG A-J POW JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy PY 2011 VL 225 IS A4 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1177/2041296710394287 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 808ST UT WOS:000293999400003 ER PT J AU Gao, Z Chakravarthy, VK Daw, CS AF Gao, Z. Chakravarthy, V. K. Daw, C. S. TI Comparisons of the simulated emissions and fuel efficiencies of diesel and gasoline hybrid electric vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lean nitrogen oxide trap; three-way catalyst; emissions; fuel penalty; simulation; hybrid electric vehicle ID ENGINE; TEMPERATURE; CONVERTERS AB This paper presents results from gasoline- and diesel-powered hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that account for the interaction of drive cycle transients and engine start-stop events with after-treatment devices and their associated fuel penalties. These simulations were conducted using the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit software combined with after-treatment component models developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The present authors employed a three-way catalyst model for gasoline emissions control and a lean nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) trap model to simulate diesel exhaust NO(x) reduction. A previously reported methodology based on experimentally calibrated corrections to steady state maps was used to simulate engine-out emissions and thermal variations. As expected, the simulations indicate a higher baseline fuel efficiency for diesel-powered hybrid vehicles, but this advantage is reduced by about a third for both HEVs and PHEVs when the fuel penalty for the lean NO(x) trap is included. These preliminary studies demonstrate that existing engine and exhaust systems models can capture important features of the highly transient engine operation in hybrid vehicles and can provide useful comparisons between advanced hybrid vehicle engine options. C1 [Gao, Z.; Chakravarthy, V. K.; Daw, C. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6472, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gaoz@ornl.gov OI Gao, Zhiming/0000-0002-7139-7995 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Government FX The authors would like to thank L. Slezak and the US Department of Energy for funding support for this research. Special appreciation also goes to P. Laing of the Ford Company for help with the TWC validation. The authors are also grateful to C. Finney, T. Laclair, J. Parks, R. Wagner, and B. West at ORNL, who contributed helpful suggestions and insights. Thanks are also owed to the reviewers for their time and helpful comments.; This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this submission for publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains, a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide licence to publish or reproduce the published form of this submission, or to allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PY 2011 VL 225 IS D7 BP 944 EP 959 DI 10.1177/0954407011403231 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 807JO UT WOS:000293893300007 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI A Search for Muon Neutrino to Electron Neutrino Oscillations in the MINOS Experiment Introduction SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_1 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000001 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Neutrino Physics SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BETA-DECAY; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; WEAK INTERACTIONS; SOLAR NEUTRINOS; STANDARD MODEL; MASS; SEARCH; CONSERVATION; OSCILLATIONS; SYMMETRIES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 5 EP 37 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0 PG 33 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000002 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI The MINOS Experiment SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVENT GENERATOR; FAR DETECTOR; PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; BEAM C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 39 EP 66 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0 PG 28 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000003 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Measuring theta(13) in MINOS SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_4 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000004 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI A Novel Approach for Selecting v(e) CC Events SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 85 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_5 PG 31 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000005 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Measuring the Backgrounds in the Near Detector SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 117 EP 142 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000006 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Predicting the Far Detector Rates SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 143 EP 161 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000007 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Systematic Errors and theta(13) Sensitivity SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERATOR C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 163 EP 194 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0 PG 32 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000008 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Far Detector Data Analysiis and v(e) Appearance Results SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 195 EP 220 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_9 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000009 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Pushing the Neutrino Frontier SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 221 EP 240 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0_10 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000010 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Tuning the MINOS Veto Shield SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 241 EP 253 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000011 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Some Technical Aspects of LEM SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000012 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI A Measurement of Beam v(e)'s with Antineutrinos SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 267 EP 279 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000013 ER PT S AU Ochoa-Ricoux, JP AF Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro BA OchoaRicoux, JP BF OchoaRicoux, JP TI Feldman-Cousins Framework for the v mu -> v(e) Oscillations Analysis SO SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINO TO ELECTRON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN THE MINOS EXPERIMENT SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ochoa-Ricoux, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 50A2161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpochoa@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7948-3 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 281 EP 292 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7949-0 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVL79 UT WOS:000291831000014 ER PT S AU Parish, CM AF Parish, Chad M. BE Hawkes, PW TI Multivariate Statistics Applications in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy X-Ray Spectrum Imaging SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 168 SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SILICON DRIFT DETECTOR; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTRA; PLZT THIN-FILMS; CURVE RESOLUTION; TOF-SIMS; ZETA-FACTOR; HYPHENATED CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; FEASIBLE SOLUTIONS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parish, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013; OI Parish, Chad/0000-0003-1209-7439 NR 112 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-385983-9 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2011 VL 168 BP 249 EP 295 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385983-9.00005-3 PG 47 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BWG87 UT WOS:000293861800005 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Silicon Nitride Ceramics SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERGRANULAR FILM THICKNESS; IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURAL DESIGN; EQUILIBRIUM THICKNESS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; STRENGTH RETENTION C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200001 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Theoretical Methods and Approximations SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRON-GAS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; EXCHANGE; ACCURATE; SPECTRA; SURFACE; STATE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200002 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Overview of Experimental Tools SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; SPHERICAL-ABERRATION CORRECTOR; RESOLUTION; STEM; CRYSTALS; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DEFECTS; SILICON C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov; walkosz@anl.gov NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 23 EP 43 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 21 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200003 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Structural Energetics of beta-Si3N4(10(1)over-bar0) Surfaces SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENERGY C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 45 EP 65 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 21 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200004 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Atomic-Resolution Study of the Interfacial Bonding at Si3N4/CeO2-delta Grain Boundaries SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILICON-NITRIDE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov; walkosz@anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200005 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Atomic-Resolution Study of beta-Si3N4/SiO2 Interfaces SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov; walkosz@anl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200006 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Imaging Bulk alpha-Si3N4 SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILICON-NITRIDE; POWDERS; PHASE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov; walkosz@anl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200007 ER PT S AU Walkosz, W AF Walkosz, Weronika BA Walkosz, W BF Walkosz, W TI Conclusions and Future Work SO ATOMIC SCALE CHARACTERIZATION AND FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDIES OF SI3N4 INTERFACES SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SILICON-NITRIDE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walkosz, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walkosz@anl.gov; walkosz@anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-1-4419-7816-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7817-2 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUU75 UT WOS:000290412200008 ER PT S AU Tavara, L Mantic, V Salvadori, A Gray, LJ Paris, F AF Tavara, Luis Mantic, Vladislav Salvadori, Alberto Gray, Leonard J. Paris, Federico BE Aliabadi, MH Cisilino, A TI SGBEM for cohesive cracks in homogeneous media SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN FRACTURE MECHANICS SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cohesive crack model; crack growth; Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method; Arc-length method ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; FRICTIONAL CONTACT; FORMULATION; ELASTICITY; MODEL AB In this paper, the Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method for Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics is extended to non-linear cohesive cracks propagating through homogeneous linear elastic isotropic media. The cohesive model adopted is based on the concept of free energy density per unit undeformed area. The corresponding constitutive cohesive equations present a softening branch which induces a potential instability. Thus, a suitable solution algorithm capable of following the growth of the cohesive zone is needed, and in the present work the numerical simulation is controlled by an arc-length method combined with a Newton-Raphson algorithm for the iterative solution of nonlinear equations. The Boundary Element Method is very attractive for modeling cohesive crack problems as all nonlinearities are located on the boundaries of linear elastic domains. Moreover a Galerkin approximation scheme, applied to a suitable symmetric boundary integral equation formulation, ensures an easy and efficient treatment of cracks in homogeneous media and an excellent convergence behavior of the numerical solution. The cohesive zone model is applied to simulate a pure mode I crack propagation in concrete. Numerical results for three-point bending test are used to check the numerical results for mode I and are compared with some numerical results obtained by FEM analysis found in the literature. C1 [Tavara, Luis; Mantic, Vladislav; Paris, Federico] Univ Seville, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn, Seville 41092, Spain. [Salvadori, Alberto] Univ Brescia, Dept Civil Engn, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. [Salvadori, Alberto; Gray, Leonard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tavara, L (reprint author), Univ Seville, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn, Camino Descubrimientos S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. EM ltavara@esi.us.es; mantic@esi.us.es; alberto@ing.unibs.it; graylj1@ornl.gov; paris@esi.us.es RI Tavara, Luis/K-1734-2014; Mantic, Vladislav/G-1111-2010 OI Tavara, Luis/0000-0001-6825-4099; Mantic, Vladislav/0000-0002-7569-7442 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2011 VL 454 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.454.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BTM54 UT WOS:000287332900001 ER PT S AU Phan, AV Gray, LJ Salvadori, A AF Phan, A. -V. Gray, L. J. Salvadori, A. BE Aliabadi, MH Cisilino, A TI Symmetric-Galerkin boundary element transient analysis of the DSIFs for the interaction of a crack with a circular inclusion SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN FRACTURE MECHANICS SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE symmetric-Galerkin boundary element method; elastodynamics; crack-inclusion interaction; dynamic stress intensity factors; transient responses ID DYNAMIC FRACTURE-ANALYSIS; STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; PENNY-SHAPED CRACK; TIME-DOMAIN BEM; HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS; COMPUTATION AB A dynamic analysis of crack-inclusion interaction is described in this paper. The analysis employs a two-dimensional symmetric-Galerkin boundary integral formulation for multidomain elastodynamic fracture analysis in the frequency domain. The multi-domain technique is based on the assumption of perfectly bonded inclusions. The numerical implementation of this boundary integral formulation is carried out with standard quadratic elements, allowing the use of an improved quarter-point element for accurately determining frequency responses of the dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs). To deal with singular and hypersingular integrals, the formulation is decomposed into two parts: the first part is identical to that for elastostatics while the second part contains at most logarithmic singularities. The treatment of the elastostatic singular and hypersingular singular integrals employs an exterior limit to the boundary, while the weakly singular integrals in the second part are handled by Gauss quadrature. Time histories (transient responses) of the DSIFs are obtained in a post-processing step by applying the standard fast Fourier transform algorithm to the frequency responses of these DSIFs. Two numerical examples are presented for the computation of the DSIFs due to crack-inclusion interaction under two types of impact loading: Heaviside step loading and blast loading. The numerical results are consistent and confirm the well known crack tip shielding mechanism observed during the interaction between a, crack and a much stiffer inclusion. C1 [Phan, A. -V.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Gray, L. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSM Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Salvadori, A.] Univ Brescia, DICATA, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. RP Phan, AV (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM vphan@jaguar1.usouthal.edu; graylj1@ornl.gov; alberto.salvadori@ing.unibs.it NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2011 VL 454 BP 79 EP 96 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.454.79 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BTM54 UT WOS:000287332900005 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Understanding Software Architecture SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600001 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Introducing the Case Study SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600002 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Software Quality Attributes SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600003 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI An Introduction to Middleware Architectures and Technologies SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 39 EP 63 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600004 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Service-Oriented Architectures and Technologies SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600005 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Advanced Middleware Technologies SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600006 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI A Software Architecture Process SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 97 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600007 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Documenting a Software Architecture SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600008 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Case Study Design SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600009 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Middleware Case Study: MeDICi SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 147 EP 164 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600010 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Looking Forward SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600011 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI The Semantic Web SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600012 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Aspect Oriented Architectures SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 185 EP 199 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_13 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600013 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Model-Driven Architecture SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600014 ER PT B AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian BA Gorton, I BF Gorton, I TI Software Product Lines SO ESSENTIAL SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-19175-6 PY 2011 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19176-3 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVG18 UT WOS:000291452600015 ER PT J AU Bacon, D Pierce, E AF Bacon, D. Pierce, E. BE Ojovan, MI TI Development of long-term behavior models for radioactive waste forms SO HANDBOOK OF ADVANCED RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE model; simulation; performance assessment; corrosion; source term; glass; metal; steam reformer; cement; cast stone; Monte-Carlo ID CHLORIDE PERMEABILITY TEST; GLASS DISSOLUTION; PORTLAND-CEMENT; STRUCTURAL CONCRETE; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; BOROSILICATE GLASS; CORROSION; KINETICS; PERFORMANCE; DISPOSAL AB The long-term performance of solid radioactive waste is measured by the release rate of radionuclides into the environment, which depends on corrosion or weathering rates of the solid waste form. The reactions involved depend on the characteristics of the solid matrix containing the radioactive waste, the radionuclides of interest, and their interaction with surrounding geologic materials. This chapter describes thermo-hydro-mechanical and reactive transport models related to the long-term performance of solid radioactive waste forms, including metal, ceramic, glass, steam reformer and cement. Future trends involving Monte-Carlo simulations and coupled/multi-scale process modeling are also discussed. C1 [Bacon, D.; Pierce, E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bacon, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Diana.Bacon@pnl.gov RI Pierce, Eric/G-1615-2011 OI Pierce, Eric/0000-0002-4951-1931 NR 82 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-626-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 12 BP 433 EP 454 D2 10.1533/9780857090959 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR13 UT WOS:000292502500014 ER PT S AU Fernandez-Martinez, JL Garcia-Gonzalo, E AF Fernandez-Martinez, J. L. Garcia-Gonzalo, E. BE Panigrahi, BK Shi, YH Lim, MH TI What Makes Particle Swarm Optimization a Very Interesting and Powerful Algorithm? SO HANDBOOK OF SWARM INTELLIGENCE: CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE Adaptation Learning and Optimization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE particle swarm; PSO continuous model; GPSO; CC-GPSO; CP-GPSO; stochastic stability analysis; convergence ID CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS; PARAMETER SELECTION; STABILITY AB Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary computational technique used for optimization motivated by the social behavior of individuals in large groups in nature. Different approaches have been used to understand how this algorithm works and trying to improve its convergence properties for different kind of problems. These approaches go from heuristic to mathematical analysis, passing through numerical experimentation. Although the scientific community has been able to solve a big variety of engineering problems, the tuning of the PSO parameters still remains one of its major drawbacks. This chapter reviews the methodology developed within our research group over the last three years, which is based in adopting a completely different approach than those followed by most of the researchers in this field. By trying to avoid heuristics we proved that PSO can be physically interpreted as a particular discretization of a, stochastic damped mass-spring system. Knowledge of this analogy has been crucial in deriving the PSO continuous model and to deduce a family of PSO members with different properties with regard to their exploitation/exploration.balance: the generalized PSO (GPSO), the CC-PSO (centered PSO), CP-PSO (centered-progressive PSO), PP-PSO (progressive-progressive PSO) and RR-PSO (regressive-regressive PSO). Using the theory of stochastic differential and difference equations, we fully characterize the stability behavior of these algorithms. For well posed problems, a sufficient condition to achieve convergence is to select the PSO parameters close to the upper limit of second order stability. This result is also confirmed by numerical experimentation for different benchmark functions having an increasing degree of numerical difficulties. We also address how the discrete GPSO version (stability regions and trajectories) approaches the continuous PSO model as the time step decreases to zero. Finally, in the context of inverse problems, we address the question of how to select the appropriate PSO version: CP-PSO is the most explorative version and should be selected when we want to perform sampling of the posterior distribution of the inverse model parameters. Conversely, CC-PSO and GPSO provide higher convergence rates. Based on the analysis shown in this chapter, we can affirm that the PSO optimizers are not heuristic algorithms since there exist mathematical results that can be used to explain their consistency/convergence. C1 [Fernandez-Martinez, J. L.] Stanford Univ, Energy Resources Dept, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Fernandez-Martinez, J. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fernandez-Martinez, J. L.; Garcia-Gonzalo, E.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Math, Oviedo, Spain. RP Fernandez-Martinez, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Energy Resources Dept, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM jlfm@uniovi.es; espe@uniovi.es NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1867-4534 BN 978-3-642-17389-9 J9 ADAPT LEARN OPTIM PY 2011 VL 8 BP 37 EP 65 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BTK86 UT WOS:000287183500002 ER PT S AU Dimitrovski, A Tomsovic, K Vaccaro, A AF Dimitrovski, A. Tomsovic, K. Vaccaro, A. BE Anders, G Vaccaro, A TI Reliable Algorithms for Power Flow Analysis in the Presence of Data Uncertainties SO INNOVATIONS IN POWER SYSTEMS RELIABILITY SE Springer Series in Reliability Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dimitrovski, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, ETSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tomsovic, K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Vaccaro, A.] Univ Sannio, Dept Engn, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. RP Dimitrovski, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, ETSD, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dimitrovskia@ornl.gov; tomsovic@tennessee.edu; vaccaro@unisannio.it; vaccaro@unisannio.it NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1614-7839 BN 978-0-85729-087-8 J9 SPRINGER SER RELIAB PY 2011 BP 329 EP 357 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-088-5_10 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-088-5 PG 29 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BTX10 UT WOS:000288350800010 ER PT B AU Grell, G Fast, J Gustafson, WI Peckham, SE McKeen, S Salzmann, M Freitas, S AF Grell, Georg Fast, Jerome Gustafson, William I., Jr. Peckham, Steven E. McKeen, Stuart Salzmann, Marc Freitas, Saulo BE Baklanov, A Mahura, A Sokhi, RS TI On-Line Chemistry Within WRF: Description and Evaluation of a State-of-the-Art Multiscale Air Quality and Weather Prediction Model SO INTEGRATED SYSTEMS OF MESO-METEOROLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DEPOSITION; MECHANISM; PARAMETERIZATION; RESOLUTION; ENSEMBLE; SCHEMES; SYSTEMS; CLOUDS; OZONE C1 [Grell, Georg; Peckham, Steven E.; McKeen, Stuart] NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fast, Jerome; Gustafson, William I., Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Salzmann, Marc] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Freitas, Saulo] Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. RP Grell, G (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Georg.A.Grell@noaa.gov; jerome.fast@pnl.gov; william.gustafson@pnl.gov; steven.peckham@noaa.gov; stuart.a.mckeen@noaa.gov; Marc.Salzmann@noaa.gov; saulo.freitas@cptec.inpe.br RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-13979-6 PY 2011 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13980-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13980-2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BTJ02 UT WOS:000287049400003 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Investigations of Field Dynamics in Laser Plasmas with Proton Imaging Introduction SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GENERATION; BEAMS; ACCELERATION; CONTRAST C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200001 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Ultra Short and Intense Laser Pulses SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; SELF-COMPRESSION; VACUUM; GENERATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200002 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Plasma Physics SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LASER-PULSES; 5 FS; OPTICS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200003 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Ion Acceleration SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; SHORT-PULSE LASER; SOLID TARGETS; PROTON ACCELERATION; ULTRAHIGH INTENSITY; ELECTRON PRODUCTION; PLASMA INTERACTION; HOT-ELECTRONS; ABSORPTION; GENERATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200004 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Laser System SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200005 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Proton and Ion Spectra SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACCELERATION; DIAGNOSTICS; BEAMS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200006 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Beam Emittance SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200007 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Virtual Source Dynamics SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROTON-BEAMS; LASER; DRIVEN; SOLIDS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200008 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Principle of Proton Imaging SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIOGRAPHY; DRIVEN; BEAMS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200009 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Imaging Plasmas of Irradiated Foils SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LASER-PULSES; ELECTRON; TARGETS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200010 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Mass-Limited Targets SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LASER-SOLID INTERACTIONS; ION-ACCELERATION; WATER DROPLETS; DRIVEN; PLASMA; GENERATION; PULSES; BEAMS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200011 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Streak Deflectometry SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LASER; ELECTRON; BEAMS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200012 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Summary and Outlook SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_13 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200013 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Zernike Polynomials SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 111 EP 112 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200014 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T AF Sokollik, Thomas BA Sokollik, T BF Sokollik, T TI Gated MCPs SO INVESTIGATIONS OF FIELD DYNAMICS IN LASER PLASMAS WITH PROTON IMAGING SE Springer Theses-Recognizing Outstanding PhD Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokollik, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71R0259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TSokollik@lbl.gov; TSokollik@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5053 BN 978-3-642-15039-5 J9 SPRINGER THESES-RECO PY 2011 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-15040-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BTJ13 UT WOS:000287051200015 ER PT S AU Jia, Y Ozer, MM Weitering, HH Zhang, Z AF Jia, Y. Oezer, M. M. Weitering, H. H. Zhang, Z. BE Michailov, M TI Quantum Size Effects in the Growth and Properties of Ultrathin Metal Films, Alloys, and Related Low-Dimensional Structures SO NANOPHENOMENA AT SURFACES: FUNDAMENTALS OF EXOTIC CONDENSED MATTER PROPERTIES SE Springer Series in Surface Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BY-LAYER GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; WELL STATES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-DENSITY; PB FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SURFACES; TEMPERATURE; LEAD AB This chapter addresses the quantum mechanical nature of the formation, stability, and properties of ultrathin metal films, metallic alloys, and related low-dimensional structures, with Pb as a primary elemental example. The emphasis is on the contribution to the overall energetics from the electronic degrees of freedom of the low-dimensional systems. As a metal film reduces its thickness, the competition between quantum confinement, charge spilling, and Friedel oscillations, all of electronic origin, can dictate whether an atomically smooth film is marginally, critically, or magically stable or unstable against roughening during the growth of such metal films. The "electronic growth" mode as emphasized here serves as an intriguing addition to the three well-established classic modes of crystal growth. In exploring electronic growth, Pb(111) films represent a particularly compelling example, not only because their stability exhibits unusually strong quantum oscillations but also because their physical and chemical properties can be tuned with great precision by controlling the film thickness or the chemical composition. Recent advances and the perpectives in this active area of film growth will be reviewed, with results from both theoretical and experimental studies. C1 [Jia, Y.] Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, Peoples R China. [Jia, Y.; Oezer, M. M.; Weitering, H. H.; Zhang, Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Oezer, M. M.; Weitering, H. H.; Zhang, Z.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhang, Z.] Univ Sci & Technol China, ICQD, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, Peoples R China. EM jiayu@zzu.edu.cn; mozer@utk.edu; hanno@utk.edu; zhangz@ornl.gov NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-5195 BN 978-3-642-16509-2 J9 SPRINGER SER SURF SC PY 2011 VL 47 BP 67 EP 112 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16510-8_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16510-8 PG 46 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BUL75 UT WOS:000289753000004 ER PT S AU Allen, JD Yuan, JB Liu, XW Rahmes, M AF Allen, Josef D. Yuan, Jiangbo Liu, Xiuwen Rahmes, Mark BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI A COMPRESSED SENSING METHOD WITH ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR LIDAR FEATURE CLASSIFICATION SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XXII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Compressed Sensing; Sparsity; Data Dictionary; LiDAR; ROC; K-Means; Clustering; K-SVD; Orthogonal Matching Pursuit AB We present an innovative way to autonomously classify LiDAR points into bare earth, building, vegetation, and other categories. One desirable product of LiDAR data is the automatic classification of the points in the scene. Our algorithm automatically classifies scene points using Compressed Sensing Methods via Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithms utilizing a generalized K-Means clustering algorithm to extract buildings and foliage from a Digital Surface Models (DSM). This technology reduces manual editing while being cost effective for large scale automated global scene modeling. Quantitative analyses are provided using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves to show Probability of Detection and False Alarm of buildings vs. vegetation classification. Histograms are shown with sample size metrics. Our inpainting algorithms then fill the voids where buildings and vegetation were removed, utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and Partial Differential Equations (PDE) to create an accurate Digital Terrain Model (DTM) [6]. Inpainting preserves building height contour consistency and edge sharpness of identified inpainted regions. Qualitative results illustrate other benefits such as Terrain Inpainting's unique ability to minimize or eliminate undesirable terrain data artifacts. C1 [Allen, Josef D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allen, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM allenjd@ornl.gov; jyuan@cs.fsu.edu; liux@cs.fsu.edu; mrahmes@harris.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-629-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8055 AR 80550G DI 10.1117/12.884370 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BWE41 UT WOS:000293738500014 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS AF Jiang, Chun-Sheng BE Bhushan, B TI Microscopic Electrical Characterization of Inorganic Semiconductor-Based Solar Cell Materials and Devices Using AFM-Based Techniques SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY IN NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOL 2 SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCANNING CAPACITANCE MICROSCOPY; CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; KELVIN PROBE MICROSCOPY; DOPED MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; CONDUCTION-BAND OFFSET; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based microscopic electrical techniques provide new insights into the characterization of electronic devices, which is useful for understanding device physics and improving device performance. This chapter introduces the fundamentals of some major AFM-based electrical techniques, including scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM), and conductive AFM (C-AFM), and reviews some recent characterization studies on inorganic semiconductor solar cell materials and devices. A potential measurement on junctions of solar cells presents SKPFM as a powerful tool for two-dimensional junction location identification by direct electrical measurement. The potential measurement further reveals electrical field distributions under bias voltages that relate to the defects on the junctions. Grain boundaries (GBs) of polycrystalline thin-film materials are characterized by measuring carrier depletion or band bending using SCM and SKPFM, which provide the measurements of individual GBs and are thus able to correlate the GB electrical properties directly to the GB structure. Structural and electrical properties of a-Si:H and nc-Si:H thin films and devices are also characterized through a prototype structure of a-Si:H and nc-Si:H mixed phase. Localized electrical properties on the nc-Si:H phase, and phosphorus and boron doping effects on the film structure are reviewed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Chun.sheng.jiang@nrel.gov NR 152 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-642-10496-1 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2011 BP 723 EP 790 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10497-8_24 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10497-8 PG 68 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Microscopy; Physics GA BUM06 UT WOS:000289757500024 ER PT B AU Widmayer, P Anderegg, L Eidenbenz, S Peeters, L AF Widmayer, Peter Anderegg, Luzi Eidenbenz, Stephan Peeters, Leon BE Nikoletseas, S Rolim, JDP TI Optimal Placement of Ad Hoc Devices Under a VCG-Style Routing Protocol SO THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Motivated by a routing protocol with VCG-style payments, we investigate the combinatorial problem of placing new devices in an ad hoc network such that the resulting shortest path transmission costs, defined as sums of squared Euclidean distances, are minimum. For the cases of only one new device and of one communication request with multiple devices with identical transmission ranges, we provide polynomial-time algorithms. On the negative side, we show that even for a single communication request, placing multiple new devices with different transmission ranges is NP-hard. For identical transmission ranges, the placement of multiple new devices is NP-hard under multiple communication requests. C1 [Widmayer, Peter; Anderegg, Luzi; Peeters, Leon] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Widmayer, P (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM widmayer@inf.ethz.ch; anderegg@inf.ethz.ch; eidenben@lanl.gov; peeters@inf.ethz.ch NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-14848-4 PY 2011 BP 85 EP 107 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14849-1_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-14849-1 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUL14 UT WOS:000289711200004 ER PT S AU Azad, AK Chen, HT Taylor, AJ Zhang, WL O'Hara, JF AF Azad, Abul K. Chen, Hou-Tong Taylor, Antoinette J. Zhang, Weili O'Hara, John F. BE Tsen, KT Song, JJ Betz, M Elezzabi, AY TI Ultrafast Optical Control of Terahertz Surface Plasmons in Subwavelength Hole-Arrays at Room Temperature SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND NANOSTRUCTURE MATERIALS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructure Materials XV CY JAN 23-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID ENHANCED TRANSMISSION; NANOISLAND SUPERLATTICES; PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; APERTURES; RADIATION; CRYSTAL; METAMATERIALS; RESONANCES; MODULATOR; METALS AB Extraordinary optical transmission through subwavelength metallic hole-arrays has been an active research area since its first demonstration. The frequency selective resonance properties of subwavelength metallic hole arrays, generally known as surface plasmon polaritons, have potential use in functional plasmonic devices such as filters, modulators, switches, etc. Such plasmonic devices are also very promising for future terahertz applications. Ultrafast switching or modulation of the resonant behavior of the 2-D metallic arrays in terahertz frequencies is of particular interest for high speed communication and sensing applications. In this paper, we demonstrate ultrafast optical control of surface plasmon enhanced resonant terahertz transmission in two-dimensional subwavelength metallic hole arrays fabricated on gallium arsenide based substrates. Optically pumping the arrays creates a thin conductive layer in the substrate reducing the terahertz transmission amplitude of both the resonant mode and the direct transmission. Under low optical fluence, the terahertz transmission is more greatly affected by resonance damping than by propagation loss in the substrate. An ErAs:GaAs nanoisland superlattice substrate is shown to allow ultrafast control with a switching recovery time of similar to 10 ps. We also present resonant terahertz transmission in a hybrid plasmonic film comprised of an integrated array of subwavelength metallic islands and semiconductor hole arrays. Optically pumping the semiconductor hole arrays favors excitation of surface plasmon resonance. A large dynamic transition between a dipolar localized surface plasmon mode and a surface plasmon resonance near 0.8 THz is observed under near infrared optical excitation. The reversal in transmission amplitude from a stop-band to a pass-band and up to pi/2 phase shift achieved in the hybrid plasmonic film make it promising in large dynamic phase modulation, optical changeover switching, and active terahertz plasmonics. C1 [Azad, Abul K.; Chen, Hou-Tong; Taylor, Antoinette J.; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Azad, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aazad@lanl.gov OI Azad, Abul/0000-0002-7784-7432; Chen, Hou-Tong/0000-0003-2014-7571 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8474-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7937 AR 79370B DI 10.1117/12.873488 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BWD60 UT WOS:000293630900007 ER PT S AU Geib, KM Serkland, DK Peake, GM Sanchez, VM AF Geib, Kent. M. Serkland, Darwin K. Peake, Gregory M. Sanchez, Victoria M. BE Guenter, JK Lei, C TI Feedback in close-coupled axial VCSEL-photodiode pairs SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XV CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; heterointegration; optical feedback; resonant-cavity photodiode; optical position detection; proximity sensing ID LASERS AB We have been investigating the use of coaxial multimode VCSEL/PD (vertical cavity surface emitting laser/photodiode) pairs for positional sensing with emitter to target mirror distances on the order of 1mm. We have observed large variations in signal levels due to the strong optical feedback in these close-coupled systems, employing either heterogeneously integrated commercial components or our own monolithically integrated devices. The feedback effect is larger than anticipated due to the annular geometry of the photodetector. Even though there is very little change in the measured VCSEL total output power, the optical feedback induces variations in the transverse mode distributions in these multimode VCSELs. The higher order modes have a larger divergence angle resulting in changes in the reflected light power incident upon the active detector area for a large range of emitter/mirror separations. We will review the experimental details and provide strategies for avoiding these variations in detected power. C1 [Geib, Kent. M.; Serkland, Darwin K.; Peake, Gregory M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Geib, KM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kmgeib@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-489-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7952 AR 79520M DI 10.1117/12.872909 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BWE40 UT WOS:000293738100018 ER PT S AU Serkland, DK Geib, KM Keeler, GA Peake, GM AF Serkland, Darwin K. Geib, Kent M. Keeler, Gordon A. Peake, Gregory M. BE Guenter, JK Lei, C TI Fully micro-fabricated VECSEL at 850nm SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XV CY JAN 26-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; VECSEL; linewidth; spectroscopy; cesium AB We report the demonstration of a fully micro-fabricated vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) operating at wavelengths near 850 nm. The external-cavity length is on the order of 25 microns, and the external mirror is a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector with a radius of curvature of 130 microns that is micro-fabricated on top of the active semiconductor portion of the device. The additional cavity length, relative to a VCSEL, enables higher output power and narrower laser linewidth, and micro-fabrication of the external mirror preserves the manufacturing cost advantages of parallel lithographic alignment. C1 [Serkland, Darwin K.; Geib, Kent M.; Keeler, Gordon A.; Peake, Gregory M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serkland, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM DKSERKL@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-489-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7952 AR 79520L DI 10.1117/12.875700 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BWE40 UT WOS:000293738100017 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Datta, S Eichler, J Ivanova, N Axen, SD Kerfeld, CA Chen, F Kyrpides, N Hugenholtz, P Cheng, JF Sale, KL Simmons, B Rubin, E AF Zhang, Tao Datta, Supratim Eichler, Jerry Ivanova, Natalia Axen, Seth D. Kerfeld, Cheryl A. Chen, Feng Kyrpides, Nikos Hugenholtz, Philip Cheng, Jan-Fang Sale, Kenneth L. Simmons, Blake Rubin, Eddy TI Identification of a haloalkaliphilic and thermostable cellulase with improved ionic liquid tolerance SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HALOPHILIC MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; HALORHABDUS-UTAHENSIS; HALOFERAX-VOLCANII; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HALOARCULA-MARISMORTUI; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; SALT; BACTERIA; ENDOGLUCANASE; PRETREATMENT AB Some ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to be very effective solvents for biomass pretreatment. It is known that some ILs can have a strong inhibitory effect on fungal cellulases, making the digestion of cellulose inefficient in the presence of ILs. The identification of IL-tolerant enzymes that could be produced as a cellulase cocktail would reduce the costs and water use requirements of the IL pretreatment process. Due to their adaptation to high salinity environments, halophilic enzymes are hypothesized to be good candidates for screening and identifying IL-resistant cellulases. Using a genome-based approach, we have identified and characterized a halophilic cellulase (Hu-CBH1) from the halophilic archaeon, Halorhabdus utahensis. Hu-CBH1 is present in a gene cluster containing multiple putative cellulolytic enzymes. Sequence and theoretical structure analysis indicate that Hu-CBH1 is highly enriched with negatively charged acidic amino acids on the surface, which may form a solvation shell that may stabilize the enzyme, through interaction with salt ions and/or water molecules. Hu-CBH1 is a heat tolerant haloalkaliphilic cellulase and is active in salt concentrations up to 5 M NaCl. In high salt buffer, Hu-CBH1 can tolerate alkali (pH 11.5) conditions and, more importantly, is tolerant to high levels (20% w/w) of ILs, including 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl). Interestingly, the tolerances to heat, alkali and ILs are found to be salt-dependent, suggesting that the enzyme is stabilized by the presence of salt. Our results indicate that halophilic enzymes are good candidates for the screening of IL-tolerant cellulolytic enzymes. C1 [Zhang, Tao; Ivanova, Natalia; Axen, Seth D.; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.; Chen, Feng; Kyrpides, Nikos; Hugenholtz, Philip; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Rubin, Eddy] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Datta, Supratim; Hugenholtz, Philip; Sale, Kenneth L.; Simmons, Blake] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Eichler, Jerry] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] UC Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Hugenholtz, Philip] Univ Queensland, Australian Ctr Ecogenom, Sch Chem & Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Hugenholtz, Philip] Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM basimmo@sandia.gov; EMRubin@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; EICHLER, JERRY/F-2351-2012; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Israel Science Foundation [30/07] FX We thank Bonnie Baxter, Len Pennacchio, Rajat Sapra and Rcx Malmstrom for helpful suggestions and discussions, and Yukun (Kelvin) Zhang for critical reading of the manuscript. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. J.E. is supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant 30/07). NR 68 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 8 BP 2083 EP 2090 DI 10.1039/c1gc15193b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 802NM UT WOS:000293518300024 ER PT J AU Tseng, YC Peng, Q Ocola, LE Czaplewski, DA Elam, JW Darling, SB AF Tseng, Yu-Chih Peng, Qing Ocola, Leonidas E. Czaplewski, David A. Elam, Jeffrey W. Darling, Seth B. TI Enhanced polymeric lithography resists via sequential infiltration synthesis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; FILMS; NM AB Etch resistance of two commonly used lithography resists is increased significantly by sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). Exposing films to trimethyl-aluminum and water with long dosage times infiltrates the bulk of the film with alumina, which renders them dramatically more resistant to plasma etching with no degradation to the patterns. Enhanced etch resistance eliminates the need for an intermediate hard mask and the concomitant costs and pattern fidelity losses. Moreover, by allowing for thinner resist films, this approach can improve the final pattern resolution. C1 [Tseng, Yu-Chih; Ocola, Leonidas E.; Czaplewski, David A.; Darling, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Peng, Qing; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Darling, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov RI Tseng, Yu-Chih/G-4213-2011; peng, qing/I-2970-2013; peng, qing/G-6409-2016; OI Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0001785] FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was supported in part by the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001785. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 32 BP 11722 EP 11725 DI 10.1039/c1jm12461g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 802IY UT WOS:000293504500004 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Huang, YL Sawatdeenarunat, C Sung, SW Linx, VSY AF Kim, Sang-Hyoun Huang, Yulin Sawatdeenarunat, Chayanon Sung, Shihwu Linx, Victor S-Y. TI Selective sequestration of carboxylic acids from biomass fermentation by surface-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; METAL-IONS; ADSORPTION; CONDENSATION; BIOENERGY; REMOVAL; SYSTEM; MEDIA AB Carboxylic acids produced by acid fermentation have attracted much attention recently as promising chemical feedstock. The feasibility of the acid fermentation as a high-value added bioconversion process depends on the selective separation of carboxylic acids from the bulk solution. The authors synthesized an aminopropyl-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) material with the MCM-41 type, parallel channel porous structure via a co-condensation method. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed with an extended Langmuir model using an overloading term. The highest acid adsorption capacity was 3.38 mol kg(-1) for 1 : 1 complexation at an amine density of 3.14 mol N kg(-1). Positive isosteric heat showed the reaction was exothermic and favored at low temperature. Desorption/regeneration by increasing the pH to 10.5 was completed within 1 min, and the regenerated MSN showed an adsorption capacity equivalent to the original. MSN had a high selectivity for carboxylic acid over ethanol, glucose, and protein. The pseudo-second-order rate constant for acetic acid adsorption on MSN was 0.41 kg mol(-1) min, significantly higher than those of an anion exchange resin (0.14 kg mol(-1) min) and activated carbon (0.06 kg mol(-1) min). We envision that the MSN material could serve as an efficient adsorbent for selective sequestration of biomass-derived carboxylic acids for various applications. C1 [Kim, Sang-Hyoun; Sawatdeenarunat, Chayanon; Sung, Shihwu] Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huang, Yulin; Linx, Victor S-Y.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kim, Sang-Hyoun] Daegu Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Gyongsan 712714, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Sawatdeenarunat, Chayanon] Chiang Mai Univ, Energy Res & Dev Inst, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Sung, SW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sung@iastate.edu RI Sung, Shihwu/B-5710-2011 FU Iowa Energy Center (IEC), Ames, IA, USA [07-02] FX This study was supported by a research grant (Grant number 07-02) from Iowa Energy Center (IEC), Ames, IA, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 32 BP 12103 EP 12109 DI 10.1039/c1jm11299f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 802IY UT WOS:000293504500060 ER PT J AU McClean, JL Bader, DC Bryan, FO Maltrud, ME Dennis, JM Mirin, AA Jones, PW Kim, YY Ivanova, DP Vertenstein, M Boyle, JS Jacob, RL Norton, N Craig, A Worley, PH AF McClean, Julie L. Bader, David C. Bryan, Frank O. Maltrud, Mathew E. Dennis, John M. Mirin, Arthur A. Jones, Philip W. Kim, Yoo Yin Ivanova, Detelina P. Vertenstein, Mariana Boyle, James S. Jacob, Robert L. Norton, Nancy Craig, Anthony Worley, Patrick H. TI A prototype two-decade fully-coupled fine-resolution CCSM simulation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Numerical modeling; Atmospheric circulation; Ocean circulation; Ocean eddies; Tropical cyclones ID VOLUME DYNAMICAL CORE; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER EDDIES; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; IMPROVED REPRESENTATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; SEA-ICE; PART I AB A fully coupled global simulation using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) was configured using grid resolutions of 0.1 degrees for the ocean and sea-ice, and 0.25 degrees for the atmosphere and land, and was run under present-day greenhouse gas conditions for 20 years. It represents one of the first efforts to simulate the planetary system at such high horizontal resolution. The climatology of the circulation of the atmosphere and the upper ocean were compared with observational data and reanalysis products to identify persistent mean climate biases. Intensified and contracted polar vortices, and too cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the subpolar and mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere were the dominant biases produced by the model. Intense category 4 cyclones formed spontaneously in the tropical North Pacific. A case study of the ocean response to one such event shows the realistic formation of a cold SST wake, mixed layer deepening, and warming below the mixed layer. Too many tropical cyclones formed in the North Pacific however, due to too high SSTs in the tropical eastern Pacific. In the North Atlantic anomalously low SSTs lead to a dearth of hurricanes. Agulhas eddy pathways are more realistic than in equivalent stand-alone ocean simulations forced with atmospheric reanalysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McClean, Julie L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McClean, Julie L.; Bader, David C.; Mirin, Arthur A.; Ivanova, Detelina P.; Boyle, James S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bader, David C.; Worley, Patrick H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bryan, Frank O.; Dennis, John M.; Vertenstein, Mariana; Norton, Nancy; Craig, Anthony] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Maltrud, Mathew E.; Jones, Philip W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jacob, Robert L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McClean, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, 9500 Gilman Dr,0230, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jmcclean@ucsd.edu RI Bader, David/H-6189-2011; Bryan, Frank/I-1309-2016; OI Bader, David/0000-0003-3210-339X; Bryan, Frank/0000-0003-1672-8330; Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593 FU Office of Science (BER); US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Livermore, Oak Ridge, Argonne; Los Alamos National Laboratories [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NASA [1273575]; NCAR; [DE-FG02-05ER64119]; [DE-PS02-07ER0706] FX This work was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Livermore, Oak Ridge, Argonne, and Los Alamos National Laboratories under contracts DE-AC52-07NA27344 (A.A.M., D.C.B., D.P.I., J.S.B., J.L.M.), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (P.H.W., D.C.B), DE-AC02-06CH11357 (R.L.J.), DE-AC52-06NA25396 (P.W.J., M.E.M., and as an SIO subcontract: J.L.M. and Y.Y.K.), respectively and by grants DE-FG02-05ER64119 (J.L.M., Y.Y.K.), and DE-PS02-07ER0706 (J.M.D.). NASA contract 1273575 (via U. Maine) also supported J.L.M. and Y.Y.K. Participation of F.O.B., J.M.D., M.V., N.N., and A.N. were supported by the National Science Foundation through its sponsorship of NCAR. Computer time was provided by the Department of Energy as part of the Multiprogramatic and Institutional Initiative at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Altimeter products are from Ssalto/Duacs, Aviso and Cnes, ERA-40 reanalysis came from ECMWF and NCAR, and QuikSCAT winds are from the Scatterometer Climatology of Ocean Wind (SCOW) data set found at http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/scow/. NR 91 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 10 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.02.011 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 799YN UT WOS:000293323100003 ER PT J AU Fox-Kemper, B Danabasoglu, G Ferrari, R Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Holland, MM Maltrud, ME Peacock, S Samuels, BL AF Fox-Kemper, B. Danabasoglu, G. Ferrari, R. Griffies, S. M. Hallberg, R. W. Holland, M. M. Maltrud, M. E. Peacock, S. Samuels, B. L. TI Parameterization of mixed layer eddies. III: Implementation and impact in global ocean climate simulations SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Submesoscale; Parameterization; Mixed layer; Boundary layer; Climate model ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUBMESOSCALE TRANSITION; PART II; PLANKTON DYNAMICS; FINITE-VOLUME; EDDY FLUXES; MESOSCALE; FRONTS; RESTRATIFICATION AB A parameterization for the restratification by finite-amplitude, submesoscale, mixed layer eddies, formulated as an overturning streamfunction, has been recently proposed to approximate eddy fluxes of density and other tracers. Here, the technicalities of implementing the parameterization in the coarse-resolution ocean component of global climate models are made explicit, and the primary impacts on model solutions of implementing the parameterization are discussed. Three global ocean general circulation models including this parameterization are contrasted with control simulations lacking the parameterization. The MLE parameterization behaves as expected and fairly consistently in models differing in discretization, boundary layer mixing, resolution, and other parameterizations. The primary impact of the parameterization is a shoaling of the mixed layer, with the largest effect in polar winter regions. Secondary impacts include strengthening the Atlantic meridional overturning while reducing its variability, reducing CFC and tracer ventilation, modest changes to sea surface temperature and air-sea fluxes, and an apparent reduction of sea ice basal melting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox-Kemper, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fox-Kemper, B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Danabasoglu, G.; Holland, M. M.; Peacock, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ferrari, R.