FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Xie, JA Xu, F Wood, DL More, KL Zawodzinski, TA Smith, WH AF Xie, Jian Xu, Fan Wood, David L., III More, Karren L. Zawodzinski, Thomas A. Smith, Wayne H. TI Influence of ionomer content on the structure and performance of PEFC membrane electrode assemblies SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ionomer content; Membrane electrode assembly; MEA; Catalyst-layer structure; Polymer electrolyte fuel cell; PEFC ID GAS-DIFFUSION ELECTRODES; PLATINUM LOADING ELECTRODES; FUEL-CELL PERFORMANCE; CATALYST LAYER; PEMFC ELECTRODES; MASS-TRANSPORT; TECHNOLOGY; CARBON; MEAS AB Nafion (R) ionomer content of the cathode catalyst-layer of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), made by the "decal" hot pressing method, has been investigated for its effect on performance and structure of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) Varying Nafion (R) content was shown to have an effect on performance within the entire range of polarization curves (i e kinetic, ohmic. and mass-transport regions) as well as on the structure AFM analysis shows the effect of Nation on the dispersion of carbon aggregates Further analysis using TEM demonstrates the effect of Nation on both the dispersion of carbon aggregates and the distribution and thickness of the Nation ionomer films surrounding the catalyst/carbon aggregates The MEA structure change correlates well with the MEA performance on both kinetics and mass-transport region The determining factors on the performance of MEA are the interfacial zone (between the ionomer and catalyst particle), the dispersion of catalyst/carbon aggregates and the distribution/thickness of Nation films An optimized Nafion (R) content in the range of 27 +/- 6 wt.% for the cathode was determined for an E-TEK 20% Pt(3)Cr/C catalyst at a loading of 0 20 mg Pt/cm(2) (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xie, Jian; Xu, Fan] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wood, David L., III; Smith, Wayne H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices MST Grp 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [More, Karren L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Corros Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zawodzinski, Thomas A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Xie, JA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 723 W Michigan St,SL 260M, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RI Xu, Fan/L-1114-2013; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Wood, David/0000-0002-2471-4214 FU U.S Department of Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technology and Office of Basic Energy Sciences-Chemical Sciences FX This work was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technology and Office of Basic Energy Sciences-Chemical Sciences. Further acknowledgement is given to Jerzy Clistofor, Francisco Uribe, and Mahlon Wilson for helpful discussions NR 37 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 64 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 24 BP 7404 EP 7412 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.067 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 660DJ UT WOS:000282619300036 ER PT J AU Chang, JL Brauer, DS Johnson, J Chen, CG Akil, O Balooch, G Humphrey, MB Chin, EN Porter, AE Butcher, K Ritchie, RO Schneider, RA Lalwani, A Derynck, R Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ Lustig, L Alliston, T AF Chang, Jolie L. Brauer, Delia S. Johnson, Jacob Chen, Carol G. Akil, Omar Balooch, Guive Humphrey, Mary Beth Chin, Emily N. Porter, Alexandra E. Butcher, Kristin Ritchie, Robert O. Schneider, Richard A. Lalwani, Anil Derynck, Rik Marshall, Grayson W. Marshall, Sally J. Lustig, Lawrence Alliston, Tamara TI Tissue-specific calibration of extracellular matrix material properties by transforming growth factor-beta and Runx2 in bone is required for hearing SO EMBO REPORTS LA English DT Article DE elastic modulus; Runx2; hearing; TGF-beta; bone quality ID CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSPLASIA; OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION; OTIC CAPSULE; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; MUTATION; DEAFNESS; DISEASE; CBFA1 AB Physical cues, such as extracellular matrix stiffness, direct cell differentiation and support tissue-specific function. Perturbation of these cues underlies diverse pathologies, including osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms that establish tissue-specific material properties and link them to healthy tissue function are unknown. We show that Runx2, a key lineage-specific transcription factor, regulates the material properties of bone matrix through the same transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta)-responsive pathway that controls osteoblast differentiation. Deregulated TGF beta or Runx2 function compromises the distinctly hard cochlear bone matrix and causes hearing loss, as seen in human cleidocranial dysplasia. In Runx2(+/-) mice, inhibition of TGF beta signalling rescues both the material properties of the defective matrix, and hearing. This study elucidates the unknown cause of hearing loss in cleidocranial dysplasia, and demonstrates that a molecular pathway controlling cell differentiation also defines material properties of extracellular matrix. Furthermore, our results suggest that the careful regulation of these properties is essential for healthy tissue function. C1 [Chang, Jolie L.; Johnson, Jacob; Akil, Omar; Lustig, Lawrence; Alliston, Tamara] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Brauer, Delia S.; Marshall, Grayson W.; Marshall, Sally J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chen, Carol G.; Chin, Emily N.; Butcher, Kristin; Schneider, Richard A.; Alliston, Tamara] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Balooch, Guive; Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balooch, Guive; Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Humphrey, Mary Beth] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med & Microbiol Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. [Porter, Alexandra E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Schneider, Richard A.; Derynck, Rik; Marshall, Grayson W.; Alliston, Tamara] Univ Calif San Francisco, Eli & Edythe Broad Ctr Regenerat Med & Stem Cell, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Derynck, Rik] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cell & Tissue Biol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Alliston, Tamara] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Lalwani, Anil] NYU, Dept Otolaryngol, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Alliston, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM tamara.alliston@ucsf.edu RI Brauer, Delia/B-9294-2012; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Brauer, Delia/0000-0001-5062-0695; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Schneider, Richard/0000-0002-2626-3111 FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [R03 DE16868, R01 DE019284, T32 DE007306, R01 DE016402, P01 DE09859]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Triological Society; Hearing Research Institute; National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [K08 DC00189]; University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry; Arthritis Foundation; Deafness Research Foundation FX We thank C. Weber, D. Nguyen, D. Coling, R. Stern, G. Nonomura, L. Prentice and V. Weaver. This research was supported by National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research R03 DE16868 (T. A.), R01 DE019284 (T. A.), T32 DE007306 (C. G. C), R01 DE016402 (R. A. S.) and P01 DE09859 (D. S. B., G. W. M., S.J.M.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Student Research Fellowship (J.L.C.), Triological Society Resident Research Fellowship (J.J.), Hearing Research Institute (A. L., L. L., T. A.), National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources (R. D.), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders K08 DC00189 (L. L.) and University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry Creativity Fund, Arthritis Foundation, and Deafness Research Foundation grants (T. A.). X-ray tomography was performed at Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (United States Department of Energy, DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1469-221X J9 EMBO REP JI EMBO Rep. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 10 BP 765 EP 771 DI 10.1038/embor.2010.135 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 654ZO UT WOS:000282210500014 PM 20847738 ER PT J AU Bolin, TB AF Bolin, Trudy B. TI Direct Determination of Pyrite Content in Argonne Premium Coals by the Use of Sulfur X-ray Near Edge Absorption Spectroscopy (S-XANES) SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE PROGRAM; FORMS AB Argonne premium coal samples are used by researchers worldwide as standards in coal research. The set consists of a suite of eight samples of varying rank from the United States. The sulfur X-ray near edge absorption spectroscopy (S-XANES) third-derivative analysis method uses a well-defined library of model compounds to curve fit each sample spectrum and enables sulfur speciation to within about 10 mol % for materials such as coals and kerogens. This direct, non-destructive characterization technique, used in conjunction with others, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, can provide valuable information about chemical and thermal sulfur transformations. The S-XANES third-derivative analysis method provides quantitative results for organic sulfur species in coal but has not been used to quantify inorganic sulfur forms to date. In general, the direct determination of the pyrite content, a metal sulfide, has been problematic. Through wet chemical methods, several of the Argonne premium coal samples are known to exceed 50 mol % pyrite but only show a weak pyrite feature in the S-XANES absorbance and third-derivative spectrum. We show that particle-size effects are responsible for attenuating the pyrite signal for high-pyrite-containing Argonne premium coals. Grinding techniques are discussed that decrease the particle size and produce spectra and results that are in better agreement with those from established wet chemical methods for pyrite determination. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bolin, TB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bolitru@aps.anl.gov FU Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the APS was supported by the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The author thanks S.R. Kelemen and M. Sansone for helpful discussions. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 BP 5479 EP 5482 DI 10.1021/ef100444p PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 666JO UT WOS:000283111200022 ER PT J AU Kwon, TH Song, KI Cho, GC AF Kwon, Tae-Hyuk Song, Ki-Il Cho, Gye-Chun TI Destabilization of Marine Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Induced by a Hot Wellbore: A Numerical Approach SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POROUS-MEDIA; METHANE HYDRATE; STABILITY; DISSOCIATION; SEA; PERMEABILITY; MODEL AB This study addresses a numerical approach for exploring how thermal change destabilizes marine gas hydrate-bearing sediments. The underlying physical processes of hydrate-bearing sediments, such as hydrate dissociation, self-preservation, pore pressure evolution, gas dissolution, and sediment volume expansion, are incorporated with the thermal conduction, pore fluid flow, and mechanical response of sediments. Two-dimensional numerical modeling is conducted using a verified finite difference method, in which a steady-state hot wellbore transfers heat to the surrounding hydrate-bearing sediments, resulting in dissociation of methane hydrate. During gas hydrate dissociation, excess pore fluid pressure is generated such that the sediments undergo plastic deformation in the dissociation region and uplift at the seafloor. Sediment stability in the early stage of heat transfer is governed by the intensity of the heat source and the thermal conductivity of the sediments with gas hydrates in place. Later on, excess pore fluid pressure diffusing from the dissociation region destabilizes the shallower overlying sediments. Case studies show that the stability of sediments experiencing thermal change is worsened by an increase in the intensity of the heat source and the initial hydrate saturation. In addition, a decrease in the permeability, initial free gas saturation, and sediment strength also decreases the stability of sediments. A considerable uplifting deformation of the overlying sediments and a sediment failure in a cylindrical or conical shape around a wellbore are observed when the factor-of-safety becomes less than one. C1 [Song, Ki-Il; Cho, Gye-Chun] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kwon, Tae-Hyuk] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cho, GC (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM gyechun@kaist.edu RI Cho, Gye-Chun/C-1600-2011; Kwon, Tae-Hyuk/F-2183-2013 FU Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy [GP2010-016-2010(1)]; office of KAIST Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS) Initiative [EEWS-2010-N01100038] FX We are grateful to anonymous reviewers and Emily V.L. Rees for valuable comments and suggestions. Support for this research was provided by the Basic Research Project of the Korea Insitute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) funded by Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy (Grant No. GP2010-016-2010(1)) and by the office of KAIST Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS) Initiative (Grant No. EEWS-2010-N01100038). NR 43 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 BP 5493 EP 5507 DI 10.1021/ef100596x PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 666JO UT WOS:000283111200024 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Zhang, YHP AF Zhang, Xiao-Zhou Zhang, Yi-Heng P. TI One-step production of biocommodities from lignocellulosic biomass by recombinant cellulolytic Bacillus subtilis: Opportunities and challenges SO ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Bacillus subtilis; Biofuels; Cellulase expression; Consolidated bioprocessing; Metabolic engineering ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; AMORPHOUS CELLULOSE; KLEBSIELLA-OXYTOCA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PLASMID DNA; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL EXPANSIN AB One-step consolidated bioprocessing that integrates cellulase production, cellulose hydrolysis, and product fermentation into a single step for decreasing costly cellulase use, increasing volumetric productivity, and reducing capital investment is widely accepted for low-cost production of biofuels or other value-added biochemicals. Considering the narrow margins between biomass and low-value biocommodities, good physiological performance of industrial microbes is crucial for economically viable production. Bacillus subtilis, the best-characterized Gram-positive microorganism, is a major industrial microorganism with numerous valuable features such as hexose and pentose utilization, low-nutrient needs, fast growth rate, high protein secretion capacity, industrial safety, etc. As compared with other potential consolidated bioprocessing microorganisms such as Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recombinant cellulolytic B. subtilis strains would be a potential platform for biocommodity production from nonfood biomass. Here, we review the advances in recombinant cellulolytic B. subtilis development and metabolic engineering for biocommodity production, and discuss the opportunities and challenges of cellulolytic B. subtilis for biocommodity production. C1 [Zhang, Xiao-Zhou; Zhang, Yi-Heng P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Yi-Heng P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Yi-Heng P.] BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Dept Energy, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhang, XZ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM xzzhang@vt.edu FU DOE BioEnergy Science Center; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; USDA Bioprocessing and Biodesign Center; DuPont Young Professor Award FX This work was supported mainly by the DOE BioEnergy Science Center. The BioEnergy Science Center is a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. This work was also partially supported by the USDA Bioprocessing and Biodesign Center and the DuPont Young Professor Award. NR 101 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1618-0240 J9 ENG LIFE SCI JI Eng. Life Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 398 EP 406 DI 10.1002/elsc.201000011 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 673JV UT WOS:000283656500003 ER PT J AU Wassom, JS Malling, HV Sankaranarayanan, K Lu, PY AF Wassom, John S. Malling, Heinrich V. Sankaranarayanan, K. Lu, Po-Yung TI Reflections on the Origins and Evolution of Genetic Toxicology and the Environmental Mutagen Society SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mutation research; history of genetic toxicology; chemical mutagenesis; Environmental Mutagen Society ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; COMPUTATIONAL PREDICTION; TESTING REQUIREMENTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; IONIZING-RADIATION; RODENT CARCINOGENS; MUTATION-RESEARCH; GENOTOXICITY; TOXICITY AB This article traces the development of the field of mutagenesis and its metamorphosis into the research area we now call genetic toxicology. In 1969, this transitional event led to the founding of the Environmental Mutagen Society (EMS). The charter of this new Society was to "encourage interest in and study of mutagens in the human environment, particularly as these may be of concern to public health." As the mutagenesis field unfolded and expanded, new wording appeared to better describe this evolving area of research. The term "genetic toxicology" was coined and became an important subspecialty of the broad area of toxicology. Genetic toxicology is now set for a thorough reappraisal of its methods, goals, and priorities to meet the challenges of the 21st Century. To better understand these challenges, we have revisited the primary goal that the EMS founders had in mind for the Society's main mission and objective, namely, the quantitative assessment of genetic (hereditary) risks to human populations exposed to environmental agents. We also have reflected upon some of the seminal events over the last 40 years that have influenced the advancement of the genetic toxicology discipline and the extent to which the Society's major goal and allied objectives have been achieved. Additionally, we have provided suggestions on how EMS can further advance the science of genetic toxicology in the postgenome era. Any oversight or failure to make proper acknowledgment of individuals, events, or the citation of relevant references in this article is unintentional. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 51:746760, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Wassom, John S.; Lu, Po-Yung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Malling, Heinrich V.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Sankaranarayanan, K.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Toxicogenet, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Lu, PY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM lupy@ornl.gov FU NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO5-000R22725] FX This work was supported in part by the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences intramural research program.; This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-ACO5-000R22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 99 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 746 EP 760 DI 10.1002/em.20589 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 666GI UT WOS:000283102100003 PM 20839221 ER PT J AU Zhuang, J Gentry, RW Yu, GR Sayler, GS Bickham, JW AF Zhuang, Jie Gentry, Randall W. Yu, Gui-Rui Sayler, Gary S. Bickham, John W. TI Bioenergy Sustainability in China: Potential and Impacts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bioenergy sustainability; Emissions; Energy plants; Marginal land AB The sustainability implications of bioenergy development strategies are large and complex. Unlike conventional agriculture, bioenergy production provides an opportunity to design systems for improving eco-environmental services. Different places have different goals and solutions for bioenergy development, but they all should adhere to the sustainability requirements of the environment, economy, and society. This article serves as a brief overview of China's bioenergy development and as an introduction to this special issue on the impacts of bioenergy development in China. The eleven articles in this special issue present a range of perspectives and scenario analyses on bioenergy production and its impacts as well as potential barriers to its development. Five general themes are covered: status and goals, biomass resources, energy plants, environmental impacts, and economic and social impacts. The potential for bioenergy production in China is huge, particularly in the central north and northwest. China plans to develop a bioenergy capacity of 30GW by 2020. However, realization of this goal will require breakthroughs in bioenergy landscape design, energy plant biotechnology, legislation, incentive policy, and conversion facilities. Our analyses suggest that (1) the linkage between bioenergy, environment, and economy are often circular rather than linear in nature; (2) sustainability is a core concept in bioenergy design and the ultimate goal of bioenergy development; and (3) each bioenergy development scheme must be region-specific and designed to solve local environmental and agricultural problems. C1 [Zhuang, Jie] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Ctr Environm Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gentry, Randall W.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yu, Gui-Rui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sayler, Gary S.] Univ Tennessee, UT ORNL Joint Inst Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bickham, John W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zhuang, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Ctr Environm Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jzhuang@utk.edu RI Gentry, Randall/J-8177-2012; 于, 贵瑞/C-1768-2014 OI Gentry, Randall/0000-0003-2477-8127; NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 SI SI BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9555-6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659UE UT WOS:000282591600001 PM 20838792 ER PT J AU Zhou, AF He, ZL Redding-Johanson, AM Mukhopadhyay, A Hemme, CL Joachimiak, MP Luo, F Deng, Y Bender, KS He, Q Keasling, JD Stahl, DA Fields, MW Hazen, TC Arkin, AP Wall, JD Zhou, JZ AF Zhou, Aifen He, Zhili Redding-Johanson, Alyssa M. Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila Hemme, Christopher L. Joachimiak, Marcin P. Luo, Feng Deng, Ye Bender, Kelly S. He, Qiang Keasling, Jay D. Stahl, David A. Fields, Matthew W. Hazen, Terry C. Arkin, Adam P. Wall, Judy D. Zhou, Jizhong TI Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress responses in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; VULGATIS HILDENBOROUGH; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE; FUR MUTANTS; IRON UPTAKE; REGULON; GROWTH; GENES AB P>To understand how sulphate-reducing bacteria respond to oxidative stresses, the responses of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough to H2O2-induced stresses were investigated with transcriptomic, proteomic and genetic approaches. H2O2 and induced chemical species (e.g. polysulfide, ROS) and redox potential shift increased the expressions of the genes involved in detoxification, thioredoxin-dependent reduction system, protein and DNA repair, and decreased those involved in sulfate reduction, lactate oxidation and protein synthesis. A gene coexpression network analysis revealed complicated network interactions among differentially expressed genes, and suggested possible importance of several hypothetical genes in H2O2 stress. Also, most of the genes in PerR and Fur regulons were highly induced, and the abundance of a Fur regulon protein increased. Mutant analysis suggested that PerR and Fur are functionally overlapped in response to stresses induced by H2O2 and reaction products, and the upregulation of thioredoxin-dependent reduction genes was independent of PerR or Fur. It appears that induction of those stress response genes could contribute to the increased resistance of deletion mutants to H2O2-induced stresses. In addition, a conceptual cellular model of D. vulgaris responses to H2O2 stress was constructed to illustrate that this bacterium may employ a complicated molecular mechanism to defend against the H2O2-induced stresses. C1 [Zhou, Aifen; He, Zhili; Redding-Johanson, Alyssa M.; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila; Hemme, Christopher L.; Joachimiak, Marcin P.; Deng, Ye; Bender, Kelly S.; He, Qiang; Keasling, Jay D.; Stahl, David A.; Fields, Matthew W.; Hazen, Terry C.; Arkin, Adam P.; Wall, Judy D.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhou, Aifen; He, Zhili; Hemme, Christopher L.; Deng, Ye; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Redding-Johanson, Alyssa M.; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Joachimiak, Marcin P.; Hazen, Terry C.; Arkin, Adam P.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Luo, Feng] Clemson Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bender, Kelly S.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Microbiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [He, Qiang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stahl, David A.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Wall, Judy D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wall, Judy D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI He, Qiang/G-9061-2011; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI He, Qiang/0000-0002-7155-6474; Bender, Kelly/0000-0002-0025-2166; ?, ?/0000-0002-7584-0632; Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Drs Lee R. Krumholz and Deniz F. Aktas for technical help and Jian Wang for help with the manuscript preparation. This work is a part of the Environmental Stress Pathway Project (ESPP) of the Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://vimss.lbl.gov) supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics: GTL Program through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 with LBNL. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 10 BP 2645 EP 2657 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02234.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656XW UT WOS:000282375400002 PM 20482586 ER PT J AU Junier, P Junier, T Podell, S Sims, DR Detter, JC Lykidis, A Han, CS Wigginton, NS Gaasterland, T Bernier-Latmani, R AF Junier, Pilar Junier, Thomas Podell, Sheila Sims, David R. Detter, John C. Lykidis, Athanasios Han, Cliff S. Wigginton, Nicholas S. Gaasterland, Terry Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan TI The genome of the Gram-positive metal- and sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfotomaculum reducens strain MI-1 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; URANIUM MILL TAILINGS; SP-NOV.; HETERODISULFIDE REDUCTASE; DESULFURICANS ATCC-27774; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; METHANOSARCINA-MAZEI; ENERGY-METABOLISM; U(VI) REDUCTION AB P>Spore-forming, Gram-positive sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) represent a group of SRB that dominates the deep subsurface as well as niches in which resistance to oxygen and dessication is an advantage. Desulfotomaculum reducens strain MI-1 is one of the few cultured representatives of that group with a complete genome sequence available. The metabolic versatility of this organism is reflected in the presence of genes encoding for the oxidation of various electron donors, including three- and four-carbon fatty acids and alcohols. Synteny in genes involved in sulfate reduction across all four sequenced Gram-positive SRB suggests a distinct sulfate-reduction mechanism for this group of bacteria. Based on the genomic information obtained for sulfate reduction in D. reducens, the transfer of electrons to the sulfite and APS reductases is proposed to take place via the quinone pool and heterodisulfide reductases respectively. In addition, both H(2)-evolving and H(2)-consuming cytoplasmic hydrogenases were identified in the genome, pointing to potential cytoplasmic H(2) cycling in the bacterium. The mechanism of metal reduction remains unknown. C1 [Junier, Pilar; Wigginton, Nicholas S.; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Junier, Thomas] Univ Geneva, Computat Evolutionary Genom Grp, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Podell, Sheila; Gaasterland, Terry] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Sims, David R.; Detter, John C.; Han, Cliff S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lykidis, Athanasios] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Genome Biol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Bernier-Latmani, R (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM rizlan.bernier-latmani@epfl.ch RI Wigginton, Nicholas/F-1747-2011; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Junier, Thomas/A-6748-2011 OI Wigginton, Nicholas/0000-0001-9161-6131; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; FU Swiss National Science Foundation [33100A0-112337]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH [ES010337]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US National Science Foundation [0626678] FX We acknowledge funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation through Grant No. 33100A0-112337. In addition, this publication was made possible by grant number ES010337 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH. The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. T. G.'s contributions to computational aspects of this work were supported in part by the US National Science Foundation grant number 0626678. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments lead to a marked improvement of this manuscript. NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 10 BP 2738 EP 2754 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02242.x PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656XW UT WOS:000282375400009 PM 20482743 ER PT J AU Wang, SX Song, JX Li, GH Wu, Y Zhang, L Wan, Q Streets, DG Chin, CK Hao, JM AF Wang, S. X. Song, J. X. Li, G. H. Wu, Y. Zhang, L. Wan, Q. Streets, D. G. Chin, Conrad K. Hao, J. M. TI Estimating mercury emissions from a zinc smelter in relation to China's mercury control policies SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Hydrometallurgical zinc smelting; Hg removal efficiency; Speciation; Emission factor; Control policy ID GLOBAL EMISSION; CONTAMINATION; ATMOSPHERE; GUIZHOU; COUNTY AB Mercury concentrations of flue gas at inlet/outlet of the flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, reclaiming tower, acid plant, and mercury contents in zinc concentrate and by-products were measured in a hydrometallurgical zinc smelter. The removal efficiency of flue gas cleaning, electrostatic demister, mercury reclaiming and acid plant was about 17.4%, 30.3%, 87.9% and 97.4% respectively. Flue gas cleaning and electrostatic demister captured 11.7% and 25.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate, respectively. The mercury reclaiming tower captured 58.3% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate. About 4.2% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was captured by the acid plant. Consequently, only 0.8% of the mercury in the zinc concentrate was emitted to the atmosphere. The atmospheric mercury emission factor was 0.5 g t(-1) of zinc produced for the tested smelter, indicating that this process offers the potential to effectively reduce mercury emissions from zinc smelting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, S. X.; Song, J. X.; Li, G. H.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wan, Q.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. X.; Song, J. X.; Li, G. H.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wan, Q.; Hao, J. M.] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chin, Conrad K.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Hao, JM (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM hjm-den@tsinghua.edu.cn RI wang, shuxiao/H-5990-2011; Zhang, Lei/I-4383-2016; Wu, Ye/O-9779-2015; OI wang, shuxiao/0000-0001-9727-1963; Zhang, Lei/0000-0003-2796-6043; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU U.S. EPA; Natural Science Foundation of China [20937002]; MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares [200909024] FX This work was sponsored by U.S. EPA, MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares (200909024), and the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20937002). We would like to express our thanks to the management group and workers of the smelter for their support. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 158 IS 10 BP 3347 EP 3353 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.032 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655OV UT WOS:000282260200046 PM 20716469 ER PT J AU Fan, JW Comstock, JM Ovchinnikov, M AF Fan, Jiwen Comstock, Jennifer M. Ovchinnikov, Mikhail TI The cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei effects on tropical anvil characteristics and water vapor of the tropical tropopause layer SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aerosol effects; CCN/IN effects; tropical anvil properties; water vapor content in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) ID CONVECTIVE CLOUD; AEROSOL; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; NUCLEATION AB Cloud anvils from deep convective clouds are of great importance to the radiative energy budget and the aerosol impact on them is poorly understood. In this study, we use a three-dimensional cloud-resolving model with size-resolved cloud microphysics to examine the effects of both cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) on cloud anvil properties and water vapor content (WVC) in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). We find that cloud microphysical changes induced by increases in CCN/IN play a very important role in determining cloud anvil area and WVC in the TTL, whether convection is enhanced or suppressed. Also, CCN effects on anvil microphysical properties, anvil size and lifetime are much more evident relative to IN effects. Our sensitivity study shows that IN have little effect on convective strength but can increase ice number and mass concentrations in cloud anvils significantly under humid conditions. CCN in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) are found to have greater effects on convective strength and mid-tropospheric CCN have negligible effects on convection strength and cloud properties. Convective transport may only moisten the main convective outflow region, and the larger cloud anvil area and more efficient sublimation induced by increasing CCN concentration significantly increase the WVC in the whole TTL domain. This study shows an important role of CCN in the lower troposphere in modifying convection and the upper-level cloud properties. It also shows that the effects of IN and the PBL CCN on the upper-level clouds depend on the humidity, resolving some contradictory results in past studies. C1 [Fan, Jiwen; Comstock, Jennifer M.; Ovchinnikov, Mikhail] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fan, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jiwen.fan@pnl.gov RI Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011 FU PNNL Aerosol Climate Initiative (ACI) FX This study was supported by PNNL Aerosol Climate Initiative (ACI). This research used computational resources from EMSL and PNNL. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR 044005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 709EO UT WOS:000286420700007 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Wang, JA AF Liu, Xiaohong Wang, Jian TI How important is organic aerosol hygroscopicity to aerosol indirect forcing? SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aerosol; organic; cloud; climate ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CCN CONCENTRATION; SOA FORMATION; MIXING STATE; PHOTOOXIDATION; ACTIVATION AB Organics are among the most abundant aerosol components in the atmosphere. However, there are still large uncertainties with emissions of primary organic aerosol (POA) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (precursor gases of secondary organic aerosol, SOA), formation of SOA, and chemical and physical properties (e. g., hygroscopicity) of POA and SOA. All these may have significant impacts on aerosol direct and indirect forcing estimated from global models. In this study a modal aerosol module (MAM) in the NCAR community atmospheric model (CAM) is used to examine sensitivities of aerosol indirect forcing to hygroscopicity (represented by a single parameter 'kappa') of POA and SOA. Our model simulation indicates that in the present-day (PD) condition changing the 'kappa' value of POA from 0 to 0.1 increases the number concentration of cloud condensational nuclei (CCN) at supersaturation S = 0.1% by 40-80% over the POA source regions, while changing the 'kappa' value of SOA by +/- 50% (from 0.14 to 0.07 and 0.21) changes the CCN concentration within 40%. There are disproportionally larger changes in CCN concentration in the pre-industrial (PI) condition. Due to the stronger impact of organics hygroscopicity on CCN and cloud droplet number concentration at PI condition, global annual mean anthropogenic aerosol indirect forcing (AIF) between PD and PI conditions reduces with the increase of the hygroscopicity of organics. Global annual mean AIF varies by 0.4W m(-2) in the sensitivity runs with the control run of -1.3 W m(-2), highlighting the need for improved understanding of organics hygroscopicity and its representation in global models. C1 [Liu, Xiaohong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, Jian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, XH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, 3200 Q Ave,MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Xiaohong.Liu@pnl.gov; jian@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011 OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science [DE-AC06-76RLO, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX X Liu was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program and Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. J Wang is funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, ASR program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The Brookhaven National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 56 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 38 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR 044010 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 709EO UT WOS:000286420700012 ER PT J AU Wang, SW Streets, DG Zhang, QA He, KB Chen, D Kang, SC Lu, ZF Wang, YX AF Wang, Siwen Streets, David G. Zhang, Qiang He, Kebin Chen, Dan Kang, Sicong Lu, Zifeng Wang, Yuxuan TI Satellite detection and model verification of NOx emissions from power plants in Northern China SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE China; NOx; emissions; GEOS-Chem; OMI ID TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; INTEX-B; AIR-QUALITY; RETRIEVAL; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT AB We evaluate the recently increasing tropospheric NO2 columns in Northern China measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with an advanced power-plant NOx emission inventory and the NASA INTEX-B emission inventory, using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). In areas with newly built power plants the modeled and OMI-retrieved summertime average tropospheric NO2 columns increased by 55% and 47%, respectively, between 2005 and 2007. A monthly average increase of 1.79 Gg NOx emissions is calculated to lead to an increase of 1.0 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2) in the modeled NO2 columns in the study areas. Good consistency (R-2 = 0.61, slope = 1.18, n = 14) between the increased modeled and OMI-retrieved summertime average NO2 columns is found. These results suggest that NOx emissions from large power plants in Northern China can be identified and quantified using OMI retrievals with confidence. The NASA INTEX-B emission inventory appears to underestimate the NOx emissions from the industry and transportation sectors, making it more difficult to quantify power-plant emissions when they are co-located with large cities. C1 [Wang, Siwen; Streets, David G.; Lu, Zifeng] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Siwen; He, Kebin; Kang, Sicong; Wang, Yuxuan] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qiang] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Chen, Dan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lu, Zifeng/F-3266-2012; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016; OI Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; China's National High Technology Research and Development Program [2006AA06A305]; National Basic Research Program [2010CB951803]; Project of Monitoring and Management on Emission Reduction; Joint-Training Program; UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work performed at Argonne National Laboratory was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Program on Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results. Thanks go to Lawrence Friedl (NASA) and Gregory Carmichael (University of Iowa) for programmatic support. The work performed at Tsinghua University was funded by China's National High Technology Research and Development Program (2006AA06A305), National Basic Research Program (2010CB951803) and the Project of Monitoring and Management on Emission Reduction, managed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Siwen Wang acknowledges the support of the Joint-Training Program organized by the China Scholarship Council. Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the US Department of Energy. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 34 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR 044007 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 709EO UT WOS:000286420700009 ER PT J AU Xia, SQ Duan, LA Song, YH Li, JX Piceno, YM Andersen, GL Alvarez-Cohen, L Moreno-Andrade, I Huang, CL Hermanowicz, SW AF Xia, Siqing Duan, Liang Song, Yonghui Li, Jixiang Piceno, Yvette M. Andersen, Gary L. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa Moreno-Andrade, Ivan Huang, Chun-Lin Hermanowicz, Slawomir W. TI Bacterial Community Structure in Geographically Distributed Biological Wastewater Treatment Reactors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS DGGE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; 16S RDNA; MICROARRAY; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; OPERATION AB Current knowledge of the microbial communities within biological wastewater treatment reactors is incomplete due to limitations of traditional culture-based techniques and despite the emergence of recently applied molecular techniques. Here we demonstrate the application of high-density microarrays targeting universal 16S rRNA genes to evaluate microbial community composition in five biological wastewater treatment reactors in China and the United States. Results suggest a surprisingly consistent composition of microbial community structure among all five reactors. All investigated communities contained a core of bacterial phyla (53-82% of 2119 taxa identified) with almost identical compositions las determined by colinearity analysis). These core species were distributed widely in terms of abundance but their proportions were virtually the same in all samples. Proteobacteria was the largest phylum and Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes were the subdominant phyla. The diversity among the samples can be attributed solely to a group of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were detected only in specific samples. Typically, these organisms ranked somewhat lower in terms of abundance but a few were present is much higher proportions. C1 [Xia, Siqing; Li, Jixiang] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Duan, Liang; Song, Yonghui] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa; Huang, Chun-Lin; Hermanowicz, Slawomir W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Piceno, Yvette M.; Andersen, Gary L.; Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moreno-Andrade, Ivan] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Res Adv Proc Water Treatment, Inst Ingn, Unidad Acad Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. RP Xia, SQ (reprint author), Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM siqingxia@gmail.com RI Moreno-Andrade, Ivan/B-4277-2011; Hermanowicz, Slawomir/D-7678-2014; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Moreno-Andrade, Ivan/0000-0002-1400-7241; Hermanowicz, Slawomir/0000-0003-3708-0262; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 FU National high technology research and development program; National natural science foundation; Water pollution control of China [2008ZX07208-001003]; China Scholarship Council; UC Mexus program; Taiwan FX We acknowledge the support provided by the national high technology research and development program (863), the national natural science foundation, and the national key project of water pollution control of China (2008ZX07208-001&003). L.D. was supported by China Scholarship Council. Ivan Moreno Andrade was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the UC Mexus program. Chun-Lin Huang was supported by a grant from Taiwan. NR 30 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7391 EP 7396 DI 10.1021/es101554m PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700036 PM 20812670 ER PT J AU Han, RY Geller, JT Yang, L Brodie, EL Chakraborty, R Larsen, JT Beller, HR AF Han, Ruyang Geller, Jil T. Yang, Li Brodie, Eoin L. Chakraborty, Romy Larsen, Joern T. Beller, Harry R. TI Physiological and Transcriptional Studies of Cr(VI) Reduction under Aerobic and Denitrifying Conditions by an Aquifer-Derived Pseudomonad SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIUM; CHROMATE REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT-CHROMIUM; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; INHIBITION; RESISTANCE; STRAIN; CHLORAMPHENICOL; MECHANISMS; CR(III) AB Cr(VI) is a widespread groundwater contaminant that is a potent toxin, mutagen, and carcinogen. In situ reductive immobilization is a favored approach for Cr(VI) bioremediation, and Cr(VI) reduction has been reported in a variety of aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria, including a number of pseudomonads. However, studies comparing Cr(VI) reduction under aerobic and denitrifying conditions in the same organism are not available. We have conducted studies with strain RCH2, a bacterium similar to Pseudomonas stutzeri that we isolated from a Cr-contaminated aquifer. Cell suspension studies with lactate demonstrated that Cr(VI) reduction could occur under either denitrifying or aerobic conditions (at comparable specific rates) and that reduction was at least 20-fold more rapid when the terminal electron acceptor (i.e., nitrate or O(2)) was present Our results suggest that Cr(VI) reduction by strain RCH2 under either aerobic or denitrifying conditions is primarily cometabolic in the sense that the physiological electron acceptor (oxygen or nitrate) appears to be required. Under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions, the gene(s) associated with chromate reduction are not inducible by Cr. Continuous culture (chemostat) studies showed strong correlations (r(2) values >0.93) between nitrate reduction rate and the transcript copy number of either nirS (cytochrome cd(1) nitrite reductase) or narG (nitrate reductase a subunit). As our studies indicate that anaerobic Cr(VI) reduction by this pseudomonad requires active denitrification and that denitrification and chromate reduction rates are highly correlated (r(2) > 0.99), monitoring expression of such denitrification genes in biostimulated aquifers could provide valuable proxy information for in situ chromate reduction by similar bacteria even if the specific genes involved in chromate reduction have not been identified. We also report incomplete removal of reduced Cr from solution and on artifacts in the widely used diphenylcarbazide assay for Cr(VI), most notably, its complete inactivation in the presence of millimolar nitrite. C1 [Han, Ruyang; Geller, Jil T.; Yang, Li; Brodie, Eoin L.; Chakraborty, Romy; Larsen, Joern T.; Beller, Harry R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beller, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HRBeller@lbl.gov RI Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Chakraborty, Romy/D-9230-2015; YANG, LI/F-9392-2010; Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Chakraborty, Romy/0000-0001-9326-554X; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-050CH11231] FX This work was supported as part of the Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-AC02-050CH11231. R.H. and H.R.B. contributed equally to this manuscript. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7491 EP 7497 DI 10.1021/es101152r PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700051 PM 20822129 ER PT J AU Ilton, ES Zachara, JM Moore, DA Mckinley, JP Eckberg, AD Cahill, CL Felmy, AR AF Ilton, Eugene S. Zachara, John M. Moore, Dean A. Mckinley, James P. Eckberg, Alison D. Cahill, Christopher L. Felmy, Andrew R. TI Dissolution Study of Metatorbernite: Thermodynamic Properties and the Effect of pH and Phosphate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED HANFORD SEDIMENTS; URANIUM SPECIATION; VADOSE ZONE; SITE; TORBERNITE; KINETICS; DEPTH; SOILS AB The uranyl copper-phosphate, metatorbernite, has been identified in the shallow vadose zone of the 300 A area at the Hanford site, WA, USA. Consequently, modeling the evolution of U concentrations in vadose zone porewaters driven by meteoric water recharge requires accurate knowledge of metatorbernite solubility. Previous determinations of the solubility constant for metatorbernite were under constrained. In the present contribution, the dissolution of natural metatorbernite crystals was studied at target pH 2.5 and 3.0, using both nitric and phosphoric acid. Steady state was approached from under- and supersaturation. The experiments and calculations yielded a preferred log K-sp = -28.0 +/- 0.1 that is significantly different than previously determined values. Further, both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric dissolution was observed as a function of pH and aqueous phosphate concentration. C1 [Ilton, Eugene S.; Zachara, John M.; Moore, Dean A.; Mckinley, James P.; Eckberg, Alison D.; Felmy, Andrew R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cahill, Christopher L.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Ilton, ES (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eugene.Ilton@pnl.gov FU NSF [DMR-0419754]; DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15736] FX Portions of this research were performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at PNNL, a national user facility operated by Battelle on behalf of the U.S. DoE, OBER. Research performed by the PNNL Scientific Focus Area with funding support from DOE Biological and Environmental Sciences Division (BER) through the Subsurface Biogeochemistry Program (SBR). The authors are grateful to Mark Frisch and Paula Cantos (GWU) for assistance with single crystal X-ray data collection. X-ray Instrumentation at GWU was purchased with NSF Funding (DMR-0419754) and CLC was partially supported by DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15736. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7521 EP 7526 DI 10.1021/es101619f PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700056 PM 20804183 ER PT J AU Chidambaram, D Hennebel, T Taghavi, S Mast, J Boon, N Verstraete, W van der Lelie, D Fitts, JP AF Chidambaram, Dev Hennebel, Tom Taghavi, Safiyh Mast, Jan Boon, Nico Verstraete, Willy van der Lelie, Daniel Fitts, Jeffrey P. TI Concomitant Microbial Generation of Palladium Nanoparticles and Hydrogen To Immobilize Chromate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; CLOSTRIDIUM SP; REDUCTION; CR(VI); DECHLORINATION; REMEDIATION; BIOMASS; IRON AB The catalytic properties of various metal nanoparticles have led to their use in environmental remediation. Our aim is to develop and apply an efficient bioremediation method based on in situ biosynthesis of bio-Pd nanoparticles and hydrogen. C. pasteurianum BC1 was used to reduce Pd(II) ions to form Pd nanoparticles (bio-Pd) that primarily precipitated on the cell wall and in the cytoplasm. C. pasteurianum BC1 cells, loaded with bio-Pd nanoparticle in the presence of glucose, were subsequently used to fermentatively produce hydrogen and to effectively catalyze the removal of soluble Cr(VI) via reductive transformation to insoluble Cr(III) species. Batch and aquifer microcosm experiments using C. pasteurianum BC1 cells loaded with bio-Pd showed efficient reductive Cr(VI) removal, while in control experiments with killed or viable but Pd-free bacterial cultures no reductive Cr(VI) removal was observed. Our results suggest a novel process where the in situ microbial production of hydrogen is directly coupled to the catalytic bio-Pd mediated reduction of chromate. This process offers significant advantages over the current groundwater treatment technologies that rely on introducing preformed catalytic nanoparticles into groundwater treatment zones and the costly addition of molecular hydrogen to above ground pump and treat systems. C1 [Chidambaram, Dev] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hennebel, Tom; Boon, Nico; Verstraete, Willy] Univ Ghent, LabMET, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Taghavi, Safiyh; van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mast, Jan] CODA CERVA, EM Unit, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Fitts, Jeffrey P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fitts, JP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM fitts@bnl.gov RI Hennebel, Tom/C-2176-2009; Boon, Nico/B-4083-2011; Fitts, Jeffrey/J-3633-2012 OI Hennebel, Tom/0000-0002-8346-5983; Boon, Nico/0000-0002-7734-3103; FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [KPCH137]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Fund of Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) [7741-02] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under project KPCH137, and use of the NSLS at BNL was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Tom Hennebel was supported by the Fund of Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO, 7741-02). We would like to thank Jim Quinn (Materials Characterization Lab, State University of New York at Stony Brook) for the SEM imaging results. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7635 EP 7640 DI 10.1021/es101559r PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700073 PM 20822130 ER PT J AU Fujita, Y Taylor, JL Wendt, LM Reed, DW Smith, RW AF Fujita, Yoshiko Taylor, Joanna L. Wendt, Lynn M. Reed, David W. Smith, Robert W. TI Evaluating the Potential of Native Ureolytic Microbes To Remediate a Sr-90 Contaminated Environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE PRECIPITATION; BACTERIAL UREOLYSIS; UREA HYDROLYSIS; GROUNDWATER; SUBSURFACE; AQUIFER AB This study was a preliminary evaluation of ureolytically driven calcite precipitation and strontium coprecipitation for remediating Sr-90 contamination at the Hanford 100-N Area in Washington; in particular the approach is suitable for treating sorbed Sr-90 that could otherwise be a long-term source for groundwater contamination. Geochemical conditions at the site are compatible with long-term calcite stability, and therefore groundwater and sediment samples were examined to assess the ureolytic capabilities of the native microbiota. Quantitative assays detected up to 2 x 10(4) putative ureC gene copies mL(-1) in water and up to 9 x 10(5) copies g(-1) in sediment The ureC assays and laboratory-based estimates of ureolytic activity indicated that the distribution of in situ ureolytic potential was very heterogeneous with depth and also that the ureolytic activity was predominantly associated with attached organisms. A mixed kinetic-equilibrium model was developed for the 100-N site to simulate urea treatment and predict strontium removal. Together, the microbial characterization data and modeling suggest that the site has the requisite biogeochemical characteristics for application of the calcite precipitation remediation approach for Sr-90. C1 [Fujita, Yoshiko; Wendt, Lynn M.; Reed, David W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Taylor, Joanna L.; Smith, Robert W.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Fujita, Y (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM yoshiko.fujita@inl.gov RI Fujita, Yoshiko/S-2007-2016; Reed, David/C-3337-2017 OI Fujita, Yoshiko/0000-0002-4472-4102; Reed, David/0000-0003-4877-776X FU DOE Office of Science, Biological & Environmental Research FX We thank Kirk Cantrell, Mark Freshley, Tyler Gilmore, Mary Hartman, Donald Mendoza, James Szecsody, and Mark Williams at PNNL/Hanford for their assistance with procurement of samples and background geochemistry data. We also thank Matthew Taylor, Mark Delwiche, and Tina Tyler Gresham for their help in the laboratory and three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. Funding was provided by the DOE Office of Science, Biological & Environmental Research. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 19 SI SI BP 7652 EP 7658 DI 10.1021/es101752p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654ZI UT WOS:000282209700076 PM 20815389 ER PT J AU Staszczak, A Stoitsov, M Baran, A Nazarewicz, W AF Staszczak, A. Stoitsov, M. Baran, A. Nazarewicz, W. TI Augmented Lagrangian method for constrained nuclear density functional theory SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID GENERATOR-COORDINATE METHOD; HARTREE-FOCK CALCULATIONS; CONSISTENT MEAN-FIELD; COLLECTIVE MOTION; BOGOLYUBOV APPROXIMATION; VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; UNBOUNDED OPERATORS; ENERGY; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS AB The augmented Lagrangiam method (ALM), widely used in quantum chemistry constrained optimization problems, is applied in the context of the nuclear Density Functional Theory (DFT) in the self-consistent constrained Skyrme Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (CHFB) variant. The ALM allows precise calculations of multi-dimensional energy surfaces in the space of collective coordinates that are needed to, e.g., determine fission pathways and saddle points; it improves the accuracy of computed derivatives with respect to collective variables that are used to determine collective inertia; and is well adapted to supercomputer applications. C1 [Staszczak, A.; Stoitsov, M.; Baran, A.; Nazarewicz, W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Staszczak, A.; Stoitsov, M.; Baran, A.; Nazarewicz, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Staszczak, A.; Baran, A.] Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. [Nazarewicz, W.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Nazarewicz, W.] Univ W Scotland, Sch Sci & Engn, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. RP Staszczak, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM stas@tytan.umcs.lublin.pl FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-09ER41583]; University of Tennessee [DE-FG02-96ER40963]; DOE [DE-FG52-09NA29461]; NEUP [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N202 231137] FX We wish to thank R. Harrison and A. Kerman for useful suggestions and comments. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FC02-09ER41583 (UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration), DE-FG02-96ER40963 (University of Tennessee); by the National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances program through DOE Grant DE-FG52-09NA29461; by the NEUP grant DE-AC07-05ID14517 (sub award 00091100); by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education - Contract N N202 231137. Computational resources were provided by the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1140/epja/i2010-11018-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 657SV UT WOS:000282433500010 ER PT J AU Abramowicz, H Abt, I Adamczyk, L Adamus, M Aggarwal, R Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Antonov, A Arneodo, M Aushev, V Aushev, Y Bachynska, O Bamberger, A Barakbaev, AN Barbagli, G Bari, G Barreiro, F Bartsch, D Basile, M Behnke, O Behr, J Behrens, U Bellagamba, L Bertolin, A Bhadra, S Bindi, M Blohm, C Bold, T Boos, EG Borodin, M Borras, K Boscherini, D Bot, D Boutle, SK Brock, I Brownson, E Brugnera, R Brummer, N Bruni, A Bruni, G Brzozowska, B Bussey, PJ Butterworth, JM Bylsma, B Caldwell, A Capua, M Carlin, R Catterall, CD Chekanov, S Chwastowski, J Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Cooper-Sarkar, AM Coppola, N Corradi, M Corriveau, F Costa, M D'Agostini, G Dal Corso, F de Favereau, J del Peso, J Dementiev, RK De Pasquale, S Derrick, M Devenish, RCE Dobur, D Dolgoshein, BA Doyle, AT Drugakov, V Durkin, LS Dusini, S Eisenberg, Y Ermolov, PF Eskreys, A Fang, S Fazio, S Ferrando, J Ferrero, MI Figiel, J Forrest, M Foster, B Fourletov, S Gach, G Galas, A Gallo, E Garfagnini, A Geiser, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Gladkov, D Glasman, C Gogota, O Golubkov, YA Gottlicher, P Grabowska-Bold, I Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Grigorescu, G Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Haas, T Hain, W Hamatsu, R Hart, JC Hartmann, H Hartner, G Hilger, E Hochman, D Holm, U Hori, R Horton, K Huttmann, A Iacobucci, G Ibrahim, ZA Iga, Y Ingbir, R Ishitsuka, M Jakob, HP Januschek, F Jimenez, M Jones, TW Jungst, M Kadenko, I Kahle, B Kamaluddin, B Kananov, S Kanno, T Karshon, U Karstens, F Katkov, II Kaur, M Kaur, P Keramidas, A Khein, LA Kim, JY Kisielewska, D Kitamura, S Klanner, R Klein, U Koffeman, E Kollar, D Kooijman, P Korol, I Korzhavina, IA Kotanski, A Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kulinski, P Kuprash, O Kuze, M Kuzmin, VA Lee, A Levchenko, BB Levy, A Libov, V Limentani, S Ling, TY Lisovyi, M Lobodzinska, E Lohmann, W Lohr, B Lohrmann, E Loizides, JH Long, KR Longhin, A Lontkovskyi, D Lukina, OY Luzniak, P Maeda, J Magill, S Makarenko, I Malka, J Mankel, R Margotti, A Marini, G Martin, JF Mastroberardino, A Matsumoto, T Mattingly, MCK Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Idris, FM Monaco, V Montanari, A Morris, JD Musgrave, B Nagano, K Namsoo, T Nania, R Nicholass, D Nigro, A Ning, Y Noor, U Notz, D Nowak, RJ Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Oh, BY Okazaki, N Oliver, K Olkiewicz, K Onishchuk, Y Ota, O Papageorgiu, K Parenti, A Paul, E Pawlak, JM Pawlik, B Pelfer, PG Pellegrino, A Perlanski, W Perrey, H Piotrzkowski, K Plucinski, P Pokrovskiy, NS Polini, A Proskuryakov, AS Przybycien, M Raval, A Reeder, DD Reisert, B Ren, Z Repond, J Ri, YD Robertson, A Roloff, P Ron, E Rubinsky, I Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Salii, A Samson, U Sartorelli, G Savin, AA Saxon, DH Schioppa, M Schlenstedt, S Schleper, P Schmidke, WB Schneekloth, U Schonberg, V Schorner-Sadenius, T Schwartz, J Sciulli, F Shcheglova, LM Shehzadi, R Shimizu, S Singh, I Skillicorn, IO Slominski, W Smith, WH Sola, V Solano, A Son, D Sosnovtsev, V Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stanco, L Stern, A Stewart, TP Stifutkin, A Stopa, P Suchkov, S Susinno, G Suszycki, L Sztuk, J Szuba, D Szuba, J Tapper, AD Tassi, E Terron, J Theedt, T Tiecke, H Tokushuku, K Tomalak, O Tomaszewska, J Tsurugai, T Turcato, M Tymieniecka, T Uribe-Estrada, C Vazquez, M Verbytskyi, A Viazlo, V Vlasov, NN Volynets, O Walczak, R Abdullah, WATW Whitmore, JJ Whyte, J Wiggers, L Wing, M Wlasenko, M Wolf, G Wolfe, H Wrona, K Yagues-Molina, AG Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Yoshida, R Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zawiejski, L Zenaiev, O Zeuner, W Zhautykov, BO Zhmak, N Zhou, C Zichichi, A Zolko, M Zotkin, DS Zulkapli, Z AF Abramowicz, H. Abt, I. Adamczyk, L. Adamus, M. Aggarwal, R. Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Antonov, A. Arneodo, M. Aushev, V. Aushev, Y. Bachynska, O. Bamberger, A. Barakbaev, A. N. Barbagli, G. Bari, G. Barreiro, F. Bartsch, D. Basile, M. Behnke, O. Behr, J. Behrens, U. Bellagamba, L. Bertolin, A. Bhadra, S. Bindi, M. Blohm, C. Bold, T. Boos, E. G. Borodin, M. Borras, K. Boscherini, D. Bot, D. Boutle, S. K. Brock, I. Brownson, E. Brugnera, R. Bruemmer, N. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Brzozowska, B. Bussey, P. J. Butterworth, J. M. Bylsma, B. Caldwell, A. Capua, M. Carlin, R. Catterall, C. D. Chekanov, S. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, J. Ciesielski, R. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Coppola, N. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Costa, M. D'Agostini, G. Dal Corso, F. de Favereau, J. del Peso, J. Dementiev, R. K. De Pasquale, S. Derrick, M. Devenish, R. C. E. Dobur, D. Dolgoshein, B. A. Doyle, A. T. Drugakov, V. Durkin, L. S. Dusini, S. Eisenberg, Y. Ermolov, P. F. Eskreys, A. Fang, S. Fazio, S. Ferrando, J. Ferrero, M. I. Figiel, J. Forrest, M. Foster, B. Fourletov, S. Gach, G. Galas, A. Gallo, E. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, A. Gialas, I. Gladilin, L. K. Gladkov, D. Glasman, C. Gogota, O. Golubkov, Yu. A. Goettlicher, P. Grabowska-Bold, I. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Grigorescu, G. Grzelak, G. Gwenlan, C. Haas, T. Hain, W. Hamatsu, R. Hart, J. C. Hartmann, H. Hartner, G. Hilger, E. Hochman, D. Holm, U. Hori, R. Horton, K. Huettmann, A. Iacobucci, G. Ibrahim, Z. A. Iga, Y. Ingbir, R. Ishitsuka, M. Jakob, H. -P. Januschek, F. Jimenez, M. Jones, T. W. Juengst, M. Kadenko, I. Kahle, B. Kamaluddin, B. Kananov, S. Kanno, T. Karshon, U. Karstens, F. Katkov, I. I. Kaur, M. Kaur, P. Keramidas, A. Khein, L. A. Kim, J. Y. Kisielewska, D. Kitamura, S. Klanner, R. Klein, U. Koffeman, E. Kollar, D. Kooijman, P. Korol, Ie. Korzhavina, I. A. Kotanski, A. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Kulinski, P. Kuprash, O. Kuze, M. Kuzmin, V. A. Lee, A. Levchenko, B. B. Levy, A. Libov, V. Limentani, S. Ling, T. Y. Lisovyi, M. Lobodzinska, E. Lohmann, W. Loehr, B. Lohrmann, E. Loizides, J. H. Long, K. R. Longhin, A. Lontkovskyi, D. Lukina, O. Yu. Luzniak, P. Maeda, J. Magill, S. Makarenko, I. Malka, J. Mankel, R. Margotti, A. Marini, G. Martin, J. F. Mastroberardino, A. Matsumoto, T. Mattingly, M. C. K. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Idris, F. Mohamad Monaco, V. Montanari, A. Morris, J. D. Musgrave, B. Nagano, K. Namsoo, T. Nania, R. Nicholass, D. Nigro, A. Ning, Y. Noor, U. Notz, D. Nowak, R. J. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Oh, B. Y. Okazaki, N. Oliver, K. Olkiewicz, K. Onishchuk, Yu. Ota, O. Papageorgiu, K. Parenti, A. Paul, E. Pawlak, J. M. Pawlik, B. Pelfer, P. G. Pellegrino, A. Perlanski, W. Perrey, H. Piotrzkowski, K. Plucinski, P. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Polini, A. Proskuryakov, A. S. Przybycien, M. Raval, A. Reeder, D. D. Reisert, B. Ren, Z. Repond, J. Ri, Y. D. Robertson, A. Roloff, P. Ron, E. Rubinsky, I. Ruspa, M. Sacchi, R. Salii, A. Samson, U. Sartorelli, G. Savin, A. A. Saxon, D. H. Schioppa, M. Schlenstedt, S. Schleper, P. Schmidke, W. B. Schneekloth, U. Schoenberg, V. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Schwartz, J. Sciulli, F. Shcheglova, L. M. Shehzadi, R. Shimizu, S. Singh, I. Skillicorn, I. O. Slominski, W. Smith, W. H. Sola, V. Solano, A. Son, D. Sosnovtsev, V. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stanco, L. Stern, A. Stewart, T. P. Stifutkin, A. Stopa, P. Suchkov, S. Susinno, G. Suszycki, L. Sztuk, J. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Tapper, A. D. Tassi, E. Terron, J. Theedt, T. Tiecke, H. Tokushuku, K. Tomalak, O. Tomaszewska, J. Tsurugai, T. Turcato, M. Tymieniecka, T. Uribe-Estrada, C. Vazquez, M. Verbytskyi, A. Viazlo, V. Vlasov, N. N. Volynets, O. Walczak, R. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Whitmore, J. J. Whyte, J. Wiggers, L. Wing, M. Wlasenko, M. Wolf, G. Wolfe, H. Wrona, K. Yaguees-Molina, A. G. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Yoshida, R. Youngman, C. Zarnecki, A. F. Zawiejski, L. Zenaiev, O. Zeuner, W. Zhautykov, B. O. Zhmak, N. Zhou, C. Zichichi, A. Zolko, M. Zotkin, D. S. Zulkapli, Z. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of beauty production in DIS and F-2(b(b)over-bar) extraction at ZEUS SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; BOTTOM-QUARK PRODUCTION; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; H1 VERTEX DETECTOR; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ROOT S=1.8 TEV; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; BARREL CALORIMETER AB Beauty production in deep inelastic scattering with events in which a muon and a jet are observed in the final state has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 114 pb(-1). The fraction of events with beauty quarks in the data was determined using the distribution of the transverse momentum of the muon relative to the jet. The cross section for beauty production was measured in the kinematic range of photon virtuality, Q (2)> 2 GeV2, and inelasticity, 0.05 < y < 0.7, with the requirement of a muon and a jet. Total and differential cross sections are presented and compared to QCD predictions. The beauty contribution to the structure function F (2) was extracted and is compared to theoretical predictions. C1 [Abramowicz, H.; Ingbir, R.; Kananov, S.; Levy, A.; Stern, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Nicholass, D.; Repond, J.; Yoshida, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mattingly, M. C. K.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Antonelli, S.; Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Basile, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Bindi, M.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Contin, A.; Corradi, M.; De Pasquale, S.; Iacobucci, G.; Margotti, A.; Nania, R.; Polini, A.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bartsch, D.; Brock, I.; Hartmann, H.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H. -P.; Juengst, M.; Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E.; Paul, E.; Samson, U.; Schoenberg, V.; Shehzadi, R.; Wlasenko, M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Morris, J. D.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Aggarwal, R.; Kaur, M.; Kaur, P.; Singh, I.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] INFN, Cosenza, Italy. [Kim, J. Y.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Universe & Elementary Particles, Kwangju, South Korea. [Ibrahim, Z. A.; Kamaluddin, B.; Idris, F. Mohamad; Abdullah, W. A. T. 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EM tobias.haas@desy.de RI Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Katkov, Igor/E-2627-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Katkov, Igor/0000-0003-3064-0466; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520 FU US Department of Energy; Italian National Institute; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; Malaysian government; US National Science Foundation; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [DPN/N188/DESY/2009]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); Korean Ministry of Education; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation; FNRS; IISN; FRIA; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); RF Presidential grant [N 1456.2008.2]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science; Netherlands Foundation for Research on Matter (FOM); Israel Science Foundation; MINERVA Gesellschaft fur Forschung GmbH; Israel Science Foundation [293/02-11.2]; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation FX Supported by the US Department of Energy.; Supported by the Italian National Institute; Supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK.; Supported by an FRGS grant from the Malaysian government.; Supported by the US National Science Foundation. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.; Supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education as a scientific project No. DPN/N188/DESY/2009.; Supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education as a scientific project (2009-2010).; Supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and its grants for Scientific Research.; Supported by the Korean Ministry of Education and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation.; Supported by FNRS and its associated funds (IISN and FRIA) and by an Inter-University Attraction Poles Programme subsidised by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office.; Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through funds provided by CICYT.; Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).; Partially supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF).; Supported by RF Presidential grant N 1456.2008.2 for the leading scientific schools and by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science through its grant for Scientific Research on High Energy Physics.; Supported by the Netherlands Foundation for Research on Matter (FOM). Supported by the Israel Science Foundation. Supported in part by the MINERVA Gesellschaft fur Forschung GmbH, the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 293/02-11.2) and the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation. NR 81 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 2010 VL 69 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1423-2 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669PD UT WOS:000283361800002 ER PT J AU Abbasi, R Abdou, Y Abu-Zayyad, T Adams, J Aguilar, JA Ahlers, M Andeen, K Auffenberg, J Bai, X Baker, M Barwick, SW Bay, R Alba, JLB Beattie, K Beatty, JJ Bechet, S Becker, JK Becker, KH Benabderrahmane, ML BenZvi, S Berdermann, J Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Besson, DZ Bissok, M Blaufuss, E Boersma, DJ Bohm, C Boser, S Botner, O Bradley, L Braun, J Buitink, S Carson, M Chirkin, D Christy, B Clem, J Clevermann, F Cohen, S Colnard, C Cowen, DF D'Agostino, MV Danninger, M Davis, JC De Clercq, C Demirors, L Depaepe, O Descamps, F Desiati, P de Vries-Uiterweerd, G DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, JC Dierckxsens, M Dreyer, J Dumm, JP Duvoort, MR Ehrlich, R Eisch, J Ellsworth, RW Engdegard, O Euler, S Evenson, PA Fadiran, O Fazely, AR Feusels, T Filimonov, K Finley, C Foerster, MM Fox, BD Franckowiak, A Franke, R Gaisser, TK Gallagher, J Geisler, M Gerhardt, L Gladstone, L Glusenkamp, T Goldschmidt, A Goodman, JA Grant, D Griesel, T Gross, A Grullon, S Gurtner, M Ha, C Hallgren, A Halzen, F Han, K Hanson, K Helbing, K Herquet, P Hickford, S Hill, GC Hoffman, KD Homeier, A Hoshina, K Hubert, D Huelsnitz, W Hulss, JP Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hussain, S Ishihara, A Jacobsen, J Japaridze, GS Johansson, H Joseph, JM Kampert, KH Karg, T Karle, A Kelley, JL Kemming, N Kenny, P Kiryluk, J Kislat, F Klein, SR Knops, S Kohne, JH Kohnen, G Kolanoski, H Kopke, L Koskinen, DJ Kowalski, M Kowarik, T Krasberg, M Krings, T Kroll, G Kuehn, K Kuwabara, T Labare, M Lafebre, S Laihem, K Landsman, H Lauer, R Lehmann, R Lennarz, D Lunemann, J Madsen, J Majumdar, P Marotta, A Maruyama, R Mase, K Matis, HS Matusik, M Meagher, K Merck, M Meszaros, P Meures, T Middell, E Milke, N Miller, J Montaruli, T Morse, R Movit, SM Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Naumann, U Niessen, P Nygren, DR Odrowski, S Olivas, A Olivo, M O'Murchadha, A Ono, M Panknin, S Paul, L de los Heros, CP Petrovic, J Piegsa, A Pieloth, D Porrata, R Posselt, J Price, PB Prikockis, M Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Redl, P Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Rizzo, A Rodrigues, JP Roth, P Rothmaier, F Rott, C Roucelle, C Ruhe, T Rutledge, D Ruzybayev, B Ryckbosch, D Sander, HG Santander, M Sarkar, S Schatto, K Schlenstedt, S Schmidt, T Schukraft, A Schultes, A Schulz, O Schunck, M Seckel, D Semburg, B Seo, SH Sestayo, Y Seunarine, S Silvestri, A Slipak, A Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stephens, G Stezelberger, T Stokstad, RG Stoyanov, S Strahler, EA Straszheim, T Sullivan, GW Swillens, Q Taavola, H Taboada, I Tamburro, A Tarasova, O Tepe, A Ter-Antonyan, S Tilav, S Toale, PA Toscano, S Tosi, D Turcan, D van Eijndhoven, N Vandenbroucke, J Van Overloop, A van Santen, J Voge, M Voigt, B Walck, C Waldenmaier, T Wallraff, M Walter, M Weaver, C Wendt, C Westerhoff, S Whitehorn, N Wiebe, K Wiebusch, CH Wikstrom, G Williams, DR Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Wolf, M Woschnagg, K Xu, C Xu, XW Yodh, G Yoshida, S Zarzhitsky, P AF Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Abu-Zayyad, T. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. A. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, M. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Alba, J. L. Bazo Beattie, K. Beatty, J. J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. K. Becker, K. -H. Benabderrahmane, M. L. BenZvi, S. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Buitink, S. Carson, M. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Clevermann, F. Cohen, S. Colnard, C. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Danninger, M. Davis, J. C. De Clercq, C. Demiroers, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. de Vries-Uiterweerd, G. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. Dierckxsens, M. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. P. Duvoort, M. R. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. W. Engdegard, O. Euler, S. Evenson, P. A. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. R. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. M. Fox, B. D. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. K. Gallagher, J. Geisler, M. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, L. Gluesenkamp, T. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. A. Grant, D. Griesel, T. Gross, A. Grullon, S. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Helbing, K. Herquet, P. Hickford, S. Hill, G. C. Hoffman, K. D. Homeier, A. Hoshina, K. Hubert, D. Huelsnitz, W. Huelss, J. -P. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. Hussain, S. Ishihara, A. Jacobsen, J. Japaridze, G. S. Johansson, H. Joseph, J. M. Kampert, K. -H. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kelley, J. L. Kemming, N. Kenny, P. Kiryluk, J. Kislat, F. Klein, S. R. Knops, S. Koehne, J. -H. Kohnen, G. Kolanoski, H. Koepke, L. Koskinen, D. J. Kowalski, M. Kowarik, T. Krasberg, M. Krings, T. Kroll, G. Kuehn, K. Kuwabara, T. Labare, M. Lafebre, S. Laihem, K. Landsman, H. Lauer, R. Lehmann, R. Lennarz, D. Luenemann, J. Madsen, J. Majumdar, P. Marotta, A. Maruyama, R. Mase, K. Matis, H. S. Matusik, M. Meagher, K. Merck, M. Meszaros, P. Meures, T. Middell, E. Milke, N. Miller, J. Montaruli, T. Morse, R. Movit, S. M. Nahnhauer, R. Nam, J. W. Naumann, U. Niessen, P. Nygren, D. R. Odrowski, S. Olivas, A. Olivo, M. O'Murchadha, A. Ono, M. Panknin, S. Paul, L. de los Heros, C. Perez Petrovic, J. Piegsa, A. Pieloth, D. Porrata, R. Posselt, J. Price, P. B. Prikockis, M. Przybylski, G. T. Rawlins, K. Redl, P. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Ribordy, M. Rizzo, A. Rodrigues, J. P. Roth, P. Rothmaier, F. Rott, C. Roucelle, C. Ruhe, T. Rutledge, D. Ruzybayev, B. Ryckbosch, D. Sander, H. -G. Santander, M. Sarkar, S. Schatto, K. Schlenstedt, S. Schmidt, T. Schukraft, A. Schultes, A. Schulz, O. Schunck, M. Seckel, D. Semburg, B. Seo, S. H. Sestayo, Y. Seunarine, S. Silvestri, A. Slipak, A. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Stephens, G. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoyanov, S. Strahler, E. A. Straszheim, T. Sullivan, G. W. Swillens, Q. Taavola, H. Taboada, I. Tamburro, A. Tarasova, O. Tepe, A. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, S. Toale, P. A. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Turcan, D. van Eijndhoven, N. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Overloop, A. van Santen, J. Voge, M. Voigt, B. Walck, C. Waldenmaier, T. Wallraff, M. Walter, M. Weaver, Ch. Wendt, C. Westerhoff, S. Whitehorn, N. Wiebe, K. Wiebusch, C. H. Wikstrom, G. Williams, D. R. Wischnewski, R. Wissing, H. Wolf, M. Woschnagg, K. Xu, C. Xu, X. W. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. Zarzhitsky, P. CA IceCube Collaboration TI Search for relativistic magnetic monopoles with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; DETECTORS; SELECTION; LIMITS; FIELD; MODEL; DEEP; FLUX; ICE AB We present the search for Cherenkov signatures from relativistic magnetic monopoles in data taken with the AMANDA-II detector, a neutrino telescope deployed in the Antarctic ice cap at the Geographic South Pole. The non-observation of a monopole signal in data collected during the year 2000 improves present experimental limits on the flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles: Our flux limit varies between 3.8x10(-17) cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) (for monopoles moving at the vacuum speed of light) and 8.8x10(-16) cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) (for monopoles moving at a speed beta=v/c=0.76, just above the Cherenkov threshold in ice). These limits apply to monopoles that are energetic enough to penetrate the Earth and enter the detector from below the horizon. The limit obtained for monopoles reaching the detector from above the horizon is less stringent by roughly an order of magnitude, due to the much larger background from down-going atmospheric muons. This looser limit is however valid for a larger class of magnetic monopoles, since the monopoles are not required to pass through the Earth. C1 [Abbasi, R.; Aguilar, J. A.; Andeen, K.; Baker, M.; BenZvi, S.; Berghaus, P.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Dumm, J. P.; Eisch, J.; Gladstone, L.; Grullon, S.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hill, G. C.; Hoshina, K.; Jacobsen, J.; Karle, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Krasberg, M.; Landsman, H.; Maruyama, R.; Merck, M.; Montaruli, T.; Morse, R.; O'Murchadha, A.; Rodrigues, J. P.; Santander, M.; Toscano, S.; van Santen, J.; Weaver, Ch.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Whitehorn, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abdou, Y.; Carson, M.; Descamps, F.; de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.; Feusels, T.; Ryckbosch, D.; Van Overloop, A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Abu-Zayyad, T.; Madsen, J.; Spiczak, G. M.; Tamburro, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. [Adams, J.; Gross, A.; Han, K.; Hickford, S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahlers, M.; Sarkar, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Auffenberg, J.; Becker, K. -H.; Gurtner, M.; Helbing, K.; Kampert, K. -H.; Karg, T.; Matusik, M.; Naumann, U.; Posselt, J.; Schultes, A.; Semburg, B.] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [Bai, X.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Niessen, P.; Ruzybayev, B.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.; Xu, C.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bai, X.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Niessen, P.; Ruzybayev, B.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.; Xu, C.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Barwick, S. W.; Nam, J. W.; Silvestri, A.; Yodh, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bay, R.; D'Agostino, M. V.; Filimonov, K.; Gerhardt, L.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Porrata, R.; Price, P. B.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Woschnagg, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alba, J. L. Bazo; Benabderrahmane, M. L.; Berdermann, J.; Bernardini, E.; Franke, R.; Kislat, F.; Lauer, R.; Majumdar, P.; Middell, E.; Nahnhauer, R.; Schlenstedt, S.; Spiering, C.; Tarasova, O.; Tosi, D.; Voigt, B.; Walter, M.; Wischnewski, R.] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. [Beattie, K.; Buitink, S.; Gerhardt, L.; Goldschmidt, A.; Joseph, J. M.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Matis, H. S.; Nygren, D. R.; Przybylski, G. T.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Davis, J. C.; Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.; Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Davis, J. C.; Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.; Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, J. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bechet, S.; Bertrand, D.; Dierckxsens, M.; Hanson, K.; Labare, M.; Marotta, A.; Petrovic, J.; Swillens, Q.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Becker, J. K.; Dreyer, J.; Olivo, M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Christy, B.; Ehrlich, R.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Goodman, J. A.; Hoffman, K. D.; Huelsnitz, W.; Meagher, K.; Olivas, A.; Redl, P.; Roth, P.; Schmidt, T.; Straszheim, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Turcan, D.; Wissing, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Besson, D. Z.; Kenny, P.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bissok, M.; Boersma, D. J.; Euler, S.; Geisler, M.; Gluesenkamp, T.; Huelss, J. -P.; Knops, S.; Krings, T.; Laihem, K.; Lennarz, D.; Meures, T.; Paul, L.; Schukraft, A.; Schunck, M.; Wallraff, M.; Wiebusch, C. H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Bohm, C.; Danninger, M.; Finley, C.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Johansson, H.; Seo, S. H.; Walck, C.; Wikstrom, G.] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bohm, C.; Danninger, M.; Finley, C.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Johansson, H.; Seo, S. H.; Walck, C.; Wikstrom, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Boeser, S.; Franckowiak, A.; Homeier, A.; Kowalski, M.; Panknin, S.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Botner, O.; Engdegard, O.; Hallgren, A.; Miller, J.; Olivo, M.; de los Heros, C. Perez; Taavola, H.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bradley, L.; Cowen, D. F.; DeYoung, T.; Foerster, M. M.; Fox, B. D.; Ha, C.; Koskinen, D. J.; Lafebre, S.; Meszaros, P.; Prikockis, M.; Rutledge, D.; Slipak, A.; Stephens, G.; Toale, P. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Clevermann, F.; Koehne, J. -H.; Milke, N.; Pieloth, D.; Rhode, W.; Ruhe, T.] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Cohen, S.; Demiroers, L.; Ribordy, M.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab High Energy Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Colnard, C.; Gross, A.; Odrowski, S.; Resconi, E.; Roucelle, C.; Schulz, O.; Sestayo, Y.; Voge, M.; Wolf, M.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany. [Cowen, D. F.; Meszaros, P.; Movit, S. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [De Clercq, C.; Depaepe, O.; Hubert, D.; Rizzo, A.; Strahler, E. A.; van Eijndhoven, N.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Duvoort, M. R.] Utrecht Univ SRON, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Fadiran, O.; Japaridze, G. S.] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Fazely, A. R.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Xu, X. W.] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Grant, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Griesel, T.; Koepke, L.; Kowarik, T.; Kroll, G.; Luenemann, J.; Piegsa, A.; Rothmaier, F.; Sander, H. -G.; Schatto, K.; Wiebe, K.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Herquet, P.; Kohnen, G.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Ishihara, A.; Mase, K.; Ono, M.; Yoshida, S.] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Kemming, N.; Kolanoski, H.; Lehmann, R.; Waldenmaier, T.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Montaruli, T.] Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Montaruli, T.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Rawlins, K.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Seunarine, S.] Univ W Indies, Dept Phys, Bridgetown 11000, Barbados. [Stamatikos, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Taboada, I.; Tepe, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Taboada, I.; Tepe, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Williams, D. R.; Zarzhitsky, P.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Abbasi, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hwissing@icecube.umd.edu RI Aguilar Sanchez, Juan Antonio/H-4467-2015; Taavola, Henric/B-4497-2011; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Tamburro, Alessio/A-5703-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Auffenberg, Jan/D-3954-2014; Koskinen, David/G-3236-2014; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011 OI Actis, Oxana/0000-0001-8851-3983; Ter-Antonyan, Samvel/0000-0002-5788-1369; Schukraft, Anne/0000-0002-9112-5479; Aguilar Sanchez, Juan Antonio/0000-0003-2252-9514; Taavola, Henric/0000-0002-2604-2810; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Auffenberg, Jan/0000-0002-1185-9094; Koskinen, David/0000-0002-0514-5917; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952 FU US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs; US National Science Foundation-Physics Division; University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; US Department of Energy; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB-676]; Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO); FWO; Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; EU; Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil FX We acknowledge the support from the following agencies: US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, US National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, US Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) SFB-676, Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; A. Gross acknowledges support by the EU Marie Curie OIF Program; J.P. Rodrigues acknowledges support by the Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 2010 VL 69 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 378 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1411-6 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669PD UT WOS:000283361800003 ER PT J AU Antonelli, M Cirigliano, V Isidori, G Mescia, F Moulson, M Neufeld, H Passemar, E Palutan, M Sciascia, B Sozzi, M Wanke, R Yushchenko, OP AF Antonelli, M. Cirigliano, V. Isidori, G. Mescia, F. Moulson, M. Neufeld, H. Passemar, E. Palutan, M. Sciascia, B. Sozzi, M. Wanke, R. Yushchenko, O. P. CA FlaviaNet Working Grp Kaon Decay TI An evaluation of broken vertical bar V-us broken vertical bar and precise tests of the Standard Model from world data on leptonic and semileptonic kaon decays SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; KLOE DETECTOR; BRANCHING RATIO; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; FORM-FACTORS; CP-VIOLATION; LOW-ENERGY; K-S; LIFETIME; PHYSICS AB We present a global analysis of leptonic and semileptonic kaon decay data, including all recent results published by the BNL-E865, KLOE, KTeV, ISTRA+ and NA48 experiments. This analysis, in conjunction with precise lattice calculations of the hadronic matrix elements now available, leads to a very precise determination of broken vertical bar V-us broken vertical bar and allows us to perform several stringent tests of the Standard Model. C1 [Antonelli, M.; Isidori, G.; Moulson, M.; Palutan, M.; Sciascia, B.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. [Mescia, F.] Univ Barcelona, Dep ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Mescia, F.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Cirigliano, V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wanke, R.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Sozzi, M.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Sozzi, M.] Sez INFN Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Yushchenko, O. P.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Russia. [Passemar, E.] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, IFIC, CSIC, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Neufeld, H.] Univ Vienna, Fak Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Antonelli, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, POB 13, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. EM Matthew.Moulson@lnf.infn.it RI Sozzi, Marco/H-1674-2011; Mescia, Federico/B-9036-2014 OI Sozzi, Marco/0000-0002-2923-1465; Mescia, Federico/0000-0003-3582-2162 FU European Union [MTRN-CT-2006-035482]; MEC (Spain) [FPA2007-60323]; Spanish Consolider-Ingenio [CSD2007-00042]; German Excellence Initiative; [FPA2007-66665]; [2009SGR502] FX The authors thank P. Franzini and all other members of the FlaviaNet Kaon Working Group, as well as V. Lubicz and A. Juttner of the FlaviaNet Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG), for useful discussion, comments, and suggestions. This work is supported by the European Union Sixth Framework Programme under contract MTRN-CT-2006-035482, FlaviaNet. E. P. acknowledges financial support from MEC (Spain) under grant FPA2007-60323. F.M. acknowledges financial support from projects FPA2007-66665, 2009SGR502. E.P. and F.M. acknowledge support from the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN (CSD2007-00042). G.I. acknowledges support from the Technische Universitat Munchen - Institute for Advanced Study, funded by the German Excellence Initiative. NR 143 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 2010 VL 69 IS 3-4 BP 399 EP 424 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1406-3 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 669PD UT WOS:000283361800005 ER PT J AU Bhange, DS Dejoie, C Porcher, F Malikova, N Martinetto, P Dooryhee, E Anne, M AF Bhange, D. S. Dejoie, C. Porcher, F. Malikova, N. Martinetto, P. Dooryhee, E. Anne, M. TI Dynamic study of N ' N-dimethylparanitroaniline encapsulated in silicalite-1 matrix using neutron spin-echo spectroscopy SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITE-L; SCATTERING; DIFFUSION AB The present work focuses on the dynamic studies of N'N-dimethyl-paranitroaniline (dmpNA) encapsulated in silicalite zeolite. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments are carried out using neutron spin-echo technique. Polarisation of the scattered neutron beam is measured at carefully chosen values of Q = 0.35, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.45 angstrom(-1) at fixed T = 298K and at fixed Q = 0.9 angstrom(-1) at 150, 200, 250 and 298 K. This gives insight into the motion and the related activation energy of the guest dmpNA molecule. The quasielastic signal observed in the present system within the time range considered is due to fast local rotational motions of protons of the end methyl groups. The results are in good agreement with the dynamics of methyl group rotations reported in the literature by back-scattering QENS technique. C1 [Bhange, D. S.; Dejoie, C.; Martinetto, P.; Dooryhee, E.; Anne, M.] CNRS UJF, Inst Neel, UPR 2940, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. [Bhange, D. S.] Natl Chem Lab, Catalysis Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Porcher, F.; Malikova, N.] CEA CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Porcher, F.] Univ Nancy, CNRS, UMR 7036, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Dooryhee, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bhange, DS (reprint author), CNRS UJF, Inst Neel, UPR 2940, 25 Ave Martyrs,BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. EM michel.anne@grenoble.cnrs.fr RI dooryhee, eric/D-6815-2013 FU CNRS FX We thank Dr. Lambert van Eijck (ILL) for performing preliminary tests on this system and for his assistance on the IN16 instrument. This work has been supported by a post-doctoral research grant funded by the CNRS. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 189 IS 1 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2010-01333-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 678SQ UT WOS:000284101100028 ER PT J AU Grafe, HJ Curro, NJ Young, BL Vyalikh, A Vavilova, J Gu, GD Hucker, M Buchner, B AF Grafe, H. -J. Curro, N. J. Young, B. L. Vyalikh, A. Vavilova, J. Gu, G. D. Huecker, M. Buechner, B. TI Charge order and low frequency spin dynamics in lanthanum cuprates revealed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; PHASE-DIAGRAM; STRIPE ORDER; LA1.65EU0.2SR0.15CUO4; LA2-XSRXCUO4; YBA2CU3O7; STATE; O-17; NQR AB We report detailed O-17, La-139, and Cu-63,Cu-65 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) measurements in a stripe ordered La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 single crystal and in oriented powder samples of La1.8-x Eu0.2Sr (x) CuO4. We observe a partial wipeout of the O-17 NMR intensity and a simultaneous drop of the O-17 electric field gradient (EFG) at low temperatures where the spin stripe order sets in. In contrast, the Cu-63,Cu-65 intensity is completely wiped out at the same temperature. The drop of the O-17 quadrupole frequency is compatible with a charge stripe order. The O-17 spin lattice relaxation rate shows a peak similar to that of the La-139, which is of magnetic origin. This peak is doping dependent and is maximal at x a parts per thousand 1/8. C1 [Grafe, H. -J.; Vyalikh, A.; Vavilova, J.; Buechner, B.] IFW Dresden, Inst Solid State Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Curro, N. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Young, B. L.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Gu, G. D.; Huecker, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Vavilova, J.] Kazan Zavoiskiy Phys Tech Inst, Kazan, Russia. RP Grafe, HJ (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Inst Solid State Res, POB 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RI Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009; OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680; Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237; Vavilova, Evgeniya/0000-0003-2579-0777 FU DFG [FOR 538, BU887/4, 436 RUS 113/936/0-1]; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; RFBR [08-02-91952-NNIO, 07-02-01184-a]; I2CAM [NSC 96-2112-M-009-018-MY2] FX We thank J. Haase for helpful discussions. This work has been supported by the DFG through FOR 538 (Grant No. BU887/4). The work at Brookhaven was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. E. V. acknowledges support from the RFBR grants 08-02-91952-NNIO a and 07-02-01184-a. The German-Russian cooperation project of the DFG (grant No. 436 RUS 113/936/0-1) is acknowledged. B. Y. acknowledges support from I2CAM and NSC 96-2112-M-009-018-MY2. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 188 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2010-01299-6 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 669PF UT WOS:000283362000008 ER PT J AU Frank, JH Kaiser, SA AF Frank, Jonathan H. Kaiser, Sebastian A. TI High-resolution imaging of turbulence structures in jet flames and non-reacting jets with laser Rayleigh scattering SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FINE-SCALE STRUCTURE; SHEAR FLOWS; NEAR-FIELD; DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURES; PASSIVE SCALARS; DIFFUSION FLAME; GRADIENT AB A comparative study of the length scales and morphology of dissipation fields in turbulent jet flames and non-reacting jets provides a quantitative analysis of the effects of heat release on the fine-scale structure of turbulent mixing. Planar laser Rayleigh scattering is used for highly resolved measurements of the thermal and scalar dissipation in the near fields of CH(4)/H(2)/N(2) jet flames (Re (d) = 15,200 and 22,800) and non-reacting propane jets (Re (d) = 7,200-21,700), respectively. Heat release increases the dissipation cutoff length scales in the reaction zone of the flames such that they are significantly larger than the cutoff scales of non-reacting jets with comparable jet exit Reynolds numbers. Fine-scale anisotropy is enhanced in the reaction zone. At x/d = 10, the peaks of the dissipation angle PDFs in the Re (d) = 15,200 and 22,800 jet flames exceed those of non-reacting jets with corresponding jet exit Reynolds numbers by factors of 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. Heat release significantly reduces the dissipation layer curvature in the reaction zone and in the low-temperature periphery of the jet flames. These results suggest that the reaction zone shields the outer regions of the jet flame from the highly turbulent flow closer to the jet axis. C1 [Frank, Jonathan H.; Kaiser, Sebastian A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jhfrank@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94P-AL85000] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94P-AL85000. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 823 EP 837 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0931-z PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 655BE UT WOS:000282215500008 ER PT J AU Tan, KM Tesar, C Wilton, R Keigher, L Babnigg, G Joachimiak, A AF Tan, Kemin Tesar, Christine Wilton, Rosemarie Keigher, Laura Babnigg, Gyorgy Joachimiak, Andrzej TI Novel alpha-glucosidase from human gut microbiome: substrate specificities and their switch SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE substrate selection and switch; glycoside hydrolase; GH31 family; isomannose binding; carbohydrate metabolism ID MALTASE-GLUCOAMYLASE; DIVERSITY; HEALTH; GENE; METAGENOMICS; RECOGNITION; ISOMALTASE; HYDROLASES; INTESTINE; SUBUNIT AB The human intestine harbors a large number of microbes forming a complex microbial community that greatly affects the physiology and pathology of the host. In the human gut microbiome, the enrichment in certain protein gene families appears to be widespread. They include enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism such as glucoside hydrolases of dietary polysaccharides and glycoconjugates. We report the crystal structures (wild type, 2 mutants, and a mutant/substrate complex) and the enzymatic activity of a recombinant alpha-glucosidase from human gut bacterium Ruminococcus obeum. The first ever protein structures from this bacterium reveal a structural homologue to human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase with a highly conserved catalytic domain and reduced auxiliary domains. The alpha-glucosidase, a member of GH31 family, shows substrate preference for alpha(1-6) over alpha(1-4) glycosidic linkages and produces glucose from isomaltose as well as maltose. The preference can be switched by a single mutation at its active site, suggestive of widespread adaptation to utilization of a variety of polysaccharides by intestinal micro-organisms as energy resources.-Tan, K., Tesar, C., Wilton, R., Keigher, L., Babnigg, G., Joachimiak, A. Novel alpha-glucosidase from human gut microbiome: substrate specificities and their switch. FASEB J. 24, 3939-3949 (2010). www.fasebj.org C1 [Tan, Kemin; Tesar, Christine; Wilton, Rosemarie; Keigher, Laura; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom & Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom & Struct Biol Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM andrzejj@anl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [GM074942]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank members of the Structural Biology Center at Argonne National Laboratory for their help with data collection at the 19-ID beamline. The authors also thank Lindsey Butler for help in the preparation of this manuscript. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM074942 and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The atomic coordinates and structural factors of the wild-type Ro-aG1, D73A, and D307 mutants and D307/isomaltose complex have been deposited in the PDB databank under accession codes 3N04, 3M46, 3M6D, and 3MKK, respectively. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 10 BP 3939 EP 3949 DI 10.1096/fj.10-156257 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 690LI UT WOS:000285005900031 PM 20581222 ER PT J AU N'Guessan, AL Moon, HS Peacock, AD Tan, H Sinha, M Long, PE Jaffe, PR AF N'Guessan, Adeola Lucie Moon, Hee Sun Peacock, Aaron D. Tan, Hui Sinha, Malavika Long, Philip E. Jaffe, Peter R. TI Postbiostimulation microbial community structure changes that control the reoxidation of uranium SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE postbiostimulation; uranium; reoxidation; biomass turnover; iron-oxidizing bacteria; sulfide-oxidizing bacteria ID CONTAMINATED AQUIFER SEDIMENTS; DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION; SULFATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS; IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; THIOBACILLUS-DENITRIFICANS; SP-NOV.; FIELD-SCALE; OXIDATION; BIOREMEDIATION; BACTERIA AB This study evaluated the influence of changes in the microbial community structure on reoxidation of reduced uranium during a postbiostimulation period. Effluent groundwater from acetate-stimulated sediment flow-through columns was analyzed over 60 days after acetate amendment was discontinued. Only a small reoxidation of iron or uranium (17%) occurred in the presence of 1-2 mg L-1 O(2) influent groundwater for the 2-month period. Most uranium reoxidation occurred during the first 2 weeks after biostimulation with acetate was discontinued. Groundwater and sediment microbial community compositions suggested that two processes played important roles immediately after the cessation of acetate addition. The first process was characterized by a predominance of both sediment-bound and planktonic microorganisms most closely related to Hydrogenophaga sp., Thiobacillus sp., and Gallionella sp., which could oxidize a variety of reduced compounds. The second process was characterized by organisms closely related to Lysobacter sp. and Sterolibacterium sp., with the potential to feed on complex organic compounds from biomass turnover. The presence of these bacteria and the lack of uranium oxidation implied that after acetate addition was stopped, reduced inorganic compounds and dead biomass became electron donors for a microbial community capable of using low ambient oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, contributing to the preservation, at least temporarily, of biogenic U(IV). C1 [Moon, Hee Sun; Tan, Hui; Jaffe, Peter R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [N'Guessan, Adeola Lucie; Sinha, Malavika; Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Peacock, Aaron D.] Microbial Insights, Rockford, TN USA. RP Jaffe, PR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jaffe@princeton.edu RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682 FU Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP); Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER); US Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [51882]; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University FX This research was funded by the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), US Department of Energy (DOE), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Project 51882 'The Rifle, Colorado Integrated Field Research Challenge Site (IFRC)'. Financial support for this research was also provided by Brain Korea 21 Project (through the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) in 2009. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 184 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00933.x PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 647SH UT WOS:000281638900018 PM 20707815 ER PT J AU Field, JP Belnap, J Breshears, DD Neff, JC Okin, GS Whicker, JJ Painter, TH Ravi, S Reheis, MC Reynolds, RL AF Field, Jason P. Belnap, Jayne Breshears, David D. Neff, Jason C. Okin, Gregory S. Whicker, Jeffrey J. Painter, Thomas H. Ravi, Sujith Reheis, Marith C. Reynolds, Richard L. TI The ecology of dust SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID WIND EROSION; DESERT GRASSLAND; GLOBAL DESERTIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; SOIL; USA; PARTICLES; NUTRIENTS; CLIMATE; CONSEQUENCES AB Wind erosion and associated dust emissions play a fundamental role in many ecological processes and provide important biogeochemical connectivity at scales ranging from individual plants up to the entire globe. Yet, most ecological studies do not explicitly consider dust-driven processes, perhaps because most relevant research on aeolian (wind-driven) processes has been presented in a geosciences rather than an ecological context. To bridge this disciplinary gap, we provide a general overview of the ecological importance of dust, examine complex interactions between wind erosion and ecosystem dynamics from the scale of plants and surrounding space to regional and global scales, and highlight specific examples of how disturbance affects these interactions and their consequences. It is likely that changes in climate and intensification of land use will lead to increased dust production from many drylands. To address these issues, environmental scientists, land managers, and policy makers need to consider wind erosion and dust emissions more explicitly in resource management decisions. C1 [Field, Jason P.; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Whicker, Jeffrey J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Programs, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Snow Opt Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Ravi, Sujith] Univ Arizona, UA Biosphere 2, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ USA. [Reheis, Marith C.; Reynolds, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Field, JP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jpfield@email.arizona.edu RI Ravi, Sujith/C-3586-2008; Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; OI Ravi, Sujith/0000-0002-0425-9373; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537 FU US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) [2005-38420-15809]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0816162, DEB-0618210, DEB-0823205, EAR-072021]; US Geological Survey FX We thank KA Ferguson, DJ Law, CJ Perry, and SL Phillips for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES 2005-38420-15809), the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB-0816162, DEB-0618210, DEB-0823205, EAR-072021), and the Global Change Program of the US Geological Survey. NR 55 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 10 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 8 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1890/090050 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660PL UT WOS:000282655500015 ER PT J AU Fisher, BT Mueller, CJ AF Fisher, Brian T. Mueller, Charles J. TI Liquid penetration length of heptamethylnonane and trimethylpentane under unsteady in-cylinder conditions SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Liquid length; Fuel volatility; Heptamethylnonane; Trimethylpentane; Unsteady penetration ID DIESEL SPRAY BEHAVIOR; INTERNAL NOZZLE-FLOW; EVAPORATIVE CONDITIONS; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; FUEL-INJECTION; MODEL AB While strategies employing early or late direct-injection of fuel can improve emissions, they also can lead to impingement of liquid-phase fuel on the piston and/or cylinder wall due to low in-cylinder temperatures and densities during the injection event. Previous work has shown that liquid-phase fuel films formed in this way can lead to pronounced degradations in efficiency and emissions. To avoid these problems, a quantitative understanding of fuel-property effects on the liquid penetration length is needed, and this understanding must include conditions where in-cylinder thermodynamic conditions and the injection rate vary with time. This work reports liquid penetration lengths measured in an optical engine under such time-varying conditions. Diagnostics included laser light scattering for measurement of the liquid length and conventional pressure-data acquisition for heat-release analysis. Unsteady liquid penetration was characterized for different injection timings, injection pressures, intake-manifold pressures, and fuel volatilities to gain an understanding of the relative importance of these factors. Fuel volatility was studied by using two fuels, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP), which have very different volatility characteristics. Measured liquid lengths changed as in-cylinder conditions changed, with increasing temperature and density during the compression stroke causing a decrease in liquid length, and decreasing temperature and density during the expansion stroke causing an increase in liquid length. Intake-manifold pressure and fuel volatility were found to be primary factors governing liquid length. Heat loss from the charge gas to the engine and local charge cooling due to fuel vaporization were found to have a secondary influence on liquid length. Injection pressure was found to have little effect. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fisher, Brian T.; Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fisher, BT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM btfishe@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies. The authors thank program manager Kevin Stork for supporting this study. The research was conducted at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2010 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2673 EP 2696 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.04.024 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 623KD UT WOS:000279737500003 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, BWN Davis, JW Haasz, AA McLean, AG Stangeby, PC Allen, SL Ellis, R West, WP AF Fitzpatrick, B. W. N. Davis, J. W. Haasz, A. A. McLean, A. G. Stangeby, P. C. Allen, S. L. Ellis, R. West, W. P. TI ASSESSMENT OF COLLATERAL EFFECTS OF THERMO-OXIDATION ON DIII-D IN-VESSEL COMPONENTS IN PREPARATION FOR IN SITU OXIDATION IN DIII-D SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermo-oxidation; tritium removal; carbon codeposits ID C-D-LAYERS; DEUTERATED CARBON-FILMS; TOKAMAK CODEPOSITS; HYDROGEN RELEASE; D DIVERTOR; REMOVAL; EROSION; OXYGEN; TILES; DEPENDENCE AB Carbon-based codeposits formed in carbon-containing fusion devices have the potential to dominate tritium retention in the torus. One of the tritium removal techniques currently being studied is thermo-oxidation, which is unique in its ability to remove tritium from codeposits without mechanical intervention in the torus and in its ability to remove tritium from codeposits in tile gaps and shaded areas. In preparation for an oxidation experiment planned to be performed in DIII-D, we have investigated the potential collateral effects of thermo-oxidation on DIII-D in-vessel components. Laboratory oxidation experiments were performed at 2 Torr (similar to 270 Pa) and 15 Torr (similar to 2 kPa) O(2) pressure and temperatures in the range 100 to 350 degrees C (373 to 623 K) for 2 to 8 h. After oxidation, components were examined for visual or mechanical change, and when appropriate, mass changes were also obtained. In some cases, optical diagnostics were also performed. The specimens were mostly spare/surplus components and spanned a wide variety of materials and functions, e.g., cryopump components; structural, mechanical, and diagnostic components; and fast-wave antennas. The effect of oxidation was found to be negligible for nearly all DIII-D components and materials tested. C1 [Fitzpatrick, B. W. N.; Davis, J. W.; Haasz, A. A.; McLean, A. G.; Stangeby, P. C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Allen, S. L.; Ellis, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [West, W. P.] Gen Atom Fus Grp, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, BWN (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, 4925 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. EM tonyhaasz@utias.utoronto.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank P. Brodersen at Surface Interface Ontario, U of T, for microscope imaging and XPS analysis; S. McClain of the University of Arizona for performing optical diagnostics; and D. Wall of General Atomics for EDS analysis. The research performed at the U of T was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We express our thanks to C. Perez for his diligent work in commissioning the experimental facility. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 603 EP 612 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 660VI UT WOS:000282674200001 ER PT J AU Bruno, VM Wang, Z Marjani, SL Euskirchen, GM Martin, J Sherlock, G Snyder, M AF Bruno, Vincent M. Wang, Zhong Marjani, Sadie L. Euskirchen, Ghia M. Martin, Jeffrey Sherlock, Gavin Snyder, Michael TI Comprehensive annotation of the transcriptome of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans using RNA-seq SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITROSATIVE STRESS; GENE ONTOLOGY; VIRULENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; PATHWAYS; CELLS AB Candida albicans is the major invasive fungal pathogen of humans, causing diseases ranging from superficial mucosal infections to disseminated, systemic infections that are often lifethreatening. We have used massively parallel high-throughput sequencing of cDNA (RNA-seq) to generate a high-resolution map of the C. albicans transcriptome under several different environmental conditions. We have quantitatively determined all of the regions that are transcribed under these different conditions, and have identified 602 novel transcriptionally active regions (TARs) and numerous novel introns that are not represented in the current genome annotation. Interestingly, the expression of many of these TARs is regulated in a condition-specific manner. This comprehensive transcriptome analysis significantly enhances the current genome annotation of C. albicans, a necessary framework for a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis for this important eukaryotic pathogen. C1 [Euskirchen, Ghia M.; Sherlock, Gavin; Snyder, Michael] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bruno, Vincent M.; Snyder, Michael] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Wang, Zhong; Martin, Jeffrey] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Marjani, Sadie L.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Sherlock, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM vmb25@email.med.yale.edu; sherlock@genome.stanford.edu; mpsnyder@stanford.edu RI Wang, Zhong/E-7897-2011; Sherlock, Gavin/E-9110-2012; OI Sherlock, Gavin/0000-0002-1692-4983 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [F32GM087109]; NIAID at the NIH [R01AI077737] FX The part of work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S.L.M. is supported by a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (F32GM087109) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences; G.S. is supported by R01AI077737 from the NIAID at the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. NR 35 TC 107 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 15 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1458 DI 10.1101/gr.109553.110 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 656XS UT WOS:000282375000015 PM 20810668 ER PT J AU Fluegel, A AF Fluegel, Alexander TI Thermal expansion calculation for silicate glasses at 210 degrees C based on a systematic analysis of global databases SO GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A LA English DT Article ID OXIDE GLASSES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TIO2-GEO2 GLASSES; PHASE-SEPARATION; TIO2-SIO2; COEFFICIENT; PREDICTION; DENSITY; MELTS AB Thermal expansion data for more than 5500 compositions of silicate glasses were analyzed statistically. These data were gathered from the scientific literature, summarized in SciGlass (R) 6.5. The analysis resulted in a data reduction from 5500 glasses to a core of 900, where the majority of the published values are located within commercial glass composition ranges and obtained over the temperature range 20 to 500 degrees C. A multiple regression model for the linear thermal expansivity at 210 degrees C, including error formula and detailed application limits, was developed based on those 900 core data from over 100 publications. The accuracy of the model predictions is improved by about a factor of two compared to previous work because systematic errors from certain laboratories were investigated and corrected. The standard model error was 0.37 ppm/K, with R-2=0.985. The 95% confidence interval of predictions for a glass in mass production largely depends on the glass composition of interest and the composition uncertainty. The model is valid for commercial silicate glasses containing Na2O, CaO, Al2O3, K2O, MgO, B2O3, Li2O, BaO, ZrO2, TiO2, ZnO, PbO, SrO, Fe2O3, CeO2, fining agents, and colouring and decolouring components. In addition, a special model for ultra-low expansion glasses in the system SiO2-TiO2 is presented. C1 [Fluegel, Alexander] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fluegel, A (reprint author), European Patent Off, NL-2288 EE Rijswijk, Netherlands. EM fluegel@gmx.com NR 118 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC GLASS TECHNOLOGY PI SHEFFIELD PA UNIT 9, TWELVE O CLOCK COURT, 21 ATTERCLIFFE RD, SHEFFIELD S4 7WW, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1753-3546 J9 GLASS TECHNOL-PART A JI Glass Technol.-Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. Part A PD OCT PY 2010 VL 51 IS 5 BP 191 EP 201 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 696IG UT WOS:000285434500002 ER PT J AU Kardol, P Campany, CE Souza, L Norby, RJ Weltzin, JF Classen, AT AF Kardol, Paul Campany, Courtney E. Souza, Lara Norby, Richard J. Weltzin, Jake F. Classen, Aimee T. TI Climate change effects on plant biomass alter dominance patterns and community evenness in an experimental old-field ecosystem SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community composition; diversity; drought; elevated [CO(2)]; Lespedeza cuneata; old-fields; precipitation; soil moisture; temperature; warming ID GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; ELEVATED AIR-TEMPERATURE; CO2 ENRICHMENT; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SPECIES RICHNESS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL-MOISTURE; CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; WATER AVAILABILITY AB Atmospheric and climatic change can alter plant biomass production and plant community composition. However, we know little about how climate change-induced alterations in biomass production affect plant species composition. To better understand how climate change will alter both individual plant species and community biomass, we manipulated atmospheric [CO(2)], air temperature, and precipitation in a constructed old-field ecosystem. Specifically, we compared the responses of dominant and subdominant species to our climatic treatments, and explored how changes in plant dominance patterns alter community evenness over 2 years. Our study resulted in four major findings: (1) all treatments, elevated [CO(2)], warming, and increased precipitation increased plant community biomass and the effects were additive rather than interactive, (2) plant species differed in their response to the treatments, resulting in shifts in the proportional biomass of individual species, which altered the plant community composition; however, the plant community response was largely driven by the positive precipitation response of Lespedeza, the most dominant species in the community, (3) precipitation explained most of the variation in plant community composition among treatments, and (4) changes in precipitation caused a shift in the dominant species proportional biomass that resulted in lower community evenness in the wet relative to dry treatments. Interestingly, compositional and evenness responses of the subdominant community to the treatments did not always follow the responses of the whole plant community. Our data suggest that changes in plant dominance patterns and community evenness are an important part of community responses to climatic change, and generally, that such compositional shifts can alter ecosystem biomass production and nutrient inputs. C1 [Kardol, Paul; Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kardol, Paul; Campany, Courtney E.; Souza, Lara; Weltzin, Jake F.; Classen, Aimee T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] USA, Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kardol, P (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM Paul.Kardol@seksko.slu.se RI Kardol, Paul/A-2600-2010; Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Kardol, Paul/N-8383-2015 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Kardol, Paul/0000-0001-7065-3435 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Program for Ecosystem Research with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-02ER63366] FX E. Austin, J. Bevans, G. Byrd, C. Garten, H. Castro, D. Brice, J. Childs, S. Childs, O. Dermody, C. Engel, E. Felker-Quinn, E. Ferguson, M.-A. de Graaff, D. Hui, C. Iversen, G. Jimenez, Z. Kiershmann, O. Mnzawa, W. N. Reynolds, K. Rula, K. Sides, and J. Warren all assisted with long days of sample collection. P. Allen was pivotal in setting up the experiment. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Program for Ecosystem Research under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, L. L. C., and through grant DE-FG02-02ER63366 to the University of Tennessee. NR 78 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 7 U2 121 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2676 EP 2687 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648FV UT WOS:000281676700004 ER PT J AU Pendall, E Schwendenmann, L Rahn, T Miller, JB Tans, PP White, JWC AF Pendall, E. Schwendenmann, L. Rahn, T. Miller, J. B. Tans, P. P. White, J. W. C. TI Land use and season affect fluxes of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, H-2 and isotopic source signatures in Panama: evidence from nocturnal boundary layer profiles SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon cycle; C-3; C-4; 13C; greenhouse gas; 18O; Pasture; Plantation; soil respiration; tropical Rainforest ID AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; AIR SAMPLING NETWORK; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; TROPICAL FOREST; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; TEMPORAL VARIATION; EASTERN AMAZONIA; NITROUS-OXIDE; RESPIRED CO2 AB Conversion of tropical rainforests to pastures and plantations is associated with changes in soil properties and biogeochemical cycling, with implications for carbon cycling and trace gas fluxes. The stable isotopic composition of ecosystem respiration (delta 13C(R) and delta 18O(R)) is used in inversion models to quantify regional patterns of CO2 sources and sinks, but models are limited by sparse measurements in tropical regions. We measured soil respiration rates, concentrations of CO2, CH4, CO, N2O and H-2 and the isotopic composition of CO2, CH4 and H-2 at four heights in the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) above three common land-use types in central Panama, during dry and rainy seasons. Soil respiration rates were lowest in Plantation (average 3.4 mu mol m-2 s-1), highest in Pasture (8.3 mu mol m-2 s-1) and intermediate in Rainforest (5.2 mu mol m-2 s-1). delta 13C(R) closely reflected land use and increased during the dry season where C-3 vegetation was present. delta 18O(R) did not differ by land use but was lower during the rainy than the dry season. CO2 was correlated with other species in approximately half of the NBL profiles, allowing us to estimate trace gas fluxes that were generally within the range of literature values. The Rainforest soil was a sink for CH4 but emissions were observed in Pasture and Plantation, especially during the wet season. N2O emissions were higher in Pasture and Plantation than Rainforest, contrary to expectations. Soil H-2 uptake was highest in Rainforest and was not observable in Pasture and Plantation during the wet season. We observed soil CO uptake during the dry season and emissions during the wet season across land-use types. This study demonstrated that strong impacts of land-use change on soil-atmosphere trace gas exchange can be detected in the NBL, and provides useful observational constraints for top-down and bottom-up biogeochemistry models. C1 [Pendall, E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pendall, E.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Schwendenmann, L.] Univ Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. [Rahn, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Miller, J. B.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Ecol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pendall, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Pendall@uwyo.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348 FU USDA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Wyoming NASA Space Consortium (NASA) [NGT-40102]; Wyoming NASA EPSCoR (NASA) [NCC5-578] FX This project benefited from field assistance from Marco Valdez and laboratory assistance from P. Lang and V. Moore. We thank C. Potvin, R. Stallard and STRI for providing access to study sites. Partial funding for the research was provided by USDA-CSREES Soil Processes Program, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium (NASA Grant #NGT-40102), and Wyoming NASA EPSCoR (NASA Grant #NCC5-578). NR 114 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2721 EP 2736 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02199.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648FV UT WOS:000281676700008 ER PT J AU West, TO AF West, Tristram O. TI Introduction: integrative approaches for estimating current and future feedstock availability SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [West, Tristram O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [West, Tristram O.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP West, TO (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tristram.west@pnl.gov RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 215 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01057.x PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 648GD UT WOS:000281677600001 ER PT J AU Jager, HI Baskaran, LM Brandt, CC Davis, EB Gunderson, CA Wullschleger, SD AF Jager, Henriette I. Baskaran, Latha M. Brandt, Craig C. Davis, Ethan B. Gunderson, Carla A. Wullschleger, Stan D. TI Empirical geographic modeling of switchgrass yields in the United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; functional validation; mapping; mixed models; Panicum virgatum; spatial modeling; switchgrass ID SHORT-SEASON AREA; BIOMASS YIELD; ALAMO SWITCHGRASS; CUTTING FREQUENCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALMANAC MODEL; NITROGEN; FEEDSTOCK; CROPS; WATER AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass native to the United States that has been studied as a sustainable source of biomass fuel. Although many field-scale studies have examined the potential of this grass as a bioenergy crop, these studies have not been integrated. In this study, we present an empirical model for switchgrass yield and use this model to predict yield for the conterminous United States. We added environmental covariates to assembled yield data from field trials based on geographic location. We developed empirical models based on these data. The resulting empirical models, which account for spatial autocorrelation in the field data, provide the ability to estimate yield from factors associated with climate, soils, and management for both lowland and upland varieties of switchgrass. Yields of both ecotypes showed quadratic responses to temperature, increased with precipitation and minimum winter temperature, and decreased with stand age. Only the upland ecotype showed a positive response to our index of soil wetness and only the lowland ecotype showed a positive response to fertilizer. We view this empirical modeling effort, not as an alternative to mechanistic plant-growth modeling, but rather as a first step in the process of functional validation that will compare patterns produced by the models with those found in data. For the upland variety, the correlation between measured yields and yields predicted by empirical models was 0.62 for the training subset and 0.58 for the test subset. For the lowland variety, the correlation was 0.46 for the training subset and 0.19 for the test subset. Because considerable variation in yield remains unexplained, it will be important in the future to characterize spatial and local sources of uncertainty associated with empirical yield estimates. C1 [Jager, Henriette I.; Baskaran, Latha M.; Gunderson, Carla A.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brandt, Craig C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Davis, Ethan B.] Dartmouth Coll, Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Baskaran, Latha/D-9754-2016; OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Baskaran, Latha/0000-0001-8487-3914; Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X FU Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs; USDOE [DE-AC05-00OR2272] FX This research was funded, in part, by the Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the USDOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Nadia Ally for spending a summer perusing the literature for switchgrass data from higher latitudes. Bob Perlack deserves a great deal of credit for supporting and shepherding this research and sharing his expertise on switchgrass yields. We appreciate Robin Graham for her support and review of this manuscript. Finally, Tris West is responsible for significant improvements in this manuscript and we thank him for organizing this special symposium. NR 48 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01059.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 648GD UT WOS:000281677600004 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Izaurralde, RC Manowitz, D West, TO Post, WM Thomson, AM Bandaruw, VP Nichols, J Williams, JR AF Zhang, X. Izaurralde, R. C. Manowitz, D. West, T. O. Post, W. M. Thomson, A. M. Bandaruw, V. P. Nichols, J. Williams, J. R. TI An integrative modeling framework to evaluate the productivity and sustainability of biofuel crop production systems SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; biomass feedstock; environmental sustainability; geographic information system; greenhouse gases; multiobjective optimization; soil erosion ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LAND-USE; NO-TILLAGE; ENERGY; SEQUESTRATION; CORN; EROSION; BIOMASS; BIODIVERSITY AB The potential expansion of biofuel production raises food, energy, and environmental challenges that require careful assessment of the impact of biofuel production on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil erosion, nutrient loading, and water quality. In this study, we describe a spatially explicit integrative modeling framework (SEIMF) to understand and quantify the environmental impacts of different biomass cropping systems. This SEIMF consists of three major components: (1) a geographic information system (GIS)-based data analysis system to define spatial modeling units with resolution of 56 m to address spatial variability, (2) the biophysical and biogeochemical model Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) applied in a spatially-explicit way to predict biomass yield, GHG emissions, and other environmental impacts of different biofuel crops production systems, and (3) an evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm for exploring the trade-offs between biofuel energy production and unintended ecosystem-service responses. Simple examples illustrate the major functions of the SEIMF when applied to a nine-county Regional Intensive Modeling Area (RIMA) in SW Michigan to (1) simulate biofuel crop production, (2) compare impacts of management practices and local ecosystem settings, and (3) optimize the spatial configuration of different biofuel production systems by balancing energy production and other ecosystem-service variables. Potential applications of the SEIMF to support life cycle analysis and provide information on biodiversity evaluation and marginal-land identification are also discussed. The SEIMF developed in this study is expected to provide a useful tool for scientists and decision makers to understand sustainability issues associated with the production of biofuels at local, regional, and national scales. C1 [Zhang, X.; Izaurralde, R. C.; Manowitz, D.; West, T. O.; Thomson, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Post, W. M.; Bandaruw, V. P.; Nichols, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Williams, J. R.] AgriLIFE Res, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xuesong.zhang@pnl.gov RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 FU US DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; US DOE Office of Science (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX We sincerely appreciate the valuable comments from two anonymous reviewers, which highly enhanced the quality of our manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge GLBRC researchers S. Swinton, Y. Jiang, P. Meier, D. Reinemann, B. Dale, and G. P. Robertson for ideas and suggestions formulated during the conception and development of the SEIMF. Research supported by the US DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494) and US DOE Office of Science (DOE BER Office of Science DE-AC06-76RLO 1830). NR 65 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 258 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01046.x PG 20 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 648GD UT WOS:000281677600005 ER PT J AU Hellwinckel, CM West, TO Ugarte, DGD Perlack, RD AF Hellwinckel, Chad M. West, Tristram O. Ugarte, Daniel G. de la Torre Perlack, Robert D. TI Evaluating possible cap and trade legislation on cellulosic feedstock availability SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biofuel; biomass; carbon sequestration; emissions offsets; energy; ethanol; greenhouse gas emissions ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; MANAGEMENT; BIOENERGY; BIOMASS AB An integrated, socioeconomic-biogeophysical model is used to analyze the interactions of cap-and-trade legislation and the Renewable Fuels Standard. Five alternative policy scenarios were considered with the purpose of identifying policies that act in a synergistic manner to reduce carbon emissions, increase economic returns to agriculture, and adequately meet ethanol mandates. We conclude that climate and energy policies can best be implemented together by offering carbon offset payments to conservation tillage, herbaceous grasses for biomass, and by constraining crop residue removal for ethanol feedstocks to carbon neutral level. When comparing this scenario to the Baseline scenario, the agricultural sector realizes an economic benefit of US$156 billion by 2030 and emissions are reduced by 135 Tg C-equivalent (Eq) yr(-1). Results also indicate that geographic location of cellulosic feedstocks could shift significantly depending on the final policies implemented in cap and trade legislation. Placement of cellulosic ethanol facilities should consider these possible shifts when determining site location. C1 [Hellwinckel, Chad M.; Ugarte, Daniel G. de la Torre] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Perlack, Robert D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [West, Tristram O.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hellwinckel, CM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, 310 Morgan Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM chellwin@utk.edu RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 FU Southeast SunGrant Initiative; NASA Earth Sciences Division FX Funding was provided by the Southeast SunGrant Initiative for the policy and economic components of this research and by the NASA Earth Sciences Division, Applied Sciences Program for the carbon and land use components of this research. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1757-1693 J9 GCB BIOENERGY JI GCB Bioenergy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 278 EP 287 DI 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01052.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 648GD UT WOS:000281677600006 ER PT J AU Carbaugh, EH Lynch, TP Antonio, CL Medina-Del Valle, F AF Carbaugh, Eugene H. Lynch, Timothy P. Antonio, Cheryl L. Medina-Del Valle, Fernando TI TWENTY-FOUR YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP FOR A HANFORD PLUTONIUM WOUND CASE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accidents; handling; chelation; plutonium; exposure; occupational AB A 1985 plutonium puncture wound resulted in the initial deposition of 48 kBq of transuranic alpha activity, primarily (239)+Pu-240 and Am-241, in a worker's right index finger. Surgical excisions in the week following reduced the long-term residual wound activity to 5.4 kBq, and 164 DTPA chelation therapy administrations over 17 mo resulted in urinary excretion of about 7 kBq. The case was published in 1988, but now 24 y of follow-up data are available. Annual bioassays have included in-vivo measurements of Am-241 in the wound, skeleton, liver, lung, and axillary lymph nodes, and urinalyses for plutonium and Am-241. These measurements have shown relatively stable levels of Am-241 at the wound site, with gradually increasing amounts of Am-241 detected in the skeleton. Liver measurements have shown erratic detection of Am-241, and the lung measurements indicate Am-241 but as interference from activity in the axillary lymph nodes and skeleton rather than activity in the lung. Urine excretion of (239)+Pu-240 since termination of chelation therapy has typically ranged from 10 to 20 mBq d(-1), with Am-241 excretion about 10% of that for Pu239+240. Annual routine medical exams have not identified any adverse health effects associated with the intake. Health Phys. 99(4):483-494; 2010 C1 [Carbaugh, Eugene H.; Lynch, Timothy P.; Antonio, Cheryl L.] PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Medina-Del Valle, Fernando] AdvanceMed Hanford, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Carbaugh, EH (reprint author), PNNL, POB 999,MSIN B1-60, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gene.carbaugh@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 99 IS 4 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181d96381 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 649LV UT WOS:000281772900006 PM 20838089 ER PT J AU Li, WB Zankl, M Schlattl, H Petoussi-Henss, N Eckerman, KF Bolch, WE Oeh, U Hoeschen, C AF Li, W. B. Zankl, M. Schlattl, H. Petoussi-Henss, N. Eckerman, K. F. Bolch, W. E. Oeh, U. Hoeschen, C. TI IMPACT ON Ce-141, Ce-144, Zr-95, AND Sr-90 BETA EMITTER DOSE COEFFICIENTS OF PHOTON AND ELECTRON SAFS CALCULATED WITH ICRP/ICRU REFERENCE ADULT VOXEL COMPUTATIONAL PHANTOMS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biokinetics; dosimetry; beta; dosimetry; internal; phantom ID GENERIC BIOKINETIC MODEL; LANTHANIDE ELEMENTS; INTERNAL DOSIMETRY; ABSORBED FRACTIONS; VALUES; ORGAN; BODY AB The current dose coefficients for internal dose assessment of occupationally exposed persons and the general public were derived using the methodology of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), which is similar to the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD)-type methodology. One component of this methodology is the mathematical representation of the human body (so-called MIRD-type phantoms) developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for calculations of photon specific absorbed fractions (SAFs). Concerning the beta emissions, it is assumed in general that they irradiate only the organ where the radionuclide resides, whereas for walled organs, a fixed fraction of the emitted energy is absorbed within the wall. For the active marrow and bone surface targets, absorbed fractions were explicitly provided in ICRP Publication 30. The ICRP Publications 66 and 100 contain further detailed energy-dependent absorbed fraction data for the airways and the segments of the alimentary tract. In the present work, the voxel phantoms representing the reference male and female adults, recently developed at the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) in collaboration with the Task Group DOCAL of ICRP Committee 2, were used for the Monte Carlo computation of photon as well as electron SAFs. These voxel phantoms, being constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans of individuals, are more realistic in shape and location of organs in the body than the mathematical phantoms; therefore, they provide photon SAFs that are more precise than those stemming from mathematical phantoms. In addition, electron SAFs for solid and walled organs as well as tissues in the alimentary tract, the respiratory tract, and the skeleton were calculated with Monte Carlo methods using these phantoms to complement the data of ICRP Publications 66 and 100 that are confined to self-irradiation. The SAFs derived for photons and electrons are then used to calculate the dose coefficients of the beta emitters Ce-141, Ce-144, Zr-95, and Sr-90. It is found that the differences of the dose coefficients due to the revised SAFs are much larger for injection and ingestion than for inhalation. The equivalent doses for colon and ingestion with the new voxel-based SAFs are significantly smaller than the values with the MIRD-type photon SAFs and simplifying assumptions for electrons. For lungs and inhalation, no significant difference was observed for the equivalent doses, whereas for injection and ingestion, an increase of the new values is observed. Health Phys. 99(4):503-510; 2010 C1 [Li, W. B.; Zankl, M.; Schlattl, H.; Petoussi-Henss, N.; Oeh, U.; Hoeschen, C.] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Res Ctr Environm, Inst Radiat Protect, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Eckerman, K. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bolch, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Li, WB (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Res Ctr Environm, Inst Radiat Protect, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM wli@helmholtz-muenchen.de RI Li, Weibo/M-7475-2013; Zankl, Maria/M-7348-2014; Schlattl, Helmut/M-9846-2014; Hoeschen, Christoph/N-5867-2014; Oeh, Uwe/B-8942-2015 OI Zankl, Maria/0000-0003-4743-970X; Schlattl, Helmut/0000-0002-3365-7821; FU Euratom FP7 [FP7-212100]; Bundesministerium fur Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) through the Bundesamt fur Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany [StSch 4471, StSch 4417] FX The research leading to these results has in part received funding from the Euratom FP7 (2007-2011) under Grant Agreement No. FP7-212100. This work was part of the projects StSch 4471 and StSch 4417 funded by the Bundesministerium fur Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) through the Bundesamt fur Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 99 IS 4 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181c479bf PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 649LV UT WOS:000281772900008 PM 20838091 ER PT J AU Bertelli, L Waters, TL Miller, G Gadd, MS Eaton, MC Guilmette, RA AF Bertelli, Luiz Waters, Tom L. Miller, Guthrie Gadd, Milan S. Eaton, Michelle C. Guilmette, Raymond A. TI THREE PLUTONIUM CHELATION CASES AT LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chelation; dose assessment; exposure; occupational; plutonium ID THERAPY AB Chelation treatments with dosages of 1 g of either Ca-DTPA (Trisodium calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) or Zn-DTPA (Trisodium zinc diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) were undertaken at Los Alamos Occupational Medicine in three recent cases of wounds contaminated with metallic forms of Pu-239. All cases were finger punctures, and each chelation injection contained the same dosage of DTPA. One subject was treated only once, while the other two received multiple injections. Additional measurements of wound, urine, and excised tissues were taken for one of the cases. These additional measurements served to improve the estimate of the efficacy of the chelation treatment. The efficacy of the chelation treatments was compared for the three cases. Results were interpreted using models, and useful heuristics for estimating the intake amount and final committed doses were presented. In spite of significant differences in the treatments and in the estimated intake amounts and doses amongst the three cases, a difference of four orders of magnitude was observed between the highest excretion data point and the values observed at about 100 d for all cases. Differences between efficacies of Zn-DTPA and Ca-DTPA could not be observed in this study. An efficacy factor of about 50 was observed for a chelation treatment, which was administered at about 1.5 y after the incident, though the corresponding averted dose was very small (LA-UR 09-02934). Health Phys. 99(4):532-538; 2010 C1 [Bertelli, Luiz; Waters, Tom L.; Miller, Guthrie; Gadd, Milan S.; Eaton, Michelle C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guilmette, Raymond A.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Ctr Countermeasures Radiat, Div Toxicol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Bertelli, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, RP-2 Mailstop G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lbertelli@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 99 IS 4 BP 532 EP 538 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181d18c61 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 649LV UT WOS:000281772900012 PM 20838095 ER PT J AU Carbaugh, EH Lynch, TP Cannon, CN Lewis, LL AF Carbaugh, Eugene H. Lynch, Timothy P. Cannon, Curt N. Lewis, Loren L. TI CASE STUDY: THREE ACUTE Am-241 INHALATION EXPOSURES WITH DTPA THERAPY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Am-241; bioassay; dosimetry; internal; inhalation ID URINARY-EXCRETION; PLUTONIUM AB Three workers incurred inhalation exposures to Am-241 oxide as a result of waste sorting and compaction activities. The exposure magnitudes were not fully recognized until the following day when an in-vivo lung count identified a significant lung deposition of Am-241 in a male worker, and DTPA chelation therapy was initiated. Two additional workers (one female and one male) were then identified as sufficiently exposed to also warrant therapy. In-vivo bioassay measurements were performed over the ensuing 6 mo to quantify the Am-241 activity in the lungs, liver, and skeleton. Urine and fecal samples were collected and showed readily detectable Am-241. Clinical lab tests and medical evaluations all showed normal results. There were no significant adverse clinical health effects from the therapy. The estimated Am-241 inhalation intakes for the three workers were 1,800 Bq, 630 Bq, and 150 Bq. Lung retention showed somewhat longer pulmonary clearance half-times than standard inhalation class W or absorption Type M assumptions. The three subjects underwent slightly different therapy regimens, with therapy effectiveness factors (defined as the ratio of the reference doses without therapy relative to the final assessed doses) of 4.5, 1.9, and 1.7, respectively. Health Phys. 99(4):539-546; 2010 C1 [Carbaugh, Eugene H.; Lynch, Timothy P.] Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cannon, Curt N.] Perma Fix NW Inc, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Lewis, Loren L.] PLLC, OccHealth Serv, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Carbaugh, EH (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, POB 999,MSIN B1-60, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gene.carbaugh@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 99 IS 4 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181d96943 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 649LV UT WOS:000281772900013 PM 20838096 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Guedj, J Cotler, SJ Layden, TJ Perelson, AS AF Dahari, Harel Guedj, Jeremie Cotler, Scott J. Layden, Thomas J. Perelson, Alan S. TI HIGHER HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) CLEARANCE RATES DURING TREATMENT WITH DIRECT ACTING AGENTS COMPARED TO INTERFERON-ALPHA SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 [Dahari, Harel; Cotler, Scott J.; Layden, Thomas J.] Univ Illinois, Sect Hepatol, Chicago, IL USA. [Guedj, Jeremie; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Guedj, Jeremie/A-6842-2017 OI Guedj, Jeremie/0000-0002-5534-5482 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 SU S MA 826 BP 718A EP 719A PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 740EY UT WOS:000288775601146 ER PT J AU Slavov, GT Leonardi, S Adams, WT Strauss, SH DiFazio, SP AF Slavov, G. T. Leonardi, S. Adams, W. T. Strauss, S. H. DiFazio, S. P. TI Population substructure in continuous and fragmented stands of Populus trichocarpa SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Populus trichocarpa; microsatellites; clonality; population substructure; relatedness; seedling establishment ID SPATIAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM; RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; NULL ALLELES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; BLACK COTTONWOOD AB Population substructure has important implications for both basic and applied genetic research. We used 10 microsatellite markers to characterize population substructure in two ecologically and demographically contrasting populations of the model tree Populus trichocarpa. The Marchel site was a continuous stand growing in a mesic habitat in western Oregon, whereas the Vinson site consisted of three disjunct and isolated stands in the high desert of eastern Oregon. A previous study revealed that pollen-mediated gene flow is extensive in both populations. Surprisingly, model-based clustering, principal components analysis and analyses of molecular variance provided overwhelming support for the existence of at least two intermingled sub-populations within the continuous Marchel population (F(ST)=0.026, P<0.001), which occupied an area with a radius of only about 250 m. Genets in these two sub-populations appeared to have different relative clone ages and phenologies, leading us to hypothesize that they correspond to different seedling cohorts, each established from seeds produced by relatively few mothers. As expected, substructure was stronger in the fragmented Vinson population (F(ST)=0.071, P=0.001), and this difference appeared to result from the more extensive family structure in this population. Using group-likelihood methods, we reconstructed multiple interconnected half-sib families in the Vinson population, with some genets having as many as eight putative siblings. Researchers involved in ongoing and future association studies in P. trichocarpa should account for the likely presence of subtle but practically significant substructure in populations throughout the range of this species. Heredity (2010) 105, 348-357; doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.73; published online 9 June 2010 C1 [Slavov, G. T.; DiFazio, S. P.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Slavov, G. T.; DiFazio, S. P.] US DOE, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Leonardi, S.] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Adams, W. T.; Strauss, S. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Slavov, GT (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, 53 Campus Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM gancho.slavov@mail.wvu.edu RI Leonardi, Stefano/I-9067-2014 OI Leonardi, Stefano/0000-0002-9133-318X FU EPA; Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative; USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment [97-39210-5022]; DOE; DOE BioEnergy Science Center; NSF FIBR [DEB-0425908] FX Assistance with field and laboratory work was provided by Shuping Cheng, Gokcin Temel, Jace Carson, Caprice Rosato, Eliza Walthers, Paul Rosenfeld, Rick Meilan, Toby Bradshaw and Brian Watson. Financial support for this study was provided by an EPA STAR Fellowship to SPD, the Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative, USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grant 97-39210-5022, the DOE Oak Ridge National Lab Bioenergy Program, the DOE BioEnergy Science Center and NSF FIBR Grant DEB-0425908. We thank Reinhard Stettler, Glenn Howe, three anonymous reviewers, and the Heredity Editor for their comments on an earlier version of this article. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2010 VL 105 IS 4 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1038/hdy.2010.73 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 653BY UT WOS:000282059900005 PM 20531447 ER PT J AU Wang, H Liu, CR Debnath, G Baines, AJ Conboy, JG Mohandas, N An, XL AF Wang, Hua Liu, Congrong Debnath, Gargi Baines, Anthony J. Conboy, John G. Mohandas, Narla An, Xiuli TI Comprehensive characterization of expression patterns of protein 4.1 family members in mouse adrenal gland: implications for functions SO HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 4; 1R; 4; 1G; 4; 1B; 4; 1N; Adrenal gland ID ACTIN-BINDING DOMAIN; CELL MEMBRANE; GENE FAMILY; CYTOSKELETAL; COMPLEX; ISOFORMS; MECHANOCHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; INTEGRITY; JUNCTION AB The members of the protein 4.1 family, 4.1R, 4.1G, 4.1N, and 4.1B, are encoded by four genes, all of which undergo complex alternative splicing. It is well established that 4.1R, the prototypical member of the family, serves as an adapter that links the spectrin-actin based cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane in red cells. It is required for mechanical resilience of the membrane, and it ensures the cell surface accumulation of selected membrane proteins. However, the function of 4.1 proteins outside erythrocytes remains under-explored, especially in endocrine tissues. Transcripts of all 4.1 homologs have previously been documented to be abundantly expressed in adrenal gland. In order to begin to decipher the function of 4.1 proteins in adrenal gland, we performed a detailed characterization of the expression pattern of various 4.1 proteins and their cellular localization. We show that 4.1R (similar to 80 and similar to 135 kDa) splice forms are expressed on the membrane of all cells, while a similar to 160 kDa 4.1G splice form is distributed in the cytoplasm and the membrane of zona glomerulosa and of medullary cells. Two 4.1N splice forms, similar to 135 and similar to 95 kDa, are present in the peri-nuclear region of both zona glomerulosa and medullary cells, while a single similar to 130 kDa 4.1B splice form, is detected in all layers of adrenal gland in both the cytoplasm and the membrane. The characterization of distinct splice forms of various 4.1 proteins with diverse cellular and sub-cellular localization indicates multiple functions for this family of proteins in endocrine functions of adrenal gland. C1 [Wang, Hua; Liu, Congrong; Debnath, Gargi; Mohandas, Narla; An, Xiuli] New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Wang, Hua; Liu, Congrong] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [An, Xiuli] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biophys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Baines, Anthony J.] Univ Kent, Sch Biosci, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, England. [Conboy, John G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP An, XL (reprint author), New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, 310 E 67th St, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM xan@nybloodcenter.org OI Baines, Anthony/0000-0003-3068-7811 FU NIH [DK 32094, DK 26263] FX This work was supported in part by NIH grants DK 32094 and DK 26263. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0948-6143 J9 HISTOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Histochem. Cell Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 134 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s00418-010-0749-z PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Microscopy SC Cell Biology; Microscopy GA 664PO UT WOS:000282974600010 PM 20890708 ER PT J AU De Luise, F Dotto, E Fornasier, S Barucci, MA Pinilla-Alonso, N Perna, D Marzari, F AF De Luise, F. Dotto, E. Fornasier, S. Barucci, M. A. Pinilla-Alonso, N. Perna, D. Marzari, F. TI A peculiar family of Jupiter Trojans: The Eurybates SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Trojan asteroids; Asteroids, surface; Asteroids, composition; Spectroscopy ID CHARGED-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SURFACE-COMPOSITION; DYNAMICAL FAMILIES; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ION IRRADIATION; PROPER ELEMENTS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PHOTOMETRIC SURVEY; ASTEROIDS AB The Eurybates family is a compact core inside the Menelaus clan, located in the L(4) swarm of Jupiter Trojans. Fornasier et al. (Fornasier, S., Dotto, E., Hainaut, O., Marzari, F., Boehnhardt, H., De Luise, F., Barucci, M.A. [2007] Icarus 190, 622-642) found that this family exhibits a peculiar abundance of spectrally flat objects, similar to Chiron-like Centaurs and C-type main belt asteroids. On the basis of the visible spectra available in literature, Eurybates family's members seemed to be good candidates for having on their surfaces water/water ice or aqueous altered materials. To improve our knowledge of the surface composition of this peculiar family, we carried out an observational campaign at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), obtaining near-infrared spectra of 7 members. Our data show a surprisingly absence of any spectral feature referable to the presence of water, ices or aqueous altered materials on the surface of the observed objects. Models of the surface composition are attempted, evidencing that amorphous carbon seems to dominate the surface composition of the observed bodies and some amount of silicates (olivine) could be present. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [De Luise, F.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Collurania Teramo, I-64100 Teramo, TE, Italy. [De Luise, F.; Dotto, E.; Perna, D.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Fornasier, S.; Barucci, M. A.; Perna, D.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Fornasier, S.] Univ Paris 07, F-75013 Paris, France. [Pinilla-Alonso, N.] Fdn Galileo Galilei, Tenerife 38700, Spain. [Pinilla-Alonso, N.] Telescopio Nazl Galileo, Tenerife 38700, Spain. [Pinilla-Alonso, N.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Perna, D.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Marzari, F.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP De Luise, F (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Collurania Teramo, Via Mentore Maggini,Snc, I-64100 Teramo, TE, Italy. EM deluise@oa-teramo.inaf.it OI De Luise, Fiore/0000-0002-6570-8208; Dotto, Elisabetta/0000-0002-9335-1656 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 2010 VL 209 IS 2 BP 586 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.024 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 654VL UT WOS:000282199000026 ER PT J AU Waldmueller, I Wanke, MC Lerttamrab, M Allen, DG Chow, WW AF Waldmueller, Ines Wanke, Michael C. Lerttamrab, Maytee Allen, Dan G. Chow, Weng W. TI Inverse-Quantum-Engineering: A New Methodology for Designing Quantum Cascade Lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Computer-aided engineering; quantum well devices; quantum well lasers; quantum wells ID SCATTERING; DEPOPULATION; FREQUENCY; DEVICES; MODEL AB Bandstructure engineering has enabled a broad array of semiconductor heterostructure devices, such as quantum cascade lasers, whose performance is governed by a broad parameter space involving intertwined physical properties. Using present methods it is challenging if not impossible to design structures that isolate a specific physical property that directly correlates with experimental results. To overcome this problem, we developed a new methodology, inverse quantum engineering (IQE), which employs an evolutionary algorithm to design families of structures with everything identical except for a specific physical property of our choosing. We show that IQE allows creation of model families of designs that isolate targeted experimental effects, thus allowing direct investigation of specific physical mechanisms and their often complicated and counter-intuitive interplay. C1 [Waldmueller, Ines; Wanke, Michael C.; Allen, Dan G.; Chow, Weng W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lerttamrab, Maytee] Polymer Mkt Co Ltd, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. RP Waldmueller, I (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM iwaldmu@sandia.gov; mcwanke@sandia.gov; ziraight@gmail.com; dgallen@sandia.gov; wwchow@sandia.gov RI Montano, Ines/I-7497-2012 FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque, NM, a Lockeed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work of W. Chow was partially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1414 EP 1420 DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2049253 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 668CM UT WOS:000283246200002 ER PT J AU Lin, MJ Wawrzynek, J El Gamal, A AF Lin, Mingjie Wawrzynek, John El Gamal, Abbas TI Exploring FPGA Routing Architecture Stochastically SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Design exploration; FPGA; routing architecture; stochastic ID CHANNEL SEGMENTATION DESIGN; PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS AB This paper proposes a systematic strategy to efficiently explore the design space of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) routing architectures. The key idea is to use stochastic methods to quickly locate near-optimal solutions in designing FPGA routing architectures without exhaustively enumerating all design points. The main objective of this paper is not as much about the specific numerical results obtained, as it is to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed stochastic approach, we developed the tool for optimizing routing architecture (TORCH) software based on the versatile place and route tool [1]. Given FPGA architecture parameters and a set of benchmark designs, TORCH simultaneously optimizes the routing channel segmentation and switch box patterns using the performance metric of average interconnect power-delay product estimated from placed and routed benchmark designs. Special techniques-such as incremental routing, infrequent placement, multi-modal move selection, and parallelized metric evaluation-are developed to reduce the overall run time and improve the quality of results. Our experimental results have shown that the stochastic design strategy is quite effective in co-optimizing both routing channel segmentation and switch patterns. With the optimized routing architecture, relative to the performance of our chosen architecture baseline, TORCH can achieve average improvements of 24% and 15% in delay and power consumption for the 20 largest Microelectronics Center of North Carolina benchmark designs, and 27% and 21% for the eight benchmark designs synthesized with the Altera Quartus II University Interface Program tool. Additionally, we found that the average segment length in an FPGA routing channel should decrease with technology scaling. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of TORCH by illustrating how TORCH can be used to optimize other aspects of the routing architecture in an FPGA. C1 [Lin, Mingjie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wawrzynek, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [El Gamal, Abbas] Stanford Fac, Sch Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mingjie.lin@gmail.com; johnw@eecs.berkeley.edu; abbas@stanford.edu FU DARPA; SPAWAR System Center [N66001-04-1-8916] FX Manuscript received September 17, 2008; revised December 28, 2009 and May 5, 2010; accepted May 6, 2010. Date of current version September 22, 2010. This work was supported in part by the DARPA and SPAWAR System Center, under Grant N66001-04-1-8916. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor K. Bazargan. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0070 J9 IEEE T COMPUT AID D JI IEEE Trans. Comput-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1509 EP 1522 DI 10.1109/TCAD.2010.2061530 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 669LC UT WOS:000283350300006 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Kwok, JT AF Zhang, Kai Kwok, James T. TI Clustered Nystrom Method for Large Scale Manifold Learning and Dimension Reduction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Dimension reduction; eigenvalue decomposition; kernel matrix; low-rank approximation; manifold learning; Nystrom method; sampling ID KERNEL; ALGORITHM; MATRIX AB Kernel (or similarity) matrix plays a key role in many machine learning algorithms such as kernel methods, manifold learning, and dimension reduction. However, the cost of storing and manipulating the complete kernel matrix makes it infeasible for large problems. The Nystrom method is a popular sampling-based low-rank approximation scheme for reducing the computational burdens in handling large kernel matrices. In this paper, we analyze how the approximating quality of the Nystrom method depends on the choice of landmark points, and in particular the encoding powers of the landmark points in summarizing the data. Our (non-probabilistic) error analysis justifies a "clustered Nystrom method" that uses the k-means clustering centers as landmark points. Our algorithm can be applied to scale up a wide variety of algorithms that depend on the eigenvalue decomposition of kernel matrix (or its variant), such as kernel principal component analysis, Laplacian eigenmap, spectral clustering, as well as those involving kernel matrix inverse such as least-squares support vector machine and Gaussian process regression. Extensive experiments demonstrate the competitive performance of our algorithm in both accuracy and efficiency. C1 [Zhang, Kai] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kwok, James T.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kzhang2@lbl.gov; jamesk@cs.ust.hk FU Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [614508] FX Manuscript received August 10, 2009; revised December 6, 2009, March 15, 2010, June 28, 2010, and July 30, 2010; accepted July 31, 2010. Date of publication August 30, 2010; date of current version October 6, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under Grant 614508. NR 51 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9227 EI 1941-0093 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1576 EP 1587 DI 10.1109/TNN.2010.2064786 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 669SB UT WOS:000283369400005 PM 20805054 ER PT J AU Choong, WS AF Choong, Woon-Seng TI Investigation of a Multi-Anode Microchannel Plate PMT for Time-of-Flight PET SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microchannel; photomulipliers; scintillation detectors; time-of-flight PET; timing resolution ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; TIMING RESOLUTION; SINGLE PHOTONS; MCP-PMT; SCINTILLATORS; CAPABILITIES; EFFICIENT; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS AB We report on an investigation of a mulit-anode microchannel plate PMT for time-of-flight PET detector modules. The primary advantages of an MCP lie in its excellent timing properties (fast rise time and low transit time spread), compact size, and reasonably large active area, thus making it a good candidate for TOF applications. In addition, the anode can be segmented into an array of collection electrodes with fine pitch to attain good position sensitivity. In this paper, we investigate using the Photonis Planacon MCP-PMT with a pore size of 10 mu m to construct a PET detector module, specifically for time-of-flight applications. We measure the single electron response by exciting the Planacon with pulsed laser diode. We also measure the performance of the Planacon as a PET detector by coupling a 4 mm X 4 mm X 10 mm LSO crystal to individual pixel to study its gain uniformity, energy resolution, and timing resolution. The rise time of the Planacon is 440 ps with pulse duration of about 1 ns. A transit time spread of 120 ps FWHM is achieved. The gain is fairly uniform across the central region of the Planacon, but drops off by as much as a factor of 2.5 around the edges. The energy resolution is fairly uniform across the Planacon with an average value of 18.6 +/- 0.7% FWHM. While the average timing resolution of 252 +/- 7 ps FWHM is achieved in the central region of the Planacon, it degrades to 280 +/- 9 ps FWHM for edge pixels and 316 +/- 15 ps FWHM for corner pixels. We compare the results with measurements performed with a fast timing conventional PMT (Hamamatsu R-9800). We find that the R9800, which has significantly higher PDE, has a better timing resolution than the Planacon. Furthermore, we perform detector simulations to calculate the improvement that can be achieved with a higher PDE Planacon. The calculation shows that the Planacon can achieve significantly better timing resolution if it can attain the same PDE as the R-9800, while only a 30% improvement is needed to yield a similar timing resolution as the R-9800. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choong, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wschoong@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [R21EB007081, R01EB006085] FX Manuscript received December 02, 2009; revised March 25, 2010 and June 04, 2010; accepted July 12, 2010. Date of publication September 13, 2010; date of current version October 15, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and in part by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering under Grants R21EB007081 and R01EB006085. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2417 EP 2423 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2060211 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670QE UT WOS:000283441600002 PM 21152368 ER PT J AU Moses, WW Buckley, S Vu, C Peng, Q Pavlov, N Choong, WS Wu, J Jackson, C AF Moses, W. W. Buckley, S. Vu, C. Peng, Q. Pavlov, N. Choong, W. -S. Wu, J. Jackson, C. TI OpenPET: A Flexible Electronics System for Radiotracer Imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electronics; PET; SPECT ID FRONT-END ELECTRONICS; PET SCANNER; DETECTORS; DESIGN; LSO; TOF AB We present the design for OpenPET, an electronics readout system designed for prototype radiotracer imaging instruments. The critical requirements are that it has sufficient performance, channel count, channel density, and power consumption to service a complete camera, and yet be simple, flexible, and customizable enough to be used with almost any detector or camera design. An important feature of this system is that each analog input is processed independently. Each input can be configured to accept signals of either polarity as well as either differential or ground referenced signals. Each signal is digitized by a continuously sampled ADC, which is processed by an FPGA to extract pulse height information. A leading edge discriminator creates a timing edge that is "time stamped" by a TDC implemented inside the FPGA. This digital information from each channel is sent to an FPGA that services 16 analog channels, and information from multiple channels is processed by this FPGA to perform logic for crystal lookup, DOI calculation, calibration, etc. As all of this processing is controlled by firmware and software, it can be modified/customized easily. The system is open source, meaning that all technical data (specifications, schematics and board layout files, source code, and instructions) will be publicly available. C1 [Moses, W. W.; Vu, C.; Peng, Q.; Choong, W. -S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Buckley, S.; Pavlov, N.; Jackson, C.] SensL, Cork, Ireland. [Wu, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wwmoses@lbl.gov RI peng, qiyu/G-1586-2013 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [R01-EB006085, R21-EB007081] FX Manuscript received November 16, 2009; revised April 07, 2010; accepted July 01, 2010. Date of publication September 13, 2010; date of current version October 15, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and in part by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering under Grants R01-EB006085 and R21-EB007081. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2532 EP 2537 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2058866 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670QE UT WOS:000283441600018 ER PT J AU Chabre, A Giot, M Ilgner, C Kouzes, R Lyoussi, A AF Chabre, A. Giot, M. Ilgner, C. Kouzes, R. Lyoussi, A. TI ANIMMA 2009 Conference Overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Giot, M.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Louvain, Belgium. [Kouzes, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ilgner, C.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2603 EP 2603 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2079791 PN 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670PY UT WOS:000283441000001 ER PT J AU Rempe, JL Knudson, DL Condie, KG Daw, JE Ban, H Fox, BS Kohse, GE AF Rempe, Joy L. Knudson, Darrell L. Condie, Keith G. Daw, Joshua E. Ban, Heng Fox, Brandon S. Kohse, Gordon E. TI New Sensors for the Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA 2009) CY JUN 07-10, 2009 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP IEEE NPSS DE In-pile detectors; radiation resistant sensors AB A key component of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) National Scientific User Facility (NSUF) effort is to develop and evaluate in-pile instrumentation capable of providing real-time measurements of key parameters during irradiation. This paper describes the strategy for prioritizing instrumentation needs and the program to develop new or enhanced sensors to address these needs. Accomplishments from this program are illustrated by describing new sensors now available to users of the ATR NSUF with data from irradiation tests using these sensors. In addition, progress is reported on research efforts to provide users advanced methods for detecting temperature, fuel thermal conductivity, and changes in sample geometry. C1 [Rempe, Joy L.; Knudson, Darrell L.; Condie, Keith G.; Daw, Joshua E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. [Ban, Heng; Fox, Brandon S.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kohse, Gordon E.] MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rempe, JL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. EM Joy.Rempe@inl.gov; heng.ban@usu.edu; KOHSE@mit.edu RI Ban, Heng/I-6268-2012; OI Rempe, Joy/0000-0001-5527-3549 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2653 EP 2661 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2043684 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670PY UT WOS:000283441000010 ER PT J AU Degtiarenko, P Popov, V AF Degtiarenko, Pavel Popov, Vladimir TI New Techniques of Low Level Environmental Radiation Monitoring at JLab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA 2009) CY JUN 07-10, 2009 CL Marseilles, FRANCE SP IEEE NPSS DE Environmental radiation monitoring; ionization chambers; noise measurement; radiation detection circuits; signal processing AB We present the first long-term environmental radiation monitoring results obtained using the technique of pulse mode readout for the industry-standard Reuter-Stokes RSS-1013 argon-filled high pressure ionization chambers (HPIC). With novel designs for the front-end electronics readout and customized signal processing algorithms, we are capable of detecting individual events of gas ionization in the HPIC, caused by interactions of gammas and charged particles in the gas. The technique provides enough spectroscopic information to distinguish between several different types of environmental and man-made radiation. The technique also achieves a high degree of sensitivity and stability of the data, allowing long-term environmental radiation monitoring with unprecedented precision. C1 [Degtiarenko, Pavel; Popov, Vladimir] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Radiat Control Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Degtiarenko, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Radiat Control Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM pavel@jlab.org; popov@jlab.org NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2719 EP 2723 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2065238 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670PY UT WOS:000283441000020 ER PT J AU Burr, T Hengartner, N Matzner-Lober, E Myers, S Rouviere, L AF Burr, T. Hengartner, N. Matzner-Lober, E. Myers, S. Rouviere, L. TI Smoothing Low Resolution Gamma Spectra SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bias; spectral analysis; variance smoothing AB The energy spectra of gamma-rays emitted by radioisotopes act as finger prints that enable identification of the source. Such identification from low-resolution NaI detectors over short time periods is challenging for several reasons, including the Poisson fluctuations in the recorded counts. Smoothing the data over neighboring energy bins can reduce the noise in the raw counts, at the cost of introducing a bias that de-emphasizes the peaks and valleys of a spectrum. This paper describes a new two-stage smoothing procedure that uses a multiplicative bias correction (MBC) for adjusting initial smoothed spectra. Applying the MBC to an initial smoother reduces bias of the initial smoother in the peaks and valleys with no or negligible increase in its variance. We illustrate the benefit of this new method on example real and simulated spectra. C1 [Burr, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hengartner, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Matzner-Lober, E.; Rouviere, L.] Univ Rennes 2, Stat Lab, F-35170 Rennes, France. [Myers, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burr, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tburr@lanl.gov; nickh@lanl.gov; eml@uhb.fr; smyers@lanl.gov; laurent.rouviere@uhb.fr OI Hengartner, Nicolas/0000-0002-4157-134X FU Department of Homeland Security under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Homeland Security under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the management and operation of Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2831 EP 2840 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2054110 PN 3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670PS UT WOS:000283440400005 ER PT J AU Koybasi, O Bortoletto, D Hansen, TE Kok, A Hansen, TA Lietaer, N Jensen, GU Summanwar, A Bolla, G Kwan, SWL AF Koybasi, Ozhan Bortoletto, Daniela Hansen, Thor-Erik Kok, Angela Hansen, Trond Andreas Lietaer, Nicolas Jensen, Geir Uri Summanwar, Anand Bolla, Gino Kwan, Simon Wing Lok TI Design, Simulation, Fabrication, and Preliminary Tests of 3D CMS Pixel Detectors for the Super-LHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 3D silicon pixel detectors; CMS; radiation hardness; super-LHC ID SIDED 3-D DETECTORS; SILICON DETECTORS; CHARGE COLLECTION; DOPING TYPE; P-TYPE; COLUMNAR ELECTRODES; READ-OUT; SENSORS AB The Super-LHC upgrade puts strong demands on the radiation hardness of the innermost tracking detectors of the CMS, which cannot be fulfilled with any conventional planar detector design. The so-called 3D detector architectures, which feature columnar electrodes passing through the substrate thickness, are under investigation as a potential solution for the closest operation points to the beams, where the radiation fluence is estimated to reach 10(16) n(eq)/Tcm(2). Two different 3D detector designs with CMS pixel readout electronics are being developed and evaluated for their advantages and drawbacks. The fabrication of full-3D active edge CMS pixel devices with p-type substrate has been successfully completed at SINTEF. In this paper, we study the expected post-irradiation behaviors of these devices with simulations and, after a brief description of their fabrication, we report the first leakage current measurement results as performed on wafer. C1 [Koybasi, Ozhan; Bortoletto, Daniela; Bolla, Gino] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Koybasi, Ozhan] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hansen, Thor-Erik; Kok, Angela; Hansen, Trond Andreas; Lietaer, Nicolas; Jensen, Geir Uri; Summanwar, Anand] SINTEF, SINTEF MiNaLab, N-0314 Oslo, Norway. [Kwan, Simon Wing Lok] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Koybasi, O (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM okoybasi@purdue.edu; bortolet@purdue.edu; Thor-Erik.Hansen@sintef.no; Angela.Kok@sintef.no; Trond.A.Hansen@sintef.no; Nicolas.Lietaer@sintef.no; Geir.U.Jensen@sintef.no; Anand.Summanwar@sintef.no; gino.bolla@cern.ch; swalk@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-91ER40681]; National Science Foundation [PHY 0612805, 1000] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-91ER40681 and in part by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement PHY 0612805 similar to Subaward 1000 G HD 870. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2897 EP 2905 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2053720 PN 3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670PS UT WOS:000283440400013 ER PT J AU Pellish, JA Xapsos, MA LaBel, KA Marshall, PW Heidel, DF Rodbell, KP Hakey, MC Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Baumann, RC Deng, XW Marshall, A Sierawski, BD Black, JD Reed, RA Schrimpf, RD Kim, HS Berg, MD Campola, MJ Friendlich, MR Perez, CE Phan, AM Seidleck, CM AF Pellish, Jonathan A. Xapsos, Michael A. LaBel, Kenneth A. Marshall, Paul W. Heidel, David F. Rodbell, Kenneth P. Hakey, Mark C. Dodd, Paul E. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Schwank, James R. Baumann, Robert C. Deng, Xiaowei Marshall, Andrew Sierawski, Brian D. Black, Jeffrey D. Reed, Robert A. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Kim, Hak S. Berg, Melanie D. Campola, Michael J. Friendlich, Mark R. Perez, Christopher E. Phan, Anthony M. Seidleck, Christina M. TI Heavy Ion Testing With Iron at 1 GeV/amu SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FPGA; galactic cosmic ray; heavy ion testing; SRAM ID MODULAR REDUNDANCY CIRCUITS; SINGLE-EVENT-UPSETS; NM SOI SRAM; XILINX FPGAS; ANGLE AB A 1 GeV/amu (56)Fe ion beam allows for true 90 degrees tilt irradiations of various microelectronic components and reveals relevant upset trends at the GCR flux energy peak. Three SRAMs and an SRAM-based FPGA evaluated at the NASA Space Radiation Effects Laboratory demonstrate that a 90 degrees tilt irradiation yields a unique device response. These tilt angle effects need to be screened for, and if found, pursued with radiation transport simulations to quantify their impact on event rate calculations. C1 [Pellish, Jonathan A.; Xapsos, Michael A.; LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA GSFC, Radiat Effects & Anal Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Marshall, Paul W.] NASA, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. [Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Hakey, Mark C.] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Dodd, Paul E.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Schwank, James R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sierawski, Brian D.; Black, Jeffrey D.; Reed, Robert A.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Kim, Hak S.; Berg, Melanie D.; Campola, Michael J.; Friendlich, Mark R.; Perez, Christopher E.; Phan, Anthony M.; Seidleck, Christina M.] MEI Technol NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Pellish, JA (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Radiat Effects & Anal Grp, Code 561-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 FU NASA; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [09-4587I, 09-4584I]; NASA/JSC; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging program, the Space Radiation Element Human Research program at NASA/JSC, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program under IACRO #09-4587I to NASA and #09-4584I to SNL. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 2948 EP 2954 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2066575 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670PS UT WOS:000283440400019 ER PT J AU Miller, CL Welch, DR Rose, DV Oliver, BV AF Miller, Craig L. Welch, Dale R. Rose, David V. Oliver, Bryan V. TI Detailed Simulation of the CYGNUS Rod Pinch Radiographic Source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bremsstrahlung; diodes; pulse power systems; simulation ID DIODE; TRANSPORT; MV AB In this paper, we present the results from particle-in-cell simulations of the nominally 2-MV 40-kA CYGNUS radiographic machine using a standard rod pinch diode. The rod pinch electron-beam diode consists of a small-diameter high-atomic-number anode extending through a thin cathode aperture. A significant shot-to-shot variation of the photon spectrum emerging from the anode can introduce an error in interpreting the radiograph. We present the results from these integrated simulations of the electron and photon generation and quantify the sensitivities on the photon distribution. C1 [Miller, Craig L.; Rose, David V.] Voss Sci LLC, Computat Phys Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Oliver, Bryan V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, CL (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, Computat Phys Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM Craig.Miller@vosssci.com; Dale.Welch@vosssci.com; David.Rose@vosssci.com; bvolive@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2507 EP 2513 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2057448 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400002 ER PT J AU Wilson, MP Given, MJ Timoshkin, IV MacGregor, SJ Sinclair, MA Thomas, KJ Lehr, JM AF Wilson, Mark P. Given, Martin J. Timoshkin, Igor V. MacGregor, Scott J. Sinclair, Mark A. Thomas, Kenneth J. Lehr, Jane M. TI Impulse-Breakdown Characteristics of Polymers Immersed in Insulating Oil SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dielectric breakdown; flashover; oil insulation; plastic insulation; pulsed-power systems ID INTRINSIC ELECTRIC STRENGTH; TRANSFORMER OIL; MINERAL-OIL; POLYTHENE; PROPAGATION AB Surface discharges along oil-immersed solids used as insulators and supports in high-voltage pulsed-power equipment can lead to catastrophic system failures. To achieve reliable compact pulsed-power systems, it is important to quantify the electrical fields at which surface flashover, or other types of breakdown event, will occur for different dielectric materials. This paper reports the observed behavior of samples of polypropylene, low-density polyethylene, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, Rexolite, and Torlon, which were subjected to impulse voltages of peak amplitude of 350 kV and a rise time of 1 mu s. The cylindrical samples were located between pairs of electrodes immersed in insulating oil. Breakdown events were studied under both nonuniform- and uniform-field conditions, with sample lengths being chosen so that the breakdown events occurred on the rising edge of the impulse. Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene showed the highest average breakdown field, which is 645 kV/cm, in uniform fields, and the corresponding breakdown field was reduced to similar to 400 kV/cm in the nonuniform fields. Weibull plots of the various sets of results are presented, providing comparative data for system designers for the appropriate choice of dielectric materials to act as insulators for high-voltage pulsed-power machines. C1 [Wilson, Mark P.; Given, Martin J.; Timoshkin, Igor V.; MacGregor, Scott J.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. [Sinclair, Mark A.; Thomas, Kenneth J.] AWE Aldermaston, Pulsed Power Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Lehr, Jane M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, MP (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. EM m.wilson@eee.strath.ac.uk OI Given, Martin/0000-0002-6354-2486; Wilson, Mark/0000-0003-3088-8541 FU Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) Aldermaston FX This work was supported by Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) Aldermaston. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2611 EP 2619 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2044877 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400016 ER PT J AU Glover, SF Schneider, LX Reed, KW Pena, GE Davis, JP Hall, CA Hickman, RJ Hodge, KC Lehr, JM Lucero, DJ McDaniel, DH Puissant, JG Rudys, JM Sceiford, ME Tullar, SJ Van De Valde, DM White, FE AF Glover, S. F. Schneider, L. X. Reed, K. W. Pena, G. E. Davis, J. -P. Hall, C. A. Hickman, R. J. Hodge, K. C. Lehr, J. M. Lucero, D. J. McDaniel, D. H. Puissant, J. G. Rudys, J. M. Sceiford, M. E. Tullar, S. J. Van De Valde, D. M. White, F. E. TI Genesis: A 5-MA Programmable Pulsed-Power Driver for Isentropic Compression Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Current adding; current control; equation of state; genetic algorithms; isentropic compression; modeling; programmable control; pulse shaping; pulsed power AB Enabling technologies are being developed at Sandia National Laboratories to improve the performance and flexibility of compact pulsed-power drivers for magnetically driven dynamic materials properties research. We have designed a modular system that is capable of precision current pulse shaping through the selective triggering of pulse-forming components into a disk transmission line feeding a strip line load. The system is composed of 240 200-kV 60-kA modules in a low-inductance configuration that is capable of producing 250-350 kbar of magnetic pressure in a 1.75-nH 20-mm-wide strip line load. The system, called Genesis, measures approximately 5 m in diameter and is capable of producing shaped currents that are greater than 5 MA. This performance is enabled through the use of a serviceable solid-dielectric insulator system which minimizes the system inductance and reduces the stored energy and operating voltage requirements. Genesis can be programmed by the user to generate precision pulse shapes with rise times of 220-500 ns, allowing characterization of a range of materials from tungsten to polypropylene. This paper provides an overview of the Genesis design, including the use of genetic optimization to shape currents through selective module triggering. C1 [Glover, S. F.; Schneider, L. X.; Reed, K. W.; Pena, G. E.; Davis, J. -P.; Hall, C. A.; Hickman, R. J.; Lehr, J. M.; McDaniel, D. H.; Rudys, J. M.; Sceiford, M. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hodge, K. C.; Lucero, D. J.; Puissant, J. G.; Tullar, S. J.; White, F. E.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Van De Valde, D. M.] EG&G, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. RP Glover, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sfglove@sandia.gov; lxschne@sandia.gov; kwreed@sandia.gob; gepena@sandia.gov; jpdavis@sandia.gov; chall@sandia.gov; rjhickm@sandia.gov; kchodge@sandia.gov; jmlehr@sandia.gov; djlucer@sandia.gov; dhmcdan@sandia.gov; jgpuiss@sandia.gov; jmrudys@sandia.gov; mesceif@sandia.gov; sjtulla@sandia.gov; dmvande@sandia.gov; fewhite@sandia.gov FU Sandia; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia, which is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2620 EP 2626 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2045134 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400017 ER PT J AU Hahn, KD Bruner, N Johnston, MD Oliver, BV Webb, TJ Welch, DR Cordova, SR Crotch, I Gignac, RE Leckbee, JJ Molina, I Portillo, S Threadgold, JR Ziska, D AF Hahn, Kelly D. Bruner, Nichelle Johnston, Mark D. Oliver, Bryan V. Webb, Timothy J. Welch, Dale R. Cordova, Steve R. Crotch, Ian Gignac, Raymond E. Leckbee, Josh J. Molina, Isidro Portillo, Salvador Threadgold, Jim R. Ziska, Derek TI Overview of Self-Magnetically Pinched-Diode Investigations on RITS-6 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pinched-beam diodes; pulsed power; radiography; relativistic electron beams ID RADIOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS; TRANSMISSION-LINES; IMPEDANCE; AWE AB The electron-beam-driven self-magnetically pinched diode is a candidate for future flash X-ray radiographic sources. As presently fielded on Sandia Laboratories' six-cavity Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS-6), the diode is capable of producing sub 3-mm radiation spot sizes and greater than 350 rads of hard X-rays at 1 m. The diode operates between 6 and 7 MV with a slowly decreasing impedance that falls from approximately 65 to 40 Omega during the main pulse. Sensitivity in diode operation is affected by the interaction of evolving plasmas from the cathode and anode, which seem to limit stable diode operation to a narrow parameter regime. To better quantify the diode physics, high-resolution time-resolved diagnostics have been utilized which include plasma spectroscopy, fast-gated imaging, X-ray p-i-n diodes, X-ray spot size, and diode and accelerator current measurements. Data from these diagnostics are also used to benchmark particle-in-cell simulations. An overview of results from experiments and simulations is presented. C1 [Hahn, Kelly D.; Johnston, Mark D.; Oliver, Bryan V.; Webb, Timothy J.; Cordova, Steve R.; Leckbee, Josh J.; Molina, Isidro] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bruner, Nichelle; Welch, Dale R.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Crotch, Ian; Threadgold, Jim R.] Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Gignac, Raymond E.] NS Technol, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Portillo, Salvador] USN, Naval Surface Warfare Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Ziska, Derek] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Hahn, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kdhahn@sandia.gov; mdjohn@sandia.gov; bvolive@sandia.gov; tjwebb@sandia.gov; dalew@vosssci.com; srcordo@sandia.gov; Ian.Crotch@awe.co.uk; regigna@sandia.gov; jjleckb@sandia.gov; imolina@sandia.gov; salvador.portillo@navy.mil; Jim.Threadgold@awe.co.uk; drziska@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Sandia National Laboratories, Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2652 EP 2662 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2049128 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400022 ER PT J AU Glover, SF Zutavern, FJ Swalby, ME Cich, MJ Loubriel, GM Mar, A White, FE AF Glover, Steven F. Zutavern, Fred J. Swalby, Michael E. Cich, Michael J. Loubriel, Guillermo M. Mar, A. White, Forest E. TI Pulsed- and DC-Charged PCSS-Based Trigger Generators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fiber-optic triggers; high-voltage triggers; low jitter triggers; photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs); pulsed-power trigger generators (TGs); triggering pulsed-power switches ID SWITCHES AB Prior to this research, we have developed high-gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) to trigger 50-300 kV high-voltage switches (HVSs). We have demonstrated that PCSSs can trigger a variety of pulsed-power switches operating at 50-300 kV by locating the trigger generator (TG) directly at the HVS. This was demonstrated for two types of dc-charged trigatrons and two types of field distortion midplane switches, including a +/- 100 kVDC switch produced by the High Current Electronics Institute used in the linear transformer driver. The lowest rms jitter obtained from triggering an HVS with a PCSS was 100 ps from a 300 kV pulse-charged trigatron. PCSSs are the key component in these independently timed fiber-optically controlled low jitter TGs for HVSs. TGs are critical subsystems for reliable and efficient pulsed-power facilities because they control the timing synchronization and amplitude variation of multiple pulse-forming lines that combine to produce the total system output. Future facility-scale pulsed-power systems are even more dependent on triggering, as they are composed of many more triggered HVSs, and they produce shaped pulses by independent timing of the HVSs. As pulsed-power systems become more complex, the complexity of the associated trigger systems also increases. One of the means to reduce this complexity is to allow the trigger system to be charged directly from the voltage appearing across the HVS. However, for slow or dc-charged pulsed-power systems, this can be particularly challenging as the dc hold-off of the PCSS dramatically declines. This paper presents results that are seeking to address HVS performance requirements over large operating ranges by triggering using a pulsed-charged PCSS-based TG. Switch operating conditions that are as low as 45% of the self-break were achieved. A dc-charged PCSS-based TG is also introduced and demonstrated over a 39-61 kV operating range. DC-charged PCSS allows the TG to be directly charged from slow or dc-charged pulsed-power systems. GaAs and neutron-irradiated GaAs (n-GaAs) PCSSs were used to investigate the dc-charged operation. C1 [Glover, Steven F.; Zutavern, Fred J.; Swalby, Michael E.; Cich, Michael J.; Loubriel, Guillermo M.; Mar, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [White, Forest E.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Glover, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sfglove@sandia.gov; fjzutav@sandia.gov; meswalb@sandia.gov; mjcich@sandia.gov; gmloubr@sandia.gov; amar@sandia.gov; fewhite@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received September 30, 2009; revised February 2, 2010; accepted April 13, 2010. Date of publication June 14, 2010; date of current version October 8, 2010. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2701 EP 2707 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2049662 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400029 ER PT J AU Zutavern, FJ Glover, SF Swalby, ME Cich, MJ Mar, A Loubriel, GM Roose, LD White, FE AF Zutavern, Fred J. Glover, Steven F. Swalby, Michael E. Cich, Michael J. Mar, A. Loubriel, Guillermo M. Roose, L. D. White, Forest E. TI DC-Charged GaAs PCSSs for Trigger Generators and Other High-Voltage Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fiber-optic triggers; high-voltage (HV) triggers; low jitter triggers; photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs); pulsed-power trigger generators (TGs); trigger pulsed-power switches ID SWITCHES AB The demand for greater flexibility and increased energy density in pulsed-power systems is moving highly interactive components closer together. The development of compact technologies for less complex and more robust system designs is critical. A key system component that can impact these goals is the trigger generator (TG). Inexpensive, compact, and fiber-optically controlled TGs that deliver trigger pulses with subnanosecond jitter have been created with photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs). However, high-voltage (HV) GaAs PCSSs are typically pulsed charged for less than 100 mu s so that they can hold off 60-100 kV/cm without self-triggering into high-gain (lock-on) switching or initiating surface flashover. Since many new pulsed-power system designs are based on dc-charged HV switches, pulse charging the trigger system is an additional complication requiring space, HV switching components, and HV cables. A further improvement in PCSS-based TG is to move from pulsed to dc-charged PCSSs. This paper reports results from dc-charged GaAs PCSSs with 0.25-1.0 cm gaps, extending previously reported results on smaller devices at 3 kV to a new regime of 100 kV. To hold off high fields for longer periods and to extend GaAs PCSSs to dc applications, we have utilized neutron-irradiated GaAs (n-GaAs). Neutron irradiation in GaAs increases the defect density, shortens the carrier recombination time, and (for devices with large insulating regions) reduces the dark current, which improves the dc hold-off strength. PCSS contacts in this research were created using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to produce high adhesion and low contact resistance. However, this can reduce the defect density near the contacts by annealing some of the n-induced defects. Hence, a range of RTA temperatures and neutron doses was studied to understand the tradeoff space for contact adhesion and dc hold-off. This paper presents results from I-V characterization and dc hold-off on irradiated and nonirradiated GaAs PCSSs. These PCSS devices were demonstrated to hold off fields of 39-61 kVDC/cm, respectively. Irradiation doses over a range of 3 x 10(13) - 1 x 10(15) (1 MeV Si equivalent) were explored in search of the optimal performance. Additionally, the impact of the fabrication processes on the benefits of irradiation is explored, and the observation of unusual low-frequency oscillations during GaAs I-V testing is discussed. C1 [Zutavern, Fred J.; Glover, Steven F.; Swalby, Michael E.; Cich, Michael J.; Mar, A.; Loubriel, Guillermo M.; Roose, L. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [White, Forest E.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Zutavern, FJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fjzutav@sandia.gov; sfglove@sandia.gov; meswalb@sandia.gov; mjcich@sandia.gov; amar@sandia.gov; gmloubr@sandia.gov; ldroose@sandia.gov; fewhite@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received September 30, 2009; revised February 2, 2010; accepted April 13, 2010. Date of publication June 14, 2010; date of current version October 8, 2010. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2708 EP 2715 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2049663 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400030 ER PT J AU Sharafat, S Aoyama, A Ghoniem, N Williams, B Katoh, Y AF Sharafat, S. Aoyama, A. Ghoniem, N. Williams, B. Katoh, Y. TI Heat Testing of a Prototypical SiC-Foam-Based Flow Channel Insert SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Flow channel inserts (FCIs); open-cell foam; porous; silicon carbide (SiC) ID COOLANT AB As part of the U. S. ITER test blanket module development effort, several flow channel insert (FCI) concepts using a variety of porous SiC and SiC/SiC composites are being developed. Using porous SiC, prototypes of FCI segments as large as 0.12 m x 0.75 m x 0.015 m were fabricated and heat tested with a maximum Delta T of similar to 150 degrees C across the FCI walls. In this paper, we report on two heat tests of the FCI prototypes. The first test used radiative heating of the inside of the FCI along with convective cooling of the outside of the FCI, which resulted in a temperature drop of about similar to 147 degrees C across the FCI wall. The second test involved partial submersion of the FCI structure in liquid PbLi, resulting in an inner wall surface temperature of about 600 degrees C and an outer wall temperature of about 450 degrees C (Delta T similar to 150 degrees C). Detailed thermomechanical analyses of the tests were conducted, and results of the simulations are discussed in the context of actual FCI operating conditions. C1 [Sharafat, S.; Aoyama, A.; Ghoniem, N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Williams, B.] Ultramet Inc, Prod Res & Dev, Pacoima, CA 91331 USA. [Katoh, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sharafat, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM shahrams@ucla.edu; brian.williams@ultramet.com; katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2993 EP 2998 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2058867 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670KV UT WOS:000283421500027 ER PT J AU Sioshansi, R Denholm, P AF Sioshansi, Ramteen Denholm, Paul TI The Value of Concentrating Solar Power and Thermal Energy Storage SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Economics; solar power generation; thermal energy storage (TES) AB This paper examines the value of concentrating solar power (CSP) and thermal energy storage (TES) in a number of regions in the southwestern United States. Our analysis shows that TES can increase the value of CSP by allowing more thermal energy from a CSP plant's solar field to be used, allowing a CSP plant to accommodate a larger solar field, and by allowing CSP generation to be shifted to hours with higher energy prices. We analyze the sensitivity of this value to a number of factors, including the optimization period, price and solar forecasting, ancillary service sales, and dry cooling of the CSP plant, and also estimate the capacity value of a CSP plant with TES. We further discuss the value of CSP plants and TES net of capital costs. C1 [Sioshansi, Ramteen] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Denholm, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sioshansi, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [AXL-9-99214-01] FX This work was supported by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC and by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Subcontract AXL-9-99214-01. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3029 J9 IEEE T SUSTAIN ENERG JI IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 1 IS 3 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1109/TSTE.2010.2052078 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA V30AD UT WOS:000208788000007 ER PT J AU Apple, J Vicente, R Yarberry, A Lohse, N Mills, E Jacobson, A Poppendieck, D AF Apple, J. Vicente, R. Yarberry, A. Lohse, N. Mills, E. Jacobson, A. Poppendieck, D. TI Characterization of particulate matter size distributions and indoor concentrations from kerosene and diesel lamps SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Kerosene; Lamps; PM(2.5); PM(10); Indoor air; light emitting diode lighting ID AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BIOMASS FUELS; COMBUSTION; EXPOSURES; MORTALITY; CITIES AB Over one-quarter of the world's population relies on fuel-based lighting. Kerosene lamps are often located in close proximity to users, potentially increasing the risk for respiratory illnesses and lung cancer. Particulate matter concentrations resulting from cook stoves have been extensively studied in the literature. However, characterization of particulate concentrations from fuel-based lighting has received minimal attention. This research demonstrates that vendors who use a single simple wick lamp in high-air-exchange market kiosks will likely be exposed to PM(2.5) concentrations that are an order of magnitude greater than ambient health guidelines. Using a hurricane lamp will reduce exposure to PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations by an order of magnitude compared to using a simple wick lamp. Vendors using a single hurricane or pressure lamp may not exceed health standards or guidelines for PM(2.5) and PM(10), but will be exposed to elevated 0.02-0.3 mu m particle concentrations. Vendors who change from fuel-based lighting to electric lighting technology for enhanced illumination will likely gain the ancillary health benefit of reduced particulate matter exposure. Vendors exposed only to ambient and fuel-based lighting particulate matter would see over an 80% reduction in inhaled PM(2.5) mass if they switched from a simple wick lamp to an electric lighting technology. C1 [Apple, J.; Vicente, R.; Yarberry, A.; Lohse, N.; Jacobson, A.; Poppendieck, D.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Mills, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poppendieck, D (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM poppendieck@gmail.com FU Art Rosenfeld and the Blum Center for Developing Economies at the University of California at Berkeley through U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Kristen Radecsky, Peter Johnstone, and Jenny Tracy for collecting data in Kenya in 2008 and 2009. We thank Art Rosenfeld and the Blum Center for Developing Economies at the University of California at Berkeley for providing generous financial support for this research, through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 399 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00664.x PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648RZ UT WOS:000281713000006 PM 20636337 ER PT J AU Kamm, JR Williams, TO Brock, JS Li, ST AF Kamm, James R. Williams, Todd O. Brock, Jerry S. Li, Shengtai TI Application of Gegenbauer polynomial expansions to mitigate Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier-Bessel series solutions of a dynamic sphere problem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Gibbs phenomenon; inverse polynomial reconstruction; linear elasticity; closed-form solution; spherical shell ID RECOVERING EXPONENTIAL ACCURACY; PIECEWISE ANALYTIC-FUNCTION; RECONSTRUCTION METHOD; PARTIAL SUM; RESOLUTION AB We utilize the inverse polynomial reconstruction (IPR) method to mitigate the Gibbs phenomenon observed in Fourier-Bessel (FB) series. Gibbs phenomenon is the oscillatory behavior that occurs near discontinuities when evaluating series solutions for Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems. We employ an approach that uses expansions of the solution in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials on each side of solution discontinuities, the location of which must be known in advance. The IPR solutions provide pointwise values that are more accurate than the truncated series solution, which are polluted by Gibbs phenomenon. We apply this method to discontinuous solutions of a time dependent, linear elastic spherical shell problem, for which a series solution is derived in terms of a FB expansion. For the loading conditions and material properties, we consider the Gibbs phenomenon in the FB solution for a perfectly elastic shell renders the numerically evaluated results unusable as an 'exact' solution for code verification analysis. We quantify the degree to which the IPR method eliminates the Gibbs phenomenon in the computed solution. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Kamm, James R.; Brock, Jerry S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Williams, Todd O.; Li, Shengtai] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kamm, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, X-3,MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kammj@lanl.gov OI Li, Shengtai/0000-0002-4142-3080 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Advanced Strategic Computing Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX Contract/grant sponsor: United States Department of Energy; contract/grant number: DE-AC52-06NA25396; Contract/grant sponsor: Advanced Strategic Computing Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory; This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Advanced Strategic Computing program at Los Alamos National Laboratory for funding this work as part of the Verification and Validation Program Element under Program Manager S. Doebling. The authors appreciate the helpful input provided by F. Hemez and G. Hutchens on an early draft of this work, and thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 2040-7939 J9 INT J NUMER METH BIO JI Int. J. Numer. Meth. Biomed. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1276 EP 1292 DI 10.1002/cnm.1207 PG 17 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 671AI UT WOS:000283471300005 ER PT J AU Han, Q Xu, H Ried, PP Olson, P AF Han, Q. Xu, H. Ried, P. P. Olson, P. TI Accelerated method for testing soldering tendency of core pins SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CAST METALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Die soldering; Die casting; Aluminium alloys; Ultrasonic vibration; Coatings ID DIE-CASTING DIES; MOLTEN ALUMINUM; MECHANISM; EROSION; STEEL AB An accelerated method for testing die soldering has been proposed and tested. High intensity ultrasonic vibration has been applied through a core pin to molten aluminium in order to simulate service conditions under die casting. Such conditions include high pressure and high impingement speed of molten metal on the pin. Soldering tendency of H-13 steel pins with or without commercial coatings was tested using this accelerated method. The experimental results indicate that soldering occurs within a few minutes of testing using this new method, much faster than that using the conventional methods. The coating failure mechanism identified in this new method is identical to that observed in the conventional methods, suggesting that the new method is suitable for testing soldering tendency of core pins under die casting conditions. C1 [Han, Q.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xu, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ried, P. P.] Ried, Engn, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Olson, P.] Balzers Inc, Balzers, IL 60124 USA. RP Han, Q (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn Technol, N Grant St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hanq@purdue.edu FU North American Die Casting Association; US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies; Automotive Lightweighting Materials Transportation Technology Program; ORNL SHARE user facility [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research was partly sponsored by the North American Die Casting Association and partly sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies, Automotive Lightweighting Materials Transportation Technology Program, the ORNL SHARE user facility, under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1364-0461 J9 INT J CAST METAL RES JI Int. J. Cast. Metals Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 5 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1179/136404610X12693537270217 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 639DH UT WOS:000280950500006 ER PT J AU Figueiredo, E Todd, MD Farrar, CR Flynn, E AF Figueiredo, E. Todd, M. D. Farrar, C. R. Flynn, E. TI Autoregressive modeling with state-space embedding vectors for damage detection under operational variability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Structural Health Monitoring; Damage detection; Multivariate Autoregressive model; State-space reconstruction ID STRANGE ATTRACTORS; DYNAMICS; JOINTS; TIME AB A nonlinear time series analysis is presented to detect damage in systems under varying operational and environmental conditions. This paper summarizes the use of a state-space reconstruction to infer the geometrical structure of a deterministic dynamical system from observed time series of the system response at multiple locations. The unique contribution of this paper is using a Multivariate Autoregressive (MAR) model of a baseline health condition to predict the state space, where the model encodes the embedding vectors rather than scalar time series. A hypothesis test is established that the MAR model will fail to predict future response if damage is present in the test condition, and this test is investigated for robustness in the context of operational and environmental variability (nondamage-related events). The applicability of this approach is demonstrated using multi-channel acceleration time series from a base-excited three-story building structure tested in laboratory environment. Under the assumption that many "real-word" damage modes induce transitions from linear to nonlinear response in a system, damage is simulated by a bumper mechanism that creates a repetitive, impact-type nonlinearity. Operational and environmental variations are simulated by changing stiffness and mass conditions, based on the assumption that these sources of variability usually manifest themselves as linear effects on measured data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Todd, M. D.; Flynn, E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Figueiredo, E.] Univ Porto, Dept Civil Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. [Farrar, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mdtodd@mail.ucsd.edu RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Figueiredo, Eloi/0000-0002-9168-6903; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 SI SI BP 822 EP 834 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.05.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 658HU UT WOS:000282481900002 ER PT J AU Bornn, L Farrar, CR Park, G AF Bornn, Luke Farrar, Charles R. Park, Gyuhae TI Damage detection in initially nonlinear systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Statistical structural health monitoring; Initially nonlinear; Support vector machine; Duffing oscillator ID STATISTICAL PROCESS-CONTROL; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; IDENTIFICATION AB The primary goal of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is to detect structural anomalies before they reach a critical level. Because of the potential life-safety and economic benefits, SHM has been widely studied over the past two decades. In recent years there has been an effort to provide solid mathematical and physical underpinnings for these methods; however, most focus on systems that behave linearly in their undamaged state-a condition that often does not hold in complex "real-world" systems and systems for which monitoring begins mid-lifecycle. In this work, we highlight the inadequacy of linear-based methodology in handling initially nonlinear systems. We then show how the recently developed autoregressive support vector machine (AR-SVM) approach to time-series modeling can be used for detecting damage in a system that exhibits initially nonlinear response. This process is applied to data acquired from a structure with induced nonlinearity tested in a laboratory environment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bornn, Luke; Farrar, Charles R.; Park, Gyuhae] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farrar@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was partially funded by a grant from the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 SI SI BP 909 EP 920 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.05.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 658HU UT WOS:000282481900008 ER PT J AU Au, M Walters, RT AF Au, Ming Walters, R. Tom TI Reversibility aspect of lithium borohydrides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Borohydride; Hydrogen; Storage; Reversibility; Rehydrogenation ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; LIBH4 AB Reversibility is one of the key features for any hydrogen storage material. Borohydrides such as LiBH4 have been studied or proposed as candidates for hydrogen storage because of their high hydrogen contents (18.4 wt% for LiBH4). Limited success has been made in reducing the dehydrogenation temperature. However, full reversibility has not been realized. It is found that the dehydrogenation mechanism of metal borohydrides differs signicantly from the well-known metal hydrides such as LaNi5H6 and MgH2 that release hydrogen in a single decomposition step through a solid state transformation of crystalline structure. The dehydrogenation of lithium borohydrides involves solid-liquid-gas reactions. Some of the steps in the multiple step decomposition processes of metal borohydrides are not reversible. Furthermore, the decomposition also produces stable intermediate compounds that cannot be rehydrided easily. Lastly, the volatile gases, such as BH3 and B2H6, evolved in decomposition of the transition metal borohydrides cause unrecoverable boron loss. Although our experiments show the partial reversibility of the doped LiBH4, it was not sustainable during dehydriding-rehydriding cycles because of the accumulation of hydrogen inert species and boron loss. Doping with additives reduces the stability of LiBH4, but it also makes LiBH4 less reversible. It raises reasonable doubt on the feasibility of making metal borohydrides suitable for reversible hydrogen storage. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Au, Ming; Walters, R. Tom] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Au, M (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM ming_au@srnl.doe.gov FU NNSA; General Motors Corporation; US Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470] FX This project is financially supported by NNSA PDRD program and General Motors Corporation. Savannah River National Laboratory is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solution for US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC09-08SR22470. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 19 BP 10311 EP 10316 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.130 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 677GM UT WOS:000283977100032 ER PT J AU Zhang, YHP AF Zhang, Y. -H. Percival TI Renewable carbohydrates are a potential high-density hydrogen carrier SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Review DE Biomass; Cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation; Carbohydrate; Hydrogen carrier; Hydrogen storage; Synthetic biology ID BIOMASS-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS; BIOFUEL CELLS; FUEL-CELLS; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION; COFACTOR REGENERATION; CELLULOSOME CHIMERAS; AFFINITY ADSORPTION; SUPERCRITICAL WATER AB The possibility of using renewable biomass carbohydrates as a potential high-density hydrogen carrier is discussed here. Gravimetric density of polysaccharides is 14.8 H-2 mass% where water can be recycled from PEM fuel cells or 8.33% H-2 mass% without water recycling; volumetric densities of polysaccharides are >100 kg of H-2/m(3). Renewable carbohydrates (e.g., cellulosic materials and starch) are less expensive based on GJ than are other hydrogen carriers, such as hydrocarbons, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, and ammonia. Biotransformation of carbohydrates to hydrogen by cell-free synthetic (enzymatic) pathway biotransformation (SyPaB) has numerous advantages, such as high product yield (12 H-2/glucose unit), 100% selectivity, high energy conversion efficiency (122%, based on combustion energy), high-purity hydrogen generated, mild reaction conditions, low-cost of bioreactor, few safety concerns, and nearly no toxicity hazards. Although SyPaB may suffer from current low reaction rates, numerous approaches for accelerating hydrogen production rates are proposed and discussed. Potential applications of carbohydrate-based hydrogen/electricity generation would include hydrogen bioreactors, home-size electricity generators, sugar batteries for portable electronics, sugar-powered passenger vehicles, and so on. Developments in thermostable enzymes as standardized building blocks for cell-free SyPaB projects, use of stable and low-cost biomimetic NAD cofactors, and accelerating reaction rates are among the top research & development priorities. International collaborations are urgently needed to solve the above obstacles within a short time. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] DOE BioEnergy Sci Ctr BESC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Mud; DOE Bioenergy Science Center (BESC); USDA Biodesign and Bioprocess Center; DuPont FX This work was supported mainly by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Mud, and partially by DOE Bioenergy Science Center (BESC), USDA Biodesign and Bioprocess Center and DuPont Young Faculty Award. NR 88 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 19 BP 10334 EP 10342 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.132 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 677GM UT WOS:000283977100036 ER PT J AU Naterer, GF Suppiah, S Stolberg, L Lewis, M Wang, Z Daggupati, V Gabriel, K Dincer, I Rosen, MA Spekkens, P Lvov, SN Fowler, M Tremaine, P Mostaghimi, J Easton, EB Trevani, L Rizvi, G Ikeda, BM Kaye, MH Lu, L Pioro, I Smith, WR Secnik, E Jiang, J Avsec, J AF Naterer, G. F. Suppiah, S. Stolberg, L. Lewis, M. Wang, Z. Daggupati, V. Gabriel, K. Dincer, I. Rosen, M. A. Spekkens, P. Lvov, S. N. Fowler, M. Tremaine, P. Mostaghimi, J. Easton, E. B. Trevani, L. Rizvi, G. Ikeda, B. M. Kaye, M. H. Lu, L. Pioro, I. Smith, W. R. Secnik, E. Jiang, J. Avsec, J. TI Canada's program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical Cu-Cl cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Thermochemical hydrogen; production; Copper-chlorine cycle ID COPPER-CHLORINE CYCLE; EXERGY ANALYSES; PRODUCTION STEP; RAIL TRANSPORTATION; WATER DECOMPOSITION; VS. ELECTRIFICATION; FLUIDIZED-BED; ENERGY; ONTARIO; HEAT AB This paper presents an overview of the status of Canada's program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle. Enabling technologies for the Cu-Cl cycle are being developed by a Canadian consortium, as part of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for hydrogen production with the next generation of nuclear reactors. Particular emphasis in this paper is given to hydrogen production with Canada's Super-Critical Water Reactor, SCWR. Recent advances towards an integrated lab-scale Cu-Cl cycle are discussed, including experimentation, modeling, simulation, advanced materials, thermochemistry, safety, reliability and economics. In addition, electrolysis during off-peak hours, and the processes of integrating hydrogen plants with Canada's nuclear plants are presented. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Naterer, G. F.; Wang, Z.; Daggupati, V.; Gabriel, K.; Dincer, I.; Rosen, M. A.; Easton, E. B.; Trevani, L.; Rizvi, G.; Ikeda, B. M.; Kaye, M. H.; Lu, L.; Pioro, I.; Smith, W. R.; Secnik, E.] Univ Ontario Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada. [Suppiah, S.; Stolberg, L.] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Lewis, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Spekkens, P.] Ontario Power Generat, Pickering, ON, Canada. [Lvov, S. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fowler, M.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Tremaine, P.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Mostaghimi, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. [Jiang, J.] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. [Avsec, J.] Univ Maribor, Fac Energy Technol, Maribor 8270, Slovenia. RP Naterer, GF (reprint author), Univ Ontario Inst Technol, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada. EM greg.naterer@uoit.ca RI Dincer, Ibrahim/A-5379-2012; Smith, William/G-4404-2010; OI Smith, William/0000-0002-1982-2050; Easton, E. Bradley/0000-0003-1493-0500 FU Atomic Energy of Canada Limited; Ontario Research Excellence Fund; Argonne National Laboratory (International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative; U.S. Department of Energy); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE); Canada Research Chairs (CRC) FX Support of this research and assistance from Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Ontario Research Excellence Fund, Argonne National Laboratory (International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative; U.S. Department of Energy), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE) and the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program are gratefully acknowledged. NR 77 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 20 SI SI BP 10905 EP 10926 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.087 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 683AD UT WOS:000284443200010 ER PT J AU Chen, JH Couvy, H Liu, HZ Drozd, V Daemen, LL Zhao, YS Kao, CC AF Chen, Jiuhua Couvy, Helene Liu, Haozhe Drozd, Vadym Daemen, Luke L. Zhao, Yusheng Kao, Chi-Chang TI In situ X-ray study of ammonia borane at high pressures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage material; Ammonia borane; High pressure; Phase transition; Bulk modulus; Phase stability ID CHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE; COBALT(0) NANOCLUSTERS CATALYST; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; GENERATION; DEHYDROGENATION; HYDROLYSIS; RAMAN; CRYSTAL; H3NBH3 AB In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments of ammonia borane synthesized using sonication assisted direct reaction (sodium borohydride and ammonium formate) were performed under high pressures up to 23 GPa at ambient temperature and up to 4 GPa at elevated temperatures (300 K-505 K). At ambient temperature, one first order phase transition (I4mm to Cmc2(1)) was observed at 1.3 GPa and one second order phase transition was observed at about 5 GPa. Fitting the measured volumetric compression data to the third order Birch-Mumaghan equation of state reveals a bulk modulus of K = 9.3 +/- 0.4 GPa (K' = 4.8) for the I4mm phase, K = 11.9 +/- 0.5 GPa (K' = 4.6) for the Cmc21 phase below 5 GPa, and K = 37 +/- 4 GPa (K' = 4.6) for pressure above 5 GPa. There is a 6% volume drop at the first order phase transition. Transition pressures from I4mm to Cmc2(1) phases were determined at elevated temperatures. The phase boundary has a negative Clapeyron slope of -1.67 MPa/K. The experiments also reveal a new structural transition when temperature increases to 450 K at 4 GPa. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. C1 [Chen, Jiuhua; Couvy, Helene; Drozd, Vadym] Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Chen, Jiuhua; Couvy, Helene; Drozd, Vadym] Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Liu, Haozhe] Harbin Inst Technol, Nat Sci Res Ctr, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. [Daemen, Luke L.; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kao, Chi-Chang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, JH (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, VH140,Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM chenj@fiu.edu RI Drozd, Vadym/B-2518-2009; Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46461]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSF [EAR 06-49658]; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC000105]; DOE-NNSA; W.M. Keck Foundation FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46461. The in situ X-ray diffraction experiments were performed at the X17B2 beam-line of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory and at HPCAT (Sector 16) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The high pressure facility at NSLS is supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR 06-49658. HPCAT is supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA, NSF, and the W.M. Keck Foundation. APS is supported by DOE-BES, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The JC would like to acknowledge EFree, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by DOE-BES under Award Number DE-SC000105, for personnel support. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 20 SI SI BP 11064 EP 11070 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.085 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 683AD UT WOS:000284443200027 ER PT J AU Chen, JP AF Chen, J. -P. TI MOMENTS OF SPIN STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS: SUM RULES AND POLARIZABILITIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Nucleon; spin; sum rule; moment; QCD; higher twist; Jefferson lab ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DEPENDENT STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(1)(P); VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(2); PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; POLARIZED ELECTRONS AB Nucleon structure study is one of the most important research areas in modern physics and has challenged us for decades. Spin has played an essential role and often brought surprises and puzzles to the investigation of the nucleon structure and the strong interaction. New experimental data on nucleon spin structure at low to intermediate momentum transfers combined with existing high momentum transfer data offer a comprehensive picture in the strong region of the interaction and of the transition region from the strong to the asymptotic-free region. Insight into some aspects of the theory for the strong interaction, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is gained by exploring lower moments of spin structure functions and their corresponding sum rules (i.e., the Bjorken, Burkhardt-Cottingham, Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH), and the generalized GDH). These moments are expressed in terms of an operator-product expansion using quark and gluon degrees of freedom at moderately large momentum transfers. The higher-twist contributions have been examined through the evolution of these moments as the momentum transfer varies from higher to lower values. Furthermore, QCD-inspired low-energy effective theories, which explicitly include chiral symmetry breaking, are tested at low momentum transfers. The validity of these theories is further examined as the momentum transfer increases to moderate values. It is found that chiral perturbation theory calculations agree reasonably well with the first moment of the spin structure function g1 at low momentum transfer of 0.05-0.1 GeV2 but fail to reproduce some of the higher moments, noticeably, the neutron data in the case of the generalized polarizability delta(LT). The Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule has been verified with good accuracy in a wide range of Q(2) assuming that no singular behavior of the structure functions is present at very high excitation energies. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM jpchen@jlab.org FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE [DE-AC05-84ER40150] FX Thanks to Alexandre Deur, Karl Slifer, and Patricia Solvignon for providing figures. Thanks to Alexandre Deur, Kees de Jager, and Vince Sulkosky for careful proof-reading. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The Southeastern Universities Research Association operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-84ER40150, Modification No. 175. NR 128 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 EI 1793-6608 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1893 EP 1921 DI 10.1142/S0218301310016405 PG 29 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 674ZV UT WOS:000283793700001 ER PT J AU Schubring, D Ashwood, AC Shedd, TA Hurlburt, ET AF Schubring, D. Ashwood, A. C. Shedd, T. A. Hurlburt, E. T. TI Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of liquid film thickness in annular flow. Part I: Methods and data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE Film thickness; Vertical flow; Annular flow; Fluorescence AB Most approaches to the modeling of annular flow require information regarding the thin liquid film surrounding the central gas core. This film is hypothesized to present a rough surface to the gas core, enhancing interfacial shear and pressure loss, with the roughness closely linked to the height of the film. This height is typically obtained from conductance probe measurements. The present work used planar laser-induced fluorescence to provide direct visualization of the liquid film in upward vertical air-water annular flow. Images were processed to produce the distribution of film heights. The standard deviation and average film thickness are found to be an increasing function of liquid flow and a decreasing function of gas flow, with the standard deviation approaching 0.4 times the average at sufficient liquid flow. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schubring, D.] Univ Florida, Visualizat Imaging & Computat Thermohydraul React, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schubring, D.; Ashwood, A. C.; Shedd, T. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Multiphase Flow Visualizat & Anal Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ashwood, A. C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hurlburt, E. T.] Bettis Lab, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. RP Schubring, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Visualizat Imaging & Computat Thermohydraul React, 202 Nucl Sci Bldg,POB 118300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dlschubring@ufl.edu FU Bettis Laboratory FX The financial support of Bettis Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 10 BP 815 EP 824 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2010.05.007 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 645KZ UT WOS:000281457200005 ER PT J AU Jankovic, JT Hollenbeck, SM Zontek, TL AF Jankovic, John T. Hollenbeck, Scott M. Zontek, Tracy L. TI Ambient Air Sampling During Quantum-Dot Spray Deposition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE occupational health; nanomaterials; ambient air monitoring; quantum dots ID POTENTIAL INHALATION EXPOSURE; ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE NEAT; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; IDENTIFICATION; PART AB Ambient air sampling for nanosize particle emissions was performed during spot spray coating with a Sono-Tek Exacta Coat Benchtop system (ECB). Cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) and gold QDs, nominally 3.3 and 5 nm in diameter respectively, were applied during the evaluation. Median spray drop size was in the 20 to 60 micrometer size range. Industrial hygiene monitoring and evaluation of controls were revised when a scanning mobility particle sizer indicated a significant increase in the ambient air concentration upon early enclosure door-opening. A time delay sufficient to provide 10 enclosure air changes (a concentration reduction of more than 99.99%) before door-opening prevented the release of aerosol particles in any measurable size. As part of the evaluation, aerosol characterization in reference to background was made using condensation particle counters, atomic force and electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. C1 [Jankovic, John T.; Hollenbeck, Scott M.] US DOE, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, UT Battelle LLC, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zontek, Tracy L.] Western Carolina Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Environm Hlth Program, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Jankovic, JT (reprint author), 1086 Southwick Dr, Alcoa, TN 37701 USA. EM jankovicjt@hotmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HAMILTON HARDY PUBL INC PI ATTLEBORO PA 8 N MAIN ST, STE 404A, ATTLEBORO, MA 02703 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 388 EP 398 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 677AY UT WOS:000283962700005 PM 21222383 ER PT J AU Jankovic, JT Hall, MA Zontek, TL Hollenbeck, SM Ogle, BR AF Jankovic, John T. Hall, Michaela A. Zontek, Tracy L. Hollenbeck, Scott M. Ogle, Burton R. TI Particle Loss in a Scanning Mobility Particle Analyzer Sampling Extension Tube SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental health; industrial hygiene; nanomaterials; scanning mobility particle sizer; particle loss; indoor ambient aerosol AB Deposition of particles in sampling lines may occur due to various physical forces. Particles in the nanoscale are not highly susceptible to inertial or sedimentary deposition, and electrical losses are reportedly controlled by using conductive tubing. Particle losses from diffusion affect size distribution and number concentration. Selectively removing the smallest particles has the effect of increasing the statistical measure of particle size the geometric mean while decreasing number concentration and geometric standard deviation. Quantification of losses is necessary to interpret or correct the data. Sample loss from a rigid graphitic or flexible Tygon tube attached to a scanning mobility particle sizer inlet was investigated during sampling at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences. Mean concentrations and particle size parameters determined from samples collected with and without sample inlet extensions were compared. Number concentration decreased and mean particle size increased for both tubing types at lengths of similar to 0.7m. C1 [Jankovic, John T.; Hollenbeck, Scott M.] US DOE, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, UT Battelle LLC, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hall, Michaela A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Environm Hlth & Sci, Birmingham, AL USA. [Zontek, Tracy L.; Ogle, Burton R.] Western Carolina Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Cullowhee, NC USA. RP Jankovic, JT (reprint author), 1086 Southwick Dr, Alcoa, TN 37701 USA. EM jankovicjt@hotmail.com NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU HAMILTON HARDY PUBL INC PI ATTLEBORO PA 8 N MAIN ST, STE 404A, ATTLEBORO, MA 02703 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 677AY UT WOS:000283962700008 PM 21222386 ER PT J AU Jankovic, JT Zontek, TL Ogle, BR Hollenbeck, SM AF Jankovic, John T. Zontek, Tracy L. Ogle, Burton R. Hollenbeck, Scott M. TI Characterizing Aerosolized Particulate as Part of a Nanoprocess Exposure Assessment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental health; industrial hygiene; nanomaterials; nanoprocess exposure assessment; aerosolized particulate ID PARTICLES AB Characterizing a process aerosol in the nanoscale beyond numeric concentration can assist in hazard assessment and in separating aerosolized process material from background aerosol. Size and size distribution, chemical composition, solubility, shape, and surface area may become important categorization parameters of exclusion/inclusion for purposes of exposure control. Various particle parameters are presented using examples from a process simulation. The process aerosol was composed of insoluble carbon particles plus environmental background constituents at an average air concentration of 2.76E+5 particles/cubic centimeter (p/cm(3)). Greater than 70% of the carbon particulate was blade-like in shape, 50% of which had a height dimension <= 100 nm. The equivalent spherical mobility diameter of 0.8% of the particulate was 100 nm in size. The carbon blades had a root-mean-square roughness of 75 nm and an average fractal dimension of 2.25. Obtaining these measures characterizes the aerosol and identifies parameters that may be important toxicologically. C1 [Jankovic, John T.; Hollenbeck, Scott M.] US DOE, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, UT Battelle LLC, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zontek, Tracy L.; Ogle, Burton R.] Western Carolina Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Environm Hlth Program, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Jankovic, JT (reprint author), 1086 Southwick Dr, Alcoa, TN 37701 USA. EM jankovicjt@hotmail.com FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, US Department of Energy (DOE) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX Received from: Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, operated for the US Department of Energy by UT Battelle, LLC. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, US (JTJ, SMH); Western Carolina University, School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health Program, Cullowhee, NC, US (TLZ, BRO). This research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, US Department of Energy (DOE). This research was supported in part by Tracy L. Zontek and Burton Ogles appointment to the US DOE Higher Education Research Experiences for faculty at Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HAMILTON HARDY PUBL INC PI ATTLEBORO PA 8 N MAIN ST, STE 404A, ATTLEBORO, MA 02703 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 451 EP 457 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 677AY UT WOS:000283962700010 PM 21222388 ER PT J AU Liao, CH Quinlan, DJ Willcock, JJ Panas, T AF Liao, Chunhua Quinlan, Daniel J. Willcock, Jeremiah J. Panas, Thomas TI Semantic-Aware Automatic Parallelization of Modern Applications Using High-Level Abstractions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Automatic parallelization; High-level abstractions; Semantics; ROSE; OpenMP ID TELESCOPING LANGUAGES; INFRASTRUCTURE; GENERATION; LIBRARIES AB Automatic introduction of OpenMP for sequential applications has attracted significant attention recently because of the proliferation of multicore processors and the simplicity of using OpenMP to express parallelism for shared-memory systems. However, most previous research has only focused on C and Fortran applications operating on primitive data types. Modern applications using high-level abstractions, such as C++ STL containers and complex user-defined class types, are largely ignored due to the lack of research compilers that are readily able to recognize high-level object-oriented abstractions and leverage their associated semantics. In this paper, we use a source-to-source compiler infrastructure, ROSE, to explore compiler techniques to recognize high-level abstractions and to exploit their semantics for automatic parallelization. Several representative parallelization candidate kernels are used to study semantic-aware parallelization strategies for high-level abstractions, combined with extended compiler analyses. Preliminary results have shown that semantics of abstractions can help extend the applicability of automatic parallelization to modern applications and expose more opportunities to take advantage of multicore processors. C1 [Liao, Chunhua; Quinlan, Daniel J.; Panas, Thomas] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Willcock, Jeremiah J.] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. RP Liao, CH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM liao6@llnl.gov; dquinlan@llnl.gov; jewillco@osl.iu.edu; panas2@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank Dr. Qing Yi for her dependence analysis implementation in ROSE. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7458 J9 INT J PARALLEL PROG JI Int. J. Parallel Program. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 5-6 BP 361 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s10766-010-0139-0 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 641WW UT WOS:000281163100003 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, S Haroon, MF Rabkin, BA Tyson, GW Hugenholtz, P AF Yilmaz, Suzan Haroon, Mohamed F. Rabkin, Brian A. Tyson, Gene W. Hugenholtz, Philip TI Fixation-free fluorescence in situ hybridization for targeted enrichment of microbial populations SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS); cell fixation; genomics ID QUENCHED AUTOLIGATION PROBES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; CELLS AB We modified the standard ribosomal RNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol by removing the fixation steps to allow recovery of unmodified nucleic acids. Using this method, hybridized cells could be visualized in two bioreactor sludges and termite hindgut samples by epifluorescence microscopy. We then targeted one bacterial and one archaeal population in the sludge samples with group-specific oligonucleotide probes using in-solution fixation-free FISH and sorted hybridized populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We could show that sorted populations were highly enriched for the target organisms based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, thus confirming probe specificity using the modified FISH protocol. This approach should facilitate subsequent genomic sequencing and analysis of targeted populations as DNA is not compromised by crosslinking during fixation. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 1352-1356; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.73; published online 27 May 2010 C1 [Yilmaz, Suzan; Rabkin, Brian A.; Hugenholtz, Philip] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Haroon, Mohamed F.; Tyson, Gene W.] Univ Queensland, Adv Water Management Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, 2800 Mitchell Dr,Bldg 400, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM phugenholtz@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Tyson, Gene/C-6558-2013 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Norm Pace, Rudi Amann and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments, and John Wilson, Virginia Nink and Geoff Osbourne of the Queensland Brain Institute Flow Cytometry facility for their assistance. We also thank Shihu Hu for bioreactor operation and Zhiguo Yuan for support of MFH. This work was conducted in part at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute that is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1352 EP 1356 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.73 PG 5 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 655LB UT WOS:000282250400012 PM 20505753 ER PT J AU Ray, PK Brammer, T Ye, YY Akinc, M Kramer, MJ AF Ray, P. K. Brammer, T. Ye, Y. Y. Akinc, M. Kramer, M. J. TI A multi-stage hierarchical approach to alloy design SO JOM LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; DEGREES-C; METALS; BORON; TEMPERATURE; MO5SI3 AB A multi-stage hierarchical sieving approach based on a combination of semiempirical and ab initio calculations along with selected experimental studies was used to down-select potential alloy Systems for ultra-high-temperature applications. This approach indicates that the Mo-Ni-Al system has potential for applications at the target temperatures of 1,200-1,300A degrees C. The Mo was selected for its high melting temperature, room temperature toughness, and creep resistance while the NiAl is a reservoir for the Al (2) O (3) passivating scale. Microstructures based on casting and powder processing of the Mo-Ni-Al alloys were studied. Oxidation behavior of the Mo-Ni-Al alloys at 1,100 and 1,200A degrees C in dry air was determined and those alloys with a parts per thousand currency sign20 at. % Mo were shown to be superior to the T2 (Mo (5) SiB (2) ). Furthermore, the calculations predicted that small amounts of platinum group metals Pd, Ir, and Rh additions would increase the melting temperature without forming detrimental intermetallic phases, which results in improved oxidation stability of the NiAl phase. C1 [Ray, P. K.; Brammer, T.; Ye, Y. Y.; Akinc, M.; Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ray, P. K.; Brammer, T.; Ye, Y. Y.; Akinc, M.; Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ray, PK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mjkramer@ameslab.gov RI Ray, Pratik/C-5383-2008 OI Ray, Pratik/0000-0002-0656-4566 FU Department of Energy-Fossil Energy through Ames Laboratory through Iowa State University [DEAC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy-Fossil Energy (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program) through Ames Laboratory contract no. DEAC02-07CH11358 through Iowa State University. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD OCT PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s11837-010-0151-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 666FI UT WOS:000283098900005 ER PT J AU Zhao, JK Gao, CY Liu, D AF Zhao, J. K. Gao, C. Y. Liu, D. TI The extended Q-range small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer at the SNS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle neutron scattering; time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering; extended Q-range small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer; frame skipping; Spallation Neutron Source AB The extended Q-range small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer (EQ-SANS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge, is designed for wide neutron momentum transfer (Q) coverage, high neutron beam intensity and good wavelength resolution. In addition, the design and construction of the instrument aim to achieve a maximum signal-to-noise ratio by minimizing the background. The instrument is located on the high-power target station at the SNS. One of the key components in the primary flight path is the neutron optics, consisting of a curved multichannel beam bender and sections of straight neutron guides. They are optimized to minimize neutron transport loss, thereby maximizing the available flux on the sample. They also enable the avoidance of a direct line of sight to the neutron moderator at downstream locations. The instrument has three bandwidth-limiting choppers. They allow a novel frame-skipping operation, which enables the EQ-SANS diffractometer to achieve a dynamic Q range equivalent to that of a similar machine on a 20 Hz source. The two-dimensional low-angle detector, based on 3He tube technologies, offers very high counting rates and counting efficiency. Initial operations have shown that the instrument has achieved its design goals. C1 [Zhao, J. K.; Gao, C. Y.; Liu, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhao, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhaoj@ornl.gov RI Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013; Liu, Dazhi/G-2675-2013 OI Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952; Liu, Dazhi/0000-0002-7604-6940 NR 25 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 43 BP 1068 EP 1077 DI 10.1107/S002188981002217X PN 5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 652IH UT WOS:000281996600018 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z Jaskolski, M AF Dauter, Zbigniew Jaskolski, Mariusz TI How to read (and understand) Volume A of International Tables for Crystallography: an introduction for nonspecialists SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE symmetry; space groups; International Tables for Crystallography; crystallographic education AB Since fewer and fewer students get proper crystallographic education at the undergraduate level, the responsibility to promote and propagate this knowledge must be directed to alternative channels. It is not a marginal issue, because the language of crystallography is rather hermetic and, without proper support, it might disappear from the collective scientific knowledge, so that in the next generation there would be no-one able to use it properly, to say nothing about advancing the field. Black-box crystallography might be useful in some situations, but it cannot replace well informed, conscious scientific pursuits by properly trained specialists. Without sufficient understanding of crystallographic terms and principles, the now thriving branch of structural research would wither, and this could have particularly lamentable consequences for structural biology. The purpose of this article is to teach non-initiated persons, primarily structural biologists, how to interpret the information contained in the fundamental Volume A of International Tables for Crystallography (ITA). An excellent and comprehensive overview of many issues concerning crystal symmetry is presented in a book by Burns & Glazer (Space Groups for Solid State Scientists, 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press, 1990), also explaining the contents of ITA, but this text is unfortunately not popular among structural biologists. There are several superb handbooks explaining the foundations of structural crystallography but they usually do it without direct reference to ITA. There is also a comprehensive introduction included in ITA, but it is written in rather hermetic language and is, therefore, not suitable for nonspecialists with no training in exact sciences. This article, which uses simple language to explain all the terms encountered on the space-group pages of ITA, is meant to bridge this growing gap in crystallographic instruction. The explanations are illustrated with actual examples taken directly from the pages of ITA. C1 [Dauter, Zbigniew] NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jaskolski, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Fac Chem, Dept Crystallog, Poznan, Poland. [Jaskolski, Mariusz] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bioorgan Chem, Ctr Biocrystallog Res, Poznan, Poland. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zdauter@anl.gov; mariuszj@amu.edu.pl NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 43 BP 1150 EP 1171 DI 10.1107/S0021889810026956 PN 5 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 652IU UT WOS:000281998200004 ER PT J AU Sweet, RM Soares, A AF Sweet, R. M. Soares, A. TI RapiData: a practical course in macromolecular X-ray diffraction data measurement and structure solving at the NSLS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE crystallographic education; RapiData; macromolecular crystallography; NSLS AB RapiData provides two days of high-level lectures, then two more of experimental work on several beamlines of the National Synchrotron Light Source, for about 50 students. Students are invited to bring their own research projects for measurement, and about half of them do. The students frequently solve half a dozen structures during the course. Tutorials by the lecturers run throughout the data-collection period. The crystal-preparation laboratory is popular for tutorials and practice, and often there is a beamline available for practice. This article provides details about the organization of the course and tells some of the reasons for its success. C1 [Sweet, R. M.; Soares, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11786 USA. RP Sweet, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11786 USA. EM sweet@bnl.gov RI Soares, Alexei/F-4800-2014 OI Soares, Alexei/0000-0002-6565-8503 FU NIH's National Center for Research Resources; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental research; DOE; NIH; International Union of Crystallography; Brookhaven Science Associates; NSLS; Hoffmann-La Roche and Area Detector Systems Corporation; Hampton Research Corporation; Rigaku Americas Corporation; Bruker AXS; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Global Phasing; Global Phasing and MiTeGen FX The course is funded in part by students' fees, which until now have paid only for their room, board and supplies, and by grants from NIH's National Center for Research Resources and the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental research. In addition to the fees and the DOE and NIH funding, a special grant was provided by the International Union of Crystallography to assist Latin American students in attending the course. Additional support was provided by Brookhaven Science Associates and of course the NSLS. We have enjoyed significant, critical financial support from Hoffmann-La Roche and Area Detector Systems Corporation, and important and enduring 'in-kind' support from Hampton Research Corporation, Rigaku Americas Corporation, Bruker AXS, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Phasing and MiTeGen. Finally, the employers of all the visiting teachers are donating a week of these people's time, and we warmly acknowledge that gift. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 43 BP 1238 EP 1241 DI 10.1107/S0021889810034527 PN 5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 652IU UT WOS:000281998200011 ER PT J AU Toby, BH AF Toby, Brian H. TI Observations on online educational materials for powder diffraction crystallography software SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE crystallographic education; online educational materials; computer programs; powder diffraction ID PROGRAM AB This article presents a series of approaches used to educate potential users of crystallographic software for powder diffraction. The approach that has been most successful in the author's opinion is the web lecture, where an audio presentation is coupled to a video-like record of the contents of the presenter's computer screen. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Toby, BH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM brian.toby@anl.gov RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0545517] FX The author would like to thank the management of the Argonne Advanced Photon Source for their immediate interest in distribution of educational materials. Work at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. In addition, the author is very grateful to Professor Cora Lind and the University of Toledo Department of Chemistry for permission to post her lectures from Chem. 4980/6850/8850 and to the National Science Foundation CAREER award DMR-0545517 that supported her work. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 43 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1107/S0021889810034382 PN 5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 652IU UT WOS:000281998200015 ER PT J AU Caldwell, P AF Caldwell, Peter TI California Wintertime Precipitation Bias in Regional and Global Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GRIDDED PRECIPITATION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE CLIMATE; SOUTH-AMERICA; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS AB In this paper, wintertime precipitation from a variety of observational datasets, regional climate models (RCMs), and general circulation models (GCMs) is averaged over the state of California and compared. Several averaging methodologies are considered and all are found to give similar values when the model grid spacing is less than 3 degrees. This suggests that California is a reasonable size for regional intercomparisons using modern GCMs. Results show that reanalysis-forced RCMs tend to significantly overpredict California precipitation. This appears to be due mainly to the overprediction of extreme events; RCM precipitation frequency is generally underpredicted. Overprediction is also reflected in wintertime precipitation variability, which tends to be too high for RCMs on both daily and interannual scales. Wintertime precipitation in most (but not all) GCMs is underestimated. This is in contrast to previous studies based on global blended gauge-satellite observations, which are shown here to underestimate precipitation relative to higher-resolution gauge-only datasets. Several GCMs provide reasonable daily precipitation distributions, a trait that does not seem to be tied to model resolution. The GCM daily and interannual variabilities are generally underpredicted. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. RP Caldwell, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. EM caldwell19@llnl.gov RI Caldwell, Peter/K-1899-2014 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We gratefully acknowledge NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory's Physical Science Division (PSD), the Surface Water Modeling group at UW, CRU at the University of East Anglia, and the GPCP and CMAP teams for providing observational data. In particular, Unified, CMAP, and UDel data were provided by NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD in Boulder, Colorado, from their Web site ( http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/). We also thank the international modeling groups that provided their GCM data for analysis and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison for collecting and archiving that data. Thanks also are given to the NARCCAP modeling groups and the NARCCAP program, which is funded by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, NOAA, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. We also thank Celine Bonfils, Karl Taylor, Ben Santer, and Dave Bader for useful discussions. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 as part of its Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 49 IS 10 BP 2147 EP 2158 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2388.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661CO UT WOS:000282700800005 ER PT J AU Brown, G Pudov, A Cardozo, B Faifer, V Bykov, E Contreras, M AF Brown, Gregory Pudov, Alex Cardozo, Ben Faifer, Vladimir Bykov, Eugene Contreras, Miguel TI Quantitative imaging of electronic nonuniformities in Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; COLLECTION; PERFORMANCE; LIMITATIONS; CDS AB Equations describing the effect of electronic nonuniformities on electroluminescence (EL) and electron beam induced current (EBIC) images are derived and tested on Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 solar cells. EL images are sensitive to fluctuations in band gap and carrier collection across a cell. EBIC images are only sensitive to variations in carrier collection allowing the two nonuniformities to be separated. Equations are derived connecting the distribution of EL intensities to the open circuit voltage loss from band gap fluctuations. Experimentally, the samples studied show the largest variation in carrier collection function on a length scale of over 100 mu m while the band gap varied almost linearly across the cell. The influence of shunt, series, and stack resistances on EL images is also discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3485814] C1 [Brown, Gregory; Pudov, Alex; Cardozo, Ben; Faifer, Vladimir; Bykov, Eugene] Nanosolar Inc, San Jose, CA 95138 USA. [Contreras, Miguel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), Nanosolar Inc, San Jose, CA 95138 USA. EM gregory.brown@nanosolar.com NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 074516 DI 10.1063/1.3485814 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200150 ER PT J AU Cho, JY Shi, X Salvador, JR Yang, J Wang, H AF Cho, Jung Young Shi, Xun Salvador, J. R. Yang, J. Wang, H. TI Thermoelectric properties of ternary diamondlike semiconductors Cu2Ge1+xSe3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; CU2GESE3; SYSTEM; A1BVX2; PHASE; BV=SB; SE AB Ternary diamondlike semiconductors Cu2Ge1+xSe3 have been synthesized by direct-melting the constituent elements under several different synthetic conditions. The Hall effect and thermoelectric properties of Cu2Ge1+xSe3 were measured. All samples show positive Hall coefficients (R-H) for the whole temperature range studied, and a positive Seebeck coefficient of 360 mu V K-1 was observed at 300 K for Cu2GeSe3. Low thermal conductivities were also observed for all samples; the lowest value reaches 1.0 Wm(-1) K-1 at 745 K. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3488021] C1 [Cho, Jung Young; Shi, Xun] Optimal Inc, Plymouth Township, MI 48170 USA. [Salvador, J. R.] GM R&D Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Yang, J.] GM R&D Ctr, Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Wang, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cho, JY (reprint author), Optimal Inc, Plymouth Township, MI 48170 USA. EM jihui.yang@gm.com RI Yang, Jihui/A-3109-2009; shi, xun/B-4499-2009; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI shi, xun/0000-0002-3806-0303; Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU GM; DOE [DE-FC26-04NT42278, DEAC05000OR22725]; Office at Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX J.Y.C., X.S., J.R.S., and J.Y. would like to thank J. Herbst and M. Verbrugge for their continued support and encouragement. Elemental analysis provided by Richard Waldo and x-ray powder diffraction measurements provided by Richard Speers, Jr. are highly appreciated. The work is supported by GM and by DOE under corporate agreement under Grant No. DE-FC26-04NT42278, by the assistant secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by the UT-Battlelle LLC, and the Department of Energy under Contract DEAC05000OR22725. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073713 DI 10.1063/1.3488021 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200073 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, DA Busby, R Cary, JR Ben-Zvi, I Rao, T Smedley, J Chang, X Keister, JW Wu, Q Muller, E AF Dimitrov, D. A. Busby, R. Cary, J. R. Ben-Zvi, I. Rao, T. Smedley, J. Chang, X. Keister, J. W. Wu, Q. Muller, E. TI Multiscale three-dimensional simulations of charge gain and transport in diamond SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RADIATION DETECTORS; MEAN FREE PATHS; NATURAL DIAMOND; ELECTRON-EMISSION; CONDENSED MATTER; FDTD ALGORITHM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTORS; POSITRONS AB A promising new concept of a diamond-amplified photocathode for generation of high-current, high-brightness, and low thermal emittance electron beams was recently proposed and is currently under active development. Detailed understanding of physical processes with multiple energy and time scales is required to design reliable and efficient diamond-amplifier cathodes. We have implemented models, within the VORPAL computational framework, to simulate secondary electron generation and charge transport in diamond in order to facilitate the investigation of the relevant effects involved. The models include inelastic scattering of electrons and holes for generation of electron-hole pairs, elastic, phonon, and charge impurity scattering. We describe the integrated modeling capabilities we developed and present results on charge gain and collection efficiency as a function of primary electron energy and applied electric field. We compare simulation results with available experimental data. The simulations show an overall qualitative agreement with the observed charge gain from transmission mode experiments and have enabled better understanding of the collection efficiency measurements. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491041] C1 [Dimitrov, D. A.; Busby, R.; Cary, J. R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ben-Zvi, I.; Rao, T.; Smedley, J.; Chang, X.; Keister, J. W.; Wu, Q.; Muller, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dimitrov, DA (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dad@txcorp.com RI Muller, Erik/A-9790-2008 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER84509, DE-FG02-08ER41547]; VORPAL code development team FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant Nos. DE-FG02-06ER84509 (Tech-X Corp.) and DE-FG02-08ER41547 (Stony Brook University). D. A. Dimitrov acknowledges helpful discussions with David N. Smithe on EM PIC simulations. We also acknowledge support from the VORPAL code development team: D. Alexander, K. Amyx, T. Austin, G. I. Bell, D. L. Bruhwiler, J. Carlsson, E. Cormier-Michel, Y. Choi, B. M. Cowan, M. Durant, A. Hakim, B. Jamroz, D. P. Karipides, M. Koch, A. Likhanskii, M. C. Lin, J. Loverich, S. Mahalingam, P. Messmer, P. J. Mullowney, C. Nieter, K. Paul, I. Pogorelov, V. Ranjbar, C. Roark, B. T. Schwartz, S. W. Sides, D. N. Smithe, A. Sobol, P. H. Stoltz, S. A. Veitzer, D. J. Wade-Stein, G. R. Werner, N. Xiang, and C. D. Zhou. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073712 DI 10.1063/1.3491041 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200072 ER PT J AU Duda, JC Beechem, TE Smoyer, JL Norris, PM Hopkins, PE AF Duda, John C. Beechem, Thomas E. Smoyer, Justin L. Norris, Pamela M. Hopkins, Patrick E. TI Role of dispersion on phononic thermal boundary conductance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERFACES; HEAT; TEMPERATURES; SOLIDS AB The diffuse mismatch model (DMM) is one of the most widely implemented models for predicting thermal boundary conductance at interfaces where phonons dominate interfacial thermal transport. In the original presentation of the DMM, the materials comprising the interface were described as Debye solids. Such a treatment, while accurate in the low temperature regime for which the model was originally intended, is less accurate at higher temperatures. Here, the DMM is reformulated such that, in place of Debye dispersion, the materials on either side of the interface are described by an isotropic dispersion obtained from exact phonon dispersion diagrams in the [100] crystallographic direction. This reformulated model is applied to three interfaces of interest: Cr-Si, Cu-Ge, and Ge-Si. It is found that Debye dispersion leads to substantially higher predictions of thermal boundary conductance. Additionally, it is shown that optical phonons play a significant role in interfacial thermal transport, a notion not previously explored. Lastly, the role of the assumed dispersion is more broadly explored for Cu-Ge interfaces. The prediction of thermal boundary conductance via the DMM with the assumed isotropic [100] dispersion relationships is compared to predictions with isotropic [111] and exact three-dimensional phonon dispersion relationships. It is found that regardless of the chosen crystallographic direction, the predictions of thermal boundary conductance using isotropic phonon dispersion relationships are within a factor of two of those predictions using an exact three-dimensional phonon dispersion. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3483943] C1 [Duda, John C.; Smoyer, Justin L.; Norris, Pamela M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Beechem, Thomas E.; Hopkins, Patrick E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Duda, JC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM duda@virginia.edu; tebeech@sandia.gov; jls5ra@virginia.edu; pamela@virginia.edu; pehopki@sandia.gov RI Duda, John/A-7214-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0245]; National Science Foundation; LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors at U.Va. would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0245). J.C.D. is greatly appreciative for financial support from the National Science Foundation through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program. P. E. H. is grateful for funding from the LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories Harry S. Truman Fellowship. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed-Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073515 DI 10.1063/1.3483943 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200039 ER PT J AU Gharagozloo, PE Goodson, KE AF Gharagozloo, Patricia E. Goodson, Kenneth E. TI Aggregate fractal dimensions and thermal conduction in nanofluids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE LIGHT-SCATTERING; ENHANCEMENT; NANOPARTICLES; RESISTANCE; GOLD AB The mechanism producing enhanced thermal conductivities of nanofluids has been the subject of much debate. The formation of aggregates allowing for percolation paths within the fluid has shown the most promise. This work studies the aggregate formation of a nanofluid and compares the results to earlier thermal conductivity measurements and Monte Carlo simulation results. Static light scattering is employed to measure the fractal dimension of aggregates formed in the nanofluid over time at various temperatures and concentrations. As expected, aggregates form more quickly at higher concentrations and temperatures, which explains the increased enhancement with temperature reported by other research groups. The permanent aggregates in the nanofluid are found to have a fractal dimension of 2.4 and the aggregate formations that grow over time are found to have a fractal dimension of 1.8, which is consistent with diffusion limited aggregation. Predictions indicate that as aggregates grow the viscosity increases at a faster rate than thermal conductivity making the highly aggregated nanofluids unfavorable, especially at the low fractal dimension of 1.8. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3481423] C1 [Gharagozloo, Patricia E.; Goodson, Kenneth E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Gharagozloo, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM peghara@sandia.gov RI Goodson, Kenneth/C-3545-2011 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-0374-P00001]; National Science Foundation; Sandia National Laboratories FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Office of Naval Research through Contract No. N00014-05-0374-P00001 and graduate fellowships from the National Science Foundation and Sandia National Laboratories. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 074309 DI 10.1063/1.3481423 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200125 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Munoz, JA Mauger, L Li, CW Sheets, AO Turgut, Z Horwath, J Abernathy, DL Stone, MB Delaire, O Xiao, YM Fultz, B AF Lucas, M. S. Munoz, J. A. Mauger, L. Li, Chen W. Sheets, A. O. Turgut, Z. Horwath, J. Abernathy, D. L. Stone, M. B. Delaire, O. Xiao, Yuming Fultz, B. TI Effects of chemical composition and B2 order on phonons in bcc Fe-Co alloys (vol 108, 023519, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Lucas, M. S.; Sheets, A. O.; Turgut, Z.; Horwath, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Munoz, J. A.; Mauger, L.; Li, Chen W.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.; Delaire, O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.steven.lucas@gmail.com RI Li, Chen/D-1542-2010; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012 OI Li, Chen/0000-0002-0758-5334; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 079902 DI 10.1063/1.3484430 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200171 ER PT J AU Millett, JCF Bourne, NK Chu, MQ Jones, IP Gray, GT Appleby-Thomas, G AF Millett, J. C. F. Bourne, N. K. Chu, M. Q. Jones, I. P. Gray, G. T., III Appleby-Thomas, G. TI The role of aging on the mechanical and microstructural response of aluminum 6061 to one-dimensional shock loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; CU-AL ALLOYS; LATERAL STRESS; DISLOCATION DENSITY; TUNGSTEN ALLOY; SHEAR-STRENGTH; PEAK PRESSURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; NICKEL AB The shock response of the aluminum alloy 6061, and its variation according to heat treatment have been monitored via the placement of stress gauges in such orientations so as to be sensitive to the lateral component of stress, and hence the shear strength. To complement these measurements, the postshock microstructure and mechanical response have also been determined via full one-dimensional recovery techniques. Results have shown that the solution treated (T0) state, as a largely single phase material displays a fast rising shock pulse with a significant degree of hardening behind the shock front. This indicates that a high degree of dislocation generation is expected. Postshock analysis of recovered samples has confirmed this hypothesis, with dislocation cells being observed and a notable increase in the yield strength in comparison to the as-received material. In contrast, the aged (T6) experiments showed a much longer rise time with a lower degree of hardening behind the shock front. Microstructural analysis postshock shows a more randomized dislocation distribution, with little or no postshock hardening occurring once the shock induced strain has been accounted for. This has been attributed to the presence of fine Mg(2)Si precipitates inhibiting the motion and generation of dislocations. These measurements are in agreement with work previously carried out on this material. Comparison of the shear strengths of the two heat treatments also shows that although the T6 condition is a little higher than T0, the differences are somewhat lower than expected. [doi:10.1063/1.3490135] C1 [Millett, J. C. F.; Bourne, N. K.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Chu, M. Q.; Jones, I. P.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Met & Mat, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Chu, M. Q.; Jones, I. P.] Univ Birmingham, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Gray, G. T., III] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Appleby-Thomas, G.] Cranfield Univ, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. RP Millett, JCF (reprint author), AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM jeremy.millett@awe.co.uk OI Jones, Ian/0000-0002-3948-8109 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073502 DI 10.1063/1.3490135 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200026 ER PT J AU Moutinho, HR Dhere, RG Jiang, CS Yan, YF Albin, DS Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, H. R. Dhere, R. G. Jiang, C. -S. Yan, Yanfa Albin, D. S. Al-Jassim, M. M. TI Investigation of potential and electric field profiles in cross sections of CdTe/CdS solar cells using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; FABRICATION; JUNCTION AB We investigated cross sections of working CdTe/CdS solar cells using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). The cross sections were prepared by polishing to avoid steps between the glass substrate and film that generally make the analysis difficult. However, this process resulted in strong pinning of the Fermi level. During the measurements, the cells were biased under different conditions, revealing the distribution of the electrical potential inside the device. We were able to identify different regions inside the device: in the region away from the CdTe/CdS junction, there was only a small variation in the potential; closer to the junction, the potential increased, due to the increase in the depletion regions with the reverse bias; at the junction, there was a sudden increase in the potential, which was attributed to interdiffusion between CdTe and CdS. By taking the first derivative of the potential, we were able to calculate the electric field inside the device. The maximum of the electric field, which locates the p-n junction, occurred at the interface between CdTe and CdS. However, the electric field at this location had a strong peak, in agreement with the existence of the interdiffusion layer, with higher doping, at the junction. The presence of this layer was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. We also investigated the distribution of the potential and electrical field inside a CdTe/SnO(2) device, without the CdS layer, and showed that the interdiffusion does not happen in this case. Finally, we used Poisson's equation to estimate the doping inside the CdTe film in both devices. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3463386] C1 [Moutinho, H. R.; Dhere, R. G.; Jiang, C. -S.; Yan, Yanfa; Albin, D. S.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM helio.moutinho@nrel.gov RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 FU DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work is supported or funded under DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. The authors thank Kim Jones for preparing the sample for TEM analysis. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 074503 DI 10.1063/1.3463386 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200137 ER PT J AU Sahoo, SK Misra, D Agrawal, DC Mohapatra, YN Majumder, SB Katiyar, RS AF Sahoo, S. K. Misra, D. Agrawal, D. C. Mohapatra, Y. N. Majumder, S. B. Katiyar, R. S. TI Leakage mechanism of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/ZrO2 multilayer thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BARRIER LAYER; CHARGE; POLARIZATION; REDUCTION; (BA AB The temperature and field dependence of the I-V characteristics of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films and Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/ZrO2 multilayer thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates are studied in the temperature range from 310 to 410 K. Leakage current behaviors of the film is analyzed in the light of various models. The bulk limited Poole-Frenkel mechanism is observed to dominate the leakage current in the temperature range of 310-410 K in the high field region. The energy of the trap levels calculated from the Poole-Frenkel model is in the range of 0.2-1.31 eV for different structures. In the low electric field region the conduction is Ohmic where as space charge limited current conduction is the dominant mechanism in the intermediate electric field region for all the temperatures. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490187] C1 [Sahoo, S. K.] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Sahoo, S. K.; Misra, D.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Sahoo, S. K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Agrawal, D. C.; Mohapatra, Y. N.] Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Mat Sci Programme, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Majumder, S. B.] Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur, Ctr Mat Sci, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Katiyar, R. S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Sahoo, SK (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM santoshiitk@gmail.com OI Mohapatra, Yashowanta/0000-0002-7380-6027 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 074112 DI 10.1063/1.3490187 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200111 ER PT J AU Wildeson, IH Colby, R Ewoldt, DA Liang, ZW Zakharov, DN Zaluzec, NJ Garcia, RE Stach, EA Sands, TD AF Wildeson, Isaac H. Colby, Robert Ewoldt, David A. Liang, Zhiwen Zakharov, Dmitri N. Zaluzec, Nestor J. Garcia, R. Edwin Stach, Eric A. Sands, Timothy D. TI III-nitride nanopyramid light emitting diodes grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (vol 108, 044303, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Wildeson, Isaac H.; Sands, Timothy D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Colby, Robert; Ewoldt, David A.; Liang, Zhiwen; Garcia, R. Edwin; Stach, Eric A.; Sands, Timothy D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Wildeson, Isaac H.; Colby, Robert; Ewoldt, David A.; Liang, Zhiwen; Zakharov, Dmitri N.; Garcia, R. Edwin; Stach, Eric A.; Sands, Timothy D.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Zaluzec, Nestor J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wildeson, IH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM tsands@purdue.edu RI Sands, Timothy/D-2133-2009; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Sands, Timothy/0000-0001-9718-6515; Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 079907 DI 10.1063/1.3488972 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200176 ER PT J AU Yeh, YC Comolli, LR Downing, KH Shapiro, L McAdams, HH AF Yeh, Yi-Chun Comolli, Luis R. Downing, Kenneth H. Shapiro, Lucy McAdams, Harley H. TI The Caulobacter Tol-Pal Complex Is Essential for Outer Membrane Integrity and the Positioning of a Polar Localization Factor SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; HIGH-THROUGHPUT IDENTIFICATION; CELL-DIVISION MACHINERY; BACTERIAL-CELL; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; GENETIC SUPPRESSION; PROTEIN; CRESCENTUS; ORGANIZATION AB Cell division in Caulobacter crescentus involves constriction and fission of the inner membrane (IM) followed about 20 min later by fission of the outer membrane (OM) and daughter cell separation. In contrast to Escherichia coli, the Caulobacter Tol-Pal complex is essential. Cryo-electron microscopy images of the Caulobacter cell envelope exhibited outer membrane disruption, and cells failed to complete cell division in TolA, TolB, or Pal mutant strains. In wild-type cells, components of the Tol-Pal complex localize to the division plane in early predivisional cells and remain predominantly at the new pole of swarmer and stalked progeny upon completion of division. The Tol-Pal complex is required to maintain the position of the transmembrane TipN polar marker, and indirectly the PleC histidine kinase, at the cell pole, but it is not required for the polar maintenance of other transmembrane and membrane-associated polar proteins tested. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that both TolA and Pal interact directly or indirectly with TipN. We propose that disruption of the trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex releases TipN from its subcellular position. The Caulobacter Tol-Pal complex is thus a key component of cell envelope structure and function, mediating OM constriction at the final step of cell division as well as the positioning of a protein localization factor. C1 [McAdams, Harley H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Beckman Ctr B300, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yeh, Yi-Chun] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Comolli, Luis R.; Downing, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAdams, HH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Beckman Ctr B300, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hmcadams@stanford.edu FU DOE Office of Science [DE-FG02-05ER64136]; National Institutes of Health [GM32506] FX This work was supported by DOE Office of Science grant DE-FG02-05ER64136 and National Institutes of Health grant GM32506 to L.S. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 192 IS 19 BP 4847 EP 4858 DI 10.1128/JB.00607-10 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 650QW UT WOS:000281866900006 PM 20693330 ER PT J AU Lawrence, PK Kittichotirat, W Bumgarner, RE McDermott, JE Herndon, DR Knowles, DP Srikumaran, S AF Lawrence, Paulraj K. Kittichotirat, Weerayuth Bumgarner, Roger E. McDermott, Jason E. Herndon, David R. Knowles, Donald P. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI Genome Sequences of Mannheimia haemolytica Serotype A2: Ovine and Bovine Isolates (vol 192, pg 1167, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lawrence, Paulraj K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lawrence, PK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Bumgarner, Roger/K-3531-2015 OI Bumgarner, Roger/0000-0002-8168-6985 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 192 IS 19 BP 5272 EP 5272 DI 10.1128/JB.00901-10 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 650QW UT WOS:000281866900055 ER PT J AU Wolk, CP Lechno-Yossef, S Jager, KM AF Wolk, C. Peter Lechno-Yossef, Sigal Jaeger, Karin M. TI The Insertion Sequences of Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 and Their Effects on Its Open Reading Frames SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCC-7120; IDENTIFICATION; ELEMENTS; GENOMES; GENE; CYANOBACTERIA; EXPRESSION; DATABASE; MARKER AB Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, widely studied, has 145 annotated transposase genes that are part of transposable elements called insertion sequences (ISs). To determine the entirety of the ISs, we aligned transposase genes and their flanking regions; identified the ISs' possible terminal inverted repeats, usually flanked by direct repeats; and compared IS-interrupted sequences with homologous sequences. We thereby determined both ends of 87 ISs bearing 110 transposase genes in eight IS families (http://www-is.biotoul.fr/) and in a cluster of unclassified ISs, and of hitherto unknown miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements. Open reading frames were then identified to which ISs contributed and others-some encoding proteins of predictable function, including protein kinases, and restriction endonucleases-that were interrupted by ISs. Anabaena sp. ISs were often more closely related to exogenous than to other endogenous ISs, suggesting that numerous variant ISs were not degraded within PCC 7120 but transferred from without. This observation leads to the expectation that further sequencing projects will extend this and similar analyses. We also propose an adaptive role for poly(A) sequences in ISs. C1 [Wolk, C. Peter; Lechno-Yossef, Sigal; Jaeger, Karin M.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wolk, C. Peter] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wolk, CP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wolk@msu.edu FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DOE FG02-91ER20021] FX This work was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy grant DOE FG02-91ER20021. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 192 IS 20 BP 5289 EP 5303 DI 10.1128/JB.00460-10 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 655VC UT WOS:000282281000003 PM 20656907 ER PT J AU Ralle, M Huster, D Vogt, S Schirrmeister, W Burkhead, JL Capps, TR Gray, L Lai, B Maryon, E Lutsenko, S AF Ralle, Martina Huster, Dominik Vogt, Stefan Schirrmeister, Wiebke Burkhead, Jason L. Capps, Tony R. Gray, Lawrence Lai, Barry Maryon, Edward Lutsenko, Svetlana TI Wilson Disease at a Single Cell Level INTRACELLULAR COPPER TRAFFICKING ACTIVATES COMPARTMENT-SPECIFIC RESPONSES IN HEPATOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PRIMARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; LIVER; INFLAMMATION; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; MICE AB Wilson disease(WD) is a severe hepato-neurologic disorder that affects primarily children and young adults. WD is caused by mutations in ATP7B and subsequent copper overload. However, copper levels alone do not predict severity of the disease. We demonstrate that temporal and spatial distribution of copper in hepatocytes may play an important role in WD pathology. High resolution synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence imaging in situ indicates that copper does not continuously accumulate in Atp7b(-/-) hepatocytes, but reaches a limit at 90-300 fmol. The lack of further accumulation is associated with the loss of copper transporter Ctr1 from the plasma membrane and the appearance of copper-loaded lymphocytes and extracellular copper deposits. The WD progression is characterized by changes in subcellular copper localization and transcriptome remodeling. The synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence imaging and mRNA profiling both point to the key role of nucleus in the initial response to copper overload and suggest time-dependent sequestration of copper in deposits as a protective mechanism. The metabolic pathways, up-regulated in response to copper, show compartmentalization that parallels changes in subcellular copper concentration. In contrast, significant down-regulation of lipid metabolism is observed at all stages of WD irrespective of copper distribution. These observations suggest new stage-specific as well as general biomarkers for WD. The model for the dynamic role of copper in WD is proposed. C1 [Ralle, Martina] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Huster, Dominik] Univ Leipzig, Inst Med Phys & Biophys, D-04109 Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany. [Huster, Dominik; Schirrmeister, Wiebke] Univ Magdeburg, Dept Med, D-39104 Magdeburg, Germany. [Vogt, Stefan; Lai, Barry] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maryon, Edward] Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Gray, Lawrence; Lutsenko, Svetlana] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ralle, M (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM rallem@ohsu.edu; lutsenko@jhmi.edu RI Gray, Lawrence/F-4281-2011; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Burkhead, Jason/0000-0001-5457-311X FU National Institutes of Health [P01 GM067166]; German Research Foundation [Hu932/3-2]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC-02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant P01 GM067166 (to S. L.). This work was also supported by German Research Foundation Grant Hu932/3-2 (to D. H.). The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 285 IS 40 BP 30875 EP 30883 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.114447 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 653YS UT WOS:000282135500054 PM 20647314 ER PT J AU Singer, MA Wang, SL Diachin, DP AF Singer, Michael A. Wang, Stephen L. Diachin, Darin P. TI Design Optimization of Vena Cava Filters: An Application to Dual Filtration Devices SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE biomedical equipment; cardiology; computational fluid dynamics; filtration; haemodynamics; medical computing; optimisation; prosthetics ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; DERIVATIVE-FREE OPTIMIZATION; PARALLEL PATTERN SEARCH; SHEAR-STRESS; PLATELET DEPOSITION; BLOOD-FLOW; THROMBOSIS; HEMODYNAMICS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EQUATIONS AB Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant medical problem that results in over 300,000 fatalities per year. A common preventative treatment for PE is the insertion of a metallic filter into the inferior vena cava that traps thrombi before they reach the lungs. The goal of this work is to use methods of mathematical modeling and design optimization to determine the configuration of trapped thrombi that minimizes the hemodynamic disruption. The resulting configuration has implications for constructing an optimally designed vena cava filter. Computational fluid dynamics is coupled with a nonlinear optimization algorithm to determine the optimal configuration of a trapped model thrombus in the inferior vena cava. The location and shape of the thrombus are parametrized, and an objective function, based on wall shear stresses, determines the worthiness of a given configuration. The methods are fully automated and demonstrate the capabilities of a design optimization framework that is broadly applicable. Changes to thrombus location and shape alter the velocity contours and wall shear stress profiles significantly. For vena cava filters that trap two thrombi simultaneously, the undesirable flow dynamics past one thrombus can be mitigated by leveraging the flow past the other thrombus. Streamlining the shape of the thrombus trapped along the cava wall reduces the disruption to the flow but increases the area exposed to low wall shear stress. Computer-based design optimization is a useful tool for developing vena cava filters. Characterizing and parametrizing the design requirements and constraints is essential for constructing devices that address clinical complications. In addition, formulating a well-defined objective function that quantifies clinical risks and benefits is needed for designing devices that are clinically viable. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002488] C1 [Singer, Michael A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wang, Stephen L.] Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Diachin, Darin P.] Kanoga Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Singer, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM msinger2006@gmail.com FU DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX LLNL is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 EI 1528-8951 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2010 VL 132 IS 10 AR 101006 DI 10.1115/1.4002488 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 657QY UT WOS:000282428600006 PM 20887016 ER PT J AU Carrillo-Conde, B Garza, A Anderegg, J Narasimhan, B AF Carrillo-Conde, Brenda Garza, Alicia Anderegg, James Narasimhan, Balaji TI Protein adsorption on biodegradable polyanhydride microparticles SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE plasma proteins; biodegradable; microparticles; adsorption; hydrophobicity ID IN-VITRO; PLATELET-ADHESION; DRUG-DELIVERY; SERUM-ALBUMIN; WIDE-RANGE; MICROSPHERES; RELEASE; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; STABILIZATION AB The in vitro adsorption of plasma proteins on polyanhydride microparticles based on sebacic acid (SA), 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH), and 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane (CPTEG) was studied. Three model proteins from bovine serum (albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and fibrinogen (Fg)) were used. The adsorption was studied using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. 2D electrophoresis was used to study the adsorption of plasma proteins from bovine serum. Differences in the amount of protein adsorbed were detected as a function of the following: (i) copolymer composition and (ii) specific protein studied. A direct correlation between polymer hydrophobicity and protein adsorbed was observed and higher quantities of Fg and IgG were absorbed. In vitro release studies were performed with ovalbumin-encapsulated microparticles that were incubated with Fg; these studies showed a reduction in the amount of ovalbumin released from the microparticles when Fg is adsorbed on the surface. An understanding of protein adsorption patterns on parenteral delivery devices is valuable in optimizing their in vivo performance. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 95A: 40-48, 2010. C1 [Carrillo-Conde, Brenda; Narasimhan, Balaji] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Garza, Alicia] ITESM Campus Monterrey, Dept Chem Engn, Monterrey 64849, Mexico. [Anderegg, James] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Narasimhan, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nbalaji@iastate.edu RI Narasimhan, Balaji/A-5487-2008 OI Narasimhan, Balaji/0000-0002-7955-5353 FU NSF [EEC 0552584]; Grow Iowa Values Fund FX Contract grant sponsor: NSF; contract grant number: EEC 0552584; Contract grant sponsor: Grow Iowa Values Fund NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD OCT PY 2010 VL 95A IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.32815 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 645IU UT WOS:000281448700005 PM 20740599 ER PT J AU Vela, J Htoon, H Chen, YF Park, YS Ghosh, Y Goodwin, PM Werner, JH Wells, NP Casson, JL Hollingsworth, JA AF Vela, Javier Htoon, Han Chen, Yongfen Park, Young-Shin Ghosh, Yagnaseni Goodwin, Peter M. Werner, James H. Wells, Nathan P. Casson, Joanna L. Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. TI Effect of shell thickness and composition on blinking suppression and the blinking mechanism in 'giant' CdSe/CdS nanocrystal quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline materials; quantum dots; fluorescence; giant nanocrystal quantum dot; CdSe/CdS; blinking suppression; single particle tracking; bioimaging and microscopy; advanced optical microscopy; advanced spectroscopy ID POWER-LAW BEHAVIOR; DIFFUSION AB We recently developed an inorganic shell approach for suppressing blinking in nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) that has the potential to dramatically improve the utility of these fluorophores for single-NOD tracking of individual molecules in cell biology. Here, we consider in detail the effect of shell thickness and composition on blinking suppression, focusing on the CdSe/CdS core/shell system. We also discuss the blinking mechanism as understood through profoundly altered blinking statistics. We clarify the dependence of blinking behavior and photostability on shell thickness, as well as on interrogation times. We show that, while the thickest-shell systems afford the greatest advantages in terms of enhanced optical properties, thinner-shell NQDs may be adequate for certain applications requiring relatively shorter interrogation times. Shell thickness also determines the sensitivity of the NOD optical properties to aqueous-phase transfer, a critical step in rendering NQDs compatible with bioimaging applications. Lastly, we provide a proof-of-concept demonstration of the utility of these unique NQDs for fluorescent particle tracking. [GRAPHICS] High-resolution image of an ultra-thick-shell 'giant' nanocrystal quantum dot (left). Suppressed blinking behavior afforded by this class of semiconductor nanocrystal yields new statistical relationships in the probability densities of fluorescence on- and off-time distributions (right). C1 [Htoon, Han; Park, Young-Shin; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Casson, Joanna L.; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Htoon, Han; Park, Young-Shin; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Casson, Joanna L.; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vela, Javier] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chen, Yongfen] Life Technol, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. [Goodwin, Peter M.; Werner, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wells, Nathan P.] Aerosp Corp, LIDAR & Atom Clocks, Photon Technol Dept, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Hollingsworth, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jenn@lanl.gov RI Park, Young-Shin/E-7181-2012; Wells, Nathan/B-8744-2014; Vela, Javier/I-4724-2014; OI Vela, Javier/0000-0001-5124-6893; Park, Young-Shin/0000-0003-4204-1305; Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896; Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 FU NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM084702-01]; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was conducted in part in the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) jointly operated by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories (LANL and SNL) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). H.H. and J.A.H. acknowledge partial support by NIH-NIGMS Grant 1R01GM084702-01. J.V. acknowledges support by Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Funds. NR 31 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 57 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-063X EI 1864-0648 J9 J BIOPHOTONICS JI J. Biophotonics PD OCT PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10-11 BP 706 EP 717 DI 10.1002/jbio.201000058 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Optics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Optics GA 668MI UT WOS:000283273700010 PM 20626004 ER PT J AU Hanik, N Gomez, S Best, M Schueller, M Orians, CM Ferrieri, RA AF Hanik, Nils Gomez, Sara Best, Marcel Schueller, Michael Orians, Colin M. Ferrieri, Richard A. TI Partitioning of New Carbon as C-11 in Nicotiana tabacum Reveals Insight into Methyl Jasmonate Induced Changes in Metabolism SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Methyl jasmonate; Plant defenses; Metabolic partitioning; Chemical signaling; Short-lived radiotracers; C-11; Nicotiana tabacum; Shikimate pathway ID VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DEFENSE RESPONSES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PLANT-RESPONSES; WOUND RESPONSE; ACID; HERBIVORY AB We examined the timeline by which methyl jasmonate (MeJA) reprograms new carbon partitioning into key metabolite pools. The radioactive isotope C-11 (t(1/2) 20.4 min), administered to intact leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. (cv Samsun) as (CO2)-C-11 gas enabled us to measure changes in new carbon partitioning into soluble sugar and amino acid pools of [C-11]photosynthate. A 500 mu M MeJA treatment resulted in a decrease in the [C-11]soluble sugar pool and an increase in the [C-11]amino acid pool after 4 h. This pattern was more pronounced 15 h after treatment. We also examined the timeline for C-11-partitioning into aromatic amino acid metabolites of the shikimate pathway. [C-11]Tyrosine, [C-11]phenylalanine and [C-11]tryptophan were elevated 1.5-fold, 12-fold and 12-fold, respectively, relative to controls, 4 h after MeJA treatment, while endogeneous pools were unchanged. This suggests that only new carbon is utilized during early stages of defense induction. By 15 h, [C-11]tyrosine and [C-11]phenylalanine returned to baseline while [C-11]tryptophan was elevated 30-fold, suggesting that MeJA exerts selective control over the shikimate pathway. Finally, we measured trans-cinnamic acid levels as a gauge of downstream phenolic metabolism. Levels were unchanged 4 h after MeJA treatment relative to controls, but were increased 2-fold by 15 h, indicating a lag in response of secondary metabolism. C1 [Schueller, Michael; Ferrieri, Richard A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hanik, Nils; Best, Marcel] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Fachbereich Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Gomez, Sara] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Gomez, Sara; Orians, Colin M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Ferrieri, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rferrieri@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35302-18351]; German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst=DAAD), Bonn FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886, in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, under grant 2007-35302-18351, and by German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst=DAAD), Bonn, which supported N. Hanik and M. Best. NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1058 EP 1067 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9835-x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661DO UT WOS:000282703400002 PM 20842413 ER PT J AU Perl, S Kushner, JA Buchholz, BA Meeker, AK Stein, GM Hsieh, M Kirby, M Pechhold, S Liu, EH Harlan, DM Tisdale, JF AF Perl, S. Kushner, J. A. Buchholz, B. A. Meeker, A. K. Stein, G. M. Hsieh, M. Kirby, M. Pechhold, S. Liu, E. H. Harlan, D. M. Tisdale, J. F. TI Significant Human beta-Cell Turnover Is Limited to the First Three Decades of Life as Determined by in Vivo Thymidine Analog Incorporation and Radiocarbon Dating SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID INSULIN REQUIREMENT; TRIMESTER AB Aims: Diabetes mellitus results from an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. The turnover rate of adult human beta-cells remains unknown. We employed two techniques to examine adult human islet beta-cell turnover and longevity in vivo. Methods: Subjects enrolled in National Institutes of Health clinical trials received thymidine analogs [iododeoxyuridine (IdU) or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)] 8 d to 4 yr prior to death. Archival autopsy samples from 10 patients (aged 17-74 yr) were employed to assess beta-cell turnover by scoring nuclear analog labeling within insulin-staining cells. Human adult beta-cell longevity was determined by estimating the cells' genomic DNA integration of atmospheric (14)C. DNA was purified from pancreatic islets isolated from cadaveric donors; whole islet prep DNA was obtained from a 15-yr-old donor, and purified beta-cell DNA was obtained from two donors (ages 48 and 80 yr). 14C levels were then determined using accelerator mass spectrometry. Cellular "birth date" was determined by comparing the subject's DNA (14)C content relative to a well-established (14)C atmospheric prevalence curve. Results: In the two subjects less than 20 yr of age, 1-2% of the beta-cell nuclei costained for BrdU/IdU. No beta-cell nuclei costained in the eight patients more than 30 yr old. Consistent with the BrdU/IdU turnover data, beta-cell DNA (14)C content indicated that the "birth date" of cells occurred within the subject's first 30 yr of life. Conclusions: Under typical circumstances, human beta-cells and their cellular precursors are established by young adulthood. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95: E234-E239, 2010) C1 [Perl, S.; Pechhold, S.; Liu, E. H.; Harlan, D. M.] Natl Inst Diabet Digest & Kidney Dis NIDDK, Diabet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kushner, J. A.; Stein, G. M.] Univ Penn, Div Endocrinol & Diabet, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Buchholz, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Meeker, A. K.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Div Genitourinary Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Kirby, M.] Natl Human Genome Res Inst, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Perl, S.; Hsieh, M.; Kirby, M.; Tisdale, J. F.] NIDDK, Mol & Clin Hematol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Perl, S.; Hsieh, M.; Kirby, M.; Tisdale, J. F.] NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Perl, S (reprint author), 10 Ctr Dr,Room 9N119, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM perls@nhlbi.nih.gov RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 FU National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases at the National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH/National Center for Research Resources [RR13461]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported in part by the intramural research program of the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIH/National Center for Research Resources (RR13461). This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 14 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 95 IS 10 BP E234 EP E239 DI 10.1210/jc.2010-0932 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 659NK UT WOS:000282573300052 PM 20660050 ER PT J AU Shadid, JN Pawlowski, RP Banks, JW Chacon, L Lin, PT Tuminaro, RS AF Shadid, J. N. Pawlowski, R. P. Banks, J. W. Chacon, L. Lin, P. T. Tuminaro, R. S. TI Towards a scalable fully-implicit fully-coupled resistive MHD formulation with stabilized FE methods SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Resistive MHD; Fully-implicit; Direct-to-steady-state; Newton-Krylov; Multilevel preconditioner; Large-scale parallel; Stabilized finite element ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONERS; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; FRACTIONAL STEP METHOD; INEXACT NEWTON METHODS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS; SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; SEMIIMPLICIT SCHEMES; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW AB This paper explores the development of a scalable, nonlinear, fully-implicit stabilized unstructured finite element (FE) capability for 2D incompressible (reduced) resistive MHD. The discussion considers the implementation of a stabilized FE formulation in context of a fully-implicit time integration and direct-to-steady-state solution capability. The nonlinear solver strategy employs Newton-Krylov methods, which are preconditioned using fully-coupled algebraic multilevel preconditioners. These preconditioners are shown to enable a robust, scalable and efficient solution approach for the large-scale sparse linear systems generated by the Newton linearization. Verification results demonstrate the expected order-of-accuracy for the stabilized FE discretization. The approach is tested on a variety of prototype problems, including both low-Lundquist number (e.g., an MHD Faraday conduction pump and a hydromagnetic Rayleigh-Bernard linear stability calculation) and moderately-high Lundquist number (magnetic island coalescence problem) examples. Initial results that explore the scaling of the solution methods are presented on up to 4096 processors for problems with up to 64M unknowns on a CrayXT3/4. Additionally, a large-scale proof-of-capability calculation for 1 billion unknowns for the MHD Faraday pump problem on 24,000 cores is presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shadid, J. N.; Pawlowski, R. P.; Lin, P. T.; Tuminaro, R. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Banks, J. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Chacon, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shadid, JN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jnshadi@sandia.gov RI Banks, Jeffrey/A-9718-2012 FU DOE NNSA ASC Algorithms effort; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was partially supported by DOE NNSA ASC Algorithms effort, the DOE Office of Science AMR program at Sandia National Laboratory under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 98 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 20 BP 7649 EP 7671 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.018 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 640QI UT WOS:000281066100006 ER PT J AU Ma, X Giguere, PT Jayaraman, B Zhang, DZ AF Ma, Xia Giguere, Paul T. Jayaraman, Balaji Zhang, Duan Z. TI Distribution coefficient algorithm for small mass nodes in material point method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Material point method; Multiphase flow; Fluid-structure interaction; Large deformation ID IN-CELL METHOD; MULTIPHASE FLOWS; SOLID MECHANICS AB When using the time explicit material point method to simulate interaction of materials accompanied by large deformations and fragmentation, one often encounters a numerical instability caused by small node mass, because acceleration on a mesh node is obtained by dividing the total force on the node by the mass of the node. When the material points are in the far sides of the cells containing the node, typically happening near material interfaces, the node mass can be very small leading to artificially large acceleration and then numerical instability. For the case of small material deformations, this instability is typically avoided by placing the material points away from cell boundaries. For cases with large deformations, with the exception of initial conditions, there is no control on locations of the material points. The instability caused by small mass nodes is often encountered. To avoid this instability tiny time steps are usually required in a numerical calculation. In this work, we present a numerical algorithm to treat this instability. We show that this algorithm satisfies mass and momentum conservation laws. The error in energy conservation is proportional to the second order of the time step, consistent with the explicit material point method. Numerical implementation of the algorithm is described. Numerical examples show effectiveness of the algorithm. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Xia; Giguere, Paul T.; Jayaraman, Balaji; Zhang, Duan Z.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp, T-3,B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dzhang@lanl.gov RI jayaraman, Balaji/K-6951-2012 FU United States Department of Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Rick M. Rauenzahn for many constructive discussions. This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 20 BP 7819 EP 7833 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.041 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 640QI UT WOS:000281066100016 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wang, M Chen, SY Robbins, MO AF Liu, Jin Wang, Moran Chen, Shiyi Robbins, Mark O. TI Molecular simulations of electroosmotic flows in rough nanochannels SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electrokinetic transport; PPPM method; Multi-grid method; Molecular dynamics; Electroosmotic flows ID EWALD SUMMATION TECHNIQUES; ELECTROKINETIC TRANSPORT; LIQUID FLOW; BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; COULOMBIC SYSTEMS; MESH METHOD; MICROCHANNELS; CONTINUUM AB A highly efficient molecular dynamics algorithm for micro and nanoscale electrokinetic flows is developed. The long-range Coulomb interactions are calculated using the Particle-Particle Particle-Mesh (P(3)M) approach. The Poisson equation for the electrostatic potential is solved in physical space using an iterative multi-grid technique. After validation, the method is used to study electroosmotic flow in nanochannels with regular or random roughness on the walls. The results show that roughness reduces the electroosmotic flow rate dramatically even though the roughness is very small compared to the channel width. The effect is much larger than for pressure driven flows because the driving force is localized near the walls where the charge distribution is high. Non-Newtonian behavior is also observed at much lower flow rates. Systematic investigation of the effect of surface charge density and random roughness will help to better understand the mechanism of electrokinetic transport in rough nanochannels and to design and optimize nanofluidic devices. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Jin; Wang, Moran; Chen, Shiyi; Robbins, Mark O.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Shiyi] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Turbulence & Complex Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chen, Shiyi] Peking Univ, Inst Appl Phys & Technol, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Robbins, Mark O.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Bioengn, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jinliu2@seas.upenn.edu; mwang@lanl.gov; syc@jhu.edu; mr@jhu.edu RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010; Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI 0709187]; LANL's [20080727PRD2] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI 0709187. The authors thank Prof. J.C. Xu and Prof. L. Chen for helpful discussions on the multi-grid method and thank LANL's LDRD Project 20080727PRD2 for support through the J. R. Oppenheimer Fellowship awarded to M.Wang. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 20 BP 7834 EP 7847 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.042 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 640QI UT WOS:000281066100017 ER PT J AU Li, ST AF Li, Shengtai TI A fourth-order divergence-free method for MHD flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Finite-volume method; Central schemes; High order; Non-oscillatory; Constrained transport (CT); Divergence-free reconstruction; Overlapping cell; Magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD); Turbulence ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; HIERARCHICAL RECONSTRUCTION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOWS; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; OVERLAPPING CELLS; EQUATIONS; VOLUME AB This paper extends our previous third-order method [S. Li, High order central scheme on overlapping cells for magneto-hydrodynamic flows with and without constrained transport method, J. Comput. Phys. 227 (2008) 7368-7393] to the fourth-order. Central finite-volume schemes on overlapping grid are used for both the volume-averaged variables and the face-averaged magnetic field. The magnetic field at the cell boundaries falls within the dual grid and is naturally continuous so that our method eliminates the instability triggered by the discontinuity in the normal component of the magnetic field. Our fourth-order scheme has much smaller numerical dissipation than the third-order scheme. The divergence-free condition of the magnetic field is preserved by our fourth-order divergence-free reconstruction and the constrained transport method. Numerical examples show that the divergence-free condition is essential to the accuracy of the method when a limiter is used in the reconstruction. The high-order, low-dissipation, and divergence-free properties of this method make it an ideal tool for direct magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence simulations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, ST (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sli@lanl.gov OI Li, Shengtai/0000-0002-4142-3080 FU Department of Energy; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) FX The authors thank Dr. Yingjie Liu of Gatech for many useful discussions. We also thank referees for many useful comments. This research was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy. It was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Los Alamos. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 20 BP 7893 EP 7910 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.044 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 640QI UT WOS:000281066100020 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M AF Lipnikov, K. Shashkov, M. TI A framework for developing a mimetic tensor artificial viscosity for Lagrangian hydrocodes on arbitrary polygonal meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian hydrodynamics; Artificial numerical viscosity; Polygonal meshes ID DIFFUSION-PROBLEMS; POLYHEDRAL MESHES; HYDRODYNAMICS; OPERATORS; ERRORS; FLUX AB We construct a new mimetic tensor artificial viscosity on general polygonal meshes. The tensor artificial viscosity is based on discretization of coordinate invariant operators, divergence of a tensor and gradient of a vector. The focus of this paper is on the non-symmetric form, div(mu del u), of the tensor artificial viscosity. The discretizations of this operator is derived for the case of a full tensor coefficient mu. However, in the numerical experiments, we only use scalar mu. We prove that the new tensor viscosity preserves spatial symmetry on special meshes. We demonstrate performance of the new viscosity for the Noh implosion, Sedov explosion and Saltzman piston problems on a set of various polygonal meshes in both Cartesian and axisymmetric coordinate systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lipnikov, K.; Shashkov, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); Applied Mathematics Research and the Advanced Simulation & Computing (ASC) FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We authors acknowledge support of the DOE Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) Program in Applied Mathematics Research and the Advanced Simulation & Computing (ASC) Program. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 20 BP 7911 EP 7941 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.045 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 640QI UT WOS:000281066100021 ER PT J AU Chang, HB Zhang, DX Lu, ZM AF Chang, Haibin Zhang, Dongxiao Lu, Zhiming TI History matching of facies distribution with the EnKF and level set parameterization SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ensemble Kalman filter; Level set parameterization; Facies distribution ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION AB In this work, we develop a methodology to combine the Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the level set parameterization for history matching of fades distribution. With given prior knowledge about the facies of the reservoir geology, initial realizations are generated by commonly used software as the prior guesses of the unknown field. Furthermore, level set functions are used to reparameterize these initial realizations. In the reparameterization process, a representing node system is set up, on which the values of level set functions are assigned using Gaussian random numbers. The mean and the standard deviation of the Gaussian random numbers are designed according to the fades proportion, and the sign of the random numbers depends on the fades type at the representing nodes. The values of the level set functions at the other grid nodes are obtained by linear interpolation. The level set functions on the representing nodes are the model parameters of the EnKF state vector and are updated in the data assimilation process. On the basis of our numerical examples for two-dimensional reservoirs with two or three fades, the proposed method is demonstrated to be able to capture the main features of the reference facies distributions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Haibin; Zhang, Dongxiao] Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Energy & Resources Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Dongxiao] Univ So Calif, Sonny Astani Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lu, Zhiming] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Energy & Resources Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM donzhang@usc.edu RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0904754]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50688901]; Chinese National Basic Research Program [2006CB705800]; China Scholarship Council [2007100458] FX This work is partially funded by National Science Foundation through grant OCI-0904754, National Natural Science Foundation of China through grant 50688901, and the Chinese National Basic Research Program through grant 2006CB705800. The first author would also like to acknowledge the support from China Scholarship Council through grant 2007100458. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 20 BP 8011 EP 8030 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.07.005 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 640QI UT WOS:000281066100026 ER PT J AU Du, L Edgar, JH Peascoe-Meisner, RA Gong, YY Bakalova, S Kuball, M AF Du, Li Edgar, J. H. Peascoe-Meisner, Roberta A. Gong, Yinyan Bakalova, Silvia Kuball, Martin TI Sublimation crystal growth of yttrium nitride SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Crystal morphology; Crystal structure; X-ray diffraction; Growth from vapor; Yttrium compounds; Nitrides ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCN AB The sublimation-recombination crystal growth of bulk yttrium nitride crystals is reported. The YN source material was prepared by reacting yttrium metal with nitrogen at 1200 degrees C and 800 Torr total pressure. Crystals were produced by subliming this YN from the source zone, and recondensing it from the vapor as crystals at a lower temperature (by 50 degrees C). Crystals were grown from 2000 to 2100 degrees C and with a nitrogen pressure from 125 to 960 Torr. The highest rate was 9.64 x 10(-5) mol/h (9.92 mg/h). The YN sublimation rate activation energy was 467.1 +/- 21.7 kJ/mol. Individual crystals up to 200 mu m in dimension were prepared. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the crystals were rock salt YN, with a lattice constant of 4.88 angstrom. The YN crystals were unstable in air: they spontaneously converted to yttria (Y(2)O(3)) in 2-4 h. A small fraction of cubic yttria was detected in the XRD of a sample exposed to air for a limited time, while non-cubic yttria was detected in the Raman spectra for a sample exposed to air for more than 1 h. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Du, Li; Edgar, J. H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Peascoe-Meisner, Roberta A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gong, Yinyan; Bakalova, Silvia; Kuball, Martin] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Edgar, JH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM lidu@ksu.edu; edgarjh@ksu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; II-VI Foundation FX The support of II-VI Foundation is greatly appreciated. X-ray diffraction analysis at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Temperature Materials Laboratory was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. We would like to thank Ms. Yi Zhang and Mr. Clinton Whiteley for sample preparation. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 20 BP 2896 EP 2903 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.06.011 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 663CA UT WOS:000282859400011 ER PT J AU Marton, Z Seo, SSA Egami, T Lee, HN AF Marton, Zsolt Seo, Sung Seok A. Egami, Takeshi Lee, Ho Nyung TI Growth control of stoichiometry in LaMnO3 epitaxial thin films by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Laser epitaxy; Oxides; Perovskites; Magnetic materials ID POLARIZATION; MODULATION; GAS; MN AB We have studied structural, magnetic, and optical transport properties of LaMnO3 (LMO) thin films grown on SrTiO3. While the stoichiometric LMO is an insulating antiferromagnet, it tends to be a ferromagnetic insulator when grown as thin films. By exploring the majority of growth parameters, we have found that the bulk-like electronic and magnetic phases can be stabilized by growing thin films under reducing atmospheres and by using more energetic laser processes. These conditions are found to reduce the La deficiency in the film resulting in the greatly improved cation stoichiometry. Since oxides are prone to reduce the oxygen content and to alter the cation ratio under such growth conditions, it suggests that the cation and oxygen stoichiometries in complex oxide thin films can be improved by properly optimizing the growth parameters. (C) 2010 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Marton, Zsolt; Seo, Sung Seok A.; Egami, Takeshi; Lee, Ho Nyung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Marton, Zsolt] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lee, HN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hnlee@ornl.gov RI Seo, Sung Seok/B-6964-2008; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012 OI Seo, Sung Seok/0000-0002-7055-5314; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 20 BP 2923 EP 2927 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.07.013 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 663CA UT WOS:000282859400016 ER PT J AU Arnaboldi, C Brofferio, C Bryant, A Bucci, C Canonica, L Capelli, S Carrettoni, M Clemenza, M Dafinei, I Di Domizio, S Ferroni, F Fiorini, E Ge, Z Giachero, A Gironi, L Giuliani, A Gorla, P Guardincerri, E Kadel, R Kazkaz, K Kogler, L Kolomensky, Y Larsen, J Laubenstein, M Li, Y Maiano, C Martinez, M Maruyama, R Nisi, S Nones, C Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Orio, F Pattavina, L Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Rusconi, C Scielzo, ND Sisti, M Smith, AR Tian, W Vignati, M Wang, H Zhu, Y AF Arnaboldi, C. Brofferio, C. Bryant, A. Bucci, C. Canonica, L. Capelli, S. Carrettoni, M. Clemenza, M. Dafinei, I. Di Domizio, S. Ferroni, F. Fiorini, E. Ge, Z. Giachero, A. Gironi, L. Giuliani, A. Gorla, P. Guardincerri, E. Kadel, R. Kazkaz, K. Kogler, L. Kolomensky, Y. Larsen, J. Laubenstein, M. Li, Y. Maiano, C. Martinez, M. Maruyama, R. Nisi, S. Nones, C. Norman, Eric B. Nucciotti, A. Orio, F. Pattavina, L. Pavan, M. Pessina, G. Pirro, S. Previtali, E. Rusconi, C. Scielzo, Nicholas D. Sisti, M. Smith, Alan R. Tian, W. Vignati, M. Wang, H. Zhu, Y. TI Production of high purity TeO2 single crystals for the study of neutrinoless double beta decay SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Bridgman technique; Tellurites; Tellurium dioxide; Acusto-optic materials; Cryogenic bolometers ID PARATELLURITE TEO2; CUORE AB High purity TeO2 crystals are produced to be used for the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Te-130. Dedicated production lines for raw material synthesis, crystal growth, and surface processing were built compliant with radio-purity constraints specific to rare event physics experiments. High sensitivity measurements of radio-isotope concentrations in raw materials, reactants, consumables, ancillaries, and intermediary products used for TeO2 crystals production are reported. Indications are given on the crystals perfection and how it is achieved and maintained in a large scale production process. Production and certification protocols are presented and resulting ready-to-use TeO2 crystals are described. (C) 2010 B.V. Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Dafinei, I.; Ferroni, F.; Orio, F.; Vignati, M.] Sez INFN Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Arnaboldi, C.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Carrettoni, M.; Clemenza, M.; Fiorini, E.; Giachero, A.; Gironi, L.; Maiano, C.; Martinez, M.; Nucciotti, A.; Pattavina, L.; Pavan, M.; Pessina, G.; Pirro, S.; Previtali, E.; Sisti, M.] Univ Milanobicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Arnaboldi, C.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Carrettoni, M.; Clemenza, M.; Fiorini, E.; Giachero, A.; Gironi, L.; Giuliani, A.; Maiano, C.; Martinez, M.; Nones, C.; Nucciotti, A.; Pattavina, L.; Pavan, M.; Pessina, G.; Pirro, S.; Previtali, E.; Rusconi, C.; Sisti, M.] Sez INFN Milanobicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Bryant, A.; Kadel, R.; Kogler, L.; Kolomensky, Y.; Larsen, J.; Smith, Alan R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bryant, A.; Kogler, L.; Kolomensky, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bucci, C.; Gorla, P.; Guardincerri, E.; Laubenstein, M.; Nisi, S.] Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Canonica, L.; Di Domizio, S.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. [Canonica, L.; Di Domizio, S.; Guardincerri, E.] Sez INFN Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Ferroni, F.; Orio, F.; Vignati, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ge, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Giuliani, A.; Nones, C.; Rusconi, C.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Kazkaz, K.; Norman, Eric B.; Scielzo, Nicholas D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Li, Y.; Tian, W.; Wang, H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Maruyama, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Norman, Eric B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dafinei, I (reprint author), Sez INFN Roma, Ple Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM ioan.dafinei@roma1.infn.it RI Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; Vignati, Marco/H-1684-2013; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Bucci, Carlo/A-5438-2010; Laubenstein, Matthias/C-4851-2013; Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Gorla, Paolo/B-5243-2014; Gironi, Luca/P-2860-2016; Martinez, Maria/K-4827-2012; Di Domizio, Sergio/L-6378-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Pattavina, Luca/I-7498-2015; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012; OI Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; Vignati, Marco/0000-0002-8945-1128; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Laubenstein, Matthias/0000-0001-5390-4343; Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Gironi, Luca/0000-0003-2019-0967; Martinez, Maria/0000-0002-9043-4691; Di Domizio, Sergio/0000-0003-2863-5895; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Pattavina, Luca/0000-0003-4192-849X; Clemenza, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8064-8936; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752; Canonica, Lucia/0000-0001-8734-206X FU US Department of Energy at LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; US Department of Energy at LBNL [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; INFN of Italy FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract numbers DE-AC52-07NA27344 at LLNL and DE-AC02-05CH11231 at LBNL, and by the INFN of Italy in the frame of CUORE Collaboration. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 20 BP 2999 EP 3008 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.06.034 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 663CA UT WOS:000282859400029 ER PT J AU Shenl, H Adair, C Wilson, JT AF Shenl, Hai Adair, Cherri Wilson, John T. TI Long-Term Capacity of Plant Mulch to Remediate Trichloroethylene in Groundwater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Reactive barrier; Biowall; Dechlorination of TCE; Biodegradation of chlorinated solvents; Groundwater; Plant mulch ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; DEGRADATION; CELLULOSE; BIODEGRADABILITY; HYDROGEN; FRACTION; KINETICS; BIOWALL; TCE AB Passive reactive barriers (PRBs) are commonly used to treat groundwater that is contaminated with chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE). A number of PRBs have been constructed with plant mulch as the reactive medium. The TCE is removed in these barriers through adsorption, biological reductive dechlorination, and abiotic reactions with reduced iron minerals that are formed in the barrier. Generally speaking, adsorption has limited capacity for TCE removal and abiotic dechlorination is dependent on metal sulfides of biogenic origin. Therefore, the long-term performance of these barriers will be controlled by their capacity to support biological activity. Laboratory batch experiments were inoculated with an enrichment culture of dechlorinating microorganisms. Dechlorination of TCE to ethylene was achieved using plant mulch; however, neither water extractable nor organic-solvent extractable components of the mulch could sustain dechlorination of TCE. This indicates that biodegradation of organic wood fibers in the plant cell wall provides electron donors for dechlorination of TCE. Kinetic analysis of the methane production in the batch tests provides supporting evidence that the plant mulch is able to sustain long-term biological activity in a typical barrier constructed with plant tissues. The recognition of the intact plant tissues as a long-term electron donor expands the knowledge about the microbial dechlorination under natural conditions. In addition, the production of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) observed in a column study was used to estimate the life cycle of a full-scale biowall installed at Altus AFB, Oklahoma. Based on a consistent downward trend in DIC concentrations in the effluent and a stable concentration in the influent over time, the mulch in the biowall is expected to support microbial activity for 10 years. C1 [Shenl, Hai] US DOE, Los Alamos Site Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Adair, Cherri; Wilson, John T.] US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Ctr, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Shenl, H (reprint author), US DOE, Los Alamos Site Off, 3747 West Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM HShen@doeal.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RW5716092]; U.S. Air Force [RW5716092] FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Air Force funded the research described here through Agreement No. RW5716092. It has not been subjected to U.S. EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank Xiaoxia Lu for development of the dechlorinating culture and Shaw Environmental for performing the chemical analysis. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2010 VL 136 IS 10 BP 1054 EP 1062 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000253 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655FB UT WOS:000282231100005 ER PT J AU Grogan, KP Fjeld, RA Kaplan, D DeVol, TA Coates, JT AF Grogan, Kelly P. Fjeld, Robert A. Kaplan, Daniel DeVol, Timothy A. Coates, John T. TI Distributions of radionuclide sorption coefficients (K-d) in sub-surface sediments and the implications for transport calculations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Distribution coefficients; Radionuclides; Sub-surface transport; Correlations; Distributions; Vadose zone ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL AB The effect of the spatial variability of K-d on calculations of contaminant travel time in the vadose zone was determined. Depth discrete measurements of K-d were made for a suite of radionuclides (Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Sr-85, Cs-137, and Y-88) utilizing a sediment core from the E-Area at the Savannah River Site. The K-d's were ordered as Sr-85(2+) < Cs-137(+) < Cd-109(2+) < Co-57(2+) = Co-60(2+) << Y-88(3+) and the values generally fell below or near the lowest quartile of values reported in the literature. Correlations were generally weak between soil properties and K-d values. Most importantly, all of the K-d distributions could be reasonably approximated as log-normal. Deterministic and stochastic calculations of contaminant travel time to the water table were made. The deterministic calculations were based on each of three conceptual models of the vadose zone: complete stratification (17 strata, each with a different K-d), two strata (two sections of the vadose zone, each characterized by a single, average K-d), and unstratified (a single zone with an average K-d). Stochastic calculations were based on log-normal fits to the K-d data. The two strata model generally yielded travel times 2x greater than those in the completely stratified model. The unstratified model yielded travel times that were between 3 and 5 times greater than the completely stratified model. The stochastic mean travel times were comparable to those of the two strata model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grogan, Kelly P.; Fjeld, Robert A.; DeVol, Timothy A.; Coates, John T.] Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Kaplan, Daniel] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Grogan, KP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM kgrogan@clemson.edu; fjeld@clemson.edu; daniel.kaplan@srnl.doe.gov; devol@clemson.edu; coates@clemson.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Nuclear Energy and Health Physics Fellowship. Special thanks are given to the Clemson University Agricultural Extension and to John Seaman of the University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory for their assistance with the sediment characterization analyses. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 101 IS 10 SI SI BP 847 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.05.007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 640VV UT WOS:000281083000010 PM 20627380 ER PT J AU Rassukana, VV Khomutnyk, YY Onys'ko, PP Sinitsa, AD Gakh, AA AF Rassukana, V. V. Khomutnyk, Y. Y. Onys'ko, P. P. Sinitsa, A. D. Gakh, A. A. TI Synthesis of 3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and 5-fluoroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles via heterocyclization of (N-heteroarylimino) trifluoropyruvates SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fluorinated heterocycles; Fluoroimidazopyrimidines; Fluoroimidazothiazoles ID MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY; REGIOSELECTIVE INTRODUCTION; TRIFLUOROMETHYL GROUPS; FLUORINE; HETEROARENES; MOLECULES; AGENTS AB Synthesis of 3-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and 5-fluoroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles was accomplished via triethyl phosphite-induced heterocyclization of the corresponding N-(heteroarylimino)tri-fluoropyruvates. This method provides a convenient approach to synthesize ring-fluorinated fused imidazoles of biological relevance. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rassukana, V. V.; Khomutnyk, Y. Y.; Onys'ko, P. P.; Sinitsa, A. D.] Inst Organ Chem NAS, UA-02094 Kiev, Ukraine. [Gakh, A. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Onys'ko, PP (reprint author), Inst Organ Chem NAS, 5 Murmanskaya St, UA-02094 Kiev, Ukraine. EM onysko@rambler.ru; gakhaa@ornl.gov FU Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the Global IPP program through the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This paper is a contribution from the Discovery Chemistry Project. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 131 IS 10 BP 1044 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.06.019 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 671CK UT WOS:000283477300012 ER PT J AU Tang, XZ Delzanno, GL AF Tang, X. Z. Delzanno, G. L. TI Dust Divertor for a Tokamak Fusion Reactor SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article ID STEP AB Micron-size tungsten particulates find their equilibrium position in the magnetized plasma sheath in the normal direction of the divertor surface, but are convected poloidally and toroidally by the sonic ion flow drag parallel to the divertor surface. The natural circulation of the dust particles in the magnetized plasma sheath can be used to set up a flowing dust shield that absorbs and exhausts most of the tokamak heat flux to the divertor. The size of the particulates and the choice of materials offer substantial room for optimization. C1 [Tang, X. Z.; Delzanno, G. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tang, XZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xtang@lanl.gov FU Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We wish to thank Bill Daughton, Don Rej, and Marlene Rosenberg for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 EI 1572-9591 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 407 EP 411 DI 10.1007/s10894-010-9295-x PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 648OF UT WOS:000281703100001 ER PT J AU Woodruff, S Brown, M Hooper, EB Milroy, R Schaffer, M AF Woodruff, S. Brown, M. Hooper, E. B. Milroy, R. Schaffer, M. TI Why Compact Tori for Fusion? SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Compact tori; Spheromak; Field reversed configuration AB A compact torus (CT) has a toroidal magnetic and plasma geometry, but is contained within a simply-connected vacuum vessel such as a cylinder. Spheromaks and field-reversed configurations fall into this category. Compact tori are translatable and have a high engineering beta. The primary benefit of CTs for fusion is the absence of toroidal field and Ohmic Heating coils and the many problems brought on by them. Studying fusion-relevant plasma in simply-connected geometries affords the world fusion program both physics and technology opportunities not found in other configurations. This paper outlines the technology and physics opportunities of compact tori, and presents a cost model based on geometry for comparison with less compact configurations. C1 [Woodruff, S.] Woodruff Sci Inc, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. [Brown, M.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Hooper, E. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Milroy, R.] Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Schaffer, M.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Woodruff, S (reprint author), Woodruff Sci Inc, 4501 Shilshole Ave NW, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM simon@woodruffscientific.com FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER84449, DE-FG02-07ER84924] FX We acknowledge John Sheffield, and Farokh Najmabadi for outlining the starting point for the discussion of cost and to Ron Miller for indicating where it might go. Thanks also to Charlie Baker for encouraging this line of thinking. Work by E. B. Hooper was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. S. Woodruff performed this work while supported by Department of Energy under subcontract numbers DE-FG02-06ER84449 and DE-FG02-07ER84924. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s10894-010-9303-1 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 648OF UT WOS:000281703100008 ER PT J AU Luke, EP Kollias, P Shupe, MD AF Luke, Edward P. Kollias, Pavlos Shupe, Matthew D. TI Detection of supercooled liquid in mixed-phase clouds using radar Doppler spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; CLIMATE RESEARCH; ARCTIC SURFACE; LIDAR; ICE; SHEBA; TURBULENCE; SENSORS; SEA AB Cloud phase identification from active remote sensors in the temperature range from 0 to 40 degrees C, where both liquid and ice hydrometeor phases are sustainable, is challenging. Millimeter wavelength cloud radars (MMCR) are able to penetrate and detect multiple cloud layers. However, in mixed-phase conditions, ice crystals dominate the radar signal, rendering the detection of liquid droplets from radar observables more difficult. The technique proposed here overcomes this fundamental limitation by using morphological features in MMCR Doppler spectra to detect supercooled liquid droplets in the radar sampling volume in the presence of ice particles. High lidar backscatter and near-zero lidar depolarization measurements (good indicators of the presence of liquid droplets) from the Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Experiment (MPACE) conducted in Barrow, Alaska, are used to train the technique and evaluate its potential for detecting mixed-phase conditions. Ceilometer, microwave radiometer, and radiosonde measurements provide additional independent validation. Because of the ability of MMCRs to penetrate multiple liquid layers, this radar-based technique does not suffer from the extinction limitations of lidars and is thus able to expand cloud phase identification methods to cloud regions beyond where lidars can penetrate, providing output at the native radar resolution. The technique is applicable to all profiling radars that have sufficient sensitivity to observe the small amount of liquid in mixed-phase clouds. C1 [Luke, Edward P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kollias, Pavlos] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Luke, EP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 490D,Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM eluke@bnl.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63965] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-05ER63965. Data were obtained from the ARM archive and University of Wisconsin. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D19201 DI 10.1029/2009JD012884 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RQ UT WOS:000282507500003 ER PT J AU Abramowicz, H Abt, I Adamczyk, L Adamus, M Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Antonov, A Arneodo, M Aushev, V Aushev, Y Bachynska, O Bamberger, A Barakbaev, AN Barbagli, G Bari, G Barreiro, F Bartsch, D Basile, M Behnke, O Behr, J Behrens, U Bellagamba, L Bertolin, A Bhadra, S Bindi, M Blohm, C Bold, T Boos, EG Borodin, M Borras, K Boscherini, D Bot, D Boutle, SK Brock, I Brownson, E Brugnera, R Brummer, N Bruni, A Bruni, G Brzozowska, B Bussey, PJ Butterworth, JM Bylsma, B Caldwell, A Capua, M Carlin, R Catterall, CD Chekanov, S Chwastowski, J Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Cooper-Sarkar, AM Coppola, N Corradi, M Corriveau, F Costa, M D'Agostini, G Dal Corso, F de Favereau, J del Peso, J Dementiev, RK De Pasquale, S Derrick, M Devenish, RCE Dobur, D Dolgoshein, BA Doyle, AT Drugakov, V Durkin, LS Dusini, S Eisenberg, Y Ermolov, PF Eskreys, A Fang, S Fazio, S Ferrando, J Ferrero, MI Figiel, J Forrest, M Foster, B Fourletov, S Galas, A Gallo, E Garfagnini, A Geiser, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Gladkov, D Glasman, C Gogota, O Golubkov, YA Gottlicher, P Grabowska-Bold, I Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Grigorescu, G Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Haas, T Hain, W Hamatsu, R Hart, JC Hartmann, H Hartner, G Hilger, E Hochman, D Holm, U Hori, R Horton, K Huttmann, A Iacobucci, G Ibrahim, ZA Iga, Y Ingbir, R Ishitsuka, M Jakob, HP Januschek, F Jimenez, M Jones, TW Jungst, M Kadenko, I Kahle, B Kamaluddin, B Kananov, S Kanno, T Karshon, U Karstens, F Katkov, II Kaur, M Kaur, P Keramidas, A Khein, LA Kim, JY Kisielewska, D Kitamura, S Klanner, R Klein, U Koffeman, E Kollar, D Kooijman, P Korol, I Korzhavina, IA Kotanski, A Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kulinski, P Kuprash, O Kuze, M Kuzmin, VA Lee, A Levchenko, BB Levy, A Libov, V Limentani, S Ling, TY Lisovyi, M Lobodzinska, E Lohmann, W Lohr, B Lohrmann, E Loizides, JH Long, KR Longhin, A Lontkovskyi, D Lukasik, J Lukina, OY Luzniak, P Maeda, J Magill, S Makarenko, I Malka, J Mankel, R Margotti, A Marini, G Martin, JF Mastroberardino, A Matsumoto, T Mattingly, MCK Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Idris, FM Monaco, V Montanari, A Morris, JD Musgrave, B Nagano, K Namsoo, T Nania, R Nicholass, D Nigro, A Ning, Y Noor, U Notz, D Nowak, RJ Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Oh, BY Okazaki, N Oliver, K Olkiewicz, K Onishchuk, Y Ota, O Papageorgiu, K Parenti, A Paul, E Pawlak, JM Pawlik, B Pelfer, PG Pellegrino, A Perlanski, W Perrey, H Piotrzkowski, K Plucinski, P Pokrovskiy, NS Polini, A Proskuryakov, AS Przybycien, M Raval, A Reeder, DD Reisert, B Ren, Z Repond, J Ri, YD Robertson, A Roloff, P Ron, E Rubinsky, I Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Salii, A Samson, U Sartorelli, G Savin, AA Saxon, DH Schioppa, M Schlenstedt, S Schleper, P Schmidke, WB Schneekloth, U Schonberg, V Schorner-Sadenius, T Schwartz, J Sciulli, F Shcheglova, LM Shehzadi, R Shimizu, S Singh, I Skillicorn, IO Slominski, W Smith, WH Sola, V Solano, A Solomin, A Son, D Sosnovtsev, V Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stanco, L Stern, A Stewart, TP Stifutkin, A Stopa, P Suchkov, S Susinno, G Suszycki, L Sztuk, J Szuba, D Szuba, J Tapper, AD Tassi, E Terron, J Theedt, T Tiecke, H Tokushuku, K Tomalak, O Tomaszewska, J Tsurugai, T Turcato, M Tymieniecka, T Uribe-Estrada, C Vazquez, M Verbytskyi, A Viazlo, V Vlasov, NN Volynets, O Walczak, R Abdullah, WATW Whitmore, JJ Whyte, J Wiggers, L Wing, M Wlasenko, M Wolf, G Wolfe, H Wrona, K Yagues-Molina, AG Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Yoshida, R Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zawiejski, L Zenaiev, O Zeuner, W Zhautykov, BO Zhmak, N Zhou, C Zichichi, A Zolko, M Zotkin, DS AF Abramowicz, H. Abt, I. Adamczyk, L. Adamus, M. Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Antonov, A. Arneodo, M. Aushev, V. Aushev, Y. Bachynska, O. Bamberger, A. Barakbaev, A. N. Barbagli, G. Bari, G. Barreiro, F. Bartsch, D. Basile, M. Behnke, O. Behr, J. Behrens, U. Bellagamba, L. Bertolin, A. Bhadra, S. Bindi, M. Blohm, C. Bold, T. Boos, E. G. Borodin, M. Borras, K. Boscherini, D. Bot, D. Boutle, S. K. Brock, I. Brownson, E. Brugnera, R. Bruemmer, N. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Brzozowska, B. Bussey, P. J. Butterworth, J. M. Bylsma, B. Caldwell, A. Capua, M. Carlin, R. Catterall, C. D. Chekanov, S. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, J. Ciesielski, R. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Coppola, N. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Costa, M. D'Agostini, G. Dal Corso, F. de Favereau, J. del Peso, J. Dementiev, R. K. De Pasquale, S. Derrick, M. Devenish, R. C. E. Dobur, D. Dolgoshein, B. A. Doyle, A. T. Drugakov, V. Durkin, L. S. Dusini, S. Eisenberg, Y. Ermolov, P. F. Eskreys, A. Fang, S. Fazio, S. Ferrando, J. Ferrero, M. I. Figiel, J. Forrest, M. Foster, B. Fourletov, S. Galas, A. Gallo, E. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, A. Gialas, I. Gladilin, L. K. Gladkov, D. Glasman, C. Gogota, O. Golubkov, Yu. A. Goettlicher, P. Grabowska-Bold, I. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Grigorescu, G. Grzelak, G. Gwenlan, C. Haas, T. Hain, W. Hamatsu, R. Hart, J. C. Hartmann, H. Hartner, G. Hilger, E. Hochman, D. Holm, U. Hori, R. Horton, K. Huettmann, A. Iacobucci, G. Ibrahim, Z. A. Iga, Y. Ingbir, R. Ishitsuka, M. Jakob, H. -P. Januschek, F. Jimenez, M. Jones, T. W. Juengst, M. Kadenko, I. Kahle, B. Kamaluddin, B. Kananov, S. Kanno, T. Karshon, U. Karstens, F. Katkov, I. I. Kaur, M. Kaur, P. Keramidas, A. Khein, L. A. Kim, J. Y. Kisielewska, D. Kitamura, S. Klanner, R. Klein, U. Koffeman, E. Kollar, D. Kooijman, P. Korol, Ie. Korzhavina, I. A. Kotanski, A. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Kulinski, P. Kuprash, O. Kuze, M. Kuzmin, V. A. Lee, A. Levchenko, B. B. Levy, A. Libov, V. Limentani, S. Ling, T. Y. Lisovyi, M. Lobodzinska, E. Lohmann, W. Loehr, B. Lohrmann, E. Loizides, J. H. Long, K. R. Longhin, A. Lontkovskyi, D. Lukasik, J. Lukina, O. Yu. Luzniak, P. Maeda, J. Magill, S. Makarenko, I. Malka, J. Mankel, R. Margotti, A. Marini, G. Martin, J. F. Mastroberardino, A. Matsumoto, T. Mattingly, M. C. K. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Idris, F. Mohamad Monaco, V. Montanari, A. Morris, J. D. Musgrave, B. Nagano, K. Namsoo, T. Nania, R. Nicholass, D. Nigro, A. Ning, Y. Noor, U. Notz, D. Nowak, R. J. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Oh, B. Y. Okazaki, N. Oliver, K. Olkiewicz, K. Onishchuk, Yu. Ota, O. Papageorgiu, K. Parenti, A. Paul, E. Pawlak, J. M. Pawlik, B. Pelfer, P. G. Pellegrino, A. Perlanski, W. Perrey, H. Piotrzkowski, K. Plucinski, P. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Polini, A. Proskuryakov, A. S. Przybycien, M. Raval, A. Reeder, D. D. Reisert, B. Ren, Z. Repond, J. Ri, Y. D. Robertson, A. Roloff, P. Ron, E. Rubinsky, I. Ruspa, M. Sacchi, R. Salii, A. Samson, U. Sartorelli, G. Savin, A. A. Saxon, D. H. Schioppa, M. Schlenstedt, S. Schleper, P. Schmidke, W. B. Schneekloth, U. Schoenberg, V. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Schwartz, J. Sciulli, F. Shcheglova, L. M. Shehzadi, R. Shimizu, S. Singh, I. Skillicorn, I. O. Slominski, W. Smith, W. H. Sola, V. Solano, A. Solomin, A. Son, D. Sosnovtsev, V. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stanco, L. Stern, A. Stewart, T. P. Stifutkin, A. Stopa, P. Suchkov, S. Susinno, G. Suszycki, L. Sztuk, J. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Tapper, A. D. Tassi, E. Terron, J. Theedt, T. Tiecke, H. Tokushuku, K. Tomalak, O. Tomaszewska, J. Tsurugai, T. Turcato, M. Tymieniecka, T. Uribe-Estrada, C. Vazquez, M. Verbytskyi, A. Viazlo, V. Vlasov, N. N. Volynets, O. Walczak, R. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Whitmore, J. J. Whyte, J. Wiggers, L. Wing, M. Wlasenko, M. Wolf, G. Wolfe, H. Wrona, K. Yaguees-Molina, A. G. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Yoshida, R. Youngman, C. Zarnecki, A. F. Zawiejski, L. Zenaiev, O. Zeuner, W. Zhautykov, B. O. Zhmak, N. Zhou, C. Zichichi, A. Zolko, M. Zotkin, D. S. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Scaled momentum spectra in deep inelastic scattering at HERA (vol 06, 009, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Abramowicz, H.; Ingbir, R.; Kananov, S.; Levy, A.; Stern, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Nania, R.; Repond, J.; Yoshida, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mattingly, M. C. K.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Antonelli, S.; Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Basile, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Bindi, M.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Contin, A.; Corradi, M.; De Pasquale, S.; Iacobucci, G.; Margotti, A.; Polini, A.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bartsch, D.; Brock, I.; Hartmann, H.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H. -P.; Juengst, M.; Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E.; Paul, E.; Samson, U.; Schoenberg, V.; Shehzadi, R.; Wlasenko, M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Solomin, A.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Kaur, M.; Kaur, P.; Singh, I.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. [Kim, J. Y.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Ibrahim, Z. A.; Kamaluddin, B.; Idris, F. Mohamad; Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan] Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Ning, Y.; Ren, Z.; Sciulli, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. 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I.; Klein, U.; Koetz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Libov, V.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Loehr, B.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A.; Miglioranzi, S.; Montanari, A.; Namsoo, T.; Notz, D.; Parenti, A.; Raval, A.; Roloff, P.; Rubinsky, I.; Schneekloth, U.; Spiridonov, A.; Szuba, D.; Szuba, J.; Theedt, T.; Tomaszewska, J.; Verbytskyi, A.; Wolf, G.; Wrona, K.; Yaguees-Molina, A. G.; Youngman, C.; Zeuner, W.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Drugakov, V.; Lohmann, W.; Schlenstedt, S.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. [Barbagli, G.; Gallo, E.; Pelfer, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. [Pelfer, P. G.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Bamberger, A.; Dobur, D.; Karstens, F.; Vlasov, N. N.] Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. [Bussey, P. J.; Doyle, A. T.; Forrest, M.; Saxon, D. H.; Skillicorn, I. O.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Gialas, I.; Papageorgiu, K.] Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Chios, Greece. [Holm, U.; Klanner, R.; Lohrmann, E.; Perrey, H.; Schleper, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Stadie, H.; Sztuk, J.; Turcato, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Long, K. R.; Tapper, A. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. [Matsumoto, T.; Nagano, K.; Tokushuku, K.; Yamada, S.; Yamazaki, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Barakbaev, A. N.; Boos, E. G.; Pokrovskiy, N. S.; Zhautykov, B. O.] Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Aushev, V.; Aushev, Y.; Borodin, M.; Gogota, O.; Kadenko, I.; Korol, Ie.; Kuprash, O.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Onishchuk, Yu.; Salii, A.; Tomalak, O.; Viazlo, V.; Volynets, O.; Zenaiev, O.; Zhmak, N.; Zolko, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. [Aushev, V.; Aushev, Y.; Borodin, M.; Gogota, O.; Kadenko, I.; Korol, Ie.; Kuprash, O.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Onishchuk, Yu.; Salii, A.; Tomalak, O.; Viazlo, V.; Volynets, O.; Zenaiev, O.; Zhmak, N.; Zolko, M.] Kiev Natl Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. [Son, D.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. [de Favereau, J.; Piotrzkowski, K.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Barreiro, F.; del Peso, J.; Glasman, C.; Jimenez, M.; Ron, E.; Terron, J.; Uribe-Estrada, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. [Corriveau, F.; Schwartz, J.; Zhou, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Tsurugai, T.] Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Antonov, A.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Gladkov, D.; Sosnovtsev, V.; Stifutkin, A.; Suchkov, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Dementiev, R. K.; Ermolov, P. F.; Gladilin, L. K.; Golubkov, Yu. A.; Khein, L. A.; Korzhavina, I. A.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Levchenko, B. B.; Lukina, O. Yu.; Proskuryakov, A. S.; Shcheglova, L. M.; Zotkin, D. S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Abt, I.; Caldwell, A.; Kollar, D.; Reisert, B.; Schmidke, W. B.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffeman, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffeman, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bruemmer, N.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Lee, A.; Ling, T. Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R. C. E.; Ferrando, J.; Foster, B.; Gwenlan, C.; Horton, K.; Oliver, K.; Robertson, A.; Walczak, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Bertolin, A.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Dal Corso, F.; Dusini, S.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.; Longhin, A.; Stanco, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Oh, B. Y.; Whitmore, J. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Iga, Y.] Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Hart, J. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ishitsuka, M.; Kanno, T.; Kuze, M.; Maeda, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Hori, R.; Okazaki, N.; Shimizu, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Hamatsu, R.; Kitamura, S.; Ota, O.; Ri, Y. D.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. [Fourletov, S.; Martin, J. F.; Stewart, T. P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Boutle, S. K.; Butterworth, J. M.; Jones, T. W.; Loizides, J. H.; Wing, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Brzozowska, B.; Ciborowski, J.; Grzelak, G.; Kulinski, P.; Luzniak, P.; Malka, J.; Nowak, R. J.; Pawlak, J. M.; Perlanski, W.; Zarnecki, A. F.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Adamus, M.; Plucinski, P.; Tymieniecka, T.] Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Eisenberg, Y.; Hochman, D.; Karshon, U.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. [Brownson, E.; Reeder, D. D.; Savin, A. A.; Smith, W. H.; Wolfe, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bhadra, S.; Catterall, C. D.; Hartner, G.; Noor, U.; Whyte, J.] York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Abramowicz, H.; Kaur, P.; Singh, I.] Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. [Tassi, E.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Spiridonov, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Szuba, D.] INP, Krakow, Poland. [Ciborowski, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Tymieniecka, T.] Univ Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland. RP Abramowicz, H (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM tobias.haas@desy.de RI Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Katkov, Igor/E-2627-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Katkov, Igor/0000-0003-3064-0466; NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 IS 10 AR 030 DI 10.1007/JHEP10(2010)030 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 679FK UT WOS:000284146800030 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Ponton, E AF Davoudiasl, Hooman Ponton, Eduardo TI On taming the warped radion with supersymmetry SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Phenomenology of Field Theories in Higher Dimensions ID BULK FIELDS; STABILIZATION; SUPERGRAVITY AB In warped models that solve the hierarchy problem, there is generally no dynamical relation between the size of the fifth dimension and the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). The establishment of such a relation, without fine-tuning, requires that Casimir contributions to the radion potential not exceed the energy density associated with EWSB. Here, we examine the use of supersymmetry for controlling the Casimir energy density and making quantum contributions calculable. We compute the effects of supersymmetry breaking at the UV and IR boundaries of warped backgrounds, in the presence of brane localized kinetic terms. Various limits of supersymmetry breaking are examined. We find that when supersymmetry is broken on the UV brane, vacuum contributions to the radion potential can be controlled (as likely necessary for EWSB to govern the radion potential) via small soft masses as well as a "double volume suppression." Our formalism can also provide a setup for radion stabilization by bulk fields, when supersymmetry is broken on both the UV and the IR branes. C1 [Davoudiasl, Hooman] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ponton, Eduardo] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooman@bnl.gov; eponton@phys.columbia.edu RI Ponton, Eduardo/I-4125-2013 OI Ponton, Eduardo/0000-0003-3138-1136 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE [DE-FG02-92ER-40699] FX We thank Markus Luty for useful discussions. The work of H.D. is supported by the United States Department of Energy under Grant Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. E.P. is supported by DOE under contract DE-FG02-92ER-40699. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 IS 10 AR 102 DI 10.1007/JHEP10(2010)102 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 679FM UT WOS:000284147000045 ER PT J AU Goldstein, K Iizuka, N Kachru, S Prakash, S Trivedi, SP Westphal, A AF Goldstein, Kevin Iizuka, Norihiro Kachru, Shamit Prakash, Shiroman Trivedi, Sandip P. Westphal, Alexander TI Holography of dyonic dilaton black branes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Gauge-gravity correspondence; Black Holes in String Theory; AdS-CFT Correspondence; Chern-Simons Theories ID DUALITY AB We study black branes carrying both electric and magnetic charges in Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to a dilaton-axion in asymptotically anti de Sitter space. After reviewing and extending earlier results for the case of electrically charged branes, we characterise the thermodynamics of magnetically charged branes. We then focus on dyonic branes in theories which enjoy an SL(2; R) electric-magnetic duality. Using SL(2; R), we are able to generate solutions with arbitrary charges starting with the electrically charged solution, and also calculate transport coefficients. These solutions all exhibit a Lifshitz-like near-horizon geometry. The system behaves as expected for a charged fluid in a magnetic field, with non-vanishing Hall conductance and vanishing DC longitudinal conductivity at low temperatures. Its response is characterised by a cyclotron resonance at a frequency proportional to the magnetic field, for small magnetic fields. Interestingly, the DC Hall conductance is related to the attractor value of the axion. We also study the attractor flows of the dilaton-axion, both in cases with and without an additional modular-invariant scalar potential. The flows exhibit intricate behaviour related to the duality symmetry. Finally, we briefly discuss attractor flows in more general dilaton-axion theories which do not enjoy SL(2; R) symmetry. C1 [Goldstein, Kevin] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Inst Theoret Phys NITHeP, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Goldstein, Kevin] Univ Witwatersrand, Ctr Theoret Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Iizuka, Norihiro] CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Kachru, Shamit; Westphal, Alexander] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Kachru, Shamit; Westphal, Alexander] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Prakash, Shiroman; Trivedi, Sandip P.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Goldstein, K (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Inst Theoret Phys NITHeP, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM kevin.goldstein@wits.ac.za; norihiro.iizuka@cern.ch; skachru@stanford.edu; shiroman@tifr.res.in; sandip@tifr.res.in; awestpha@stanford.edu OI Goldstein, Kevin/0000-0002-7872-0580; Westphal, Alexander/0000-0003-1578-6539; Prakash, Shiroman/0000-0003-2033-3091 NR 60 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 IS 10 AR 027 DI 10.1007/JHEP10(2010)027 PG 51 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 679FK UT WOS:000284146800027 ER PT J AU Low, I Lykken, J AF Low, Ian Lykken, Joseph TI Revealing the electroweak properties of a new scalar resonance SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs Physics; Beyond Standard Model ID HIGGS-BOSON; STANDARD MODEL; TRIPLETS; BREAKING; DECAYS; MASS AB One or more new heavy resonances may be discovered in experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In order to determine if such a resonance is the long-awaited Higgs boson, it is essential to pin down its spin, CP, and electroweak quantum numbers. Here we describe how to determine what role a newly-discovered neutral CP-even scalar plays in electroweak symmetry breaking, by measuring its relative decay rates into pairs of electroweak vector bosons: W+W-, ZZ, gamma gamma, and Z gamma. With the data-driven assumption that electroweak symmetry breaking respects a remnant custodial symmetry, we perform a general analysis with operators up to dimension five. Remarkably, only three pure cases and one nontrivial mixed case need to be disambiguated, which can always be done if all four decay modes to electroweak vector bosons can be observed or constrained. We exhibit interesting special cases of Higgs look-alikes with nonstandard decay patterns, including a very suppressed branching to W+W- or very enhanced branchings to gamma gamma and Z gamma. Even if two vector boson branching fractions conform to Standard Model expectations for a Higgs doublet, measurements of the other two decay modes could unmask a Higgs imposter. C1 [Low, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Low, Ian] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lykken, Joseph] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Low, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ilow@anl.gov; lykken@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-91ER40684, DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX We are grateful to Marcela Carena, Riccardo Rattazzi, and Maria Spiropulu for interesting discussions, and to Alvaro De Rujula for coining the phrase "Higgs imposters". I. L. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and No. DE-FG02-91ER40684. Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance LLC under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 IS 10 AR 053 DI 10.1007/JHEP10(2010)053 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 679FK UT WOS:000284146800053 ER PT J AU Moon, JW Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Love, LJ Roh, Y Everett, SM Lauf, RJ Phelps, TJ AF Moon, Ji-Won Rawn, Claudia J. Rondinone, Adam J. Love, Lonnie J. Roh, Yul Everett, S. Michelle Lauf, Robert J. Phelps, Tommy J. TI Large-scale production of magnetic nanoparticles using bacterial fermentation SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermoanaerobacter sp TOR-39; Fermentation; Mass production; Magnetite; Mono-dispersity; Reproducibility ID MICROFLUIDIC APPLICATIONS; SUBSTITUTED MAGNETITES; DEEP SUBSURFACE; NANOCRYSTALS; IRON; FE; ENVIRONMENTS; REDUCTION AB Production of both nano-sized particles of crystalline pure phase magnetite and magnetite substituted with Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn or the rare earths for some of the Fe has been demonstrated using microbial processes. This microbial production of magnetic nanoparticles can be achieved in large quantities and at low cost. In these experiments, over 1 kg (wet weight) of Zn-substituted magnetite (nominal composition of Zn(0.6)Fe(2.4)O(4)) was recovered from 30 l fermentations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to confirm that the extracellular magnetites exhibited good mono-dispersity. TEM results also showed a highly reproducible particle size and corroborated average crystallite size (ACS) of 13.1 +/- A 0.8 nm determined through X-ray diffraction (N = 7) at a 99% confidence level. Based on scale-up experiments performed using a 35-l reactor, the increase in ACS reproducibility may be attributed to a combination of factors including an increase of electron donor input, availability of divalent substitution metal ions and fewer ferrous ions in the case of substituted magnetite, and increased reactor volume overcoming differences in each batch. Commercial nanometer sized magnetite (25-50 nm) may cost $500/kg. However, microbial processes are potentially capable of producing 5-90 nm pure or substituted magnetites at a fraction of the cost of traditional chemical synthesis. While there are numerous approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles, bacterial fermentation of magnetite or metal-substituted magnetite may represent an advantageous manufacturing technology with respect to yield, reproducibility and scalable synthesis with low costs at low energy input. C1 [Moon, Ji-Won; Everett, S. Michelle; Lauf, Robert J.; Phelps, Tommy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rawn, Claudia J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rondinone, Adam J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase, Div Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Love, Lonnie J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Roh, Yul] Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM phelpstj@ornl.gov RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Everett, Susan/G-8523-2013; Liu, Yifei/L-7828-2014; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Love, Lonnie/P-3010-2015 OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889; Liu, Yifei/0000-0002-1087-9827; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Love, Lonnie/0000-0002-5934-7135 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [1868-HH43-X1]; US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy; US DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; ORNL FX This research was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Biomagnetics Program under contract 1868-HH43-X1 and the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy with student support provided by the DOE Environmental Molecular Science Initiative and US DOE's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. J.-W. Moon was supported by an appointment to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and ORNL. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1023 EP 1031 DI 10.1007/s10295-010-0749-y PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 653AB UT WOS:000282053000002 PM 20544257 ER PT J AU Lebedev, VA Bogacz, SA AF Lebedev, V. A. Bogacz, S. A. TI Betatron motion with coupling of horizontal and vertical degrees of freedom SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics; single-particle dynamics); Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors; beam-intensity monitors; bunch length monitors) ID ALTERNATING-GRADIENT SYNCHROTRON; SYSTEMS AB Presntly, there are two most frequently used parameterezations of linear x-y coupled motion used in the accelerator physics. They are the Edwards-Teng and Mais-Ripken parameterizations. The article is devoted to an analysis of close relationship between the two representations, thus adding a clarity to their physical meaning. It also discusses the relationship between the eigen-vectors, the beta-functions, second order moments and the bilinear form representing the particle ellipsoid in the 4D phase space. Then, it consideres a further development of Mais-Ripken parameteresation where the particle motion is descrabed by 10 parameters: four beta-functions, four alpha-functions and two betatron phase advances. In comparison with Edwards-Teng parameterization the chosen parametrization has an advantage that it works equally well for analysis of coupled betatron motion in circular accelerators and in transfer lines. Considered relationship between second order moments, eigen-vectors and beta-functions can be useful in interpreting tracking results and experimental data. As an example, the developed formalizm is applied to the FNAL electron cooler and Derbenev's vertex-to-plane adapter. C1 [Lebedev, V. A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bogacz, S. A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Lebedev, VA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM val@jfnal.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Work supported by the US DOE under contract # DE-AC02-07CH11359. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 5 AR P10010 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/10/P10010 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 675AZ UT WOS:000283797200003 ER PT J AU Schwarz, S Bollen, G Kester, O Kittimanapun, K Lapierre, A Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Dilling, J Ames, F Ahle, LE Beiersdorfer, P Marrs, RE Beene, JR Mendez, AJ Stracener, DW Lindroos, M Wenander, F AF Schwarz, S. Bollen, G. Kester, O. Kittimanapun, K. Lapierre, A. Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo Dilling, J. Ames, F. Ahle, L. E. Beiersdorfer, P. Marrs, R. E. Beene, J. R. Mendez, A. J. Stracener, D. W. Lindroos, M. Wenander, F. TI EBIS/T charge breeding for intense rare isotope beams at MSU SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Traps CY APR 07-10, 2010 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN DE Instrumentation for radioactive beams (fragmentation devices; fragment and isotope, separators incl. ISOL; isobar separators; ion and atom traps; weak-beam diagnostics; radioactive-beam ion sources); Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)) ID ELECTRON-BEAM; ION-TRAP AB Experiments with reaccelerated beams are an essential component of the science program of existing and future rare isotope beam facilities. NSCL is currently constructing ReA3, a reaccelerator for rare isotopes that have been produced by projectile fragmentation and in-flight fission and that have been thermalized in a gas stopper. The resulting low-energy beam will be brought to an Electron Beam Ion Source/Trap (EBIS/T) in order to obtain highly charged ions at an energy of 12 keV/u. This charge breeder is followed by a compact linear accelerator with a maximum beam energy of 3MeV/u for (238)U and higher energies for lighter isotopes. Next-generation rare isotope beam facilities like the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams FRIB, but also existing Isotope Separator On-line (ISOL) facilities are expected to provide rare-isotope beam rates in the order of 10(11) particles per second for reacceleration. At present the most promising scheme to efficiently start the reacceleration of these intense beams is the use of a next-generation high-current charge-breeder based on an EBIS/T. MSU has formed a collaboration to develop an EBIT for this purpose. A new high-current EBIS/T breeder will be developed and constructed at MSU, where also first tests on achievable beam rate capability will be performed. The EBIT is planned to be installed at the Isotope Separator and Accelerator facility ISAC at TRIUMF laboratory for on-line tests with rare isotope beams and to provide intense energetic reaccelerated radioactive beams. The status of the ReA3-EBIS/T in the NSCL reaccelerator project is given with a brief summary of results, followed by a discussion of plans for the future high-intensity EBIS/T charge breeder. C1 [Schwarz, S.; Bollen, G.; Kester, O.; Kittimanapun, K.; Lapierre, A.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Dilling, J.; Ames, F.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Ahle, L. E.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Marrs, R. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Beene, J. R.; Mendez, A. J.; Stracener, D. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Lindroos, M.; Wenander, F.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Schwarz, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM schwarz@nscl.msu.edu RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 5 AR C10002 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/10/C10002 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 675AZ UT WOS:000283797200017 ER PT J AU Aronson, MC Kim, MS Bennett, MC Janssen, Y Sokolov, DA Wu, L AF Aronson, M. C. Kim, M. S. Bennett, M. C. Janssen, Y. Sokolov, D. A. Wu, L. TI Field Tuning and Quantum Criticality in Ytterbium Based Heavy Electron Compounds SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Quantum critical points; Ytterbium compounds ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; CRITICAL-POINT; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; KONDO-LATTICE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-PRESSURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STATE; SRCU2(BO3)(2); DIAGRAM AB We review here the results of magnetization, specific heat, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements conducted on Yb3Pt4, Yb2Pt2Pb, Yb5Pt9, and YbRh2Pb, which indicate that the Yb moments in these heavy electron compounds are appreciably localized, at least in their paramagnetic states. The magnetic ground states in each are isolated magnetic doublets, and we show that magnetic fields suppress long ranged magnetic order and lead to a characteristic magnetic field-temperature phase diagram where order vanishes suddenly above a critical value for the field. We argue that the stability of magnetic order in these compounds arises from the competition between the Zeeman splitting g mu (B) H of the ground state doublet, which favors a spin polarized state with minimal entropy and without long range order, and the exchange splitting Delta of the doublet, which enables long ranged magnetic order. C1 [Aronson, M. C.; Kim, M. S.; Bennett, M. C.; Janssen, Y.; Sokolov, D. A.; Wu, L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Aronson, M. C.; Kim, M. S.; Bennett, M. C.; Janssen, Y.; Sokolov, D. A.; Wu, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aronson, MC (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Meigan.Aronson@stonybrook.edu RI Sokolov, D/G-7755-2011; Wu, Liusuo/A-5611-2016 OI Wu, Liusuo/0000-0003-0103-5267 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DMR-0405961] FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under grant NSF-DMR-0405961. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 161 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10909-010-0203-6 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 655AG UT WOS:000282212400006 ER PT J AU Gegenwart, P Tokiwa, Y Donath, JG Kuchler, R Bergmann, C Jeevan, HS Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Geibel, C Steglich, F AF Gegenwart, P. Tokiwa, Y. Donath, J. G. Kuechler, R. Bergmann, C. Jeevan, H. S. Bauer, E. D. Sarrao, J. L. Geibel, C. Steglich, F. TI Divergence of the Gruneisen Parameter and Magnetocaloric Effect at Heavy Fermion Quantum Critical Points SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Quantum critical point; Heavy fermion systems ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; MAGNETIC INSTABILITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS; CECOIN5; METALS; FLUCTUATIONS; SR3RU2O7 AB At any pressure sensitive quantum critical point (QCP) the thermal expansion is more singular than the specific heat leading to a divergence of the Gruneisen parameter. For a magnetic field sensitive QCP, the complementary property is the magnetic Gruneisen ratio which equals the magnetocaloric effect. Here we use both properties to investigate magnetic QCPs in different heavy fermion (HF) metals starting from CeNi2Ge2. The influence of dimensionality on quantum criticality is addressed by the comparison of cubic CeIn3-x Sn (x) with layered CeMIn5-x Sn (x) (M = Co, Rh) systems, in which Sn doping both acts as tuning parameter and introduces slight disorder. Near the field-tuned QCP in undoped CeCoIn5 a crossover scale T (a T (a N-projectile in the reaction Ca-48 (60 MeV/nucleon) plus Ta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE STABILITY; NUCLEI; DISTRIBUTIONS; MOMENTUM; ISOTOPES; NA-37; NE-34; O-28; LINE AB The goal of the present paper is to attempt to clarify the nuclear reaction mechanism leading to the production of fragments at zero degree with neutron number larger than that in the Ca-48 projectile, at about 60 MeV per nucleon. The production cross sections of the extremely neutron-rich Si and P isotopes were measured. Concerning the nuclear reaction mechanism leading to the production of these isotopes, one should probably refer to a particular type of transfer mechanism, which results in low excitation energy for the fragments, rather than to the 'genuine' fragmentation mechanism. An upper limit of about 0.05 pb was estimated for the production cross section for the P-47 isotope for which no count was observed. C1 [Lukyanov, S.; Adamyan, G.; Astabatyan, R.; Maslov, V.; Penionzhkevich, Yu; Revenko, R.] JINR, FLNR, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. [Santos, F. de Oliveira; Assie, M.; Caceres, L.; Grevy, S.; Harakeh, M. N.; Kamalou, O.; Lewitowicz, M.; Saint-Laurent, M-G; Stodel, C.; Thomas, J-C; Ujic, P.] Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen, France. [Borcea, C.; Borcea, R.; Buta, A.; Rotaru, F.; Stanoiu, M.] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Georgiev, G.] CSNSM, F-91404 Orsay, France. [Harakeh, M. N.] Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. [Mocko, M.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mocko, M.; Tsang, B. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Perrot, L.] CNRS, IPN, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Lukyanov, S (reprint author), JINR, FLNR, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. EM lukyan@nrmail.jinr.ru RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Georgiev, Georgi/C-5110-2008; Ujic, Predrag/D-1692-2016 OI Georgiev, Georgi/0000-0003-1467-1764; Ujic, Predrag/0000-0002-2577-5633 FU Russian (RFBI) foundation [IN2P3-Dubna, IN2P3-Bucharest, 09-07-02-00251, 09-02-91056]; CNCSIS-UEFISCSU [PNII IDEI 933/2007] FX We thank the staff members of the GANIL cyclotrons facility and the staff of the ECR-source for the high-quality beams they provided to the experiment. We also acknowledge the fruitful discussions with Dr N Antonenko. The technical assistance of R Hue, S Le Moal, V Morel and E Markaryan was highly appreciated. This work was supported by the IN2P3-Dubna and IN2P3-Bucharest collaboration agreements, Russian (RFBI) foundation (09-07-02-00251, 09-02-91056) and partly supported by CNCSIS-UEFISCSU (project number PNII IDEI 933/2007). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 IS 10 AR 105111 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/10/105111 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 655UP UT WOS:000282276700029 ER PT J AU Stratakis, D Gallardo, JC Palmer, RB AF Stratakis, Diktys Gallardo, Juan C. Palmer, Robert B. TI Magnetically insulated high-gradient accelerating structures for muon accelerators SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELDS AB Reduction of the available accelerating gradient in cavities exposed to external magnetic fields is a longstanding problem which limits the performance of many systems, especially muon accelerators. We propose a novel idea for improving the cavity's gradient by suppressing breakdown events caused by field emissions on its surfaces. The concept involves designing an rf cavity wherein its walls are parallel to the contour lines of the external magnetic fields, thereby preventing field-emitted electrons from leaving the surface, and subsequently picking up energy from the rf electric field. We present a conceptual design of a muon accelerator cooling lattice with magnetically insulated cavities and detail its expected performance. Our results suggest that the magnetically insulated cooling channel we describe, although demanding in rf power, can produce enough initial beam cooling to be a feasible option for a muon collider or a neutrino factory. C1 [Stratakis, Diktys; Gallardo, Juan C.; Palmer, Robert B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stratakis, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Gallardo, Juan C/0000-0002-5191-3067 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors are grateful to J S Berg, R C Fernow, H Kirk, J Kolonko, D Cline, B Weggel, J T Keane and J Norem for their useful discussions. The authors also wish to thank A Woodhead for reading the paper and making useful suggestions. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, contract no DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 IS 10 AR 105011 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/10/105011 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 655UP UT WOS:000282276700013 ER PT J AU Recknagle, KP Ryan, EM Koeppel, BJ Mahoney, LA Khaleel, MA AF Recknagle, Kurtis P. Ryan, Emily M. Koeppel, Brian J. Mahoney, Lenna A. Khaleel, Moe A. TI Modeling of electrochemistry and steam-methane reforming performance for simulating pressurized solid oxide fuel cell stacks SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Electrochemistry; Pressurized; DIR; SOFC; Performance; Modeling ID PLANAR SOFC; TEMPERATURE; ANODE; KINETICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERCONNECT; TRANSPORT; CATALYSTS; BEHAVIOR AB This paper examines the electrochemical and direct internal steam-methane reforming performance of the solid oxide fuel cell when subjected to pressurization. Pressurized operation boosts the Nernst potential and decreases the activation polarization, both of which serve to increase cell voltage and power while lowering the heat load and operating temperature. A model considering the activation polarization in both the fuel and the air electrodes was adopted to address this effect on the electrochemical performance. The pressurized methane conversion kinetics and the increase in equilibrium methane concentration are considered in a new rate expression. The models were then applied in simulations to predict how the distributions of direct internal reforming rate, temperature, and current density are effected within stacks operating at elevated pressure. A generic 10 cm counter-flow stack model was created and used for the simulations of pressurized operation. The predictions showed improved thermal and electrical performance with increased operating pressure. The average and maximum cell temperatures decreased by 3% (20 degrees C) while the cell voltage increased by 9% as the operating pressure was increased from 1 to 10 atm. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Recknagle, Kurtis P.; Ryan, Emily M.; Koeppel, Brian J.; Mahoney, Lenna A.; Khaleel, Moe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Recknagle, KP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kp.recknagle@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The work summarized in this paper was funded as part of the Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance Core Technology Program by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 19 BP 6637 EP 6644 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.024 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 619VX UT WOS:000279459500050 ER PT J AU Wang, X Tajiri, K Ahluwalia, RK AF Wang, X. Tajiri, K. Ahluwalia, R. K. TI Water transport during startup and shutdown of polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Polymer electrolyte fuel cells; Cold-start; Shutdown ID ICE FORMATION; COLD START; CATALYST LAYER; LIQUID WATER; GAS PURGE; PEFC; TEMPERATURES; -20-DEGREES-C; OPERATION; REMOVAL AB A dynamic three-phase transport model is developed to analyze water uptake and transport in the membrane and catalyst layers of polymer electrolyte fuel cells during startup from subfreezing temperatures and subsequent shutdown. The initial membrane water content (lambda, the number of water molecules per sulfonic acid site) is found to be an important parameter that determines whether a successful unassisted self-start is possible. For a given initial subfreezing temperature at startup, there is a critical lambda (lambda(h)), above which self-start is not possible because the product water completely engulfs the catalyst layers with ice before the stack can warm-up to 0 degrees C. There is a second value of lambda (lambda(1)), below which the stack can be self-started without forming ice. Between lambda(1) and lambda(h), the stack can be self-started, but with intermediate formation of ice that melts as the stack warms up to 0 degrees C. Both lambda(1) and lambda(h), are functions of the initial stack temperature, cell voltage at startup, membrane thickness, catalyst loading, and stack heat capacity. If the stack is purged during the previous shutdown by flowing air in the cathode passages, then depending on the initial amount of water in the membrane and gas diffusion layers and the initial stack temperature, it may not be possible to dry the membrane to the critical lambda for a subsequent successful startup. There is an optimum lambda for robust and rapid startup and shutdown. Startup and shutdown time and energy may be unacceptable if the lambda is much less than the optimum. Conversely, a robust startup from subfreezing temperatures cannot be assured if the lambda is much higher than this optimum. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahluwalia, R. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahluwalia, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walia@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program. Dr. Nancy Garland and Mr. Jason Marcinkoski were the Technology Development Managers for this study. The authors thank Dr. Romesh Kumar of Argonne National Laboratory for many useful discussions and helpful suggestions. Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 19 BP 6680 EP 6687 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.012 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 619VX UT WOS:000279459500055 ER PT J AU Tong, W Yoon, WS Amatucci, GG AF Tong, W. Yoon, W-S Amatucci, G. G. TI Electrochemically active silver molybdenum oxyfluoride perovskite: Synthesis and in situ electrochemical characterization SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Silver molybdenum oxyfluoride perovskite positive electrode; Primary lithium battery; In situ XAS; Raman; XRD ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; DENSITY PHASE; SCATTERING; AG4V2O6F2; FLUORIDE AB An electrochemical characterization of a silver molybdenum oxyfluoride perovskite positive electrode for Li batteries was investigated as a function of synthesis condition, stoichiometry and effect of Mo and Ag derived second phases. A detailed in situ electrochemical study by XAS, Raman, and XRD was performed, revealing a 3 electron silver displacement or conversion reaction at >3V and a 2 electron reduction of Mo(6+) to Mo(4+) in the region <3 V. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tong, W.; Amatucci, G. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Tong, W.; Amatucci, G. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Yoon, W-S] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tong, W (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM weitong@eden.rutgers.edu RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Tong, Wei/D-5919-2012 FU Greatbatch Inc. FX The authors thank Greatbatch Inc. for the financial support of this work. The technical assistance of F. Badway, N. Pereira, I. Plitz, J. Gural and W. Yourey is greatly appreciated. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 19 BP 6831 EP 6838 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.043 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 619VX UT WOS:000279459500073 ER PT J AU Qin, Y Chen, ZH Lu, WQ Amine, K AF Qin, Yan Chen, Zonghai Lu, Wenquan Amine, Khalil TI Electrolyte additive to improve performance of MCMB/LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Li-ion cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; Additive; Electrode; Functional electrolyte; Impedance; Cycleability ID HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; VINYLENE CARBONATE; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; GRAPHITE ANODE; BATTERIES; POLYMERIZATION; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; LIBOB AB The electrolyte additive, 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5] undecane (TOS), was investigated as a means to improve the life of mesocarbon microbead (MCMB)/Li-1.1 [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3](0.9)O-2 (NCM) cells for high-power applications. With the addition of an appropriate amount of TOS (no more than 1 wt%) to MCMB/NCM cells, the capacity retention was significantly improved at 55 C compared with cells containing pristine electrolyte. Aging tests at 55 C indicated that the capacity retention of the negative electrode had benefited as a result of the formation of a stable passivation film at the surface of the carbon electrode due to TOS reduction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that a TOS addition of more than 0.5 wt% increased the cell interfacial impedance. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the thermal stability of lithiated MCMB was also improved with the TOS addition. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Yan; Chen, Zonghai; Lu, Wenquan; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Research was funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. Differential scanning calorimetry equipment was provided by the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 19 BP 6888 EP 6892 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.040 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 619VX UT WOS:000279459500082 ER PT J AU Zhou, C Yin, YB Dam, P Xu, Y AF Zhou, Chan Yin, Yanbin Dam, Phuongan Xu, Ying TI Identification of Novel Proteins Involved in Plant Cell-Wall Synthesis Based on Protein-Protein Interaction Data SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE plant cell-wall synthesis; protein function prediction; protein-protein interaction; Arabidopsis thaliana; biofuel; computational biology ID LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH; GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AB The plant cell wall is mainly composed of polysaccharides, representing the richest source of biomass for future biofuel production. Currently, the majority of the cell-wall synthesis-related (CWSR) proteins are unknown even for model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We report a computational framework for predicting CWSR proteins based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) data and known CWSR proteins. We predict a protein to be a CWSR protein if it interacts with known CWSR proteins (seeds) with high statistical significance. Using this technique, we predicted 100 candidate CWSR proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, 8 of which were experimentally confirmed by previous reports. Forty-two candidates have either independent supporting evidence or strong functional relevance to cell-wall synthesis and, hence, are considered as the most reliable predictions. For 33 of the predicted CWSR proteins, we have predicted their detailed functional roles in CWS, based on analyses of their domain architectures, phylogeny, and current functional annotation in conjunction with a literature search. We present the constructed PPIs covering all the known and predicted CWSR proteins at http://csbl.bmb.uga.edu/ similar to zhouchan/CellWallProtein/. The 42 most reliable candidates provide useful targets to experimentalists for further investigation, and the PPI data constructed in this work provides new information for cell-wall research. C1 [Zhou, Chan; Yin, Yanbin; Dam, Phuongan; Xu, Ying] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhou, Chan; Yin, Yanbin; Dam, Phuongan; Xu, Ying] Univ Georgia, Inst Bioinformat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhou, Chan; Yin, Yanbin; Dam, Phuongan; Xu, Ying] BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xu, Ying] Jilin Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Technol, Changchun 130012, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM xyn@bmb.uga.edu RI Yin, Yanbin/C-9788-2010; ZHOU, Chan/A-7110-2009 OI Yin, Yanbin/0000-0001-7667-881X; ZHOU, Chan/0000-0002-0351-6235 FU DOE; DOE Office of Science; NSF [DBI-0354771, ITR-IIS-0407204, CCF-0621700, DBI-0542119]; NSF/DEB [0830024] FX We thank all of the members of the biofuel group, especially Wen-chi Chou, in the Computational Systems Biology Laboratory of UGA for helpful discussions and suggestions. We also thank Dr. Victor Olman for discussion about the statistical methods, Dr. Fluffing Chen for helpful discussion about structure prediction, and Dr. Xizheng Mao for discussion about network analysis. The work of Y.Y., P.D., and Y.X. was supported, in part, by the DOE grant for the BioEnergy Science Center. The BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) is a U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. The work of P.D. and Y.X. was also supported by NSF (DBI-0354771, ITR-IIS-0407204, CCF-0621700, DBI-0542119). The work of C.Z. and Y.Y. was also supported in part by NSF/DEB 0830024. NR 102 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 5025 EP 5037 DI 10.1021/pr100249c PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 655NX UT WOS:000282257800014 PM 20687615 ER PT J AU Zhou, JY Afjehi-Sadat, L Asress, S Duong, DM Cudkowicz, M Glass, JD Peng, J AF Zhou, Jian-Ying Afjehi-Sadat, Leila Asress, Seneshaw Duong, Duc M. Cudkowicz, Merit Glass, Jonathan D. Peng, Junmin TI Galectin-3 Is a Candidate Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Discovery by a Proteomics Approach SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Motor neuron disease; galectin-3; human; biomarkers ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPINAL-CORD; MOUSE MODEL; ALS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEGENERATION; PROTEINS; TDP-43 AB The discovery of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases will have a major impact on the efficiency of therapeutic clinical trials and may be important for understanding basic pathogenic mechanisms. We have approached the discovery of protein biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by profiling affected tissues in a relevant animal model and then validating the findings in human tissues. Ventral roots from SOD1(G93A) "ALS" mice were analyzed by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry, and the resulting data were compared with data for matched samples from nontransgenic littermates and transgenic mice carrying wild-type human SOD1 (SOD1(WT)). Of 1299 proteins, statistical inference of the data in the three groups identified 14 proteins that were dramatically altered in the ALS mice compared with the two control groups. The protein galectin-3 emerged as a lead biomarker candidate on the basis of its differential expression as assessed by immunoblot and immunocytochemistry in SOD1G93A mice as compared to controls and because it is a secreted protein that could potentially be measured in human biofluids. Spinal cord tissue from ALS patients also exhibited increased levels of galectin-3 when compared to controls. Further measurement of galectin-3 in cerebrospinal fluid samples showed that ALS patients had approximately twice as much galectin-3 as normal and disease controls. These results provide the proof of principle that biomarker identification in relevant and well-controlled animal models can be translated to human disease. The challenge is to validate our biomarker candidate proteins as true biomarkers for ALS that will be useful for diagnosis and/or monitoring disease activity in future clinical trials. C1 [Glass, Jonathan D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Glass, Jonathan D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhou, Jian-Ying; Afjehi-Sadat, Leila; Duong, Duc M.; Peng, Junmin] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhou, Jian-Ying; Afjehi-Sadat, Leila; Asress, Seneshaw; Duong, Duc M.; Glass, Jonathan D.; Peng, Junmin] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Asress, Seneshaw; Glass, Jonathan D.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Prote Serv Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cudkowicz, Merit] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Cudkowicz, Merit] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Clin Trials Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Glass, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jglas03@emory.edu; jpeng@emory.edu RI Zhou, Jian-Ying/B-1336-2011; Zhou, Jian-Ying/D-1308-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [P50AG025688, R21NS060182, P30NS055077]; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association FX We thank Drs. A. Levey, P. Xu, and N. T. Seyfried for valuable comments regarding the manuscript, Matt Jaffa for assistance with CSF samples, and Dr. Marla Gearing and Deborah Cooper for providing the human spinal cord tissues. We also thank Dr. H. Cummings for providing purified Gal3 proteins. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants P50AG025688, R21NS060182, and P30NS055077 and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association. Importantly, we thank the patients and families who contributed tissues and CSF samples, without which this kind of research could not be accomplished. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 5133 EP 5141 DI 10.1021/pr100409r PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 655NX UT WOS:000282257800023 PM 20698585 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI What is the acidity of a plutonium solution? SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Plutonium; Disproportionation; pH; Hydrolysis AB The determination of the pH of a plutonium solution has traditionally depended on an electrode or a titration in the presence of a complexing agent. A new approach uses the equilibrium distribution of the Pu oxidation states to estimate the hydrogen ion concentration. The method is used to estimate the equilibrium constant of the first hydrolysis reaction of tetravalent plutonium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E502,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 286 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s10967-010-0615-4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 662RC UT WOS:000282828000015 ER PT J AU Hatab, NA Eres, G Hatzinger, PB Gu, BH AF Hatab, Nahla A. Eres, Gyula Hatzinger, Paul B. Gu, Baohua TI Detection and analysis of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in environmental samples by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE RDX; explosives; SERS detection; gold nanoparticles; groundwater ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDAL SILVER; RHODAMINE 6G; SCATTERING; NANOCRYSTALS; SERS; EXPLOSIVES; EXCITATION; SUBSTRATE; JUNCTIONS AB Techniques for rapid and sensitive detection of energetics such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) are needed both for environmental and security screening applications. Here we report the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy to detect traces of RDX with good sensitivity and reproducibility. Using gold (Au) nanoparticles (similar to 90-100 nm in diameter) as SERS substrates, RDX was detectable at concentrations as low as 0.15 mg/l in a contaminated groundwater sample. This detection limit is about two orders of magnitude lower than those reported previously using SERS techniques. A surface enhancement factor of similar to 6 x 10(4) was obtained. This research further demonstrates the potential for using SERS as a rapid, in situ field screening tool for energetics detection when coupled with a portable Raman spectrometer. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hatab, Nahla A.; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Eres, Gyula] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Hatab, NA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM abuhatabna@ornl.gov; gub1@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 FU U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported in part by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 50 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1131 EP 1136 DI 10.1002/jrs.2574 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 677VW UT WOS:000284023100007 ER PT J AU Morasca, P Massa, M Laprocina, E Mayeda, K Phillips, S Malagnini, L Spallarossa, D Costa, G Augliera, P AF Morasca, Paola Massa, Marco Laprocina, Enrica Mayeda, Kevin Phillips, Scott Malagnini, Luca Spallarossa, Daniele Costa, Giovanni Augliera, Paolo TI Improved 2-D attenuation analysis for Northern Italy using a merged dataset from selected regional seismic networks SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seismic attenuation tomography; Coda waves; Northern Italy ID UPPERMOST MANTLE STRUCTURE; GROUND-MOTION; WAVE ATTENUATION; WESTERN ALPS; CODA WAVES; EARTHQUAKE; CRUSTAL; EQUATIONS; SPECTRA; TOMOGRAPHY AB A merged, high-quality waveform dataset from different seismic networks has been used to improve our understanding of lateral seismic attenuation for Northern Italy. In a previous study on the same region, Morasca et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 98: 1936-1946, 2008) were able to resolve only a small area due to limited data coverage. For this reason, the interpretation of the attenuation anomalies was difficult given the complexity of the region and the poor resolution of the available data. In order to better understand the lateral changes in the crustal structure and thickness of this region, we selected 770 earthquakes recorded by 54 stations for a total of almost 16,000 waveforms derived from seismic networks operating totally or partially in Northern Italy. Direct S-wave and coda attenuation images were obtained using an amplitude ratio technique that eliminates source terms from the formulation. Both direct and early-coda amplitudes are used as input for the inversions, and the results are compared. Results were obtained for various frequency bands ranging between 0.3 and 25.0 Hz and in all cases show significant improvement with respect to the previous study since the resolved area has been extended and more crossing paths have been used to image smaller scale anomalies. Quality-factor estimates are consistent with the regional tectonic structure exhibiting a general trend of low attenuation under the Po Plain basin and higher values for the Western Alps and Northern Apennines. The interpretation of the results for the Eastern Alps is not simple, possibly because our resolution for this area is still not adequate to resolve small-scale structures. C1 [Morasca, Paola; Spallarossa, Daniele] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [Massa, Marco; Malagnini, Luca; Augliera, Paolo] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Laprocina, Enrica; Costa, Giovanni] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Mayeda, Kevin] Weston Geophys Corp, Lexington, MA USA. [Phillips, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Morasca, P (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy. EM alpocc@dipteris.unige.it NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 14 IS 4 BP 727 EP 738 DI 10.1007/s10950-010-9194-7 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 655SY UT WOS:000282271000006 ER PT J AU Jang, YN Kao, CC Vogt, T Lee, Y AF Jang, Young-Nam Kao, Chi-Chang Vogt, Thomas Lee, Yongjae TI Anisotropic compression of a synthetic potassium aluminogermanate zeolite with gismondine topology SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zeolite; Gismondine; Pressure; Compressibility ID PRESSURE-INDUCED HYDRATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CATION-EXCHANGE; NA; NATROLITE AB Compression behaviour of a potassium aluminogermanate with a gismondine framework topology (K-AlGe-GIS) was studied using in-situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. In contrast to the potassium gallosilicate analogue (K-GaSi-GIS), no elastic anomaly due to pressure-induced hydration and/or cation relocation was observed in K-AlGe-GIS. The Birch-Murnaghan fit to the pressure-volume data results in a bulk modulus of B(0)=31(1) GPa. The derived linear-axial compressibilities (i.e., beta(a)=0.0065(5) GPa(-1), beta(b)=0.0196(4) GPa(-1), beta(c)=0.0081(7) GPa(-1)) indicate that the b-axis, normal to the 8-ring channels, is about three times more compressible than the a and c axes, parallel to the elliptical 8-ring channels. As a consequence a gradual flattening of the so-called 'double crankshaft' structural building units of the gismondine framework is observed. In K-AlGe-GIS, this flattening occurs almost linear with pressure, whereas it is nonlinear in the GaSi-analogue due to structural changes of the water-cation assembly under hydrostatic pressures. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Yongjae] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jang, Young-Nam] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Kao, Chi-Chang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Vogt, Thomas] Univ S Carolina, NanoCtr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Vogt, Thomas] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM yongjaelee@yonsei.ac.kr RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; FU KIGAM; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of the Korean Government; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences, under NSF [EAR 06-49658] FX This work was supported by the Utilization and Sequestration of CO2 using Industrial Minerals program by KIGAM. TV, CCK, and YL also thank the support by the Global Research Lab Program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of the Korean Government. Experiments at PAL were supported in part by MEST and Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH). Research carried out in part at the NSLS at BNL is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank the use of Ruby laser system at NSLS which was supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences, under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR 06-49658. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 183 IS 10 BP 2305 EP 2308 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.07.041 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 663FR UT WOS:000282868900008 ER PT J AU Whittle, KR Lumpkin, GR Blackford, MG Aughterson, RD Smith, KL Zaluzec, NJ AF Whittle, Karl R. Lumpkin, Gregory R. Blackford, Mark G. Aughterson, Robert D. Smith, Katherine L. Zaluzec, Nestor J. TI Ion-beam irradiation of lanthanum compounds in the systems La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Irradiation; Amorphisation; La2TiO5; La2Ti2O7 ID INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; RADIATION TOLERANCE; NUCLEAR-WASTE; PYROCHLORE; IMMOBILIZATION; DIFFRACTION; PEROVSKITE; PLUTONIUM; CERAMICS; LA2TI2O7 AB Thin crystals of La2O3, LaAlO3, La2/3TiO3, La2TiO5, and La2Ti2O7 have been irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr2+ ions at the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope-Tandem User Facility (IVEM-Tandem), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). We observed that La2O3 remained crystalline to a fluence greater than 3.1 x 10(16) ions cm(-2) at a temperature of 50 K. The four binary oxide compounds in the two systems were observed through the crystalline-amorphous transition as a function of ion fluence and temperature. Results from the ion irradiations give critical temperatures for amorphisation (T-c) of 647 K for LaAlO3, 840 K for La2Ti2O7, 865 K for La2/3TiO3, and 1027 K for La2TiO5. The T-c values observed in this study, together with previous data for Al2O3 and TiO2, are discussed with reference to the melting points for the La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2 systems and the different local environments within the four crystal structures. Results suggest that there is an observable inverse correlation between T-c and melting temperature (T-m) in the two systems. More complex relationships exist between , and crystal structure, with the stoichiometric perovskite LaAlO3 being the most resistant to amorphisation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Whittle, Karl R.; Lumpkin, Gregory R.; Blackford, Mark G.; Aughterson, Robert D.; Smith, Katherine L.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Mat Engn, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Zaluzec, Nestor J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Whittle, KR (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Mat Engn, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM karl.whittle@ansto.gov.au RI Whittle, Karl/A-7404-2008; Lumpkin, Gregory/A-7558-2008 OI Whittle, Karl/0000-0002-8000-0857; NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 183 IS 10 BP 2416 EP 2420 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.07.033 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 663FR UT WOS:000282868900023 ER PT J AU Zalupski, PR Nash, KL Martin, LR AF Zalupski, P. R. Nash, K. L. Martin, L. R. TI Thermodynamic Features of the Complexation of Neodymium(III) and Americium(III) by Lactate in Trifluoromethanesulfonate Media SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermochemistry; Calorimetry; Actinides; Lanthanides; TALSPEAK process ID LACTIC-ACID; BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHORIC ACID; POLYAMINOCARBOXYLIC ACID; LANTHANIDE EXTRACTION; TRIVALENT LANTHANIDE; F-ELEMENTS; SYSTEM; IONS; ACTINIDES; EU(III) AB The protonation of lactate has been studied in a variety of electrolyte solutions using microcalorimetry to reveal a distinct medium influence imposed on the thermochemistry of the equilibrium. The thermochemistry of lactate protonation, when studied directly in 1.0 mola <...L(-1) sodium lactate, agreed well with the studies performed in trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate). This thermodynamic agreement suggests that the physical chemistry of lactate in the solutions applicable to the TALSPEAK process-a solvent extraction method for separating trivalent actinides from trivalent lanthanides within the scope of used nuclear fuel processing efforts-may be simulated in triflate solutions. Potentiometry, spectrophotometry and microcalorimetry have been subsequently used to study the thermodynamic features of neodymium and americium complexation by lactate using triflate as a strong background electrolyte. Three successive mononuclear lactate complexes were identified for Nd(III) and Am(III). The stability constants for neodymium, beta (101)=2.60 +/- 0.01, beta (102)=4.66 +/- 0.02 and beta (103)=5.6 +/- 0.1, and for americium, beta (101)=2.60 +/- 0.06, beta (102)=4.7 +/- 0.1 and beta (103)=6.2 +/- 0.2, were found to closely agree with the thermodynamic studies reported in sodium perchlorate solutions. Consequently, the thermodynamic medium effect, imposed on the TALSPEAK-related solution equilibria by the presence of strong background electrolytes such as NaClO(4) and NaNO(3), does not significantly impact the speciation in solution. C1 [Zalupski, P. R.; Martin, L. R.] INL, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Nash, K. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Zalupski, PR (reprint author), INL, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM peter.zalupski@inl.gov RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110 FU Fuel Cycle Research and Development program (FCRD); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX Support for this work was from the Fuel Cycle Research and Development program (FCR&D), U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1229 DI 10.1007/s10953-010-9573-2 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 653NE UT WOS:000282097400011 ER PT J AU Mikhailov, MM Burtseva, TA Lapin, AN AF Mikhailov, M. M. Burtseva, T. A. Lapin, A. N. TI The Effect of Heating on Optical Properties and Radiation Resistance of Coatings Based on Micro- and Nanosized Aluminum Oxide Powders SO JOURNAL OF SURFACE INVESTIGATION-X-RAY SYNCHROTRON AND NEUTRON TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID F-CENTER; DEFECTS; LUMINESCENCE; ALPHA-AL2O3; NANOPOWDERS; CRYSTALS; AL2O3 AB Comparative analysis of the effect of heating in air (at T = 800 degrees C for 2 h) on the diffuse reflectance spectra in the range of 360-2100 nm and on the integrated coefficient of the solar radiation absorption of coatings based on Al2O3 micro- and nanopowders has been carried out. Their variation under electron irradiation has been studied. It is established that the heating of powders deteriorates the optical properties and radiation resistance of coatings. C1 [Mikhailov, M. M.; Lapin, A. N.] Tomsk State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk, Russia. [Burtseva, T. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mikhailov, MM (reprint author), Tomsk State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk, Russia. RI Mikhailov, Mikhail/H-3313-2016 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1027-4510 EI 1819-7094 J9 J SURF INVEST-X-RAY+ JI J. Surf. Ingestig.-X-Ray Synchro. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 4 IS 5 BP 817 EP 822 DI 10.1134/S102745101005023X PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 694LV UT WOS:000285300600022 ER PT J AU White, CE Provis, JL Proffen, T van Deventer, JSJ AF White, Claire E. Provis, John L. Proffen, Thomas van Deventer, Jannie S. J. TI The Effects of Temperature on the Local Structure of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Binder: A Neutron Pair Distribution Function Investigation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; SODIUM POLYSIALATE; PHYSICAL EVOLUTION; THERMAL EVOLUTION; GELS; TECHNOLOGY; KAOLINITE; BEHAVIOR; MULLITE; ALUMINA AB Neutron pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is utilized to advance the understanding of the local atomic structural characteristics of geopolymer binders derived from metakaolin, specifically the nature and amount of the water associated with these materials. Samples were heated in air to temperatures up to 1200 degrees C, then analyzed ex situ by high momentum transfer neutron total scattering and PDF analysis. Water contained in large pores, along with water associated with hydration of potassium cations in the geopolymer framework structure, comprise the majority of water in this material. The remaining water is situated in small pores and as terminal hydroxyl groups attached to the Si-Al framework. The Si-Al framework structure undergoes only subtle rearrangement upon heating, but maintains a tetrahedral aluminosilicate framework environment. After crystallization with heating beyond 1000 degrees C, the geopolymer gel is predominantly converted to leucite, with small amounts of amorphous mullite and glassy silica, which have never before been observed in heated geopolymers. This demonstrates the value of neutron PDF analysis to probe the local structure of these important geopolymeric materials. C1 [White, Claire E.; Provis, John L.; van Deventer, Jannie S. J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Proffen, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Provis, JL (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM jprovis@unimelb.edu.au RI White, Claire/A-1722-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Provis, John/A-7631-2008; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI White, Claire/0000-0002-4800-7960; Provis, John/0000-0003-3372-8922; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 FU Australian Research Council (ARC); Centre for Sustainable Resource Processing via the Geopolymer Alliance; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NSF [DMR 00-76488] FX This work was funded in part by the Australian Research Council (ARC) (including some funding via the Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, a Special Research Centre of the ARC), and in part by a studentship paid to Claire White by the Centre for Sustainable Resource Processing via the Geopolymer Alliance. The NPDF instrument is located at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under the DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The upgrade of NPDF has been funded by the NSF through the grant DMR 00-76488. NR 43 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 93 IS 10 BP 3486 EP 3492 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03906.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 660JN UT WOS:000282637200107 ER PT J AU Shah, AR Davidson, J Monroe, ME Mayampurath, AM Danielson, WF Shi, Y Robinson, AC Clowers, BH Belov, ME Anderson, GA Smith, RD AF Shah, Anuj R. Davidson, Jennifer Monroe, Matthew E. Mayampurath, Anoop M. Danielson, William F. Shi, Yan Robinson, Aaron C. Clowers, Brian H. Belov, Mikhail E. Anderson, Gordon A. Smith, Richard D. TI An Efficient Data Format for Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE; NETCDF AB The diverse range of mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation along with corresponding proprietary and nonproprietary data formats has generated a proteomics community driven call for a standardized format to facilitate management, processing, storing, visualization, and exchange of both experimental and processed data. To date, significant efforts have been extended towards standardizing XML-based formats for mass spectrometry data representation, despite the recognized inefficiencies associated with storing large numeric datasets in XML. The proteomics community has periodically entertained alternate strategies for data exchange, e.g., using a common application programming interface or a database-derived format. However, these efforts have yet to gain significant attention, mostly because they have not demonstrated significant performance benefits over existing standards, but also due to issues such as extensibility to multidimensional separation systems, robustness of operation, and incomplete or mismatched vocabulary. Here, we describe a format based on standard database principles that offers multiple benefits over existing formats in terms of storage size, ease of processing, data retrieval times, and extensibility to accommodate multidimensional separation systems. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010,21, 1784-1788) (C) 2010 American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Davidson, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mayampurath, Anoop M.] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN USA. [Clowers, Brian H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, 3335 Q Ave,K8-98 POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1784 EP 1788 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.06.014 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 659EC UT WOS:000282548800016 PM 20674389 ER PT J AU Kotler, JM Hinman, NW Richardson, CD Scott, JR AF Kotler, J. Michelle Hinman, Nancy W. Richardson, C. Doc Scott, Jill R. TI Thermal decomposition behavior of potassium and sodium jarosite synthesized in the presence of methylamine and alanine SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE Jarosite; Mars; Methylamine; Alanine; Biosignatures ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; MARS; MINERALS; THERMODYNAMICS; PLUMBOJAROSITE; HYDROZINCITE; SMITHSONITE; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; BEAVERITE AB Biomolecules, methylamine and alanine, found associated with natural jarosite samples peaked the interest of astrobiologists and planetary geologists. How the biomolecules are associated with jarosite remains unclear although the mechanism could be important for detecting biosignatures in the rock record on Earth and other planets. A series of thermal gravimetric experiments using synthetic K-jarosite and Na-jarosite were conducted to determine if thermal analysis could differentiate physical mixtures of alanine and methylamine with jarosite from samples where the methylamine or alanine was incorporated into the synthesis procedure. Physical mixtures and synthetic experiments with methylamine and alanine could be differentiated from one another and from the standards by thermal analysis for both the K-jarosite and Na-jarosite end-member suites. Changes included shifts in on-set temperatures, total temperature changes from on-set to final, and the presence of indicator peaks for methylamine and alanine in the physical mixture experiments. C1 [Kotler, J. Michelle; Hinman, Nancy W.; Richardson, C. Doc] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Scott, Jill R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hinman, NW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM julia.kotler@umontana.edu; nancy.hinman@umontana.edu RI Scott, Jill/G-7275-2012 FU NASA [NNX08AP59G]; NL under DOE/NE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-5ID14517] FX Funding for this research at the University of Montana and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) comes from the NASA exobiology program (NNX08AP59G). J.M.K. would like to thank the Inland Northwest Research Alliance for graduate support during this project. We would like to thank Christopher Orme of the INL for assistance with thermal analysis. Research performed at the INL under DOE/NE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-5ID14517. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10973-009-0338-3 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 648PD UT WOS:000281705500004 ER PT J AU Radecki, PP Farinholt, KM Park, G Bement, MT AF Radecki, Peter P. Farinholt, Kevin M. Park, Gyuhae Bement, Matthew T. TI Vibration Suppression in Cutting Tools Using a Collocated Piezoelectric Sensor/Actuator With an Adaptive Control Algorithm SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE POSITION FEEDBACK; LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; SERVO; ACTUATOR; DESIGN; IMPLEMENTATION; MACHINE AB The machining process is very important in many engineering applications. In high precision machining, surface finish is strongly correlated with vibrations and the dynamic interactions between the part and the cutting tool. Parameters affecting these vibrations and dynamic interactions, such as spindle speed, cut depth, feed rate, and the part's material properties can vary in real time, resulting in unexpected or undesirable effects on the surface finish of the machining product. The focus of this research is the development of an improved machining process through the use of active vibration damping. The tool holder employs a high-bandwidth piezoelectric actuator with an adaptive positive position feedback control algorithm for vibration and chatter suppression. In addition, instead of using external sensors, the proposed approach investigates the use of a collocated piezoelectric sensor for measuring the dynamic responses from machining processes. The performance of this' method is evaluated by comparing the surface finishes obtained with active vibration control versus baseline uncontrolled cuts. Considerable improvement in surface finish (up to 50%) was observed for applications in modern day machining. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001498] C1 [Radecki, Peter P.; Farinholt, Kevin M.; Park, Gyuhae; Bement, Matthew T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov OI Bement, Matthew/0000-0003-3577-3292 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 32 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2010 VL 132 IS 5 DI 10.1115/1.4001498 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 670GP UT WOS:000283409500002 ER PT J AU Bandaranayake, RM Kolli, M King, NM Nalivaika, EA Heroux, A Kakizawa, J Sugiura, W Schiffer, CA AF Bandaranayake, Rajintha M. Kolli, Madhavi King, Nancy M. Nalivaika, Ellen A. Heroux, Annie Kakizawa, Junko Sugiura, Wataru Schiffer, Celia A. TI The Effect of Clade-Specific Sequence Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Protease Activity and Inhibitor Resistance Pathways SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-1 PROTEASE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SUBTYPE-C; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; MECHANISM; MUTATION; NELFINAVIR; DIVERSITY; SUBSTRATE AB The majority of HIV-1 infections around the world result from non-B clade HIV-1 strains. The CRF01_AE (AE) strain is seen principally in Southeast Asia. AE protease differs by similar to 10% in amino acid sequence from clade B protease and carries several naturally occurring polymorphisms that are associated with drug resistance in clade B. AE protease has been observed to develop resistance through a nonactive-site N88S mutation in response to nelfinavir (NFV) therapy, whereas clade B protease develops both the active-site mutation D30N and the nonactive-site mutation N88D. Structural and biochemical studies were carried out with wild-type and NFV-resistant clade B and AE protease variants. The relationship between clade-specific sequence variations and pathways to inhibitor resistance was also assessed. AE protease has a lower catalytic turnover rate than clade B protease, and it also has weaker affinity for both NFV and darunavir (DRV). This weaker affinity may lead to the nonactive-site N88S variant in AE, which exhibits significantly decreased affinity for both NFV and DRV. The D30N/N88D mutations in clade B resulted in a significant loss of affinity for NFV and, to a lesser extent, for DRV. A comparison of crystal structures of AE protease shows significant structural rearrangement in the flap hinge region compared with those of clade B protease and suggests insights into the alternative pathways to NFV resistance. In combination, our studies show that sequence polymorphisms within clades can alter protease activity and inhibitor binding and are capable of altering the pathway to inhibitor resistance. C1 [Bandaranayake, Rajintha M.; Kolli, Madhavi; King, Nancy M.; Nalivaika, Ellen A.; Schiffer, Celia A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Heroux, Annie] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kakizawa, Junko; Sugiura, Wataru] Natl Inst Infect Dis, AIDS Res Ctr, Lab Therapeut Res & Clin Sci, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. [Sugiura, Wataru] Nagoya Med Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Dept Infect & Immunol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. RP Schiffer, CA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biochem, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM Schiffer@umassmed.edu RI Kolli, Madhavi/A-5158-2010 FU National Institutes of Health [P01-GM66524]; Tibotec, Inc.; Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan [H19-AIDS-007] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (P01-GM66524) and Tibotec, Inc., to C.A.S. Additionally, this study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for AIDS research from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan (H19-AIDS-007) to W.S. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 84 IS 19 BP 9995 EP 10003 DI 10.1128/JVI.00505-10 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 660KQ UT WOS:000282641800032 PM 20660190 ER PT J AU Kim, EY Bhattacharya, T Kunstman, K Swantek, P Koning, FA Malim, MH Wolinsky, SM AF Kim, Eun-Young Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Kunstman, Kevin Swantek, Peter Koning, Fransje A. Malim, Michael H. Wolinsky, Steven M. TI Human APOBEC3G-Mediated Editing Can Promote HIV-1 Sequence Diversification and Accelerate Adaptation to Selective Pressure SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CYTIDINE DEAMINATION; ENZYME APOBEC3G; VIF PROTEIN; INFECTION; DNA; HYPERMUTATION; DEGRADATION; PATTERNS AB Human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G, hereinafter referred to as A3G) is an innate virus restriction factor that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and induces excessive deamination of cytidine residues in nascent reverse transcripts. To test the hypothesis that this enzyme can also help generate viral sequence diversification and the evolution of beneficial viral variants, we have examined the impact of A3G on the acquisition of (-)2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) resistance in vitro. That characteristic resistance mutations are rapidly fixed in the presence of A3G and 3TC suggests that A3G-mediated editing can be an important source of genetic variation on which natural selection acts to shape the structure of HIV-1 populations. C1 [Koning, Fransje A.; Malim, Michael H.] Kings Coll London, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, London SE1 9RT, England. [Kim, Eun-Young; Kunstman, Kevin; Swantek, Peter; Wolinsky, Steven M.] Northwestern Univ, Div Infect Dis, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Bhattacharya, Tanmoy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bhattacharya, Tanmoy] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Malim, MH (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Sch Med, Guys Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, 2nd Floor, London SE1 9RT, England. EM michael.malim@kcl.ac.uk; s-wolinsky@northwestern.edu RI Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Malim, Michael/0000-0002-7699-2064 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; United Kingdom Medical Research Council FX We thank Bette Korber for her technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (to S.M.W.) and the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (to M.H.M.). F.A.K. is a Fellow of the European Molecular Biology Organization. 3TC was obtained through the AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. We declare no competing financial interests. NR 31 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 84 IS 19 BP 10402 EP 10405 DI 10.1128/JVI.01223-10 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 660KQ UT WOS:000282641800070 PM 20660203 ER PT J AU Granderson, J Gaddam, V DiBartolomeo, D Li, XL Rubinstein, F Das, S AF Granderson, Jessica Gaddam, Vasanth DiBartolomeo, Dennis Li, Xiaolei Rubinstein, Francis Das, Sushanta TI Field-Measured Performance Evaluation of a Digital Daylighting System SO LEUKOS LA English DT Article DE Dimming; lighting controls; DALI; energy savings; commissioning; performance assessment; user experience AB In 2005, the largest field study to-date concluded that automated dimming controls in side-lighted spaces consistently underperformed relative to expectation, and were still to be considered an 'emerging' technology. Motivated by a desire to accelerate the adoption and acceptance of such controls in, this paper details a field-measured assessment of a digital daylighting system recently introduced to the US market. Two intentionally challenging offices were retrofit with controls, and automated data acquisition hardware, and system performance was evaluated across several parameters throughout a twelve-month period. The field data and user interviews indicate that the system was relatively straightforward to commission compared to other dimming controls, and overall was well received by the occupants. Energy savings in the private and open-plan installations were between 17 percent and 20 percent. In the private office, the pre-existence of occupancy sensing, and automatic-ON in the retrofit system precluded even deeper energy savings, whereas false triggering of the occupancy sensor limited the achieved savings in the open plan space. The controller was largely able to maintain target illuminance on the worksurface, although increased daylight availability led to increased variability and a 100-lx increase between noon and 2PM. Key recommendations to increase the acceptance of similar systems include the provision of shielding options for occupancy sensors, manual-ON options for private offices, remote-access commissioning tools, and improved clarity of written materials describing system function, operation, and installation. C1 [DiBartolomeo, Dennis; Rubinstein, Francis] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Li, Xiaolei] Shandong Univ, Jinan, Peoples R China. RP Granderson, J (reprint author), 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3122,Room 3090, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGranderson@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 USA SN 1550-2724 J9 LEUKOS JI Leukos PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 85 EP 101 DI 10.1582/LEUKOS.2010.07.02002 PG 17 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA V22DN UT WOS:000208256000003 ER PT J AU Souder, HC McCloskey, B Hallock, P Byrne, R AF Souder, Heidi Crevison McCloskey, Bryan Hallock, Pamela Byrne, Robert TI Shell anomalies observed in a population of Archaias angulatus (Foraminifera) from the Florida Keys (USA) sampled in 1982-83 and 2006-07 SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deformity; dissolution; coral reef ID MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES; AMMONIA FORAMINIFERA; POLLUTION; TESTS; ASSEMBLAGES; REEFS; BIOINDICATORS; ENVIRONMENTS; RESPONSES; FICHTEL AB Archived specimens of Archaias angulatus collected live at a depth of <2 m in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park Key Largo Florida in June September and December 1982 and March 1983 were compared to specimens collected live from the same site and months in 2006-07 Shells were examined using light microscopy for anomalous features which were then documented using scanning electron microscopy Seven different types of morphological abnormalities and five different surface texture anomalies were observed Physical abnormalities Included profoundly deformed curled asymmetrical and uncoiled shells irregular suture lines surface protrusions and breakage/repair Textural anomalies observed were surface pits dissolution features microborings microbial biofilms and the presence of epibionts including bryzoans cyanobacteria and foraminifers The same kinds of features were found in this A angulatus population in both 1982-83 collections and 2006-07 collections Within-date variability was higher in specimens collected in 1982-83 while between date variability was higher in 2006-07 overall the range of variability was similar Given that the site was originally chosen for study because these foraminifers were so abundant the lack of significant change indicates that the variability of the geochemical habitat is still within the range that A angulatus can thrive Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Souder, Heidi Crevison] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [McCloskey, Bryan] Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hallock, Pamela; Byrne, Robert] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Souder, HC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Undersea Research Center through the Florida Hurricane Alliance [2003-24A NOAA]; U S Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division [X7-96465607-0]; US National Science Foundation BE/CBC [CHE 0221834]; HCS University of South Florida College of Marine Science [NSF GK-12]; Society for Underwater Technology; Cushman Foundation; Center for Ocean Technology FX Specimens examined for this research were collected under permits FKNMS-2003-002 and FKNMS-2005-002 from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary with funding from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Undersea Research Center UNCW Subcontract 2003-24A NOAA through the Florida Hurricane Alliance (funding for sampling similar to 2006-2007) the U S Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division grant no X7-96465607-0 (2008) and the US National Science Foundation BE/CBC grant CHE 0221834 We acknowledge the following for their financial support of HCS University of South Florida College of Marine Science NSF GK-12 Fellowship Program The Center for Ocean Technology The Society for Underwater Technology and the Cushman Foundation We thank the following people who helped complete this research Michael Souder Sherryl Gilbert Edward Van Vleet Lisa Robbins Norman Blake Michele Winowitch Alexa Ramirez Laura Sherry and Eli Gilbert NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.07.005 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 683AB UT WOS:000284443000006 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA Yahya, NA Larson, DJ Miller, MK Todd, RI AF Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Yahya, Noor A. Larson, David J. Miller, Michael K. Todd, Richard I. TI Probing the improbable: imaging C atoms in alumina SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; AL2O3/SIC NANOCOMPOSITES; ABRASIVE WEAR; TOMOGRAPHY; MICROSTRUCTURE; OXIDE AB The ability to probe the three-dimensional atomic structure of materials is an essential tool for material design and failure analysis. Atom-probe tomography has proven very powerful to analyze the detailed structure and chemistry of metallic alloys and semiconductor structures while ceramic materials have remained outside its standard purview. In the current work, we demonstrate that bulk alumina can be quantitatively analyzed and microstructural features observed. The analysis of grain boundary carbon segregation - barely achievable by electron microscopy - opens the possibility of understanding the mechanistic effects of dopants on mechanical properties, fracture and wear properties of bulk oxides. C1 [Marquis, Emmanuelle A.; Yahya, Noor A.; Todd, Richard I.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Larson, David J.] Cameca Instruments Inc, Madison, WI USA. [Miller, Michael K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM emarq@umich.edu RI Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014; Todd, Richard/M-6239-2015; YAHYA, NOOR AZLIN/B-9263-2010 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835; Todd, Richard/0000-0002-6990-5794; YAHYA, NOOR AZLIN/0000-0002-5722-1280 FU U.K. Royal Society; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX EAM acknowledges the U.K. Royal Society for financial support. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD OCT PY 2010 VL 13 IS 10 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 665QB UT WOS:000283049400017 ER PT J AU Park, JY Maier, S Hendriksen, B Salmeron, M AF Park, Jeong Y. Maier, Sabine Hendriksen, Bas Salmeron, Miquel TI Sensing current and forces with SPM SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULE-METAL JUNCTIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CONDUCTIVE AFM; PROBE AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are well established techniques to image surfaces and to probe material properties at the atomic and molecular scale. In this review, we show hybrid combinations of AFM and STM that bring together the best of two worlds: the simultaneous detection of atomic scale forces and conduction properties. We illustrate with several examples how the detection of forces in STM and the detection of currents in AFM can give valuable additional information of the nanoscale material properties. C1 [Park, Jeong Y.; Maier, Sabine; Hendriksen, Bas; Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008; Hendriksen, Bas/B-8427-2013; Maier, Sabine/B-5917-2008 OI Maier, Sabine/0000-0001-9589-6855 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [31-2008-000-10055-0] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. J.Y.P. acknowledges the partial support by WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (31-2008-000-10055-0). NR 91 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD OCT PY 2010 VL 13 IS 10 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 665QB UT WOS:000283049400018 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M Fourer, R AF Anitescu, Mihai Fourer, Robert TI 20th International Symposium on Mathematical Programming - ISMP 2009 Preface SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Anitescu, Mihai] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fourer, Robert] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Anitescu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov; rfourer@4er.org RI Fourer, Robert/B-7459-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 BP 205 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10107-010-0414-2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 662RQ UT WOS:000282829600001 ER PT J AU Allen, MS Mayes, RL AF Allen, Matthew S. Mayes, Randall L. TI Estimating the degree of nonlinearity in transient responses with zeroed early-time fast Fourier transforms SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Time-frequency analysis; BEND; IBEND; Backwards extrapolation for nonlinearity detection ID IDENTIFYING MODAL PROPERTIES; LEAST-SQUARES VERSION; NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS C1 [Allen, Matthew S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mayes, Randall L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 535 Engn Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM msallen@engr.wisc.edu; rlmayes@sandia.gov RI Allen, Matthew/H-4068-2011 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 2049 EP 2064 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.02.012 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 638ZI UT WOS:000280940200011 ER PT J AU Tucker, MT Horstemeyer, MF Whittington, WR Solanki, RN Gullett, PM AF Tucker, M. T. Horstemeyer, M. F. Whittington, W. R. Solanki, R. N. Gullett, P. M. TI The effect of varying strain rates and stress states on the plasticity, damage, and fracture of aluminum alloys SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Stress state; Strain rate; Damage; Dynamic; Structure-property relationships ID SPLIT HOPKINSON BAR; EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; COMPRESSION; NUCLEATION; TENSION; METALS; WAVES AB In this work, we analyze the plasticity, damage, and fracture characteristics of three different processed aluminum alloys (rolled 5083-H13, cast A356-T6, and extruded 6061-T6) under varying stress states (tension, compression, and torsion) and strain rates (0.001/s, 1/s, and 1000/s). Typically, compression gave the highest stress levels and torsion gave the lowest stress levels. Variations among three tests were within 3% error, so the stress state dependence was a definite flow stress phenomenon. At a 6% equivalent strain, the flow stress difference between compression and tension was 15% for 5083-H131, 16% for A356-T6, and 9% for 6061-T6 at any applied strain rate. Also at 6% equivalent strain for the 5083-H131, A356-T6, and 6061-T6, the flow stress difference between different applied strain rates were 14%, 3%, and 9%, respectively. Hence, the stress state difference had more of a flow stress effect than the applied strain rates for those given in this study (0.001/s up to 1000/s). The stress state and strain rate also had a profound effect on the damage evolution of each aluminum alloy. Tension and torsional straining gave much greater damage nucleation rates than compression. Although the damage of all three alloys was found to he void nucleation dominated, the A356-T6 and 5083-H131 aluminum alloys incurred void damage via micron-scale particles where the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy incurred void damage from two scales, micron-scale particles and nanoscale precipitates. Having two length scales of particles that participated in the damage evolution made the 6061-T6 incur a strain rate sensitive damage rate that was different than the other two aluminum alloys. Under tension, as the strain rate increased, the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy's void nucleation rate decreased, hut the A356-T6 and 5083-H131 aluminum alloys' void nucleation rate increased. The Horstemeyer-Gokhale void nucleation model was shown to capture the stress state and strain rate effects on the void nucleation rates.(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tucker, M. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Properties Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Horstemeyer, M. F.; Whittington, W. R.; Solanki, R. N.; Gullett, P. M.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Tucker, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Properties Team, MST 8 Struct Property Relat,POB 1663,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mtucker@lanl.gov RI Solanki, Kiran/E-8337-2010; OI Solanki, Kiran/0000-0002-4385-620X; Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 EI 1872-7743 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2010.07.003 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 668LM UT WOS:000283270900001 ER PT J AU Yu, CH Groves, JT AF Yu, Cheng-han Groves, Jay T. TI Engineering supported membranes for cell biology SO MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING LA English DT Review DE Supported membranes; Lipid bilayer; Immunological synapse; Membrane patterning techniques; Spatial mutation; Membrane curvature modulation ID LIPID-BILAYERS; IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE; T-CELLS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; RECEPTOR; FLUID; ACTIVATION; SURFACES; ADHESION AB Cell membranes exhibit multiple layers of complexity, ranging from their specific molecular content to their emergent mechanical properties and dynamic spatial organization. Both compositional and geometrical organizations of membrane components are known to play important roles in life processes, including signal transduction. Supported membranes, comprised of a bilayer assembly of phospholipids on the solid substrate, have been productively served as model systems to study wide range problems in cell biology. Because lateral mobility of membrane components is readily preserved, supported lipid membranes with signaling molecules can be utilized to effectively trigger various intercellular reactions. The spatial organization and mechanical deformation of supported membranes can also be manipulated by patterning underlying substrates with modern micro- and nano-fabrication techniques. This article focuses on various applications and methods to spatially patterned biomembranes by means of curvature modulations and spatial reorganizations, and utilizing them to interface with live cells. The integration of biological components into synthetic devices provides a unique approach to investigate molecular mechanisms in cell biology. C1 [Yu, Cheng-han; Groves, Jay T.] Natl Univ Singapore, Res Ctr Excellence Mechanobiol, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Yu, Cheng-han; Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, Cheng-han; Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Groves, JT (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Res Ctr Excellence Mechanobiol, Singapore 117543, Singapore. EM JTGroves@lbl.gov RI Yu, Cheng-han/K-8732-2013 FU Research Centre of Excellence in Mechanobiology (Singapore); National Science Council (Taiwan) [NSC98-2917-I-564-165] FX C.H.Y. is a research fellow supported by Research Centre of Excellence in Mechanobiology (Singapore) and National Science Council (Taiwan, NSC98-2917-I-564-165). The authors also thank Khalid Salaita, Pradeep Nair, Boryana Manz, Wanchen Lin, Lars Iverson, and Danny van Noort for their help in manuscript preparations. NR 58 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0140-0118 EI 1741-0444 J9 MED BIOL ENG COMPUT JI Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 SI SI BP 955 EP 963 DI 10.1007/s11517-010-0634-x PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 654RB UT WOS:000282184600003 PM 20559751 ER PT J AU Mayr, P Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Specht, ED Allen, SM AF Mayr, P. Palmer, T. A. Elmer, J. W. Specht, E. D. Allen, S. M. TI Formation of Delta Ferrite in 9 Wt Pct Cr Steel Investigated by In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction Using Synchrotron Radiation SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATIONS; PHASE AB In-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements using high energy synchrotron radiation were performed to monitor in real time the formation of delta ferrite in a martensitic 9 wt pct chromium steel under simulated weld thermal cycles. Volume fractions of martensite, austenite, and delta ferrite were measured as a function of temperature at a 10 K/s heating rate to 1573 K (1300 A degrees C) and subsequent cooling. At the peak temperature, the delta ferrite concentration rose to 19 pct, of which 17 pct transformed back to austenite on subsequent cooling. C1 [Mayr, P.] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci & Welding, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Palmer, T. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Elmer, J. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Specht, E. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Allen, S. M.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mayr, P (reprint author), Graz Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci & Welding, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM peter.mayr@tugraz.at RI Mayr, Peter/C-4560-2008; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Mayr, Peter/0000-0003-2530-4644; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 FU Max Kade Foundation (New York); Austrian Academy of Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, United States Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The support of PM through the Max Kade Foundation (New York) and the Austrian Academy of Sciences is gratefully acknowledged. This research was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, United States Department of Energy (EDS). Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 41A IS 10 BP 2462 EP 2465 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0371-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643UD UT WOS:000281323900004 ER PT J AU Jana, S Mishra, RS Baumann, JA Grant, GJ AF Jana, Saumyadeep Mishra, Rajiv S. Baumann, John A. Grant, Glenn J. TI Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of an Investment Cast Al-7Si-0.6Mg Alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; HEAT-TREATMENT; MG ALLOY; A356; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; REFINEMENT AB Friction stir processing (FSP) is emerging as a promising tool for microstructural modification. The current study assesses the effects of FSP on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an investment cast Al-7Si-Mg alloy. FSP eliminates porosity and significantly refines eutectic Si particles. The extent of particle refinement varied with changes in processing conditions. A high tool rotation rate and a low-to-intermediate tool traverse speed generated a higher volume fraction of finer particles. Tensile ductility changed significantly as a result of FSP, whereas ultimate tensile strength improved only marginally. Yield strength was similar in both cast and FSP samples under various heat-treated conditions, with the highest value obtained after a T6 heat treatment. Furthermore, FSP caused significant grain refinement in the stir zone, subsequently transforming into very coarse grains as abnormal grain growth occurred during solution treatment at high temperature. C1 [Jana, Saumyadeep; Grant, Glenn J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jana, Saumyadeep; Mishra, Rajiv S.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Baumann, John A.] Boeing Res & Technol, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Jana, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rsmishra@mst.edu RI Mishra, Rajiv/A-7985-2009 OI Mishra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1699-0614 FU NSF-IIP [0531019]; General Motors, and Friction Stir Link for the Missouri ST site FX This work was performed under the NSF-IUCRC for Friction Stir Processing. Additional support is acknowledged from NSF-IIP (0531019), General Motors, and Friction Stir Link for the Missouri S&T site. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 41A IS 10 BP 2507 EP 2521 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0324-1 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643UD UT WOS:000281323900010 ER PT J AU Yin, L Sridhar, S AF Yin, Lan Sridhar, Seetharaman TI Effects of Small Additions of Tin on High-Temperature Oxidation of Fe-Cu-Sn Alloys for Surface Hot Shortness SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROLLED MILD-STEEL; COPPER-RICH PHASE; LOW-CARBON STEEL; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; LIQUID-PHASE; GAMMA-FE; PENETRATION; DIFFUSION; NICKEL; IRON AB Steel produced in an electric arc furnace contains a high amount of copper (Cu) that causes a surface-cracking phenomenon called surface hot shortness. It is known that tin (Sn) can exacerbate the hot shortness problem. A series of iron (Fe)-0.3 wt pct Cu-x wt pct Sn alloys with an Sn content ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 wt pct was oxidized in air at 1423 K (1150 degrees C) for 60 seconds, 300 seconds, and 600 seconds using thermogravimetry. A numerical model developed in a previous article was applied to predict the liquid-gamma Fe interface concentrations and interface morphology in the Fe-Cu-Sn ternary system. Scanning electron microscopy investigations show that (1) The interface between the oxide and the metal is planar as predicted by the numerical model, (2) Sn leads to severe Cu-rich liquid penetration and cracking along the grain boundaries, and (3) open cracks with Fe oxides were found beneath the oxide-metal interface. The focused ion beam serial-sectioning technique was used to reveal a three-dimensional structure of cracks in the grain boundary containing Cu-rich liquid and Fe oxides. C1 [Yin, Lan; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sridhars@andrew.cmu.edu RI Yin, Lan/G-7513-2014 FU Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) at Carnegie Mellon University FX Financial support from the Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) at Carnegie Mellon University is gratefully acknowledged. Discussions with Dr. Ron O'Malley at Nucor Steel and Professor Paul Wynblatt at Carnegie Mellon University are greatly appreciated. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5615 EI 1543-1916 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1107 DI 10.1007/s11663-010-9418-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 681RE UT WOS:000284333700020 ER PT J AU Cloutis, EA Hudon, P Romanek, CS Bishop, JL Reddy, V Gaffey, MJ Hardersen, PS AF Cloutis, E. A. Hudon, Pierre Romanek, Christopher S. Bishop, Janice L. Reddy, Vishnu Gaffey, Michael J. Hardersen, Paul S. TI Spectral reflectance properties of ureilites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NORTHWEST AFRICA 1500; ANTARCTIC UREILITES; COOLING HISTORY; ORTHO-PYROXENE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ASTEROID 25143-ITOKAWA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; METEORITE SPECTRA AB The 0.35-2.6 mu m reflectance spectra of 18 ureilites have been examined in order to improve our understanding of the spectral reflectance properties of this meteorite class. Across this spectral range, ureilite spectra are characterized by a steep rise in reflectance over the 0.3 to approximately 0.7 mu m range, low overall reflectance (< 25%) and weak mafic iron silicate absorption bands in the 1 and 2 mu m region. The weakness of these bands and the low reflectance are attributed to the presence of dispersed graphite and related carbonaceous phases, metal, and possibly shock. Wavelength positions of the mafic silicate absorption bands span a range of values, but are consistent with the presence of pyroxene and olivine. Ureilite spectra generally exhibit blue slopes across the 0.7-2.6 mu m interval and exhibit many overall similarities to some carbonaceous chondrites. The weak features and spectral diversity of ureilites make reflectance spectroscopy-based identification of a ureilite parent body challenging. As terrestrial alteration of ureilites is prevalent, spectral studies of falls are most useful for determining the spectral properties of likely parent bodies. C1 [Cloutis, E. A.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Hudon, Pierre] NASA, Astromat Res & Explorat Sci Off, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hudon, Pierre] McGill Univ, Dept Min & Mat Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. [Romanek, Christopher S.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Romanek, Christopher S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Bishop, Janice L.] NASA, Carl Sagan Ctr, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Reddy, Vishnu; Gaffey, Michael J.; Hardersen, Paul S.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Cloutis, EA (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. EM e.cloutis@uwinnipeg.ca RI Hardersen, Paul/N-9343-2014; OI Hardersen, Paul/0000-0002-0440-9095; Reddy, Vishnu/0000-0002-7743-3491 FU National Research Council of the United States; NSERC; Canadian Space Agency; University of Winnipeg FX We are grateful to John E. Gruener for collecting the X-ray patterns and to David W. Mittlefehldt and Craig S. Schwandt for help with the electron probe microanalysis. We thank the Meteorite Research Group of the NASA Johnson Space Center, the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution, and the Antarctic Meteorite Research Center of the National Institute of Polar Research for the allocations of meteorites. Thanks also to Tom Burbine, Lucy McFadden, and Dale Cruikshank for their reviews of this study and excellent comments. P. Hudon was supported by a Research Associateship Award of the National Research Council of the United States. E. Cloutis was supported by research grants and contracts from NSERC, the Canadian Space Agency, and the University of Winnipeg. NR 139 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 10-11 BP 1668 EP 1694 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01065.x PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700QP UT WOS:000285759700007 ER PT J AU Qin, LP Rumble, D Alexander, CMO Carlson, RW Jenniskens, P Shaddad, MH AF Qin, Liping Rumble, Douglas Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Carlson, Richard W. Jenniskens, Peter Shaddad, Muawia H. TI The chromium isotopic composition of Almahata Sitta SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UREILITE PARENT BODY; U-TH-PB; SOLAR-SYSTEM; SM-ND; TERRESTRIAL CONTAMINATION; MN-53-CR-53 SYSTEMATICS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; GOALPARA UREILITE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; CHRONOMETRY AB Nine ureilitic fragments of the anomalous polymict ureilite Almahata Sitta have been analyzed for their Cr isotopic compositions. All the samples, including both nonmagnetic and magnetic portions, show essentially the same epsilon 54Cr deficit (-0.77 +/- 0.10), relative to the terrestrial Cr standard. This contrasts with the variable positive 54Cr anomalies observed for carbonaceous chondrites, but agrees with the values measured for eucrites, diogenites, and mesosiderites (Trinquier et al. 2007). This implies that, contrary to previous suggestions based on O isotopes, ureilites were not derived from any known carbonaceous chondrite parent body. Instead, the Almahata Sitta parent body may have accreted in a nebular region/environment similar to that of the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) parent body. In addition, the lack of variation in epsilon 54Cr combined with variable O isotopic compositions in the meteorite fragments suggests that whatever process(es) caused the O isotopic heterogeneity of the solar system was probably not responsible for heterogeneity in epsilon 54Cr. The samples show resolvable variations in epsilon 53Cr (0.15-0.41) that are correlated with Mn/Cr ratios, suggesting that live 53Mn was present at the time of formation of Almahata Sitta. The isochron yields an initial 53Mn/55Mn value of 3.1 (+/- 1.1) x 10-6, corresponding to an age of 4563.6 +/- (2.2) Ma when related to U-Pb and Mn-Cr data for the D'Orbigny angrite. This age is consistent with the Mn-Cr and Al-Mg ages of two other polymict ureilites (Goodrich et al. 2010). Magmatic activity on the ureilites' parent body seems to have postdated the formation of refractory inclusions by approximately 4-5 Ma. C1 [Qin, Liping; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.; Carlson, Richard W.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Rumble, Douglas] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Jenniskens, Peter] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Shaddad, Muawia H.] Univ Khartoum, Dept Phys & Astron, Khartoum 11115, Sudan. RP Qin, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A4418, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lqin@lbl.gov RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427 FU Carnegie Institution of Washington; NASA [NNX08AH65G, NNX07AI48G] FX We thank our Sudanese colleagues at the University of Khartoum for making samples available for this study. We also thank the associate editor Cyrena Goodrich and the four reviewers Gary Huss, Alex Shukolyukov, Anne Trinquier, and Daniel Glavin for their thorough reviews. Qin acknowledges support in the form of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Carnegie Institution of Washington. This work was supported by NASA Cosmochemistry Grant NNX08AH65G and by NNX07AI48G (Rumble). NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 10-11 BP 1771 EP 1777 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01109.x PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700QP UT WOS:000285759700015 ER PT J AU Rastogi, G Osman, S Kukkadapu, R Engelhard, M Vaishampayan, PA Andersen, GL Sani, RK AF Rastogi, Gurdeep Osman, Shariff Kukkadapu, Ravi Engelhard, Mark Vaishampayan, Parag A. Andersen, Gary L. Sani, Rajesh K. TI Microbial and Mineralogical Characterizations of Soils Collected from the Deep Biosphere of the Former Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSURFACE; DIVERSITY; DNA; MICROARRAY; COMMUNITY; SHEWANELLA; EXTRACTION; REDUCTION AB A microbial census on deep biosphere (1.34 km depth) microbial communities was performed in two soil samples collected from the Ross and number 6 Winze sites of the former Homestake gold mine, Lead, South Dakota using high-density 16S microarrays (PhyloChip). Soil mineralogical characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and Mossbauer spectroscopic techniques which demonstrated silicates and iron minerals (phyllosilicates and clays) in both samples. Microarray data revealed extensive bacterial diversity in soils and detected the largest number of taxa in Proteobacteria phylum followed by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The archael communities in the deep gold mine environments were less diverse and belonged to phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Both the samples showed remarkable similarities in microbial communities (1,360 common OTUs) despite distinct geochemical characteristics. Fifty-seven phylotypes could not be classified even at phylum level representing a hitherto unidentified diversity in deep biosphere. PhyloChip data also suggested considerable metabolic diversity by capturing several physiological groups such as sulfur-oxidizer, ammonia-oxidizers, iron-oxidizers, methane-oxidizers, and sulfate-reducers in both samples. High-density microarrays revealed the greatest prokaryotic diversity ever reported from deep subsurface habitat of gold mines. C1 [Rastogi, Gurdeep; Sani, Rajesh K.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Osman, Shariff; Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kukkadapu, Ravi; Engelhard, Mark] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Vaishampayan, Parag A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sani, RK (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Rajesh.Sani@sdsmt.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU South Dakota Board of Regents [SDBOR/SDSMT 2010-09-05]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This research was funded by the South Dakota Board of Regents Competitive Research Grant (Award No. SDBOR/SDSMT 2010-09-05). Powder XRD, XPS, and Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements were conducted using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We would like to acknowledge Colleen Russell (PNNL) for her help in XRD measurements and Mossbauer sample preparations. Authors appreciate the assistance provided by Dr. L. D. Stetler of Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, SDSM&T in sample collection. We also would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose critiques were instrumental in improving the quality of manuscript. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 60 IS 3 BP 539 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s00248-010-9657-y PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 664OK UT WOS:000282971400007 PM 20386898 ER PT J AU Andreeva, IS Morozov, IV Pechurkina, NI Morozova, OV Ryabchikova, EI Saranina, IV Emel'yanova, EK Puchkova, LI Torok, TT Vlasov, VV Repin, VE AF Andreeva, I. S. Morozov, I. V. Pechurkina, N. I. Morozova, O. V. Ryabchikova, E. I. Saranina, I. V. Emel'yanova, E. K. Puchkova, L. I. Torok, T. T. Vlasov, V. V. Repin, V. E. TI Isolation of bacteria of the genus Paenibacillus from soil and springs of the Valley of Geysers (Kamchatka) SO MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE the Valley of Geysers; gram-negative bacilli; phenotypic characteristic ID SP-NOV.; SPHAEROTILUS-NATANS; BACILLUS; ACID; SP. AB Strains of rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria exhibiting negative Gram reaction were revealed after inoculation of soil, water, and silt samples from springs of the Valley of Geysers (Kamchatka) onto complete media at pH 5.0, 7,0, and 9.0 and cultivation at 28-30A degrees C. The bacterial isolates differed in their phenotypic characteristics and in the G + C content of genomic DNA, which ranged from 41.1 to 53 mol %. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences of all isolated strains (GenBank EU497635-EU497641) revealed their close homologues among the known species of the genus Paenibacillus. At the same time, all the studied bacilli (Dg-824, Dg-904, Dg-1009, Gi-662, Gi-724, K-58, etc.) differed significantly from the nearest phylogenetic neighbors in their phenotypic characteristics, including the Gram reaction, the DNA G + C content, and a number of other determinative characteristics; therefore, they could not be assigned to previously known species. C1 [Andreeva, I. S.; Pechurkina, N. I.; Emel'yanova, E. K.; Puchkova, L. I.] Vector State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsov, Novosibirsk Obl, Russia. [Morozov, I. V.; Morozova, O. V.; Ryabchikova, E. I.; Saranina, I. V.; Vlasov, V. V.; Repin, V. E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Biol & Fundamental Med, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Torok, T. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Andreeva, IS (reprint author), Vector State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsov, Novosibirsk Obl, Russia. EM andreeva@vector.nsc.ru RI Ryabchikova, Elena /G-3089-2013 OI Ryabchikova, Elena /0000-0003-4714-1524 FU IPP-DOE CRDF [10618]; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences [24] FX This work was supported partly by IPP-DOE CRDF (grant no. 10618) and by the Interdisciplinary Integration Program, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (2006-2008) "The Role of Microorganisms in the Functioning of Live Systems: Fundamental Problems and Bioengineering Applications" (grant no. 24). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0026-2617 J9 MICROBIOLOGY+ JI Microbiology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 79 IS 5 BP 696 EP 704 DI 10.1134/S0026261710050152 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 661CK UT WOS:000282700400015 ER PT J AU Notte, J Hill, R McVey, SM Ramachandra, R Griffin, B Joy, D AF Notte, John Hill, Raymond McVey, Sean M. Ramachandra, Ranjan Griffin, Brendan Joy, David TI Diffraction Imaging in a He+ Ion Beam Scanning Transmission Microscope SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE helium ion beams; scanning transmission microscopy; Monte Carlo modeling; ion diffraction AB The scanning helium ion microscope has been used in transmission mode to investigate both the feasibility of this approach and the utility of the signal content and the image information available. Operating at 40 keV the penetration of the ion beam, and the imaging resolution achieved, in MgO crystals was found to be in good agreement with values predicted by Monte Carlo modeling. The bright-field and annular dark-field signals displayed the anticipated contrasts associated with beam absorption and scattering. In addition, the diffraction of the He ion beam within the sample gave rise to crystallographic contrast effects in the form of thickness fringes and dislocation images. Scanning transmission He ion microscopy thus achieves useful sample penetration and provides nanometer scale resolution, high contrast images of crystalline materials and crystal defects even at modest beam energies. C1 [Ramachandra, Ranjan; Griffin, Brendan; Joy, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr NanoPhase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Notte, John; Hill, Raymond; McVey, Sean M.] Carl Zeiss SMT Inc, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. [Griffin, Brendan] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Microscopy Characterizat & Anal M010, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Joy, David] Univ Tennessee, Electron Microscopy Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Joy, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr NanoPhase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM djoy@utk.edu RI Griffin, Brendan/D-5686-2011 FU Global Research Consortium of the Semiconductor Research Consortium FX Ranjan Ramachandra and David Joy thank The Global Research Consortium of the Semiconductor Research Consortium and program manager, Dr. D. Herr, for partial support of this work. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1017/S1431927610093682 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 663TA UT WOS:000282911600011 PM 20804638 ER PT J AU Ring, EA de Jonge, N AF Ring, Elisabeth A. de Jonge, Niels TI Microfluidic System for Transmission Electron Microscopy SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE liquid flow; electron microscopy; nanoparticles; scanning transmission electron microscopy; water; microscopy of cells ID CELLS; TISSUES; GROWTH AB We present a microfluidic system that maintains liquid flow in a specimen chamber for scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) imaging. The specimen chamber consists of two ultrathin silicon nitride windows supported by silicon microchips. They are placed in a specimen holder that seals the sample from the vacuum in the electron microscope and incorporates tubing to and from the sample connected to a syringe pump outside the microscope. Using results obtained from fluorescence microscopy of microspheres flowing through the system, an equation to characterize the liquid flow through the system was calibrated. Gold nanoparticles of diameters of 30 and 100 nm moving in liquid were imaged with a 200 kV STEM. It was concluded that despite strong influences from Brownian motion, and sensitivity to small changes in the depth of the bypass channel, the electron microscopy flow data matched the calculated flow speed within an order of magnitude. The system allows for rapid (within a minute) liquid exchange, which can potentially be used, for example, to investigate the response of specimens, e.g., eukaryotic or bacterial cells, to certain stimuli. C1 [Ring, Elisabeth A.; de Jonge, Niels] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [de Jonge, Niels] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP de Jonge, N (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, 2215 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM niels.de.jonge@vanderbilt.edu RI de Jonge, Niels/B-5677-2008 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; NIH [R01-RR018470] FX We are grateful to D.B. Peckys for help with the experiments, and to W.C. Bigelow and R. Dona for help with mechanical design. The silicon microchips were designed in collaboration with Protochips Inc. The specimen holder was designed in collaboration with Hummingbird Scientific. The MTrackJ plugin was written by Erik Meijering and is available at www.imagescience.org/meijering/software/mtrackj/. A portion of this research was conducted at the SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed R&D Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, by Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and by NIH grant R01-RR018470 (to P. Mazur for N.J.). NR 19 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 51 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 622 EP 629 DI 10.1017/S1431927610093669 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 663TA UT WOS:000282911600014 PM 20804635 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Kramer, MJ AF Becker, C. A. Kramer, M. J. TI Atomistic comparison of volume-dependent melt properties from four models of aluminum SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMPLE LIQUID-METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-METALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; AL; ALLOYS; DENSITY; DIFFRACTION AB With the increasing use of simulations in materials research and design, it is important to quantify the differences between, and accuracy of, models used in these simulations. Here we present the results of such a comparison for four embedded-atom models of aluminum that were optimized to have good liquid properties, particularly the melting temperatures. The effects of temperature and volume are systematically examined in the melts for bulk thermodynamic quantities, pair correlation functions and structure factors and diffusion coefficients for each interatomic potential. Where possible, these are then compared with experimental values. We find quantitative differences in the properties determined from the various interatomic potentials despite the fact that they were fit with similar sets of data. C1 [Becker, C. A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No DE-AC02-07CH11358. The high-energy x-ray work at the MUCAT sector of the APS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No DE-AC02-06CH11357. CB would like to thank John Cahn, Mikhail Mendelev, Ursula Kattner and Dan Samarov for helpful discussions. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 AR 074001 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/7/074001 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 653XH UT WOS:000282130700002 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Rahman, MJ Hoyt, JJ Asta, M AF Mendelev, M. I. Rahman, M. J. Hoyt, J. J. Asta, M. TI Molecular-dynamics study of solid-liquid interface migration in fcc metals SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC SOLIDIFICATION; UNDERCOOLED MELTS; NEUTRON-SPECTRA; HALF-WIDTH; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; RATES; AL; CU AB In order to establish a link between various structural and kinetic properties of metals and the crystal-melt interfacial mobility, free-solidification molecular-dynamics simulations have been performed for a total of nine embedded atom method interatomic potentials describing pure Al, Cu and Ni. To fully explore the space of materials properties three new potentials have been developed. The new potentials are based on a previous description of Al, but in each case the liquid structure, the melting point and/or the latent heat are varied considerably. The kinetic coefficient, mu, for all systems has been compared with several theoretical predictions. It is found that at temperatures close to the melting point the magnitude of mu correlates well with the value of the diffusion coefficient in the liquid. C1 [Mendelev, M. I.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rahman, M. J.; Hoyt, J. J.] McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Asta, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Asta, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mendelev@ameslab.gov FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER46282, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Department of Energy FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No DE-AC02-07CH11358. Work at the University of California was supported by the Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contracts Nos DE-FG02-06ER46282 and DE-AC02-05CH11231. Research at McMaster was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant and computational resources were provided by the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network (SHARCNET). The authors also acknowledge the Department of Energy sponsored Computational Materials Science Network program for facilitating this collaboration. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 50 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 AR 074002 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/7/074002 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 653XH UT WOS:000282130700003 ER PT J AU Rollett, AD Lebensohn, RA Groeber, M Choi, Y Li, J Rohrer, GS AF Rollett, A. D. Lebensohn, R. A. Groeber, M. Choi, Y. Li, J. Rohrer, G. S. TI Stress hot spots in viscoplastic deformation of polycrystals SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURES; CONTRAST; ELEMENT; SIZE AB The viscoplastic deformation of polycrystals under uniaxial loading is investigated to determine the relationship between hot spots in stress and their location in relation to the microstructure. A 3D full-field formulation based on fast Fourier transforms for the prediction of the viscoplastic deformation of poly-crystals is used with rate-sensitive crystal plasticity. Two measured polycrystalline structures are used to instantiate the simulations, as well as a fully periodic synthetic polycrystal adapted from a simulation of grain growth. Application of (Euclidean) distance maps shows that hot spots in stress tend to occur close to grain boundaries. It is also found that low stress regions lie close to boundaries. The radial distribution function of the hot spots indicates clustering. Despite the lack of texture in the polycrystals, the hot spots are strongly concentrated in < 1 1 0 > orientations, which can account for the observed clustering. All three microstructures yield similar results despite significant differences in topology. C1 [Rollett, A. D.; Li, J.; Rohrer, G. S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lebensohn, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87845 USA. [Groeber, M.] AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Choi, Y.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rollett, AD (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM Rollett@andrew.cmu.edu RI Rohrer, Gregory/A-9420-2008; Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rohrer, Gregory/0000-0002-9671-3034; Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 FU High Performance Computing Modernization Office; MRSEC at CMU under NSF [DMR-0520425]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX Partial support from the User Productivity Enhancement and Technology Transfer Program (PET) of the High Performance Computing Modernization Office for SL and ADR is gratefully acknowledged. Partial support of the MRSEC at CMU under NSF grant number DMR-0520425 is acknowledged. Discussions on the interaction between interfaces and plastic deformation under the Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) are gratefully acknowledged. MG and YC acknowledge support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 AR 074005 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/7/074005 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 653XH UT WOS:000282130700006 ER PT J AU True, LD Zhang, H Ye, ML Huang, CY Nelson, PS von Haller, PD Tjoelker, LW Kim, JS Qian, WJ Smith, RD Ellis, WJ Liebeskind, ES Liu, AY AF True, Lawrence D. Zhang, Hui Ye, Mingliang Huang, Chung-Ying Nelson, Peter S. von Haller, Priska D. Tjoelker, Larry W. Kim, Jong-Seo Qian, Wei-Jun Smith, Richard D. Ellis, William J. Liebeskind, Emily S. Liu, Alvin Y. TI CD90/THY1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts and could serve as a cancer biomarker SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cancer; CD90 variant; glycoproteins; prostate; proteomics; stroma; urine analysis ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CELL-SURFACE MOLECULES; AFFINITY TAG ICAT; THY-1 EXPRESSION; CD40 EXPRESSION; SOFTWARE TOOLS; STROMAL CELLS; PROTEINS; GENE; TRANSCRIPTOMES AB A by-product in the processing of prostate tissue for cell sorting by collagenase digestion is the media supernatant that remains after the cells are harvested. These supernatants contain proteins made by the cells within the tissue. Quantitative proteomic analysis of N-glycosylated proteins detected an increased amount of CD90/THY1 in cancer supernatants compared with non-cancer supernatants. Immunohistochemistry showed that in all carcinomas, regardless of Gleason grade, a layer of CD90-positive stromal fibroblastic cells, similar to 5 to 10 cells deep, was localized to tumor glands. In contrast, a no more than 1-cell wide girth of CD90-positive stromal cells was found around benign glands. The increased number of CD90-positive stromal cells in cancer correlated with overexpression of CD90 mRNA detected by gene expression analysis of stromal cells obtained by laser-capture microdissection. There is increasing evidence that cancer-associated stroma has a function in both tumor progression and carcinogenesis. Most experiments to identify cancer biomarkers have focused on the cancer cells. CD90, being a marker for prostate cancer-associated stroma, might be a potential biomarker for this cancer. A non-invasive test could be provided by a urine test. Proteomic analysis of urine from patients with prostate cancer identified CD90; conversely, CD90 was not detected in the urine of post-prostatectomy patients. Furthermore, this urinary CD90 protein was a variant CD90 protein not known to be expressed by such cells as lymphocytes that express CD90. These CD90 results were obtained from similar to 90 cases consisting of proteomic analysis of tissue and urine, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis of tissue media, flow cytometry of cells from digested tissue, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of isolated stromal cells. Modern Pathology (2010) 23, 1346-1356; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.122; published online 18 June 2010 C1 [True, Lawrence D.] Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhang, Hui; Ye, Mingliang] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA USA. [Huang, Chung-Ying] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nelson, Peter S.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Sect Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [von Haller, Priska D.; Tjoelker, Larry W.] MacroGenics, Seattle, WA USA. [Kim, Jong-Seo; Qian, Wei-Jun; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kim, Jong-Seo; Qian, Wei-Jun; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ellis, William J.; Liebeskind, Emily S.; Liu, Alvin Y.] Univ Washington, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Liebeskind, Emily S.; Liu, Alvin Y.] Univ Washington, Inst Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP True, LD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Box 356100,1959 NE Pacific St,NE 110, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ltrue@uw.edu RI Kim, Jong-Seo/B-6478-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NIH [CA111244, CA85859, P50 CA097186]; Prostate Cancer Foundation; NIH NCRR center [RR018522]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX We thank Dr Laura Pascal for comments. This work was supported by grants CA111244 (EDRN), CA85859, and P50 CA097186 (Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPORE) from NIH, the Prostate Cancer Foundation, and NIH NCRR center grant RR018522. Part of the experimental work was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research national scientific user facility on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) campus. PNNL is a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1346 EP 1356 DI 10.1038/modpathol.2010.122 PG 11 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 657LA UT WOS:000282413000006 PM 20562849 ER PT J AU Xiao, WW Wang, Y Lau, EY Luo, JT Yao, NH Shi, CY Meza, L Tseng, H Maeda, Y Kumaresan, P Liu, RW Lightstone, FC Takada, Y Lam, KS AF Xiao, Wenwu Wang, Yan Lau, Edmond Y. Luo, Juntao Yao, Nianhuan Shi, Changying Meza, Leah Tseng, Harry Maeda, Yoshiko Kumaresan, Pappanaicken Liu, Ruiwu Lightstone, Felice C. Takada, Yoshikazu Lam, Kit S. TI The Use of One-Bead One-Compound Combinatorial Library Technology to Discover High-Affinity alpha v beta 3 Integrin and Cancer Targeting Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid Ligands with a Built-in Handle SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLIC RGD PEPTIDES; ARG-GLY-ASP; ALPHA(V)BETA(3) INTEGRIN; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FORCE-FIELD; TUMOR; EXPRESSION; SPECIFICITY; RECOGNITION; ANTAGONISTS AB The alpha v beta 3 integrin, expressed on the surface of various normal and cancer cells, is involved in numerous physiologic processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and bone resorption. Because this integrin plays a key role in angiogenesis and metastasis of human tumors, alpha v beta 3 integrin ligands are of great interest to advances in targeted therapy and cancer imaging. In this report, one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries containing the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif were designed and screened against K562 myeloid leukemia cells that had been transfected with the human alpha v beta 3 integrin gene. Cyclic peptide LXW7 was identified as a leading ligand with a built-in handle that binds specifically to alpha v beta 3 and showed comparable binding affinity (IC(50) = 0.68 +/- 0.08 mu mol/L) to some of the well-known RGD "head-to-tail" cyclic pentapeptide ligands reported in the literature. The biotinylated form of LXW7 ligand showed similar binding strength as LXW7 against alpha v beta 3 integrin, whereas biotinylated RGD cyclopentapeptide ligands revealed a 2- to 8-fold weaker binding affinity than their free forms. LXW7 was able to bind to both U-87MG glioblastoma and A375M melanoma cell lines, both of which express high levels of alpha v beta 3 integrin. In vivo and ex vivo optical imaging studies with the biotinylated ligand/streptavidin-Cy5.5 complex in nude mice bearing U-87MG or A375M xenografts revealed preferential uptake of biotinylated LXW7 in tumor. When compared with biotinylated RGD cyclopentapeptide ligands, biotinylated LXW7 showed higher tumor uptake but lower liver uptake. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(10); 2714-23. (C) 2010 AACR. C1 [Lam, Kit S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Takada, Yoshikazu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Dermatol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Lau, Edmond Y.; Lightstone, Felice C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lam, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, 2700 Stockton St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM kit.lam@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu OI takada, yoshikazu/0000-0001-5481-9589 FU NIH [R33CA-86364, R33CA-99136, U19CA113298, R01CA115483, 1R21CA135345]; DOD [CML064046]; Children Miracle Net Work at UC Davis [CMNKP-06, R01CA131015]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX NIH R33CA-86364, R33CA-99136, U19CA113298, R01CA115483 (K. S. Lam), NIH 1R21CA135345 (R. Liu), DOD CML064046 and Children Miracle Net Work at UC Davis (CMNKP-06) (P. Kumaresan), R01CA131015 (Y. Takada). Part of this work was done under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (E. Lau and F. Lightstone). NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2714 EP 2723 DI 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0308 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 661JS UT WOS:000282724600007 PM 20858725 ER PT J AU Yamada, J Phillips, JL Patel, S Goldfien, G Calestagne-Morelli, A Huang, H Reza, R Acheson, J Krishnan, VV Newsam, S Gopinathan, A Lau, EY Colvin, ME Uversky, VN Rexach, MF AF Yamada, Justin Phillips, Joshua L. Patel, Samir Goldfien, Gabriel Calestagne-Morelli, Alison Huang, Hans Reza, Ryan Acheson, Justin Krishnan, Viswanathan V. Newsam, Shawn Gopinathan, Ajay Lau, Edmond Y. Colvin, Michael E. Uversky, Vladimir N. Rexach, Michael F. TI A Bimodal Distribution of Two Distinct Categories of Intrinsically Disordered Structures with Separate Functions in FG Nucleoporins SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-PORE COMPLEX; NATIVELY UNFOLDED PROTEINS; NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT; CRYOELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; UNSTRUCTURED PROTEINS; PERMEABILITY BARRIER; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; ARCHITECTURE; IMPORT; VISUALIZATION AB Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) gate the only conduits for nucleocytoplasmic transport in eukaryotes. Their gate is formed by nucleoporins containing large intrinsically disordered domains with multiple phenylalanine-glycine repeats (FG domains). In combination, these are hypothesized to form a structurally and chemically homogeneous network of random coils at the NPC center, which sorts macromolecules by size and hydrophobicity. Instead, we found that FG domains are structurally and chemically heterogeneous. They adopt distinct categories of intrinsically disordered structures in non-random distributions. Some adopt globular, collapsed coil configurations and are characterized by a low charge content. Others are highly charged and adopt more dynamic, extended coil conformations. Interestingly, several FG nucleoporins feature both types of structures in a bimodal distribution along their polypeptide chain. This distribution functionally correlates with the attractive or repulsive character of their interactions with collapsed coil FG domains displaying cohesion toward one another and extended coil FG domains displaying repulsion. Topologically, these bipartite FG domains may resemble sticky molten globules connected to the tip of relaxed or extended coils. Within the NPC, the crowding of FG nucleoporins and the segregation of their disordered structures based on their topology, dimensions, and cohesive character could force the FG domains to form a tubular gate structure or transporter at the NPC center featuring two separate zones of traffic with distinct physicochemical properties. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9:2205-2224, 2010. C1 [Yamada, Justin; Patel, Samir; Goldfien, Gabriel; Calestagne-Morelli, Alison; Huang, Hans; Reza, Ryan; Rexach, Michael F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Phillips, Joshua L.; Newsam, Shawn] Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Gopinathan, Ajay] Univ Calif, Ctr Computat Biol, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Colvin, Michael E.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Acheson, Justin; Uversky, Vladimir N.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Inst Intrinsically Disordered Prot Res, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Krishnan, Viswanathan V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Krishnan, Viswanathan V.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Chem, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Lau, Edmond Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Uversky, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Instrumentat, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Rexach, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM rexach@biology.ucsc.edu RI Uversky, Vladimir/F-4515-2011; OI Uversky, Vladimir/0000-0002-4037-5857; Gopinathan, Ajay/0000-0002-9369-8780 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 GM077520, RO1 LM007688, GM071714]; Program of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Signature Centers Initiative FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants RO1 GM077520 (to M. F. R., M. E. C., V. V. K. and E. Y. L.) and RO1 LM007688 and GM071714 (to V. N. U.). This work was also supported by the Program of the Russian Academy of Sciences for "Molecular and Cellular Biology" (to V. N. U.) and by the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Signature Centers Initiative. NR 83 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2205 EP 2224 DI 10.1074/mcp.M000035-MCP201 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 656VJ UT WOS:000282368900011 PM 20368288 ER PT J AU Aydogan, B Li, J Rajh, T Chaudhary, A Chmura, SJ Pelizzari, C Wietholt, C Kurtoglu, M Redmond, P AF Aydogan, Bulent Li, Ji Rajh, Tijana Chaudhary, Ahmed Chmura, Steven J. Pelizzari, Charles Wietholt, Christian Kurtoglu, Metin Redmond, Peter TI AuNP-DG: Deoxyglucose-Labeled Gold Nanoparticles as X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents for Cancer Imaging SO MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticle; Contrast-enhanced CT; 2-Deoxy-D-glucose; Cancer imaging; Tumor targeting ID TRANSPORT AB To study the feasibility of using 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG)-labeled gold nanoparticle (AuNP-DG) as a computed tomography (CT) contrast agent with tumor targeting capability through in vitro experiments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were fabricated and were conjugated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. The human alveolar epithelial cancer cell line, A-549, was chosen for the in vitro cellular uptake assay. Two groups of cell samples were incubated with the AuNP-DG and the unlabeled AuNP, respectively. Following the incubation, the cells were washed with sterile PBS to remove the excess gold nanoparticles and spun to cell pellets using a centrifuge. The cell pellets were imaged using a microCT scanner immediately after the centrifugation. The reconstructed CT images were analyzed using a commercial software package. Significant contrast enhancement in the cell samples incubated with the AuNP-DG with respect to the cell samples incubated with the unlabeled AuNP was observed in multiple CT slices. Results from this study demonstrate enhanced uptake of 2-DG-labeled gold nanoparticle by cancer cells in vitro and warrant further experiments to study the exact molecular mechanism by which the AuNP-DG is internalized and retained in the tumor cells. C1 [Aydogan, Bulent; Li, Ji; Chaudhary, Ahmed; Chmura, Steven J.; Pelizzari, Charles] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiat & Cellular Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rajh, Tijana; Redmond, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wietholt, Christian] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wietholt, Christian] Univ Chicago, Dept Med Cardiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kurtoglu, Metin] Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Aydogan, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Radiat & Cellular Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM baydogan@radonc.bsd.uchicago.edu FU Research Training in Medical Physics [5 T32-EB002103-19]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was partially supported by Research Training in Medical Physics 5 T32-EB002103-19. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1536-1632 EI 1860-2002 J9 MOL IMAGING BIOL JI Mol. Imaging. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s11307-010-0299-8 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 655TU UT WOS:000282273200002 PM 20237857 ER PT J AU de la Zerda, A Bodapati, S Teed, R Schipper, ML Keren, S Smith, BR Ng, JST Gambhir, SS AF de la Zerda, Adam Bodapati, Sunil Teed, Robert Schipper, Meike L. Keren, Shay Smith, Bryan R. Ng, Johnny S. T. Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam TI A Comparison Between Time Domain and Spectral Imaging Systems for Imaging Quantum Dots in Small Living Animals SO MOLECULAR IMAGING AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Time-domain imaging; Frequency-domain imaging; Quantum dots imaging; Optical tomography; Small animal imaging; Molecular imaging ID OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; TUMOR VASCULATURE; FLUORESCENCE; TISSUE AB We quantified the performance of time-domain imaging (TDI) and spectral imaging (SI) for fluorescence imaging of quantum dots (QDs) in three distinct imaging instruments: eXplore Optix (TDI, Advanced Research Technologies Inc.), Maestro (SI, CRi Inc.), and IVIS-Spectrum (SI, Caliper Life Sciences Inc.). The instruments were compared for their sensitivity in phantoms and living mice, multiplexing capabilities (ability to resolve the signal of one QD type in the presence of another), and the dependence of contrast and spatial resolution as a function of depth. In phantoms, eXplore Optix had an order of magnitude better sensitivity compared to the SI systems, detecting QD concentrations of similar to 40 pM in vitro. Maestro was the best instrument for multiplexing QDs. Reduction of contrast and resolution as a function of depth was smallest with eXplore Optix for depth of 2-6 mm, while other depths gave comparable results in all systems. Sensitivity experiments in living mice showed that the eXplore Optix and Maestro systems outperformed the IVIS-Spectrum. TDI was found to be an order of magnitude more sensitive than SI at the expense of speed and very limited multiplexing capabilities. For deep tissue QD imaging, TDI is most applicable for depths between 2 and 6 mm, as its contrast and resolution degrade the least at these depths. C1 [de la Zerda, Adam; Bodapati, Sunil; Teed, Robert; Schipper, Meike L.; Keren, Shay; Smith, Bryan R.; Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam] Bio X Program, Mol Imaging Program Stanford, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [de la Zerda, Adam] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ng, Johnny S. T.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Gambhir, SS (reprint author), Bio X Program, Mol Imaging Program Stanford, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sgambhir@stanford.edu FU National Institute of Health [NCI CCNE U54 CA119367, NCI ICMIC P50 CA114747]; Canary Foundation (SSG); Bio-X Graduate Student Fellowship; DoD Breast Cancer Research Program - Predoctoral Traineeship Award FX We acknowledge funding support from the National Institute of Health grants NCI CCNE U54 CA119367 (SSG), NCI ICMIC P50 CA114747 (SSG) and the Canary Foundation (SSG). A. de la Zerda thanks the Bio-X Graduate Student Fellowship and the DoD Breast Cancer Research Program - Predoctoral Traineeship Award for partially supporting this work. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1536-1632 J9 MOL IMAGING BIOL JI Mol. Imaging. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.1007/s11307-009-0290-4 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 655TU UT WOS:000282273200006 PM 20012220 ER PT J AU Hecker, SS AF Hecker, Siegfried S. TI Nuclear promise or nuclear peril? SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB This article is an edited transcript of the plenary presentation delivered by Siegfried S. Hecker of Stanford University at the 2010 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting on April 7, 2010 in San Francisco. C1 [Hecker, Siegfried S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hecker, Siegfried S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hecker, SS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 10 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.501 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 664AB UT WOS:000282930200001 ER PT J AU Fan, ZY Kapadia, R Leu, PW Zhang, XB Chueh, YL Takei, K Yu, K Jamshidi, A Rathore, AA Ruebusch, DJ Wu, M Javey, A AF Fan, Zhiyong Kapadia, Rehan Leu, Paul W. Zhang, Xiaobo Chueh, Yu-Lun Takei, Kuniharu Yu, Kyoungsik Jamshidi, Arash Rathore, Asghar A. Ruebusch, Daniel J. Wu, Ming Javey, Ali TI Ordered Arrays of Dual-Diameter Nanopillars for Maximized Optical Absorption SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanopillar photonics; light management. photovoltaics; light trapping; anti-reflectivity ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRE; SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; PHOTODETECTION; ENHANCEMENT; INTEGRATION; PHOTONICS AB Optical properties of highly ordered Ge nanopillar arrays are tuned through shape and geometry control to achieve the Optimal absorption efficiency Increasing the Ge materials filling ratio is shown to increase the reflectance while simultaneously decreasing the transmittance. with the absorbance showing a strong diameter dependency To enhance the broad band optical absorption efficiency. a novel dual-diameter nanopillar structure is presented, with a small diameter tip for minimal reflectance and a large diameter base for maximal effective absorption coefficient The enabled single-crystalline absorber material with a thickness of only 2 mu m exhibits an impressive absorbance of similar to 99% over wavelengths, lambda = 300-900 nm These results enable a viable and convenient route toward shape-controlled nanopillar-based high-performance photonic devices C1 [Fan, Zhiyong; Kapadia, Rehan; Leu, Paul W.; Zhang, Xiaobo; Chueh, Yu-Lun; Takei, Kuniharu; Yu, Kyoungsik; Jamshidi, Arash; Rathore, Asghar A.; Ruebusch, Daniel J.; Wu, Ming; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fan, Zhiyong; Kapadia, Rehan; Leu, Paul W.; Zhang, Xiaobo; Chueh, Yu-Lun; Takei, Kuniharu; Rathore, Asghar A.; Ruebusch, Daniel J.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fan, Zhiyong; Kapadia, Rehan; Leu, Paul W.; Zhang, Xiaobo; Chueh, Yu-Lun; Takei, Kuniharu; Yu, Kyoungsik; Jamshidi, Arash; Rathore, Asghar A.; Ruebusch, Daniel J.; Wu, Ming; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kyoungsik/C-7207-2009; Yu, Kyoungsik/C-2078-2011; Zhang, Xiaobo/B-3818-2012; Fan, Zhiyong/C-4970-2012; Wu, Ming/J-9906-2012; Kapadia, Rehan/B-4100-2013; Leu, Paul/B-9989-2008; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; Chueh, Yu-Lun/E-2053-2013; OI Kapadia, Rehan/0000-0002-7611-0551; Leu, Paul/0000-0002-1599-7144; Chueh, Yu-Lun/0000-0002-0155-9987; Fan, Zhiyong/0000-0002-5397-0129 FU BSAC; NSF; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; World Class University program at Sunchon National University FX This work was partially funded by BSAC and NSF COINS The synthesis part of this work was supported by a LDRD from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory R K acknowledges an NSF Graduate Fellowship A J acknowledges support from World Class University program at Sunchon National University NR 27 TC 171 Z9 174 U1 11 U2 103 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 3823 EP 3827 DI 10.1021/nl1010788 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600003 PM 20491498 ER PT J AU Li, M Myers, EB Tang, HX Aldridge, SJ McCaig, HC Whiting, JJ Simonson, RJ Lewis, NS Roukes, ML AF Li, Mo Myers, E. B. Tang, H. X. Aldridge, S. J. McCaig, H. C. Whiting, J. J. Simonson, R. J. Lewis, N. S. Roukes, M. L. TI Nanoelectromechanical Resonator Arrays for Ultrafast, Gas-Phase Chromatographic Chemical Analysis SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NEMS; gas chromatography; gas detectors; mass sensing ID ACOUSTIC-WAVE; ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; SENSORS; DESIGN; FABRICATION AB Miniaturized gas chromatography (GC) systems can provide fast, quantitative analysis of chemical vapors in an ultrasmall package. We describe a chemical sensor technology based on resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) mass detectors that provides the speed, sensitivity, specificity, and size required by the microscale GC paradigm. Such NEMS sensors have demonstrated detection of subparts per billion (ppb) concentrations of a phosphonate analyte. By combining two channels of NEMS detection with an ultrafast GC front-end, chromatographic analysis of 13 chemicals was performed within a 5 s time window. C1 [Li, Mo; Myers, E. B.; Tang, H. X.; Aldridge, S. J.; Roukes, M. L.] CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Whiting, J. J.; Simonson, R. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [McCaig, H. C.; Lewis, N. S.] CALTECH, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Roukes, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, MS 114-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Li, Mo/B-4673-2008; Tang, Hong/D-1587-2009 OI Li, Mo/0000-0002-5500-0900; FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency via DARPA/MTO-MGA [NBCHI050001]; Department of Homeland Security Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank X L Peng and I Bargatin for useful discussions and S Stryker for machining assistance We gratefully acknowledge support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency via DARPA/MTO-MGA Grant NBCHI050001 and from the Department of Homeland Security Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 24 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 3899 EP 3903 DI 10.1021/nl101586s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600016 PM 20795729 ER PT J AU Dayeh, SA Picraux, ST AF Dayeh, Shadi A. Picraux, S. T. TI Direct Observation of Nanoscale Size Effects in Ge Semiconductor Nanowire Growth SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanowire; silicon; germanium; size-dependent growth; vapor-liquid-solid growth; Gibbs-Thomson ID LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; SILICON NANOWIRES; EUTECTIC TEMPERATURE; GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; DIAMETER; CRYSTALS; KINETICS; ENERGY AB Progress in the synthesis of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has prompted intensive inquiry into understanding the science of their growth mechanisms and ultimately the technological applications they promise We present new results for the size-dependent growth kinetics of Ge NWs and correlate the results with a direct experimental measurement of the Gibbs Thomson effect, a measured increase in the Ge solute concentration in liquid Au Ge droplets with decreasing diameter This nanoscalc-dependent effect emerges in vapor liquid solid Ge NW growth and leads to a decrease in the NW growth rate for smaller diameter NWs under a wide range of growth conditions with a cutoff in growth at sufficiently small sizes These effects are described quantitatively by an analytical model based on the Gibbs Thomson effect A comprehensive treatment is provided and shown to be consistent with experiment for the effect of NW growth time, temperature, pressure, and doping on the supersaturation of Ge in Au, which determines the growth rate and critical cutoff diameter for NW growth These results support the universal applicability of the Gibbs Thomson effect to sub-100 nm diameter semiconductor NW growth C1 [Dayeh, Shadi A.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dayeh, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Dayeh, Shadi/H-5621-2012 FU U S Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We would like to thank Eli Sutter for performing measurements of the Ge equilibrium fraction in different diameter NW arrays, Eli and Peter Sutter for valuable discussions, Aaron Gin for providing access to his JEOL JBX6300 FS e-beam writer, and Nan Li for assisting in acquiring part of the TEM images in the Supporting Information Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U S Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility NR 44 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4032 EP 4039 DI 10.1021/nl1019722 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600040 PM 20853864 ER PT J AU Zhang, LJ Luo, JW Zunger, A Akopian, N Zwiller, V Harmand, JC AF Zhang, Lijun Luo, Jun-Wei Zunger, Alex Akopian, Nika Zwiller, Val Harmand, Jean-Christophe TI Wide InP Nanowires with Wurtzite/Zincblende Superlattice Segments Are Type-II whereas Narrower Nanowires Become Type-I: An Atomistic Pseudopotential Calculation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Electron-hole separation; nanowire superlattice; type II-type I transition ID BAND ALIGNMENT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Nanowire-superlattices with different structural phases along the nanowire direction, such as wurtzite (WZ) and zincblende (ZB) forms of the same compound, often exhibit a "type II" band-alignment with electrons on ZB and holes on WZ This is a material property of most of III V semiconductors We show via InP nanowires that as the nanowire diameter decreases, quantum-confinement alters this basic material property, placing both electrons and holes on the same (ZB) phase This structural design causes a dramatic increase in absorption strength and reduced radiative lifetime C1 [Zhang, Lijun; Luo, Jun-Wei; Zunger, Alex] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Akopian, Nika; Zwiller, Val] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Harmand, Jean-Christophe] CNRS, Lab Photon & Nanostruct, F-91460 Marcoussis, France. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI LUO, JUN-WEI/A-8491-2010; Zhang, Lijun/F-7710-2011; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; LUO, JUNWEI/B-6545-2013 FU U S Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC36-08G028308] FX A Z thanks Dr Lars Samuelson for stimulating and helpful discussions Work at NREL is supported by the U S Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Award No DE-AC36-08G028308 NR 29 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4055 EP 4060 DI 10.1021/nl102109s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600043 PM 20809611 ER PT J AU Bayles, AR Chahal, HS Chahal, DS Goldbeck, CP Cohen, BE Helms, BA AF Bayles, Andrea R. Chahal, Harvind S. Chahal, Dev S. Goldbeck, Cheryl P. Cohen, Bruce E. Helms, Brett A. TI Rapid Cytosolic Delivery of Luminescent Nanocrystals in Live Cells with Endosome-Disrupting Polymer Colloids SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanocrystal; delivery; bioimaging; endosomal disruption; live cell microscopy ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; SINGLE-VIRUS TRACKING; INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; NANOPARTICLE UPTAKE; PARALLEL SYNTHESIS; GENE DELIVERY; LIVING CELLS; PARTICLES; PEPTIDE; CYTOTOXICITY AB Luminescent nanocrystals hold great potential for bioimaging because of their exceptional optical properties, but their use in live cells has been limited When nanocrystals enter live cells, they are taken up in vesicles This vesicular sequestration is persistent and precludes nanocrystals from reaching intracellular targets Here, we describe a unique, cationic core shell polymer colloid that translocates nanocrystals to the cytosol by disrupting endosomal membranes via a low-pH triggered mechanism Confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry indicate that picomolar concentrations of quantum dots are sufficient for cytosolic labeling, with the process occurring within a few hours of incubation We anticipate a host of advanced applications arising from efficient cytosolic delivery of nanocrystal imaging probes from single particle tracking experiments to monitoring protein protein interactions in live cells for extended periods C1 [Bayles, Andrea R.; Chahal, Harvind S.; Chahal, Dev S.; Goldbeck, Cheryl P.; Cohen, Bruce E.; Helms, Brett A.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Helms, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Helms, Brett/0000-0003-3925-4174 FU U S Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Joel Cohen, Eric Bachelder, and Jean M J Frechet for technical assistance and helpful discussions with this paper and Holly Aaron of the Molecular Imaging Center at the University of California, Berkeley for microscope access and advice Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U S Department of Energy under Contract No DE-AC02-05CH11231 NR 63 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4086 EP 4092 DI 10.1021/nl102172j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600048 PM 20831181 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Zhu, K Yan, YF Perkins, CL Frank, AJ AF Kim, Jae-Hun Zhu, Kai Yan, Yanfa Perkins, Craig L. Frank, Arthur J. TI Microstructure and Pseudocapacitive Properties of Electrodes Constructed of Oriented NiO-TiO2 Nanotube Arrays SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Supercapacitor; nickel oxide; nanotube; anodization ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; ANODIC TIO2 NANOTUBES; NICKEL-OXIDE FILM; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; TITANIA NANOTUBES; MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; ALLOY ANODIZATION; ENERGY-STORAGE; TA6V ALLOY; PERFORMANCE AB We report on the synthesis and electrochemical properties of oriented NIO-TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays as electrodes for supercapacitors The morphology of the films prepared by electrochemically anodizing Ni-Ti alloy foils was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction, and photoelectron spectroscopes The morphology, crystal structure, and composition of the NT films were found to depend on the preparation conditions (anodization voltage and postgrowth annealing temperature) Annealing the as-grown NT arrays to a temperature of 600 degrees C transformed them from an amorphous phase to a mixture of crystalline rock salt NiO and ruck TiO2 Changes in the morphology and crystal structure strongly influenced the electrochemical properties of the NT electrodes Electrodes composed of NT films annealed at 600 degrees C displayed pseudocapacitor (redox-capacitor) behavior, including rapid charge/discharge kinetics and stable long-term cycling performance At similar film thicknesses and surface areas, the NT-based electrodes showed a higher rate capability than the randomly packed nanoparticle-based electrodes Even at the highest scan rate (500 mV/s), the capacitance of the NT electrodes was not much smaller (within 12%) than the capacitance measured at the slowest scan rate (5 mV/s) The faster charge/discharge kinetics of NT electrodes at high scan rates is attributed to the more ordered NT film architecture, which is expected to facilitate electron and ion transport during the charge discharge reactions C1 [Kim, Jae-Hun; Zhu, Kai; Yan, Yanfa; Perkins, Craig L.; Frank, Arthur J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhu, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Kim, Jae-Hun/0000-0001-6537-0350; Kim, Jae-Hun/0000-0002-4252-2590 FU DOE/NREL [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work was supported by the DOE/NREL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program under DOE Contract No DE-AC36-08GO28308 NR 51 TC 267 Z9 273 U1 47 U2 498 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4099 EP 4104 DI 10.1021/nl102203s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600050 PM 20873847 ER PT J AU Elhadj, S Rioux, RM Dickey, MD DeYoreo, JJ Whitesides, GM AF Elhadj, Selim Rioux, Robert M. Dickey, Michael D. DeYoreo, James J. Whitesides, George M. TI Subnanometer Replica Molding of Molecular Steps on Ionic Crystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Replica molding; KDP; calcite; molecular scale; PDMS; imprint lithography ID SOFT IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; SCALE; NANOFABRICATION; GROWTH; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); MORPHOLOGY; RESOLUTION; KINETICS; KDP AB Replica molding with elastomeric polymers has been used routinely to replicate features less than 10 nm in size Because the theoretical limit of this technique is set by polymer-surface interactions, atomic radii, and accessible volumes, replication at subnanometer length scales should be possible Using polydimethylsiloxane to create a mold and polyurethane to form the replica. we demonstrate replication of elementary steps 3-5 angstrom in height that define the minimum separation between molecular layers in the lattices of the ionic crystals potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcite. This work establishes the operation of replica molding at the molecular scale C1 [DeYoreo, James J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Elhadj, Selim] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rioux, Robert M.; Dickey, Michael D.; Whitesides, George M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP DeYoreo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIH [GM065364]; Center for Optofluidic Integration at the California Institute of Technology; NSF [DMR-0213805, PHY-0117795]; Center for Nanoscale Systems [CNS NSE ECS-0335765]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U S Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Dr Raymond Friddle for his assistance in preparing calcite crystals for this study This research was supported by NIH (GM065364) and by DARPA (subaward to G M W from the Center for Optofluidic Integration at the California Institute of Technology) The research used MRSEC and NSEC facilities supported by NSF (DMR-0213805 and PHY-0117795) and at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS NSE ECS-0335765) R M R acknowledgesNIH fora postdoctoral fellowship(1F32NS060356) Crystal fabrication and AFM analysis were supported by Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U S Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and by the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No DE-AC02-05CH11231 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4140 EP 4145 DI 10.1021/nl102409d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600057 PM 20843061 ER PT J AU Tang, JY Wang, HT Lee, DH Fardy, M Huo, ZY Russell, TP Yang, PD AF Tang, Jinyao Wang, Hung-Ta Lee, Dong Hyun Fardy, Melissa Huo, Ziyang Russell, Thomas P. Yang, Peidong TI Holey Silicon as an Efficient Thermoelectric Material SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Silicon; thermoelectric; thermal conductivity; necking; nanostructure ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NANOWIRES; TRANSPORT; FIGURE; MERIT; POWER AB This work investigated the thermoelectric properties of thin silicon membranes that have been decorated with high density of nanoscopic holes These "holey silicon" (HS) structures were fabricated by either nanosphere or block-copolymer lithography, both of which are scalable for practical device application By reducing the pitch of the hexagonal holey pattern down to 55 nm with 35% porosity, the thermal conductivity of HS is consistently reduced by 2 orders of magnitude and approaches the amorphous limit With a ZT value of similar to 0 4 at room temperature, the thermoelectric performance of HS is comparable with the best value recorded in silicon nanowire system C1 [Tang, Jinyao; Wang, Hung-Ta; Fardy, Melissa; Huo, Ziyang; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tang, Jinyao; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Dong Hyun; Russell, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tang, Jinyao/I-3851-2012 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U S Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-96ER45612] FX We thank R Chen, S Andrews, K Hippalgaonkar, J Moore. and A Majumdar for the discussions and E Garnett for the fabrication assistance This work was supported by the Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U S Department of Energy under Contract No DE-AC02-05CH11231 and under contract No DE-FG02-96ER45612 NR 22 TC 286 Z9 287 U1 29 U2 173 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4279 EP 4283 DI 10.1021/nl102931z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 661KQ UT WOS:000282727600080 PM 20839780 ER PT J AU Kumari, L Li, WZ Huang, JY Provencio, PP AF Kumari, Latha Li, Wenzhi Huang, Jian Yu Provencio, Paula P. TI Solvothermal Synthesis, Structure and Optical Property of Nanosized CoSb3 Skutterudite SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanostructures; Chemical synthesis; Electron microscopy; Optical properties ID TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GAP SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOCRYSTALS; ANTIMONIDES; PARTICLES; SIZE; NANOSTRUCTURES AB Binary skutterudite CoSb3 nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method. The nanostructuring of CoSb3 material was achieved by the inclusion of various kinds of additives. X-ray diffraction examination indicated the formation of the cubic phase of CoSb3. Structural analysis by transmission electron microscopy analysis further confirmed the formation of crystalline CoSb3 nanoparticles with high purity. With the assistance of additives, CoSb3 nanoparticles with size as small as 10 nm were obtained. The effect of the nanostructure of CoSb3 on the UV-visible absorption and luminescence was studied. The nanosized CoSb3 skutterudite may find application in developing thermoelectric devices with better efficiency. C1 [Kumari, Latha; Li, Wenzhi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Huang, Jian Yu; Provencio, Paula P.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, WZ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM Wenzhi.Li@fiu.edu RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Li, Wenzhi/J-6797-2016; OI Li, Wenzhi/0000-0001-8442-2232; Kumari, Latha/0000-0001-8820-6043 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0548061]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank Mr. C. H. Vannoy and Dr. R. M. Leblanc for assistance with the UV-visible and PL measurements and Dr. S. Kulkarni for the XRD experiment. This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-0548061. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1556-276X J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1698 EP 1705 DI 10.1007/s11671-010-9700-4 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 666OL UT WOS:000283124800027 PM 27502192 ER PT J AU Gartia, MR Xu, ZD Behymer, E Nguyen, H Britten, JA Larson, C Miles, R Bora, M Chang, ASP Bond, TC Liu, GL AF Gartia, Manas R. Xu, Zhida Behymer, Elaine Nguyen, Hoang Britten, Jerald A. Larson, Cindy Miles, Robin Bora, Mihail Chang, Allan S-P Bond, Tiziana C. Liu, G. Logan TI Rigorous surface enhanced Raman spectral characterization of large-area high-uniformity silver-coated tapered silica nanopillar arrays SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING SERS; SPECTROSCOPY; BENZENETHIOL; NANOPARTICLES; LITHOGRAPHY; ELECTRODES; TAGS; FILM AB Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been increasingly utilized as an analytical technique with significant chemical and biological applications (Qian et al 2008 Nat. Biotechnol. 26 83; Fujita et al 2009 J. Biomed. Opt. 14 024038; Chou et al 2008 Nano Lett. 8 1729; Culha et al 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 6196; Willets K A 2009 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 85; Han et al 2009 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 1719; Sha et al 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 17214). However, production of a robust, homogeneous and large-area SERS substrate with the same ultrahigh sensitivity and reproducibility still remains an important issue. Here, we describe a large-area ultrahigh-uniformity tapered silver nanopillar array made by laser interference lithography on the entire surface of a 6 inch wafer. Also presented is the rigorous optical characterization method of the tapered nanopillar substrate to accurately quantify the Raman enhancement factor, uniformity and repeatability. An average homogeneous enhancement factor of close to 10(8) was obtained for benzenethiol adsorbed on a silver-coated nanopillar substrate. C1 [Behymer, Elaine; Nguyen, Hoang; Britten, Jerald A.; Larson, Cindy; Miles, Robin; Bora, Mihail; Chang, Allan S-P; Bond, Tiziana C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Meso Micro & Nano Scale Technol, Livermore, CA USA. [Gartia, Manas R.; Xu, Zhida; Liu, G. Logan] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gartia, Manas R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bond, TC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Meso Micro & Nano Scale Technol, Livermore, CA USA. EM bond7@llnl.gov; loganliu@illinois.edu FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [AC52-07 NA27344]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work was supported by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. AC52-07 NA27344. We also acknowledge support by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 42 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 39 AR 395701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/39/395701 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 646GS UT WOS:000281527600017 PM 20808033 ER PT J AU Strmcnik, D Escudero-Escribano, M Kodama, K Stamenkovic, VR Cuesta, A Markovic, NM AF Strmcnik, Dusan Escudero-Escribano, Maria Kodama, Kensaku Stamenkovic, Vojislav R. Cuesta, Angel Markovic, Nenad M. TI Enhanced electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction based on patterning of platinum surfaces with cyanide SO NATURE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MODIFIED PT(111) ELECTRODES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU; FORMIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; ADLAYERS; ELECTROOXIDATION AB The slow rate of the oxygen reduction reaction in the phosphoric acid fuel cell is the main factor limiting its wide application. Here, we present an approach that can be used for the rational design of cathode catalysts with potential use in phosphoric acid fuel cells, or in any environments containing strongly adsorbing tetrahedral anions. This approach is based on molecular patterning of platinum surfaces with cyanide adsorbates that can efficiently block the sites for adsorption of spectator anions while the oxygen reduction reaction proceeds unhindered. We also demonstrate that, depending on the supporting electrolyte anions and cations, on the same CN-covered Pt(111) surface, the oxygen reduction reaction activities can range from a 25-fold increase to a 50-fold decrease. This behaviour is discussed in the light of the role of covalent and non-covalent interactions in controlling the ensemble of platinum active sites required for high turn over rates of the oxygen reduction reaction. C1 [Escudero-Escribano, Maria; Cuesta, Angel] CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Strmcnik, Dusan; Kodama, Kensaku; Stamenkovic, Vojislav R.; Markovic, Nenad M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kodama, Kensaku] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Toyota 4801192, Japan. RP Cuesta, A (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, C Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM a.cuesta@iqfr.csic.es; nmmarkovic@anl.gov RI Cuesta, Angel/C-7151-2008; Escudero-Escribano, Maria/D-1408-2011 OI Cuesta, Angel/0000-0003-4243-1848; Escudero-Escribano, Maria/0000-0002-6432-3015 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DGI (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia) [CTQ2006-02109]; DGI; Madrid City Council FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, US Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and by the DGI (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia) under project CTQ2006-02109. M.E. acknowledges an FPI fellowship from the DGI and an accommodation grant at the Residencia de Estudiantes from the Madrid City Council. NR 40 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 22 U2 181 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1755-4330 J9 NAT CHEM JI Nat. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 10 BP 880 EP 885 DI 10.1038/NCHEM.771 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 653KX UT WOS:000282091300022 PM 20861905 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Kim, S Park, MJ AF Kim, Sung Yeon Kim, Suhan Park, Moon Jeong TI Enhanced proton transport in nanostructured polymer electrolyte/ionic liquid membranes under water-free conditions SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IONIC-LIQUID; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FUEL-CELLS; CONDUCTING MEMBRANES; EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; NAFION MEMBRANES; COPOLYMER; MICROEMULSIONS; NANOCOMPOSITE; CHALLENGES AB Proton exchange fuel cells (PEFCs) have the potential to provide power for a variety of applications ranging from electronic devices to transportation vehicles. A major challenge towards economically viable PEFCs is finding an electrolyte that is both durable and easily passes protons. In this article, we study novel anhydrous proton-conducting membranes, formed by incorporating ionic liquids into synthetic block co-polymer electrolytes, poly(styrenesulphonate-b-methylbutylene) (S(n)MB(m)), as high-temperature PEFCs. The resulting membranes are transparent, flexible and thermally stable up to 180 degrees C. The increases in the sulphonation level of S(n)MB(m) co-polymers (proton supplier) and the concentration of the ionic liquid (proton mediator) produce an overall increase in conductivity. Morphology effects were studied by X-ray scattering and electron microscopy. Compared with membranes having discrete ionic domains (including Nafion 117), the nanostructured membranes revealed over an order of magnitude increase in conductivity with the highest conductivity of 0.045 S cm(-1) obtained at 165 degrees C. C1 [Kim, Sung Yeon; Park, Moon Jeong] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Adv Mat Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Sung Yeon; Park, Moon Jeong] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Suhan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, MJ (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Adv Mat Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM moonpark@postech.edu RI Park, Moon Jeong/F-5752-2013 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0007798, R31-2009-000-10059-0]; Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea FX This work was financially supported by POSTECH Basic Science Research Institute Grant, Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (project no. 2010-0007798) and WCU (World Class University) program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (project no. R31-2009-000-10059-0). SAXS measurements were conducted on the beam line 4C1 at the Pohang Light Source (PLS) supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea. TEM was performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 40 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 12 U2 89 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 1 AR 88 DI 10.1038/ncomms1086 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673GJ UT WOS:000283647100006 PM 20981017 ER PT J AU Yazyev, OV Louie, SG AF Yazyev, Oleg V. Louie, Steven G. TI Electronic transport in polycrystalline graphene SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; GRAPHITE; NANOTUBES; CARBON; DNA AB Most materials in available macroscopic quantities are polycrystalline. Graphene, a recently discovered two-dimensional form of carbon with strong potential for replacing silicon in future electronics(1-3), is no exception. There is growing evidence of the polycrystalline nature of graphene samples obtained using various techniques(4-13). Grain boundaries, intrinsic topological defects of polycrystalline materials(14), are expected to markedly alter the electronic transport in graphene. Here, we develop a theory of charge carrier transmission through grain boundaries composed of a periodic array of dislocations in graphene based on the momentum conservation principle. Depending on the grain-boundary structure we find two distinct transport behaviours-either high transparency, or perfect reflection of charge carriers over remarkably large energy ranges. First-principles quantum transport calculations are used to verify and further investigate this striking behaviour. Our study sheds light on the transport properties of large-area graphene samples. Furthermore, purposeful engineering of periodic grain boundaries with tunable transport gaps would allow for controlling charge currents without the need to introduce bulk bandgaps in otherwise semimetallic graphene. The proposed approach can be regarded as a means towards building practical graphene electronics. C1 [Yazyev, Oleg V.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yazyev, Oleg V.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yazyev, OV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yazyev, Oleg/A-4073-2008 OI Yazyev, Oleg/0000-0001-7281-3199 FU National Science Foundation [DMR07-05941]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; BES; Swiss National Science Foundation [PBELP2-123086] FX We are grateful to J. J. Palacios, C-H. Park and D. Strubbe for their comments. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR07-05941 and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The structural parameters were determined using theoretical techniques and computer codes supported by NSF and the electronic transport calculations were carried out under the auspices of BES support. O.V.Y. acknowledges financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. PBELP2-123086). Computational resources have been provided by NSF through TeraGrid resources at NICS (Kraken) and by DOE at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's NERSC facility. NR 30 TC 470 Z9 474 U1 24 U2 246 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 806 EP 809 DI 10.1038/nmat2830 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 653YM UT WOS:000282134700016 PM 20729847 ER PT J AU Takei, K Takahashi, T Ho, JC Ko, H Gillies, AG Leu, PW Fearing, RS Javey, A AF Takei, Kuniharu Takahashi, Toshitake Ho, Johnny C. Ko, Hyunhyub Gillies, Andrew G. Leu, Paul W. Fearing, Ronald S. Javey, Ali TI Nanowire active-matrix circuitry for low-voltage macroscale artificial skin SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LARGE-AREA; ARRAYS; ELECTRONICS; SENSORS; SCALE; SEMITRANSPARENT; PRESSURE; DISPLAYS AB Large-scale integration of high-performance electronic components on mechanically flexible substrates may enable new applications in electronics, sensing and energy(1-8). Over the past several years, tremendous progress in the printing and transfer of single-crystalline, inorganic micro-and nanostructures on plastic substrates has been achieved through various process schemes(5-10). For instance, contact printing of parallel arrays of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has been explored as a versatile route to enable fabrication of high-performance, bendable transistors and sensors(11-14). However, truly macroscale integration of ordered NW circuitry has not yet been demonstrated, with the largest-scale active systems being of the order of 1 cm(2) (refs 11,15). This limitation is in part due to assembly-and processing-related obstacles, although larger-scale integration has been demonstrated for randomly oriented NWs (ref. 16). Driven by this challenge, here we demonstrate macroscale (7 x 7 cm(2)) integration of parallel NW arrays as the active-matrix backplane of a flexible pressure-sensor array (18 x 19 pixels). The integrated sensor array effectively functions as an artificial electronic skin(2,17,18), capable of monitoring applied pressure profiles with high spatial resolution. The active-matrix circuitry operates at a low operating voltage of less than 5V and exhibits superb mechanical robustness and reliability, without performance degradation on bending to small radii of curvature (2.5 mm) for over 2,000 bending cycles. This work presents the largest integration of ordered NW-array active components, and demonstrates a model platform for future integration of nanomaterials for practical applications. C1 [Takei, Kuniharu; Takahashi, Toshitake; Ho, Johnny C.; Ko, Hyunhyub; Leu, Paul W.; Fearing, Ronald S.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Takei, Kuniharu; Takahashi, Toshitake; Ho, Johnny C.; Ko, Hyunhyub; Leu, Paul W.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Takei, Kuniharu; Takahashi, Toshitake; Ho, Johnny C.; Ko, Hyunhyub; Leu, Paul W.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gillies, Andrew G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RI Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012; Leu, Paul/B-9989-2008; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; Ko, Hyunhyub/C-4848-2009 OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794; Leu, Paul/0000-0002-1599-7144; FU NSF; MARCO/MSD Focus Center; DARPA/DSO; LDRD, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Sunchon National University FX This work was partially financially supported by NSF CAREER Award, MARCO/MSD Focus Center and DARPA/DSO Programmable Matter. The synthesis part of this work was supported by a LDRD from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A.J. acknowledges support from the World Class University programme at Sunchon National University. NR 20 TC 479 Z9 485 U1 49 U2 348 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 9 IS 10 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1038/nmat2835 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 653YM UT WOS:000282134700019 PM 20835235 ER PT J AU Westenhoff, S Malmerberg, E Arnlund, D Johansson, L Nazarenko, E Cammarata, M Davidsson, J Chaptal, V Abramson, J Katona, G Menzel, A Neutze, R AF Westenhoff, Sebastian Malmerberg, Erik Arnlund, David Johansson, Linda Nazarenko, Elena Cammarata, Marco Davidsson, Jan Chaptal, Vincent Abramson, Jeff Katona, Gergely Menzel, Andreas Neutze, Richard TI Rapid readout detector captures protein time-resolved WAXS SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Letter ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS C1 [Westenhoff, Sebastian; Malmerberg, Erik; Arnlund, David; Johansson, Linda; Nazarenko, Elena; Katona, Gergely; Neutze, Richard] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem Biochem & Biophys, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Cammarata, Marco] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Davidsson, Jan] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys Chem, Uppsala, Sweden. [Chaptal, Vincent; Abramson, Jeff] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Menzel, Andreas] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Westenhoff, S (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem Biochem & Biophys, Gothenburg, Sweden. EM richard.neutze@chem.gu.se RI Katona, Gergely/B-3491-2008; Cammarata, Marco/C-2322-2008; Malmerberg, Erik/A-1114-2010; Johansson, Linda/B-1240-2011; Arnlund, David/B-1246-2011; Nazarenko, Elena/C-3320-2011; Neutze, Richard/A-7573-2010; Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012 OI Katona, Gergely/0000-0002-2031-8716; Cammarata, Marco/0000-0003-3013-1186; Johansson, Linda/0000-0003-4776-5142; Neutze, Richard/0000-0003-0986-6153; Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM078844] NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 BP 775 EP 776 DI 10.1038/nmeth1010-775c PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 655UC UT WOS:000282274700007 PM 20885435 ER PT J AU He, SM Wurtzel, O Singh, K Froula, JL Yilmaz, S Tringe, SG Wang, Z Chen, F Lindquist, EA Sorek, R Hugenholtz, P AF He, Shaomei Wurtzel, Omri Singh, Kanwar Froula, Jeff L. Yilmaz, Suzan Tringe, Susannah G. Wang, Zhong Chen, Feng Lindquist, Erika A. Sorek, Rotem Hugenholtz, Philip TI Validation of two ribosomal RNA removal methods for microbial metatranscriptomics SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; COMMUNITIES; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTOME; PHOSPHORUS; BACTERIA; SYSTEM; WATERS AB The predominance of rRNAs in the transcriptome is a major technical challenge in sequence-based analysis of cDNAs from microbial isolates and communities. Several approaches have been applied to deplete rRNAs from (meta) transcriptomes, but no systematic investigation of potential biases introduced by any of these approaches has been reported. Here we validated the effectiveness and fidelity of the two most commonly used approaches, subtractive hybridization and exonuclease digestion, as well as combinations of these treatments, on two synthetic five-microorganism metatranscriptomes using massively parallel sequencing. We found that the effectiveness of rRNA removal was a function of community composition and RNA integrity for these treatments. Subtractive hybridization alone introduced the least bias in relative transcript abundance, whereas exonuclease and in particular combined treatments greatly compromised mRNA abundance fidelity. Illumina sequencing itself also can compromise quantitative data analysis by introducing a G+C bias between runs. C1 [He, Shaomei; Singh, Kanwar; Froula, Jeff L.; Yilmaz, Suzan; Tringe, Susannah G.; Wang, Zhong; Chen, Feng; Lindquist, Erika A.; Hugenholtz, Philip] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [He, Shaomei; Hugenholtz, Philip] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy Biosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wurtzel, Omri; Sorek, Rotem] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Hugenholtz, Philip] Univ Queensland, Sch Chem & Mol Biosci, Australian Ctr Ecogenom, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM p.hugenholtz@uq.edu.au RI Wang, Zhong/E-7897-2011; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; OI Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427 FU Energy Biosciences Institute; Israel Science Foundation Focal Initiatives in Research [1615/09]; EMBO Young Investigator program; Minerva Foundation; Yeda-Sela Center for basic research; Kahn Center for Systems Biology of the Human Cell; Azrieli Foundation; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396]; University of California FX We thank M. Allgaier, T. Zhan, M. Hess and E. DeLong for helpful discussions and feedback, H.-P. Klenk (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures), T. Zhang and F. Warnecke (Joint Genome Institute) for providing microbial biomass, L. Pennacchio for supporting and facilitating this project, and members of research and development and production teams at the Joint Genome Institute for sequencing support. S. H. and P. H. were supported by a grant from the Energy Biosciences Institute. R. S. was supported, in part, by the Israel Science Foundation Focal Initiatives in Research in Science and Technology program (1615/09), the EMBO Young Investigator program, the Minerva Foundation and the Yeda-Sela Center for basic research. O.W. was supported by the Kahn Center for Systems Biology of the Human Cell and an Azrieli Foundation Fellowship. The work was performed in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-06NA25396. NR 28 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 BP 807 EP U58 DI 10.1038/NMETH.1507 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 655UC UT WOS:000282274700013 PM 20852648 ER PT J AU Papagiakoumou, E Anselmi, F Begue, A de Sars, V Gluckstad, J Isacoff, EY Emiliani, V AF Papagiakoumou, Eirini Anselmi, Francesca Begue, Aurelien de Sars, Vincent Glueckstad, Jesper Isacoff, Ehud Y. Emiliani, Valentina TI Scanless two-photon excitation of channelrhodopsin-2 SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED PHASE-CONTRAST; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; HOLOGRAPHIC PHOTOLYSIS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; OPTOGENETIC CONTROL; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; TRANSGENIC MICE; LIGHT; CELLS AB Light-gated ion channels and pumps have made it possible to probe intact neural circuits by manipulating the activity of groups of genetically similar neurons. What is needed now is a method for precisely aiming the stimulating light at single neuronal processes, neurons or groups of neurons. We developed a method that combines generalized phase contrast with temporal focusing (TF-GPC) to shape two-photon excitation for this purpose. The illumination patterns are generated automatically from fluorescence images of neurons and shaped to cover the cell body or dendrites, or distributed groups of cells. The TF-GPC two-photon excitation patterns generated large photocurrents in Channelrhodopsin-2-expressing cultured cells and neurons and in mouse acute cortical slices. The amplitudes of the photocurrents can be precisely modulated by controlling the size and shape of the excitation volume and, thereby, be used to trigger single action potentials or trains of action potentials. C1 [Papagiakoumou, Eirini; Anselmi, Francesca; Begue, Aurelien; de Sars, Vincent; Emiliani, Valentina] Paris Descartes Univ, INSERM, CNRS,Neurophysiol & New Microscopies Lab, Wavefront Engn Microscopy Grp,UMR 8154,U603, Paris, France. [Glueckstad, Jesper] Tech Univ Denmark Foton, Dept Photon Engn, Lyngby, Denmark. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Emiliani, V (reprint author), Paris Descartes Univ, INSERM, CNRS,Neurophysiol & New Microscopies Lab, Wavefront Engn Microscopy Grp,UMR 8154,U603, Paris, France. EM valentina.emiliani@parisdescartes.fr RI Gluckstad, Jesper/G-9046-2011; Papagiakoumou, Eirini/B-1150-2017 OI Papagiakoumou, Eirini/0000-0002-7333-8796 FU European Science Foundation; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; European Network of Neuroscience Institutes [LSHM-CT-2005-19063]; European Commission [LSHM-CT-2007-037765]; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale; European doctoral school Frontieres du Vivant; Paris School of Neuroscience; Danish Technical Scientific Research Councils [09-060742]; US National Institutes of Health Nanomedicine Development Center for the Optical Control of Biological Function [PN2EY018241]; Human Frontier Science Program [RGP0013/2010] FX We thank I. Perch-Nielsen for the phase-contrast filter layout design, E. Schwartz for genotyping ChR2-YFP mice, S. Wiese, Z. Fu and M. Viesel for generating cDNA constructs, A. Triller, T. Gally, K. Spence, A. Burgo and K. Zylbersztejn for cell culture preparation, all members of the Neurophysiology and New Microscopy Laboratory for comments and technical help, D. Oron, D. Palima, S. Dieudonne, M. Diana and G. Fortin for helpful discussions, J. Feldmann for critical reading of the paper, Spectra-Physics, Inc. for loan of the high-power laser, and Phasics S. A. for providing the phase-analyzer software. V. E. was supported by the European Science Foundation and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique through the European Young Investigator program and by the European Network of Neuroscience Institutes (LSHM-CT-2005-19063). E. P. and V. E. were supported by the European Commission FP6 Specific Targeted Project Photolysis (LSHM-CT-2007-037765). E. P. was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale. F. A. was supported by the European doctoral school Frontieres du Vivant. A. B. was supported by Paris School of Neuroscience. J. G. was supported by the Danish Technical Scientific Research Councils (09-060742), E.Y.I. was supported by the US National Institutes of Health Nanomedicine Development Center for the Optical Control of Biological Function (PN2EY018241) and the Paris School of Neuroscience. E.Y.I. and V. E. were supported by Human Frontier Science Program (RGP0013/2010). NR 35 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 EI 1548-7105 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 BP 848 EP U117 DI 10.1038/NMETH.1505 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 655UC UT WOS:000282274700021 PM 20852649 ER PT J AU Balke, N Jesse, S Morozovska, AN Eliseev, E Chung, DW Kim, Y Adamczyk, L Garcia, RE Dudney, N Kalinin, SV AF Balke, N. Jesse, S. Morozovska, A. N. Eliseev, E. Chung, D. W. Kim, Y. Adamczyk, L. Garcia, R. E. Dudney, N. Kalinin, S. V. TI Nanoscale mapping of ion diffusion in a lithium-ion battery cathode SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU AFM; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ENERGY DENSITY; FILMS; SURFACE; LICOO2; EXPANSION; ELECTRODE; LIMN2O4; LI AB The movement of lithium ions into and out of electrodes is central to the operation of lithium-ion batteries. Although this process has been extensively studied at the device level, it remains insufficiently characterized at the nanoscale level of grain clusters, single grains and defects. Here, we probe the spatial variation of lithium-ion diffusion times in the battery-cathode material LiCoO2 at a resolution of similar to 100 nm by using an atomic force microscope to both redistribute lithium ions and measure the resulting cathode deformation. The relationship between diffusion and single grains and grain boundaries is observed, revealing that the diffusion coefficient increases for certain grain orientations and single-grain boundaries. This knowledge provides feedback to improve understanding of the nanoscale mechanisms underpinning lithium-ion battery operation. C1 [Balke, N.; Jesse, S.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Morozovska, A. N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Eliseev, E.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Chung, D. W.; Garcia, R. E.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Y.; Adamczyk, L.; Dudney, N.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Balke, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM balken@ornl.gov; sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Balke, Nina/Q-2505-2015; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Balke, Nina/0000-0001-5865-5892; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ERKCC61]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [CNMS2010-098, CNMS2010-099]; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; NSF [CMMI 0856491] FX Research was sponsored as part of the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number ERKCC61 (N.B., L.A., N.D., S.V.K.) and part of the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy in the projects CNMS2010-098 and CNMS2010-099 (N.B., S.J., I.N.I.). N.B. also acknowledges the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. R.E.G. and D.W.C. are grateful for the support provided by NSF grant CMMI 0856491. NR 21 TC 212 Z9 213 U1 40 U2 353 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 5 IS 10 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.1038/nnano.2010.174 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 659OY UT WOS:000282578000015 PM 20802493 ER PT J AU Choi, H Gkortsas, VM Diehl, L Bour, D Corzine, S Zhu, JT Hofler, G Capasso, F Kartner, FX Norris, TB AF Choi, Hyunyong Gkortsas, Vasileios-Marios Diehl, Laurent Bour, David Corzine, Scott Zhu, Jintian Hoefler, Gloria Capasso, Federico Kaertner, Franz X. Norris, Theodore B. TI Ultrafast Rabi flopping and coherent pulse propagation in a quantum cascade laser SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PULSES; SEMICONDUCTORS; AMPLIFIER; OSCILLATIONS; RESONANCE AB Pulse propagation phenomena are central to ultrashort pulse generation and amplification in lasers(1-5). In the coherent regime, the phase relationship between the pulse and the material transition is preserved, allowing both optical fields and material states to be controlled(6). The most prominent form of coherent manipulation is Rabi flopping(7), a phenomenon well established in few-level absorbers, including atoms and single quantum dots(8-19). However, Rabi flopping is generally much weaker in semiconductors because of strong dephasing in the electronic bands, in contrast to discrete-level systems. Although low-density induced coherent oscillations have been observed in semiconductor absorbers(11,13-20), coherent pulse propagation phenomena in active semiconductor devices have not been observed. In this Letter, we explore coherent pulse propagation in an operating quantum cascade laser and directly observe Rabi flopping and coherent pulse reshaping. This work demonstrates the applicability of few-level models for quantum cascade lasers and may stimulate novel approaches to short pulse generation(21,22). C1 [Choi, Hyunyong; Norris, Theodore B.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Choi, Hyunyong; Norris, Theodore B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Choi, Hyunyong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gkortsas, Vasileios-Marios; Kaertner, Franz X.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gkortsas, Vasileios-Marios; Kaertner, Franz X.