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Griffies, S. M.; Hallberg, R. W.; Samuels, B. L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Maltrud, M. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Fox-Kemper, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bfk@colorado.edu RI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013 OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048; Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956 NR 99 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.09.002 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 799YN UT WOS:000293323100006 ER PT J AU Ringler, T Gent, P AF Ringler, Todd Gent, Peter TI An eddy closure for potential vorticity SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Potential vorticity; Eddy-closure ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; GEOSTROPHIC EDDIES; INDUCED TRANSPORT; PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATIONS; CONSERVATION; FORMULATION; TURBULENCE; VELOCITY; FLUXES AB It is now over 40 years since a closure for the effects of mesoscale eddies in terms of Ertel potential vorticity was first proposed. The consequences of the closure that treats potential vorticity exactly the same as a passive tracer in isopycnal coordinates are explored in this paper. This leads to a momentum equation to predict the mean velocity. While the momentum equation is not unique due to the presence of an undefined potential function, the total energy equation is used to constrain its functional form. The inviscid form of the proposed eddy closure nearly conserves total energy: the error in conservation of total energy is proportional to the time derivative of the bolus velocity. The proposed eddy closure retains Kelvin's circulation theorem with mean potential vorticity conserved along particle trajectories following the transport (mean + bolus) velocity field. The relative vorticity component of the potential vorticity being diffused along isopycnals leads to terms that look like viscous stress, but these terms do not satisfy two important conditions of standard viscous closures. A numerical model based on this closure is developed, and idealized simulations in a re-entrant zonal channel are conducted to evaluate the merit of the proposed closure. When comparing various eddy closures to an eddy-resolving reference solution, the closure that both transports and diffuses potential vorticity performs marginally better than its peers, particularly with respect to the core zonal jet structure and position. However, these favorable results are obtained only if a potential vorticity diffusion coefficient is used that is smaller than the coefficient used to compute the bolus velocity. Based on these results, we conjecture that extending eddy-closures to include potential vorticity dynamics is possible, but will require the use of a closure parameter that varies temporally and spatially. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ringler, Todd] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gent, Peter] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Ringler, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ringler@lanl.gov FU DOE Office of Science [DOE 07SCPF152]; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank John Dukowicz, Baylor Fox-Kemper and Matthew Hecht for comments on an early draft of this paper. David Marshall and Geoff Vallis provided many very relevant review comments, which greatly improved the presentation and completeness of the final version. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Science's Climate Change Prediction Program DOE 07SCPF152. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.02.003 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 799YN UT WOS:000293323100010 ER PT J AU Brandic, I Raicu, I AF Brandic, Ivona Raicu, Ioan TI Special issue on Science-Driven Cloud Computing SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brandic, Ivona] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Informat Syst, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Raicu, Ioan] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Raicu, Ioan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brandic, I (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Informat Syst, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM ivona@infosys.tuwien.ac.at RI zong, fico/H-4677-2011; OI Brandic, Ivona/0000-0001-7424-0208 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.3233/SPR-2011-0326 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 801PY UT WOS:000293453800001 ER PT J AU Jackson, KR Muriki, K Ramakrishnan, L Runge, KJ Thomas, RC AF Jackson, Keith R. Muriki, Krishna Ramakrishnan, Lavanya Runge, Karl J. Thomas, Rollin C. TI Performance and cost analysis of the Supernova factory on the Amazon AWS cloud SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Cloud computing; AWS cloud; Supernova factory AB Today, our picture of the Universe radically differs from that of just over a decade ago. We now know that the Universe is not only expanding as Hubble discovered in 1929, but that the rate of expansion is accelerating, propelled by mysterious new physics dubbed "Dark Energy". This revolutionary discovery was made by comparing the brightness of nearby Type Ia supernovae (which exploded in the past billion years) to that of much more distant ones (from up to seven billion years ago). The reliability of this comparison hinges upon a very detailed understanding of the physics of the nearby events. To further this understanding, the Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) relies upon a complex pipeline of serial processes that execute various image processing algorithms in parallel on similar to 10 TBs of data. This pipeline traditionally runs on a local cluster. Cloud computing [ Above the clouds: a Berkeley view of cloud computing, Technical Report UCB/EECS-2009-28, University of California, 2009] offers many features that make it an attractive alternative. The ability to completely control the software environment in a cloud is appealing when dealing with a community developed science pipeline with many unique library and platform requirements. In this context we study the feasibility of porting the SNfactory pipeline to the Amazon Web Services environment. Specifically we: describe the tool set we developed to manage a virtual cluster on Amazon EC2, explore the various design options available for application data placement, and offer detailed performance results and lessons learned from each of the above design options. C1 [Jackson, Keith R.; Muriki, Krishna; Ramakrishnan, Lavanya; Runge, Karl J.; Thomas, Rollin C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM krjackson@lbl.gov RI zong, fico/H-4677-2011 FU Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) in the DOE Office of Science [DE-C02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded in part by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) in the DOE Office of Science under contract number DE-C02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Amazon for access to Amazon EC2. The authors would also like to thank the Magellan team at NERSC for discussions on cloud computing. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-9244 EI 1875-919X J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.3233/SPR-2011-0324 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 801PY UT WOS:000293453800004 ER PT J AU Turcu, G Foster, I Nestorov, S AF Turcu, Gabriela Foster, Ian Nestorov, Svetlozar TI Reshaping text data for efficient processing on Amazon EC2 SO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Cloud computing; provisioning; Amazon EC2; text processing AB Text analysis tools are nowadays required to process increasingly large corpora which are often organized as small files (abstracts, news articles, etc.). Cloud computing offers a convenient, on-demand, pay-as-you-go computing environment for solving such problems. We investigate provisioning on the Amazon EC2 cloud from the user perspective, attempting to provide a scheduling strategy that is both timely and cost effective. We derive an execution plan using an empirically determined application performance model. A first goal of our performance measurements is to determine an optimal file size for our application to consume. Using the subset-sum first fit heuristic we reshape the input data by merging files in order to match as closely as possible the desired file size. This also speeds up the task of retrieving the results of our application, by having the output be less segmented. Using predictions of the performance of our application based on measurements on small data sets, we devise an execution plan that meets a user specified deadline while minimizing cost. C1 [Turcu, Gabriela; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Nestorov, Svetlozar] Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA. RP Turcu, G (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM gabri@cs.uchicago.edu RI zong, fico/H-4677-2011 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1058-9244 J9 SCI PROGRAMMING-NETH JI Sci. Program. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.3233/SPR-2011-0322 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 801PY UT WOS:000293453800006 ER PT J AU Thackeray, M AF Thackeray, Michael TI Twenty Golden Years of Battery R&D at CSIR, 1974-1994 SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR CHEMIE LA English DT Review DE CSIR; battery; Zebra; sodium-metal chloride; sodium-sulphur; LiAl/FeS(x); lithium-ion; spinel ID LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE; HIGH-ENERGY DENSITY; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ION BATTERIES; ALPHA-FE2O3; CELLS AB This paper is a personal reflection of 20 years of sodium- and lithium-based battery R&D in South Africa between 1974 and 1994. The impact of the innovative materials science and engineering research conducted during this period is highlighted by the later successful implementation of batteries in powering practical systems, as well as in technology licensing. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thackeray, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thackeray@anl.gov FU US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ('Argonne'). Argonne, a US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU BUREAU SCIENTIFIC PUBL PI PRETORIA PA P O BOX 1758, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0379-4350 J9 S AFR J CHEM-S-AFR T JI South Afr. J. Chem.-Suid-Afr. Tydskr. Chem. PY 2011 VL 64 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 803FL UT WOS:000293567000001 ER PT S AU Chemerisov, S Jonah, CD AF Chemerisov, Sergey Jonah, Charles D. BE Buckman, SJ Sullivan, JP Makochekanwa, C White, R TI Development of high intensity source of thermal positrons APosS (Argonne Positron Source) SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SLOW POSITRON BEAM TECHNIQUES (SLOPOS12) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Slow Positron Beam Techniques CY AUG 01-06, 2010 CL Magnetic Island, AUSTRALIA SP ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Australian Natl Univ, Flinders Univ, James Cook Univ, Inst Phys, Australian Govt, Dept Innovat, Ind Sci & Res ID MODERATOR; ATOMS; BEAMS; TRAP AB We present an update on the positron-facility development at Argonne National Laboratory. We will discuss advantages of using low-energy electron accelerator, present our latest results on slow positron production simulations, and plans for further development of the facility. We have installed a new converter/moderator assembly that is appropriate for our electron energy that allows increasing the yield about an order of magnitude. We have simulated the relative yields of thermalized positrons as a function of incident positron energy on the moderator. We use these data to calculate positron yields that we compare with our experimental data as well as with available literature data. We will discuss the new design of the next generation positron front end utilization of reflection moderator geometry. We also will discuss planned accelerator upgrades and their impact on APosS. C1 [Chemerisov, Sergey; Jonah, Charles D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chemerisov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chemerisov@anl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 262 AR 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/262/1/012012 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BVW62 UT WOS:000292990500012 ER PT J AU Partridge, DG Vrugt, JA Tunved, P Ekman, AML Gorea, D Sorooshian, A AF Partridge, D. G. Vrugt, J. A. Tunved, P. Ekman, A. M. L. Gorea, D. Sorooshian, A. TI Inverse modeling of cloud-aerosol interactions - Part 1: Detailed response surface analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DROPLET ACTIVATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; DATA ASSIMILATION; CALIBRATION DATA; CCN ACTIVATION AB New methodologies are required to probe the sensitivity of parameters describing cloud droplet activation. This paper presents an inverse modeling-based method for exploring cloud-aerosol interactions via response surfaces. The objective function, containing the difference between the measured and model predicted cloud droplet size distribution is studied in a two-dimensional framework, and presented for pseudo-adiabatic cloud parcel model parameters that are pair-wise selected. From this response surface analysis it is shown that the susceptibility of cloud droplet size distribution to variations in different aerosol physiochemical parameters is highly dependent on the aerosol environment and meteorological conditions. In general the cloud droplet size distribution is most susceptible to changes in the up-draft velocity. A shift towards an increase in the importance of chemistry for the cloud nucleating ability of particles is shown to exist somewhere between marine average and rural continental aerosol regimes. We also use these response surfaces to explore the feasibility of inverse modeling to determine cloud-aerosol interactions. It is shown that the "cloud-aerosol" inverse problem is particularly difficult to solve due to significant parameter interaction, presence of multiple regions of attraction, numerous local optima, and considerable parameter insensitivity. The identifiability of the model parameters will be dependent on the choice of the objective function. Sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the location of the information content within the calibration data to confirm that our choice of objective function maximizes information retrieval from the cloud droplet size distribution. Cloud parcel models that employ a moving-centre based calculation of the cloud droplet size distribution pose additional difficulties when applying automatic search algorithms for studying cloud-aerosol interactions. To aid future studies, an increased resolution of the region of the size spectrum associated with droplet activation within cloud parcel models, or further development of fixed-sectional cloud models would be beneficial. Despite these improvements, it is demonstrated that powerful search algorithms remain necessary to efficiently explore the parameter space and successfully solve the cloud-aerosol inverse problem. C1 [Partridge, D. G.; Tunved, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Partridge, D. G.; Tunved, P.; Ekman, A. M. L.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Vrugt, J. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Vrugt, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vrugt, J. A.; Gorea, D.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ekman, A. M. L.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Partridge, DG (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. EM daniel.partridge@itm.su.se RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU Bert Bolin Centre for Climate research; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate research. We gratefully appreciate G. J. Roelofs, IMAU, Utrecht, the Netherlands, for providing us with the pseudo-adiabatic cloud parcel model used in this study. We gratefully acknowledge Hamish Struthers valuable discussions and his help to improve the readability of the manuscript. Some of the calculations made during the course of this study have been made possible using the LISA cluster from the SARA centre for parallel computing at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. AS acknowledges support from an Office of Naval Research YIP award (N00014-10-1-0811). The authors acknowledge the Swedish Environmental Monitoring Program and Naturvardsverket (Swedish environmental protection agency). NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 14 BP 7269 EP 7287 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7269-2011 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797KI UT WOS:000293125100031 ER PT B AU Miller, R Keller, M AF Miller, Russ Keller, Martin BE Tomes, D Lakshmanan, P Songstad, D TI The DOE BioEnergy Science Center-A U S Department of Energy Bioenergys Research Center SO BIOFUELS: GLOBAL IMPACT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cellulosic biomass; Biofuels; Recalcitrance; Ethanol; Consolidated bioprocessing; Poplar; Switchgrass ID BIOFUELS; BIOMASS AB The BioEnergy Science Center a nationally and internationally peer reviewed center of leading scientific institutions and scientists is organized and in operation as a U S Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center This Oak Ridge National Laboratory led Center has members from top tier universities leading national labs and private companies organized as a single project team with each member chosen for its significant contributions in the Center s research focus areas The recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass is viewed as (1) the most significant obstacle to the establishment of a cellulosic biofuels industry (2) essential to producing cost competitive fuels and (3) widely applicable since nearly all biofuels and biofeedstocks would benefit from such advances The mission of the BioEnergy Science Center is to make revolutionary advances in understanding and overcoming the recalcitrance of biomass to conversion into sugars making it feasible to displace petroleum with ethanol and other fuels C1 [Miller, Russ] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Partnerships & Technol Transfer BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Partnerships & Technol Transfer BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7144-9 PY 2011 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA BSN38 UT WOS:000285020800002 ER PT B AU Tao, L Aden, A AF Tao, Ling Aden, Andy BE Tomes, D Lakshmanan, P Songstad, D TI The Economics of Current and Future Biofuels SO BIOFUELS: GLOBAL IMPACT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biofuel; Biodiesel; Biobutanol; Process economics; Techno economic analysis; Transportation fuel; Ethanol ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; BUTANOL PRODUCTION; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; ACETONE-BUTANOL; FERMENTATION; CORN; ETHANOL; BIOCONVERSION; TECHNOLOGY; PROGRESS AB This work presents detailed comparative analysis on the production economics of both current and future biofuels including ethanol biodiesel and butanol Our objectives include demonstrating the impact of key parameters on the overall process economics (e g plant capacity raw material pricing and yield) and comparing how next generation technologies and fuels will differ from today s technologies The commercialized processes and corresponding economics presented here include corn based ethanol sugarcane based ethanol and soy based biodiesel While actual full scale economic data are available for these processes they have also been modeled using detailed process simulation For future biofuel technologies detailed techno economic data exist for cellulosic ethanol from both biochemical and thermochemical conversion In addition similar techno economic models have been created for n butanol production based on publicly available literature data Key technical and economic challenges facing all of these biofuels are discussed C1 [Aden, Andy] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Aden, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7144-9 PY 2011 BP 37 EP 69 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6 PG 33 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA BSN38 UT WOS:000285020800004 ER PT B AU Hisano, H Nandakumar, R Wang, ZY AF Hisano, Hiroshi Nandakumar, Rangaraj Wang, Zeng Yu BE Tomes, D Lakshmanan, P Songstad, D TI Genetic Modification of Lignin Biosynthesis for Improved Biofuel Production SO BIOFUELS: GLOBAL IMPACT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY, PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Biomass; Biofuel crops; Genetic engineering; Lignin modification ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L.; ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANTS; FESCUE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; TRANSGENIC DOWN-REGULATION; FORAGE QUALITY; MAIZE PLANTS; TALL FESCUE; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL AB The energy in cellulosic biomass largely resides in plant cell walls Cellulosic biomass is more difficult than starch to break down into sugars because of the presence of lignin and the complex structure of cell walls Transgenic down regulation of major lignin genes led to reduced lignin content increased dry matter degradability and improved accessibility of cellulases for cellulose degradation This review provides background information on lignin biosynthesis and focuses on genetic manipulation of lignin genes in important monocot species as well as the dicot potential biofuel crop alfalfa Reduction of lignin in biofuel crops by genetic engineering is likely one of the most effective ways of reducing costs associated with pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulosic feedstocks although some potential fitness Issues should also be addressed C1 [Wang, Zeng Yu] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Wang, Zeng Yu] BioEnergy Sci Ctr BESC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7144-9 PY 2011 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA BSN38 UT WOS:000285020800012 ER PT B AU Carr, GL Miller, LM Dumas, P AF Carr, G. L. Miller, L. M. Dumas, P. BE Moss, D TI Synchrotron Radiation as a Source for Infrared Microspectroscopic Imaging with 2D Multi-Element Detection SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY SE RSC Analytical Spectroscopy Monographs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPE; RESOLUTION; PERFORMANCE; BEAMLINE; TISSUES; PHASE; CELLS; LIGHT C1 [Carr, G. L.; Miller, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Miller, L. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dumas, P.] Synchrotron Soleil, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85404-154-1 J9 RSC ANAL SPECTROSC M PY 2011 BP 226 EP 259 PG 34 WC Physics, Applied; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BTA81 UT WOS:000286308900007 ER PT B AU Kretlow, A Kneipp, J Lasch, P Beekes, M Miller, L Naumann, D AF Kretlow, Ariane Kneipp, Janina Lasch, Peter Beekes, Michael Miller, Lisa Naumann, Dieter BE Moss, D TI Single Cell Analysis of TSE-infected Neurons SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY SE RSC Analytical Spectroscopy Monographs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCRAPIE PRION PROTEINS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; CULTURED-CELLS; INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY STRUCTURES; INCREASED EXPRESSION; PRP; EXOSOMES; DISEASE C1 [Kretlow, Ariane; Lasch, Peter; Beekes, Michael; Naumann, Dieter] Robert Koch Inst, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Kretlow, Ariane; Miller, Lisa] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kneipp, Janina] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Kretlow, A (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, P25,Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. OI Beekes, Michael/0000-0002-6454-6657; Lasch, Peter/0000-0001-6193-3144 NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85404-154-1 J9 RSC ANAL SPECTROSC M PY 2011 BP 315 EP 338 PG 24 WC Physics, Applied; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BTA81 UT WOS:000286308900011 ER PT B AU Holman, HYN Blankenberg, FG AF Holman, Hoi-Ying N. Blankenberg, Francis G. BE Moss, D TI Mid-Infrared Reflectivity of Mouse Atheromas: A Case Study SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY SE RSC Analytical Spectroscopy Monographs LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; VULNERABLE ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; IN-VIVO; INTRAPLAQUE HEMORRHAGE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; RISK-FACTORS; PROGRESSION; CAP; MICROSPECTROSCOPY C1 [Holman, Hoi-Ying N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blankenberg, Francis G.] Stanford Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Div Pediat Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85404-154-1 J9 RSC ANAL SPECTROSC M PY 2011 BP 351 EP 368 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BTA81 UT WOS:000286308900013 ER PT J AU Passian, A Koucheckian, S Yakubovich, S AF Passian, A. Koucheckian, S. Yakubovich, S. TI Index integral representations for connection between cartesian, cylindrical, and spheroidal systems SO INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS LA English DT Article DE Kontorovich-Lebedev and Mellin transforms; spheroidal systems; conical functions; MacDonald functions; Bessel functions AB In this paper, we present two new index integral representations for connection between cartesian, cylindrical, and spheroidal coordinate systems in terms of Bessel, MacDonald, and conical functions. Our result is mainly motivated by solution of the boundary value problems in domains composed of both cartesian and hyperboloidal boundaries, and the need for new integral representations that facilitate the transformation between these coordinates. As a by-product, the special cases of our results will produce new proofs to known index integrals and provide some new integral identities. C1 [Passian, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Passian, A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Koucheckian, S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Math & Stat, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Yakubovich, S.] Univ Porto, Dept Math, Fac Sci, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM passianan@ornl.gov OI Yakubovich, Semyon/0000-0003-2522-6770 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1065-2469 J9 INTEGR TRANSF SPEC F JI Integral Transform. Spec. Funct. PY 2011 VL 22 IS 8 BP 549 EP 560 DI 10.1080/10652469.2010.533513 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 796OU UT WOS:000293062200001 ER PT J AU Chapin, N Szymanski, B Bringsjord, S Schimanski, B AF Chapin, Nate Szymanski, Boleslaw Bringsjord, Selmer Schimanski, Bettina TI A bottom-up complement to the logic-based top-down approach to the story arrangement test SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & THEORETICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE artificial intelligence; tests; psychometrics; stories; narrative; picture arrangement ID ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE AB Psychometric AI is a type of AI distinguished by the pursuit of intelligent systems able to excel on psychometrically validated human-level tests of cognitive abilities. We seek to build a system that solves a specific sub-test within Psychometric AI: the story arrangment test. Items in this test confront the test-taker with a set of jumbed snapshots (whether diagrammatic or otherwise) which must be ordered to tell a coherent story. We propose a dual-process system that combines bottom-up non- or sub-symbolic processing (e.g. neural network-based modelling) with top-down symbolic processing (e.g. deductive reasoning over declarative information represented as formulae in a logical system) for solving these tests of cognitive ability. The top-down process provides the benefits of a traceable proof, but requires a large amount of pre-existing knowledge. The bottom-up technique sacrifices provability and certainty on some problems for speed, but always yields some level of an answer to a given problem. This demonstrates a natural marriage between the two: the bottom-up approach seems especially powerful when used as a form of pre-processing in conjunction with a logic-based approach, because the latter approach would only need to consider a small number of possible orderings of snapshots. C1 [Chapin, Nate] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Szymanski, Boleslaw; Bringsjord, Selmer] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Bringsjord, Selmer; Schimanski, Bettina] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schimanski, Bettina] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Chapin, N (reprint author), Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM nate.chapin@gmail.com RI Szymanski, Boleslaw/A-9121-2009 OI Szymanski, Boleslaw/0000-0002-0307-6743 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-813X J9 J EXP THEOR ARTIF IN JI J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 SI SI BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1080/0952813X.2010.502313 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 795UU UT WOS:000293002200004 ER PT J AU Ruminski, AM Jeon, KJ Urban, JJ AF Ruminski, Anne M. Jeon, Ki-Joon Urban, Jeffrey J. TI Size-dependent CO2 capture in chemically synthesized magnesium oxide nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; IN-SITU; ADSORPTION; SILICA; MICROSCOPY; SURFACES; ACID AB The carbon dioxide storage capacity of magnesium oxide (MgO) particles was examined as a function of particle size, shape, and surface area. Two types of MgO nanocrystals (5 nm spheres and 23 nm disks) were synthesized and compared against commercially available MgO (325 mesh/44 mu m and 40 mesh/420 mu m). The surface area of the four types of particles was determined by N-2 gas adsorption. Carbon dioxide capture was measured at 60 degrees C and 600 degrees C using thermogravimetric analysis, with results indicating enhanced CO2 capacity correlating with increased surface area. C1 [Ruminski, Anne M.; Urban, Jeffrey J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jeon, Ki-Joon] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruminski, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jjurban@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, at the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Hydrogen Storage program [KC0202020] FX Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, at the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A.M.R. is supported as part of the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. K.J.J. is supported under B&R code KC0202020, Hydrogen Storage program. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 31 BP 11486 EP 11491 DI 10.1039/c1jm11784j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 798GI UT WOS:000293190200008 ER PT J AU Cabana, J Zheng, HH Shukla, AK Kim, C Battaglia, VS Kunduraci, M AF Cabana, Jordi Zheng, Honghe Shukla, Alpesh K. Kim, Chunjoong Battaglia, Vincent S. Kunduraci, Muharrem TI Comparison of the Performance of LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4 with Different Microstructures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; LINI0.5MN1.5O4 CATHODE MATERIAL; SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; OXYGEN NONSTOICHIOMETRY; ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES; SPINEL; LIMN1.5NI0.5O4; SURFACE; CELLS AB A series of samples of LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4 were prepared by different synthetic methods. They displayed a variety of particle sizes and shapes, from nanometric to micrometric, with different anisotropies and assemblies. The evaluation of their performance as electrodes in lithium metal half cells showed that the best performance at a fast rate of 1 C is obtained with BM900C, which consisted of micron-size octahedral particles. It outperformed samples that showed nanometric particle sizes, which, at the same time, also showed worse coulombic efficiencies. Nonetheless, a low efficiency of 88.9% for the first cycle, and 99.6% in subsequent cycles, was still observed for the best sample. Low coulombic efficiencies are likely behind the poor performance of a Li-ion cell containing BM900C and a MCMB anode. The most critical issue to be solved to make LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4 a viable electrode material for Li-ion batteries is related to these inefficiencies, as the material has inherently good life, even at high rates. It is concluded that microstructure has an important role on the performance of LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4, with micron-sized particles having the best properties. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3606570] All rights reserved. C1 [Cabana, Jordi; Zheng, Honghe; Shukla, Alpesh K.; Kim, Chunjoong; Battaglia, Vincent S.; Kunduraci, Muharrem] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environmetal Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cabana, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environmetal Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcabana@lbl.gov RI Cabana, Jordi/G-6548-2012; Shukla, Alpesh/B-2058-2013 OI Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986; FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Lab; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. JC would like to thank Dr. Marca M. Doeff (LBNL) for providing access to laboratory facilities. The authors acknowledge support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 67 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 9 BP A997 EP A1004 DI 10.1149/1.3606570 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 798BH UT WOS:000293175600002 ER PT J AU Martha, SK Kiggans, JO Nanda, J Dudney, NJ AF Martha, Surendra K. Kiggans, James O. Nanda, Jagjit Dudney, Nancy J. TI Advanced Lithium Battery Cathodes Using Dispersed Carbon Fibers as the Current Collector SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION SECONDARY BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; ENERGY-STORAGE; ANODE MATERIAL; LIFEPO4; FABRICATION; COMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; NANOTUBES AB To fabricate LiFePO(4) battery cathodes, highly conductive carbon fibers of 10-20 mu m in diameter have been used to replace a conventional aluminum (Al) foil current collector. This disperses the current collector throughout the cathode sheet and increases the contact area with the LiFePO(4) (LFP) particles. In addition, the usual organic binder plus carbon-black can be replaced by a high temperature binder of < 5 wt % carbonized petroleum pitch (P-pitch). Together these replacements have potential to increase the specific energy density and energy per unit area of the electrode. In a side-by-side comparison with conventional cathodes sheets of LFP on Al foil, the carbon fiber composite cathodes have a much longer cycle life, higher thermal stability, and high capacity utilization at rates to 6C. Details of the coating procedure, characterization and approach for maximizing the energy density are discussed. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3611436] All rights reserved. C1 [Martha, Surendra K.; Kiggans, James O.; Nanda, Jagjit; Dudney, Nancy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martha, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM marthask@ornl.gov; dudneynj@ornl.gov RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016; kiggans, james/E-1588-2017 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178; kiggans, james/0000-0001-5056-665X FU U.S. Department of Energy under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT); Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Materials used in this study were supplied courtesy of Max L. Lake (Applied Sciences, Inc., Pyrograf I fibers) and Karim Zaghib (Hydro-Quebec, LiFePO4 (LifePower)). The authors also acknowledge the assistance of: Shawn Reeves (ORNL, SHaRE user facility) for electron microscopy; Wallace D. Porter and Fred C. Montgomery (ORNL, High Temperature Materials Laboratory) for TGA analysis; Andrew Kercher (ORNL) and J. Electrochem. Soc. reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve this manuscript. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. The Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) user facility (ORNL) is sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U. S. Department of Energy. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 9 BP A1060 EP A1066 DI 10.1149/1.3611436 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 798BH UT WOS:000293175600012 ER PT J AU Yang, JY Bullock, M DuBois, MR DuBois, DL AF Yang, Jenny Y. Bullock, Morris DuBois, M. Rakowski DuBois, Daniel L. TI Fast and efficient molecular electrocatalysts for H-2 production: Using hydrogenase enzymes as guides SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; HYDRIDE DONOR ABILITIES; 2ND COORDINATION SPHERE; ACTIVE-SITE; LOW OVERPOTENTIALS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PROTON RELAYS; COMPLEXES M; NI AB Hydrogen generation using solar energy will require the development of efficient electrocatalysts for proton reduction. This article discusses the important role that proton movement plays in hydrogenase enzymes and potential devices for solar generation. Studies of hydrogenase enzymes provide many important design principles for the development of simpler molecular catalysts. These principles are illustrated with examples from the literature and from the authors' laboratories. In particular, pendant bases incorporated in the second coordination sphere of catalytic molecules play a number of important roles that are crucial to efficient catalysis. These roles include acting as relays to move protons between the metal center and solution, promoting intra-and intermolecular proton transfer reactions, coupling proton and electron transfer reactions, assisting heterolytic cleavage of hydrogen, and stabilizing critical reaction intermediates. The importance of controlling proton movement on the molecular scale underscores the importance of a similar degree of control in devices designed for the solar production of hydrogen or any fuel generation process involving multiple electrons and protons. C1 [Yang, Jenny Y.; Bullock, Morris; DuBois, M. Rakowski; DuBois, Daniel L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jenny.yang@pnl.gov; bullock@pnl.gov; mary.rakowskidubois@pnl.gov; daniel.dubois@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to acknowledge support by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences of the Department of Energy and by the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1557/mrs.2010.8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 798SE UT WOS:000293231200012 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Delzanno, GL Finn, JM AF Chacon, L. Delzanno, G. L. Finn, J. M. TI Robust, multidimensional mesh-motion based on Monge-Kantorovich equidistribution SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Mesh-motion; Mesh adaptation; r-Refinement; Monge-Kantorovich; Monge-Ampere; Grid tangling; Newton-Krylov ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; ADAPTIVE-GRID GENERATION; NEWTON-KRYLOV METHOD; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SPATIAL DIMENSIONS; AMPERE EQUATION; FULLY IMPLICIT; HARMONIC MAPS; ADAPTATION; SCHEMES AB Mesh-motion (r-refinement) grid adaptivity schemes are attractive due to their potential to minimize the numerical error for a prescribed number of degrees of freedom. However, a key roadblock to a widespread deployment of this class of techniques has been the formulation of robust, reliable mesh-motion governing principles, which (1) guarantee a solution in multiple dimensions (2D and 3D), (2) avoid grid tangling (or folding of the mesh, whereby edges of a grid cell cross somewhere in the domain), and (3) can be solved effectively and efficiently. In this study, we formulate such a mesh-motion governing principle, based on volume equidistribution via Monge-Kantorovich optimization (MK). In earlier publications [1,2], the advantages of this approach with regard to these points have been demonstrated for the time-independent case. In this study, we demonstrate that Monge-Kantorovich equidistribution can in fact be used effectively in a time-stepping context, and delivers an elegant solution to the otherwise pervasive problem of grid tangling in mesh-motion approaches, without resorting to ad hoc time-dependent terms (as in moving-mesh PDEs, or MMPDEs [3,4]). We explore two distinct r-refinement implementations of MK: the direct method, where the current mesh relates to an initial, unchanging mesh, and the sequential method, where the current mesh is related to the previous one in time. We demonstrate that the direct approach is superior with regard to mesh distortion and robustness. The properties of the approach are illustrated with a hyperbolic PDE, the advection of a passive scalar, in 20 and 3D. Velocity flow fields with and without flow shear are considered. Three-dimensional grid, time-step, and nonlinear tolerance convergence studies are presented which demonstrate the optimality of the approach. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chacon, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Chacon, L.; Delzanno, G. L.; Finn, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chacon, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM chaconl@ornl.gov OI Chacon, Luis/0000-0002-4566-8763 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors are very grateful to Jerry Brackbill and Jan Van Lent for stimulating discussions. This work was partially funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD), US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, operated by UT-Battelle under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 230 IS 1 BP 87 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.09.013 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 686AX UT WOS:000284670300005 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Prasad, L AF Theiler, James Prasad, Lakshman BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Overlapping image segmentation for context-dependent anomaly detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVII CY APR 25-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE image segmentation; anomaly detection ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; K-MEANS; SUBSPACE; SUPPORT; SIGNAL; MAD AB The challenge of finding small targets in big images lies in the characterization of the background clutter. The more homogeneous the background, the more distinguishable a typical target will be from its background. One way to homogenize the background is to segment the image into distinct regions, each of which is individually homogeneous, and then to treat each region separately. In this paper we will report on experiments in which the target is unspecified (it is an anomaly), and various segmentation strategies are employed, including an adaptive hierarchical tree-based scheme. We find that segmentations that employ overlap achieve better performance in the low false alarm rate regime. C1 [Theiler, James; Prasad, Lakshman] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM jt@lanl.gov; prasad@lanl.gov OI Prasad, Lakshman/0000-0003-3967-3643 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-622-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8048 AR 804807 DI 10.1117/12.883326 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT68 UT WOS:000292737000006 ER PT B AU Kadioglu, S Knoll, D Sussman, M Martineau, R AF Kadioglu, Samet Knoll, Dana Sussman, Mark Martineau, Richard BE Kuzmin, A TI A Second Order JFNK-Based IMEX Method for Single and Multi-Phase Flows SO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS 2010 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD) CY JUL 12-16, 2010 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Aerosp Res & Dev, European Off, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm ID LEVEL SET; HYDRODYNAMICS; RADIATION; EQUATIONS AB We present a second order time accurate IMplicit/EXplicit (IMEX) method for solving single and multi-phase flow problems. The algorithm consists of a combination of an explicit and an implicit blocks. The explicit block solves the non-stiff parts of the governing system whereas the implicit block operates on the stiff terms. In our self-consistent IMEX implementation, the explicit part is always executed inside the implicit block as part of the nonlinear functions evaluation making use of the Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method (Knoll and Keyes, J. Comput. Phys. 193:357-397, 2004). This leads to an implicitly balanced algorithm in that all non-linearities due to the coupling of different time terms are consistently converged. In this paper, we present computational results when this IMEX strategy is applied to single/multi-phase incompressible flow models. C1 [Kadioglu, Samet] Idaho Natl Lab, Fuels Modeling & Simulat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Kadioglu, S (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fuels Modeling & Simulat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM samet.kadioglu@inl.gov; nol@lanl.gov; sussman@math.fsu.edu; richard.martineau@inl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-17883-2 PY 2011 BP 549 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-17884-9_69 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BVW20 UT WOS:000292954200069 ER PT S AU Myneni, GR Hutton, A AF Myneni, Ganapati Rao Hutton, Andrew BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Introduction to Ingot Niobium SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab AB Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) technology using niobium accelerating cavities was first applied at large scale in the recirculating electron linear accelerator CEBAF- the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia, USA, at what is now called Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, or Jefferson Lab. Building on the high quality factors and peak magnetic fields found in low residual resistivity ratio (low-RRR) solid niobium in the 1970s, Jefferson Lab has reintroduced ingot niobium technology. High tantalum content in ingot niobium is not expected to negatively impact cavity performance, but will reduce the cost of accelerator structures considerably. Optimized low-cost CW linear accelerators built with ingot niobium will show the way for future R&D and industrial applications. This paper portrays the Jefferson Lab SRF context, reviews the early history of ingot niobium technology from over a third of a century ago, explains the technical advantages of that technology's recent reintroduction, and presents the outlook for further development. C1 [Myneni, Ganapati Rao; Hutton, Andrew] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Myneni, GR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1063/1.3579219 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700001 ER PT S AU Wallace, JP Myneni, GR Pike, R AF Wallace, John Paul Myneni, Ganapati Rao Pike, Robert BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Curvature, Hydrogen, Q SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE niobium; superconducting; accelerator; hydrogen; curvature AB The manufacturing of niobium SRF accelerator cavities is plagued by a mobile point defect, hydrogen. For efficient accelerator operation, niobium must function at both high electric and magnetic fields, and is compromised if magnetic impurities are located in the surface regions of the material. The finding that trace hydrogen in niobium can produce structures with magnetic properties is a feature that is not acceptable for a high performance cavity. X-ray diffraction has proved to be the key tool in assessing irreversible process damage to the niobium substrate. In future generations of accelerators, niobium will actually be merely the substrate for more effective superconductors that will allow for more efficient operation. The substrate analogy to the silicon wafer industry is useful since for niobium it may be possible to avoid some of the mistakes made in silicon technology. Because hydrogen attacks niobium on a number of different size scales, there is an inherent complexity in the trouble sources. There are also features in cavity design that are benign, such as local curvature considerations, requiring a fully non symmetric analysis of current flow to be appreciated. C1 [Wallace, John Paul] Casting Anal Corp, Weyers Cave, VA 24486 USA. [Myneni, Ganapati Rao] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Pike, Robert] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Wallace, JP (reprint author), Casting Anal Corp, Weyers Cave, VA 24486 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 38 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579222 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700004 ER PT S AU Mammosser, J Kim, SH AF Mammosser, John Kim, Sang-Ho BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Fabrication of a Demountable TM020 Cavity from Large Grain Ingot Methods SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE superconductivity; cavity; niobium AB A novel TM020 demountable test cavity has been fabricated by the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) from large grain niobium ingot sheets. This TM020 cavity is designed to have a demountable test plate at the base of the cavity to allow for measuring RF properties as well as performing surface science analysis in an aim to develop plasma processing as a cleaning method for niobium cavities. Large grain ingot sheet fabrication methods were chosen to reduce the cost of the cavity and to produce smooth surfaces at high electric field locations with standard chemistry techniques, i.e. buffered chemical polish. C1 [Mammosser, John] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Kim, Sang-Ho] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mammosser, J (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 84 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579227 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700009 ER PT S AU Dhavale, AS Ciovati, G Myneni, GR AF Dhavale, A. S. Ciovati, G. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Effect of Electropolishing and Low-Temperature Baking on the Superconducting Properties of Large-Grain Niobium SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE Niobium; magnetization; surface superconductivity; electropolishing ID PENETRATION DEPTH; CAVITIES AB Measurements of superconducting properties such as bulk and surface critical fields and thermal conductivity have been carried out in the temperature range from 2 K to 8 K on large-grain samples of different purity and on a high-purity fine-grain sample, for comparison. The samples were treated by electropolishing and low temperature baking (120 degrees C, 48 h). While the residual resistivity ratio changed by a factor of similar to 3 among the samples, no significant variation was found in their superconducting properties. The onset field for flux penetration at 2 K, H-ffp,, measured within a similar to 30 pm depth from the surface, was similar to 160 mT, close to the bulk value. The baking effect was mainly to increase the field range up to which a coherent superconducting phase persists on the surface, above the upper critical field. C1 [Dhavale, A. S.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Accelerator & Pulse Power Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Ciovati, G.; Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dhavale, AS (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Accelerator & Pulse Power Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 119 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579230 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700012 ER PT S AU Maheshwari, P Stevie, FA Myeneni, G Ciovati, G Rigsbee, JM Griffis, DP AF Maheshwari, P. Stevie, F. A. Myeneni, G. Ciovati, G. Rigsbee, J. M. Griffis, D. P. BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Analysis of Interstitial Elements in Niobium with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE Superconducting niobium; secondary ion mass spectrometry; interstitial elements ID HYDROGEN; METALS; XPS AB Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities provide enhanced efficiency and reduced energy utilization in present day particle accelerators. Niobium (Nb) is the material of choice for these cavities due to its high critical temperature and critical magnetic field. In order to understand why certain treatments, especially a low temperature bake, improve performance, it is important to study Nb surface characteristics and identify elemental contamination that can affect the performance of the cavity. H. C, O, and N are of interest because they are interstitial impurities in Nb. In earlier work, SIMS analysis using a CAMECA IMS-6F with Cs+ primary beam showed that C and N were probably not significant factors impacting performance but there was a very high level of H in the Nb. Ion implants of C, N, O, and D into Nb provided quantification of C, N,O and indicated that D is very mobile in the Nb. Further analyses showed that heat treated Nb has lower levels of surface H than non heat treated Nb and subsequent removal of surface oxide by etching causes intake of H in a heat treated Nb sample. This result helps confirm the role of surface oxide as a hydrogen barrier. To further understand the oxide, Nb samples were anodized to obtain a thicker surface oxide and H and D were implanted into this oxide to check for the appearance of implant peaks. SIMS depth profile analyses were carried out and confirmed the presence of the implant shape for these elements in the oxide. Relative Sensitivity Factor (RSFs) could then be calculated for quantification of H in the oxide. Since the Nb matrix signal showed little change from the oxide to the substrate, the same RSF was used to estimate the H concentration in the Nb at 2x10(22) atoms/cm(3) (approximately 40% mole fraction H). C1 [Maheshwari, P.; Stevie, F. A.; Griffis, D. P.] North Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Myeneni, G.; Ciovati, G.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Maheshwari, P.; Rigsbee, J. M.; Griffis, D. P.] North Carolina State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Maheshwari, P (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579233 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700015 ER PT S AU Grassellino, A Beard, C Kolb, P Laxdal, R Longuevergne, D Zvyagintsev, V Romanenko, A AF Grassellino, Anna Beard, Carl Kolb, Philipp Laxdal, Robert Longuevergne, David Zvyagintsev, Vladimir Romanenko, Alexander BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Q-Slope Analysis of Low-Beta SRF Cavities SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE Q-slope; surface resistance; hydrogen; low beta resonators AB In this contribution, we present Q-slope studies performed on about 50 low beta resonators, mainly bulk Nb quarter wave cavities built and/or tested at TRIUMF. The goal of the analysis is to look for trends in the low, medium and high field Q-slope (LFQS, MFQS, HFQS) regimes for different cavity treatments, temperature and residual resistance. We will focus on medium field Q-slope and comparisons will then be shown between low and high beta cavities and we will draw some conclusions including a possible contribution of hydrogen to MFQS in low beta resonators. C1 [Grassellino, Anna; Beard, Carl; Kolb, Philipp; Laxdal, Robert; Longuevergne, David; Zvyagintsev, Vladimir] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Romanenko, Alexander] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Grassellino, A (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 161 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579234 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700016 ER PT S AU Wang, GT Li, QM Huang, JY Talin, AA Armstrong, A Upadhya, PC Prasankumar, RP AF Wang, George T. Li, Qiming Huang, Jianyu Talin, A. Alec Armstrong, Andrew Upadhya, Prashanth C. Prasankumar, Rohit P. BE Streubel, KP Tu, LW Jeon, H Linder, N TI III-nitride nanowires: Novel materials for solid-state lighting SO LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS FOR SOLID STATE LIGHTING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light-Emitting Diodes: Materials, Devices, and Applications for Solid State Lighting XV CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, OSRAM GmbH DE GaN; nanowire; nanorod; LED; solid-state lighting; cathodoluminescence; vapor-liquid-solid; chemical vapor deposition; InGaN; templated growth ID A-PLANE GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY AB Although planar heterostructures dominate current solid-state lighting architectures (SSL), 1D nanowires have distinct and advantageous properties that may eventually enable higher efficiency, longer wavelength, and cheaper devices. However, in order to fully realize the potential of nanowire-based SSL, several challenges exist in the areas of controlled nanowire synthesis, nanowire device integration, and understanding and controlling the nanowire electrical, optical, and thermal properties. Here recent results are reported regarding the aligned growth of GaN and III-nitride core-shell nanowires, along with extensive results providing insights into the nanowire properties obtained using cutting-edge structural, electrical, thermal, and optical nanocharacterization techniques. A new top-down fabrication method for fabricating periodic arrays of GaN nanorods and subsequent nanorod LED fabrication is also presented. C1 [Wang, George T.; Li, Qiming; Huang, Jianyu; Armstrong, Andrew] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sandia.gov RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-491-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7954 AR 79540T DI 10.1117/12.872776 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BVT77 UT WOS:000292741200012 ER PT J AU McCabe, MF Chylek, P Dubey, MK AF McCabe, Matthew F. Chylek, Petr Dubey, Manvendra K. TI Detecting ice-sheet melt area over western Greenland using MODIS and AMSR-E data for the summer periods of 2002-2006 SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; SATELLITE DATA; EXTENT AB We present the results from two independent approaches for monitoring ice-sheet melt area over western Greenland. The microwave-based cross-polarization gradient ratio (XPGR) approach (Abdalati, W. and Steffen, K., 1995, Detecting ice-sheet melt area over western Greenland using MODIS and AMSR-E data for the summer periods of 2002-2006. Geophysical Research Letter, 22, pp. 787-790) is compared with a newly developed technique that exploits reflectance characteristics of snow/ice using near-infrared and visible wavelengths, to assess the extent of ice-sheet melt area over the west coast of Greenland. Data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth Observing Satellite (EOS) Terra are analysed through the years 2002-2006 to monitor melt area extent between May and September. Concurrently, the XPGR ratio is derived from advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR-E) data to develop a comparative measure of melt area over the same period of investigation. Although the techniques represent fundamentally different physical approaches, good agreement is observed between these distinct melt area products. The enhanced spatial resolution that is achieved from the MODIS sensor offers additional insight into the melt response over the course of the summer melt period and highlights the advantage of synthesizing diverse sensors and retrieval algorithms for Earth observation. C1 [McCabe, Matthew F.; Chylek, Petr; Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McCabe, Matthew F.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP McCabe, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmccabe@unsw.edu.au RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory's Directed Research and Development Project (LDRD) [20050014DR] FX This research was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory's Directed Research and Development Project (LDRD) entitled 'Resolving the Aerosol-Climate-Water Puzzle (20050014DR)'. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.501830 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 794CM UT WOS:000292873000004 ER PT S AU Bikhazi, N Young, WF Nguyen, H AF Bikhazi, Nicolas Young, William F. Hung Nguyen BE Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Sensing using Eigenchannels in Radio-Frequency Multiple-Input, Multiple Output Communication Systems SO WIRELESS SENSING, LOCALIZATION, AND PROCESSING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wireless Sensing, Localization, and Processing VI CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MIMO sensor; MIMO radar; personnel detection AB This paper describes the use of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communication technology as a radio frequency (RF) sensor. We suggest some possible measures for determining how the changes in MIMO channel are related to objects moving through the MIMO channel. Initially, we examine the singular values of the channel matrix. We further demonstrate the effects of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in conjunction with the target physical properties in the creation of eigenchannels. These eigenchannels represent the key factor in the ability of a MIMO system to perform as an effective sensor. Another important feature of MIMO technology is that it allows us to capture spatial information about the target, beyond the typical time and frequency information. Preliminary experimental results at 750 MHz demonstrate that targets can be detected and distinguished based on these simple measures. For example, a vehicular target is distinguishable from a person or groups of people. Our concept is closely related to a MIMO radar approach. However, a key difference is that we make use of the natural process of establishing a MIMO communication link rather than interrogate a specific physical region via a pulsed RF waveform. MIMO communications requires sounding of the physical environment and the creation of a channel matrix in order to maximize data throughput. We leverage this information about the area of interest already captured by the communication system. This allows the use of a MIMO system for both sensing and communication. C1 [Bikhazi, Nicolas; Young, William F.; Hung Nguyen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bikhazi, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-635-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8061 AR 80610O DI 10.1117/12.883284 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVU27 UT WOS:000292762900020 ER PT B AU Bronkhorst, CA Maudlin, PJ Gray, GT Cerreta, EK Harstad, EN Addessio, FL AF Bronkhorst, C. A. Maudlin, P. J. Gray, G. T., III Cerreta, E. K. Harstad, E. N. Addessio, F. L. BE Ghosh, S Dimiduk, D TI Accounting for Microstructure in Large Deformation Models of Polycrystalline Metallic Materials SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; CYLINDER IMPACT TEST; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; VISCOPLASTIC POLYCRYSTALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; WAVE-PROPAGATION; MICRO STRUCTURES AB Microstructures of metallic polycrystalline materials are varied and evolve with mechanical deformation. The influence of microstructure on mechanical behavior is discussed in the context of material model development. Several modeling approaches have been developed over the past 80 years which have acknowledged the importance of accounting for microstructural details and these are discussed. Examples of two approaches to the large deformation coupled thermo-mechanical modeling of metallic materials are presented and their differences are compared. First, a macroscale continuum internal state variable-based model is presented for tantalum, which also allows for damage evolution. Next, a multi-scale polycrystal plasticity approach is presented, which explicitly represents the polycrystal aggregate. Experiments necessary for both material parameter evaluation (simple compression tests at different strain rates and temperatures) and model validation (dynamic forced shear) are given and discussed. Results from both modeling approaches are compared against results from the forced shear experiments. Both models predict a temperature increase in the shear zone of the sample of 400 K due to plastic work and assuming adiabatic conditions. The continuum model performs better than the mesoscale crystal plasticity approach at predicting the load-displacement responses. Although the single crystal model is 3D, the numerical model is 2D and is believed to be restrictive to the deformation response of the polycrystal. This point-of-view is also supported by comparisons between experimental and predicted crystallographic texture in the shear region. Distributions of vonMises stress, temperature, equivalent plastic strain, and equivalent plastic strain rate in the shear region of the sample as predicted by the polycrystal plasticity model are presented. Simulations like this can assist in our understanding of how materials behave and allow us to develop more physically realistic internal state variable theories for use in engineering applications. C1 [Bronkhorst, C. A.; Maudlin, P. J.; Addessio, F. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gray, G. T., III; Cerreta, E. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Harstad, E. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bronkhorst, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cabronk@lanl.gov NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0642-7 PY 2011 BP 239 EP 276 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4 PG 38 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BSO77 UT WOS:000285166300007 ER PT B AU Lebensohn, RA Castaneda, PP Brenner, R Castelnau, O AF Lebensohn, R. A. Castaneda, P. Ponte Brenner, R. Castelnau, O. BE Ghosh, S Dimiduk, D TI Full-Field vs. Homogenization Methods to Predict Microstructure-Property Relations for Polycrystalline Materials SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Antiplane deformation; Crystal plasticity; Fast Fourier transform; Field fluctuations; Green function method; Mean-field vs. full-field models; Micromechanics; Misorientation; Orientation imaging microscopy formulation; Polycrystal; Second-order homogenization; Texture; Viscoplastic self-consistent ID EFFECTIVE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SELF-CONSISTENT APPROACH; CHANNEL DIE COMPRESSION; NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; VISCOPLASTIC POLYCRYSTALS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; INITIAL ORIENTATION; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; GRAIN INTERACTION AB In this chapter, we review two recently proposed methodologies, based on crystal plasticity, for the prediction of microstructure property relations in polycrystalline aggregates. The first, known as the second-order viscoplastic self-consistent (SC) method, is a mean-field theory, while the second, known as the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based formulation, is a full-field method. The main equations and assumptions underlying both formulations are presented, using a unified notation and pointing out their similarities and differences. Concerning mean-field SC homogenization theories for the prediction of mechanical behavior of nonlinear viscoplastic polycrystals, we carry out detailed comparisons of the different linearization assumptions that can be found in the literature. Then, after validating the FFT-based full-field formulation by comparison with available analytical results, the effective behavior of model material systems predicted by means of different SC approaches are compared with ensemble averages of full-field solutions. These comparisons show that the predictions obtained by means of the second-order SC approach which incorporates statistical information at grain level beyond first-order, through the second moments of the local field fluctuations inside the constituent grains are in better agreement with the FFT-based full-field solutions. This is especially true in the cases of highly heterogeneous materials due to strong nonlinearity or single-crystal anisotropy. The second-order SC approach is next applied to the prediction of texture evolution of polycrystalline ice deformed in compression, a case that illustrates the flexibility of this formulation to handle problems involving materials with highly anisotropic local properties. Finally, a full three-dimensional implementation, the FFT-based formulation, is applied to study subgrain texture evolution in copper deformed in tension, with direct input and validation from orientation images. Measurements and simulations agree in that grains with initial orientation near < 110 > tend to develop higher misorientations. This behavior can be explained in terms of attraction toward the two stable orientations and grain interaction. Only models like the FFT-based formulation that account explicitly for interaction between individual grains are able to capture these effects. C1 [Lebensohn, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Castaneda, P. Ponte] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Brenner, R.; Castelnau, O.] Univ Paris 13, Lab Proprietes Mecan & Thermodynam Mat, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lebenso@lanl.gov OI Castelnau, Olivier/0000-0001-7422-294X NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0642-7 PY 2011 BP 393 EP 441 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4 PG 49 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BSO77 UT WOS:000285166300011 ER PT B AU Emery, JM Ingraffea, AR AF Emery, John M. Ingraffea, Anthony R. BE Ghosh, S Dimiduk, D TI DDSim: Framework for Multiscale Structural Prognosis SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS; CRACKS C1 [Ingraffea, Anthony R.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Fracture Grp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Emery, John M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Div Solid Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Ingraffea, AR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Fracture Grp, 643 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jmemery@sandia.gov; ari1@cornell.edu OI Emery, John /0000-0001-6671-4952 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0642-7 PY 2011 BP 469 EP 496 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0643-4 PG 28 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA BSO77 UT WOS:000285166300013 ER PT S AU Schwarz, J Rambo, P Geissel, M Kimmel, M Schollmeier, M Smith, I Bellum, J Kletecka, D Sefkow, A Smith, D Atherton, B AF Schwarz, Jens Rambo, Patrick Geissel, Matthias Kimmel, Mark Schollmeier, Marius Smith, Ian Bellum, John Kletecka, Damon Sefkow, Adam Smith, Douglas Atherton, Briggs BE Hein, J Silva, LO Korn, G Gizzi, LA Edwards, C TI Z-Backlighter facility upgrades: A path to short/long pulse, multi-frame, multi-color x-ray backlighting at the Z-Accelerator SO DIODE-PUMPED HIGH ENERGY AND HIGH POWER LASERS ELI: ULTRARELATIVISTIC LASER-MATTER INTERACTIONS AND PETAWATT PHOTONICS AND HIPER: THE EUROPEAN PATHWAY TO LASER ENERGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diode-Pumped High Energy and High Power Lasers/ELI: Ultrarelativistic Laser-Matter Interactions and Petawatt Photonics/HiPER: the European Pathway to Laser Energy CY APR 18-20, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Petawatt Laser; OPCPA; MLD gratings; laser damage ID Z-BEAMLET; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; LASER; GRATINGS; SYSTEM AB We discuss upgrades and development currently underway at the Z-Backlighter facility. Among them are a new optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) front end, 94cm x 42 cm multi layer dielectric (MLD) gratings, dichroic laser beam transport studies, 25 keV x-ray source development, and a major target area expansion. These upgrades will pave the way for short/long pulse, multi-frame, multi-color x-ray backlighting at the Z-Accelerator. C1 [Schwarz, Jens; Rambo, Patrick; Geissel, Matthias; Kimmel, Mark; Schollmeier, Marius; Smith, Ian; Sefkow, Adam; Atherton, Briggs] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwarz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jschwar@sandia.gov RI Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; OI Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Bellum, John/0000-0003-2230-5553 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-670-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8080 AR 80800E DI 10.1117/12.887114 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BVT65 UT WOS:000292735900009 ER PT J AU Abouimrane, A Compton, OC Deng, HX Belharouak, I Dikin, DA Nguyen, ST Amine, K AF Abouimrane, Ali Compton, Owen C. Deng, Haixia Belharouak, Ilias Dikin, Dimtriy A. Nguyen, SonBinh T. Amine, Khalil TI Improved Rate Capability in a High-Capacity Layered Cathode Material via Thermal Reduction SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; SITU X-RAY; LI2MNO3; ELECTRODES; OXIDE; XPS; NI AB Thermal treatment of the high-capacity integrated-structure cathode material Li(2)MnO(3)-LiMO(2) (M = Mn, Ni, and Co) under a reductive H(2) atmosphere was investigated as a means to improve its rate capability when incorporated into a Lithium-ion battery (LIB). The heat-treated electrode, with a composition of Li(1.12)Mn(0.55)Ni(0.145)Co(0.1)O(2), shows a better coulombic charge-discharge efficiency and a good cycleability than the pristine material. This improvement can be attributed to a reduction in the valence of some Mn ions from 4(+) to 3(+), as monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3597655] All rights reserved. C1 [Abouimrane, Ali; Compton, Owen C.; Deng, Haixia; Belharouak, Ilias; Nguyen, SonBinh T.; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Compton, Owen C.; Nguyen, SonBinh T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dikin, Dimtriy A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Abouimrane, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abouimrane@anl.gov; amine@anl.gov RI Dikin, Dmitriy/B-7592-2009; Dikin, Dmitriy/A-1086-2010; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Dikin, Dmitriy/B-4649-2014; Nguyen, SonBinh/C-1682-2014; OI Dikin, Dmitriy/0000-0001-8100-4502; Nguyen, SonBinh/0000-0002-6977-3445; Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 FU U.S. Department of Energy; FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office; NSF (Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Northwestern University) [DMR-0520513]; ARO [W991NF-09-1-0541]; NSF [CHE-0936924] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office, NSF (Award # DMR-0520513 through the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Northwestern University), ARO (Award # W991NF-09-1-0541). O.C.C. is an NSF-ACC fellow (Award # CHE-0936924). NR 22 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 59 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 9 BP A126 EP A129 DI 10.1149/1.3597655 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 789NJ UT WOS:000292521900002 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Human Recognition at a Distance in Video Introduction SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900001 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Gait Representations in Video SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter, we first present a spatio-temporal gait representation, called gait energy image (GEI), to characterize human walking properties. Next, a general GEI-based framework is developed to deal with human motion analysis under different situations. The applications of this general framework will be discussed in the next chapter. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900002 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Model-Free Gait-Based Human Recognition in Video SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter, the GEI-based general framework presented earlier is used for individual recognition in diverse scenarios. Insufficient training data associated with an individual is a major problem in gait recognition due to the difficulty of the data acquisition. To address this issue, we not only compute real templates from training silhouette sequences directly, but also generate synthetic templates from training sequences by simulating silhouette distortion. Features learned from real templates characterize human walking properties provided in training sequences, and features learned from synthetic templates predict gait properties under other conditions. A feature fusion strategy is therefore applied at the decision level to improve recognition performance. Human gait properties can be affected by various environmental contexts such as walking surface and carrying objects. We design different classifiers based on different sets of GEIs, and combine these classifiers with the knowledge of environmental contexts to improve the recognition performance. Human gait appearance depends on various factors including locations of the camera and the person, the camera axis and the walking direction. By analyzing these factors, we generate a series of view-insensitive GEIs for gait recognition in monocular image sequences without recovering the human body structure and camera parameters. We investigate human repetitive activity properties from thermal infrared imagery, where human motion can be easily detected from the background regardless of lighting conditions and colors of the human surfaces and backgrounds. GEI is used here for human repetitive activity recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed general framework achieves good performance in all of these scenarios. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 25 EP 56 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900003 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Discrimination Analysis for Model-Based Gait Recognition SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Gait has been evaluated as a new biometric through psychological experiments [34, 42, 78, 92, 158]. However, most gait recognition approaches do not give their theoretical or experimental performance predictions. Therefore, the discriminating power of gait as a feature for human recognition cannot be evaluated. In this chapter, a Bayesian based statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the discriminating power of static gait features (body part dimensions). Through probabilistic simulation, we not only predict the probability of correct recognition (PCR) with regard to different within-class feature variance, but also obtain the upper bound on PCR with regard to different human silhouette resolution. In addition, the maximum number of people in a database is obtained given the allowable error rate. This is extremely important for gait recognition in large databases. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_4 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900004 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Model-Based Human Recognition-2D and 3D Gait SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter, we propose a kinematic-based approach to recognize individuals by gait using a single camera or multiple cameras for 2D gait recognition where the model is in 3D and the data are in 2D. In addition, we present a 3D gait recognition approach where both the model and the gait data are in 3D. In Sect. 5.1, the proposed approach based on 3D model and 2D data estimates 3D human model parameters by performing a least squares fit of the 3D kinematic model to the 2D silhouette from single camera view or multiple camera views. A genetic algorithm is used for human model parameter estimation, and the individuals are then recognized from the feature vectors using a nearest neighbor method. Section 5.2 describes an approach where both modeling and recognition of an individual are done using the dense 3D range data. The approach first measures 3D human body data that consists of the representative poses during a gait cycle. Next, a 3D human body model is fitted to the body data using an approach that overcomes the inherent gaps in the data and estimates the body pose with high accuracy. A gait sequence is synthesized by interpolation of joint positions and their movements from the fitted body models. Both dynamic and static gait features are obtained which are used to define a similarity measure for an individual recognition in the database. Both Sects. 5.1 and 5.2 provide experimental results. Finally, Sect. 5.3 provides the summary of the chapter. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 65 EP 94 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900005 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Fusion of Color/Infrared Video for Human Detection SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter, we approach the task of human silhouette extraction from color and thermal image sequences using automatic image registration. Image registration between color and thermal images is a challenging problem due to the difficulties associated with finding correspondence. However, moving people in a static scene provide cues to address this problem. We first propose a hierarchical scheme to automatically find the correspondence between the preliminary human silhouettes extracted from synchronous color and thermal image sequences for image registration. Next, we discuss strategies for probabilistically combining cues from registered color and thermal images for improved human silhouette detection. It is shown that the proposed approach achieves good results for image registration and human silhouette extraction. Experimental results also show a comparison of various sensor fusion strategies and demonstrate the improvement in performance over non-fused cases for human silhouette extraction. The initial step of most of the gait recognition approaches is human silhouette extraction [72, 82, 107, 126, 137, 166]. Many gait recognition approaches use electro-optical (EO) sensors such as CCD cameras. However, it is very likely that some part of the human body or clothing has colors similar to the background. In this case, human silhouette extraction usually fails on this part. Moreover, the existence of shadows is a problem for EO sensors [121]. In addition, EO sensors do not work under low lighting conditions such as night or indoor environment without lighting. The top rows in Fig. 6.1 show human silhouette extraction results from two color images. To avoid the disadvantages of using EO sensors, infrared (ER) sensors are used for object detection [122, 148]. We investigate the possibility of using an IR sensor for gait analysis [14]. Unlike a commonly used video camera that operates in the visible band of the spectrum and records reflected light, a long wave (8-12 mu m) IR sensor records electromagnetic radiations emitted by objects in a scene as a thermal image whose pixel values represent temperature. In a thermal image that consists of humans in a scene, human silhouettes can be generally extracted from the background regardless of lighting conditions and colors of the human clothing and skin, and backgrounds because the temperatures of the human body and background are different in most situations [6]. Although the human silhouette extraction results from IR sensors are generally better than that from EO sensors, human silhouette extraction is unreliable when some part of the human body or clothing has the temperature similar to the background temperature. In addition, human body casts obvious projection on smooth surfaces such as a smooth floor. The last two rows in Fig. 6.1 show human silhouette extraction results from a thermal image. In Fig. 6.1, notice that the unreliably extracted body parts from one sensor might be reliably extracted from the other sensor. This provides an opportunity for improving the human detection performance by the fusion of EO and IR sensors [62]. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900006 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Super-Resolution of Facial Images in Video at a Distance SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter, we address the problem of super-resolution of facial images in videos that are acquired at a distance. In particular, we consider (a) a closed-loop approach for super-resolution of frontal faces, (11) super-resolution of frontal faces with facial expressions, and (c) super-resolution of side face images. In Sect. 7.1, a method is proposed to super-resolve 3D facial texture integrating information frame by frame from a video under changing poses and illuminations. First, illumination, 3D motion and shape parameters from a tracking algorithm are recovered. This information is used to super-resolve 3D texture using iterative back-projection (IBP) method. The super-resolved texture, in turn, is fed back to the tracking part to improve the estimation of illumination and motion parameters. This closed-loop process continues as new frames come in to refine the texture. A local-region based scheme to handle non-rigidity of human face is also proposed. Experiments demonstrate that this framework not only incrementally super-resolves facial images, but also recovers the expression changes with high quality. Super-resolution (SR) of facial images from video generally suffers from facial expression changes. Most of the existing SR algorithms for facial images make an unrealistic assumption that the "perfect" registration has been done prior to the SR process. However, the registration is a challenging task for SR with expression changes. In Sect. 7.2, a method is proposed for enhancing the resolution of low-resolution (LR) facial image by handling the facial image in a non-rigid manner. It consists of global tracking, local alignment for precise registration and SR algorithms. A B-spline based resolution aware incremental free form deformation (RAIFFD) model is used to recover a dense local non-rigid flow field. In this scheme, low-resolution image model is explicitly embedded in the optimization function formulation to simulate the formation of a low resolution image. The results achieved by the proposed approach are significantly better as compared to the SR approaches applied on the whole face image without considering local deformations. The results are also compared with the state-of-the-art SR algorithms to show the effectiveness of the approach in super-resolving facial images with local expression changes. Since in many of the scenarios for human recognition at a distance in video, only a side face (not the frontal face) may be available, in Sect. 7.3 a super-resolution technique is presented for the enhanced side face images. The approach consists of face detection, alignment of facial images, resolution enhancement and the normalization of super-resolved side face images. These images are combined with gait energy images in Chaps. 10 and 11 for human recognition at a distance in video. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 117 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_7 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900007 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Evaluating Quality of Super-Resolved Face Images SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The widespread use of super-resolution methods in a variety of applications such as surveillance has led to an increasing need for quality assessment measures. The current quality measures aim to compare different fusion methods by assessing the quality of the fused images. They consider the information transferred between the super-resolved image and input images only. In this chapter, we propose an integrated objective quality evaluation measure for super-resolved images, which focuses on evaluating the quality of super-resolved images that are constructed from different conditions of input images. The proposed quality evaluation measure combines both the relationship between the super-resolved image and the input images, and the relationship between the input images. Using the proposed measure, the quality of the super-resolved face images constructed from videos are evaluated under different input conditions, including the variation of pose, lighting, facial expressions and the number of input images. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900008 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Integrating Face Profile and Gait at a Distance SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Human recognition from arbitrary views is an important task for many applications, such as visual surveillance, covert security and access control. It has been found to be difficult in reality, especially when a person is walking at a distance in real-world outdoor conditions. For optimal performance, the system should use as much information as possible from the observations. In this chapter, we introduce a video based system which combines cues of face profile and gait silhouette from the single camera video sequences. It is difficult to get reliable face profile information directly from a low-resolution video frame because of limited resolution. To overcome this problem, we first construct a high-resolution face profile image from multiple adjacent low-resolution frames for each video sequence. Then, we extract face features from the high-resolution profile image. Finally, dynamic time warping (DTW) is used as the matching method to compute the similarity of two face profiles based on the absolute values of curvature. For gait, we use gait energy image (GEI), a spatio-temporal compact representation, to characterize human walking properties. Gait recognition is carried out based on the direct GEI matching. Several schemes are considered for fusion of face profile and gait. A number of dynamic video sequences are tested to evaluate the performance of our system. Experimental results are compared and discussed. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_9 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900009 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Match Score Level Fusion of Face and Gait at a Distance SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter introduces a video based recognition method to recognize non-cooperating individuals at a distance in video, who expose side views to the camera. Information from two biometric sources, side face and gait, is utilized and integrated for recognition. For side face, an enhanced side face image (ESFI), a higher resolution image compared with the image directly obtained from a single video frame, is constructed, which integrates face information from multiple video frames. For gait, the gait energy image (GEI), a spatio-temporal compact representation of gait in video, is used to characterize human walking properties. The features of face and gait are obtained separately using the principal component analysis (PCA) and the multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) combined method from ESFI and GEI, respectively. They are then integrated at the match score level by using different fusion strategies. The approach is tested on a database of video sequences, corresponding to 45 people, which are collected over seven months. The different fusion methods are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that (a) better face features are extracted from ESFI compared to those from the original side face images; (b) the synchronization of face and gait is not necessary for face template ESFI and gait template GEI. The synthetic match scores combine information from them; and (c) integrated information from side face and gait is effective for human recognition in video. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 10.1 provides the introduction to the fusion of gait and face. Section 10.2 provides the related work and the key aspects of this chapter. Section 10.3 presents the overall technical approach. It uses the enhanced side face image (ESFI) developed in Sect. 8.3 and describes the generation of gait energy image (GEI) developed in Chap. 2. It presents PCA and MDA combined method for feature extraction using ESFI and GET templates. It introduces an approach to generate synthetic match scores for fusion and provides a description of the classification method. In Sect. 10.4, a number of dynamic video sequences are tested in three experiments using the approach presented. Experimental results are compared and discussed. Finally, Sect. 10.5 provides the summary of the chapter. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 185 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_10 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900010 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Feature Level Fusion of Face and Gait at a Distance SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Video-based human recognition at a distance remains a challenging problem for the fusion of multi-modal biometrics. As compared to the approach based on match score level fusion (Chap. 10), in this chapter, we present an approach that utilizes and integrates information from side face and gait at the feature level. The features of face and gait are obtained separately using principal component analysis (PCA) from enhanced side face image (ESFI) and gait energy image (GEI), respectively. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is employed on the concatenated features of face and gait to obtain discriminating synthetic features. This process allows the generation of better features and reduces the curse of dimensionality. The proposed scheme is tested using two comparative data sets to show the effect of changing clothes and face changing over time. Moreover, the proposed feature level fusion is compared with the match score level fusion and another feature level fusion scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the synthetic features, encoding both side face and gait information, carry more discriminating power than the individual biometrics features, and the proposed feature level fusion scheme outperforms the match score level and another feature level fusion scheme. The performance of different fusion schemes is also shown as cumulative match characteristic (CMC) curves. They further demonstrate the strength of the proposed fusion scheme. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 11.2 presents the overall technical approach. It describes feature extraction from ESFI and GEI. It explains the proposed scheme to generate synthetic features for feature level fusion and classification. Section 11.3 provides a description of the related fusion methods [207, 209] to be compared in the experimental section. In Sect. 11.4, a number of dynamic video sequences are tested using the approach presented. Experimental results are compared and discussed. Section 11.5 concludes this chapter. C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 209 EP 232 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_11 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900011 ER PT S AU Bhanu, B Han, J AF Bhanu, Bir Han, Ju BA Bhanu, B Han, J BF Bhanu, B Han, J TI Human Recognition at a Distance in Video Conclusions and Future Work SO HUMAN RECOGNITION AT A DISTANCE IN VIDEO SE Advances in Pattern Recognition LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bhanu, Bir] Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Han, Ju] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM bhanu@cris.ucr.edu; jhan@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1617-7916 BN 978-0-85729-123-3 J9 ADV PATTERN RECOGNIT PY 2011 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_12 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BSK22 UT WOS:000284737900012 ER PT J AU Goyal, A Narayan, J Lin, QH AF Goyal, Amit Narayan, Jagdish Lin, Qinghuang TI SELF-ASSEMBLY AND DIRECTED ASSEMBLY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS Introduction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Goyal, Amit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Narayan, Jagdish] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lin, Qinghuang] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 109 EP 110 DI 10.1557/jmr.2010.103 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 793LD UT WOS:000292822800001 ER PT J AU Orme, CA Sadigh, B Surh, MP Vandersall, JA Bedrossian, P Wilson, WD Barbee, TW Beernink, PT AF Orme, Christine A. Sadigh, Babak Surh, Michael P. Vandersall, Jennifer A. Bedrossian, Peter Wilson, William D. Barbee, Troy W., Jr. Beernink, Peter T. TI Inducing order using nanolaminate templates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ASPARTATE TRANSCARBAMOYLASE; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALLIZATION; EPITAXIAL NUCLEATION; CROSS-SECTION; SURFACES; CRYSTALS; CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE; REVERSIBILITY AB Technological progress in the synthesis and characterization of nanometer-scale structures has improved understanding of molecular and colloidal aggregation, self-assembly, and crystal growth. While substrates are commonly used to control nucleation and growth in metal and semiconductor crystals, their use in protein epitaxy has been limited by the lack of substrate structures commensurate with protein sizes. In this paper we describe the use of polished cross sections of amorphous alumina-silica nanolaminates whose periods varied from 8 to 200 nm in the formation of self-assembled monolayers of the protein macromolecule aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase). Scanning force microscopy images of rapidly deposited ATCase demonstrates one-dimensional protein ordering along 13.5 nm wide silica nanolaminate. Numerical studies of irreversible adhesion indicate that patterning can induce a higher degree of ordering by varying the substrate periodicity. We expect this to have implications for nucleation and growth of both two-dimensional crystalline layers and bulk protein crystals. C1 [Orme, Christine A.; Sadigh, Babak; Surh, Michael P.; Vandersall, Jennifer A.; Bedrossian, Peter; Wilson, William D.; Barbee, Troy W., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Beernink, Peter T.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Orme, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM orme1@llnl.gov; barbee2@llnl.gov RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program [99ERD066] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Portions of this work were supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (99ERD066). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1557/jmr.2010.71 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 793LD UT WOS:000292822800008 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Fowlkes, JD Rack, PD AF Wu, Y. Fowlkes, J. D. Rack, P. D. TI The optical properties of Cu-Ni nanoparticles produced via pulsed laser dewetting of ultrathin films: The effect of nanoparticle size and composition on the plasmon response SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID THIN-FILM; RESONANCE; COLLOIDS; GLASS AB Thin film Cu-Ni alloys ranging from 2-8 nm were synthesized and their optical properties were measured as-deposited and after a laser treatment which dewet the films into arrays of spatially correlated nanoparticles. The resultant nanoparticle size and spacing are attributed to a laser induced spinodal dewetting process. The evolution of the spinodal dewetting process is investigated as a function of the thin film composition which ultimately dictates the size distribution and spacing of the nanoparticles. The optical measurements of the copper rich alloy nanoparticles reveal a signature absorption peak suggestive of a plasmon peak that red-shifts with increasing nanoparticle size and blue-shifts and dampens with increasing nickel concentration. C1 [Wu, Y.; Rack, P. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fowlkes, J. D.; Rack, P. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rack, PD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM prack@utk.edu OI Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 FU Material Sciences and Engineering Division of the DOE Office of Science [ERKCM38]; Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center at the University of Tennessee; Scientific User Facilities Division (SUFD), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), United States Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge support from the Material Sciences and Engineering Division Program of the DOE Office of Science (ERKCM38) for sponsoring the aspects of this work related to understanding the fundamental mechanisms operative during liquid phase, thin film dewetting. PDR also acknowledges support from the Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center at the University of Tennessee who supported the optical properties study portion of this research. The authors also acknowledge that the lithography and electron imaging results reported in this article were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division (SUFD), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), United States Department of Energy. The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Ramki Kalyanaraman and optical measurements taken by Jeremy Strader. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 39 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1557/jmr.2010.9 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 793LD UT WOS:000292822800020 ER PT J AU Rolczynski, BS Szarko, JM Lee, B Strzalka, J Guo, JC Liang, YY Yu, LP Chen, LX AF Rolczynski, Brian S. Szarko, Jodi M. Lee, Byeongdu Strzalka, Joseph Guo, Jianchang Liang, Yongye Yu, Luping Chen, Lin X. TI Length-dependent self-assembly of oligothiophene derivatives in thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CRYSTALS; PACKING; DEVICES AB Thin-film aggregation characteristics of a series of oligothiophenes with a central thieno[3,4-b] thiophene ester unit and 4 (M5), 8 (M9), and 16 (M17) regioregular hexylthiophene units were investigated. These oligomers exhibited length-dependent self-assembly characteristics upon spin coating. M9 formed long fibers, while M5 and M17 formed random domains. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction was performed to understand the reason for this length dependence. The M5 had a dominant ester-ester interaction that disrupted long-range order. The M9 morphology was due to a balance of orthogonal backbone and ester effects, which imposed long-range order on the M9 aggregates. Meanwhile, the M17 ester chain had a smaller relative contribution to packing and functioned as a molecular defect, disrupting long-range order. As a result, though the local self-assembly between monomers was very similar for the molecules, backbone length dependent changes in intermolecular forces dominated long-range structure. The analysis of self-assembly characteristics in these materials provides guidance in the design of organic conjugated materials for use in semiconductor devices. C1 [Rolczynski, Brian S.; Lee, Byeongdu; Yu, Luping; Chen, Lin X.] Northwestern Univ, ANSER Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Rolczynski, Brian S.; Szarko, Jodi M.; Chen, Lin X.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Rolczynski, Brian S.; Guo, Jianchang; Chen, Lin X.] Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu; Strzalka, Joseph] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Guo, Jianchang; Liang, Yongye; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Guo, Jianchang; Liang, Yongye; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Yu, LP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, ANSER Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM lchen@anl.gov; lupingyu@uchicago.edu RI Liang, Yongye/D-1099-2010; Liang, Yongye/D-9275-2012; OI Szarko, Jodi/0000-0002-2181-9408; Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001059, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Northwestern University FX This work is supported as part of the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award No. DE-SC0001059. The Setup fund from Northwestern University to L.X.C. provided partial support of this research. We would also like to thank Dr. Sonke Seifert for his technical support. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1557/jmr.2010.14 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 793LD UT WOS:000292822800022 ER PT J AU Kallemov, B Miller, GH Trebotich, D AF Kallemov, B. Miller, G. H. Trebotich, D. TI A higher-order accurate fluid-particle algorithm for polymer flows SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE hybrid algorithm; fluid-particle coupling; polymer flow ID 2ND-ORDER; EQUATIONS; SCHEME; MODEL AB We present a new algorithm for the simulation of polymer-laden flows in microscale environments. Our algorithm is based on a hybridisation of high-order accurate continuum and particle methods. The continuum algorithm provides the basic framework for high-performance computations to resolve device length and time scales. It is coupled to a new particle method with an optimised treatment of particle interactions such that the time step is on the level of the fluid continuum. We demonstrate our simulation capability on the flow of polymers in a contraction microchannel used for single-molecule detection. C1 [Kallemov, B.; Miller, G. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Trebotich, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM grgmiller@ucdavis.edu; treb@lbl.gov FU Bolashak scholarship of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan; DOE [DE-SC0001981]; NSF [DMS-0810939]; US Department of Energys Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [DE-AC02-05-CH11231] FX B. Kallemov was supported by the Bolashak scholarship of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. G. H. Miller was supported by DOE contract number DE-SC0001981 and NSF grant number DMS-0810939. D. Trebotich was supported by the US Department of Energys Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under contract number DE-AC02-05-CH11231. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 EI 1029-0435 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 8 BP 738 EP 745 DI 10.1080/08927022.2010.543977 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 792FZ UT WOS:000292727700014 ER PT S AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, Paul BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI New Gauge Fields from Extension of Parallel Transport of Vector Spaces to Underlying Scalar Fields SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE New gauge fields; space time dependent number structures ID COHERENT THEORY; MATHEMATICS; PHYSICS AB Gauge theories can be described by assigning a vector space (V) over bar (x) to each space time point x. A common set of complex numbers, (C) over bar, is usually assumed to be the set of scalars for all the (V) over bar (x). This is expanded here to assign a separate set of scalars, (C) over bar (x), to (V) over bar (x). The freedom of choice of bases, expressed by the action of a gauge group operator on the (V) over bar (x), is expanded here to include the freedom of choice of scale factors, c(y,x), as elements of GL(1, C) that relate (C) over bar (y) to (C) over bar (x). A gauge field representation of cy, x gives two gauge fields, (A) over right arrow (x) and i (B) over right arrow (x). Inclusion of these fields in the covariant derivatives of Lagrangians results in (A) over right arrow (x) appearing as a gauge boson for which mass is optional and (B) over right arrow (x) as a massless gauge boson. (B) over right arrow (x) appears to be the photon field. The nature of Lambda'(x) is not known at present. One does know that the coupling constant of Lambda'(x) to matter fields is very small compared to the fine structure constant. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-631-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8057 AR 80570X DI 10.1117/12.895454 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT60 UT WOS:000292734600028 ER PT S AU Humble, TS AF Humble, Travis S. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum Spread Spectrum Communication SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation IX CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum communication; spread spectrum communication AB We show that communication of single-photon quantum states in a multi-user environment is improved by using spread spectrum communication techniques. We describe a framework for spreading, transmitting, despreading, and detecting single-photon spectral states that mimics conventional spread spectrum techniques. We show in the cases of inadvertent detection, unintentional interference, and multi-user management, that quantum spread spectrum communications may minimize receiver errors by managing quantum channel access. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Humble, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM humblets@ornl.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-631-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8057 AR 80570J DI 10.1117/12.883294 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVT60 UT WOS:000292734600016 ER PT S AU Arey, BW Shutthanandan, V Xie, Y Tolic, A Williams, N Orr, G AF Arey, B. W. Shutthanandan, V. Xie, Y. Tolic, A. Williams, N. Orr, G. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC Maugel, TK TI Investigation of Cellular Interactions of Nanoparticles by Helium Ion Microscopy SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2011: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies 2011 - Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID PARTICLES C1 [Arey, B. W.; Shutthanandan, V.; Xie, Y.; Tolic, A.; Williams, N.; Orr, G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Arey, BW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-80, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-610-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8036 AR 80360K DI 10.1117/12.887141 PG 5 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BVS57 UT WOS:000292651000014 ER PT S AU Simms, LM Riot, V De Vries, W Olivier, SS Pertica, A Bauman, BJ Phillion, D Nikolaev, S AF Simms, Lance M. Riot, Vincent De Vries, Willem Olivier, Scot S. Pertica, Alex Bauman, Brian J. Phillion, Don Nikolaev, Sergei BE Pham, KD Zmuda, H Cox, JL Meyer, GJ TI Optical Payload for the STARE Pathfinder Mission SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IV CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Space Situational Awareness; Satellites; Space Debris; Orbital Refinement AB The Space-based Telescopes for Actionable Refinement of Ephemeris (STARE) program will collect the information needed to help satellite operators avoid collisions in space by using a network of nano-satellites to determine more accurate trajectories for selected space objects orbiting the Earth. In the first phase of the STARE program, two pathfinder cube-satellites (CubeSats) equipped with an optical imaging payload are being developed and deployed to demonstrate the main elements of the STARE concept. In this paper, we first give an overview of the STARE program. We then describe the details of the optical imaging payload for the STARE pathfinder CubeSats, including the optical design and the sensor characterization. Finally, we discuss the track detection algorithm that will be used on the images acquired by the payload. C1 [Simms, Lance M.; Riot, Vincent; De Vries, Willem; Olivier, Scot S.; Pertica, Alex; Bauman, Brian J.; Phillion, Don; Nikolaev, Sergei] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Simms, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-618-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8044 AR 804406 DI 10.1117/12.882791 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVS72 UT WOS:000292687100005 ER PT B AU Boring, RL AF Boring, Ronald Laurids BE Skjerve, AB Bye, A TI The Use of Simulators in Human Factors Studies Within the Nuclear Industry SO SIMULATOR-BASED HUMAN FACTORS STUDIES ACROSS 25 YEARS: THE HISTORY OF THE HALDEN MAN-MACHINE LABORATORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB As novel nuclear power plant control rooms and hybrid control room upgrades are proposed in the nuclear industry, there is an increasing need for quality simulator data on operator performance in the nuclear industry, both to understand and to document current performance and to prepare for novel plant control rooms and hybrid control room upgrades. This chapter explores simulator types and the research questions appropriate for control room simulators. It contrasts the roles for training and research simulators and suggests key ways in which these simulators can contribute to human factors research in the nuclear industry. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Boring, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ronald.boring@inl.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-85729-002-1 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BSV09 UT WOS:000285854600001 ER PT B AU O'Hara, JM Persensky, J AF O'Hara, John M. Persensky, J. BE Skjerve, AB Bye, A TI Human Performance and Plant Safety Performance Establishing a Technical Basis and Framework for Evaluating New Human-System Interfaces SO SIMULATOR-BASED HUMAN FACTORS STUDIES ACROSS 25 YEARS: THE HISTORY OF THE HALDEN MAN-MACHINE LABORATORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB New nuclear power plants (NPPs) employ digital instrumentation, control systems and computer-based human-system interfaces (HSIs) that possess tremendous functional capability and an ability to display information that is limited only by the imagination of the designer. Thus the industry is seeing a proliferation of approaches to information system design. A question arises as to how one should decide which approaches to use in control rooms. The purpose of this chapter is to address this question; more specifically to propose an approach to evaluating new and novel HSI in NPP and other complex human-machine systems in the context of human factors and plant safety performance. Our approach provides a decision-making context that considers the design approach as well as its products. C1 [O'Hara, John M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. [Persensky, J.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP O'Hara, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. EM ohara@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-85729-002-1 PY 2011 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8 PG 16 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BSV09 UT WOS:000285854600006 ER PT B AU Massaiu, S Bye, A Braarud, PO Broberg, H Hildebrandt, M Dang, VN Lois, E Forester, JA AF Massaiu, Salvatore Bye, Andreas Braarud, Per Oivind Broberg, Helena Hildebrandt, Michael Dang, Vinh N. Lois, Erasmia Forester, John A. BE Skjerve, AB Bye, A TI International HRA Empirical Study, Overall Methodology and HAMMLAB Results SO SIMULATOR-BASED HUMAN FACTORS STUDIES ACROSS 25 YEARS: THE HISTORY OF THE HALDEN MAN-MACHINE LABORATORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMMISSION; ERRORS AB The International HRA Empirical Study addresses the need for assessing HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) methods in light of human performance data. The study is based on a comparison of observed performance in HAMMLAB simulator trials with the outcomes predicted in HRA analyses. The project goal is to develop an empirically-based understanding of the performance, strengths, and weaknesses of a number of different HRA methods. This chapter presents the overall methodology for the initial assessment study (the pilot study), provides an overview of the HAMMLAB results and presents insights from the initial assessment. C1 [Massaiu, Salvatore; Bye, Andreas; Braarud, Per Oivind; Broberg, Helena; Hildebrandt, Michael] OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energiteknikk, Halden, Norway. [Dang, Vinh N.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Lois, Erasmia] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. [Forester, John A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Massaiu, S (reprint author), OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energiteknikk, Halden, Norway. EM Salvatore.Massaiu@hrp.no OI Dang, Vinh/0000-0002-4921-2421 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-85729-002-1 PY 2011 BP 253 EP 269 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8_16 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8 PG 17 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BSV09 UT WOS:000285854600016 ER PT B AU Hallbert, BP Dang, VN Lois, E AF Hallbert, Bruce P. Dang, Vinh N. Lois, Erasmia BE Skjerve, AB Bye, A TI Human Performance Research and Its Uses to Inform Human Reliability Analysis SO SIMULATOR-BASED HUMAN FACTORS STUDIES ACROSS 25 YEARS: THE HISTORY OF THE HALDEN MAN-MACHINE LABORATORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The field of human reliability analysis (HRA) plays an important role in probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) performed for commercial nuclear power plants. The international community recognizes the need for using information about human performance from relevant settings to improve HRA method capability and to evaluate the human events modeled in a PRA. This chapter discusses the needs for HRA research, presents an experimental paradigm for research, and suggests ways that capabilities at the OECD Halden Reactor Project can play an important role in addressing HRA needs. The expertise that Halden has gained from many years of studying human performance is uniquely suited to address emerging opportunities for HRA research. Its initial efforts have already proven important and a long term plan of collaborative research is encouraged. C1 [Hallbert, Bruce P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Dang, Vinh N.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Lois, Erasmia] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Hallbert, BP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Bruce.hallbert@inl.gov RI Hallbert, Bruce/B-5435-2017; OI Hallbert, Bruce/0000-0002-4133-7625; Dang, Vinh/0000-0002-4921-2421 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-85729-002-1 PY 2011 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8_20 D2 10.1007/978-0-85729-003-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BSV09 UT WOS:000285854600020 ER PT S AU Datskos, PG Lavrik, NV Tobin, J Bowland, LT AF Datskos, P. G. Lavrik, N. V. Tobin, J. Bowland, L. T. BE Carapezza, EM TI Detection of electromagnetic waves using MEMS antennas SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS; oscillator; electromagnetic field; antenna ID NANOTUBE RADIO AB We describe the design, fabrication and characterization of simple micromechanical structures that are capable of sensing static electric time varying electromagnetic fields. Time varying electric field sensing is usually achieved using an electromagnetic antenna and a receiver. However, these antenna-based approaches do not exhibit high sensitivity over a broad frequency (or wavelength) range. An important aspect of the present work is that, in contrast to traditional antennas, the dimensions of these micromechanical oscillators can be much smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. We characterized the fabricated micromechanical oscillators by measuring their responses to time varying electric and electromagnetic fields. C1 [Datskos, P. G.; Lavrik, N. V.; Tobin, J.; Bowland, L. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. EM datskospg@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-620-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8046 AR 80460J DI 10.1117/12.888863 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVT07 UT WOS:000292700300013 ER PT S AU Mascarenas, D Stull, C Farrar, C AF Mascarenas, David Stull, Christopher Farrar, Charles BE Carapezza, EM TI Escape and evade control policies for ensuring the physical security of nonholonomic, ground-based, unattended mobile sensor nodes SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE cyber-physical security; unmanned ground vehicle; PIT; precision immobilization technique; anti-tampering; self-preservation AB In order to realize the wide-scale deployment of high-endurance, unattended mobile sensing technologies, it is vital to ensure the self-preservation of the sensing assets. Deployed mobile sensor nodes face a variety of physical security threats including theft, vandalism and physical damage. Unattended mobile sensor nodes must be able to respond to these threats with control policies that facilitate escape and evasion to a low-risk state. In this work the Precision Immobilization Technique (PIT) problem has been considered. The PIT maneuver is a technique that a pursuing, car-like vehicle can use to force a fleeing vehicle to abruptly turn ninety degrees to the direction of travel. The abrupt change in direction generally causes the fleeing driver to lose control and stop. The PIT maneuver was originally developed by law enforcement to end vehicular pursuits in a manner that minimizes damage to the persons and property involved. It is easy to imagine that unattended autonomous convoys could be targets of this type of action by adversarial agents. This effort focused on developing control policies unattended mobile sensor nodes could employ to escape, evade and recover from PIT-maneuver-like attacks. The development of these control policies involved both simulation as well as small-scale experimental testing. The goal of this work is to be a step toward ensuring the physical security of unattended sensor node assets. C1 [Mascarenas, David; Stull, Christopher; Farrar, Charles] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mascarenas, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663,MS T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-620-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8046 AR 80460G DI 10.1117/12.883446 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVT07 UT WOS:000292700300010 ER PT J AU Wilkins-Diehr, N Baru, C Gannon, D Keahey, K Mcgee, J Pierce, M Wolski, R Wu, WJ AF Wilkins-Diehr, Nancy Baru, Chaitan Gannon, Dennis Keahey, Kate McGee, John Pierce, Marlon Wolski, Rich Wu, Wenjun BE Ahson, SA Ilyas, M TI Science Gateways: Harnessing Clouds and Software Services for Science SO CLOUD COMPUTING AND SOFTWARE SERVICES: THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wilkins-Diehr, Nancy; Baru, Chaitan] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Keahey, Kate; Wu, Wenjun] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Keahey, Kate] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pierce, Marlon] Indiana Univ, Community Grids Lab, Pervas Technol Inst, Bloomington, IN USA. [McGee, John] Univ N Carolina, Renaissance Comp Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gannon, Dennis] Date Ctr Futures, Redmond, WA USA. RP Wilkins-Diehr, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0316-5 PY 2011 BP 17 EP 46 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BRS78 UT WOS:000283546700003 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Moulton, D Svyatskiy, D AF Lipnikov, Konstantin Moulton, David Svyatskiy, Daniil TI A MULTILEVEL MULTISCALE MIMETIC (M-3) METHOD FOR AN ANISOTROPIC INFILTRATION PROBLEM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiscale; hierarchical; two-phase flow; heterogeneous porous media; infiltration ID FINITE-VOLUME METHOD; POROUS-MEDIA; ELEMENT-METHOD; FLOW AB Modeling of multiphase flow in highly heterogeneous porous media must capture a broad range of spatial and temporal scales that are strongly influenced by the complex structure of the subsurface environment. However, the most popular discretization methods are based on a two-point flux approximation that is only accurate for simple geometries, such as orthogonal meshes with mesh-aligned diagonal tensor permeabilities. In more realistic situations, such as sloping layers with an isotropic permeabilities, these methods may provide qualitatively plausible results, but with 0(1) errors. The family of mimetic finite-difference discretizations uses a mimetic approximation of the flux to provide a robust and accurate discretization in these more complex geometries. In addition, the increasing use of large-scale models with high-resolution realizations of parameter fields is driving the need for efficient multiscale methods. Typically, these methods are based on two-level concepts that do not effectively capture the coupling of local and global information critical to anisotropic features. To address these problems we have recently developed a new hierarchical approach, dubbed the multilevel multiscale mimetic (M-3) method, which builds on the mimetic methodology. The M-3 method is locally mass conserving at all levels in its hierarchy, it supports unstructured polygonal grids and full tensor permeabilities, and it can achieve large coarsening factors. To highlight the advantages of the mimetic flux approximation, as well as the flexibility and efficiency of the M-3 method, we consider water infiltration into a two-dimensional layered anisotropic medium. The mesh is aligned with the sloping layers, not the coordinate axes. First, we present a comparison of the water infiltration resulting from the two-point and mimetic flux approximations. Then, we demonstrate that with an efficient temporal updating strategy for the coarsening parameters, fine-scale accuracy of prominent features in the flow is maintained by the M-3 method. C1 [Lipnikov, Konstantin; Moulton, David; Svyatskiy, Daniil] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Svyatskiy, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dasvyat@lanl.gov FU Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Office of Science FX Funded by the Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the DOE Office of Science Advanced Computing Research (ASCR) program in Applied Mathematical Sciences. The authors thank George Zyvoloski (LANL) for suggestions and fruitful discussions related to the numerical experiment. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 2 BP 243 EP 256 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 788AY UT WOS:000292419000008 ER PT J AU Jaksic, JM Radmilovic, VR Krstajic, NV Lacnjevac, CM Jaksic, MM AF Jaksic, Jelena M. Radmilovic, Velimir R. Krstajic, Nedeljko V. Lacnjevac, Caslav M. Jaksic, Milan M. TI VOLCANIC PERIODICITY PLOTS ALONG TRANSITION SERIES, HYPO-HYPER-d-d-INTERELECTRONIC CORRELATIONS AND ELECTROCATALYSIS FOR HYDROGEN ELECTRODE REACTIONS SO MACEDONIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electrocatalysis; hydrogen evolution (HER); H-adatoms; hypo-hyper-d-d-electronic correlations; intermetallic phase; volcano curve; electrocatalytic synergism; d-d-interactive catalyst grafting; SMSI (Strong Metal-Support Interaction) ID INTERIONIC BONDING THEORY; WORK FUNCTION; CO OXIDATION; EXCHANGE CURRENT; FERMI DYNAMICS; METALS; EVOLUTION; CATALYSIS; GOLD; TEMPERATURE AB Volcano plots of various physical and chemical properties along transition series reveal the periodicity features of elements based on the d-d-electronic correlations, with rather similar equivalent shape, and consequently, when plotted into one another, yield various relevant linear interdependences. As the consequence, the d-band has been inferred and confirmed for the bonding, adsorptive and catalytic orbital. Such state of evidence leads to the conclusion that on the same way every hypo-hyper-d-d-interelectronic phase diagram behaves similar (local) volcano dependence as the part of the Periodic Table between two initial periods of interacting ingredients. In other words, their intermetallic phases of the same average d-electronic configuration replace the ('missing') elements in their energy state and behaviour in between, and consequently, have been used to assess the synergistically active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen electrode reactions from the peak values of the corresponding volcano plots. In the same context, the general hypsometric type of kinetic relations, including the Boltzmann-Maxwell distribution law that implies the exponential energy dependence, brings various energy states in mutual linear interdependence with the logarithm of the reaction rates. C1 [Jaksic, Jelena M.; Jaksic, Milan M.] ICEHT FORTH, Patras 26500, Greece. [Radmilovic, Velimir R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krstajic, Nedeljko V.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Lacnjevac, Caslav M.; Jaksic, Milan M.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. RP Jaksic, JM (reprint author), ICEHT FORTH, Patras 26500, Greece. EM milan@iceht.forth.gr NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC CHEMISTS TECHNOLOGISTS MADECONIA PI SKOPJE PA STS CYRIL & METHODIUS UNIV, FAC TECHNOL & METALLURGY, PO BOX 560, RUGER BOSKOVIC 16, SKOPJE, MK-1001, MACEDONIA SN 1857-5552 J9 MACED J CHEM CHEM EN JI Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 788YB UT WOS:000292479200001 ER PT J AU Bliznakov, S Vukmirovic, M Sutter, E Adzic, R AF Bliznakov, Stoyan Vukmirovic, Miomir Sutter, Eli Adzic, Radoslav TI ELECTRODEPOSITION OF Pd NANOWIRES AND NANORODS ON CARBON NANOPARTICLES SO MACEDONIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Pd electrodeposition on carbon; Pd nanowires; Pd nanorods; surfactant-mediated 1D growth; Pt monolayer electrocatalysts ID PLATINUM-MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; OXYGEN-REDUCTION; INITIAL-STAGES; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; PALLADIUM DEPOSITION; AU(111) ELECTRODE; PT(111); SURFACE; GROWTH; ADSORPTION AB We report on the method for synthesizing palladium nanowires and nanorods involving the electrodeposition on oxidized amorphous carbon nanoparticles from chloride containing solutions. The effect of the deposition overpotential and the concentration of palladium ions on the morphology of the Pd electrodeposits have been established. Palladium grows predominately in the shape of nanowires if electrodeposited at potentials in the H underpotential deposition potential (UPD) range, where chloride ions are adsorbed only at the edges of nucleated monolayer-thick clusters on the carbon surface. The effect of the concentration of palladium ions on deposits' morphology is also discussed. The mechanism of electrodeposition of Pd nanowires and nanorods in the H UPD potential range has been proposed. C1 [Bliznakov, Stoyan; Vukmirovic, Miomir; Adzic, Radoslav] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sutter, Eli] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bliznakov, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy through Grant DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOC CHEMISTS TECHNOLOGISTS MADECONIA PI SKOPJE PA STS CYRIL & METHODIUS UNIV, FAC TECHNOL & METALLURGY, PO BOX 560, RUGER BOSKOVIC 16, SKOPJE, MK-1001, MACEDONIA SN 1857-5552 J9 MACED J CHEM CHEM EN JI Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 788YB UT WOS:000292479200002 ER PT S AU Barsky, D Laurence, TA Venclovas, C AF Barsky, Daniel Laurence, Ted A. Venclovas, Ceslovas BE Williams, MC Maher, LJ TI How Proteins Slide on DNA SO BIOPHYSICS OF DNA- PROTEIN INTERACTIONS: FROM SINGLE MOLECULES TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REPRESSOR-OPERATOR INTERACTION; DIFFUSION-DRIVEN MECHANISMS; POLYMERASE-III HOLOENZYME; ONE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION; DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SINGLE-MOLECULE; RNA-POLYMERASE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MOTION C1 [Barsky, Daniel; Laurence, Ted A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Venclovas, Ceslovas] Inst Biotechnol, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Barsky, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM barsky@cornell.edu RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1618-7210 BN 978-0-387-92807-4 J9 BIOL MED PHYS BIOMED JI Biol. Med. Phys. Biomed. Eng. PY 2011 BP 39 EP 68 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-92808-1_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-92808-1 PG 30 WC Biology; Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Engineering GA BRS06 UT WOS:000283519500003 ER PT B AU Straub, TM AF Straub, Timothy M. BE Sen, K Ashbolt, NJ TI Challenges of Multiplexed Detection: Detection of Pathogens in Water and Wastewater Using Microarrays SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY: CURRENT TECHNOLOGY AND WATER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; VITRO CELL-CULTURE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARASITES; PARVUM; HYBRIDIZATION; INFECTIVITY; SYSTEM; ASSAY; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB For waterborne pathogen monitoring, regulatory agencies have traditionally focused on developing a single method for an existing or emerging pathogen in water supplies. However, the ability to use a single method to determine all potential pathogens or indicators in a water supply would be particularly advantageous. Such an approach has three major hurdles: (i) sensitive detection of highly dilute pathogens in a water supply, (ii) specific detection of pathogens from non-pathogenic near-neighbours, and (iii) multiplexed strategies that preserve the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. This chapter describes how microarrays, a series of unique nucleic acid sequences arrayed on a suitable surface, allow through hybridization, the detection of multiple genetic sequences from different enteric viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and other emerging pathogens. Through the context of a complete method, including the recovering of pathogens from water sources, this chapter is designed to introduce the reader to microarrays, challenges of labelling pathogen nucleic acids recovered from water samples, and specific microarray applications related to waterborne pathogen monitoring. Applications of microarrays to other microbiota are discussed in Chapter 11. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Signature Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Straub, TM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Signature Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM timothy.straub@pnl.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-70-7 PY 2011 BP 127 EP 142 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA BRX03 UT WOS:000283818300005 ER PT B AU Domingo, JWS Lamendella, R Ashbolt, NJ AF Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Lamendella, Regina Ashbolt, Nicholas J. BE Sen, K Ashbolt, NJ TI Microbial Source Tracking: Current and Future Molecular Tools in Microbial Water Quality Forensics SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY: CURRENT TECHNOLOGY AND WATER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME ARRANGEMENTS; ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ANALYSIS; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID COLIPHAGES; LIBRARY-INDEPENDENT MARKERS; SWINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES AB Regulations in the United States and elsewhere stipulate that drinking and recreational waters should be regularly monitored for microbial indicators of faecal pollution. Hence, the health risks associated with these waters are determined using microbial surrogates rather than by direct pathogen detection. Detecting pathogens may seem more appropriate, however, pathogens are difficult to enumerate since they are often present in environmental samples in very low numbers that still present health concerns and may take several days to weeks to detect, lessening their value for risk management. In this chapter, we discuss the use of molecular methods that attempt to track faecal sources of pollution in environmental waters and discuss their role in environmental monitoring and management. A general description of the most commonly used methods is provided, and where appropriate, some of the advantages and limitations are highlighted. The use of genomic technologies to develop new methods and to fill existing research gaps in microbial source tracking (MST) is also discussed. As clear from other chapters of this book, the field of environmental microbiology is undergoing a fundamental change through the development of tools that can describe the molecular diversity of microbial populations relevant to environmental faecal pollution. While this is a dynamic field, emphasis is placed on culture-independent methods relying on DNA-based targets that currently dominate the scientific literature. C1 [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Microbial Cont, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Lamendella, Regina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Microbial Cont, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM santodomingo.jorge@epa.gov; rlamendella@lbl.gov; ashbolt.nick@epa.gov; ashbolt.nick@epa.gov NR 173 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-70-7 PY 2011 BP 225 EP 250 PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA BRX03 UT WOS:000283818300010 ER PT B AU Willing, BP Jansson, JK AF Willing, Benjamin P. Jansson, Janet K. BE Sadowsky, MJ Whitman, RL TI THE GUT MICROBIOTA: ECOLOGY AND FUNCTION SO FECAL BACTERIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS; HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; INVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; FORMULA-FED INFANTS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CROHNS-DISEASE C1 [Willing, Benjamin P.] Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Willing, BP (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 139 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-608-7 PY 2011 BP 39 EP 65 PG 27 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BSR24 UT WOS:000285533600003 ER PT J AU Challacombe, JF Okinaka, RT Munk, AC Brettin, TS Keim, P AF Challacombe, Jean F. Okinaka, Richard T. Munk, A. Christine Brettin, Thomas S. Keim, Paul BE Fratamico, P Liu, Y Kathariou, S TI Bacillus anthracis SO GENOMES OF FOODBORNE AND WATERBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; CLOSELY-RELATED BACTERIA; VIRULENCE PLASMID PXO2; CEREUS GROUP; GENE-EXPRESSION; TOXIN GENES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE C1 [Challacombe, Jean F.; Okinaka, Richard T.; Munk, A. Christine; Brettin, Thomas S.; Keim, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Challacombe, Jean F.; Munk, A. Christine; Brettin, Thomas S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.; Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Microbial Genet & Genom Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Translat Genom Res Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Challacombe, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-457-1 PY 2011 BP 165 EP 183 PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA BTZ28 UT WOS:000288488300013 ER PT S AU Gomez, DR Tyacke, M AF Gomez, Dario R. Tyacke, Michael BE Toth, FL TI Transport of Carbon Dioxide and Radioactive Waste SO GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Transport; Carbon dioxide; Spent nuclear fuel; High-level waste; State of the technology; Policy aspects; Regulatory framework ID CO2 CAPTURE; GEOLOGICAL STORAGE; EUROPEAN-UNION; TECHNOLOGIES; SYSTEM AB A comparative assessment of carbon dioxide (CO2) and radioactive waste transport systems associated with electricity generation was undertaken on the basis of 15 criteria grouped under three areas, namely the transport chain, policy aspects and state of the technology. For CO2, we considered exclusively the transport that would take place under a future large-scale capture and storage infrastructure. Our study allowed a certain hierarchy of criteria to be identified for the comparative assessment. We discovered that the physical state for transport (fluid for CO2 and solid for radioactive waste) and the volumes involved are the key properties for determining the most suitable modes of transport. These are pipelines (on- and offshore) for liquid or supercritical CO2, and rail, ship or truck for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste. Ship-based transport has also been suggested for future applications of large-scale CO2 transport. Leakage and accidental releases are the main risks underlying the safety policies of both transport systems. However, because of the large differences between transport chains, safety standards are specific to each system. Regulatory frameworks both at national and international levels are at very different stages of development. Routing is a common concern for both transport systems. In this study we cite over 90 references covering the main literature published on this topic over the last decade. C1 [Gomez, Dario R.] Natl Atom Energy Commiss, San Martin, Argentina. [Tyacke, Michael] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Gomez, DR (reprint author), Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Ave Gen Paz 1499,B1650KNA, San Martin, Argentina. EM dgomez@cnea.gov.ar; michael.tyacke@inl.gov NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-90-481-8711-9 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2011 VL 44 BP 141 EP 183 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8712-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8712-6 PG 43 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BUD30 UT WOS:000288919200006 ER PT S AU Oldenburg, CM Birkholzer, JT AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. Birkholzer, Jens T. BE Toth, FL TI Comparative Assessment of Status and Opportunities for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage and Radioactive Waste Disposal in North America SO GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Carbon dioxide capture and storage; Geologic carbon sequestration; Geologic CO2 storage; Geosequestration; Carbon sequestration; Radioactive waste disposal; Radioactive waste repository ID ENHANCED OIL-RECOVERY; LEVEL NUCLEAR-WASTE; CO2 STORAGE; GEOLOGIC STORAGE; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; SEQUESTRATION; REPOSITORY; AQUIFERS; ISSUES; BASIN AB Aside from the target storage regions being underground, geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) and radioactive waste disposal (RWD) share little in common in North America. The large volume of carbon dioxide (CO2) needed to be sequestered along with its relatively benign health effects present a sharp contrast to the limited volumes and hazardous nature of high-level radioactive waste (RW). There is well documented capacity in North America for 100 years or more of sequestration of CO2 from coal-fired power plants. Aside from economics, the challenges of GCS include lack of fully established legal and regulatory framework for ownership of injected CO2, the need for an expanded pipeline infrastructure, and public acceptance of the technology. As for RW, the USA had proposed the unsaturated tuffs of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as the region's first high-level RWD site before removing it from consideration in early 2009. The Canadian RW programme is currently evolving with options that range from geologic disposal to both decentralized and centralized permanent storage in surface facilities. Both the USA and Canada have established legal and regulatory frameworks for RWD. The most challenging technical issue for RWD is the need to predict repository performance on extremely long timescales (10(4)-10(6) years). While attitudes toward nuclear power are rapidly changing as fossil fuel costs soar and changes in climate occur, public perception remains the most serious challenge to opening RW repositories. Because of the many significant differences between RWD and GCS, there is little that can be shared between them from regulatory, legal, transportation or economic perspectives. As for public perception, there is currently an opportunity to engage the public on the benefits and risks of both GCS and RWD as they learn more about the urgent energy-climate crisis created by greenhouse gas emissions from current fossil fuel combustion practices. C1 [Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Birkholzer, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmoldenburg@lbl.gov; jtbirkholzer@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-90-481-8711-9 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2011 VL 44 BP 367 EP 393 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8712-6_13 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8712-6 PG 27 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BUD30 UT WOS:000288919200013 ER PT B AU Kuiken, C Scheuermann, R AF Kuiken, Carla Scheuermann, Richard BE Tan, SL He, YP TI HCV Databases SO HEPATITIS C: ANTIVIRAL DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; LIVER-DISEASE; INFECTION; INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B; POLYMORPHISMS; COVERAGE; VACCINES; HIV AB Sequence databases provide a resource for scientific researchers worldwide that is especially important for highly variably pathogens such as HCV. There are currently a number of HCV sequence databases, two of which will be discussed in detail in this review. The Los Alamos HCV sequence database (http://hcv.lanl.gov) has been widely used since 2004, and still is a commonly used resource. A new addition is the Virus Pathogen Resource (ViPR, http://www.viprbrc.org/), which contains sequences from viral pathogens from many different families, and does not focus on HCV. We compare mission, features, and future plans of both databases and attempt to provide some guidance to help users decide which resource is more useful for specific data analysis problems. C1 [Kuiken, Carla] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Scheuermann, Richard] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Kuiken, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM kuiken@lanl.gov; richard.scheuermann@utsouthernwestern.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-78-3 PY 2011 BP 75 EP 88 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BUH82 UT WOS:000289380100005 ER PT S AU Metz, TO AF Metz, Thomas O. BE Metz, TO TI Metabolic Profiling Methods and Protocols Preface SO METABOLIC PROFILING: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Metz, TO (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.metz@pnl.gov; thomas.metz@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61737-984-0 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 708 BP V EP V D2 10.1007/978-1-61737-985-7 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BTC97 UT WOS:000286532100001 ER PT B AU Beer, NR Leamon, JH AF Beer, N. Reginald Leamon, John H. BE Kennedy, S Oswald, N TI Microfluidic Emulsion PCR SO PCR TROUBLESHOOTING AND OPTIMIZATION: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; THE-EXPONENTIAL (LATE)-PCR; PHASE DNA AMPLIFICATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; MICROCHAMBER ARRAY; PICOLITER DROPLETS; ASYMMETRIC PCR; REAL-TIME; HYBRIDIZATION; TARGETS AB PCR has traditionally been performed in microlitre scale reactions because larger scale volumes are prohibitively expensive and wasteful while the smaller scales (nanolitre and below) are impractical with available sample handling tools and detection systems At the microlitre scale, samples can contain mutually competitive and distinct targets, introducing amplification bias and competitive inhibition that degrade assay performance Microfluidic Emulsion PCR has emerged as a technique to resolve these challenges by a combination of two enabling technologies Emulsion PCR provides the advantages of fluid partitioning, namely elimination of sample bias and the ability to run millions of reactions in discrete volumes, while microfluidics simultaneously reduces the sample volume, introduces a level of control over emulsion parameters, and provides optical observability of the partitioned microreactors Furthermore, since microfluidic emulsions can be made monodisperse in size, they allow the assumption of an average dilution per reactor to permit the exploitation of Poisson statistics for very accurate titre estimation Microfluidic emulsions can also be employed to perform solid-phase amplification with bead based assays, combining yet another useful technique with the sample partitioning benefits of droplets We expect the advantages of both emulsion PCR and microfluidics will encourage new applications and the integration of these enabling technologies will improve PCR performance C1 [Beer, N. Reginald] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Leamon, John H.] Ion Torrent Syst, Guilford, CT USA. RP Beer, NR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-72-1 PY 2011 BP 217 EP 232 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BSI09 UT WOS:000284508800011 ER PT S AU Janovjak, H Isacoff, EY AF Janovjak, Harald Isacoff, Ehud Y. BE Chambers, JJ Kramer, RH TI Structure-Based Design of Light-Controlled Proteins SO PHOTOSENSITIVE MOLECULES FOR CONTROLLING BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION SE Neuromethods LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Quantum mechanics; Molecular mechanics; Optical switch; Azobenzene; SP; Hemi-thioindigo-Helix; Hairpin; Rational design; Glutamate receptor ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL-THEORY; PEPTIDE HELIX CONTENT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PHOTOINDUCIBLE BETA-HAIRPIN; GAS ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; DNA-BINDING SPECIFICITY; AZOBENZENE CROSS-LINKER; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANS-AZOBENZENE; AB-INITIO AB Small photochromic molecules are widespread in nature and serve as switches for a plethora of light-controlled processes. In a typical photoreceptor, the different geometries and polarities of the photochrome isomers are tightly coupled to functionally relevant conformational changes in the proteins. The past decade has seen extensive efforts to mimic nature and create proteins controlled by synthetic photochromes in the laboratory. Here, we discuss the role of molecular modeling to gain a structural understanding of photochromes and to design light-controlled peptides and proteins. We address several fundamental questions: What are the molecular structures of photochromes, particularly for metastable isomers that cannot be addressed experimentally? How are the structures of bistable photoisomers coupled to the conformational states of peptides and proteins? Can we design light-controlled proteins rapidly and reliably? After an introduction to the principles of molecular modeling, we answer these questions by examining systems that range from the size of isolated photochromes, to that of peptides and large cell surface receptors, each from its unique computational perspective. C1 [Janovjak, Harald; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Janovjak, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Janovjak, Harald/O-9070-2016 OI Janovjak, Harald/0000-0002-8023-9315 NR 166 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 0893-2336 BN 978-1-61779-030-0 J9 NEUROMETHODS JI Neuromethods PY 2011 VL 55 BP 233 EP 266 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-7_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-031-7 PG 34 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BUD24 UT WOS:000288917500013 ER PT S AU Gorostiza, P Isacoff, EY AF Gorostiza, Pau Isacoff, Ehud Y. BE Chambers, JJ Kramer, RH TI Photoswitchable Ligand-Gated Ion Channels SO PHOTOSENSITIVE MOLECULES FOR CONTROLLING BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION SE Neuromethods LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Kainate receptor; Glutamate receptor; Photoisomerizable tether ligand (PTL); Optical switch; Nanotoggle; Azobenzene; Neurobiology; Nanoengineering; Nanomedicine ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; PEPTIDE HELIX CONTENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BINDING CORE; TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; OPTICAL SWITCHES; BOUND AGONISTS AB Ligand-activated proteins can be controlled with light by means of synthetic photoisomerizable tethered ligands (PTLs). The application of PTLs to ligand-gated ion channels, including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and ionotropic glutamate receptors, is reviewed with emphasis on rational photoswitch design and the mechanisms of optical switching. Recently reported molecular dynamic methods allow simulation with high reliability of novel PTLs for any ligand-activated protein whose structure is known. C1 [Gorostiza, Pau] ICREA, Inst Bioengn Catalunya IBEC, Barcelona, Spain. [Gorostiza, Pau] CIBER BBN, Barcelona, Spain. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gorostiza, P (reprint author), ICREA, Inst Bioengn Catalunya IBEC, Barcelona, Spain. RI Gorostiza, Pau/Q-2544-2015 OI Gorostiza, Pau/0000-0002-7268-5577 NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 0893-2336 BN 978-1-61779-030-0 J9 NEUROMETHODS JI Neuromethods PY 2011 VL 55 BP 267 EP 285 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-031-7_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-031-7 PG 19 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BUD24 UT WOS:000288917500014 ER PT B AU Heffron, F Niemann, G Yoon, H Kidwai, A Brown, RNE McDermott, JD Smith, R Adkins, JN AF Heffron, Fred Niemann, George Yoon, Hyunjin Kidwai, Afshan Brown, Roslyn N. E. McDermott, Jason D. Smith, Richard Adkins, Joshua N. BE Porwollik, S TI Salmonella-secreted Virulence Factors SO SALMONELLA: FROM GENOME TO FUNCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; T-CELL RESPONSES; LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE-GLYCOPROTEINS; PHOSPHOTHREONINE LYASE ACTIVITY; LATE ENDOCYTIC COMPARTMENTS; NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR; ACTIN-BINDING PROTEINS; B-ALPHA UBIQUITINATION; III EFFECTOR FAMILY; NF-KAPPA-B AB Research in the past 20 years has shown that Salmonella precisely manipulates their host by hierarchical secretion of virulence factors (effectors). More than 40 secreted virulence factors have been identified in Salmonella, but the function and mammalian targets of only a few are known. Effectors are directed to specific sub-cellular compartments and mammalian targets, and they mediate a diverse array of activities. Thus, the first half of this review focuses upon our understanding of effector mechanisms and their roles during infection. However, the known effector repertoire is incomplete and the second half of this review places an emphasis on discovery. Computer analysis identified common secretion motifs and predicted that as many as 300 additional proteins may be secreted by Salmonella. In fact, mass spectrometry analysis identified a more complete secretome and found many novel, uncharacterized effector proteins. Several effectors identified in this study were small proteins of only 30-100 amino acids in length, suggesting that they are not enzymes but agonists or antagonists of specific host factors. One surprise from the mass spectrometry analysis was the identification of proteins that are secreted to mammalian cells via outer membrane vesicles. Complete characterization of the bewildering array of secreted proteins will take many years. C1 [Heffron, Fred; Niemann, George; Yoon, Hyunjin; Kidwai, Afshan] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Brown, Roslyn N. E.; McDermott, Jason D.; Smith, Richard; Adkins, Joshua N.] Pacif NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Heffron, F (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM heffronf@ohsu.edu; niemanng@ohsu.edu; yoonh@ohsu.edu; kidwai@ohsu.edu; roslyn.brown@pnl.gov; jason.mcdermott@pnl.gov; richard.smith@pnl.gov; joshua.adkins@pnl.gov NR 247 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-73-8 PY 2011 BP 187 EP 223 PG 37 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BTP57 UT WOS:000287716700010 ER PT S AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, J. N. BE Covello, A Gargano, A TI Relativistic U(3) symmetry and pseudo-U(3) symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL SPRING SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS: NEW QUESTS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics: New Quests in Nuclear Structure CY MAY 21-25, 2010 CL Vietri sul Mare, ITALY SP Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Istituto Nazl Fisica Nucl, Univ Napoli Federico II ID PSEUDOSPIN SYMMETRY; NUCLEI AB The Dirac Hamiltonian with relativistic scalar and vector harmonic oscillator potentials has been solved analytically in two limits. One is the spin limit for which spin is an invariant symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian and the other is the pseudo-spin limit for which pseudo-spin is an invariant symmetry of the the Dirac Hamiltonian. The spin limit occurs when the scalar potential is equal to the vector potential plus a constant, and the pseudospin limit occurs when the scalar potential is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the vector potential plus a constant. Like the non-relativistic harmonic oscillator, each of these limits has a higher symmetry. For example, for the spherically symmetric oscillator, these limits have a U(3) and pseudo-U(3) symmetry respectively. We shall discuss the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of these two limits and derive the relativistic generators for the U(3) and pseudo-U(3) symmetry. We also argue, that, if an anti-nucleon can be bound in a nucleus, the spectrum will have approximate spin and U(3) symmetry. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gino@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 267 AR 012037 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/267/1/012037 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVJ67 UT WOS:000291671800037 ER PT S AU Moretto, LG Elliot, JB Lake, PT Phair, L AF Moretto, L. G. Elliot, J. B. Lake, P. T. Phair, L. BE Covello, A Gargano, A TI Lattice animals, fractality and criticality in hadronic and partonic systems SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL SPRING SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS: NEW QUESTS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics: New Quests in Nuclear Structure CY MAY 21-25, 2010 CL Vietri sul Mare, ITALY SP Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Istituto Nazl Fisica Nucl, Univ Napoli Federico II ID GAS PHASE-TRANSITION; NUCLEI AB The cluster description of near coexistence phases (e.g. Fisher theory) requires an evaluation of cluster surface entropy. This surface degeneracy can be estimated with lattice models where clusters appear. The maximum probability lies near the maximum cluster surface. At low temperatures, clusters are forced to be nearly spherical by the surface energy and the associated Boltzmann factor. At higher temperatures and near criticality, the fractal dimension of clusters changes so that clusters become fractal. In the MIT bag model, where there is no surface energy, bags are always fractal. C1 [Moretto, L. G.; Elliot, J. B.; Lake, P. T.; Phair, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lgmoretto@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 267 AR 012060 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/267/1/012060 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVJ67 UT WOS:000291671800060 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Anderson, CN Baclea-an, LM Denham, P George, S Goldberg, KA Jones, G McClinton, B Miyakawa, R Mochi, I Montgomery, W Rekawa, S Wallow, T AF Naulleau, Patrick Anderson, Christopher N. Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae Denham, Paul George, Simi Goldberg, Kenneth A. Jones, Gideon McClinton, Brittany Miyakawa, Ryan Mochi, Iacopo Montgomery, Warren Rekawa, Seno Wallow, Tom BE Behringer, UFW TI Using synchrotron light to accelerate EUV resist and mask materials learning SO 27TH EUROPEAN MASK AND LITHOGRAPHY CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th European Mask and Lithography Conference CY JAN 18-19, 2011 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP VDE/VDI GMM - Soc Microelectron, Micro & Precis Engn DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; photoresist; mask roughness; mask cleaning; nanolithography ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY AB As commercialization of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) progresses, direct industry activities are being focused on near term concerns. The question of long term extendibility of EUVL, however, remains crucial given the magnitude of the investments yet required to make EUVL a reality. Extendibility questions are best addressed using advanced research tools such as the SEMATECH Berkeley microfield exposure tool (MET) and actinic inspection tool (AIT). Utilizing Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source facility as the light source, these tools benefit from the unique properties of synchrotron light enabling research at nodes generations ahead of what is possible with commercial tools. The MET for example uses extremely bright undulator radiation to enable a lossless fully programmable coherence illuminator. Using such a system, resolution enhancing illuminations achieving k1 factors of 0.25 can readily be attained. Given the MET numerical aperture of 0.3, this translates to an ultimate resolution capability of 12 nm. Using such methods, the SEMATECH Berkeley MET has demonstrated resolution in resist to 16-nm half pitch and below in an imageable spin-on hard mask. At a half pitch of 16 nm, this material achieves a line-edge roughness of 2 nm with a correlation length of 6 nm. These new results demonstrate that the observed stall in ultimate resolution progress in chemically amplified resists is a materials issue rather than a tool limitation. With a resolution limit of 20-22 nm, the CAR champion from 2008 remains as the highest performing CAR tested to date. To enable continued advanced learning in EUV resists, SEMATECH has initiated a plan to implement a 0.5 NA microfield tool at the Advanced Light Source synchrotron facility. This tool will be capable of printing down to 8-nm half pitch. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick; Anderson, Christopher N.; Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae; Denham, Paul; George, Simi; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Jones, Gideon; Mochi, Iacopo; Rekawa, Seno] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8553-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2011 VL 7985 AR 798509 DI 10.1117/12.885420 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVI31 UT WOS:000291599400008 ER PT S AU Yin, Q Lin, SC Lamothe, B Lu, M Lo, YC Hura, G Zheng, LX Rich, RL Campos, AD Myszka, DG Lenardo, MJ Darnay, BG Wu, H AF Yin, Qian Lin, Su-Chang Lamothe, Betty Lu, Miao Lo, Yu-Chih Hura, Gregory Zheng, Lixin Rich, Rebecca L. Campos, Alejandro D. Myszka, David G. Lenardo, Michael J. Darnay, Bryant G. Wu, Hao BE Wallach, D Kovalenko, A Feldman, M TI CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRAF6 REVEALS SPECIFICITY AND MECHANISM OF TRAF6-MEDIATED UBIQUITINATION SO ADVANCES IN TNF FAMILY RESEARCH SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Biennial International TNF Conference CY APR, 2009 CL San Lorenzo del Escorial, SPAIN C1 [Yin, Qian; Lin, Su-Chang; Lo, Yu-Chih; Wu, Hao] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Yin, Qian; Wu, Hao] Tri Inst Training Program Chem Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Lamothe, Betty; Campos, Alejandro D.; Darnay, Bryant G.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Therapeut, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lu, Miao; Hura, Gregory] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zheng, Lixin; Lenardo, Michael J.] NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Rich, Rebecca L.; Myszka, David G.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Ctr Biomol Interact Anal, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM haowu@med.cornell.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4419-6611-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2011 VL 691 BP 699 EP 700 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BVG74 UT WOS:000291501300142 ER PT J AU Zhu, B Govoni, P Mao, YJ Mariotti, C Wu, WM AF Zhu, Bo Govoni, Pietro Mao, Yajun Mariotti, Chiara Wu, Weimin TI Same sign WW scattering process as a probe of Higgs boson in pp collision at root s=10 TeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING AB WW scattering is an important process to study electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model at the LHC, in which the Higgs mechanism or other new physics processes must intervene to preserve the unitarity of the process below 1 TeV. This channel is expected to be one of the most sensitive to determine whether the Higgs boson exists. In this paper, the final state with two same sign Ws is studied, with a simulated sample corresponding to the integrated luminosity of 60 fb(-1) in pp collision at root s = 10 TeV. Two observables, the invariant mass of mu mu from W decays and the azimuthal angle difference between the two mu s, are utilized to distinguish the Higgs boson existence scenario from the Higgs boson absence scenario. A good signal significance for the two cases can be achieved. If we define the separation power of the analysis as the distance, in the log-likelihood plane, of pseudo-experiments outcomes in the two cases, with the total statistics expected from the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the nominal center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, the separation power will be at the level of 4 sigma. C1 [Zhu, Bo; Mao, Yajun] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Bo; Mao, Yajun] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Govoni, Pietro] Milano Bicocca Univ, Milan, Italy. [Govoni, Pietro] INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Govoni, Pietro] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Mariotti, Chiara] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Wu, Weimin] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zhu, B (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM zhub@pku.edu.cn RI lebert, thomas/H-4032-2011; Govoni, Pietro/K-9619-2016 OI Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1514-0 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 777ZC UT WOS:000291662700005 ER PT J AU Wang, DP Belharouak, I Koenig, GM Zhou, GW Amine, K AF Wang, Dapeng Belharouak, Ilias Koenig, Gary M., Jr. Zhou, Guangwen Amine, Khalil TI Growth mechanism of Ni0.3Mn0.7CO3 precursor for high capacity Li-ion battery cathodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITU X-RAY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; COPRECIPITATION METHOD; SECONDARY BATTERIES; ELECTRODES; PRECIPITATION; NUCLEATION; MANGANESE; LI2MNO3; MODELS AB Transition metal carbonate (Ni0.3Mn0.7CO3) was co-precipitated as the precursor for Li- and Mn-enriched composite materials used as advanced cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. The optimal pH range for synthesis of Ni0.3Mn0.7CO3 in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at the pilot scale was predicted by taking into account the chemical equilibriums between the products and reactants. The nucleation and growth of precursor particles were investigated during the CSTR process by monitoring particle size distributions, particle morphologies, chemical compositions, and structures with time. It was found that in the early stage of co-precipitation both the particle size distribution and the chemical composition were not homogeneous; a lead time of about 5 hours under our experiment conditions was necessary to achieve the uniformity in particle shape and chemical composition. The latter was not altered during extended times of co-precipitation; however, a continuous growth of particles resulted in relatively large particles (D-50 > 30 mu m). The electrochemical performance of the final lithiated cathode materials is reported. C1 [Wang, Dapeng; Belharouak, Ilias; Koenig, Gary M., Jr.; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Dapeng; Zhou, Guangwen] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Belharouak, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM belharouak@anl.gov RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Freedom CAR, and Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory by UChicago Argonne, LLC FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Freedom CAR, and Vehicle Technologies Office. The electron microscopy analysis was accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 25 BP 9290 EP 9295 DI 10.1039/c1jm11077b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 777JK UT WOS:000291611600049 ER PT S AU Groger, R Lookman, T AF Groeger, R. Lookman, T. BE Sandera, P TI Influence of dislocations on the spatial variation of microstructure in martensites SO MATERIALS STRUCTURE & MICROMECHANICS OF FRACTURE SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Materials Structure and Micromechanics of Fracture CY JUN 28-30, 2010 CL Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC DE mean-field; dislocation; plasticity; Landau theory; incompatibility AB The continuum theory of dislocations, as developed predominantly by Kroner and Kosevich, views each dislocation as a source of incompatibility of strains. We show that this concept can be employed efficiently in the Landau free energy functional to develop a mean-field mesoscopic model of materials with dislocations. The order parameters that represent the distortion of the parent phase (often of cubic symmetry) are written in terms of elastic strains which are themselves coupled by incompatibility constraints. Since the "strength" of the incompatibility depends on the local density of dislocations, the presence of dislocations affects the evolution of the microstructure and vice versa. An advantage of this formulation is that long range anisotropic interactions between dislocations appear naturally in the formulation of the free energy. Owing to the distortion of the crystal structure around dislocations, their presence in multiphase materials causes heterogeneous nucleation of the product phase and thus also shifts of the transformation temperature. This novel field-theoretical approach is very convenient as it allows to bridge the gap in studying the behavior of materials at the length and time scales that are not attainable by atomistic or macroscopic models. C1 [Groeger, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys Mat, Zizkova 22, Brno 61662, Czech Republic. [Lookman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Groger, R (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys Mat, Zizkova 22, Brno 61662, Czech Republic. EM groger@ipm.cz; txl@lanl.gov RI Groger, Roman/G-3608-2010; OI Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 FU Marie-Curie International Reintegration Grant [247705]; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AV0Z20410507]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the Marie-Curie International Reintegration Grant No. 247705 MesoPhysDef", and in part by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Research Project No. AV0Z20410507) and by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2011 VL 465 BP 77 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.465.77 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BVK41 UT WOS:000291704700014 ER PT S AU Allen, JD Ty, S Liu, XW AF Allen, Josef D. Ty, Sereyvathana Liu, Xiuwen BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA Du, Y TI Systems Approach to Steganalysis SO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA/IMAGE PROCESSING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Steganalysis; steganography AB Digital steganographic algorithms hide secret messages in seemingly innocent cover objects, such as images. Steganographic algorithms are rapidly evolving, reducing distortions, and making detection of altered cover objects by steganalysis algorithms more challenging. The value of current steganographic and steganalysis algorithms is difficult to evaluate until they are tested on realistic datasets. We propose a system approach to steganalysis for reliably detecting steganographic objects among a large number of images, acknowledging that most digital images are intact. The system consists of a cascade of intrinsic image formations filters (IIFFs), where the IIFFs in the early stage are designed to filter out non-stego images based on real world constraints, and the IIFFs in the late stage are designed to detect intrinsic features of specific steganographic routines. Our approach makes full use of all available constraints, leading to robust detection performance and low probability of false alarm. Our results based on a large image set from Flickr.com demonstrate the potential of our approach on large-scale real-world repositories. C1 [Allen, Josef D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allen, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-637-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8063 AR 80630P DI 10.1117/12.884353 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVJ33 UT WOS:000291644500023 ER PT S AU Allen, JD Zhao, N Yuan, JB Liu, XW AF Allen, Josef D. Zhao, Nan Yuan, Jiangbo Liu, Xiuwen BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA Du, Y TI Unsupervised Tattoo Segmentation Combining Bottom-Up and Top-Down Cues SO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA/IMAGE PROCESSING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2011 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications 2011 CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Tattoo segmentation; Tattoo; Soft Biometrics; Top-Down; Bottom-Up; Figure-Ground ID SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION; EDGE-DETECTION; COLOR MODELS AB Tattoo segmentation is challenging due to the complexity and large variance in tattoo structures. We have developed a segmentation algorithm for finding tattoos in an image. Our basic idea is split-merge: split each tattoo image into clusters through a bottom-up process, learn to merge the clusters containing skin and then distinguish tattoo from the other skin via top-down prior in the image itself. Tattoo segmentation with unknown number of clusters is transferred to a figure-ground segmentation. We have applied our segmentation algorithm on a tattoo dataset and the results have shown that our tattoo segmentation system is efficient and suitable for further tattoo classification and retrieval purpose. C1 [Allen, Josef D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allen, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM allenjd@ornl.gov; jolen217@gmail.com; yuanjiangbo@gmail.com; liux@cs.fsu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-637-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8063 AR 80630L DI 10.1117/12.884368 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BVJ33 UT WOS:000291644500020 ER PT S AU Biennier, L Sabbah, H Klippenstein, SJ Chandrasekaran, V Sims, IR Rowe, BR AF Biennier, L. Sabbah, H. Klippenstein, S. J. Chandrasekaran, V. Sims, I. R. Rowe, B. R. BE Joblin, C Tielens, AGGM TI INSIGHTS INTO THE CONDENSATION OF PAHS IN THE ENVELOPE OF IRC+10216 SO PAHS AND THE UNIVERSE: A SYMPOSIUM TO CELEBRATE THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PAH HYPOTHESIS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium to Celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the PAH Hypothesis CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, FRANCE SP CESR, LCPQ, CNRS, Univ Toulouse, INSU CNRS, Univ Paul Sabatier, CNES, Region Midi Pyrenees, Minist Enseignement Superieur & Rech, ESA, IRSAMC UPS, INC CNRS, Reseau Chimie Theor, INP CNRS, Departement Haute Garonne HO Univ Toulouse ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; CARBON GRAINS; MOLECULES; STARS; DUST; CHEMISTRY; RADICALS; ORIGIN; BANDS AB The mechanisms of nucleation and growth of carbon dust particles in circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich stars in the red giant and AGB phases of their evolution are poorly understood. It has been proposed that the transition of gas phase species to solid particles, is achieved by the formation of a critical nucleus composed of two PAHs held together by van der Waals forces. Some insights into the validity of the nucleation of PAH molecules in the envelope can be gained through the investigation of the thermodynamics of dimers, representing the first stage towards condensation. We have performed experiments to identify the temperature range over which small PAH clusters form in saturated uniform supersonic flows. The kinetics of the formation has also been investigated. The experimental data have been combined with theoretical calculations. We unambiguously demonstrate that the association of small PAHs such as pyrene (C16H10) is slower than the destruction of the dimer in warm and hot environments such as IRC +10216. Our findings challenge a formation model based on the physical stacking of small PAH units in circumstellar shells of carbon rich stars. C1 [Biennier, L.; Sabbah, H.; Chandrasekaran, V.; Sims, I. R.; Rowe, B. R.] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6251, Inst Phys Rennes,Equipe Astrochim Expt, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Sabbah, H.] Stanford Univ, Chem Dept, Zarelab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Klippenstein, S. J.] Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chandrasekaran, V.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Inst Sci Mol, CNRS UMR 5255, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Biennier, L (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6251, Inst Phys Rennes,Equipe Astrochim Expt, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France. RI Sabbah, Hassan/E-6202-2013; Biennier, Ludovic/O-1618-2014; OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187; Chandrasekaran, Vijayanand/0000-0002-8314-8611 FU Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research [3405-3]; French Programmes of Physique Stellaire; Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire; NASA's Planetary Atmospheres Program [NNH09AK24I]; US Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (Project number 3405-3). This work is also supported by the French Programmes of Physique Stellaire and of Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire. The theoretical work (S.J.K.) has been supported by NASAs Planetary Atmospheres Program through grant NNH09AK24I and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0624-9 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2011 VL 46 BP 191 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1146020 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BVJ75 UT WOS:000291672700020 ER PT J AU Gludovatz, B Wurster, S Weingartner, T Hoffmann, A Pippan, R AF Gludovatz, B. Wurster, S. Weingaertner, T. Hoffmann, A. Pippan, R. TI Influence of impurities on the fracture behaviour of tungsten SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE impurities; Auger electron spectroscopy; grain boundaries; grain size; grain shape; brittle; intergranular fracture; transgranular fracture ID HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; POLYCRYSTALLINE TUNGSTEN; TOUGHNESS; ALLOYS AB Ten tungsten materials with different impurity concentrations and different microstructures have been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with respect to their fracture behaviour. For almost all samples, both inter- and transgranular fracture are observed, and the proportion of each type varies. Due to the difference in their impurity content and grain boundary area, a large variation in the grain boundary impurities can be expected. By analysing the fracture surfaces the effect of grain boundary impurities, especially phosphorous and oxygen, on the fracture resistance of the boundaries was determined. The results indicate that for the analysed tungsten materials, grain boundary impurities do not have a significant influence on the fracture resistance of the boundaries. Other factors such as the size and shape of the grains, the amount of deformation and therefore the density of dislocations within the grains have a greater impact on the fracture behaviour of tungsten. C1 [Gludovatz, B.; Wurster, S.; Pippan, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Erich Schmid Inst Mat Sci, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. [Gludovatz, B.; Pippan, R.] Christian Doppler Lab Local Anal Deformat & Fract, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. [Weingaertner, T.] Inst Mat Res I, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Hoffmann, A.] Plansee Metall GmbH, A-6600 Reutte, Austria. RP Gludovatz, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bpgludovatz@lbl.gov OI Wurster, Stefan/0000-0001-9217-2093; Gludovatz, Bernd/0000-0002-2420-3879 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 22 BP 3006 EP 3020 DI 10.1080/14786435.2011.558861 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 779NK UT WOS:000291784800003 ER PT J AU Thomas, KJ Mei, DM Heise, J Durben, D Salve, R AF Thomas, K. J. Mei, D. -M. Heise, J. Durben, D. Salve, R. BE Ford, R TI Radon Monitoring and Early Low Background Counting at the Sanford Underground Laboratory SO TOPICAL WORKSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES - LRT 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT 2010) CY AUG 28-29, 2010 CL SNOLAB Surface Facil, Sudbury, CANADA SP SNOLAB HO SNOLAB Surface Facil DE Homestake Mine; Sanford Underground Laboratory; radon AB Radon detectors have been deployed underground at the Sanford Underground Laboratory at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, SD. Currently, no radon mitigation measures are in place in the underground environment, and the continuing evolution of the facility ventilation systems has led to significant variations in early airborne radon concentrations. The average radon concentration measured near the primary ventilation intake for the 4850-ft level (Yates shaft) is 391 Bq/m(3), based on approximately 146 days of data. The corresponding average radon concentration near the other main ventilation intake for the 4850-ft level (Ross shaft) is 440 Bq/m(3) based on approximately 350 days of data. Measurements have also been collected near the 1250-ft level Ross shaft, with average radon concentrations at 180 Bq/m(3). Secondary factors that may increase the baseline radon level underground include the presence of iron oxide and moisture, which are known to enhance radon emanation. The results of the current radon monitoring program will be used for the planning of future measurements and any potential optimization of ventilation parameters for the reduction of radon in relevant areas underground. C1 [Thomas, K. J.; Mei, D. -M.] Univ S Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Heise, J.] Sanford Lab Homestake, Lead, SD 57754 USA. [Durben, D.] Black Hills State Univ, Spearfish, SD USA. [Salve, R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, KJ (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1338 BP 81 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579563 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL78 UT WOS:000291830900011 ER PT J AU Guiseppe, VE Elliott, SR Hime, A Rielage, K Westerdale, S AF Guiseppe, V. E. Elliott, S. R. Hime, A. Rielage, K. Westerdale, S. BE Ford, R TI A Radon Progeny Deposition Model SO TOPICAL WORKSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES - LRT 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT 2010) CY AUG 28-29, 2010 CL SNOLAB Surface Facil, Sudbury, CANADA SP SNOLAB HO SNOLAB Surface Facil DE radon; low background; surface contamination AB The next generation low-background detectors operating underground aim for unprecedented low levels of radioactive backgrounds. Although the radioactive decays of airborne radon (particularly Rn-222)and its subsequent progeny present in an experiment are potential backgrounds, also problematic is the deposition of radon progeny on detector materials. Exposure to radon at any stage of assembly of an experiment can result in surface contamination by progeny supported by the long half life (22 y) of Pb-210 on sensitive locations of a detector. An understanding of the potential surface contamination from deposition will enable requirements of radon-reduced air and clean room environments for the assembly of low background experiments. It is known that there are a number of environmental factors that govern the deposition of progeny onto surfaces. However, existing models have not explored the impact of some environmental factors important for low background experiments. A test stand has been constructed to deposit radon progeny on various surfaces under a controlled environment in order to develop a deposition model. Results from this test stand and the resulting deposition model are presented. C1 [Guiseppe, V. E.] Univ S Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Elliott, S. R.; Hime, A.; Rielage, K.; Westerdale, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Westerdale, S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Guiseppe, VE (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. OI Rielage, Keith/0000-0002-7392-7152; Westerdale, Shawn/0000-0001-8824-6205 FU Research and Development Program at Los Alamos; Office of Research at the University of South Dakota FX This work was made possible by support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos and the Office of Research at the University of South Dakota. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1338 BP 95 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579565 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL78 UT WOS:000291830900013 ER PT J AU Hans, S Yeh, M Cumming, JB Hahn, RL AF Hans, S. Yeh, M. Cumming, J. B. Hahn, R. L. BE Ford, R TI Radio-Purification of Neodymium Chloride SO TOPICAL WORKSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES - LRT 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT 2010) CY AUG 28-29, 2010 CL SNOLAB Surface Facil, Sudbury, CANADA SP SNOLAB HO SNOLAB Surface Facil DE Neodymium; Neutrino; Thorium; Lanthanide Purification ID LIQUID SCINTILLATOR; OSCILLATIONS; REACTORS AB Organometallic liquid scintillator becomes one of the man detection mediums for neutrino experiment. Liquid-liquid extraction is the method of choice for loading metallic ions of interest into the organic solvents at BNL. High purity of all starting materials is essential for the optimization of synthesis. A newly developed "self-scavenging" technique was applied to purify undesired radioisotopes from the starring metal compound and found to effectively remove thorium and such containments from the neodymium chloride for SNO+. C1 [Hans, S.; Yeh, M.; Cumming, J. B.; Hahn, R. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yeh, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yeh@bnl.gov RI Cumming, James/I-3358-2013 OI Cumming, James/0000-0001-6930-0958 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1338 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1063/1.3579577 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL78 UT WOS:000291830900025 ER PT J AU Keefer, G AF Keefer, Gregory BE Ford, R TI Laboratory Studies of Lead Removal from Liquid Scintillator in Preparation for KamLAND's Low Background Phase SO TOPICAL WORKSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES - LRT 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT 2010) CY AUG 28-29, 2010 CL SNOLAB Surface Facil, Sudbury, CANADA SP SNOLAB HO SNOLAB Surface Facil DE KamLAND; Liquid Scintillator; Neutrino Oscillations; Solar Neutrinos; Purification; Distillation; Silica Gel AB The removal of Radon induced Lead from liquid scintillator was extensively studied in preparation for KamLAND's low background phase. This work presents the results from laboratory experiments performed at the University of Alabama and their implications for KamLAND and future low background experiments using carbon based liquid scintillator. It was observed that distillation was the most effective purification procedure and that one must consider a non-polar and non-ionic component of Lead in order to reach the levels of radio-purity required for these new class of ultra-low background experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Keefer, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1338 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1063/1.3579578 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL78 UT WOS:000291830900026 ER PT J AU Back, HO Alexander, T Alton, A Galbiati, C Goretti, A Kendziora, C Loer, B Montanari, D Mosteiro, P Pordes, S Rogers, H AF Back, H. O. Alexander, T. Alton, A. Galbiati, C. Goretti, A. Kendziora, C. Loer, B. Montanari, D. Mosteiro, P. Pordes, S. Rogers, H. BE Ford, R TI Depleted Argon from Underground Sources SO TOPICAL WORKSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES - LRT 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT 2010) CY AUG 28-29, 2010 CL SNOLAB Surface Facil, Sudbury, CANADA SP SNOLAB HO SNOLAB Surface Facil DE argon; cryogenic; distillation; dark matter; scintillator; time projection chamber AB Argon is a strong scintillator and an ideal target for Dark Matter detection; however Ar-39 contamination in atmospheric argon from cosmic ray interactions limits the size of liquid argon dark matter detectors due to pile-up. Argon from deep underground is depleted in Ar-39 due to the cosmic ray shielding of the earth. In Cortez, Colorado, a CO2 well has been discovered to contain approximately 600ppm of argon as a contamination in the CO2. We first concentrate the argon locally to 3% in an Ar, N-2, and He mixture, from the CO2 through chromatographic gas separation, and then the N-2 and He will be removed by continuous distillation to purify the argon. We have collected 26 kg of argon from the CO2 facility and a cryogenic distillation column is under construction at Fermilab to further purify the argon. C1 [Back, H. O.; Galbiati, C.; Goretti, A.; Loer, B.; Montanari, D.; Mosteiro, P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kendziora, C.; Pordes, S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Alexander, T.; Alton, A.; Rogers, H.] Augusta Coll, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. RP Back, HO (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1338 BP 217 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579584 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BVL78 UT WOS:000291830900032 ER PT J AU Tricault, Y Fealy, R Colbach, N Mullins, E AF Tricault, Y. Fealy, R. Colbach, N. Mullins, E. TI Towards an optimal management regime to facilitate the coexistence of GM herbicide tolerant and non-GM oilseed rape SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Oilseed rape; Coexistence; Herbicide tolerance ID CANOLA BRASSICA-NAPUS; GENE FLOW; CROPPING SYSTEM; MODEL; VOLUNTEERS; ESCAPE; CROPS; POPULATIONS; VARIETIES; TIME AB Although a national strategy for the coexistence of GM and conventional/organic crops in Ireland has been published (McGill et al 2005) measures pertaining to the coexistence of GM and non-GM oilseed rape (OSR) crops was omitted pending the completion of regional specific research As the evaluation of gene flow between coexisting OSR varieties cannot be solely studied through field experiments and to assist policy makers in the generation of coexistence guidelines for GM herbicide tolerant (HT) OSR the present work utilized the gene flow model GENESYS to simulate the influence of management strategies on gene escape from GM OSR across the Irish agri-environment The model predicted that the incorporation of GMHT OSR into an existing winter wheat-based rotation without a complimentary modification to the cropping regime would rapidly compromise coexistence recorded as the % harvest impurities in non-GM OSR crops at the silo and the % of non-GM OSR fields whose harvest exceeded the European Union labelling threshold of 09% GM content Enhanced herbicide efficacy the application of spring weed control the inclusion of a single spring crop (potato barley maize) post-OSR reduced regional harvest impurities in non-GM OSR crops below the 09% threshold The simulations showed that the establishment of GM zones by clustering of GMHT OSR fields presents for early adopters a viable mechanism to achieve coexistence with neighboring non-GM OSR sites By incorporating a 50 m non-OSR (GM/non-GM) buffer zone to circumvent each GM cluster the simulations concluded that regional harvest purity can be assured with up to 6 separate clusters accommodating up to 10% regional GM adoption across the landscape Significantly these simulations were completed using GMHT OSR as a break crop in the standard winter wheat rotation which in previous simulations was deemed to be impractical for coexistence purposes Organizing cultivation through GM clusters presents a workable option to those early adopters who will seek to investigate the potential of the technology by (i) concentrating the necessity for intensive volunteer control in a specific localised area (ii) increasing the potential for allocating machinery via GM/non-GM purposes and (iii) facilitating regulatory requirements in regards to farmer-to-farmer communication (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Mullins, E.] TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Plant Biotechnol Unit, Carlow, Ireland. [Tricault, Y.; Colbach, N.] INRA, UMR Biol & Gest Adventices 1210, F-21000 Dijon, France. [Fealy, R.] TEAGASC, Spatial Anal Unit, Rural Econ Res Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. RP Mullins, E (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Plant Biotechnol Unit, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. RI Fealy, Reamonn/D-4880-2013; Colbach, Nathalie/C-6677-2014; martel, celine/M-9779-2014; OI Fealy, Reamonn/0000-0003-4534-1530; Colbach, Nathalie/0000-0002-3791-037X; martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558; Mullins, Ewen/0000-0003-3005-4264 FU Department of Agriculture Fisheries; Food s Research Stimulus Fund [RSF 06 342] FX This work was supported through the Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Food s Research Stimulus Fund (RSF 06 342) NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2010.10.001 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 697DU UT WOS:000285493600004 ER PT J AU Xiong, J Qin, WF Yu, MA Tao, BW Zhang, N Zhang, F Feng, XA Song, XK Li, YR AF Xiong, Jie Qin, Wenfeng Yu, Miao Tao, Bowan Zhang, Ning Zhang, Fei Feng, Xiao Song, Xiaoke Li, Yanrong TI Single cerium zirconate buffer layer on biaxially textured metal substrates for high performance coated conductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; Y2O3 FILM; DEPOSITION; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; STRESS AB Textured cerium zirconate (Ce (x) Zr(1-x) O(2)) films were deposited on biaxially textured Ni-5at.%W substrate by direct-current (dc) reactive magnetron sputtering for low cost production of high performance YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) coated conductors. Film composition was controlled by modulating dc power applied to the Ce metal target. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all the samples exhibit epitaxial growth, with c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. The YBCO film deposited directly on the Ce(0.32)Zr(0.68)O(2) layer for optimized lattice matching shows a transition temperature T (c) and critical current density J (c) (75.5 K, self field) of 90.4 K and 1.3 MA/cm(2). The in-field dependence of J (c) is similar to the standard CeO(2)/YSZ/CeO(2) buffered samples. These results demonstrate that a single Ce (x) Zr(1-x) O(2) buffer layer, instead of CeO(2)/YSZ/CeO(2) multi-buffer layers for the fabrication of YBCO coated conductors, provides advantages such as simplified architecture and potentially reduced cost due to the reduced fabrication steps. C1 [Xiong, Jie; Yu, Miao; Tao, Bowan; Zhang, Ning; Zhang, Fei; Feng, Xiao; Song, Xiaoke; Li, Yanrong] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Film & Integrated Device, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Xiong, Jie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Qin, Wenfeng] Civil Aviat Flight Univ China, Civil Aviat Engineer Inst, Guanghan 618307, Peoples R China. RP Xiong, J (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Film & Integrated Device, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM bearbear622@163.com FU National Science Foundation of China [50902017]; New Teacher Foundation of Doctoral Points of Education Ministry of China [200806141023] FX The authors are grateful to Professor Q.X.Jia (Los Alamos National Laboratory) for fruitful discussion and to D.M. Feldman (Los Alamos National Laboratory) for assistance with superconducting property measurements. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 50902017 and the New Teacher Foundation of Doctoral Points of Education Ministry of China (Grant Nos. 200806141023) for this study. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4952-z PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 700PG UT WOS:000285755800026 ER PT J AU Day, MB Hodell, DA Brenner, M Curtis, JH Kamenov, GD Guilderson, TP Peterson, LC Kenney, WF Kolata, AL AF Day, Mary Beth Hodell, David A. Brenner, Mark Curtis, Jason H. Kamenov, George D. Guilderson, Thomas P. Peterson, Larry C. Kenney, William F. Kolata, Alan L. TI Middle to late Holocene initiation of the annual flood pulse in Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tonle Sap Lake; Flood pulse; Mekong River; Cambodia; Radiogenic isotopes ID SEDIMENT; CALIBRATION; RECORD; CHINA; CAVE; SEA AB Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, possesses one of the most productive inland fisheries in the world and is a vital natural resource for the country. The lake is connected to the Mekong River via the Tonle Sap River. Flow in the Tonle Sap River reverses seasonally, with water exiting the lake in the dry season and entering the lake during the summer monsoon. This flood pulse drives the lake's biological productivity. We used Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes and elemental concentrations in lake sediment cores to track changes in the provenance of deposits in Tonle Sap Lake. We sought to determine when the lake first began to receive water and sediment input via the Mekong River, which initiated flood pulse processes. The transition from a non-pulsing lake to the Mekong-connected system is marked by shifts to values of (87)Sr/(86)Sr, epsilon(Nd), and (207)Pb/(204)Pb that are characteristic of Mekong River sediments. In addition, magnetic susceptibility increased and sediment elemental composition changed. Elemental (P) measures point to enhanced phosphorus loading and C/N and isotope ratios of bulk organic matter indicate a shift to greater relative contribution of organic material from aquatic versus terrestrial environments, coinciding with the initiation of flood pulse processes. On the basis of radiocarbon dating in two cores, we estimate the initiation of the annual flood pulse occurred between similar to 4,450 and 3,910 cal year BP. C1 [Brenner, Mark; Kenney, William F.] Univ Florida, Land Use & Environm Change Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Day, Mary Beth; Brenner, Mark; Curtis, Jason H.; Kamenov, George D.; Kenney, William F.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Peterson, Larry C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kolata, Alan L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Anthropol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hodell, David A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Godwin Lab Palaeoclimate Res, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. RP Day, MB (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Godwin Lab Palaeoclimate Res, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM mbd33@cam.ac.uk OI Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687 FU Marion and Adolph Lichtstern Fund; NERC [1452.1009]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported, in part, by research funds provided by the Marion and Adolph Lichtstern Fund and the Neukom Family Distinguished Service Professorship held by ALK. Additional support to MBD was provided by the Gates Cambridge Trust and a University of Florida Alumni Fellowship. Radiocarbon analyses for core TS-18-XII-03 were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Radiocarbon analyses for core CHH-17-XII-03 were funded by NERC Radiocarbon Analysis Allocation Number 1452.1009. Many thanks to Simon Crowhurst, Gianna Browne and Jaime Escobar for their enthusiastic assistance in the lab. This work was completed under authorization from the Ministry of the Environment of the Kingdom of Cambodia and with permission of the Director of the APSARA Authority. We greatly appreciate logistical support provided by the Center for Khmer Studies, particularly former executive director Dr. Philippe Peycam. Thanks also to Laurent Holdener, Jake Janisa, Yi Sokpol, KotYiNey, Meas Uon, Heng Poy, and Kun Ny for their help in the field. Finally, we would like to acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s10933-010-9482-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 702YE UT WOS:000285931000007 ER PT S AU Crabtree, G Sarrao, J AF Crabtree, George Sarrao, John BE Langer, JS TI Controlling the Functionality of Materials for Sustainable Energy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, VOL 2 SE Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE superconductivity; electricity delivery; solar water splitting; catalysis ID THERMOCHEMICAL HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; ANATASE TIO2 PHOTOCATALYSTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER; FIELD; NANOSTRUCTURES; LIMITATIONS; GENERATION; MOLECULES AB Our understanding and control of sustainable energy technologies is in its infancy. Many sustainable energy phenomena depend on the exchange of photons and electrons among quantized energy levels of semiconductors, molecules, and metals at nanoscale spatial scales and at fast or ultrafast time scales. Improving the performance of sustainable energy technologies to make them competitive with fossil technologies requires probing and understanding these quantum phenomena with advanced scientific techniques. This understanding must then be translated into control of the functionality and performance of the materials and chemistry that govern sustainable energy technologies. The review begins by contrasting the foundations of fossil fuel technology based on combustion, heat, and classical thermodynamics with the foundations of sustainable energy technology based on quantum exchange of energy among photons, chemical bonds, and electrons without conversion to heat. Two sets of tools that are essential to observe, understand, and control the quantum phenomena of sustainable energy are described: in situ and time-resolved experiments and theory, and numerical modeling of the functionality of large assemblies of atoms. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for understanding and ultimately controlling sustainable energy phenomena are presented for catalysis, solar water splitting, and superconductivity. C1 [Crabtree, George] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sarrao, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Crabtree, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM crabtree@anl.gov; sarrao@lanl.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1947-5454 BN 978-0-8243-5002-4 J9 ANNU REV CONDEN MA P JI Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2011 VL 2 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140447 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BUD23 UT WOS:000288917400014 ER PT J AU Sambasivan, SK Udaykumar, HS AF Sambasivan, Shiv K. Udaykumar, H. S. TI A sharp interface method for high-speed multi-material flows: strong shocks and arbitrary materialpairs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE sharp interface methods; Cartesian grid methods; local mesh refinement; ghost fluid method (GFM); compressible multiphase flows; compressible multi-material flows; shock-interface interactions ID GHOST FLUID METHOD; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SOLID PARTICLES; COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; INDUCED COLLAPSE; RIEMANN PROBLEM; DROPLET IMPACT; SCHEMES; WAVE AB A general framework is developed for solving high-speed and high-intensity multi-material interaction problems on adaptively refined Cartesian meshes. The framework is applicable for interfaces separating materials with very different properties and in the presence of strong shocks. A sharp interface treatment is maintained through a modified Ghost Fluid Method. The embedded boundaries are tracked and represented with level sets. A tree-based Local Mesh Refinement scheme is employed to efficiently resolve the desired physics. Results are shown for situations that cover varied combination of materials (fluids, rigid solids and deformable solids) with careful benchmarking to establish the validity and the versatility of the approach. C1 [Udaykumar, H. S.] Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Seamans Ctr 3131, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sambasivan, Shiv K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Udaykumar, HS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Seamans Ctr 3131, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ush@engineering.uiowa.edu FU AFOSR computational mathematics group; AFRL-MNAC FX The work was performed under the grants from the AFOSR computational mathematics group (Program Manager: Dr. Fariba Fahroo) and from the AFRL-MNAC (Eglin AFB, Program Manager: Dr. Michael E. Nixon). NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 139 EP 162 AR PII 938101507 DI 10.1080/10618562.2011.558011 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 775TG UT WOS:000291485700003 ER PT J AU Bruni, G Bruschi, M D'Antone, I Dopke, J Falchieri, D Flick, T Gabrielli, A Grosse-Knetter, J Joseph, J Krieger, N Kugel, A Morettini, P Polini, A Rizzi, M Schroer, NC Travaglini, R Zannoli, S Zoccoli, A AF Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. D'Antone, I. Dopke, J. Falchieri, D. Flick, T. Gabrielli, A. Grosse-Knetter, J. Joseph, J. Krieger, N. Kugel, A. Morettini, P. Polini, A. Rizzi, M. Schroer, N. C. Travaglini, R. Zannoli, S. Zoccoli, A. TI ATLAS IBL: integration of new HW/SW readout features for the additional layer of Pixel Detector SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Digital signal processing (DSP); Data acquisition concepts AB An additional inner layer for the existing ATLAS Pixel Detector, called Insertable B-Layer (IBL), is under design. The front-end electronics features a new readout ASIC, named FE-I4, which requires new off-detector electronics, currently realized with two VME-based boards: the Back Of Crate module (BOC) implements optical I/O functionality and the ReadOut Driver module (ROD) implements data processing functionality, plus a Timing Interface Module (TIM). This paper presents a proposal for the IBL readout system, mainly focusing on the ROD board. C1 [Falchieri, D.; Gabrielli, A.; Zannoli, S.; Zoccoli, A.] Univ Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Bruni, G.; Bruschi, M.; D'Antone, I.; Falchieri, D.; Gabrielli, A.; Polini, A.; Rizzi, M.; Travaglini, R.; Zannoli, S.; Zoccoli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Dopke, J.; Flick, T.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys C, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Grosse-Knetter, J.; Krieger, N.] Univ Goettingen, Inst Phys 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Joseph, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. [Kugel, A.; Schroer, N. C.] Heidelberg Univ, ZITI, LS Informat 5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. [Morettini, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RP Falchieri, D (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM davide.falchieri@bo.infn.it RI Gabrielli, Alessandro/H-4931-2012 OI Gabrielli, Alessandro/0000-0001-5346-7841 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 AR C01018 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01018 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 773XS UT WOS:000291345600023 ER PT J AU Chramowicz, J Kwan, S Rivera, R Prosser, A AF Chramowicz, J. Kwan, S. Rivera, R. Prosser, A. TI Parallel optics technology assessment for the Versatile Link project SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Optical detector readout concepts; Electronic detector readout concepts (solid-state) AB This poster describes the assessment of commercially available and prototype parallel optics modules for possible use as back end components for the Versatile Link common project. The assessment covers SNAP12 transmitter and receiver modules as well as optical engine technologies in dense packaging options. Tests were performed using vendor evaluation boards (SNAP12) as well as custom evaluation boards (optical engines). The measurements obtained were used to compare the performance of these components with single channel SFP+ components operating at a transmission wavelength of 850 nm over multimode fibers. C1 [Chramowicz, J.; Kwan, S.; Rivera, R.; Prosser, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Prosser, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Pine St, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM aprosser@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 AR C01009 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01009 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 773XS UT WOS:000291345600014 ER PT J AU Gong, D Liu, C Liu, T Huffman, T Prosser, A Troska, J Vasey, F Weidberg, A Xiang, A Ye, J Zhu, L AF Gong, D. Liu, C. Liu, T. Huffman, T. Prosser, A. Troska, J. Vasey, F. Weidberg, A. Xiang, A. Ye, J. Zhu, L. TI Link model simulation and power penalty specification of the versatile link systems SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Optical detector readout concepts; Radiation-hard electronics; Front-end electronics for detector readout AB This paper presents simulation and experimental studies of optical power penalties on the Versatile Link, a common R&D project on high-speed optical link for SLHC experiments. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) link model is examined and conservative link power penalties are predicted. We conduct parameter sensitivity analyses and find that the transmitter characteristics affect the link power penalties most. Power penalty differences of multi-mode and single-mode commerical transceiver modules over different fiber lengths are tested to be within the simulation limits. The optical power budgets are then proposed for different Versatile Link variants. C1 [Gong, D.; Liu, C.; Liu, T.; Xiang, A.; Ye, J.; Zhu, L.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Huffman, T.; Weidberg, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Prosser, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Elect Syst Engn, Batavia, IL USA. [Troska, J.; Vasey, F.] CERN, Phys & Engn Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Xiang, A (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM cxiang@smu.edu FU US-ATLAS; US Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge the US-ATLAS R&D program and the US Department of Energy for funding this work. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Gary Evans from SMU, Dr. Jim Tatum from Finisar and John Chramowicz from FNAL for beneficial discussions. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 AR C01088 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01088 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 773XS UT WOS:000291345600093 ER PT J AU Popov, V AF Popov, V. TI Advanced data readout technique for Multianode Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube applicable in radiation imaging detectors SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Analogue electronic circuits; Gamma camera, SPECT, PET PET/CT, coronary CT angiography (CTA); Front-end electronics for detector readout AB Most of the best performing PSPMT tubes from Hamamatsu and Burle are designed with a pad-matrix anode layout. However, for obtaining a high resolution, a small-sized anode photomultiplier tubes are preferable; these tubes may have 64, 256 or 1024 anodes per tube. If the tubes are used in array to get a larger area detector, the number of analog channels may range from hundreds to thousands. Multichannel analog readout requires special electronics ICs, ASICs etc., which are attached to multichannel DAQ system. As a result, the data file and data processing time will be increased. Therefore, this readout could not be performed in a small project. Usually, most of radiation imaging applications allow the use of analog data processing in front-end electronics, significantly reducing the number of the detector's output lines to data acquisition without reducing the image quality. The idea of pad-matrix decoupling circuit with gain correction was invented and intensively tested in JLab. Several versions of PSPMT readout electronics were produced and studied. All developments were done and optimized specifically for radiation imaging projects. They covered high resolution SPECT, high speed PET, fast neutron imaging, and single tube and multi tube array systems. This paper presents and discusses the summary of the observed results in readout electronics evaluation with different PSPMTs and radiation imaging systems, as well as the advantages and limitations of the developed approach to radiation imaging detectors readout. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Popov, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. EM popov@jlab.org FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 AR C01061 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01061 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 773XS UT WOS:000291345600066 ER PT J AU Popov, V Degtiarenko, P Musatov, I AF Popov, V. Degtiarenko, P. Musatov, I. TI New detector for use in fast neutron radiography SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Inspection with neutrons; Neutron detectors (cold, thermal, fast neutrons); Neutron radiography AB We have developed and tested a new detector for use in the fast neutron (FN) imaging radiography applications, which is distinct from other presently known FN imagers. Our device implements a neutron-sensitive scintillator attached to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube, and operates in the event-by-event readout mode, acquiring energy, timing, and pulse shape information for all detected radiation events. This information is used to help separate events of FN interactions in the scintillator from the background events, caused by the electronics noise and by other types of background radiation. The detector performance for FN imaging application was tested using the D-D neutron generator, designed and manufactured by Adelphi Technology, Inc. This essentially point-like neutron source operates in continuous mode, producing up to 10(9) of 2.5MeV neutrons per second. Samples made of metals, plastic, and other materials were used to measure the detector resolution, efficiency and uniformity. Results of these tests are presented and discussed. Both X and Y position resolutions of the FN imaging detector are estimated to be less than 0.5 mm (sigma). Because this detector shows the fraction-of-a-millimeter resolution desirable for most of FN applications, is capable of good neutron-background separation, and is built using radiation hard materials, we believe that it could be a good alternative to other FN imaging systems based on CCD or solid state detectors. In addition, because of its sub-nanosecond timing resolution, it is suitable for the time-of-flight energy-resolved FN imaging. C1 [Popov, V.; Degtiarenko, P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. [Musatov, I.] Lintech Inc, Newport News, VA USA. RP Popov, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. EM popov@jlab.org FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX Authored jointly by Lintech, Inc., LLC, and by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 AR C01029 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01029 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 773XS UT WOS:000291345600034 ER PT J AU Zivkovic, V Schipper, JD Kluit, R Garcia-Sciveres, M Mekkaoui, A Barbero, M Beccherle, R Gnani, D Hemperek, T Karagounis, M Menouni, M Fougeron, D Gensolen, F Gromov, V Kruth, A Darbo, G Fleury, J Clemens, JC Dube, S Elledge, D Rozanove, A Arutinov, D AF Zivkovic, V. Schipper, J. -D. Kluit, R. Garcia-Sciveres, M. Mekkaoui, A. Barbero, M. Beccherle, R. Gnani, D. Hemperek, T. Karagounis, M. Menouni, M. Fougeron, D. Gensolen, F. Gromov, V. Kruth, A. Darbo, G. Fleury, J. Clemens, J. -C. Dube, S. Elledge, D. Rozanove, A. Arutinov, D. TI The design for test architecture in digital section of the ATLAS FE-I4 chip SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE VLSI circuits; Detection of defects; Digital electronic circuits AB This paper describes an original Design-for-Test (DfT) architecture implemented in the ATLAS FE-I4 pixel readout System-on-Chip (Soc) to accommodate the higher quality demands of future generation LHC detectors. To ensure that the highest possible number of fault-free devices is used for the detector construction, the so-called production test to detect faulty devices after the manufacturing has to be executed. For that reason, we devised a straightforward and effective DfT circuitry inside the digital part of the FE-I4 that will enable high fault coverage of potential structural faults while maintaining the performance and area penalties of the entire design negligible. C1 [Zivkovic, V.; Schipper, J. -D.; Kluit, R.; Gromov, V.; Elledge, D.] Natl Inst Subatomaire Fys, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Garcia-Sciveres, M.; Mekkaoui, A.; Gnani, D.; Dube, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barbero, M.; Hemperek, T.; Karagounis, M.; Kruth, A.; Arutinov, D.] Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Beccherle, R.; Darbo, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Menouni, M.; Fougeron, D.; Gensolen, F.; Clemens, J. -C.; Rozanove, A.] Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France. [Fleury, J.] Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Zivkovic, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Subatomaire Fys, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM vladiz@nikhef.nl RI Gnani, Dario/J-6426-2012; OI Gnani, Dario/0000-0003-0464-9176; Kruth, Andre/0000-0002-6273-8778 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 AR C01090 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01090 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 773XS UT WOS:000291345600095 ER PT S AU Dugger, MT AF Dugger, Michael T. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Tribological Challenges in MEMS and Their Mitigation Via Vapor Phase Lubrication SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE wear; lubrication; MEMS; friction; vapor; alcohol ID AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS; MATERIALS ISSUES; THIN-FILMS; DEVICES; MICROMOTORS; TECHNOLOGY; DEPOSITION; MONOLAYERS; FRICTION; BEHAVIOR AB MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) have become commercially successful in a number of niche applications. However, commercial success has only been possible where design, operating conditions, and materials result in devices that are not very sensitive to tribological effects. The use of MEMS in defense and national security applications will typically involve more challenging environments, with higher reliability and more complex functionality than required of commercial applications. This in turn will necessitate solutions to the challenges that have plagued MEMS since their inception - namely, adhesion, friction and wear. Adhesion during fabrication and immediately post-release has largely been resolved using hydrophobic coatings, but these coatings are not mechanically durable and do not inhibit surface degradation during extended operation. Tribological challenges in MEMS and approaches to mitigate the effects of adhesion, friction and wear are discussed. A new concept for lubrication of silicon MEMS using gas phase species is introduced. This "vapor phase lubrication" process has resulted in remarkable operating life of devices that rely on mechanical contact. VPL is also an effective lubrication approach for materials other than silicon, where traditional lubrication approaches are not feasible. The current status and remaining challenges for maturation of VPL are highlighted. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dugger, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80311H DI 10.1117/12.884509 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400047 ER PT S AU Herrera, GV Myers, DR AF Herrera, Gilbert V. Myers, David R. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI An Analysis of Microsystems Development at Sandia National Laboratories SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE microsystems; MEMS; technology evolution AB While Sandia initially was motivated to investigate emergent microsystem technology to miniaturize existing macroscale structures, present designs embody innovative approaches that directly exploit the fundamentally different material properties of a new technology at the micro- and nano-scale. Direct, hands-on experience with the emerging technology gave Sandia engineers insights that not only guided the evolution of the technology but also enabled them to address new applications that enlarged the customer base for the new technology. Sandia's early commitment to develop complex microsystems demonstrated the advantages that early adopters gain by developing an extensive design and process tool kit and a shared awareness of multiple approaches to achieve the multiple goals. As with any emergent technology, Sandia's program benefited from interactions with the larger technical community. However, custom development followed a spiral path of direct trial-and-error experience, analysis, quantification of materials properties at the micro- and nano-scale, evolution of design tools and process recipes, and an understanding of reliability factors and failure mechanisms even in extreme environments. The microsystems capability at Sandia relied on three key elements. The first was people: a mix of mechanical and semiconductor engineers, chemists, physical scientists, designers, and numerical analysts. The second was a unique facility that enabled the development of custom technologies without contaminating mainline product deliveries. The third was the arrival of specialized equipment as part of a Cooperative Research And Development Agreement (CRADA) enabled by the National Competitiveness Technology Transfer Act of 1989. Underpinning all these, the program was guided and sustained through the research and development phases by accomplishing intermediate milestones addressing direct mission needs. C1 [Herrera, Gilbert V.; Myers, David R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Herrera, GV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80311E DI 10.1117/12.884539 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400044 ER PT S AU Kemme, SA Scrymgeour, DA Ellis, AR Cruz-Cabrera, AA Boye, RR Wendt, JR Carter, TR Samora, S AF Kemme, S. A. Scrymgeour, D. A. Ellis, A. R. Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Boye, R. R. Wendt, J. R. Carter, T. R. Samora, S. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Imaging a Linearly or Circularly Polarized Scene: Micro-Components and Shrimp SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Polarimetry; diffraction; micro polarizers; waveplates; arrays; pixelated; circular polarization; imaging; visible; infrared ID WIRE GRID POLARIZERS; MICROPOLARIZER ARRAYS; MANTIS SHRIMPS; POLARIMETRY; VISION; BACKSCATTERING; FABRICATION; WAVES; LIGHT AB Polarimetric imaging captures the polarization state of light from all the points of a scene. Snapshot polarimetric imaging collects the Stokes' parameters spatial distribution simultaneously. We will discuss state-of-the-art achievements and some fundamental diffraction limitations in polarimetric imaging with an array of micro-components. We will also look at the natural vision system of the mantis shrimp, with many of these same sensing abilities. The evolved and exquisite vision system possesses a recently-discovered circular polarization capability. This comprehensive polarization vision may enable imaging/communicating advantages in the underwater environment as well as more general turbid environments such as smoke and fog. C1 [Kemme, S. A.; Scrymgeour, D. A.; Ellis, A. R.; Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Boye, R. R.; Wendt, J. R.; Carter, T. R.; Samora, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kemme, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sakemme@sandia.gov RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80310P DI 10.1117/12.885278 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400022 ER PT S AU Mane, AU Peng, Q Wetstein, MJ Wagner, RG Frisch, HJ Siegmund, OHW Minot, MJ Adams, BW Chollet, MC Elam, JW AF Mane, Anil U. Peng, Qing Wetstein, Matthew J. Wagner, Robert G. Frisch, Henry J. Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Minot, Michael J. Adams, Bernhard W. Chollet, Matthieu C. Elam, Jeffrey W. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI A novel atomic layer deposition method to fabricate economical and robust large area microchannel plates SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE atomic layer deposition; capillary arrays; microchannel plate; photodetector; secondary electron emission; resistive layer AB We demonstrate a cost-effective and robust route to fabricate large-area microchannel plate (MCP) detectors, which will open new potential in larger area MCP-based detector technologies. For the first time, using our newly developed process flow we have fabricated large area (8"x8") MCPs. We used atomic layer deposition (ALD), a powerful thin film deposition technique, to tailor the electrical resistance and secondary electron emission (SEE) properties of large area, low cost, borosilicate glass capillary arrays. The self limiting growth mechanism in ALD allows atomic level control over the thickness and composition of resistive and SEES layers that can be deposited conformally on high aspect ratio capillary glass arrays. We have developed several robust and reliable ALD processes for the resistive coatings and SEE layers to give us precise control over the resistance (10(6)-10(10)Omega) and SEE coefficient (up to 5). This novel approach allows the functionalization of microporous, insulating substrates to produce MCPs with high gain and low noise. These capabilities allow a separation of the substrate material properties from the amplification properties. Here we describe a complete process flow to produce large area MCPs. C1 [Mane, Anil U.; Peng, Qing; Wetstein, Matthew J.; Wagner, Robert G.; Frisch, Henry J.; Adams, Bernhard W.; Chollet, Matthieu C.; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mane, AU (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI peng, qing/I-2970-2013 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80312H DI 10.1117/12.882885 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400077 ER PT S AU Nikolic, RJ Shao, Q Voss, LF Conway, AM Radev, R Wang, TF Dar, M Deo, N Cheung, CL Fabris, L Britton, CL Ericson, N AF Nikolic, R. J. Shao, Q. Voss, L. F. Conway, A. M. Radev, R. Wang, T. F. Dar, M. Deo, N. Cheung, C. L. Fabris, L. Britton, C. L. Ericson, M. N. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Si Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors: Fabrication Challenges and Performance Expectations SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Thermal neutron detector; pillar; boron-10; helium tube replacements ID CONFORMAL DEPOSITION; GLOW-DISCHARGE; BORON FILMS; TRENCHES; DIODE AB Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are desired to replace He-3 tube tube-based technology for the detection of special nuclear materials. He-3 tubes have some issues with stability, sensitivity to microphonics and very recently, a shortage of He-3. There are numerous solid-state approaches being investigated that utilize various architectures and material combinations. Our approach is based on the combination of high-aspect-ratio silicon PIN pillars, which are 2 mu m wide with a 2 mu m separation, arranged in a square matrix, and surrounded by B-10, the neutron converter material. To date, our highest efficiency is similar to 20 % for a pillar height of 26 mu m. An efficiency of greater than 50 % is predicted for our device, while maintaining high gamma rejection and low power operation once adequate device scaling is carried out. Estimated required pillar height to meet this goal is similar to 50 mu m. The fabrication challenges related to B-10 deposition and etching as well as planarization of the three-dimensional structure is discussed. C1 [Nikolic, R. J.; Shao, Q.; Voss, L. F.; Conway, A. M.; Radev, R.; Wang, T. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nikolic, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Shao, Qinghui/A-1756-2013; Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013; Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013; Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615; Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 803109 DI 10.1117/12.885880 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400008 ER PT S AU Schwindt, PDD Jau, YY Partner, H Serkland, DK Boye, R Fang, L Casias, A Manginell, RP Moorman, M Prestage, J Yu, N AF Schwindt, Peter D. D. Jau, Yuan-Yu Partner, Heather Serkland, Darwin K. Boye, Robert Fang, Lu Casias, Adrian Manginell, Ronald P. Moorman, Matthew Prestage, John Yu, Nan BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Micro ion frequency standard SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Atomic clock; UV lasers; laser spectroscopy; VCSEL ID CLOCK AB We are developing a highly miniaturized trapped ion clock to probe the 12.6 GHz hyperfine transition in the Yb-171(+) ion. The clock development is being funded by the Integrated Micro Primary Atomic Clock Technology (IMPACT) program from DARPA where the stated goals are to develop a clock that consumes 50 mW of power, has a size of 5 cm(3), and has a long-term frequency stability of 10(-14) at one month. One of the significant challenges will be to develop miniature single-frequency lasers at 369 nm and 935 nm and the optical systems to deliver light to the ions and to collect ion fluorescence on a detector. C1 [Schwindt, Peter D. D.; Jau, Yuan-Yu; Partner, Heather; Serkland, Darwin K.; Boye, Robert; Fang, Lu; Casias, Adrian; Manginell, Ronald P.; Moorman, Matthew] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwindt, PDD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80310O DI 10.1117/12.885268 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400021 ER PT S AU Wanke, MC Lee, M Nordquist, CD Cich, MJ Cavaliere, M Rowen, AM Gillen, JR Arrington, CL Grine, AD Fuller, CT Reno, JL AF Wanke, Michael C. Lee, Mark Nordquist, Christopher D. Cich, Michael J. Cavaliere, Melissa Rowen, Adam M. Gillen, James R. Arrington, Christian L. Grine, Albert D. Fuller, Charles T. Reno, John L. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Integrated Chip-Scale THz Technology SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications III CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Quantum Cascade Laser; Terahertz; Transceivers; Heterodyne Receiver; Rectangular Waveguides ID QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; RECTANGULAR WAVE-GUIDE; SCHOTTKY DIODE; HIGH-POWER AB The quantum cascade laser (QCL) is currently the only solid-state source of coherent THz radiation capable of delivering more than 1 mW of average power at frequencies above similar to 2 THz. This power level combined with very good intrinsic frequency definition characteristics make QCLs an extremely appealing solid-state solution as compact sources for THz applications. I will present results on integrating QCLs with passive rectangular waveguides for guiding and controlling the radiation emitted by the QCLs and on the performance of a THz integrated circuit combining a THz QCL with a Schottky diode mixer to form a heterodyne receiver/transceiver. C1 [Wanke, Michael C.; Lee, Mark; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Cich, Michael J.; Cavaliere, Melissa; Rowen, Adam M.; Gillen, James R.; Arrington, Christian L.; Fuller, Charles T.; Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wanke, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mcwanke@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-605-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8031 AR 80310E DI 10.1117/12.883612 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BVG10 UT WOS:000291441400013 ER PT J AU Suraweera, NS Xiong, RC Luna, JP Nicholson, DM Keffer, DJ AF Suraweera, Nethika S. Xiong, Ruichang Luna, J. P. Nicholson, Donald M. Keffer, David J. TI On the relationship between the structure of metal-organic frameworks and the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; adsorption; diffusion; metal-organic framework; molecular simulation ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; CANONICAL MONTE-CARLO; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; STORAGE; DYNAMICS; MOF-5; EQUILIBRIUM; CATENATION; DESIGN; FUEL AB In this work, the adsorptive and diffusive behaviours of molecular hydrogen in 10 different isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (IRMOFs) are studied using molecular-level simulation. Hydrogen adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption at 77 and 300K were generated for 10 MOFs at low-pressure conditions (up to 10 bar) using Path Integral Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Self-diffusivities and activation energies for diffusion were generated using molecular dynamics simulation. Density distributions showing the location and the shape of the adsorption sites are also provided. Statistical correlations for all of the properties as a function of surface area (SA), accessible volume (AV) and binding energy are provided. Based on this work, we observe that at pressures up to 10 bar at 300 K, the adsorption process is virtually completely governed by entropic considerations, resulting in a strong correlation between the amount of hydrogen adsorbed and the AV of the adsorbent. At 77 K, we observe more than one adsorption regime. At low pressures, the adsorption process is governed by energetic considerations, resulting in a strong correlation between the amount of hydrogen adsorbed and the energy of adsorption. At the high end of the pressure range, the adsorption becomes a process dominated by entropic considerations, again resulting in a strong correlation between the amount of hydrogen adsorbed and the AV. Only in the intermediate regime does one observe that an increase in SA results in an increase in the amount of hydrogen adsorbed. The self-diffusivity of hydrogen at infinite dilution is highly correlated with both the energy of adsorption and the AV. The diffusion in larger IRMOFs is faster because of an entropic advantage and specifically not because of a lower activation energy for diffusion. C1 [Suraweera, Nethika S.; Xiong, Ruichang; Luna, J. P.; Keffer, David J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Nicholson, Donald M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Keffer, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dkeffer@utk.edu RI Xiong, Ruichang/O-3398-2013; Keffer, David/C-5133-2014 OI Xiong, Ruichang/0000-0001-9262-7545; Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286 FU Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center at the University of Tennessee; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DGE-0801470, OCI 07-11134.5.]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This research was supported by the Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center at the University of Tennessee, by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DGE-0801470) and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. This research project used resources of the National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) supported by NSF under agreement number: OCI 07-11134.5. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 EI 1029-0435 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 7 BP 621 EP 639 DI 10.1080/08927022.2011.561432 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 774YU UT WOS:000291423500010 ER PT J AU Aniskin, MV Ignatova, ON Kaganova, II Kalmanov, AV Koshatova, EV Lebedev, AI Losev, VV Podurets, AM Polyakov, LV Tkachenko, MI Tsibikov, AN Salischev, GA Garkushin, GV Razorenov, SV Zocher, MA AF Aniskin, M. V. Ignatova, O. N. Kaganova, I. I. Kalmanov, A. V. Koshatova, E. V. Lebedev, A. I. Losev, V. V. Podurets, A. M. Polyakov, L. V. Tkachenko, M. I. Tsibikov, A. N. Salischev, G. A. Garkushin, G. V. Razorenov, S. V. Zocher, M. A. TI Mechanical properties of tantalum with different types of microstructure under high-rate deformation SO PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE strength; dynamic deformation; microstructure; shock wave; plastic deformation; coarse-grained and fine-grained tantalum ID PEAK PRESSURE AB The paper presents experimental data on the mechanical behavior of coarse-grained (80 mu m) tantalum and cold-forged fine-grained (1-2 mu m) tantalum under static, dynamic and shock wave loading. The data includes sigma-epsilon compression diagrams for a strain rate of 10(-3)-10(3) s(-1), impact velocity dependences of the relative change in cylinder length in Taylor impact tests, and time dependences of the free surface velocity in the Ta specimens under shock wave loading. It is found that the 80-fold decrease in Ta grain size only slightly affects the strength properties of the material under static and dynamic loading. Measurements of the free surface velocity under shock wave loading at similar to 17 GPa point to a decrease in elastic precursor in the fine-grained tantalum by similar to 35 % and to an increase in its critical fracture stress by 15-20 A compared to those in the coarse-grained tantalum. A complex strain rate dependence of the tantalum strength properties was revealed. The microstructure of the coarse-grained Ta specimens loaded at a shock wave pressure of 20-130 GPa for different times was examined, and the dislocation density and the number of shear bands formed under shock wave loading were measured. C1 [Aniskin, M. V.; Ignatova, O. N.; Kaganova, I. I.; Kalmanov, A. V.; Koshatova, E. V.; Lebedev, A. I.; Losev, V. V.; Podurets, A. M.; Polyakov, L. V.; Tkachenko, M. I.; Tsibikov, A. N.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Sarov 607188, Russia. [Salischev, G. A.] Belgorod State Univ, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Garkushin, G. V.; Razorenov, S. V.] Inst Problems Chem Phys RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Zocher, M. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ignatova, ON (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Sarov 607188, Russia. EM o.n.ignatova@gmail.com RI Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; Razorenov, Sergei/O-6450-2014 OI Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA); RFBR [08-02-00087a, 09-02-97036_Povolzhie]; RF [NSh-1307.2008.1] FX The work was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA), RFBR grants Nos. 08-02-00087a and 09-02-97036_Povolzhie, and RF President grant No. NSh-1307.2008.1. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1029-9599 J9 PHYS MESOMECH JI Phys. Mesomech. PD JAN-APR PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.physme.2011.04.010 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 776CB UT WOS:000291511000010 ER PT J AU Crane, NB Tuckerman, J Nielson, GN AF Crane, N. B. Tuckerman, J. Nielson, G. N. TI Self-assembly in additive manufacturing: opportunities and obstacles SO RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium CY AUG 09-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX DE Assembly; Thermoelectric devices; Monte Carlo simulation ID THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS; FREEFORM FABRICATION; MICROSYSTEMS; INTEGRATION; ACTUATORS; SYSTEMS AB Purpose - Additive manufacturing (AM) offers substantial flexibility in shape, but much less flexibility in materials and functionality particularly at small size scales. A system for automatically incorporating microscale components would enable the fabrication of objects with more functionality. The purpose of this paper is to consider the potential of self-assembly to serve as an automated programmable integration method. In particular, it addresses the ability of random self-assembly processes to successfully assemble objects with high performance despite the possibility of assembly errors. Design/methodology/approach - A self-assembled thermoelectric system is taken as a sample system. The performance expectations for these systems are then predicted using modified one-dimensional models that incorporate the effects of random errors. Monte-Carlo simulation is used to predict the likely performance of self-assembled thermoelectric systems and evaluate the impact of key process and system design parameters. Findings - While assembly yield can drop quickly with increasing numbers of assembled parts, large functional assemblies can be constructed by arranging components in parallel to provide redundancy. In some cases, the performance losses are minimal. Alternatively, sensing can be incorporated to identify perfect assemblies. For small assemblies, the probability of perfection may be high enough to achieve an acceptable assembly rate. Small assemblies could then be combined into larger functional systems. Originality/value - The paper identifies two strategies that can guide the development of AM processes that incorporate miniature components to increase the system functionality. The analysis shows that this may be possible despite significant errors in the self-assembly process because systems may be tolerant of significant assembly errors. C1 [Crane, N. B.; Tuckerman, J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Nielson, G. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crane, NB (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM nbcrane@eng.usf.edu OI Crane, Nathan/0000-0002-9170-346X NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-2546 EI 1758-7670 J9 RAPID PROTOTYPING J JI Rapid Prototyping J. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 3 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1108/13552541111124798 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 774IJ UT WOS:000291378600008 ER PT S AU An, YQ Taylor, AJ Durakiewicz, T Rodriguez, G AF An, Yong Q. Taylor, Antoinette J. Durakiewicz, Tomasz Rodriguez, George BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Pump-probe reflectivity study of ultrafast dynamics of strongly correlated 5f electrons in UO(2) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID URANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOTOEMISSION; POLARON; PHONONS AB 5f electrons in the Mott insulator UO(2) produce intriguing electronic states and dynamics, such as strong correlation and f-f excitations. We have performed femtosecond pump-probe reflectivity measurements on a single crystal UO(2) at temperatures of 5-300 K to study the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited 5f electrons. Laser pulses at 400 nm pump 5f electrons across the Mott gap, while those at 800 nm probe the pump-induced change of reflectivity. We find temperature-dependent excitation and relaxation processes and long-lived acoustic phonons, and extract picosecond risetimes and microsecond relaxation times at low temperatures. The observed slow relaxation is ascribed to the decay of Hubbard excitons formed by U(3+)-U(5+) pairs. C1 [An, Yong Q.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Rodriguez, George] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP An, YQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yqan@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012; OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012144 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012144 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100144 ER PT S AU Booth, CH Bauer, ED Bozin, ES Billinge, SJL Walter, MD AF Booth, C. H. Bauer, E. D. Bozin, E. S. Billinge, S. J. L. Walter, M. D. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Pair-distribution function analysis of the structural valence transition in Cp*(2)Yb(4,4 '-Me(2)-bipy) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID DECAMETHYLYTTERBOCENE; BIPYRIDINES; COMPLEXES; CERIUM AB The Cp*(2)Yb(L) class of compounds, where Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl = C(5)Me(5) and L is either a 1,4-diazabutadiene or bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine related ligand, have provided excellent analogies to the Kondo state on the nanoscale. Cp*(2)Yb(4,4'-Me(2)-bipy) furthers this analogy by demonstrating a valence transition as the sample is cooled below 200 K. Here, pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis of x-ray powder diffraction data demonstrate that the Cp*(2)Yb(4,4'-Me(2)-bipy) molecule is virtually unchanged through the valence transition. However, the molecule's stacking arrangement is altered through the valence transition. C1 [Booth, C. H.; Walter, M. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011; Walter, Marc/E-4479-2012 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012149 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012149 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100149 ER PT S AU Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ Li, Y Riseborough, PS Oppeneer, PM Bauer, ED Graham, KS AF Durakiewicz, T. Joyce, J. J. Li, Y. Riseborough, P. S. Oppeneer, P. M. Bauer, E. D. Graham, K. S. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Band renormalization effects in correlated f-electron systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM AB Two band renormalization effects, novel in the context of f-electron systems, are presented here. First, the interband scattering mechanism leads to the point-like Fermi surface renormalization along k(x)/k(y) directions in the Brillouin zone. Second, in the normal direction the renormalization leads to reduction in the number of Fermi sheets and in creation of additional periodicity in band dispersion. It is shown that such renormalization effects can lead to significant differences between calculated and measured electronic structures, and need to be considered in f-electron systems. C1 [Durakiewicz, T.; Joyce, J. J.; Li, Y.; Bauer, E. D.; Graham, K. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Durakiewicz, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM tomasz@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012029 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012029 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100029 ER PT S AU Jiang, Y Booth, CH Tobash, PH Gofryk, K Torrez, MA Ronning, F Bauer, ED Thompson, JD AF Jiang, Yu Booth, C. H. Tobash, P. H. Gofryk, K. Torrez, M. A. Ronning, F. Bauer, E. D. Thompson, J. D. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Magnetic frustration effects in uranium intermetallics SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; LIQUID BEHAVIOR; HEAVY ELECTRONS; TEMPERATURE; UCU5 AB The effect of geometrical frustration on the development of the heavy-fermion state and quantum criticality is studied in UAuCu4, UAuPt4, UAu3Ni2 samples through measurements of their magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity. In addition, since lattice disorder can play a large role in defining magnetic properties in frustrated systems, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data have also been obtained. The local structure results show a strong correlation with the magnetic properties in these samples. C1 [Jiang, Yu; Booth, C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Gofryk, Krzysztof/F-8755-2014; OI Gofryk, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8681-6857; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012036 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012036 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100036 ER PT S AU Movshovich, R Kurita, N Lee, HO Ho, PC Maple, MB Tokiwa, Y Miclea, CF Bauer, ED Ronning, F Sengupta, P Vekhter, I Fisk, Z Thompson, JD AF Movshovich, R. Kurita, N. Lee, H. -O. Ho, Pei-Chun Maple, M. Brian Tokiwa, Yoshifumi Miclea, Corneliu F. Bauer, Eric D. Ronning, Filip Sengupta, Pinaki Vekhter, Ilya Fisk, Zachary Thompson, J. D. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Thermal and magnetic properties of a low-temperature antiferromagnet Ce(4)Pt(12)Sn(25) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID KONDO-LATTICE; ALLOYS AB We report specific heat (C) and magnetization (M) of single crystalline Ce(4)Pt(12)Sn(25) at temperature down to approximate to 50 mK and in fields up to 3 T. C/T exhibits a sharp anomaly at 180 mK, with a large jump in a Sommerfeld coefficient gamma = C/T of Delta gamma = 30 J/molK(2)-Ce, which, together with corresponding cusp-like magnetization anomaly, indicate antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state with Nel temperature T(N) = 0.18 K. Numerical calculations based on Heisenberg model reproduce well zero field specific heat data, and point to a very small Kondo scale T(K) clearly placing Ce(4)Pt(12)Sn(25) in the weak exchange coupling J < J(c) limit of the Doniac diagram. Magnetic field suppresses AFM state at H* approximate to 0.7 T, much more rapidly than indicated by theoretical calculations. C1 [Movshovich, R.; Kurita, N.; Lee, H. -O.; Tokiwa, Yoshifumi; Miclea, Corneliu F.; Bauer, Eric D.; Ronning, Filip; Sengupta, Pinaki; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Movshovich, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM roman@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Sengupta, Pinaki/B-6999-2011; Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/P-6593-2015 OI Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/0000-0002-6294-7879 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012045 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012045 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100045 ER PT S AU Rotundu, CR Freelon, B Wilson, SD Pinuellas, G Kim, A Bourret-Courchesne, E Phillips, NE Birgeneau, RJ AF Rotundu, C. R. Freelon, B. Wilson, S. D. Pinuellas, G. Kim, A. Bourret-Courchesne, E. Phillips, N. E. Birgeneau, R. J. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Heat capacity of Ba1-xKxFe2As2, x=0 and 0.41 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM AB Heat-capacity measurements on exceptionally high-quality samples of Ba1-xKxFe2As2 give the values of a number of parameters relevant to the electronic structure, the structural/magnetic transition in the undoped parent compound, and the superconducting transition in the near optimally doped, x = 0.41 sample. In BaFe2As2 the changes in the lattice and magnetic structure appear as a single, sharp first-order transition at 140 K; the Sommerfeld coefficient is gamma = 5.1 mJ K-2 mol(-1). For the superconducting, x = 0.41, sample, the residual density of electron states in the superconducting states is essentially zero. The specific-heat anomaly at T-c suggests extreme strong coupling, with Delta(0)/k(B)T(c) approximate to 2.6, and a normal-state Sommerfeld coefficient gamma(n) approximate to 45 mJ K-2 mol(-1). C1 [Rotundu, C. R.; Phillips, N. E.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rotundu, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CRRotundu@lbl.gov OI Rotundu, Costel/0000-0002-1571-8352 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012103 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100103 ER PT S AU Sakai, H Baek, SH Ronning, F Bauer, ED Thompson, JD AF Sakai, Hironori Baek, Seung-Ho Ronning, Filip Bauer, Eric D. Thompson, Joe D. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI NMR spectral study under zero external field in pure and diluted CeRhIn(5) by La substitutions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID PRESSURE AB CeRhIn(5) is an incommensurate antiferromagnet with T(N)=3.8 K. The NMR spectra for tetragonal In(1) sites in CeRhIn5 have been investigated under zero applied field in order to distinguish between spin density wave or spiral order. The (115)In(1)-NMR spectra around 2v(Q) under zero field below T(N) provide a good indication of spiral order. The La substitutions of 1 % and 2 % indicate a decrease of the internal field on In(1) sites due to the reduction of hyperfine couplings by La substitutions. C1 [Sakai, Hironori] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sakai, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sakai.hironori@jaea.go.jp RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Baek, Seung-Ho/0000-0002-0059-8255 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012053 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012053 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100053 ER PT S AU Sidorov, VA Tobash, PH Wang, C Scott, BL Park, T Bauer, ED Ronning, F Thompson, JD Fisk, Z AF Sidorov, V. A. Tobash, P. H. Wang, C. Scott, B. L. Park, Tuson Bauer, E. D. Ronning, F. Thompson, J. D. Fisk, Z. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Quenching of ferromagnetism in beta-UB(2)C and UNiSi(2) at high pressure. SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB beta-UB(2)C exhibits itinerant ferromagnetism below T(e) = 75 K; whereas, UNiSi(2) exhibits ferromagnetism of localized uranium moments below T(e) = 95 K and Kondo lattice behaviour at higher temperatures. We have found that ferromagnetism in both compounds is quenched at high pressure. In beta-UB(2)C the Curie temperature continuously approaches zero at 2.95 GPa, where resistivity and specific heat reveal the behaviour similar to that observed in Ce-based antiferromagnets near quantum critical points. In UNiSi(2) the Curie temperature decreases gradually to 25 K at 5.34 GPa. Above this pressure hysteretic phenomena appear in the temperature dependences of resistivity between 5 and 17 K, signalling a change in the magnetic order. No signature of magnetism was found above 5.5 GPa down to 1.15 K. Kondo lattice behaviour of resistivity with the enhanced residual resistivity is observed in UNiSi(2) above 5.5 GPa. C1 [Sidorov, V. A.; Tobash, P. H.; Wang, C.; Scott, B. L.; Park, Tuson; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sidorov, VA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vs_hppi@mail.ru RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012014 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100014 ER PT S AU Tao, JM Zhu, JX AF Tao, Jianmin Zhu, Jian-Xin BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Theory of the time-resolved spectral function of high-temperature superconductors SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID PHOTOEMISSION; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; DENSITY; STATES; WAVE AB We have recently developed a three-temperature model to simulate the time evolution of the electron and phonon temperatures in high-temperature superconductors. This is the first model that is valid in the superconducting state. Based on this model, we calculated the time-resolved spectral function via the double-time Green's functions. Our calculations show that the theory not only reveals the familiar dip-hump structure in the normal state, but also a new signature of the electron-phonon coupling in the superconducting state. We further show that this signature can only be observed when the phonons are pumped directly. In this proceedeing, we provide detailed derivation of our theory. C1 [Tao, Jianmin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tao, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012106 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012106 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100106 ER PT S AU Tobash, PH Scott, BL Sidorov, VA Ronning, F Gofryk, K Thompson, JD Albers, RC Zhu, JX Jones, MD Bauer, ED AF Tobash, P. H. Scott, B. L. Sidorov, V. A. Ronning, F. Gofryk, K. Thompson, J. D. Albers, R. C. Zhu, J-X Jones, M. D. Bauer, E. D. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Heavy Fermion Behavior in the New Antiferromagnetic Compound UIr(4)Al(15) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and physical properties on the new compound UIr(4)Al(15) which crystallizes with the NdRh(4)Al(15.4) structure type in the tetragonal space group P4(2)/nmc. From single crystal X-ray diffraction, the compound was found to have unit cell parameters a = b = 9.0239(6) angstrom and c = 15.513(2) angstrom. The compound has been synthesized from the flux growth method using an excess of Al metal. UIr(4)Al(15) undergoes antiferromagnetic order at approximately 20 K which is consistent with kink-like features in both electrical resistivity and specific heat measurements. Electrical resistivity under hydrostatic pressure shows that the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature is slightly shifted to higher temperatures which is suggestive of the very little pressure dependence and the localized nature of the U 5f electrons. Electronic structure calculations indicated that the Fermi surface of UIr(4)Al(15) was quasi two-dimensional. C1 [Tobash, P. H.; Scott, B. L.; Sidorov, V. A.; Gofryk, K.; Thompson, J. D.; Albers, R. C.; Zhu, J-X; Bauer, E. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tobash, PH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ptobash@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Gofryk, Krzysztof/F-8755-2014; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Gofryk, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8681-6857 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012061 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012061 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100061 ER PT S AU Yang, YF Curro, NJ Fisk, Z Pines, D Thompson, JD AF Yang, Yi-feng Curro, N. J. Fisk, Z. Pines, D. Thompson, J. D. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI A predictive standard model for heavy electron systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM AB We propose a predictive standard model for heavy electron systems based on a detailed phenomenological two-fluid description of existing experimental data. It leads to a new phase diagram that replaces the Doniach picture, describes the emergent anomalous scaling behavior of the heavy electron (Kondo) liquid measured below the lattice coherence temperature, T*, seen by many different experimental probes, that marks the onset of collective hybridization, and enables one to obtain important information on quantum criticality and the superconducting/antiferromagnetic states at low temperatures. Because T* is similar to J(2)rho/2, the nearest neighbor RKKY interaction, a knowledge of the single-ion Kondo coupling, J, to the background conduction electron density of states, rho, makes it possible to predict Kondo liquid behavior, and to estimate its maximum superconducting transition temperature in both existing and newly discovered heavy electron families. C1 [Yang, Yi-feng; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, YF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yifengyyf@gmail.com RI Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012066 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012066 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100066 ER PT S AU Zhu, LJ Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Lijun Zhu, Jian-Xin BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Superconducting pairing of interacting electrons: implications from the two-impurity Anderson model SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID MAGNETIC IMPURITY PROBLEM; KONDO MODEL; EXCITATION-SPECTRA; CRITICAL-POINT; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB We study the non-local superconducting pairing of two interacting Anderson impurities, which has an instability near the quantum critical point from the competition between the Kondo effect and an antiferromagnetic inter-impurity spin exchange interaction. As revealed by the dynamics over the whole energy range, the superconducting pairing fluctuations acquire considerable strength from an energy scale much higher than the characteristic spin fluctuation scale while the low energy behaviors follow those of the staggered spin susceptibility. We argue that the glue to the superconducting pairing is not the spin fluctuations, but rather the effective Coulomb interaction. On the other hand, critical spin fluctuations in the vicinity of quantum criticality are also crucial to a superconducting pairing instability, by preventing a Fermi liquid fixed point being reached to keep the superconducting pairing fluctuations finite at low energies. A superconducting order, to reduce the accumulated entropy carried by the critical degrees of freedom, may arise favorably from this instability. C1 [Zhu, Lijun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, LJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ljzhu@lanl.gov OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012068 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012068 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100068 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Karavayev, P Rozhkova, EA Pearson, J Yefremenko, V Bader, SD Novosad, V AF Kim, Dong-Hyun Karavayev, Pavel Rozhkova, Elena A. Pearson, John Yefremenko, Volodymyr Bader, Samuel D. Novosad, Valentyn TI Mechanoresponsive system based on sub-micron chitosan-functionalized ferromagnetic disks SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OLIGOSACCHARIDE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; DERIVATIVES AB We report a doxorubicin loaded chitosan biopolymer-ferromagnetic disks hybrid system capable of on-demand magnetomechanically induced release of drug molecules. Gold covered ferromagnetic disks were encapsulated into the polymer scaffold through the assembly of the thiolated chitosan on the disk's gold surface followed by entrapping of the doxorubicin drug within a cross-linked polymer matrix. We demonstrate that the release process can be effectively tuned and controlled by varying the magnetic field characteristics: orientation, amplitude, frequency and duration. C1 [Rozhkova, Elena A.; Bader, Samuel D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Karavayev, Pavel] Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kim, Dong-Hyun; Pearson, John; Yefremenko, Volodymyr; Bader, Samuel D.; Novosad, Valentyn] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rozhkova, EA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rozhkova@anl.gov; novosad@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Kim, Dong-Hyun/0000-0001-6815-3319 FU UChicago Argonne, LLC; Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne''); Argonne; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work at Argonne National Laboratory, including the use of the Microfabrication and the Nanobio Interfaces Groups facility at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), was supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne''). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 23 BP 8422 EP 8426 DI 10.1039/c1jm10272a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 770TY UT WOS:000291112600023 ER PT J AU Woan, KV Scheffler, RH Bell, NS Sigmund, WM AF Woan, Karran V. Scheffler, Raymond H. Bell, Nelson S. Sigmund, Wolfgang M. TI Electrospinning of nanofiber Chevrel phase materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTOR PBMO6S8; MOLYBDENUM-SULFIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MG INSERTION; MGXMO6T8 T; FIBERS; GADOLINIUM AB A modified sol-gel synthesis for non-oxide sulfide ceramics is presented. Sols are electrospun into continuous nanofiber precursors and then heat treated to obtain Chevrel-phase sulfide materials. In particular, the Mg-Chevrel fibers formed have average diameters of 230 +/- 57 nm with grain sizes of 10 +/- 3 nm after heat-treatment. C1 [Woan, Karran V.; Scheffler, Raymond H.; Sigmund, Wolfgang M.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sigmund, Wolfgang M.] Hanyang Univ, WCU Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Bell, Nelson S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sigmund, WM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wsigm@mse.ufl.edu FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10092]; University of Florida; Sandia National Laboratories FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500.; The authors would like to thank Michael Laudenslager for assistance with acquiring FE-SEM images. W. Sigmund is thankful to support by WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10092). The authors acknowledge financial support from the Alumni Fellowship Program of the University of Florida and the Excellence in Engineering Graduate Research Program from Sandia National Laboratories. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 24 BP 8537 EP 8539 DI 10.1039/c1jm10378d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 774AE UT WOS:000291352900008 ER PT J AU Ma-Ham, AH Wu, H Wang, J Kang, XH Zhang, YY Lin, YH AF Ma-Ham, Aihui Wu, Hong Wang, Jun Kang, Xinhuang Zhang, Youyu Lin, Yuehe TI Apoferritin-based nanomedicine platform for drug delivery: equilibrium binding study of daunomycin with DNA SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CAGE ARCHITECTURE; ALBUMIN-BOUND PACLITAXEL; COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; IN-VIVO EVALUATION; CONTRAST AGENTS; ANTHRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS; ANTIBACTERIAL PROTEINS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; VIRAL NANOPARTICLES; CONTROLLED-RELEASE AB This paper describes the preparation and optimization of the analytical properties of the protein based drug delivery platform apoferritin. In biological systems, the protein cage ferritin is used to store iron and to keep it from building to toxic levels in cells. When the iron atoms are removed from ferritin, apoferritin is formed. In this study, daunomycin, an anthracycline antibiotic drug that has been used for specific types of cancer treatment such as acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, was encapsulated within the protein cage for drug delivery. Daunomycin slows or stops the growth of cancer cells by binding with the cell's DNA. The model for daunomycin-DNA complex binding mechanism is intercalation, where daunomycin binds with approximately every 3 base pairs causing a local unwinding, but a negligible distortion of the helical conformation. The binding affinity for free DNA is higher than that of structured DNA in cells. Upon binding with DNA the fluorescence intensity of daunomycin decreases. We used apoferritin's ability to disassemble and reassemble under pH control to load the therapeutic compound daunomycin. The combination of a modifiable interior and exterior surface and the passable hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels through the cage allows the containment or attachment of both insoluble and soluble drugs for delivery. At experimental pH 5 conditions the interaction between the apoferritin interior cage and daunomycin is weak making it difficult to encapsulate the drug effectively within the protein cage. The incorporation of poly-Laspartic acid (PLAA), a polypeptide and biodegradable material that does not increase the toxicity of the drug delivery system and is negatively charged at pH 5.0, into the drug delivery system resulted in a substantial improvement in the drug encapsulation. The binding properties of free daunomycin with DNA were compared to the newly synthesized apoferritin protein based drug delivery system. Encapsulation of the daunomycin within the apoferritin protein cage had little effect upon the intrinsic binding constant, K(i), or the exclusion parameter n as compared to the free daunomycin model. The study resulted in the design and optimization of a unique protein based drug delivery platform using the protein cage apoferritin for potential therapeutic administration of the anti-cancer agent daunomycin. C1 [Ma-Ham, Aihui; Wu, Hong; Wang, Jun; Kang, Xinhuang; Zhang, Youyu; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ma-Ham, Aihui] US Customs & Border Protect, New York Lab, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by a laboratory directed research and development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The research described in this paper was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 84 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 66 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 24 BP 8700 EP 8708 DI 10.1039/c0jm04321d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 774AE UT WOS:000291352900032 ER PT J AU Craig, GA Costa, JS Aguila, D Barrios, LA Roubeau, O Teat, SJ Aromi, G AF Craig, Gavin A. Sanchez Costa, Jose Aguila, David Barrios, Leoni A. Roubeau, Olivier Teat, Simon J. Aromi, Guillem TI Molecular [Co(III)Co(II)] x 2 assemblies of a new bis-phenol/pyrazolyl ligand SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-DIKETONATE LIGAND; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; COMPLEXES; CO; DINUCLEAR; CRYSTAL; TOPOLOGY; CLUSTERS; ANION; IONS AB Use of a novel multinucleating ligand in aerobic reactions with Co(II) affords two novel coordination assemblies exhibiting a rare linear [(Co2Co2II)-Co-III] structure and novel structural features. The magnetic exchange within these unprecedented moieties is investigated. C1 [Craig, Gavin A.; Sanchez Costa, Jose; Aguila, David; Barrios, Leoni A.; Aromi, Guillem] Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Roubeau, Olivier] Univ Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Roubeau, Olivier] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aromi, G (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM guillem.aromi@qi.ub.es RI Aromi, Guillem/I-2483-2015; Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010; Sanchez Costa, Jose/N-9085-2014; BARRIOS MORENO, LEONI ALEJANDRA/E-5413-2017; OI Aromi, Guillem/0000-0002-0997-9484; Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843; Sanchez Costa, Jose/0000-0001-5426-7956; BARRIOS MORENO, LEONI ALEJANDRA/0000-0001-7075-9950; Craig, Gavin/0000-0003-3542-4850 FU Spanish MCI [CTQ2009-06959, 16-1-739]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank the Generalitat de Catalunya for the prize ICREA Academia 2008 (GA) and Spanish MCI through CTQ2009-06959 (GA, LB, DA, JSC) support for access to ESRF beamline BM16 through grant number 16-1-739 and a research fellowship "Juan de la Cierva'' (JSC). The Advanced Light Source (SJT) is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 EI 1369-9261 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2011 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1202 EP 1204 DI 10.1039/c0nj00861c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 770UB UT WOS:000291112900008 ER PT J AU Spehr, TL Frick, B Zamponi, M Stuhn, B AF Spehr, Tinka Luise Frick, Bernhard Zamponi, Michaela Stuehn, Bernd TI Dynamics of water confined to reverse AOT micelles SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED WATER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; SOFT CONFINEMENT; SLOW DYNAMICS; MICROEMULSIONS; GLASS; RELAXATION AB We use quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to study the dynamics of water confined inside reverse micelles. As a model system we use a water-in-oil droplet microemulsion based on the anionic surfactant AOT (sodium bis[2-ethylhexyl] sulfosuccinate), that forms spherical water droplets coated by a monolayer of AOT dispersed in the continuous oil matrix. Combining neutron time-of-flight (TOF) and backscattering (BS) spectroscopy, we access the dynamical behaviour of water over three decades in time from pico- to nanoseconds. We investigate the influence of reverse micelle size on the water dynamics by comparing two sample systems with bigger and smaller water core radii of about R(c) approximate to 12 angstrom and 7 angstrom. The temperature is varied over a range where both microemulsion systems are stable, from room temperature down to the region where the confined water is supercooled: 260 K <= T <= 300 K. Taking explicitly into account the previously measured diffusion of entire reverse micelles in the oil matrix we find the average mobility of the confined water to be considerably slowed with respect to bulk water. The translational diffusion decreases with decreasing reverse micelle size. Dependent on the reverse micelle size we can interpret our data by assuming two dynamically separated water fractions. We identify the faster one with bulk-like water in the middle of the core while the slower one seems to be surfactant bound water. We find that 4 molecules of water per AOT molecule are immobilized on the timescale of QENS, i.e. shorter than nanoseconds. C1 [Spehr, Tinka Luise; Stuehn, Bernd] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Festkorperphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Spehr, Tinka Luise; Frick, Bernhard] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Zamponi, Michaela] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Zamponi, Michaela] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spehr, TL (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Festkorperphys, Petersenstr 30, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. EM tinka.spehr@physik.tu-darmstadt.de FU ILL; DFG [STU 191/4-1]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX We acknowledge the ILL for the allocated beam time and the co-financing of the PhD thesis of T. L. S. Financial support by the DFG (project number STU 191/4-1) is acknowledged. A portion of this research at ORNL's SNS was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 12 BP 5745 EP 5755 DI 10.1039/c1sm05204g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 774AR UT WOS:000291354200037 ER PT J AU Roesch, A Wild, M Ohmura, A Dutton, EG Long, CN Zhang, T AF Roesch, A. Wild, M. Ohmura, A. Dutton, E. G. Long, C. N. Zhang, T. TI Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means (vol 4, pg 339, 2011) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction C1 [Roesch, A.; Wild, M.; Ohmura, A.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhang, T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Roesch, A (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 5 BP 973 EP 973 DI 10.5194/amt-4-973-2011 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770MM UT WOS:000291090800017 ER PT J AU Whitesides, R Hessel, RP Flowers, DL Aceves, SM AF Whitesides, Russell Hessel, Randy P. Flowers, Daniel L. Aceves, Salvador M. TI Application of gaseous sphere injection method for modeling under-expanded H2 injection SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE gaseous injection; hydrogen; H2ICE; gas jets; engines ID HYDROGEN; COMBUSTION AB A methodology for modeling gaseous injection has been refined and applied to recent experimental data from the literature. This approach uses a discrete phase analogy to handle gaseous injection, allowing for addition of gaseous injection to a CFD grid without needing to resolve the injector nozzle. This paper focuses on model testing to provide the basis for simulation of hydrogen direct injected internal combustion engines. The model has been updated to be more applicable to full engine simulations, and shows good agreement with experiments for jet penetration and time-dependent axial mass fraction, while available - radial mass fraction data is less well predicted. C1 [Whitesides, Russell; Flowers, Daniel L.; Aceves, Salvador M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hessel, Randy P.] Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Whitesides, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM whitesides1@llnl.gov RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 FU DOE, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Gurpreet Singh and Kevin Stork, Technology Development Managers; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This project is funded by DOE, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Gurpreet Singh and Kevin Stork, Technology Development Managers. This work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 3 BP 373 EP 384 AR PII 935308272 DI 10.1080/13647830.2010.541286 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 768TK UT WOS:000290961100004 ER PT J AU Li, H Fowler, N Struck, C Sivasankar, S AF Li, Hui Fowler, Nathan Struck, Curtis Sivasankar, Sanjeevi TI Flow triggered by instabilities at the contact line of a drop containing nanoparticles SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATING SESSILE DROPLET; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION; GLASS-SURFACE; PATTERNS; RING; GEOMETRY AB Mass transport in an evaporating colloidal drop is believed to occur via two flow mechanisms: capillary flow due to evaporation and Marangoni flow due to surface tension gradients. We describe a new mechanism for inward mass transport: circulatory fluid flow triggered by a series of pinning-depinning events at the contact line of a drop containing nanoparticles. This flow can be controlled by varying the nanoparticle concentration, and by tuning the solution surface tension. C1 [Li, Hui; Fowler, Nathan; Struck, Curtis; Sivasankar, Sanjeevi] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Hui; Fowler, Nathan; Sivasankar, Sanjeevi] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sivasankar, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sivasank@iastate.edu OI Struck, Curtis/0000-0002-6490-2156 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 11 BP 5116 EP 5119 DI 10.1039/c1sm05097d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 768LX UT WOS:000290937300006 ER PT J AU Nakao, S Shrivastava, M Nguyen, A Jung, HJ Cocker, D AF Nakao, Shunsuke Shrivastava, Manish Anh Nguyen Jung, Heejung Cocker, David, III TI Interpretation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Diesel Exhaust Photooxidation in an Environmental Chamber SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICLE MASS ANALYZER; COMBUSTION SYSTEMS; SMOG CHAMBER; EMISSIONS; MOBILITY; SPECTROMETER; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; DILUTION AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from diesel exhaust was investigated using an environmental chamber. Particle volume measurement based solely on mobility diameter underestimated the SOA formation from diesel exhaust due to the external void space of agglomerate particles. Therefore, particle mass concentration and fractal-like dimension was determined from the particle effective density as a function of particle mass using an aerosol particle mass analyzer and scanning mobility particle sizer (APM-SMPS). Continuous aging of aerosol measured by an increase of atomic ratio (O/C) underscored the importance of multi-generational oxidation of low-volatile organic vapors emitted from diesel engine as a possible significant source of ambient oxygenated SOA. Higher particle effective densities were observed when raw exhaust was injected into a full bag as opposed to filling a bag with diluted exhaust using an ejector diluter. This suggests that the dilution method, in addition to dilution ratio, may impact the evaporation of semivolatile species. This study demonstrates the critical need to evaluate particle mass when evaluating SOA formation onto fractal particles such as diesel exhaust. C1 [Nakao, Shunsuke; Cocker, David, III] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Nakao, Shunsuke; Shrivastava, Manish; Anh Nguyen; Jung, Heejung; Cocker, David, III] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Shrivastava, Manish; Anh Nguyen; Jung, Heejung] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Shrivastava, Manish] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cocker, D (reprint author), Ctr Environm Res & Technol, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dcocker@engr.ucr.edu RI Cocker, David/F-4442-2010 OI Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0449778]; W. M. Keck Foundation; University of California Transportation Center (UCTC); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside; NSF GRF [ATM-2010096512] FX This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number ATM-0449778. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We also gratefully acknowledge funding support from the W. M. Keck Foundation, University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside. We also thank Dr. Quentin Malloy for initial experimental setup and Dr. Li Qi and Ms. Ping Tang for helping in data processing. Ms. Nguyen acknowledges support from NSF GRF (ATM-2010096512) and UCTC. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 8 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.573510 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 765ON UT WOS:000290718200006 ER PT J AU Soto-Garcia, LL Andreae, MO Andreae, TW Artaxo, P Maenhaut, W Kirchstetter, T Novakov, T Chow, JC Mayol-Bracero, OL AF Soto-Garcia, L. L. Andreae, M. O. Andreae, T. W. Artaxo, P. Maenhaut, W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakov, T. Chow, J. C. Mayol-Bracero, O. L. TI Evaluation of the carbon content of aerosols from the burning of biomass in the Brazilian Amazon using thermal, optical and thermal-optical analysis methods SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; BLACK CARBON; ELEMENTAL CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB Aerosol samples were collected at a pasture site in the Amazon Basin as part of the project LBA-SMOCC-2002 (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia - Smoke Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall and Climate: Aerosols from Biomass Burning Perturb Global and Regional Climate). Sampling was conducted during the late dry season, when the aerosol composition was dominated by biomass burning emissions, especially in the submicron fraction. A 13-stage Dekati low-pressure impactor (DLPI) was used to collect particles with nominal aerodynamic diameters (D-p) ranging from 0.03 to 0.10 mu m. Gravimetric analyses of the DLPI substrates and filters were performed to obtain aerosol mass concentrations. The concentrations of total, apparent elemental, and organic carbon (TC, ECa, and OC) were determined using thermal and thermal-optical analysis (TOA) methods. A light transmission method (LTM) was used to determine the concentration of equivalent black carbon (BCe) or the absorbing fraction at 880 nm for the size-resolved samples. During the dry period, due to the pervasive presence of fires in the region upwind of the sampling site, concentrations of fine aerosols (D-p < 2.5 mu m: average 59.8 mu g m(-3)) were higher than coarse aerosols (D-p > 2.5 mu m: 4.1 mu g m(-3)). Carbonaceous matter, estimated as the sum of the particulate organic matter (i.e., OC x 1.8) plus BCe, comprised more than 90% to the total aerosol mass. Concentrations of ECa (estimated by thermal analysis with a correction for charring) and BCe (estimated by LTM) averaged 5.2 +/- 1.3 and 3.1 +/- 0.8 mu g m(-3), respectively. The determination of EC was improved by extracting water-soluble organic material from the samples, which reduced the average light absorption Angstrom exponent of particles in the size range of 0.1 to 1.0 mu m from >2.0 to approximately 1.2. The size-resolved BCe measured by the LTM showed a clear maximum between 0.4 and 0.6 mu m in diameter. The concentrations of OC and BCe varied diurnally during the dry period, and this variation is related to diurnal changes in boundary layer thickness and in fire frequency. C1 [Soto-Garcia, L. L.; Mayol-Bracero, O. L.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Soto-Garcia, L. L.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Andreae, M. O.; Andreae, T. W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Artaxo, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Maenhaut, W.] Univ Ghent, Inst Nucl Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Kirchstetter, T.; Novakov, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Chow, J. C.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Mayol-Bracero, OL (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM omayol@ites.upr.edu RI Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013 OI Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627 FU NASA-Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium; Max Planck Society (MPG); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office FX This work was carried out within the framework of the Smoke, Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall, and Climate (SMOCC) project, a European contribution to the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). It was financially supported by the NASA-Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium and the Max Planck Society (MPG). Willy Maenhaut also thanks the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office for research support. We are thankful to all members of the LBA-SMOCC-2002 team, to Susimar Gonzalez for her help in the collection of samples, and to Pascal Guyon for some of the thermal analyses. NR 91 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 9 BP 4425 EP 4444 DI 10.5194/acp-11-4425-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764GT UT WOS:000290618600027 ER PT J AU Coghill, LM Chaves-Campos, J Espinoza, FE Lance, SL Glenn, TC Johnson, SG AF Coghill, Lyndon M. Chaves-Campos, Johel Espinoza, Flor E. Lance, Stacey L. Glenn, Travis C. Johnson, Steven G. TI Microsatellite markers isolated from the Mexican banded spring snail Mexipyrgus churinceanus SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Cuatro Cienegas; Mexipyrgus churinceanus; Microsatellites; PCR; Primers ID SOFTWARE; LOCI AB The first twelve novel unlinked polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were isolated from the Mexican banded spring snail (Mexipyrgus churinceanus). Genetic variability of each locus was assessed using 25 individuals from a single population from Cuatro Cienegas, Mexico. Mean observed heterozygosity varied from 0.14 to 0.92. The relatively high levels of detected polymorphism indicate that these markers will be useful for future population genetic studies of this Cuatro Cienegas endemic species. C1 [Coghill, Lyndon M.; Chaves-Campos, Johel; Espinoza, Flor E.; Johnson, Steven G.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lance, Stacey L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Johnson, SG (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM sgjohnso@uno.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733 FU National Science Foundation; University of New Orleans; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; University of Georgia FX Our work was partially supported by the Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biology Program at the University of New Orleans funded by the National Science Foundation. We thank the University of New Orleans, the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, and the University of Georgia for support. The study was conducted with permission from the Mexican government (Permiso de Pesca de Fomento 230401-613-03 and DAN 02939). NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 29 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9273-7 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YE UT WOS:000290438500008 ER PT J AU Jackson, ND Glenn, TC Hagen, C Lance, SL Austin, CC AF Jackson, Nathan D. Glenn, Travis C. Hagen, Cris Lance, Stacey L. Austin, Christopher C. TI Microsatellites isolated from the North American ground skink (Scincella lateralis) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Southeastern United States; Scincidae; Lizard; Primers; Population genetics AB Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed in the North American ground skink, Scincella lateralis, for use in landscape and population genetic research. Loci were genotyped for a sample of 37 lizards from southeastern Louisiana. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 25 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 to 0.97. The high levels of polymorphism observed in these loci will be useful for a variety of applications. C1 [Jackson, Nathan D.; Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jackson, Nathan D.; Austin, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Glenn, Travis C.; Hagen, Cris; Lance, Stacey L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jackson, ND (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM njacks4@lsu.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0445213, DBI 0400797]; Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; agency of the US Government FX Funding was provided by National Science Foundation grants DEB 0445213 and DBI 0400797, and Department of Energy award DE-FC09-07SR22506.; This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the US Government. Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the US Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9299-x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761YE UT WOS:000290438500024 ER PT S AU Shalf, J Dosanjh, S Morrison, J AF Shalf, John Dosanjh, Sudip Morrison, John BE Palma, JML Dayde, M Marques, O Lopez, JC TI Exascale Computing Technology Challenges SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Berkeley, CA DE Exascale; HPC; codesign ID INTERCONNECTS; SYSTEMS AB High Performance Computing architectures are expected to change dramatically in the next decade as power and cooling constraints limit increases in microprocessor clock speeds. Consequently computer companies are dramatically increasing on-chip parallelism to improve performance. The traditional doubling of clock speeds every 18-24 months is being replaced by a doubling of cores or other parallelism mechanisms. During the next decade the amount of parallelism on a single microprocessor will rival the number of nodes in early massively parallel supercomputers that were built in the 1980s. Applications and algorithms will need to change and adapt as node architectures evolve. In particular, they will need to manage locality to achieve performance. A key element of the strategy as we move forward is the co-design of applications, architectures and programming environments. There is an unprecedented opportunity for application and algorithm developers to influence the direction of future architectures so that they meet DOE mission needs. This article will describe the technology challenges on the road to exascale, their underlying causes, and their effect on the future of HPC system design. C1 [Shalf, John] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94611 USA. [Dosanjh, Sudip] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Morrison, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Shalf, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94611 USA. EM jshalf@lbl.gov; sudip@sandia.gov; jfm@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19327-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6449 BP 1 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUX98 UT WOS:000290652300001 ER PT S AU Wolf, MM Heroux, MA Boman, EG AF Wolf, Michael M. Heroux, Michael A. Boman, Erik G. BE Palma, JML Dayde, M Marques, O Lopez, JC TI Factors Impacting Performance of Multithreaded Sparse Triangular Solve SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Berkeley, CA AB As computational science applications grow more parallel with multi-core supercomputers having hundreds of thousands of computational cores, it will become increasingly difficult for solvers to scale. Our approach is to use hybrid MPI/threaded numerical algorithms to solve these systems in order to reduce the number of MPI tasks and increase the parallel efficiency of the algorithm. However, we need efficient threaded numerical kernels to run on the multi-core nodes in order to achieve good parallel efficiency. In this paper, we focus on improving the performance of a multithreaded triangular solver, an important kernel for preconditioning. We analyze three factors that affect the parallel performance of this threaded kernel and obtain good scalability on the multi-core nodes for a range of matrix sizes. C1 [Wolf, Michael M.; Heroux, Michael A.; Boman, Erik G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wolf, MM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mmwolf@sandia.gov; maherou@sandia.gov; egboman@sandia.gov RI Wolf, Michael/J-8135-2016; OI Wolf, Michael/0000-0002-1862-6912; Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19327-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6449 BP 32 EP 44 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUX98 UT WOS:000290652300006 ER PT S AU Baker, AH Schulz, M Yang, UM AF Baker, Allison H. Schulz, Martin Yang, Ulrike M. BE Palma, JML Dayde, M Marques, O Lopez, JC TI On the Performance of an Algebraic Multigrid Solver on Multicore Clusters SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Berkeley, CA AB Algebraic multigrid (AMG) solvers have proven to be extremely efficient on distributed-memory architectures. However, when executed on modern multicore cluster architectures, we face new challenges that can significantly harm AMG's performance. We discuss our experiences on such an architecture and present a set of techniques that help users to overcome the associated problems, including thread and process pinning and correct memory associations. We have implemented most of the techniques in a MultiCore SUPport library (MCSup), which helps to map OpenMP applications to multicore machines. We present results using both an MPI-only and a hybrid MPI/OpenMP model. C1 [Baker, Allison H.; Schulz, Martin; Yang, Ulrike M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baker, AH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM abaker@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; umyang@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19327-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6449 BP 102 EP 115 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUX98 UT WOS:000290652300012 ER PT S AU Yamazaki, I Li, XS AF Yamazaki, Ichitaro Li, Xiaoye S. BE Palma, JML Dayde, M Marques, O Lopez, JC TI On Techniques to Improve Robustness and Scalability of a Parallel Hybrid Linear Solver SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Berkeley, CA AB A hybrid linear solver based on the Schur complement method has great potential to be a general purpose solver scalable on tens of thousands of processors. For this, it is imperative to exploit two levels of parallelism; namely, solving independent subdomains in parallel and using multiple processors per subdomain. This hierarchical parallelism can lead to a scalable implementation which maintains numerical stability at the same time. In this framework, load imbalance and excessive communication, which can lead to performance bottlenecks, occur at two levels: in an intra-processor group assigned to the same subdomain and among inter-processor groups assigned to different subdomains. We developed several techniques to address these issues, such as taking advantage of the sparsity of right-hand-sides during the triangular solutions with interfaces, load balancing sparse matrix-matrix multiplication to form update matrices, and designing an effective asynchronous point-to-point communication of the update matrices. We present numerical results to demonstrate that with the help of these techniques, our hybrid solver can efficiently solve large-scale highly-indefinite linear systems on thousands of processors. C1 [Yamazaki, Ichitaro; Li, Xiaoye S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yamazaki, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-19327-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6449 BP 421 EP 434 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUX98 UT WOS:000290652300038 ER PT J AU Martha, SK Haik, O Borgel, V Zinigrad, E Exnar, I Drezen, T Miners, JH Aurbach, D AF Martha, Surendra K. Haik, Ortal Borgel, Valentina Zinigrad, Ella Exnar, Ivan Drezen, Thierry Miners, James H. Aurbach, Doron TI Li4Ti5O12/LiMnPO4 Lithium-Ion Battery Systems for Load Leveling Application SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED CATHODE MATERIAL; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; POWER APPLICATIONS; ENERGY-STORAGE; LOW-COST; LIMNPO4; CELLS AB A new type of lithium-ion cell based on the combination of spinel Li4Ti5O12 anode with a high voltage olivine LiMnPO4 cathode, which can be promising for load leveling applications, is demonstrated for the first time. The power and safety characteristics of this battery system were found to meet the requirement for this application. The structure, surface morphology, and the performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and standard electrochemical techniques. A stable reversible capacity up to 125 mAh g(-1) of the cathode in full cell could be measured at discharge potentials > 2.5 V with a reasonable capacity retention during prolonged charge/discharge cycling. The thermal stability of pristine and electrochemically delithiated LiMnPO4-Li4Ti5O12 composite cathodes and anodes in contact with the electrolyte solution was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The electrodes were also studied by thermogravimetric analysis, coupled with mass spectrometry. We did not found appreciable changes in the thermal stability of the electrodes in their pristine and charged states, in contact with LiPF6 solution in mixtures of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3585837] All rights reserved. C1 [Martha, Surendra K.; Haik, Ortal; Borgel, Valentina; Zinigrad, Ella; Aurbach, Doron] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Exnar, Ivan] Adex Consulting, CH-4452 Itingen, Switzerland. [Drezen, Thierry; Miners, James H.] DOW Europe GmBH, CH-8810 Horgen, Switzerland. RP Martha, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aurbach@mail.biu.ac.il FU ISF, Israel Science Foundation FX A partial support for this work was obtained from the ISF, Israel Science Foundation. The authors thank Laetitia Poletto (DOW Europe GmBH) for electrochemical testing and fruitful discussions, and Dr Andreas Wursig (Fraunhofer Institut fur Siliziumtechnologie ISIT) for pouch cells preparation. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 61 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 7 BP A790 EP A797 DI 10.1149/1.3585837 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 767QI UT WOS:000290870700002 ER PT B AU Raeymaekers, B Etsion, I AF Raeymaekers, Bart Etsion, Izhak GP ASME TI DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONTACT MODEL FOR SLIDING REALISTIC ROUGH SURFACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE STLE/ASME INTERNATIONAL JOINT TRIBOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2010 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT STLE/ASME International Joint Tribology Conference CY OCT 17-20, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Tribol Div, STLE, Soc Tribologists & Lubrication Engn ID MIXED FRICTION; NORMAL LOADS; BOUNDARY AB We have investigated the sliding contact between nominally flat realistic rough surfaces. Using a technique based on filtering we have created well defined non-isotropic rough surfaces with a Gaussian distribution of asperity heights. We have studied the effect of inertia on the separation between sliding rough surfaces and found that inertia due to contacting asperities may substantially affect the separation between two sliding surfaces. C1 [Raeymaekers, Bart] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Raeymaekers, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4419-9 PY 2011 BP 345 EP 347 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BUX06 UT WOS:000290556400090 ER PT B AU Serrato, MJ Langton, CA Gladden, JB Long, JT Blankenship, JK Szilagyi, AP Hannah, GR Stubblefield, RB AF Serrato, Michael J. Langton, Christine A. Gladden, John B. Long, John T. Blankenship, John K. Szilagyi, Andrew P. Hannah, George R. Stubblefield, Rita B. GP ASME TI CONSIDERATIONS FOR GROUT FORMULATIONS FOR FACILITY CLOSURES USING IN SITU STRATEGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP ASME, Env Engn, ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting in situ closures (entombment) at a large number of facilities throughout the complex. Among the largest closure actions currently underway are the closures of the P and R Reactors at the Savannah River Site (SRS), near Aiken, South Carolina. In these facilities, subgrade open spaces are being stabilized with grout; this ensures the long term structural integrity of the facilities and permanently immobilizes and isolates residual contamination. The large size and structural complexity of these facilities present a wide variety of challenges for the identification and selection of appropriate fill materials. Considerations for grout formulations must account for flowability, long term stability, set times, heat generation and interactions with materials within the structure. The large size and configuration of the facility necessitates that grout must be pumped from the exterior to the spaces to be filled, which requires that the material must retain a high degree of flowability to move through piping without clogging while achieving the required leveling properties at the pour site. Set times and curing properties must be controlled to meet operations schedules, while not generating sufficient heat to compromise the properties of the fill material. The properties of residual materials can result in additional requirements for grout formulations. If significant quantities of aluminum are present in the facility, common formulations of highly alkaline grouts may not be appropriate because of the potential for hydrogen generation with the resultant risks. SRS is developing specialized inorganic grout formulations that arc designed to address this issue. One circum-neutral chemical grout formulation identified for initial consideration did not possess the proper chemical characteristics, having exceptionally short set times and high heat of hydration. Research efforts are directed toward developing grout formulations that can meet operational requirements for chemical compatibility, extended set times and reduced heat generation. C1 [Serrato, Michael J.; Langton, Christine A.; Gladden, John B.] Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Serrato, MJ (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5452-5 PY 2011 BP 455 EP 461 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BUX00 UT WOS:000290548500064 ER PT B AU Tsai, HC Liu, YY Shuler, J AF Tsai, Hanchung Liu, Yung Y. Shuler, James GP ASME TI RFID TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2010, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP ASME, Env Engn, ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB An advanced Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system capable of tracking and monitoring a wide range of materials and components - from fissionable stocks to radioactive wastes - has been developed. The system offers a number of advantages, including enhanced safety, security and safeguards, reduced personnel exposure to radiation, and improved inventory control and cost-effectiveness. Using sensors, RFID tags can monitor the state of health of the tracked items and trigger alarms instantly when the normal ranges are violated. Nonvolatile memories in the tags can store sensor data, event records, as well as a contents manifest. Gamma irradiation tests showed that the tag components possess significant radiation resistance. Long-life batteries and smart management circuitries permit the tags to operate for up to 10 years without battery replacement. The tags have a near universal form factor, i.e., they can fit different package types. The read range is up to >100 m with no line-of-sight required. With careful implementation, even a large-size processing or storage facility with a complex configuration can be monitored with a handful of readers in a network. In transportation, by incorporating Global Positioning System (GPS), satellite/cellular communication technology, and secure Internet, situation awareness is assured continuously. The RFID system, when integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, can promptly provide content- and event-specific information to first responders and emergency management teams in case of incidents. In stand-alone applications, the monitoring and tracking data are contained within the local computer. With a secure Internet, information can be shared within the complex or even globally in real time. As with the deployment of any new technology, overcoming the cultural resistance is part of the developmental process. With a strong institutional support and multiple successful live demonstrations, the cultural resistance has been mostly overcome. As a result, implementation of the RFID technology is taking place at several of U.S. Department of Energy sites and laboratories for processing, storage, and transportation applications. C1 [Tsai, Hanchung; Liu, Yung Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsai, HC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5452-5 PY 2011 BP 511 EP 518 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BUX00 UT WOS:000290548500073 ER PT B AU Karasaki, K Onishi, CT Gasperikova, E Goto, J Tsuchi, H Miwa, T Ueta, K Kiho, K Miyakawa, K AF Karasaki, Kenzi Onishi, Celia Tiemi Gasperikova, Erika Goto, Junichi Tsuchi, Hiroyuki Miwa, Tadashi Ueta, Keiichi Kiho, Kenzo Miyakawa, Kimio GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT OF CHARACTERIZATION TECHNOLOGY FOR FAULT ZONE HYDROLOGY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP ASME, Env Engn, ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB Several deep trenches were cut, and a number of geophysical surveys were conducted across the Wildcat Fault in the hills east of Berkeley, California. The Wildcat Fault is believed to be a strike-slip fault and a member of the Hayward Fault System, with over 10 km of displacement. So far, three boreholes of similar to 150m deep have been core-drilled and borehole geophysical logs were conducted. The rocks are extensively sheared and fractured; gouges were observed at several depths and a thick cataclasitic zone was also observed. While confirming some earlier, published conclusions from shallow observations about Wildcat, some unexpected findings were encountered. Preliminary analysis indicates that Wildcat near the field site consists of multiple faults. The hydraulic test data suggest the dual properties of the hydrologic structure of the fault zone. A fourth borehole is planned to penetrate the main fault believed to lie in-between the holes. The main philosophy behind our approach for the hydrologic characterization of such a complex fractured system is to let the system take its own average and monitor a long term behavior instead of collecting a multitude of data at small length and time scales, or at a discrete fracture scale and to "up-scale," which is extremely tenuous. C1 [Karasaki, Kenzi; Gasperikova, Erika] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karasaki, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5453-2 PY 2011 BP 297 EP 303 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BUX01 UT WOS:000290548600037 ER PT B AU Cournoyer, ME Nixon, AE Fife, KW Sandoval, AM Garcia, VE Dodge, RL AF Cournoyer, Michael E. Nixon, Archie E. Fife, Keith W. Sandoval, Arnold M. Garcia, Vincent E. Dodge, Robert L. GP ASME TI TRANSURANIC (TRU) WASTE VOLUME REDUCTION OPERATIONS AT A PLUTONIUM FACILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP ASME, Env Engn, ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB Programmatic operations at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Plutonium Facility (TA-55) involve working with various amounts of plutonium and other highly toxic, alpha-emitting materials. The spread of radiological contamination on surfaces, airborne contamination, and excursions of contaminants into the operator's breathing zone are prevented through use of a variety of gloveboxes (the glovebox, coupled with an adequate negative pressure gradient, provides primary confinement). Size-reduction operations on glovebox equipment are a common activity when a process has been discontinued and the room is being modified to support a new customer. The Actinide Processing Group at TA-55 uses one-meter or longer glass columns to process plutonium. Disposal of used columns is a challenge, since they must be size-reduced to get them out of the glovebox. The task is a high-risk operation because the glass shards that are generated can puncture the bag-out bags, leather protectors, glovebox gloves, and the worker's skin when completing the task. One of the Lessons Learned from these operations is that Laboratory management should critically evaluate each hazard and provide more effective measures to prevent personnel injury. A bag made of puncture-resistant material was one of these enhanced controls. We have investigated the effectiveness of these bags and have found that they safely and effectively permit glass objects to be reduced to small pieces with a plastic or rubber mallet; the waste can then be easily poured into a container for removal from the glovebox as non-compactable transuranic (TRU) waste. This size-reduction operation reduces solid TRU waste volume generation by almost 2 1/2 times. Replacing one-time-use bag-out bags with multiple-use glass crushing bags also contributes to reducing generated waste. In addition, significant costs from contamination, cleanup, and preparation of incident documentation are avoided. This effort contributes to the Los Alamos National Laboratory Continuous Improvement Program by improving the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and formality of glovebox operations. In this report, the technical issues, associated with implementing this process improvement are addressed, the results discussed, effectiveness of Lessons Learned evaluated, and waste savings presented. C1 [Cournoyer, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, TA55 OPS, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Cournoyer, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, TA55 OPS, MS E517, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM mec@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5453-2 PY 2011 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BUX01 UT WOS:000290548600039 ER PT B AU Wellman, DM Mattigod, SV Hubbard, S Miracle, A Zhong, LR Foote, M Wu, YX Jansik, D AF Wellman, Dawn M. Mattigod, Shas V. Hubbard, Susan Miracle, Ann Zhong, Lirong Foote, Martin Wu, Yuxin Jansik, Danielle GP ASME TI ADVANCED REMEDIAL METHODS FOR METALS AND RADIONUCLIDES IN VADOSE ZONE ENVIRONMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP ASME, Env Engn, ASME, Nucl Engn Div ID SURFACTANT FOAM; POROUS-MEDIA; GAS-BUBBLES; SOIL; MICROBUBBLES; ULTRASOUND; GENERATION; MICROFOAMS AB Functionally, the methods for addressing contamination must remove and/or reduce transport or toxicity of contaminants. This problem is particularly challenging in arid environments where the vadose zone can be up to hundreds of feet thick, rendering transitional excavation methods exceedingly costly and ineffective. Delivery of remedial amendments is one of the most challenging and critical aspects for all remedy-based approaches. The conventional approach for delivery is through injection of aqueous remedial solutions. However, heterogeneous vadose zone environments present hydrologic and geochemical challenges that limit the effectiveness. Because the flow of solution infiltration is dominantly controlled by gravity and suction, injected liquid preferentially percolates through highly permeable pathways, by-passing low-permeability zones which frequently contain the majority of the contamination. Moreover, the wetting front can readily mobilize and enhance contaminant transport to underlying aquifers prior to stabilization. Development of innovative, in-situ technologies may be the only way to meet remedial action objectives and long-term stewardship goals. Shear-thinning fluids (i.e., surfactants) can be used to lower the liquid surface tension and create stabile foams, which readily penetrate low permeability zones. Although surfactant foams have been utilized for subsurface mobilization efforts in the oil and gas industry, so far, the concept of using foams as a delivery mechanism for transporting reactive remedial amendments into deep vadose zone environments to stabilize metal and long-lived radionuclide contaminants has not been explored. Foam flow can be directed by pressure gradients, rather than being dominated by gravity; and, foam delivery mechanisms limit the volume of water (< 20% vol.) required for remedy delivery and emplacement, thus mitigating contaminant mobilization. We will present the results of a numerical modeling and integrated laboratory- / intermediate-scale investigation to simulate, develop, demonstrate, and monitor (i.e. advanced geophysical techniques and advanced predictive microbial markers) foam-based delivery of remedial amendments to remediate metals and radionuclides in vadose zone environments. C1 [Wellman, Dawn M.; Mattigod, Shas V.; Miracle, Ann; Zhong, Lirong; Jansik, Danielle] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wellman, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5453-2 PY 2011 BP 585 EP 592 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BUX01 UT WOS:000290548600076 ER PT B AU Triplett, MB Freshley, MD Truex, MJ Wellman, DM Gerdes, KD Charboneau, BL Morse, JG Lober, RW Chronister, GB AF Triplett, Mark B. Freshley, Mark D. Truex, Michael J. Wellman, Dawn M. Gerdes, Kurt D. Charboneau, Briant L. Morse, John G. Lober, Robert W. Chronister, Glen B. GP ASME TI INTEGRATED STRATEGY TO ADDRESS HANFORD'S DEEP VADOSE ZONE REMEDIATION CHALLENGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP ASME, Env Engn, ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB A vast majority of Hanford's remaining in-ground contaminants reside in the vadose zone of the Central Plateau, where reprocessing operations occurred. The vadose zone is comprised of about 75 meters of water-unsaturated sediments above groundwater. If left. untreated, these contaminants could reach groundwater and could remain a threat for centuries. Much of this contamination resides deep in the vadose zone, below the effective depth of tradition surface remedy influence. In 2008, the Department of Energy initiated deep vadose zone treatability testing to seek remedies for technetium-99 and uranium contamination. These tests include the application of desiccation for technetium-99 and reactive gas technologies for uranium. To complement these efforts, the Department of Energy has initiated a "defense-in-depth" approach to address the unique challenges for characterization and remediation of the deep vadose zone. This defense-in-depth approach will implement multiple approaches to understand and control contaminant flux from the deep vadose zone to the groundwater. Among these approaches is an increased investment in science and technology solutions to resolve deep vadose zone challenges including characterization, prediction, remediation, and monitoring. C1 [Triplett, Mark B.; Freshley, Mark D.; Truex, Michael J.; Wellman, Dawn M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Triplett, MB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5453-2 PY 2011 BP 603 EP 612 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BUX01 UT WOS:000290548600078 ER PT B AU Abeyta, C Matzke, J Zarling, J Tompkins, JA AF Abeyta, Cristy Matzke, Jim Zarling, John Tompkins, J. Andrew GP ASME TI PROBLEMS WITH PACKAGED SOURCES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2010, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY OCT 03-07, 2010 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP ASME, Env Engn, ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB The Global Threat Reduction Initiative's (GTRI) Off-Site Source Recovery Project (OSRP), which is administered by the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), removes excess, unwanted, abandoned, or orphan radioactive sealed sources that pose a potential threat to national security, public health, and safety. In total, GTRI/OSRP has been able to recover more than 25,000 excess and unwanted sealed sources from over 825 sites. In addition to transuranic sources, the GTRI/OSRP mission now includes recovery of beta/gamma emitting sources, which are of concern to both the U.S. government and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This paper provides a synopsis of cooperative efforts in foreign countries to remove excess and unwanted sealed sources by discussing three topical areas: 1) The Regional Partnership with the International Atomic Energy Agency; 2) Challenges in repatriating sealed sources; and 3) Options for repatriating sealed sources. C1 [Abeyta, Cristy; Matzke, Jim; Zarling, John; Tompkins, J. Andrew] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Abeyta, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LAUR 1004860, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5453-2 PY 2011 BP 659 EP 664 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BUX01 UT WOS:000290548600085 ER PT B AU Crandall, D Ahmadi, G Smith, DH AF Crandall, Dustin Ahmadi, Goodarz Smith, Duane H. GP ASME TI MEASUREMENT OF INTERFACIAL AREA PRODUCTION AND PERMEABILITY WITHIN POROUS MEDIA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOCHANNELS, MICROCHANNELS AND MINICHANNELS, 2010, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID MULTIPHASE FLOW AB An understanding of the pore-level interactions that affect multi-phase flow in porous media is important in many subsurface engineering applications, including enhanced oil recovery, remediation of dense non-aqueous liquid contaminated sites, and geologic CO(2) sequestration. Standard models of two-phase flow in porous media have been shown to have several shortcomings, which might partially be overcome using a recently developed model based on thermodynamic principles that includes interfacial area as an additional parameter. A few static experimental studies have been previously performed, which allowed the determination of static parameters of the model, but no information exists concerning the interfacial area dynamic parameters. A new experimental porous flow cell that was constructed using stereolithography for two-phase gas-liquid flow studies was used in conjunction with an in-house analysis code to provide information on dynamic evolution of both fluid phases and gas-liquid interfaces. In this paper, we give a brief introduction to the new generalized model of two-phase flow model and describe how the stereolithography flow cell experimental setup was used to obtain the dynamic parameters for the interfacial area numerical model. In particular, the methods used to determine the interfacial area permeability and production terms are shown. C1 [Crandall, Dustin] Natl Energy Technol Lab, URS Washington Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Crandall, D (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, URS Washington Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Dustin.Crandall@ur.netl.doe.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5450-1 PY 2011 BP 1611 EP 1617 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mechanics; Physics GA BUX05 UT WOS:000290556300213 ER PT J AU Taylor-Pashow, KML Missimer, DM Jurgensen, A Hobbs, DT AF Taylor-Pashow, K. M. L. Missimer, D. M. Jurgensen, A. Hobbs, D. T. TI Characterization of Modified Monosodium Titanate - An Improved Sorbent for Strontium and Actinide Separations SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaline waste; iodometric titration; ion exchange; neptunium; peroxotitanate; plutonium; uranium AB High-level nuclear waste produced from fuel reprocessing operations at the Savannah River Site requires pretreatment to remove 134,137Cs, 90Sr, and alpha-emitting radionuclides (i.e., actinides) prior to disposal onsite as low level waste. An inorganic sorbent, monosodium titanate, is currently used to remove 90Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides, while a caustic-side solvent extraction process is used for removing 134,137Cs. A new peroxotitanate material has recently been developed and has shown increased removal kinetics and capacity for 90Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides compared to the current baseline material. This article describes recent results focused on further characterization of this material. C1 [Taylor-Pashow, K. M. L.; Missimer, D. M.; Jurgensen, A.; Hobbs, D. T.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hobbs, DT (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 773-A,B-117, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM david.hobbs@srnl.doe.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Waste Processing in the Office of Environmental Management FX We thank the U.S. Department of Energy for funding this work through the Office of Waste Processing in the Office of Environmental Management. The authors thank the technical staff at the Savannah River National Laboratory for their assistance in completing the experimental work including Mona Blume and Kimberly Wyszynksi, as well as the contributions of David Diprete, Ceci Diprete, and Curtis Johnson, in completing the many radiochemical and elemental analyses. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1097 AR PII 937134415 DI 10.1080/01496395.2011.554951 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 761VK UT WOS:000290428900004 ER PT S AU Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Kunhikrishnan, A James, T McDowell, R Senesi, N AF Bolan, Nanthi S. Adriano, Domy C. Kunhikrishnan, Anitha James, Trevor McDowell, Richard Senesi, Nicola BE Sparks, DL TI DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, DYNAMICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE IN SOILS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 110 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; STREAM WATER CHEMISTRY; PINE PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; SLUDGE-AMENDED SOILS; ACID-BASE PROPERTIES; SYLVATICA L. STANDS; SPRUCE PICEA-ABIES AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is defined as the organic matter fraction in solution that passes through a 0.45 mu m filter. Although DOM is ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, it represents only a small proportion of the total organic matter in soil. However, DOM, being the most mobile and actively cycling organic matter fraction, influences a spectrum of biogeochemical processes in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Biological fixation of atmospheric CO2 during photosynthesis by higher plants is the primary driver of global carbon cycle. A major portion of the carbon in organic matter in the aquatic environment is derived from the transport of carbon produced in the terrestrial environment. However, much of the terrestrially produced DOM is consumed by microbes, photo degraded, or adsorbed in soils and sediments as it passes to the ocean. The majority of DOM in terrestrial and aquatic environments is ultimately returned to atmosphere as CO2 through microbial respiration, thereby renewing the atmospheric CO2 reserve for photosynthesis. Dissolved organic matter plays a significant role in influencing the dynamics and interactions of nutrients and contaminants in soils and microbial functions, thereby serving as a sensitive indicator of shifts in ecological processes. This chapter aims to highlight knowledge on the production of DOM in soils under different management regimes, identify its sources and sinks, and integrate its dynamics with various soil processes. Understanding the significance of DOM in soil processes can enhance development of strategies to mitigate DOM-induced environmental impacts. This review encourages greater interactions between terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemists and ecologists, which is essential for unraveling the fundamental biogeochemical processes involved in the synthesis of DOM in terrestrial ecosystem, its subsequent transport to aquatic ecosystem, and its role in environmental sustainability, buffering of nutrients and pollutants (metal(loid)s and organics), and the net effect on the global carbon cycle. C1 [Bolan, Nanthi S.; Kunhikrishnan, Anitha] Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Bolan, Nanthi S.; Kunhikrishnan, Anitha] Univ S Australia, CRC CARE, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Adriano, Domy C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [James, Trevor] Ruakura Res Ctr, AgRes, Hamilton, New Zealand. [McDowell, Richard] Invermay Agr Ctr, AgRes, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Senesi, Nicola] Univ Bari, Dept Agroforestal & Environm Biol & Chem, Bari, Italy. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011; OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692; McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 456 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 16 U2 257 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-385531-2 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2011 VL 110 BP 1 EP 75 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385531-2.00001-3 PG 75 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BTM44 UT WOS:000287331100001 ER PT J AU Gurung, T Laney, D Lindstrom, P Rossignac, J AF Gurung, Topraj Laney, Daniel Lindstrom, Peter Rossignac, Jarek TI SQuad: Compact Representation for Triangle Meshes SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article AB The SQuad data structure represents the connectivity of a triangle mesh by its "S table" of about 2 rpt (integer references per triangle). Yet it allows for a simple implementation of expected constant-time, random-access operators for traversing the mesh, including in-order traversal of the triangles incident upon a vertex. SQuad is more compact than the Corner Table (CT), which stores 6 rpt, and than the recently proposed SOT, which stores 3 rpt. However, in-core access is generally faster in CT than in SQuad, and SQuad requires rebuilding the S table if the connectivity is altered. The storage reduction and memory coherence opportunities it offers may help to reduce the frequency of page faults and cache misses when accessing elements of a mesh that does not fit in memory. We provide the details of a simple algorithm that builds the S table and of an optimized implementation of the SQuad operators. C1 [Gurung, Topraj; Rossignac, Jarek] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Laney, Daniel; Lindstrom, Peter] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Gurung, T (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NSF [0811485] FX This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and was partially supported by NSF grant 0811485. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0167-7055 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2011.01866.x PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 756FC UT WOS:000289996100013 ER PT J AU Wilson, MS Delariva, A Garzon, FH AF Wilson, Mahlon S. Delariva, Andrew Garzon, Fernando H. TI Synthesis of sub-2 nm ceria crystallites in carbon matrixes by simple pyrolysis of ion-exchange resins SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; CEO2; ELECTROOXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORBENTS; CHEMISTRY; CATALYSTS; PLATINUM; OXIDE AB Highly crystalline ceria nanoparticles in porous carbon matrixes are formed by the simple pyrolysis of cerium loaded ion-exchange resins. The resulting cerium/carbon composite structures maintain the original bead or powder form of the precursor resins with an increase in specific surface area. Incorporating Gd or Pr dopants with Ce in the resins provide uniform dispersions and equally small ceria crystallites upon pyrolysis, typically 1-2 nm. Highly active particles are obtained, as demonstrated by air light-off of the ceria/carbon composites as low as 200 degrees C. The combination of the high pyrolysis temperature (1000 degrees C) and the controlled dispersion and stable environment provided by the ion-exchange resin precursors are key to provide highly crystalline and extremely small ceria particles in a conductive carbon matrix. Various types of cation-exchange resins are considered and the best results are obtained with highly cross-linked or styrene-divinyl benzene (DVB) matrixes and cation chelating or weak acid functionalities. C1 [Wilson, Mahlon S.; Garzon, Fernando H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp MPA 11, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Delariva, Andrew] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Wilson, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp MPA 11, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mahlon@lanl.gov; garzon@lanl.gov OI Wilson, Mahlon/0000-0002-5944-2650 FU U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX Financial support was provided by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program of the U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 20 BP 7418 EP 7424 DI 10.1039/c1jm10529a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 758LV UT WOS:000290167200052 ER PT J AU Konrad, BP Vaidya, NK Smith, RJ AF Konrad, Bernhard P. Vaidya, Naveen K. Smith, Robert J. TI Modelling Mutation to a Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte HIV Vaccine SO MATHEMATICAL POPULATION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE adherence; cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; escape mutation; fitness cost; impulsive differential equations; vaccination ID MULTIPROTEIN DNA/MVA VACCINE; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; MUCOSAL CHALLENGE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; RHESUS-MONKEYS; VIRAL ESCAPE; INFECTION; AIDS; PREVENTION; VIREMIA AB Resistance to a postinfection HIV vaccine that stimulates cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) depends on the relationship between the vaccine strength, the fitness cost of the mutant strain, and the rate of mutant escape. If the vaccine is strong enough, both strains of the virus should be controlled by administering the vaccine sufficiently often. However, if escape mutation to the vaccine occurs, then either the wild type or the mutant can outcompete the other strain. Imperfect adherence may result in the persistence of the mutant, while fluctuations in the vaccination timeeven if no vaccines are missedmay result in the mutant outcompeting the wild type. C1 [Smith, Robert J.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Math, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Smith, Robert J.] Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Konrad, Bernhard P.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fac Math, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Vaidya, Naveen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, RJ (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Math, 585 King Edward Ave, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM rsmith43@uottawa.ca FU Baden-Wurtemberg Stipendium; NSERC; Ontario Early Researcher Award; MITACS FX The authors are grateful to Beni Sahai, Elissa Schwartz, Isabella Graf, and Lisa Minuk for technical discussions. Bernhard P. Konrad acknowledges the Ontario/Baden-Wurtemberg exchange program for enabling him to spend a year abroad at the Department of Mathematics in Ottawa and the Baden-Wurtemberg Stipendium for financial support. Robert J. Smith? is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant, an Ontario Early Researcher Award and funding from MITACS. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0889-8480 J9 MATH POPUL STUD JI Math. Popul. Stud. PY 2011 VL 18 IS 2 SI SI BP 122 EP 149 AR PII 936959232 DI 10.1080/08898480.2011.564566 PG 28 WC Demography; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Demography; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 756RM UT WOS:000290032400005 ER PT J AU Qiu, JW AF Qiu, Jian-Wei TI Basics of Perturbative QCD SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE-SPIN; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; LEADING-ORDER; HIGH-ENERGIES; LEPTOPRODUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB In these two lectures, I will briefly review the basics of perturbative QCD, its predictive power, and its potential for exploring the rich dynamics of QCD and hadron structures. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qiu, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jqiu@bnl.gov FU Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported in part by the Yukawa International Program for Quark-Hadron Sciences at Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, and by the U.S. Department of Energy (contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2011 IS 187 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 GA 759LB UT WOS:000290243700001 ER PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, Larry TI The CGC and the Glasma: Two Lectures at the Yukawa Institute SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR GLUON EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; CONDENSATE; EQUATION; DENSITY; QCD AB These lectures concern the theory of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) and the Glasma. These are forms of matter that control the earliest times in hadronic collisions. I will motivate the CGC and Glasma from simple physical considerations, and provide a sketchy derivation from QCD. There will be some discussion of experimental tests of these ideas. C1 [McLerran, Larry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McLerran, Larry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX I gratefully acknowledge my colleagues in Japan who put together this stimulating meeting. In particular, Yoshi Hatta, Yoshimasa Hidaka, Kazu Itakura, Kenji Fukushima, and Teiji Kunihiro were very kind and helpful. The research of L. McLerran is supported under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2011 IS 187 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 GA 759LB UT WOS:000290243700002 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, Xin-Nian TI Jet Tomography of Dense Matter in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; SCATTERING; QCD; FLOW AB Transverse momentum broadening and parton energy loss for a jet propagating inside a medium can be characterized by the jet transport parameter (q) over cap which is essentially the local gluon density as probed by an energetic jet. This is the underlying principle of jet tomography of dense matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this talk, I will discuss recent progress in the study of jet tomography in both semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering off large nuclei and high-energy heavy-ion collisions. C1 [Wang, Xin-Nian] Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xin-Nian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 FU Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Divisions of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The author would like to thank his collaborators for the joint work on which this talk is based on. This work is supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Divisions of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2011 IS 187 BP 43 EP 54 PG 12 GA 759LB UT WOS:000290243700004 ER PT J AU Dumitru, A AF Dumitru, Adrian TI Quarkonium in a Non-Ideal Hot QCD Plasma SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID SHORT-DISTANCE ANALYSIS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; POLYAKOV LOOP; HEAVY QUARKS; WILSON LOOPS; COLLISIONS; DISSOCIATION; SYSTEMS AB Substantial anisotropies should occur in the hot expanding QCD plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions clue to non-vanishing shear viscosity. We discuss the form of the real-time, hard thermal loop resummed propagator for static gluons in the presence of such anisotropies and the consequences for quarkonium binding. It has been predicted that the propagator develops an imaginary part due to Landau damping at high temperature. This should generate a much larger width of quarkonium states than the Appelquist-Politzer vacuum estimate corresponding to decay into three gluons. We argue that this might be observable in heavy-ion collisions as a suppression of the r(1S) -> e(+)e(-) process. Lastly, we consider the heavy quark (singlet) free energy just above the deconfinement temperature. In the "semi-QGP", F-Q (Q) over bar(R) at distances beyond 1/T is expected to be suppressed by 1/N as compared to an ideal plasma. C1 [Dumitru, Adrian] CUNY, Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Dumitru, Adrian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dumitru, A (reprint author), CUNY, Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 17 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA. FU DOE Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-09ER41620]; Dean's office of Weissman School of Arts and Sciences; Yukawa International Program for Quark-Hadron Sciences FX I thank all of my collaborators for their input and Prof. K. Yazaki for useful questions about the quarkonium width during the HESI2010 meeting. I am indebted to the organizers of the Yukawa International Program for Quark-Hadron Sciences at Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, for their hospitality and for the invitation to present this work at the "High Energy Strong Interactions 2010" symposium. I gratefully acknowledge support by the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics through Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER41620, by the Dean's office of Weissman School of Arts and Sciences, and by Yukawa International Program for Quark-Hadron Sciences. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2011 IS 187 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 GA 759LB UT WOS:000290243700008 ER PT J AU Qiu, JW AF Qiu, Jian-Wei TI Probing Hadron Structure with a Polarized Hadron Beam SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SINGLE-SPIN; DRELL-YAN; PROTON; GAUGE; LEPTOPRODUCTION; FACTORIZATION AB In this talk, I briefly describe how a polarized hadron beam in high energy collisions could enhance our capability to explore the hadron's partonic structure. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qiu, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jqiu@bnl.gov FU Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported in part by the Yukawa International Program for Quark-Hadron Sciences at Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, and by the U.S. Department of Energy (contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2011 IS 187 BP 210 EP 220 PG 11 GA 759LB UT WOS:000290243700021 ER PT J AU Long, MS Keene, WC Kieber, DJ Erickson, DJ Maring, H AF Long, M. S. Keene, W. C. Kieber, D. J. Erickson, D. J. Maring, H. TI A sea-state based source function for size- and composition-resolved marine aerosol production SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; BREAKING WAVES; ORGANIC-CARBON; AIR ENTRAINMENT; CHLOROPHYLL DATA; OCEAN SURFACE; SALT AEROSOL; BUBBLES; MODEL; WATER AB A parameterization for the size- and composition-resolved production fluxes of nascent marine aerosol was developed from prior experimental observations and extrapolated to ambient conditions based on estimates of air entrainment by the breaking of wind-driven ocean waves. Production of particulate organic carbon (OCaer) was parameterized based on Langmuir equilibrium-type association of organic matter to bubble plumes in seawater and resulting aerosol as constrained by measurements of aerosol produced from productive and oligotrophic seawater. This novel approach is the first to parameterize size- and composition-resolved aerosol production based on explicit evaluation of wind-driven air entrainment/detrainment fluxes and chlorophyll-a as a proxy for surfactants in surface seawater. Production fluxes were simulated globally with an eight aerosol-size-bin version of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM v3.5.07). Simulated production fluxes fell within the range of published estimates based on observationally constrained parameterizations. Because the parameterization does not consider contributions from spume drops, the simulated global mass flux (1.5 x 10(3) Tg y(-1)) is near the lower end of published estimates. The simulated production of aerosol number (1.4 x 10(6) m(-2) s(-1)) and OCaer (29 Tg C y(-1)) fall near the upper end of published estimates and suggest that primary marine aerosols may have greater influences on the physicochemical evolution of the troposphere, radiative transfer and climate, and associated feedbacks on the surface ocean than suggested by previous model studies. C1 [Long, M. S.; Keene, W. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kieber, D. J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Erickson, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Maring, H.] NASA, Headquarters Radiat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Long, MS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM msl3v@virginia.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FG02-07ER64442]; Global Change Education Program Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship; National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ONRL) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0343146, ATM-0638741, ATM 0343199] FX We thank M. C. Facchini for helpful discussions and for providing unpublished data. We also thank C. Fairall and C. Blenkinsopp for constructive comments regarding wind-waves and air entrainment. Staff and scientists at the ORNL Computational Science and Mathematics Division (P. Worley), the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division (S. Ghan, X. Liu), and the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry's Atmospheric Chemistry Department (A. Kerkweg, P. Jockel, R. Sander) provided valuable assistance. We also acknowledge the contribution of processed SeaWIFS chl-a data by W. Gregg of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry Research Laboratory at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington also provided analytical facilities and assistance. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (grant number DE-FG02-07ER64442 to UVA), a Global Change Education Program Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship, and the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ONRL, contract DE-AC05-00OR22725). Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation through awards ATM-0343146 and ATM-0638741 to UVA and ATM 0343199 to SUNY. NR 64 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1203 EP 1216 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1203-2011 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721KW UT WOS:000287354100022 ER PT S AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, Paul BE Mahdavi, K Koslover, D Brown, LL TI Space and Time Lattices in Frame Fields of Quantum Representations of Real and Complex Numbers SO CROSS DISCIPLINARY ADVANCES IN QUANTUM COMPUTING SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Representation Theory, Quantum Field Theory, Category Theory, and Quantum Information Theory CY OCT 01-04, 2009 CL Univ Texas, Tyler, TX HO Univ Texas DE quantum real numbers; reference frames; space time lattices ID COHERENT THEORY; MATHEMATICS; MECHANICS; PHYSICS AB Earlier work on reference frame fields based on quantum theory representations of real and complex numbers is expanded here to include space and time lattices in each of the frames. Strings of qudits (d dimensional qubits) are described as hybrid systems in that they are both mathematical and physical systems. The views of systems in a stage j frame, as seen by observers in the stage j frame and in a stage j - 1 or parent frame are compared. Parent frame views of stage j systems differ in that rational numbers associated with the image systems are states of hybrid systems. Image points of image space and time lattices are tuples of hybrid systems with the state tuples the image point locations. A very brief description of Schrodinger dynamics of image systems on image lattices is given. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-4975-0 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2011 VL 536 BP 133 EP 152 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BUO08 UT WOS:000289883400007 ER PT J AU Jia, JY AF Jia, Jiangyong CA PHENIX Collaboration TI PHENIX study of dihadron correlation in Au plus Au collision at root s(NN)=200 GeV: jet quenching and medium response SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Jet quenching AB We provide a detailed survey study of dihadron azimuthal angle (Delta I center dot) correlations in a broad range of transverse momentum (0.4 < p (T) < 10 GeV/c) and centrality (0-92%) in Au+Au collisions at 149-2 = 200 GeV. The evolution of the jet shape and yield with p (T) seems to suggest two distinct components at the away-side pairs: a suppressed jet fragmentation component around Delta I center dot similar to pi, and a medium-induced components around |Delta I center dot - pi| similar to 1.1. The former dominates p (T) > 5 GeV/c and the later dominates at p (T) < 4 GeV/c. C1 [Jia, Jiangyong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11796 USA. RP Jia, JY (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jjia@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCIENCE PI KOLKATA PA INDIAN J PHYSICS, JADAVPUR, KOLKATA 700 032, INDIA SN 0973-1458 J9 INDIAN J PHYS JI Indian J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s12648-011-0033-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 756CE UT WOS:000289988500024 ER PT J AU Jia, JY AF Jia, Jiangyong CA PHENIX Collaboration TI PHENIX study of dihadron Delta eta correlation in Au plus Au collision at root s(NN)=200 GeV: the ridge SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Heavy ion collision; long range correlation; jet; quark gluon plasma AB We show the recent study of the ridge phenomena by PHENIX Collaboration over a broad transverse momentum (p (T) ) range. Properties of the ridge are extracted in terms of its shape in Delta I center dot and Delta eta, and its yield. These properties are found to be similar to the away-side modification in the same p (T) range, suggesting a related modification mechanisms in both the near- and away-side. C1 [Jia, Jiangyong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11796 USA. RP Jia, JY (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jjia@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCIENCE PI KOLKATA PA INDIAN J PHYSICS, JADAVPUR, KOLKATA 700 032, INDIA SN 0973-1458 J9 INDIAN J PHYS JI Indian J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s12648-011-0034-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 756CE UT WOS:000289988500025 ER PT J AU Dillard, DA Pohlit, DJ Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Kapania, RK AF Dillard, David A. Pohlit, David J. Jacob, George C. Starbuck, J. Michael Kapania, Rakesh K. TI On the Use of a Driven Wedge Test to Acquire Dynamic Fracture Energies of Bonded Beam Specimens SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE Adhesive; Arrest fracture energy; Composite laminates; Debonding; Delamination; Double cantilever beam (DCB); Driven wedge test; Dynamic fracture; Finite element analysis; High rate fracture; Impact; Kinetic energy; Stick-slip; Unstable crack growth ID CRACK PATH SELECTION; STICK-SLIP MOTION; MODE-I; VISCOELASTIC MEDIA; FIBER-COMPOSITES; HIGH-RATES; TOUGHNESS; GROWTH; JOINTS; ADHESIVE AB A driven wedge test is used to characterize the mode I fracture resistance of adhesively bonded composite beam specimens over a range of crosshead rates up to 1m/s. The shorter moment arms (between wedge contact and crack tip) significantly reduce inertial effects and stored energy in the debonded adherends, when compared with conventional means of testing double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens. This permitted collecting an order of magnitude more crack initiation events per specimen than could be obtained with end-loaded DCB specimens bonded with an epoxy exhibiting significant stick-slip behavior. The localized contact of the wedge with the adherends limits the amount of both elastic and kinetic energy, significantly reduces crack advance during slip events, and facilitates higher resolution imaging of the fracture zone with high speed imaging. The method appears to work well under both quasi-static and high rate loading, consistently providing substantially more discrete fracture events for specimens exhibiting pronounced stick-slip failures. Deflections associated with beam transverse shear and root rotation for the shorter beams were not negligible, so simple beam theory was inadequate for obtaining qualitative fracture energies. Finite element analysis of the specimens, however, showed that fracture energies were in good agreement with values obtained from traditional DCB tests. The method holds promise for use in dynamic testing and for characterizing bonded or laminated materials exhibiting significant stick slip behavior, reducing the number of specimens required to characterize a sufficient number of fracture events. C1 [Dillard, David A.; Pohlit, David J.] Virginia Tech, Engn Sci & Mech Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jacob, George C.] Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. [Starbuck, J. Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Kapania, Rakesh K.] Virginia Tech, Aerosp & Ocean Engn Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dillard, DA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Engn Sci & Mech Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dillard@vt.edu RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012; Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318; Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 FU 3M; U.S. Department of Energy through the USCAR Automotive Composites Consortium [DE-FC05-95OR22363] FX One of a Collection of papers honoring David A. Dillard, the recipient in February, 2010 of The Adhesion Society Award for Excellence in Adhesion Science, Sponsored by 3M.; The authors would like to acknowledge that this research was supported, in whole or in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy cooperative agreement number DE-FC05-95OR22363 through the USCAR Automotive Composites Consortium and by the U. S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, as part of the Lightweight Materials Program. Such support does not constitute an endorsement by the Department of Energy of the views expressed herein. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of our collaborators, Eric Johnson, Josh Simon, and Dhaval Makhecha, for their discussions and helpful input. Finally, we would like to thank Ronny Lomax for his special attention in specimen fabrication, and the reviewers for a number of helpful comments. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2011 VL 87 IS 4 BP 395 EP 423 AR PII 937002652 DI 10.1080/00218464.2011.562125 PG 29 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 756ZV UT WOS:000290054300007 ER PT J AU Sciau, P Leon, Y Goudeau, P Fakra, SC Webb, S Mehta, A AF Sciau, Philippe Leon, Yoanna Goudeau, Philippe Fakra, Sirine C. Webb, Sam Mehta, Apurva TI Reverse engineering the ancient ceramic technology based on X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATTIC BLACK GLOSS; DIFFRACTION; POTTERY; SLIPS; GREEK; SITES AB We present results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe analyses of ancient ceramic cross-sections aiming at deciphering the different firing protocols used for their production. Micro-focused XRF elemental mapping, Fe chemical mapping and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy were performed on pre-sigillata ceramics from southern Gaul, and terra Sigillata vessels from Italy and southern Gaul. Pieces from the different workshops and regions showed significant difference in the starting clay material, clay conditioning and kiln firing condition. By contrast, sherds from the same workshop exhibited more subtle differences and possible misfirings. Understanding the precise firing conditions and protocols would allow recreation of kilns for various productions. Furthermore, evolution and modification of kiln design would shed some light on how ancient potters devised solutions to diverse technological problems they encountered. C1 [Sciau, Philippe; Leon, Yoanna] Univ Toulouse, CEMES, CNRS, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Goudeau, Philippe] Univ Poitiers, Inst Pprime, CNRS, ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. [Fakra, Sirine C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Webb, Sam; Mehta, Apurva] SLAC, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sciau, P (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, CEMES, CNRS, 29 Rue J Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France. EM philippe.sciau@cemes.fr; philippe.goudeau@univ-poitiers.fr; sfakra@lbl.gov; mehta@slac.stanford.edu RI Sciau, Philippe/C-7734-2011; Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 FU Conseil Regional de Midi-Pyrenees [08005556-2]; France-Stanford Center; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-76-SFO0515] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Silvia Vilucchi (Arezzo museum), Alain Vernhet (TRACES, Toulouse University) and Michel Passelac (Archeologie des Societes miditerraneennes, Lattes-Montpellier University) for the archeological samples as well as Philippe de Parseval (GET/LMTG, Toulouse University) for the elemental composition measurements. This work was supported by the Conseil Regional de Midi-Pyrenees under contract no. 08005556-2, a France-Stanford Center grant for the 2006-2007 academic years and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy who is operating ALS and SSRL under contracts no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC02-76-SFO0515, respectively. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 969 EP 976 DI 10.1039/c0ja00212g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 752YR UT WOS:000289731900012 ER PT J AU Nilson, RH Brumbach, MT Bunker, BC AF Nilson, Robert H. Brumbach, Michael T. Bunker, Bruce C. TI Modeling the Electrochemical Impedance Spectra of Electroactive Pseudocapacitor Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHARGE STORAGE MECHANISM; RESISTIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERCALATION PARTICLES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RUO2 ELECTRODES; HYDROUS RUO2; AC RESPONSE; BEHAVIOR AB Measured electrochemical impedance spectra of porous electrodes comprised of redox-active ruthenium oxide and inert niobium hydroxide are compared with the results of structurally consistent mathematical models describing coupled processes of electron transport in the solid matrix, ion transport in the electrolyte, proton transport within the ruthenium oxide particles, and redox reaction on particle surfaces. Addition of moderate amounts of niobium to crystalline ruthenium oxide is found to improve the frequency response due to enhanced intraparticle proton transport. However, excessive niobium reduces ion and electron transport through the electrode thickness, reducing the available capacitance. Thus, an optimum composition is needed to achieve the best balance in transport properties. Near this optimum, the intraparticle proton transport undergoes a transition from a constant phase element (CPE) response for Ru-rich materials to a classical Warburg diffusion response for Nb-rich compositions. The CPE regime is analyzed in detail to identify fractal-like structures as well as alternative radial distributions of intraparticle proton diffusivity consistent with measured response. The models involving variations in radial diffusivity appear most probable and have nearly exponential decreases in radial diffusivity with distance from particle surfaces similar to a Debye distribution of charge carriers in an electric double layer. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3561427] C1 [Nilson, Robert H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brumbach, Michael T.; Bunker, Bruce C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nilson, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rhnilso@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP A678 EP A688 DI 10.1149/1.3561427 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700009 ER PT J AU Martinez-Rodriguez, MJ Fox, EB Rhodes, WD McWhorter, CS Greenway, S Colon-Mercado, HR AF Martinez-Rodriguez, Michael J. Fox, Elise B. Rhodes, William D. McWhorter, Christopher S. Greenway, Scott Colon-Mercado, Hector R. TI The Effect of Low Concentrations of Tetrachloroethylene on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA; CO; CONDUCTIVITY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MEMBRANES AB Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells use components that are susceptible to contaminants in the fuel stream. To ensure fuel quality, standards are being set to regulate the amount of impurities allowable in fuel. The present study investigates the effect of chlorinated impurities on fuel cell systems using tetrachloroethylene (PCE) as a model compound for cleaning and degreasing agents. Concentrations between 0.05 parts per million (ppm) and 30 ppm were studied. We show how PCE causes rapid drop in cell performances for all concentrations including 0.05 ppm. At concentrations of 1 and 0.05 ppm, PCE poisoned the cell at a rate dependent on the dosage of the contaminant delivered to the cell. PCE appears to affect the cell when the cell potential was over potentials higher than approximately 0.2 V. No effects were observed at voltages around or below 0.2 V and the cells could be recovered from previous poisoning performed at higher potentials. Recoveries at those low voltages could be induced by changing the operating voltage or by purging the system. Poisoning did not appear to affect the membrane conductivity. Measurements with long-path length IR results suggested catalytic decomposition of the PCE by hydrogen over the anode catalyst. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3563799] All rights reserved. C1 [Fox, Elise B.; Rhodes, William D.; McWhorter, Christopher S.; Colon-Mercado, Hector R.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Martinez-Rodriguez, Michael J.; Greenway, Scott] Greenway Energy LLC, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Martinez-Rodriguez, MJ (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Hector.Colon-Mercado@srnl.doe.gov RI Martinez Rodriguez, Michael/A-9559-2011; Fox, Elise/G-5438-2013 OI Martinez Rodriguez, Michael/0000-0002-1160-3101; Fox, Elise/0000-0002-4527-5820 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG36-07GO17011, DE-AC09-08SR22470]; SRNL [FY10] FX The support of this research by the U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen Program (Award No. DE-FG36-07GO17011) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also funded by SRNL FY10 Mini-Sabbatical. Savannah River National Laboratory is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions. This document was prepared in conjunction with work accomplished under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP B698 EP B702 DI 10.1149/1.3563799 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700038 ER PT J AU Olapade, PO Meyers, JP Borup, RL Mukundan, R AF Olapade, Peter O. Meyers, Jeremy P. Borup, Rodney L. Mukundan, Rangachary TI Parametric Study of the Morphological Proprieties of HT-PEMFC Components for Effective Membrane Hydration SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; ACID DOPED POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE; POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; WATER TRANSPORT; NONISOTHERMAL MODEL; TEMPERATURE; LAYER; CONDUCTIVITY AB A 1D non-isothermal model has been developed to study the optimum morphological properties of HT-PEMFC components that will help the catalyst layer retain water vapor generated by the electrochemical reaction and that delivered by the feed gases. The use of a microporous layer (MPL) helps retain water generated in the catalyst layer (CL), and the effectiveness of the MPL in retaining water vapor in the CL increases the MPL pore size and porosity are reduced. Reducing the GDL porosity is found to help retain more water in the CL but the pore sizes and porosity of the PEMFC components should not be too small, so as to avoid increased O(2) concentration overpotentials. The optimum values of MPL and GDL porosity depend on the operating conditions such as the cell voltage, operating pressure, and inlet relative humidity. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3569711] All rights reserved. C1 [Olapade, Peter O.; Meyers, Jeremy P.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Olapade, Peter O.; Borup, Rodney L.; Mukundan, Rangachary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olapade, PO (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM olapadepeter@mail.utexas.edu OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP B639 EP B649 DI 10.1149/1.3569711 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700031 ER PT J AU Seyeux, A Frankel, GS Missert, N Unocic, KA Klein, LH Galtayries, A Marcus, P AF Seyeux, A. Frankel, G. S. Missert, N. Unocic, K. A. Klein, L. H. Galtayries, A. Marcus, P. TI ToF-SIMS Imaging Study of the Early Stages of Corrosion in Al-Cu Thin Films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-ALLOY 2024-T3; LOCALIZED CORROSION; INTERMETALLIC PHASES; PITTING CORROSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; PARTICLES; COPPER; METROLOGY AB The pitting corrosion of Al-Cu thin film alloys was investigated using samples that were heat treated in air to form through-thickness Al(2)Cu particles within an Al-0.5% Cu matrix. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) analysis revealed Cu-rich regions 250-800 nm in lateral extent near the metal/oxide interface. Following exposure that generated pitting corrosion, secondary electron, secondary ion, and AFM images showed pits with size and density similar to those of the Cu-rich regions. The role of the Cu-rich regions is addressed. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3568944] All rights reserved. C1 [Seyeux, A.; Klein, L. H.; Galtayries, A.; Marcus, P.] Chim ParisTech, Lab Physicochim Surfaces, Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, ENSCP CNRS UMR 7045, F-75005 Paris, France. [Frankel, G. S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Missert, N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Unocic, K. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Seyeux, A (reprint author), Chim ParisTech, Lab Physicochim Surfaces, Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, ENSCP CNRS UMR 7045, F-75005 Paris, France. EM antoine-seyeux@chimie-paristech.fr; philippe-marcus@chimie-paristech.fr RI KLEIN, Lorena/H-2131-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-AC02-98CH1088]; GSF; University Pierre; Marie Curie FX Region Ile-de-France is acknowledged for partial support for the ToF-SIMS equipment. The authors thank R. G. Copeland and J. Rivera for the Al-Cu thin film deposition, and M. Rye for the thin film SEM characterization. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NM's research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH1088. Financial support of GSF by the University Pierre and Marie Curie during his stay at ENSCP in Paris as guest professor is gratefully acknowledged. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP C165 EP C171 DI 10.1149/1.3568944 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700046 ER PT J AU Marsden, KC Pesic, B AF Marsden, K. C. Pesic, B. TI Evaluation of the Electrochemical Behavior of CeCl3 in Molten LiCl-KCl Eutectic Utilizing Metallic Ce as an Anode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SQUARE-WAVE VOLTAMMETRY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; NUCLEATION; ELECTRODEPOSITION; CHLORIDES; URANIUM; DEPOSITION; EXCHANGE; HYDROGEN; CERIUM AB A study of the electrochemical behavior of CeCl3 in LiCl-KCl eutectic was performed in the temperature range 653-973K to ascertain if CeCl3 is a suitable surrogate for UCl3 in the development of nuclear fuel cycle technologies. Reduction of cerium occurs in a single 3-electron step that is quasi-reversible. The diffusion coefficient of Ce(III) was determined by linear sweep voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The standard potential of Ce(III)/Ce(0) was measured and used to calculate Gibbs free energy and the activity coefficient. The nucleation of cerium on a tungsten substrate was determined to be instantaneous with hemispherical nuclei whose growth is controlled by linear or hemispherical diffusion. The order of magnitude of the exchange current density was determined by the linear polarization method. The electrochemical characteristics of CeCl3 were compared with those of UCl3 in LiCl-KCl to evaluate the potential of cerium as a surrogate for uranium electrorefining development. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3575637] All rights reserved. C1 [Marsden, K. C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Div Fuel Cycle Sci & Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Pesic, B.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Marsden, KC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Div Fuel Cycle Sci & Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ken.marsden@inl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology, under DOE-NE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX The authors wish to thank Prabhat Tripathy for extensive discussion and review, Ben Cowan for assistance with experiment setup, Toni Gutknecht for cerium surface area experiments, and Steve Frank and Paula Hahn for ICP-MS analyses. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology, under DOE-NE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP F111 EP F120 DI 10.1149/1.3575637 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700076 ER PT S AU Resat, H Costa, MN Shankaran, H AF Resat, Haluk Costa, Michelle N. Shankaran, Harish BE Johnson, ML Brand, L TI SPATIAL ASPECTS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM SIMULATIONS SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, VOL 487: COMPUTER METHODS, PT C SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; KINETICS SIMULATIONS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; REACTION-DIFFUSION; MODEL; TIME; CELL; TRAFFICKING AB Mathematical models of the dynamical properties of biological systems aim to improve our understanding of the studied system with the ultimate goal of being able to predict system responses in the absence of experimentation. Despite the enormous advances that have been made in biological modeling and simulation, the inherently multiscale character of biological systems and the stochasticity of biological processes continue to present significant computational and conceptual challenges. Biological systems often consist of well-organized structural hierarchies, which inevitably lead to multiscale problems. This chapter introduces and discusses the advantages and shortcomings of several simulation methods that are being used by the scientific community to investigate the spatiotemporal properties of model biological systems. We first describe the foundations of the methods and then describe their relevance and possible application areas with illustrative examples from our own research. Possible ways to address the encountered computational difficulties are also discussed. C1 [Resat, Haluk; Costa, Michelle N.; Shankaran, Harish] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-12-381270-4 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2011 BP 485 EP 511 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(11)87017-5 PG 27 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BTC96 UT WOS:000286532000017 ER PT J AU Mayali, X Franks, PJS Burton, RS AF Mayali, Xavier Franks, Peter J. S. Burton, Ronald S. TI Temporal attachment dynamics by distinct bacterial taxa during a dinoflagellate bloom SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algal-bacterial interactions; Bloom dynamics; Parasitism; Phycosphere; Roseobacter; Bacteroidetes; Dinoflagellate ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PHYTOPLANKTON COLONIZATION; BACTERIVOROUS PROTOZOA; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MARINE-BACTERIA; CYST FORMATION; DIATOM BLOOM AB Limited quantitative information exists on the physical interaction between specific taxa of heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton in pelagic aquatic environments. Using catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH), we quantified bacterial attachment to the cells of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in 39 surface samples collected during a natural bloom in summer 2005 off the coast of La Jolla, California, USA. Using a ribosomal RNA based tunable array with Luminex (R) bead technology, we also quantified the relative abundances of 11 particle-associated bacterial taxa during this time, including 8 members of the Bacteroidetes division. Bacterial colonization of dinoflagellate cells was generally low (mean < 2 bacteria alga(-1)) but increased during the days preceding bloom decline events. This indicates that physical associations, and thus potentially physiological interactions among bacteria and dinoflagellates, changed over the course of the algal bloom cycle. The 11 detected bacterial taxa exhibited diverse patterns of colonization over time, suggesting that they mediated different types of interactions with the dinoflagellates. Some bacterial types were only detected during the early bloom phase, others peaked in abundance during peaks in algal numbers, and still others peaked following bloom decline events. Our data linking the temporal succession of different bacterial colonizers to algal bloom dynamics exemplify the idea that microscale, species-specific interactions between bacteria and protists can result in large-scale ecosystem level changes that can impact phytoplankton community structure in the coastal ocean. C1 [Mayali, Xavier] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franks, Peter J. S.; Burton, Ronald S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Mayali, X (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mayali1@llnl.gov RI Burton, Ron/F-7694-2010 FU Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System; NOAA/ECOHAB; NSF; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We are grateful to F. Malfatti for assistance in field sampling, F. Azam for advice and input to the manuscript, R. Mueller and F. Lauro for insightful discussions, and 3 anonymous reviewers for useful comments. We are indebted to J. McGowan and M. Carter for the chlorophyll data collected through the Scripps Pier Chlorophyll Program, which is funded through the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System. This work was funded by a NOAA/ECOHAB grant to P.J.S.F. and F. Azam and an NSF grant to R.S.B. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2011 VL 63 IS 2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.3354/ame01483 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 750WA UT WOS:000289577600002 ER PT S AU Stetson, NT Blair, LS AF Stetson, Ned T. Blair, Larry S. BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES - A TUTORIAL WITH PERSPECTIVES FROM THE US NATIONAL PROGRAM SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions AB While the demand for electrical power generated by clean, efficient hydrogen fuel cells is rapidly growing, one of the key technical issues that remains to be resolved is the storage of hydrogen, or hydrogen-bearing fuels, to be available to the fuel cell within the design and performance constraints of the total power system. Criteria such as hydrogen storage capacity, weight, volume, lifetime and cycle-life, and certainly cost, become important factors in determining the best storage system for a particular application. In this paper we review the various storage approaches that are currently under investigation and provide a brief materials science tutorial on the storage mechanism for each approach. Physical storage approaches store hydrogen as a compressed gas, a cryogenic liquid or as a cryo-compressed gas. Materials-based storage systems are based on storing hydrogen by adsorption, absorption or chemical bonding to various materials such as reversible or regenerable hydrides. Each of these storage systems will be discussed and the particular materials science challenges involved will be noted. At the present time no hydrogen storage approach meets all volume, weight and cost requirements for automotive fuel cell power systems across the full range of vehicle platforms. It is clear that materials science will play a key role in the ultimate solution of the hydrogen storage challenge. C1 [Stetson, Ned T.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Stetson, NT (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800001 ER PT S AU Coker, EN Ambrosini, A Rodriguez, MA Garino, TJ Miller, JE AF Coker, Eric N. Ambrosini, Andrea Rodriguez, Mark A. Garino, Terry J. Miller, James E. BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE FROM WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE THROUGH METAL OXIDE THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLES SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; SOLAR HEAT; ZRO2; SYSTEM; PHASE; FE AB Two-step thermochemical cycles using ferrite-based materials to split water and carbon dioxide are promising routes for the production of H-2 and CO (syngas). To aid in the design of highly efficient materials for H-2 and CO production, this work aims to identify the metal oxide phases present during thermochemical cycling and how they change as a function of temperature and gas composition. High-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was used to monitor the structure of iron oxides supported on YSZ (10 wt.-% Fe2O3 basis) and cobalt-substituted ferrites during thermochemical cycling. HT-XRD showed dynamic behavior as iron migrated into and out of YSZ at elevated temperatures, monitored by the lattice parameter of the YSZ. Iron oxides were seen to thermally reduce stepwise from Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 and finally FeO as the temperature increased from ambient to 1400 degrees C under He with a low background of O-2. Between 800 and 1100 degrees C no iron species were detected, indicating that all iron was in solid solution with YSZ. Similar cycles were performed with a cobalt-substituted ferrite which exhibited similar phase evolution. Exposure of FexCo1-xO to CO2 or air resulted in re-oxidation to Fe3xCo3-3xO4. Thermogravimetric analysis corroborated the reduction/oxidation behavior of the materials during thermal reduction and subsequent re-oxidation by H2O or CO2. A complimentary study on diffusion of iron oxide into YSZ revealed a steep increase in diffusion rate once temperatures exceeded 1475 degrees C. Fusion and vaporization of iron species at these high temperatures occurs. C1 [Coker, Eric N.; Ambrosini, Andrea; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Garino, Terry J.; Miller, James E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Coker, EN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 37 EP 49 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800004 ER PT S AU NaraseGowda, S Gold, SA Ilavsky, J Dobbins, TA AF NaraseGowda, Shathabish Gold, Scott A. Ilavsky, Jan Dobbins, Tabbetha A. BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI ULTRASMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING (USAXS) STUDIES OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN NaAlH4 SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; LIBH4; KINETICS; REVERSIBILITY; CONFINEMENT; DESORPTION; NANOTUBES; HYDRIDES AB The ultra-small Angle X-Ray Scattering (USAXS) technique has been explored to study morphological changes that occur in the hydrides during various stages of hydrogen release. The power law scattering data from USAXS measurements yield the power law slope (p) which is used as a definitive parameter to study changes in surface fractal dimensions (Ds). Changes in surface area occur due to densification during desorption at elevated temperatures and the rate of those changes are mitigated by the addition of transition metal dopants. For the present study, NaAlH4, was doped with 4 mol% TiCl3 by high energy ball milling and subjected to USAXS measurements to determine the effect of the catalyst. USAXS measurements were also done on NaAlH4 nano-confined within porous alumina membranes. Results showed that the power law slope from USAXS analysis increased from p=-3.6 to p=-3.46 after high energy ball milling; to p=-3.26 after catalyst addition and to p=-3 after heat treatment, indicating an increase in specific surface area accompanying hydrogen release. The particle sizes before and after heat treatment were also evaluated to quantify the extent of densification occurring due to heat treatment. The radius of gyration (R-g) for unmilled NaAlH4 increased from 9.7nm to 26.4nm and a 5 min milled NaAlH4 particle size increased from R-g=6nm to R-g=14.5nm. USAXS on nanostructured NaAlH4 yielded power law slopes of p=-1.41 (rod shaped particles) and p -2.7 (disc shaped particles) which proved USAXS to be an effective tool to identify the confined particles in porous matrices by virtue of shape. C1 [Dobbins, Tabbetha A.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [NaraseGowda, Shathabish; Gold, Scott A.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dobbins, TA (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Dobbins, Tabbetha/0000-0002-2427-3746 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER46246]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0847464]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH 11357] FX Funding for this project was provided by US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract no. DE-FG02-05ER46246 (AY 2008-09) and National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award, Division of Materials Research, Ceramics Program under contract no. DMR-0847464 (AY 2009-10). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no.DE-AC02-06CH 11357. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 51 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800005 ER PT S AU Asmar, K Singhal, R Katiyar, RK Katiyar, RS Sakla, A Manivannan, A AF Asmar, Karina Singhal, Rahul Katiyar, Rajesh K. Katiyar, Ram S. Sakla, Andrea Manivannan, A. BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI IN-SITU IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF LIMN1.5NI0.4CR0.1O4 CATHODE MATERIAL SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions ID ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; LITHIUM; CO; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODE; OXIDES AB LiMn1.5Ni0.4Cr0.1O4 cathode material has been synthesized using sol-gel method for possible application in high energy density Li ion rechargeable batteries. The half cells were tested using cyclic voltammetry and charge discharge cycling. Doping with 5% Cr seems to improve operating voltage (4.88V) and cell stability compared to un-doped material (4.7V). In-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements were performed before and after each charge and discharge cycle, respectively. After several cycles the diffusional impedance for lithium at the cathode electrolyte interface was found to be high compared to the electron transfer impedance that followed a slight decrease in discharge capacity. C1 [Asmar, Karina; Singhal, Rahul; Katiyar, Rajesh K.; Katiyar, Ram S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Sakla, Andrea; Manivannan, A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Asmar, K (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. FU NASA [NNX08AB12A, NNX08BA48A] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the research grants (NNX08AB12A) and NASA-URC (NNX08BA48A) received from NASA. The XRD measurements were carried out utilizing UPR Materials Characterization Center (MCC) facilities. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 129 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800013 ER PT S AU Ebert, WL Cunnane, JC Frank, SM Williamson, MJ AF Ebert, W. L. Cunnane, J. C. Frank, S. M. Williamson, M. J. BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI IMMOBILIZATION OF Tc IN A METALLIC WASTE FORM SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions AB A multi-phase iron-based metallic waste form is being developed to immobilize the metallic and Tc-bearing waste streams that are generated during the reprocessing of used nuclear fuels with either aqueous or electrochemical methods. A metallic waste form provides for the efficient processing and immobilization of metallic wastes and other components that can be readily reduced to metals prior to or during immobilization. These waste streams can be processed with added iron (or stainless steels) at about 1600 degrees C to incorporate transition metal fission products and other waste components into durable iron solid solution and intermetallic phases. Work is in progress to (1) formulate and produce an alloy composition to immobilize the anticipated range of waste compositions within a small number of phases, (2) identify processing conditions for producing waste forms with high waste loadings and consistent chemical, physical, and radiological properties, and (3) develop a mechanistically-based corrosion and radionuclide release model for calculating long-term waste form performance under the range of possible disposal conditions. The experimental and modeling approaches are presented with some representative results. C1 [Ebert, W. L.; Cunnane, J. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ebert, WL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Frank, Steven/B-9046-2017 OI Frank, Steven/0000-0001-8259-6722 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 291 EP 304 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800029 ER PT S AU Garino, TJ Nenoff, TM Krumhansl, JL Rademacher, D AF Garino, Terry J. Nenoff, Tina M. Krumhansl, James L. Rademacher, David BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI DEVELOPMENT OF IODINE WASTE FORMS USING LOW-TEMPERATURE SINTERING GLASS SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions ID SYSTEM AB Radioactive iodine, I-129, a component of spent nuclear fuel, is of particular concern due to its extremely long half-life, its potential mobility in the environment and its effects on human health. In the spent fuel reprocessing scheme under consideration, the I-129 is released in gaseous form and collected using Ag-loaded zeolites such as Ag-mordenite. The I-129 can react with the Ag to form insoluble AgI. We have investigated the use of low temperature-sintering glass powders mixed with either AgI or AgI-zeolite to produce dense waste forms that can be processed at 500 degrees C, where AgI volatility is low. These mixtures can contain up to 20 wt% crushed AgI-mordenite or up to 50 wt% AgI. Both types of waste forms were found to have the high iodine leach resistance in these initial studies. C1 [Garino, Terry J.; Nenoff, Tina M.; Krumhansl, James L.; Rademacher, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garino, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800030 ER PT S AU Cheah, S Czernik, S Baldwin, RM Magrini-Bair, KA Hensley, JE AF Cheah, Singfoong Czernik, Stefan Baldwin, Robert M. Magrini-Bair, Kimberly A. Hensley, Jesse E. BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI CATALYSTS AND SORBENTS FOR THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO RENEWABLE BIOFUELS-MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESULFURIZATION; CESIUM-DOPED CU/ZNO; ZINC-OXIDE SOLIDS; OXYGENATE SYNTHESIS; FAST PYROLYSIS; HIGHER ALCOHOL; NI CATALYSTS; GASIFICATION PROCESSES; GAS DESULFURIZATION; REACTION PATHWAYS AB Rising world demands for oil and a finite petroleum reserve have renewed interest in alternate liquid fuel sources that are diverse, secure, and affordable. Biomass is a renewable source of carbon that is abundant in many regions of the world. A focal point in alternative fuel research is the production of biofuels derived from lignocellulosic material and especially biofuels made with waste biomass or feedstocks grown on marginal land. Several different routes of thermochemical biomass conversion, including production of bio-oil through pyrolysis with subsequent bio-oil upgrading and production of syngas through gasification with subsequent gas to liquid fuel synthesis will be discussed. The material development needs in each stage will be identified. C1 [Cheah, Singfoong; Czernik, Stefan; Baldwin, Robert M.; Magrini-Bair, Kimberly A.; Hensley, Jesse E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cheah, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3322, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Singfoong.cheah@nrel.gov NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 349 EP 362 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800034 ER PT S AU Hemrick, JG Keiser, JR Peascoe-Meisner, RA AF Hemrick, James G. Keiser, James R. Peascoe-Meisner, Roberta A. BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS FOR SELECTION OF REFRACTORIES USED IN BLACK LIQUOR GASIFICATION SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions AB Black liquor gasification provides the pulp and paper industry with a technology which could potentially replace recovery boilers with equipment that could reduce emissions and, if used in a combined cycle system, increase the power production of the mill allowing it to be a net exporter of electrical power. In addition, rather than burning the syngas produced in a gasifier, this syngas could be used to produce higher value chemicals or fuels. However, problems with structural materials such as the refractory lining of the reactor vessel have caused unplanned shutdowns and resulted in component replacement much sooner than originally planned. Through examination of exposed materials, laboratory corrosion tests and cooperative efforts with refractory manufacturers, many refractory materials issues in high-temperature black liquor gasification have been addressed and optimized materials have been selected for this application. In this paper, an updated summary of the characterization and analysis techniques used for refractory screening and selection will be discussed along with characteristic results from these methods which have led to the selection of optimized materials for both the hot-face and back-up linings used in this application. C1 [Hemrick, James G.; Keiser, James R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hemrick, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 363 EP 376 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800035 ER PT S AU Powell, C Bennett, J Morreale, B Gardner, T AF Powell, Cynthia Bennett, James Morreale, Bryan Gardner, Todd BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI ADDRESSING THE MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN CONVERTING BIOMASS TO ENERGY SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions AB Converting biomass to energy offers an intriguing opportunity to reduce CO(2) levels in the atmosphere, while simultaneously producing a value-added product in the form of electricity and liquid fuels. Utilized in combination with coal as the feedstock for gasification technology, biomass provides a carbon-neutral source of renewable energy, without concerns for seasonal variations in feedstock availability. Utilized alone, biomass crops such as algae can be converted to fuels while simultaneously capturing CO(2) emitted from point sources such as power plants. However, the utilization of biomass-based feedstocks frequently results in an increase in the severity of the process environment, requiring the discovery and development of improved performance materials in order to make such processes economically viable. This paper provides an overview of on-going research at the National Energy Technology Laboratory that addresses the materials challenges in converting biomass and coal-biomass mixtures to electricity and transportation fuels. Reviewed are materials issues in gasification refractory development, biomass contaminant effects on Fischer-Tropsch fuel production technology, the efficient treatment of Fischer-Tropsch off-gases and transportation fuels derived from algae. C1 [Powell, Cynthia; Morreale, Bryan] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Powell, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 377 EP 385 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800036 ER PT S AU Sugama, T Butcher, T Ecker, L AF Sugama, Toshifumi Butcher, Thomas Ecker, Lynne BE Wicks, G Simon, J Zidan, R LaraCurzio, E Adams, T Zayas, J Karkamkar, A Sindelar, R GarciaDiaz, B TI EXPERIENCE WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS SO MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy Conference CY FEB 21-24, 2010 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Metal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Savannah River Natl Lab, Solar Solutions ID CALCIUM ALUMINATE CEMENTS; POLY(PHENYLENESULFIDE) COATINGS; HYDROTHERMAL TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHATE CEMENTS; CARBON-STEEL; CORROSION; ACID; ENVIRONMENTS; RESISTANT; INTERFACES AB For nearly the past 2 decades, the emphasis of the geothermal material programs at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has been directed toward resolving the material-related problems confronting the geothermal-drilling and -power plant industries in conventional natural hydrothermal systems. In the field of drilling technology, BNL developed high-temperature, highly chemical-resistant well cementing materials that withstood hydrothermal environments containing CO(2) and H(2)S (pH similar to 2.0) at temperatures up to 300 degrees C. As a result, this material offered a significant lifetime extension of well-casing cement and substantially reduced the cost of well maintenance. Recently, work was devoted to designing cost-effective, inorganic polymer-based, cementitious materials by using recycled industrial byproducts, such as fly ash and slag. A new type of material called "Geopolymer," possessing advanced properties such as outstanding resistance to acid and readily-controllable setting behavior at high temperature was developed. This information motivated us to evaluate and validate its potential as a sealing material in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). In the field of energy conversion, our focus centered on developing advanced coating materials, which provide upgraded corrosion-, erosion-, and fouling-prevention performance for carbon steel- and aluminum power plant components. These components include wellhead, heat exchangers, and condensers in very harsh geothermal environments. As a result, several coating systems were developed. Among these were highly thermally conductive, self-healing, multifunctional coatings for wellheads and heat exchangers at hydrothermal temperatures up to 250 degrees C and self-assembling nanocomposite coatings for air-cooled condensers. C1 [Sugama, Toshifumi; Butcher, Thomas; Ecker, Lynne] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-1180-1605-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2011 VL 224 BP 389 EP 401 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BUJ20 UT WOS:000289496800037 ER PT J AU Engle, NL Johns, OR Lemos, MC Nelson, DR AF Engle, Nathan L. Johns, Owen R. Lemos, Maria Carmen Nelson, Donald R. TI Integrated and Adaptive Management of Water Resources: Tensions, Legacies, and the Next Best Thing SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive capacity; adaptive management; institutional inertia; integrated water resources management; resilience; trade-offs; water governance ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; RIVER-BASIN MANAGEMENT; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; GOVERNANCE; RESILIENCE; FRAMEWORK; COMANAGEMENT; PERSPECTIVE; ROBUSTNESS; POLITICS AB Integrated water resources management (IWRM) and adaptive management (AM) are two institutional and management paradigms designed to address shortcomings within water systems governance; the limits of hierarchical water institutional arrangements in the case of IWRM and the challenge of making water management decisions under uncertainty in the case of AM. Recently, there has been a trend to merge these paradigms to address the growing complexity of stressors shaping water management such as globalization and climate change. However, because many of these joint approaches have received little empirical attention, questions remain about how they might work, or not, in practice. Here, we explore a few of these issues using empirical research carried out in Brazil. We focus on highlighting the potentially negative interactions, tensions, and trade-offs between different institutions/mechanisms perceived as desirable as research and practice attempt to make water systems management simultaneously integrated and adaptive. Our examples pertain mainly to the use of techno-scientific knowledge in water management and governance in Brazil's IWRM model and how it relates to participation, democracy, deliberation, diversity, and adaptability. We show that a legacy of technical and hierarchical management has shaped the integration of management, and subsequently, the degree to which management might also be adaptive. Although integrated systems may be more legitimate and accountable than top-down command and control ones, the mechanisms of IWRM may be at odds with the flexible, experimental, and self-organizing nature of AM. C1 [Engle, Nathan L.; Johns, Owen R.; Lemos, Maria Carmen] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Engle, Nathan L.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nelson, Donald R.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Engle, NL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU University of Michigan FX The authors would like to thank Andrew Bell for his insight on earlier versions of this manuscript, Paul Runci for reviewing the article, and two anonymous reviewers for excellent comments that helped greatly to improve this publication. This article was made available as Open Access with the support of the University of Michigan COPE Fund, http://lib.umich.edu/cope. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 40 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 AR 19 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744FV UT WOS:000289081200040 ER PT J AU Koenig, GM Belharouak, I Wu, HM Amine, K AF Koenig, Gary M., Jr. Belharouak, Ilias Wu, Huiming M. Amine, Khalil TI Hollow lithiated metal oxide particles as lithium-ion battery cathode materials SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Li-1.2(Mn0.5Ni0.4Co0.1)O2+y; Li2MnO3; Co-precipitation; Multicomponent composites; Lithium-ion electrodes ID NICKEL MANGANESE OXIDES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SECONDARY BATTERIES; ANOMALOUS CAPACITY; ELECTRODES; COPRECIPITATION; PERFORMANCE; CELLS; MN AB We report the synthesis and characterization of the hollow micrometer-sized (Mn(0.5)Nio(4)Co(0.1))CO3 precursor, and one of its promising lithium-enriched phases. The chemical composition of the resulting lithiated final material was Li-1.2(Mn0.5Ni0.4Co0.1)O2+y. Lithium half cells with cathodes comprised of these hollow particles as the active intercalation material showed a reversible capacity of 183 mAh/g when cycled between 2.0V and 4.6V. X-ray diffraction patterns and the electrochemical data of Li-1.2(Mn0.5Ni0.4Co0.1)O2+y were consistent with the existence of the Li2MnO3-type integrated component that was activated during the initial charging of the cells. The results presented herein demonstrate a method to synthesize multicomponent, multiphase materials with hollow internal morphologies that can reversibly and stably be cycled with high gravimetric capacities as the active cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Koenig, Gary M., Jr.; Belharouak, Ilias; Wu, Huiming M.; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Belharouak, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM belharouak@anl.gov RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 FU U.S. Department of Energy; FreedomCAR; Vehicle Technologies Office; UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-ACOZ-06CH11357] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR, and Vehicle Technologies Office. We acknowledge Nancy L Dietz Rago for SEM and EDXS analysis. Some electron microscopy was accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-ACOZ-06CH11357. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1426 EP 1431 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.066 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 746EL UT WOS:000289225400058 ER PT J AU Docherty, H Dyer, PJ Cummings, PT AF Docherty, Hugh Dyer, Peter J. Cummings, Peter T. TI The importance of polarisability in the modelling of solubility: quantifying the effect of charged co-solutes on the solubility of small non-polar solutes SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE polarisability; solubility; salting-out; hydrophobic hydration; molecular dynamics ID SALT-SOLUTIONS; PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WOLF METHOD; WATER; METHANE; TEMPERATURE; HYDRATION; SYSTEMS AB In a recent work (Dyer et al., J. Chem. Phys. 129 (2008), 024508), we demonstrated that by accounting for the polarisability of small non-polar solutes, in an explicit manner, it is possible to approach quantitative agreement with experimental values of the excess chemical potential of the molecules in pure water. Here, we continue this line of research by considering the effects of ionic co-solutes (i.e. salts) on the solubility of an explicitly polarisable model suitable for a variety of small non-polar solutes. In doing so, we calculate the excess chemical potential that is related to the solubility of the solute in the solution, and investigate how the solubility of hydrophobic solutes varies with ion concentration, i.e. salting-out/salting-in effects, as measured by the Setchenow parameter. In particular, we consider the solubility of Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and CH(4) in aqueous NaCl solutions for the TIP3P, TIP4P-Ew and TIP4P/2005 models of water. Using these models, we discover that the addition of explicit polarisability to the solute models decreases the excess chemical potential, but fails to obtain quantitative agreement with experimental values. In addition, we determine that explicit polarisation has minimal effect on the Setchenow parameter and, in turn, minimal effect on salting-out. Instead, we show that the over-prediction of the excess chemical potential is due to an inaccurate ion-solute interaction potential. Further to this, we demonstrate that, by accounting for polarisability explicitly, it is possible to obtain pair interaction potentials from ab initio calculations that perform as well as, or better than the models commonly used to study these systems. C1 [Docherty, Hugh; Dyer, Peter J.; Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cummings, Peter T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cummings, PT (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM peter.cummings@vanderbilt.edu RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office Of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER15385]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0626259]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ERKCC61] FX This research was supported as follows: P.J.D. was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office Of Science, US Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15385; H. D. was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. CHE-0626259. PTC was supported in part by the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number ERKCC61. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1080/08927022.2011.553225 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 741VK UT WOS:000288893400008 ER PT J AU Kadel, K Kumari, L Li, WZ Huang, JY Provencio, PP AF Kadel, K. Kumari, Latha Li, W. Z. Huang, Jian Yu Provencio, Paula P. TI Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Se3 Nanostructures SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BISMUTH SELENIDE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; ROUTE; MERIT; SEMICONDUCTORS; TELLURIDE; NANORODS; FIGURE AB Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) nanostructures were synthesized via solvothermal method. The crystallinity of the as-synthesized sample has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, which shows the formation of rhombohedral Bi2Se3. Electron microscopy examination indicates that the Bi2Se3 nanoparticles have hexagonal flake-like shape. The effect of the synthesis temperature on the morphology of the Bi2Se3 nanostructures has also been investigated. It is found that the particle size increases with the synthesis temperature. Thermoelectric properties of the Bi2Se3 nanostructures were also measured, and the maximum value of dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) of 0.096 was obtained at 523 K. C1 [Kadel, K.; Kumari, Latha; Li, W. Z.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Huang, Jian Yu; Provencio, Paula P.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, WZ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM Wenzhi.Li@fiu.edu RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Li, Wenzhi/J-6797-2016; OI Li, Wenzhi/0000-0001-8442-2232; Kumari, Latha/0000-0001-8820-6043 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0548061]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank Dr. Wei Chen for the XRD measurements. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-0548061. The material sintering and thermoelectric measurement were done at Boston College. TEM work was performed at the user facility at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 9 U2 99 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7573 J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PY 2011 VL 6 AR 57 DI 10.1007/s11671-010-9795-7 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 744OP UT WOS:000289104200057 PM 27502679 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Schmitt, NC Case, ME AF Mincher, Bruce J. Schmitt, Nicholas C. Case, Mary E. TI A TRUEX-Based Separation of Americium from the Lanthanides SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Actinide extraction; americium; americium oxidation; sodium bismuthate; TRUEX ID NITRIC-ACID; EXTRACTION; ELEMENTS; CYME4-BTBP; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; SOLVENT AB The inextractability of the actinide AnO(2)(+) ions by the TRUEX solvent suggests the possibility of a separation of americium from the lanthanides using oxidation to Am(V). The only current method for the direct oxidation of americium to Am(V) in strongly acidic media is with sodium bismuthate. We prepared Am(V) over a wide range of nitric acid concentrations and investigated its solvent-extraction behavior for comparison to europium. While a separation is achievable in principal, the presence of macro amounts of cerium competes for the sparingly soluble oxidant and the oxidant itself competes for CMPO complexation. These factors conspire to reduce the Eu/Am separation factor from 40 using tracer solutions to 5 for extractions from the first-cycle raffinate simulant solution. To separate pentavalent americium directly from the lanthanides using the TRUEX process, an alternative oxidizing agent may be necessary. C1 [Mincher, Bruce J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Schmitt, Nicholas C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Chem & Radiat Measurements Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Case, Mary E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 FU U.S. Department of Energy through DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX The work reported in this article was performed for the Fuel Cycle R&D sigma team funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through DOE Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP 247 EP 259 AR PII 935709572 DI 10.1080/07366299.2011.539146 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 746LU UT WOS:000289249100006 ER PT J AU Aston, JE Apel, WA Lee, BD Peyton, BM AF Aston, John E. Apel, William A. Lee, Brady D. Peyton, Brent M. TI Growth effects and assimilation of organic acids in chemostat and batch cultures of Acidithiobacillus caldus SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acidithiobacillus; Biomining; Chemostat; Organics ID DIGESTED SEWAGE-SLUDGE; THIOBACILLUS-CALDUS; HEAVY-METALS; THERMOPHILIC ACIDOPHILE; INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES; FERROOXIDANS; MICROORGANISMS; THIOOXIDANS; CHALCOPYRITE; OXIDATION AB The ability of Acidithiobacillus caldus to grow aerobically using pyruvate, acetate, citrate, 2-ketoglutarate, succinate, and malate as either an electron donor and carbon source (heterotrophic growth), or as a carbon source when potassium tetrathionate was added as an electron donor (mixotrophic growth), was tested in chemostat cultures. Under both heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, organic acids were added to a sub-lethal concentration (50 mu M). Under mixotrophic conditions, potassium tetrathionate was added to an excess concentration (10 mM). No cell growth was observed under heterotrophic conditions; however, effluent cell concentrations increased over threefold when pyruvate was coupled with potassium tetrathionate. Under these conditions, the effluent pyruvate concentration was reduced to below the detection limit (2 mu M), and oxygen consumption increased by approximately 100%. Although pyruvate provided a carbon source in these experiments, ambient carbon dioxide was also available to the cells. To test whether At. caldus could grow mixotrophically using pyruvate as a sole carbon source and potassium tetrathionate as an electron donor, cells were batch cultured in a medium free of dissolved inorganic carbon, and with no carbon dioxide in the headspace. These experiments showed that At. caldus was able to convert between 65 +/- A 8 and 82 +/- A 15% of the pyruvate carbon to cellular biomass, depending on the initial pyruvate concentrations. This work is the first to identify a defined organic-carbon source, other than glucose, that At. caldus can assimilate. This has important implications, as mixotrophic and heterotrophic activity has been shown to increase mineral leaching in acidic systems. C1 [Aston, John E.; Peyton, Brent M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Apel, William A.; Lee, Brady D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Biol Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 306 Cobleigh Hall,POB 173920, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM Bpeyton@coe.montana.edu RI Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 FU Idaho National Laboratory under Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; Montana Experimental Program; National Science Foundation [DGE-0654336]; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering at Montana State University FX This work was supported in part through the Idaho National Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. The authors also thank the Montana Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research and the National Science Foundation Integrated Graduate Education Research Training program for financial support (grant # DGE-0654336), as well as the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering at Montana State University. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s11274-010-0441-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 744NS UT WOS:000289101900019 ER PT J AU Kim, J Tchelepi, HA Juanes, R AF Kim, J. Tchelepi, H. A. Juanes, R. TI Stability and convergence of sequential methods for coupled flow and geomechanics: Fixed-stress and fixed-strain splits SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Poromechanics; Geomechanics; Operator splitting; Von Neumann method; B-stability; Convergence ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; CAM CLAY PLASTICITY; IMPLICIT INTEGRATION; RESERVOIR SIMULATION; 3-PHASE FLOW; FLUID-FLOW; CONSOLIDATION; POROELASTICITY; FORMULATION; SUBSIDENCE AB We analyze stability and convergence of sequential implicit methods for coupled flow and geomechanics, in which the flow problem is solved first. We employ the von Neumann and energy methods for linear and nonlinear problems, respectively. We consider two sequential methods with the generalized midpoint rule for t(n+alpha), where alpha is the parameter of time discretization: namely, the fixed-strain and fixed-stress splits. The von Neumann method indicates that the fixed-strain split is only conditionally stable. and that its stability limit is a coupling strength less than unity if alpha >= 0.5. On the other hand, the fixed-stress split is unconditionally stable when alpha >= 0.5, the amplification factors of the fixed-stress split are different from those of the undrained split and are identical to the fully coupled method. Unconditional stability of the fixed-stress split is also obtained from the energy method for poroelastoplasticity. We show that the fixed-stress split is contractive and B-stable when alpha >= 0.5. We also estimate the convergence behaviors for the two sequential methods by the matrix based and spectral analyses for the backward Euler method in time. From the estimates, the fixed-strain split may not be convergent with a fixed number of iterations particularly around the stability limit even though it is stable. The fixed-stress split, however, is convergent for a fixed number of iterations, showing better accuracy than the undrained split. Even when we cannot obtain the exact local bulk modulus (or exact rock compressibility) at the flow step a priori due to complex boundary conditions or the nonlinearity of the materials, the fixed-stress split can still provide stability and convergence by an appropriate estimation of the local bulk modulus, such as the dimension-based estimation, by which the employed local bulk modulus is less stiff than the exact local bulk modulus. We provide numerical examples supporting all the estimates of stability and convergence for the fixed-strain and fixed-stress splits. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, J.; Tchelepi, H. A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Juanes, R.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Kim, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Green Earth Sci Bldg,367 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM JihoonKim@lbl.gov; tchelepi@stanford.edu; juanes@mit.edu RI Juanes, Ruben/F-8004-2011; Tchelepi, Hamdi/F-4500-2012 FU Stanford University Petroleum Research Institute for Reservoir Simulation-SUPRI-B; Computer Modeling Group Foundation; ARCO Chair in Energy Studies FX Funding for this research was provided by the industrial affiliates of the Stanford University Petroleum Research Institute for Reservoir Simulation-SUPRI-B-and the Computer Modeling Group Foundation (to J.K. and H.A.T.), and by Eni S.p.A. and the ARCO Chair in Energy Studies (to R.J.). This financial support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 57 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2011 VL 200 IS 13-16 BP 1591 EP 1606 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2010.12.022 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 741SN UT WOS:000288884900020 ER PT J AU Weir, ST Cynn, H Falabella, S Evans, WJ Aracne-Ruddle, C Farber, D Vohra, YK AF Weir, S. T. Cynn, H. Falabella, S. Evans, W. J. Aracne-Ruddle, C. Farber, D. Vohra, Y. K. TI Plasma etching of cavities into diamond anvils for experiments at high pressures and high temperatures SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Meeting of the European-High-Pressure-Res-Group (EHPRG) CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE plasma etching; high temperature; laser heating; lithography; designer anvils ID LASER-HEATING SYSTEM; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB We describe a method for precisely etching small cavities into the culets of diamond anvils for the purpose of providing thermal insulation for samples in experiments at high pressures and high temperatures. The cavities were fabricated using highly directional oxygen plasma to reactively etch into the diamond surface. The lateral extent of the etch was precisely controlled to micron accuracy by etching the diamond through a lithographically fabricated tungsten mask. The performance of the etched cavities in high-temperature experiments in which the samples were either laser heated or electrically heated is discussed. C1 [Weir, S. T.; Cynn, H.; Falabella, S.; Evans, W. J.; Aracne-Ruddle, C.; Farber, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Vohra, Y. K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Weir, ST (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM weir3@llnl.gov RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Science Foundation Earth Sciences [EAR-0622171]; Department of Energy - Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank I. Kantor and V. B. Prakapenka for their assistance with the laser-heating experiments at GSECARS, and thank P. K. Dera for use of the X-ray diffraction software package developed by him. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Portions of this work were performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation Earth Sciences (EAR-0622171) and Department of Energy - Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 EI 1477-2299 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 AR PII 934314964 DI 10.1080/08957959.2011.557073 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738RT UT WOS:000288660500038 ER PT J AU Dong, C Sun, SY Taylor, GA AF Dong, Chen Sun, Shuyu Taylor, Glenn A. TI NUMERICAL MODELING OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA USING MIXED FINITE-ELEMENT AND FINITE-VOLUME METHODS SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE mixed finite-element method; finite-volume method; adaptive triangle mesh; fractured porous medium; flow transportation; simulation ID FLUID-FLOW; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; GALERKIN; RESERVOIRS; SIMULATION; SEEPAGE; ROCK AB A mathematical model for contaminant species passing through fractured porous media is presented. In the numerical model, we combine two locally conservative methods; i.e., the mixed finite-element (MFE) method and the finite-volume method. Adaptive triangle mesh is used for effective treatment of the fractures. A hybrid MFE method is employed to provide an accurate approximation of velocity fields for both the fractures and matrix, which are crucial to the convection part of the transport equation. The finite-volume method and the standard MFE method are used to approximate the convection and dispersion terms, respectively. The temporary evolution for the pressure distributions, streamline fields, and concentration profiles are obtained for six different arrangements of fractures. The results clearly show the distorted concentration effects caused by the ordered and disordered (random) patterns of the fractures and illustrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed numerical model. C1 [Dong, Chen; Sun, Shuyu] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Taylor, Glenn A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Sun, Shuyu] KAUST, Div Phys Sci & Engn PSE, CTPL, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. RP Sun, SY (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM shuyu.sun@kaust.edu.sa RI Sun, Shuyu/G-9910-2013 OI Sun, Shuyu/0000-0002-3078-864X FU Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) FX This work has been supported by a research grant through the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). The authors would also like to thank Dr. Richard A. Dimenna at SRNL for his insightful discussion and constructive suggestions. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1091-028X J9 J POROUS MEDIA JI J. Porous Media PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 219 EP 242 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 743WA UT WOS:000289048300003 ER PT J AU Hudak, NS Amatucci, GG AF Hudak, Nicholas S. Amatucci, Glenn G. TI Energy Harvesting and Storage with Lithium-Ion Thermogalvanic Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; DIFFUSION; V2O5-P2O5; ENTROPY; LIXTIS2; SYSTEMS AB Thermogalvanic cells (electrochemical cells under a temperature gradient) are presented as multifunctional power sources, having capabilities for both energy harvesting and energy storage. A symmetric thermogalvanic cell with lithium-ion electrodes has the ability to be charged under a temperature gradient and then discharged when the temperature gradient is removed. Presented here is the first demonstration of a cycled thermogalvanic energy storage cell. Experimental results for dE/dT (the cell voltage produced per degree temperature difference) are given for symmetric thermogalvanic cells with single-phase Li(x)TiS(2) or amorphous Li(x)V(2)O(5) electrodes and alkyl carbonate electrolyte solutions. All cells exhibit dE/dT on the order of 1 mV/K. The thermoelectric Seebeck coefficient of the electrode materials and extent of lithium intercalation (x) have slight or negligible effects on thermogalvanic dE/dT. There are slight dependences of dE/dT on the electrolyte anion (PF(6)(-) vs BF(4)(-)) and electrolyte concentration, and there is no dependence on the electrolyte solvent (EC:DMC vs PC). (C)2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3568820] All rights reserved. C1 [Hudak, Nicholas S.; Amatucci, Glenn G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Energy Storage Res Grp, N Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. RP Hudak, NS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM nhudak@sandia.gov RI Hudak, Nicholas/D-3529-2011 FU IC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the IC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 5 BP A572 EP A579 DI 10.1149/1.3568820 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 741ML UT WOS:000288867700020 ER PT J AU Olapade, PO Meyers, JP Mukundan, R Davey, JR Borup, RL AF Olapade, Peter O. Meyers, Jeremy P. Mukundan, Rangachary Davey, John R. Borup, Rodney L. TI Modeling the Dynamic Behavior of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; WATER TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION-MEDIA; CAPILLARY BEHAVIOR; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSIENTS; 2-PHASE; PEMFC; WETTABILITY; PERFORMANCE AB A two-phase transient model has been developed which predicts the dynamic response of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) to transients in operating power. The model uses experimentally measured Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) capillary pressure to predict the fuel cell response to changing water production rates. Permanent hysteresis observed in experimentally measured capillary pressure of GDL is examined and found to have minimal effects on the modeling results. The model also provides explanations for the difference in time constants between membrane hydration and dehydration observed in the high frequency resistance (HFR) experiments. When there is liquid water at the cathode catalyst layer, the time it takes the water content in the membrane to reach steady state is closely tied to that of liquid water saturation in the cathode catalyst layer, as the vapor is already saturated. The water content in the membrane does not reach steady state as long as the liquid water flow in the cathode catalyst layer is not at steady state. The effects of membrane thickness on membrane hydration and dehydration time constants are investigated for Nafion 112, 115, and 117. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3559491] All rights reserved. C1 [Olapade, Peter O.; Meyers, Jeremy P.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Olapade, Peter O.; Mukundan, Rangachary; Davey, John R.; Borup, Rodney L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olapade, PO (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM olapadepeter@mail.utexas.edu OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 5 BP B536 EP B549 DI 10.1149/1.3559491 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 741ML UT WOS:000288867700038 ER PT J AU Ackerman, DM Evans, JW AF Ackerman, David M. Evans, J. W. TI BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BURTON-CABRERA-FRANK TYPE STEP-FLOW MODELS: COARSE-GRAINING OF DISCRETE 2D DEPOSITION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE step-flow; epitaxial growth; vicinal surfaces; terrace and edge diffusion; deposition-diffusion equations; attachment barrier; Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier; kinetic coefficients ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; KINETIC-MODEL; VICINAL SURFACES; GROWTH; SI(001); EQUILIBRATION; STIFFNESS; ISLANDS AB We analyze discrete two-dimensional (2D) deposition-diffusion equations for the density of adatoms deposited at a periodic array of adsorption sites on a vicinal crystalline surface with kinked steps. Our analysis provides insight into the appropriate boundary conditions (BC) at steps for a coarse-grained Burton-Cabrera-Frank (BCF) type treatment involving continuum 2D deposition-diffusion equations. Such a BCF type treatment should describe step flow on vicinal surfaces under nonequilibrium growth conditions. We focus on cases where there is no additional activation barrier inhibiting to attachment at steps beyond that for terrace diffusion. Then, the classical BCF treatment simply imposes a Dirichlet BC equating the limiting value of the terrace adatom density to its equilibrium value at the step edge. Our analysis replaces this BC with one incorporating finite kinetic coefficients, K +/-, measuring inhibited diffusion-limited attachment at kinks. We determine the dependence of K +/- on key parameters such as the kink separation and terrace width, and on the width of nearby terraces. Our formulation provides a framework within which to describe step pairing phenomena observed on so-called AB-vicinal surfaces without attachment barriers, a feature not captured by the classical BCF treatment. C1 [Ackerman, David M.; Evans, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ackerman, David M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, J. W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ackerman, DM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ackerman@iastate.edu; jevans@iastate.edu FU Division of Chemical Sciences (Basic Energy Sciences) of the US Department of Energy (USDOE) through Ames Laboratory Chemical Physics; PCTC; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences (Basic Energy Sciences) of the US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Ames Laboratory Chemical Physics and PCTC projects. Ames Laboratory is operated for the USDOE by Iowa State University under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 59 EP 88 DI 10.1137/090778389 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 743AY UT WOS:000288988900003 ER PT J AU Berrah, N Bilodeau, RC Dumitriu, I Toffoli, D Lucchese, RR AF Berrah, N. Bilodeau, R. C. Dumitriu, I. Toffoli, D. Lucchese, R. R. TI Shape and Feshbach resonances in inner-shell photodetachment of negative ions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Photodetachmment; Shape resonance; Absolute cross-section; Negative ions; Wigner law; Feshbach resonance ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTOABSORPTION; COLLISIONS; SPECTRA; ANIONS; DECAY AB Inner-shell photodetachment of negative ions has been investigated using the photon-ion merged beam technique for atomic and small cluster systems. The case of atomic systems is illustrated by reporting on the first measurements of the absolute cross-sections for the formation of Pt(+), pt(2+), and Pt(3+) following 4f and 5p inner-shell photoexcitation and detachment of Pt(-) 4f(14)5d(9)6s(2) (2)D. The Pt(3+) production channel is dominated by 4f detachment and allows for the first observation of a d-wave Wigner threshold law following single-photon absorption. Our measurements show that promoting a 5p electron into the 5d orbital produces a shape resonance, while promoting a 4f electron produces Feshbach resonances, demonstrating the importance of core-valence interactions. The photodetachment of small cluster systems is illustrated with the measurement and the calculation of K-shell photodetachment of size-selected B(2)(-) and B(3)(-) clusters. The experimental absolute photodetachment cross-sections exhibit bound resonances below threshold and two shape resonances above the K-shell threshold. Similar results were obtained for all of the cationic products observed, B(+) and B(2)(+). from B(2)(-), as well as B(+), B(2)(+) and B(3)(+) from B(3)(-). The overall agreement between measured and calculated photodetachment cross-sections is very good. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Berrah, N.; Bilodeau, R. C.; Dumitriu, I.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Bilodeau, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Toffoli, D.; Lucchese, R. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Berrah, N (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, 1903 W Michigan Ave,Everett Tower, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM nora.berrah@wmich.edu RI Lucchese, Robert/O-4452-2014; Toffoli, Daniele/G-4897-2011; OI Lucchese, Robert/0000-0002-7200-3775; Toffoli, Daniele/0000-0002-8225-6119; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 FU DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Chemical, Geoscience, and Biological Divisions FX This work is supported by DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Chemical, Geoscience, and Biological Divisions. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 183 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.03.005 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 740YW UT WOS:000288831300010 ER EF