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Diehl, Laurent; Capasso, Federico] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bour, David; Corzine, Scott; Zhu, Jintian; Hoefler, Gloria] Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Choi, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kaertner@mit.edu; tnorris@eecs.umich.edu FU US Army Research Office; Center for Nanoscale System (CNS) at Harvard University; National Science Foundation FX Studies at the University of Michigan and MIT were supported by US Army Research Office. The authors acknowledge support from the Center for Nanoscale System (CNS) at Harvard University (Harvard-CNS is a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, NNIN). The Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NERC) at Harvard University, funded by the National Science Foundation, is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD OCT PY 2010 VL 4 IS 10 BP 706 EP 710 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.205 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 665CN UT WOS:000283012800014 ER PT J AU Lammert, PE Ke, XL Li, J Nisoli, C Garand, DM Crespi, VH Schiffer, P AF Lammert, Paul E. Ke, Xianglin Li, Jie Nisoli, Cristiano Garand, David M. Crespi, Vincent H. Schiffer, Peter TI Direct entropy determination and application to artificial spin ice SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; GRANULAR MEDIA; LOCAL-STATES; MODELS; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; LATTICE AB From thermodynamic origins, the concept of entropy has expanded to a range of statistical measures of uncertainty, which may still be thermodynamically significant(1,2). However, laboratory measurements of entropy continue to rely on direct measurements of heat. New technologies that can map out myriads of microscopic degrees of freedom suggest direct determination of configurational entropy by counting in systems where it is thermodynamically inaccessible, such as granular(3-8) and colloidal(9-13) materials, proteins(14) and lithographically fabricated nanometre-scale arrays. Here, we demonstrate a conditional-probability technique to calculate entropy densities of translation-invariant states on lattices using limited configuration data on small clusters, and apply it to arrays of interacting nanometre-scale magnetic islands (artificial spin ice)(15). Models for statistically disordered systems can be assessed by applying the method to relative entropy densities. For artificial spin ice, this analysis shows that nearest-neighbour correlations drive longer-range ones. C1 [Lammert, Paul E.; Ke, Xianglin; Li, Jie; Nisoli, Cristiano; Garand, David M.; Crespi, Vincent H.; Schiffer, Peter] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lammert, Paul E.; Ke, Xianglin; Li, Jie; Nisoli, Cristiano; Garand, David M.; Crespi, Vincent H.; Schiffer, Peter] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nisoli, Cristiano] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS & T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nisoli, Cristiano] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lammert, PE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pel1@psu.edu RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Li, Jie/L-5091-2013; Li, Jie/D-9021-2014; OI Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549; Crespi, Vincent/0000-0003-3846-3193; Nisoli, Cristiano/0000-0003-0053-1023 FU Army Research Office; National Science Foundation [DMR-0820404]; National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network FX We acknowledge the financial support from the Army Research Office and the National Science Foundation MRSEC program (DMR-0820404) and the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network. We thank C. Leighton and M. Erickson for permalloy growth. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 10 BP 786 EP 789 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1728 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672GC UT WOS:000283570000021 ER PT J AU Dray, E Etchin, J Wiese, C Saro, D Williams, GJ Hammel, M Yu, X Galkin, VE Liu, DQ Tsai, MS Sy, SMH Schild, D Egelman, E Chen, JJ Sung, P AF Dray, Eloiese Etchin, Julia Wiese, Claudia Saro, Dorina Williams, Gareth J. Hammel, Michal Yu, Xiong Galkin, Vitold E. Liu, Dongqing Tsai, Miaw-Sheue Sy, Shirley M-H Schild, David Egelman, Edward Chen, Junjie Sung, Patrick TI Enhancement of RAD51 recombinase activity by the tumor suppressor PALB2 SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; BREAST-CANCER; FANCONI-ANEMIA; BRCA2; COMPLEX; PROTEIN; INSTABILITY; CHILDHOOD; MUTATIONS; EXCHANGE AB Homologous recombination mediated by RAD51 recombinase helps eliminate chromosomal lesions, such as DNA double-strand breaks induced by radiation or arising from injured DNA replication forks. The tumor suppressors BRCA2 and PALB2 act together to deliver RAD51 to chromosomal lesions to initiate repair. Here we document a new function of PALB2: to enhance RAD51's ability to form the D loop. We show that PALB2 binds DNA and physically interacts with RAD51. Notably, although PALB2 alone stimulates D-loop formation, it has a cooperative effect with RAD51AP1, an enhancer of RAD51. This stimulation stems from the ability of PALB2 to function with RAD51 and RAD51AP1 to assemble the synaptic complex. Our results demonstrate the multifaceted role of PALB2 in chromosome damage repair. Because PALB2 mutations can cause cancer or Fanconi anemia, our findings shed light on the mechanism of tumor suppression in humans. C1 [Dray, Eloiese; Etchin, Julia; Saro, Dorina; Liu, Dongqing; Sung, Patrick] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Wiese, Claudia; Williams, Gareth J.; Hammel, Michal; Tsai, Miaw-Sheue; Schild, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, Xiong; Galkin, Vitold E.; Egelman, Edward] Univ Virginia, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Sy, Shirley M-H; Chen, Junjie] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Dray, E (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM eloise.dray@yale.edu; patrick.sung@yale.edu RI Dray, Eloise/E-3938-2012; OI Dray, Eloise/0000-0001-6793-9838; Egelman, Edward/0000-0003-4844-5212 FU US National Institutes of Health [RO1CA120315, RO1ES07061, RO1ES015252, RO1ES015632, PO1CA129186, PO1CA92584]; Susan G. Komen for the Cure Foundation [PDF0706844] FX We are grateful to R. Buisson and J.-Y. Masson (Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Quebec) for the communication of results before publication, to S. Begovic, S. Longerich and Y.-C. Kim (Yale University) for assistance, to Y. Kwon (Yale University) for providing ScRad51 protein and to B. Xia (Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Institute of NJ) for providing PALB2-deficient and PALB2-complemented cells, as well as for providing PALB2 antibody. This study was supported by research and program project grants RO1CA120315, RO1ES07061, RO1ES015252, RO1ES015632, PO1CA129186 and PO1CA92584 from the US National Institutes of Health and by postdoctoral fellowship PDF0706844 from the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Foundation. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9993 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1255 EP + DI 10.1038/nsmb.1916 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 659JU UT WOS:000282563600016 PM 20871616 ER PT J AU Scates, DM Hartwell, JK Walter, JB Drigert, MW Harp, JM AF Scates, Dawn M. Hartwell, John K. Walter, John B. Drigert, Mark W. Harp, Jason M. TI Fission product monitoring of TRISO coated fuel for the advanced gas reactor-1 experiment SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2008 CL Washington, DC AB The US Department of Energy has embarked on a series of tests of TRISO coated particle reactor fuel intended for use in the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) as part of the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) program. The AGR-1 TRISO fuel experiment, currently underway, is the first in a series of eight fuel tests planned for irradiation in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The AGR-1 experiment reached a peak compact averaged burnup of 9% FIMA with no known TRISO fuel particle failures in March 2008. The burnup goal for the majority of the fuel compacts is to have a compact averaged burnup greater than 18% FIMA and a minimum compact averaged burnup of 14% FIMA. At the INL the TRISO fuel in the AGR-1 experiment is closely monitored while it is being irradiated in the ATR. The effluent monitoring system used for the AGR-1 fuel is the Fission Product Monitoring System (FPMS). The FPMS is a valuable tool that provides near real-time data indicative of the AGR-1 test fuel performance and incorporates both high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometers and sodium iodide [NaI(Tl)] scintillation detector-based gross radiation monitors. To quantify the fuel performance, release-to-birth ratios (R/B's) of radioactive fission gases are computed. The gamma-ray spectra acquired by the AGR-1 FPMS are analyzed and used to determine the released activities of specific fission gases, while a dedicated detector provides near-real time count rate information. Isotopic build up and depletion calculations provide the associated isotopic birth rates. This paper highlights the features of the FPMS, encompassing the equipment, methods and measures that enable the calculation of the release-to-birth ratios. Some preliminary results from the AGR-1 experiment are also presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scates, Dawn M.; Hartwell, John K.; Walter, John B.; Drigert, Mark W.; Harp, Jason M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Scates, DM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM dawn.scates@inl.gov RI Harp, Jason/K-9289-2013 OI Harp, Jason/0000-0002-5345-8440 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 240 IS 10 BP 2493 EP 2499 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.10.014 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678MD UT WOS:000284079000014 ER PT J AU Tonks, M Gaston, D Perrnann, C Millett, P Hansen, G Wolf, D AF Tonks, Michael Gaston, Derek Perrnann, Cody Millett, Paul Hansen, Glen Wolf, Dieter TI A coupling methodology for mesoscale-informed nuclear fuel performance codes SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2008 CL Washington, DC ID SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS; MODEL AB This study proposes an approach for capturing the effect of microstructural evolution on reactor fuel performance by coupling a mesoscale irradiated microstructure model with a finite element fuel performance code. To achieve this, the macroscale system is solved in a parallel, fully coupled, fully-implicit manner using the preconditioned Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method. Within the JFNK solution algorithm, microstructure-influenced material parameters are calculated by the mesoscale model and passed back to the macroscale calculation. Due to the stochastic nature of the mesoscale model, a dynamic fitting technique is implemented to smooth roughness in the calculated material parameters. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a simple model of a reactor fuel pellet. In the model, INL's BISON fuel performance code calculates the steady-state temperature profile in a fuel pellet and the microstructure-influenced thermal conductivity is determined with a phase field model of irradiated microstructures. This simple multiscale model demonstrates good nonlinear convergence and near ideal parallel scalability. By capturing the formation of large mesoscale voids in the pellet interior, the multiscale model predicted the irradiation-induced reduction in the thermal conductivity commonly observed in reactors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tonks, Michael; Perrnann, Cody; Wolf, Dieter] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tonks, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Michael.Tonks@inl.gov; Derek.Gaston@inl.gov; Cody.Permann@inl.gov; Paul.Millett@inl.gov; Glen.Hansen@inl.gov; Dieter.Wolf@inl.gov OI Hansen, Glen/0000-0002-1786-9285 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 240 IS 10 BP 2877 EP 2883 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.06.005 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678MD UT WOS:000284079000061 ER PT J AU Oh, C Kim, E Schultz, R Patterson, M Petti, D Kang, H AF Oh, Chang Kim, Eung Schultz, Richard Patterson, Mike Petti, David Kang, Hyung TI Comprehensive thermal hydraulics research of the very high temperature gas cooled reactor SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2008 CL Washington, DC ID DESIGN-FEATURES AB The Idaho National Laboratory (INL), under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, is conducting research on the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) design concept for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Project. The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor that will produce electricity and hydrogen in a highly efficient manner. The NGNP reactor core will be either a prismatic graphite block type core or a pebble bed core. The NGNP will use very high-burnup, low-enriched uranium, TRISO-coated fuel, and have a projected plant design service life of 60 years. The VHTR concept is considered to be the nearest-term reactor design that has the capability to efficiently produce hydrogen. The plant size, reactor thermal power, and core configuration will ensure passive decay heat removal without fuel damage or radioactive material releases during reactor core-accidents. The objectives of the NGNP Project are to: Demonstrate a full-scale prototype VHTR that is commercially licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Demonstrate safe and economical nuclear-assisted production of hydrogen and electricity. The DOE laboratories, led by the INL, perform research and development (R&D) that will be critical to the success of the NGNP, primarily in the areas of: high temperature gas reactor fuels behaviour, high temperature materials qualification, design methods development and validation, hydrogen production technologies energy conversion. This paper presents current R&D work that addresses fundamental thermal hydraulics issues that are relevant to a variety of possible NGNP designs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oh, Chang; Kim, Eung; Schultz, Richard; Patterson, Mike; Petti, David] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Kang, Hyung] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. RP Oh, C (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Chang.Oh@inl.gov OI Patterson, Michael/0000-0002-8698-3284 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 240 IS 10 BP 3361 EP 3371 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.07.007 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 678MD UT WOS:000284079000107 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Smith, MA Lee, CH Wollaber, A Kaushik, D Mohamed, AS AF Yang, W. S. Smith, M. A. Lee, C. H. Wollaber, A. Kaushik, D. Mohamed, A. S. TI NEUTRONICS MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SHARP FOR FAST REACTOR ANALYSIS SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neutron Transport; Simulation; Multigroup Cross Section; Fast Reactor ID PROBABILITY TABLE METHOD; CRITICALITY CALCULATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANSPORT AB This paper presents the neutronics modeling capabilities of the fast reactor simulation system SHARP, which ANL is developing as part of the U.S. DOE's NEAMS program. We discuss the three transport solvers (PN2ND, SN2ND, and MOCFE) implemented in the UNIC code along with the multigroup cross section generation code MC2-3. We describe the solution methods and modeling capabilities, and discuss the improvement needs for each solver, focusing on massively parallel computation. We present the performance test results against various benchmark problems and ZPR-6 and ZPPR critical experiments. We also discuss weak and strong scalability results for the SN2ND solver on the ZPR-6 critical assembly benchmarks. C1 [Yang, W. S.; Smith, M. A.; Lee, C. H.; Wollaber, A.; Kaushik, D.; Mohamed, A. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, WS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wyang@anl.gov OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023; Wollaber, Allan/0000-0001-5997-9610 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN NUCLEAR SOC PI DAEJEON PA NUTOPIA BLDG, 342-1 JANGDAE-DONG, DAEJEON, 305-308, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5733 J9 NUCL ENG TECHNOL JI Nucl. Eng. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 520 EP 545 PG 26 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 684NK UT WOS:000284556400003 ER PT J AU Amendt, P Milovich, J Perkins, LJ Robey, H AF Amendt, Peter Milovich, Jose Perkins, L. John Robey, Harry TI An indirect-drive non-cryogenic double-shell path to 1 omega Nd-laser hybrid inertial fusion-fission energy SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID IGNITION; FACILITY; TARGETS AB Ahigh-yield, room temperature, double-shell target design using a Nd : glass laser driver at the fundamental frequency 1 omega is developed for hybrid inertial fusion-fission energy generation (Moses et al 2009 Fusion Sci. Technol. 56 547). The associated 4-10 x fission energy gain relaxes the gain requirements of the fusion driver, enabling the prospect of a volume-ignition target with high thermonuclear burn fraction, simplified (1 omega) laser operations from a quasi-impulsive power history, room temperature fielding, minimal shock-timing requirements and reduced risk of plasma-mediated laser backscatter with a vacuum hohlraum. C1 [Amendt, Peter; Milovich, Jose; Perkins, L. John; Robey, Harry] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Amendt, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 10 AR 105006 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/10/105006 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 650OQ UT WOS:000281859300007 ER PT J AU Chapman, IT Buttery, RJ Coda, S Gerhardt, S Graves, JP Howell, DF Isayama, A La Haye, RJ Liu, Y Maget, P Maraschek, M Sabbagh, S Sauter, O AF Chapman, I. T. Buttery, R. J. Coda, S. Gerhardt, S. Graves, J. P. Howell, D. F. Isayama, A. La Haye, R. J. Liu, Y. Maget, P. Maraschek, M. Sabbagh, S. Sauter, O. CA ASDEX Upgrade Contributors DIII D Contributors HL 2A Contributors JT 60U Contributors MAST Contributors NSTX Contributors TCV Contributors Tore Supra Teams Contributors JET EFDA Contributors TI Empirical scaling of sawtooth period for onset of neoclassical tearing modes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC ISLANDS; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; MHD ACTIVITY; TOKAMAK; DISCHARGES; BETA; PERTURBATIONS; STABILIZATION; CURVATURE; PLASMA AB Experimental observations from a range of tokamaks show that neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) are triggered at lower plasma pressure when the sawtooth period is longer. A multi-machine database from nine tokamaks has been established in order to extrapolate the acceptable sawtooth period to avoid triggering NTMs in ITER. It is found that the governing physics is best compared between machines by normalizing the sawtooth period to the resistive diffusion time and using the normalized beta as a measure of performance and global stability. A multi-parameter power scaling is determined from regression analysis of the complete dataset and compared favourably with experimental data from a number of machines. C1 [Chapman, I. T.; Howell, D. F.] EURATOM, CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Buttery, R. J.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. [Coda, S.; Graves, J. P.; Sauter, O.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Gerhardt, S.] Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Isayama, A.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka Ku, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Liu, Y.] SW Inst Phys, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Maget, P.] IRFM, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Maraschek, M.] EURATOM Ass, MPI Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Sabbagh, S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. RP Chapman, IT (reprint author), EURATOM, CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Decker, Joan/B-7779-2010 OI Decker, Joan/0000-0003-0220-2653 FU United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G003955]; European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE; US DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-99ER54524] FX IC gratefully acknowledges useful discussions with Drs J.W. Connor, R.J. Hastie and T.C. Hender. This work was conducted under the auspices of the ITPA MHD Stability Topical Group. This work was partly funded by the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant EP/G003955, the European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE and supported in part by US DOE under contracts DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-FG02-99ER54524. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 10 AR 102001 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/10/102001 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 650OQ UT WOS:000281859300001 ER PT J AU Darrow, DS Isobe, M Kondo, T Sasao, M AF Darrow, D. S. Isobe, M. Kondo, Takashi Sasao, M. CA CHS Grp TI Measurements of beam ion loss from the Compact Helical System SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID FUSION PRODUCTS; STELLARATOR; TFTR AB Neutral beam ion loss from the Compact Helical System (CHS) has been measured with a scintillator-type probe. The total loss to the probe as well as the pitch angle and gyroradius distributions of that loss have been measured as various plasma parameters were scanned. Three classes of beam ion losses were observed at the probe position: passing ions with pitch angles within 10 degrees of those of transition orbits, ions on transition orbits (as would be expected from these orbits, which have large deviations from their starting flux surfaces) and ions on trapped orbits, typically 15 degrees or more from transition orbits. Some orbit calculations in this magnetic geometry have been performed in order to understand the characteristics of the loss. Simulation of the detector signal based upon the following of orbits from realistic beam deposition profiles is not able to reproduce the pitch angle distribution of the losses measured. Consequently it is conjectured that internal plasma processes induce their loss. C1 [Darrow, D. S.; Isobe, M.; Sasao, M.; CHS Grp] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Kondo, Takashi] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. RP Darrow, DS (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ddarrow@pppl.gov FU US DoE [DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX One author, DSD, wishes to acknowledge the considerable hospitality shown by the staff of the National Institute for Fusion Science during this work. The interest and support by Professor A. Iiyoshi, Drs K. Matsuoka, S. Okamura and T. Watari of NIFS and Professor R. Goldston of PPPL are greatly appreciated. This work was supported by the US DoE contract numbers DE-AC02-76CH03073 and DE-AC02-09CH11466. The authors are indebted to one of the referees for pointing out that the loss rate variation in figure 3 is best explained by the degree to which the magnetic configuration matches or deviates from sigma optimization. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 10 AR 105009 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/10/105009 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 650OQ UT WOS:000281859300010 ER PT J AU Garzotti, L Baylor, L Kochl, F Pegourie, B Valovic, M Axon, KB Dowling, J Gurl, C Maddison, GP Nehme, H O'Gorman, T Patel, A Price, M Scannell, R Walsh, M AF Garzotti, L. Baylor, L. Koechl, F. Pegourie, B. Valovic, M. Axon, K. B. Dowling, J. Gurl, C. Maddison, G. P. Nehme, H. O'Gorman, T. Patel, A. Price, M. Scannell, R. Walsh, M. TI Observation and analysis of pellet material del B drift on MAST SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID INJECTION EXPERIMENTS; FIELD SIDE; ABLATION; TOKAMAK; DEPOSITION; PLASMAS AB Pellet material deposited in a tokamak plasma experiences a drift towards the low field side of the torus induced by the magnetic field gradient. Plasma fuelling in ITER relies on the beneficial effect of this drift to increase the pellet deposition depth and fuelling efficiency. It is therefore important to analyse this phenomenon in present machines to improve the understanding of the del B induced drift and the accuracy of the predictions for ITER. This paper presents a detailed analysis of pellet material drift in MAST pellet injection experiments based on the unique diagnostic capabilities available on this machine and compares the observations with predictions of state-of-the-art ablation and deposition codes. C1 [Garzotti, L.; Valovic, M.; Axon, K. B.; Dowling, J.; Gurl, C.; Maddison, G. P.; O'Gorman, T.; Patel, A.; Price, M.; Scannell, R.; Walsh, M.] Culham Sci Ctr, EURATOM, CCFE Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Baylor, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Koechl, F.] Austrian Acad Sci, EURATOM Assoc, Vienna, Austria. [Pegourie, B.; Nehme, H.] CEA IRFM, EURATOM Assoc, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Walsh, M.] ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Garzotti, L (reprint author), Culham Sci Ctr, EURATOM, CCFE Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM luca.garzotti@ccfe.ac.uk FU United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G003955]; European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE FX This work was funded jointly by the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant EP/G003955 and by the European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 10 AR 105002 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/10/105002 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 650OQ UT WOS:000281859300003 ER PT J AU Kolemen, E Gates, DA Rowley, CW Kasdin, NJ Kallman, J Gerhardt, S Soukhanovskii, V Mueller, D AF Kolemen, E. Gates, D. A. Rowley, C. W. Kasdin, N. J. Kallman, J. Gerhardt, S. Soukhanovskii, V. Mueller, D. TI Strike point control for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE; PROGRESS AB This paper presents the first control algorithm for the inner- and outer-strike point position for a Spherical Torus (ST) fusion experiment and the performance analysis of the controller. Aliquid lithium divertor (LLD) will be installed on NSTX which is believed to provide better pumping than lithium coatings on carbon PFCs. The shape of the plasma dictates the pumping rate of the lithium by channelling the plasma to LLD, where the strike point location is the most important shape parameter. Simulations show that the density reduction depends on the proximity of the strike point to LLD. Experiments were performed to study the dynamics of the strike point, design a new controller to change the location of the strike point to the desired location and stabilize it. The most effective poloidal field (PF) coils in changing inner-and outer-strike points were identified using equilibrium code. The PF coil inputs were changed in a step fashion between various set points and the step response of the strike point position was obtained. From the analysis of the step responses, proportional-integral-derivative controllers for the strike points were obtained and the controller was tuned experimentally for better performance. The strike controller was extended to include the outer-strike point on the inner plate to accommodate the desired low outer-strike points for the experiment with the aim of achieving 'snowflake' divertor configuration in NSTX. C1 [Kolemen, E.; Gates, D. A.; Kallman, J.; Gerhardt, S.; Soukhanovskii, V.; Mueller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Rowley, C. W.; Kasdin, N. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kolemen, E (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Rowley, Clarence/F-9068-2013 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Grant under contract number DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 50 IS 10 AR 105010 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/10/105010 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 650OQ UT WOS:000281859300011 ER PT J AU Xu, WC Ben-Zvi, I Calaga, R Hahn, H Johnson, EC Kewisch, J AF Xu, Wencan Ben-Zvi, I. Calaga, R. Hahn, H. Johnson, E. C. Kewisch, J. TI High current cavity design at BNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Superconducting cavity; High current ERL; Higher order modes; Beam beak up ID LINACS AB In order to meet the requirements of high average current accelerators, such as the Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) at CERN and the electron-ion collider, (MeRHIC) at BNL, a high current 5-cell Nb superconducting cavity, called BNL3 cavity, was optimized and designed. The optimization process aimed at maximizing the R/Q of the fundamental mode and the geometry factor G under an acceptable RF field level of B(peak)/E(acc) or E(peak)/E(acc). In addition, a pivotal consideration for the high current accelerators is efficient damping of dangerous Higher-Order Modes (HOM) to avoid inducing emittance degradation, cryogenic loading or Beam-Break-Up (BBU). To transport the HOMs out of the cavity, the BNL3 cavity employs a larger beam pipe, allowing the propagation of HOMs but not the fundamental mode. Moreover, concerning the BBU effect, the BNL3 cavity is aimed at low (R/Q)Q(ext) for dangerous modes, including dipole modes and quadrupole modes. This paper presents the design of the BNL3 cavity, including the optimization for the fundamental mode, and the BBU limitation for dipole and quadrupole modes. The BBU simulation results show that the designed cavity is qualified for high-current, multi-pass machines such as MeRHIC and by-product light source. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xu, Wencan; Ben-Zvi, I.; Calaga, R.; Hahn, H.; Johnson, E. C.; Kewisch, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ben-Zvi, I.; Johnson, E. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Xu, WC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wxu@bnl.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-SC0002496] FX This work is supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US DOE, and award no. DE-SC0002496 to Stony Brook University with the US DOE. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.245 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300003 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Fischbach, E Buncher, JB Greene, GL Jenkins, JH Krause, DE Mattes, JJ Yue, A AF Lindstrom, R. M. Fischbach, E. Buncher, J. B. Greene, G. L. Jenkins, J. H. Krause, D. E. Mattes, J. J. Yue, A. TI Study of the dependence of Au-198 half-life on source geometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Beta decays; Neutrinos; Nuclear decay lifetimes ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; DECAY AB We report the results of an experiment to determine whether the half-life of Au-198 depends on the shape of the source. This study was motivated by recent suggestions that nuclear decay rates may be affected by solar activity, perhaps arising from solar neutrinos. If this were the case then the beta-decay rates, or half-lives, of a thin foil sample and a spherical sample of gold of the same mass and activity could be different. We find for Au-198, (T-1/2)(foil)/(T-1/2)sphere = 0.999 +/- 0.002, where T-1/2 is the mean half-life. The maximum neutrino flux at the sample in our experiments was several times greater than the flux of solar neutrinos at the surface of the Earth. We show that this increase in flux leads to a significant improvement in the limits that can be inferred on a possible solar contribution to nuclear decays. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fischbach, E.; Buncher, J. B.; Jenkins, J. H.; Krause, D. E.; Mattes, J. J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lindstrom, R. M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Greene, G. L.; Yue, A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Greene, G. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Krause, D. E.] Wabash Coll, Dept Phys, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Jenkins, JH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, 400 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jere@purdue.edu RI Krause, Dennis/O-3170-2013; OI Yue, Andrew/0000-0001-5340-8470 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.270 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300012 ER PT J AU Lighthall, JC Back, BB Baker, SI Freeman, SJ Lee, HY Kay, BP Marley, ST Rehm, KE Rohrer, JE Schiffer, JP Shetty, DV Vann, AW Winkelbauer, JR Wuosmaa, AH AF Lighthall, J. C. Back, B. B. Baker, S. I. Freeman, S. J. Lee, H. Y. Kay, B. P. Marley, S. T. Rehm, K. E. Rohrer, J. E. Schiffer, J. P. Shetty, D. V. Vann, A. W. Winkelbauer, J. R. Wuosmaa, A. H. TI Commissioning of the HELIOS spectrometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Spectrometer; Inverse kinematics; Transfer reactions; Solenoid ID INVERSE KINEMATICS; ARRAY AB This paper describes the implementation and commissioning of a device based on a new concept for measurements of nuclear reactions in inverse kinematics. The HELIcal Orbit Spectrometer, HELIOS, was commissioned at Argonne National Laboratory by studying the (28)si(d,p)Si-29 reaction in inverse kinematics. This experiment served as a proof of principle for this previously untested concept, and was used to verify the response and performance characteristics of HELIOS. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lighthall, J. C.; Marley, S. T.; Shetty, D. V.; Winkelbauer, J. R.; Wuosmaa, A. H.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Lighthall, J. C.; Back, B. B.; Baker, S. I.; Lee, H. Y.; Kay, B. P.; Marley, S. T.; Rehm, K. E.; Rohrer, J. E.; Schiffer, J. P.; Vann, A. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Freeman, S. J.] Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Lighthall, JC (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM jonathan.c.lighthall@wmich.edu RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Kay, Benjamin/F-3291-2011 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Kay, Benjamin/0000-0002-7438-0208 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-04ER41320, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts DE-FG02-04ER41320 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.220 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300013 ER PT J AU Argyriades, J Arnold, R Augier, C Baker, J Barabash, AS Basharina-Freshville, A Bongrand, M Bourgeois, C Breton, D Briere, M Broudin-Bay, G Brudanin, VB Caffrey, AJ Carcel, S Cebrian, S Chapon, A Chauveau, E Dafni, T Diaz, J Durand, D Egorov, VG Evans, JJ Flack, R Fushima, KI Irastorza, IG Garrido, X Gomez, H Guillon, B Holin, A Hommet, J Holy, K Horkey, JJ Hubert, P Hugon, C Iguaz, FJ Ishihara, N Jackson, CM Jenzer, S Jullian, S Kauer, M Kochetov, OI Konovalov, SI Kovalenko, V Lamhamdi, T Lang, K Lemiere, Y Lutter, G Luzon, G Mamedov, F Marquet, C Mauger, F Monrabal, F Nachab, A Nasteva, I Nemchenok, IB Nguyen, CH Nomachi, M Nova, F Ohsumi, H Pahlka, RB Perrot, F Piquemal, F Povinec, PP Richards, B Ricol, JS Riddle, CL Rodriguez, A Saakyan, R Sarazin, X Sedgbeer, JK Serra, L Shitov, YA Simard, L Simkovic, F Soldner-Rembold, S Stekl, I Sutton, CS Tamagawa, Y Szklarz, G Thomas, J Thompson, R Timkin, V Tretyak, V Tretyak, VI Umatov, VI Vala, L Vanyushin, IA Vasiliev, R Vasiliev, VA Vorobel, V Waters, D Yahlali, N Zukauskas, A AF Argyriades, J. Arnold, R. Augier, C. Baker, J. Barabash, A. S. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bongrand, M. Bourgeois, C. Breton, D. Briere, M. Broudin-Bay, G. Brudanin, V. B. Caffrey, A. J. Carcel, S. Cebrian, S. Chapon, A. Chauveau, E. Dafni, Th Diaz, J. Durand, D. Egorov, V. G. Evans, J. J. Flack, R. Fushima, K-I Irastorza, I. G. Garrido, X. Gomez, H. Guillon, B. Holin, A. Hommet, J. Holy, K. Horkey, J. J. Hubert, P. Hugon, C. Iguaz, F. J. Ishihara, N. Jackson, C. M. Jenzer, S. Jullian, S. Kauer, M. Kochetov, O. I. Konovalov, S. I. Kovalenko, V. Lamhamdi, T. Lang, K. Lemiere, Y. Lutter, G. Luzon, G. Mamedov, F. Marquet, Ch. Mauger, F. Monrabal, F. Nachab, A. Nasteva, I. Nemchenok, I. B. Nguyen, C. H. Nomachi, M. Nova, F. Ohsumi, H. Pahlka, R. B. Perrot, F. Piquemal, F. Povinec, P. P. Richards, B. Ricol, J. S. Riddle, C. L. Rodriguez, A. Saakyan, R. Sarazin, X. Sedgbeer, J. K. Serra, L. Shitov, Yu. A. Simard, L. Simkovic, F. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Stekl, I. Sutton, C. S. Tamagawa, Y. Szklarz, G. Thomas, J. Thompson, R. Timkin, V. Tretyak, V. Tretyak, Vl I. Umatov, V. I. Vala, L. Vanyushin, I. A. Vasiliev, R. Vasiliev, V. A. Vorobel, V. Waters, D. Yahlali, N. Zukauskas, A. TI Results of the BiPo-1 prototype for radiopurity measurements for the SuperNEMO double beta decay source foils SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Double beta decay; NEMO-3; SuperNEMO; BiPo; Majorana neutrino; Radiopurity ID RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; PHOSWICH DETECTORS; NEMO-3 EXPERIMENT; MO-100 AB The development of BiPo detectors is dedicated to the measurement of extremely high radiopurity in (208)TI and (214)Bi for the SuperNEMO double beta decay source foils. A modular prototype, called BiPo-1, with 0.8 m(2) of sensitive surface area, has been running in the Modane Underground Laboratory since February, 2008. The goal of BiPo-1 is to measure the different components of the background and in particular the surface radiopurity of the plastic scintillators that make up the detector. The first phase of data collection has been dedicated to the measurement of the radiopurity in (208)TI. After more than one year of background measurement, a surface activity of the scintillators of A((208)TI) = 1.5 mu Bq/m(2) is reported here. Given this level of background, a larger BiPo detector having 12 m(2) of active surface area, is able to qualify the radiopurity of the SuperNEMO selenium double beta decay foils with the required sensitivity of A((208)TI) <2 mu Bq/kg (90% CL.) with a six month measurement. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Argyriades, J.; Augier, C.; Bongrand, M.; Bourgeois, C.; Breton, D.; Briere, M.; Broudin-Bay, G.; Garrido, X.; Jenzer, S.; Jullian, S.; Sarazin, X.; Simard, L.; Szklarz, G.] Univ Paris 11, LAL, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Arnold, R.; Kovalenko, V.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. [Baker, J.; Caffrey, A. J.; Horkey, J. J.; Riddle, C. L.] INL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Barabash, A. S.; Konovalov, S. I.; Umatov, V. I.; Vanyushin, I. A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Basharina-Freshville, A.; Evans, J. J.; Flack, R.; Holin, A.; Kauer, M.; Richards, B.; Saakyan, R.; Thomas, J.; Vasiliev, V. A.; Waters, D.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Brudanin, V. B.; Egorov, V. G.; Kochetov, O. I.; Kovalenko, V.; Nemchenok, I. B.; Timkin, V.; Tretyak, V.; Vasiliev, R.] Joint Inst Neear Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Carcel, S.; Diaz, J.; Monrabal, F.; Serra, L.; Yahlali, N.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [Cebrian, S.; Dafni, Th; Irastorza, I. G.; Gomez, H.; Iguaz, F. J.; Luzon, G.; Rodriguez, A.] Univ Zaragoza, Inst Fis Nucl & Altos Energias, Zaragoza, Spain. [Chapon, A.; Durand, D.; Guillon, B.; Hommet, J.; Lemiere, Y.; Mauger, F.] Univ Caen, CNRS, ENSICAEN, LPC Caen,IN2P3, F-14032 Caen, France. [Chauveau, E.; Hubert, P.; Hugon, C.; Lutter, G.; Marquet, Ch.; Nachab, A.; Nguyen, C. H.; Perrot, F.; Piquemal, F.; Ricol, J. S.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Chauveau, E.; Hubert, P.; Hugon, C.; Lutter, G.; Marquet, Ch.; Nachab, A.; Nguyen, C. H.; Perrot, F.; Piquemal, F.; Ricol, J. S.] Univ Bordeaux, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Jackson, C. M.; Nasteva, I.; Soeldner-Rembold, S.; Thompson, R.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Fushima, K-I] Univ Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan. [Holy, K.; Povinec, P. P.; Simkovic, F.] Comenius Univ, FMFI, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovakia. [Ishihara, N.] KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lamhamdi, T.] USMBA, Fes, Morocco. [Lang, K.; Pahlka, R. B.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mamedov, F.; Stekl, I.; Vala, L.] Czech Tech Univ, IEAP, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic. [Nomachi, M.] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. [Nova, F.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Ohsumi, H.] Saga Univ, Saga 8408502, Japan. [Sedgbeer, J. K.; Shitov, Yu. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Sutton, C. S.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Tamagawa, Y.] Univ Fukui, Fukui, Japan. [Tretyak, Vl I.] MSP, INR, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Vorobel, V.; Zukauskas, A.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Sarazin, X (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, LAL, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM sarazin@lal.in2p3.fr RI Diaz, Jose/B-3454-2012; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Shitov, Yuri/J-2318-2012; Dafni, Theopisti /J-9646-2012; Nemchenok, Igor/F-9715-2014; YAHLALI, NADIA/L-1880-2014; Nasteva, Irina/M-8764-2014; Evans, Justin/P-4981-2014; Vala, Ladislav/L-4938-2016; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016; Iguaz Gutierrez, Francisco Jose/F-4117-2016; OI Diaz, Jose/0000-0002-7239-223X; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Dafni, Theopisti /0000-0002-8921-910X; YAHLALI, NADIA/0000-0003-2184-0132; Nasteva, Irina/0000-0001-7115-7214; Evans, Justin/0000-0003-4697-3337; Iguaz Gutierrez, Francisco Jose/0000-0001-6327-9369; Povinec, Pavel/0000-0003-0275-794X; Riddle, Catherine/0000-0002-9667-7707; Tretyak, Vladimir/0000-0002-2369-0679 FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-06-BLAN-0299]; Spanish MICINN [FPA2007-62833, FPA2008-03456, FPA2006-12120-003]; Russian RFBR [09-02-00737]; UK STFC FX The authors would like to thank the Modane Underground Laboratory staff for their technical support in running BiPo-1, and the IN2P3 Computing Center in Lyon for its software and computing support. This work was supported by the French Grant ANR-06-BLAN-0299 funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, by the Spanish MICINN for the FPA2007-62833, FPA2008-03456 and FPA2006-12120-003 contracts, part of which comes from FEDER funds, by the Russian RFBR 09-02-00737 Grant and by the UK STFC. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.07.037 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300016 ER PT J AU Van Haarlem, Y Meyer, CA Barbosa, F Dey, B Lawrence, D Razmyslovich, V Smith, E Visser, G Whitlatch, T Wilkin, G Zihlmann, B AF Van Haarlem, Y. Meyer, C. A. Barbosa, F. Dey, B. Lawrence, D. Razmyslovich, V. Smith, E. Visser, G. Whitlatch, T. Wilkin, G. Zihlmann, B. TI The GlueX central drift chamber: Design and performance SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE GlueX; Straw tube drift chambers; Straw tube ID DETECTOR COLLABORATION EXPERIMENT; ALUMINIZED MYLAR TUBES; VERTEX CHAMBER; TRACKING SYSTEM; STRAW CHAMBER; CONSTRUCTION; SPECTROMETER; PROTOTYPE AB Tests and studies concerning the design and performance of the GlueX Central Drift Chamber (CDC) are presented. A full-scale prototype was built to test and steer the mechanical and electronic design. Small scale prototypes were constructed to test for sagging and to do timing and resolution studies of the detector. These studies were used to choose the gas mixture and to program a Monte Carlo simulation that can predict the detector response in an external magnetic field. Particle identification and charge division possibilities were also investigated. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Haarlem, Y.; Meyer, C. A.; Dey, B.; Wilkin, G.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Barbosa, F.; Lawrence, D.; Razmyslovich, V.; Smith, E.; Whitlatch, T.; Zihlmann, B.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Visser, G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Van Haarlem, Y (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM yvesvanhaarlem@cmu.edu RI Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014 OI Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-87ER40315, DE-AC05-060R23177] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy (under Grant no. DE-FG02-87ER40315) and Jefferson Science Associates, LLC operated Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-060R23177. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.272 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300020 ER PT J AU Bennett, JV Kornicer, M Shepherd, MR Ito, MM AF Bennett, J. V. Kornicer, M. Shepherd, M. R. Ito, M. M. TI Precision timing measurement of phototube pulses using a flash analog-to-digital converter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Flash ADC; Calorimeter; Time resolution; PMT pulse AB We present the timing characteristics of the flash ADC readout of the GlueX forward calorimeter, which depends on precise measurement of arrival time of pulses from FEU 84-3 photomultiplier tubes to suppress backgrounds. The tests presented were performed using two different 250 MHz prototype flash ADC devices, one with eight-bit and one with 12-bit sampling depth. All measured time resolutions were better than 1 ns, independent of signal size, which is the design goal for the GlueX forward calorimeter. For pulses with an amplitude of 100 mV the timing resolution is 0.57 +/- 0.18 ns, while for 500 mV pulses it is 0.24 +/- 0.08 ns. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bennett, J. V.; Kornicer, M.; Shepherd, M. R.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ito, M. M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shepherd, MR (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM mashephe@indiana.edu OI Bennett, Jake/0000-0002-5440-2668 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER41374]; Jefferson Science Associates; United States Department of Energy [DE-ACO5-060R23177] FX We would like to acknowledge the members of the Jefferson Lab electronics and data acquisition group who have supported instrumentation used in this study: D. Abbott, F. Barbosa, C. Cuevas, H. Dong, E. Jastrzembski, B. Raydo, and E. Wolin. P. Smith of Indiana University both designed and provided support for the eight-bit FADC that was used in these studies. This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Contract DE-FG02-05ER41374. Jefferson Science Associates, LLC operated Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO5-060R23177. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.216 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300033 ER PT J AU Angstadt, R Bagby, L Bean, A Bolton, T Buchholz, D Butler, D Christofek, L Cooper, WE Daly, CH Demarteau, M Foglesong, J Gerber, CE Gonzalez, H Green, J Guldenman, H Hanagaki, K Herner, K Howell, J Hrycyk, M Johnson, M Kirby, M Krempetz, K Kuykendall, W Lehner, F Lipton, R Lubatti, HJ Markley, D Matulik, M McCarthy, RL Nomerotski, A Olis, D Orlov, Y Garzon, GJOY Roman, M Rucinski, R Schultz, K Shabalina, E Smith, RP Strom, D Taylor, RD Tsybychev, D Tuttle, M Utes, M Wang, J Weber, M Wesson, T Youn, SW Zhou, T Zieminski, A AF Angstadt, R. Bagby, L. Bean, A. Bolton, T. Buchholz, D. Butler, D. Christofek, L. Cooper, W. E. Daly, C. H. Demarteau, M. Foglesong, J. Gerber, C. E. Gonzalez, H. Green, J. Guldenman, H. Hanagaki, K. Herner, K. Howell, J. Hrycyk, M. Johnson, M. Kirby, M. Krempetz, K. Kuykendall, W. Lehner, F. Lipton, R. Lubatti, H. J. Markley, D. Matulik, M. McCarthy, R. L. Nomerotski, A. Olis, D. Orlov, Y. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Roman, M. Rucinski, R. Schultz, K. Shabalina, E. Smith, R. P. Strom, D. Taylor, R. D. Tsybychev, D. Tuttle, M. Utes, M. Wang, J. Weber, M. Wesson, T. Youn, S. W. Zhou, T. Zieminski, A. TI The layer 0 inner silicon detector of the D0 experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon fiber; Support structure; D0; Silicon microstrip tracker; Layer 0; Tevatron ID READOUT CHIP; SVX4 AB This paper describes the design, fabrication, installation and performance of the new inner layer called Layer 0 (L0) that was inserted in the existing Run IIa silicon micro-strip tracker (SMT) of the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron (p) over barp collider. L0 provides tracking information from two layers of sensors, which are mounted with center lines at a radial distance of 16.1 and 17.6 mm from the beam axis. The sensors and read-out electronics are mounted on a specially designed and fabricated carbon fiber structure that includes cooling for sensor and read-out electronics. The structure has a thin polyimide circuit bonded to it so that the circuit couples electrically to the carbon fiber allowing the support structure to be used both for detector grounding and a low impedance connection between the remotely mounted hybrids and the sensors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Daly, C. H.; Guldenman, H.; Kuykendall, W.; Lubatti, H. J.; Tuttle, M.; Wang, J.; Zhou, T.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Angstadt, R.; Bagby, L.; Butler, D.; Cooper, W. E.; Demarteau, M.; Foglesong, J.; Gonzalez, H.; Green, J.; Hanagaki, K.; Howell, J.; Hrycyk, M.; Johnson, M.; Krempetz, K.; Lipton, R.; Markley, D.; Matulik, M.; Nomerotski, A.; Olis, D.; Orlov, Y.; Roman, M.; Rucinski, R.; Schultz, K.; Smith, R. P.; Utes, M.; Weber, M.; Wesson, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Buchholz, D.; Kirby, M.; Strom, D.; Youn, S. W.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lehner, F.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Herner, K.; McCarthy, R. L.; Tsybychev, D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zieminski, A.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Bolton, T.; Taylor, R. D.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, A.; Christofek, L.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gerber, C. E.; Otero y Garzon, G. J.; Shabalina, E.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Lubatti, HJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 361560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lubatti@u.washington.edu RI Bolton, Tim/A-7951-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; OI Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Weber, Michele/0000-0002-2770-9031 FU Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation for support during the course of this work and acknowledge the many contributions of the University of Washington Physics Department Machine Shop and the technical staff at the Fermilab SIDET laboratory. We also thank Jim Fast for contributions during the conceptual development of L0 and Meghan Anzelc and Selcuk Cihangir for contributions during the installation. We are grateful to Jon Kotcher, the Runllb upgrade manager, Vivian O'Dell, who replaced him, and George Ginther, for their support and encouragement. We thank our D0 colleagues for providing the supporting infrastructure and for many interesting discussions. NR 11 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 622 IS 1 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.148 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 658YC UT WOS:000282530300044 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Weber, WJ AF Devanathan, Ram Weber, William J. TI Simulation of collision cascades and thermal spikes in ceramics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Ceramics; Radiation damage; Radiation tolerance; Defects; Amorphization ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; RADIATION TOLERANCE; OXIDES; DISPLACEMENT; AMORPHIZATION; DAMAGE AB Classical molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to examine defect production by energetic recoils in UO(2), Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7), Gd(2)Zr(2)O(2) and ZrSiO(4). These atomistic simulations provide details of the nature and size distribution of defect clusters produced in collision cascades. The accommodation of recoil damage by lower energy cation exchange and greater occupation of anion structural vacancies is a contributing factor for the greater radiation tolerance of Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) relative to Gd(2)Ti(2)O(2). In addition, electronic energy loss processes in UO(2) has been modeled in the form of a thermal spike to study the details of track formation and track structure. For thermal spikes with energy deposition of 4 keV/nm in UO(2), a track was not formed and mainly isolated Frenkel pairs were produced. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Devanathan, Ram; Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, MS K8-87, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 2857 EP 2862 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.047 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100002 ER PT J AU Kittiratanawasin, L Smith, R Uberuaga, BP Sickafus, K AF Kittiratanawasin, L. Smith, Roger Uberuaga, B. P. Sickafus, Kurt TI Displacement threshold and Frenkel pair formation energy in ionic systems SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Frenkel pair formation energy; Displacement threshold energy; Ionic systems ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECT ENERGIES; ALKALI-HALIDES; OXIDES; MGO; SIMULATIONS; POTENTIALS AB Displacement threshold energies (E-d) and Frenkel pair formation energies (E-Fp) are investigated in detail by molecular dynamics computer simulation for three different ionic systems with the same crystal structure, MgO, SrO and NaCl in order to see if there is a functional relationship between them. It is found that there are wide variations in the values of E-d depending on the direction in which energy is imparted to a static atom in the lattice. Large values of E-d are found along the major crystallographic directions and lower values elsewhere. Typically these thresholds are between 5 and 9 times bigger than the Frenkel pair formation energies E-Fp with no observable dependence on mass or ion charge. The differences in the interaction potentials also means that for any given direction, there is only limited correlation between values of E-d in the different systems studied and no quantifiable relationship with E-Fp. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kittiratanawasin, L.; Smith, Roger] Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Uberuaga, B. P.; Sickafus, Kurt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, R (reprint author), Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM R.Smith@lboro.ac.uk RI Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 2901 EP 2906 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.04.024 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100012 ER PT J AU Lucca, DA Qi, Y Harriman, TA Prenzel, T Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Dong, J Mehner, A AF Lucca, D. A. Qi, Y. Harriman, T. A. Prenzel, T. Wang, Y. Q. Nastasi, M. Dong, J. Mehner, A. TI Effects of ion irradiation on the mechanical properties of SiNawOxCyHz sol-gel derived thin films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Ion irradiation; Sol-gel; Hybrid organic/inorganic; Nanoindentation; Hardness ID FABRICATION; GLASS AB A study of the effects of ion irradiation of hybrid organic/inorganic modified silicate thin films on their mechanical properties is presented. NaOH catalyzed SiNawOxCyHz thin films were synthesized by sol-gel processing from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) precursors and spin-coated onto Si substrates. After drying at 300 degrees C, the films were irradiated with 125 key H+ or 250 key N2+ at fluences ranging from 1 x 10(14) to 2.5 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). Nanoindentation was used to characterize the films. Changes in hardness and reduced elastic modulus were examined as a function of ion fluence and irradiating species. The resulting increases in hardness and reduced elastic modulus are compared to similarly processed acid catalyzed silicate thin films. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucca, D. A.; Qi, Y.; Harriman, T. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Prenzel, T.; Dong, J.; Mehner, A.] Stiftung Inst Werkstofftech, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Wang, Y. Q.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nastasi, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lucca, DA (reprint author), 218 Engn N, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM lucca@okstate.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 2926 EP 2929 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.010 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100018 ER PT J AU Lang, M Zhang, FX Zhang, JM Wang, JW Lian, J Weber, WJ Schuster, B Trautmann, C Neumann, R Ewing, RC AF Lang, Maik Zhang, Fuxiang Zhang, Jiaming Wang, Jianwei Lian, Jie Weber, William J. Schuster, Beatrice Trautmann, Christina Neumann, R. Ewing, Rodney C. TI Review of A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlore response to irradiation and pressure SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc ID HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; NUCLEAR-WASTE DISPOSAL; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; RADIATION TOLERANCE; BEAM IRRADIATION; OXIDE PYROCHLORES; PLUTONIUM; GD2TI2O7; IMMOBILIZATION; FORM AB This article reviews recent research on swift heavy-ion irradiations and high-pressure studies on pyrochlores of the Gd2Zr2-xTixO7 binary [1-4]. Applying three complementary analytical techniques (synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy) allowed for the investigation of the response of pyrochlore to irradiation and/or pressure. The chemical composition of pyrochlore has a strong effect on the character and energetics of the type of structural modifications that can be obtained under pressure or irradiation: For Ti-rich pyrochlores, the crystalline-to-amorphous transition is the dominant process. When Zr is substituted for Ti, an order-disorder transformation to the defect-fluorite structure becomes the increasingly dominant process. Except for Gd2Zr2O7, single ion tracks in pyrochlore consist of an amorphous core, surrounded by a crystalline, but disordered, defect-fluorite shell. This shell is surrounded by a defect-rich pyrochlore region. In contrast to similar effects observed when pressure or irradiation are applied separately, the response of the pyrochlore structure is significantly different when it is exposed simultaneously to pressure and irradiation. The combination of relativistic heavy ions with high pressure results in the formation of a new metastable pyrochlore phase. TEM and quantum-mechanical calculations suggest that these novel structural modifications are caused by the formation of nanocrystals and the modified energetics of nanomaterials. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lang, Maik; Zhang, Fuxiang; Zhang, Jiaming; Wang, Jianwei; Ewing, Rodney C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lian, Jie] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schuster, Beatrice; Trautmann, Christina; Neumann, R.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Lang, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1006 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mklang@umich.edu RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Lang, Maik/F-9939-2012; Zhang, Jiaming/H-5591-2012; Trautmann, Christina/C-6623-2016; Zhang, Fuxiang/P-7365-2015 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Zhang, Fuxiang/0000-0003-1298-9795 NR 49 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 2951 EP 2959 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.016 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100024 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Jagielski, J Bae, IT Xiang, X Thome, L Balakrishnan, G Paul, DM Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Yanwen Jagielski, Jacek Bae, In-Tae Xiang, Xia Thome, Lionel Balakrishnan, Geetha Paul, Don M. Weber, William J. TI Damage evolution in Au-implanted Ho2Ti2O7 titanate pyrochlore SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Damage accumulation; Amorphization; Holmium titanate pyrochlore; Irradiation; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy ID HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; SELF-RADIATION DAMAGE; LEVEL NUCLEAR-WASTE; OXIDES; GD2TI2O7; AMORPHIZATION; ACCUMULATION; AL; IMMOBILIZATION; ZIRCONOLITE AB Damage evolution at room temperature in Ho2Ti2O7 single crystals is studied under 1 MeV Au2+ ion irradiation by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy along the (0 0 1) direction. For a better determination of ion-induced disorder profile, an iterative procedure and a Monte Carlo code (McChasy) were used to analyze ion channeling spectra. A disorder accumulation model, with contributions from the amorphous fraction and the crystalline disorder, is fit to the Ho damage accumulation data. The damage evolution behavior indicates that the relative disorder on the Ho sublattice follows a nonlinear dependence on dose and that defect-stimulated amorphization is the primary amorphization mechanism. Similar irradiation behavior previously was observed in Sm2Ti2O7. A slower damage accumulation rate for Ho2Ti2O7, as compared with damage evolution in Sm2Ti2O7, is mainly attributed to a lower effective cross section for defect-stimulated amorphization. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yanwen; Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jagielski, Jacek] Inst Elect Mat Technol, PL-01919 Warsaw, Poland. [Jagielski, Jacek] Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. [Bae, In-Tae] SUNY Binghamton, Small Scale Syst Integrat & Packaging Ctr, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Xiang, Xia] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Thome, Lionel] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3,UMR 8609, Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Balakrishnan, Geetha; Paul, Don M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Balakrishnan, Geetha/P-5977-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Balakrishnan, Geetha/0000-0002-5890-1149 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3009 EP 3013 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.029 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100037 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Uberuaga, BP Nerikar, P Stanek, CR Sickafus, KE AF Liu, X. -Y. Uberuaga, B. P. Nerikar, P. Stanek, C. R. Sickafus, K. E. TI Thermodynamics of fission products in dispersion fuel designs - First-principles modeling of defect behavior in bulk and at interfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Fundamentals and modeling; Fission products in nuclear materials; Oxides:ceramics ID URANIUM-DIOXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ENERGETICS; METALS AB Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of fission product (Xe, Sr, and Cs) incorporation and segregation in alkaline earth metal oxides, HfO(2) and UO(2) oxides, and the MgO/(U,Hf,Ce)O(2) interfaces have been carried out. These calculations demonstrate that the fission product incorporation energies in MgO are higher than in HfO(2). However, this trend is reversed or reduced for alkaline earth oxides with larger cation sizes. In the case of UO(2), the calculations were performed using spin polarization and with a Hubbard U term characterizing the on-site Coulomb repulsion between the localized 5f electrons. The fission product solution energies in bulk UO(2 +/- x), have been calculated as a function of non-stoichiometry x, and were compared to that in MgO. The solution energies of fission products in MgO are substantially higher than in UO(2 +/- x), except for the case of Sr in hypostoichiometric UO(2). Due to size effects, the thermodynamic driving force of segregation for Xe and Cs from bulk MgO to the MgO/fluorite interface is strong. However, this driving force is comparatively weak for Sr. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, X. -Y.; Uberuaga, B. P.; Nerikar, P.; Stanek, C. R.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, XY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xyliu@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3014 EP 3017 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.030 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100038 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Wang, YQ Tang, M Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE AF Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Q. Tang, M. Valdez, J. A. Sickafus, K. E. TI Ion irradiation induced order-to-disorder transformations in delta-phase Sc4-xZr3+xO12+x/2 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Ion irradiation; Phase transformation; Nonstoichiometry; Oxygen vacancy ID NUCLEAR-WASTE; DELTA-SC4ZR3O12; ZIRCONIA; IMMOBILIZATION; PLUTONIUM; FUEL AB The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of stoichiometry on crystal structure transformations in derivative fluorite compounds known as delta (delta) phase. In this study, polycrystalline delta-phase ceramic pellets were prepared with stoichiometries given by Sc4-xZr3+xO12+x/2 (x = 0, 0.77 and 1.20). The pressed and polished pellets were then irradiated under cryogenic conditions with 200 keV Ne+ ions to fluences ranging from 1-5 x 10(14) Ne/cm(2). An order-to-disorder (O-D) transformation was observed for all compositions, as determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). However, the transformation threshold dose was found to systematically decrease with increasing ZrO2 content: similar to 0.2, similar to 0.16, and similar to 0.08 dpa for Sc4-xZr3+xO12+x/2 with x = 0, 0.77, and 1.20, respectively. These irradiation-induced phase transformation results are discussed in terms of the crystal structure of the delta-phase. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, J.] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, J.; Wang, Y. Q.; Tang, M.; Valdez, J. A.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM zhang_j@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3018 EP 3022 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.031 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100039 ER PT J AU Usov, IO Won, J Valdez, JA Hawley, ME Devlin, DJ Jarvinen, GD Sickafus, KE AF Usov, I. O. Won, J. Valdez, J. A. Hawley, M. E. Devlin, D. J. Jarvinen, G. D. Sickafus, K. E. TI Radiation damage effects in layered thin film MgO/HfO2 structures SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Hafnia; Magnesia; Ion irradiation ID INERT MATRIX FUEL; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MGO-ZRO2 CERAMICS; PHASE-TRANSITION; ZIRCONIA; BEHAVIOR; PYROCHLORE; TRANSMUTATION; FABRICATION; INSULATORS AB In this report, we present a study of a thin film tri-layer structure, HfO2/MgO/HfO2, irradiated at room temperature with 10 MeV Au ions over a wide fluence range from 5 x 10(13) to 3.7 x 10(16) Au/cm(2). The tri-layer structure is a model representation for the microstructure in a composite dispersion nuclear fuel or waste form. Microstructural and chemical composition changes were examined by transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM & STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) techniques. The microstructural evolution in the HfO2/MgO/HfO2 trilayer was similar to the radiation damage behavior of the individual HfO2 and MgO constituents. For instance, we observed an absence of amorphization in both the MgO and HfO2 layers and a phase transformation of HfO2 from the monoclinic to the tetragonal HfO2 polymorph. In addition, we observed the formation of void-type defects at one of the MgO/HfO2 interfaces. Such voids are not characteristic to either bulk material (MgO or HfO2) exposed to ion irradiation. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Usov, I. O.; Won, J.; Valdez, J. A.; Hawley, M. E.; Devlin, D. J.; Jarvinen, G. D.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Usov, IO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop K763, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM iusov@lanl.gov OI won, Jonghan/0000-0002-7612-1322 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3044 EP 3048 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.036 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100044 ER PT J AU Scott, C Smith, R Uberuaga, BP Sickafus, KE AF Scott, Chris Smith, Roger Uberuaga, B. P. Sickafus, K. E. TI Radiation effects at the HfO2-MgO interface SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Radiation effects at interfaces; Surface topography AB A preliminary investigation into radiation effects at the HfO2-MgO interface, using classical molecular dynamics, is described. This composite system is representative of a dispersion nuclear fuel form concept being investigated for its potential in easing separations and reprocessing. During experiments involving ion bombardment of the interface a section of the top layer of HfO2 has been seen to break away, resulting in a large (about 10 mu m) crater with a raised central region. Computer simulations, using molecular dynamics, have been carried out on three separate models in an attempt to understand this behaviour. The first model investigates single atom bombardment of the interface. Cascades involving clusters of atoms are also investigated and finally a model of delamination at the interface is considered. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, Chris; Smith, Roger] Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Uberuaga, B. P.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Scott, C (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM C.D.J.Scott@lboro.ac.uk RI Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3066 EP 3070 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.043 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100049 ER PT J AU Gryaznov, D Rashkeev, S Kotomin, EA Heifets, E Zhukovskii, Y AF Gryaznov, D. Rashkeev, S. Kotomin, E. A. Heifets, E. Zhukovskii, Y. TI Helium behavior in oxide nuclear fuels: First principles modeling SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE DFT; Actinide oxide; Correlation correction; Incorporation energy ID URANIUM-DIOXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POINT-DEFECTS; UO2; ENERGETICS; ENERGY AB UO(2) and (U, Pu)O(2) solid solutions (the so-called MOX) nowadays are used as commercial nuclear fuels in many countries. One of the safety issues during the storage of these fuels is related to their self-irradiation that produces and accumulates point defects and helium therein. We present density functional theory (OFT) calculations for UO(2), PuO(2) and MOX containing He atoms in octahedral interstitial positions. In particular, we calculated basic MOX properties and He incorporation energies as functions of Pu concentration within the spin-polarized, generalized gradient approximation (GGA) DFT calculations. We also included the on-site electron correlation corrections using the Hubbard model (in the framework of the so-called DFT + U approach). We found that PuO(2) remains semiconducting with He in the octahedral position while UO(2) requires a specific lattice distortion. Both materials reveal a positive energy for He incorporation, which, therefore, is an exothermic process. The He incorporation energy increases with the Pu concentration in the MOX fuel. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gryaznov, D.; Heifets, E.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Rashkeev, S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Kotomin, E. A.; Zhukovskii, Y.] Latvian State Univ, Inst Solid State Phys, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia. RP Gryaznov, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM gryaznov@mail.com RI Zhukovskii, Yuri/C-7063-2011; Gryaznov, Denis/C-8621-2011; Heifets, Eugene/C-8776-2011; Dep Theor Physics, Computer Modeling/E-6336-2013; Kotomin, Eugene/B-8070-2013 OI Heifets, Eugene/0000-0002-1667-5104; Kotomin, Eugene/0000-0002-8122-6276 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3090 EP 3094 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.054 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100054 ER PT J AU Patel, AP Stanek, CR Levy, MR Chroneos, A Grimes, RW AF Patel, A. P. Stanek, C. R. Levy, M. R. Chroneos, A. Grimes, R. W. TI Defect volumes of BO2 doped Y2O3 (B = Ti, Zr, Hf and Ce) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Yttrium oxide; Zirconium oxide; Defect volumes; Atomistic simulation; Point defects ID DELTA-SC4ZR3O12 AB Atomistic simulations have been employed to study the effect of BO2 (fluorite) incorporation into the bixbyite oxide Y2O3. The energetically preferred defect mechanism and the associated lattice parameter changes that occur from BO2 doping have been predicted. The addition of Group IV elements into Y2O3 can follow three different mechanisms. The energetically favourable method is through a O ''(i) mediated reaction for ZrO2 and HfO2 while for TiO2 and CeO2, reducing B4+ to B3+ provides the lowest energy reaction. ZrO2 and HfO2 doping results in the lowest volume changes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Patel, A. P.; Levy, M. R.; Chroneos, A.; Grimes, R. W.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Stanek, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Patel, AP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM ankoor.palel02@imperial.ac.uk; stanek@lanl.gov RI Patel, Ankoor/K-6595-2012; OI Patel, Ankoor/0000-0002-8524-7314; Chroneos, Alex/0000-0002-2558-495X NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3111 EP 3113 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.065 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100059 ER PT J AU Valone, SM Uberuaga, BP Liu, XY Jeon, B Chaudhry, A Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Valone, S. M. Uberuaga, B. P. Liu, X. -Y. Jeon, B. Chaudhry, A. Gronbech-Jensen, N. TI Cascade-driven mixing at metal oxide interfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Molecular dynamics; Radiation effects; Insulators; Material interfaces ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ION-IMPLANTATION AB Advanced nuclear fuel concepts sometimes involve metal oxide interfaces between fissile and nonfissile phases. During operation, cascade damage as secondary events from a fission track will occur throughout the material. Some of that damage will take place at the interface between phases. Here we simulate representative secondary events of this nature. As a model system, ongoing experiments consider a composite in which the nonfissile material is magnesia and the fissile phase is modeled via hafnia as a surrogate. In correspondence the experiments, the atomistic simulation cells are composed of hafnia in the fluorite structure and magnesia in the rocksalt structure. Molecular dynamics simulations of cascade damage across interfaces of these materials shows Hf cations becoming kinetically trapped in the magnesia phase. The Hf cations remained trapped for the duration of the 20-ps simulations. When the primary-knock-on atom energy is above a few hundred eV in the direction of the interface and is within five lattice spacings, the propensity for trapping is very high. Under these same conditions, an Mg cation will occasionally become trapped in the hafnia. Complementary electronic structure calculations indicate that Hf cations are thermodynamically unstable in magnesia. Furthermore, these calculations indicate that the charge on the Hf ions reduces by one electron if no compensating defect is present, but reverts to the charge in HfO(2) bulk in the presence of a defect such as an oxygen interstitial. Extensions of these observations to the behavior of urania and ceria are mentioned. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Valone, S. M.; Uberuaga, B. P.; Liu, X. -Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jeon, B.; Chaudhry, A.; Gronbech-Jensen, N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smv@lanl.gov RI Jeon, ByoungSeon/D-2281-2012 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3114 EP 3116 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.066 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100060 ER PT J AU Gao, YA Lan, CN Xue, JM Yan, S Wang, YG Xu, FJ Shen, B Zhang, YW AF Gao, Yuan Lan, Chune Xue, Jianming Yan, Sha Wang, Yugang Xu, Fujun Shen, Bo Zhang, Yanwen TI Swelling or erosion on the surface of patterned GaN damaged by heavy ion implantation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE GaN; Implantation; Swelling; Erosion; Defects ID SEMICONDUCTORS; DECOMPOSITION; DEFECTS AB Wurtzite undoped GaN epilayers (0 0 0 1) was implanted with 500 keV Au(+) ions at room temperature under different doses, respectively. Ion implantation was performed through photoresist masks on GaN to produce alternating strips. The experimental results showed that the step height of swelling and decomposition in implanted GaN depended on ion dose and annealing temperature, i.e., damage level and its evolution. This damage evolution is contributed to implantation-induced defect production, and defect migration/accumulation occurred at different levels of displacement per atom. The results suggest that the swelling is due to the formation of porous structures in the amorphous region of implanted GaN. The decomposition of implanted area can be attributed to the disorder saturation and the diffusion of surface amorphous layer. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Yuan; Lan, Chune; Xue, Jianming; Yan, Sha; Wang, Yugang] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Xu, Fujun; Shen, Bo] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Artificial Microstruct & Mesoscop P, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yanwen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, YG (reprint author), Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM ygwang@pku.edu.cn NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3207 EP 3210 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.090 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100081 ER PT J AU Tang, M Kluth, P Zhang, J Patel, MK Uberuaga, BP Reichhardt, CJO Sickafus, KE AF Tang, M. Kluth, P. Zhang, J. Patel, M. K. Uberuaga, B. P. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Sickafus, K. E. TI Swift heavy ion irradiation-induced microstructure modification of two delta-phase oxides: Sc4Zr3O12 and Lu4Zr3O12 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Ceramic oxides; Irradiation damage effects; Phase transformation; TEM; XRD ID NUCLEAR-WASTE; IMMOBILIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; PLUTONIUM AB Swift gold ions (185 MeV) were used to systematically investigate the radiation damage response of delta phase compounds Sc4Zr3O12 and Lu4Zr3O12 in the electronic energy loss regime. Ion irradiation-induced microstructural modifications were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD investigations indicate a phase transformation from ordered rhombohedral to disordered fluorite (O-D) in both compounds, with the Sc compound transforming at a higher ion fluence compared with the Lu compound. This result is consistent with our previous study on Sc4Zr3O12 and Lu4Zr3O12 under displacive radiation environment in which the nuclear energy loss is dominant. High resolution TEM revealed that individual ion tracks maintain crystalline structure, while the core region experiences an O-D phase transformation. TEM observations also suggest that for the doses in which the tracks overlap, the O-D phase transformation occurs across the entire ion range. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, M.; Zhang, J.; Uberuaga, B. P.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kluth, P.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Patel, M. K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, High Pressure Phys Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Reichhardt, C. J. Olson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mtang@lanl.gov RI Kluth, Patrick/A-1497-2008 OI Kluth, Patrick/0000-0002-1806-2432 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3243 EP 3247 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.05.099 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100090 ER PT J AU Uberuaga, BP Jiang, C Stanek, CR Sickafus, KE Marks, NA Carter, DJ Rohl, AL AF Uberuaga, B. P. Jiang, C. Stanek, C. R. Sickafus, K. E. Marks, N. A. Carter, D. J. Rohl, A. L. TI Implications of transmutation on the defect chemistry in crystalline waste forms SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Radioparagenesis; Defects; Ceramics; Crystalline phases; Transmutation ID RADIATION TOLERANCE; CERAMICS; OXIDES AB Radioactive decay within the solid state creates chemical environments which are typically incommensurate with the initial host structure. Using a combined theoretical and computational approach, we discuss this 'transmutation problem' in the context of the short-lived fission products Cs-137 and Sr-90. We show how a Kroger-Vink treatment is insufficient for understanding defects arising from transmutation, and present density functional theory data for chemical evolution within two prototypical hosts, CsCl and SrTiO3. While the latter has a strong driving force for phase separation with increasing Zr content, the Cs(Ba)Cl system is surprisingly stable. The sharp difference between these two findings points to the need for better understanding of novel chemistry in nuclear waste forms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Uberuaga, B. P.; Jiang, C.; Stanek, C. R.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Marks, N. A.; Carter, D. J.; Rohl, A. L.] Curtin Univ Technol, Nanochem Res Inst, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Carter, D. J.; Rohl, A. L.] IVEC, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia. RP Uberuaga, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blas@lanl.gov RI Marks, Nigel/F-6084-2010; Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011; Carter, Damien/H-9768-2012; Rohl, Andrew/A-7889-2008 OI Marks, Nigel/0000-0003-2372-1284; Rohl, Andrew/0000-0003-0038-2785 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3261 EP 3264 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.06.001 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100093 ER PT J AU Hawley, ME Devlin, DJ Reichhardt, CJ Sickafus, KE Usov, IO Valdez, JA Wang, YQ AF Hawley, M. E. Devlin, D. J. Reichhardt, C. J. Sickafus, K. E. Usov, I. O. Valdez, J. A. Wang, Y. Q. TI AFM characterization of model nuclear fuel oxide multilayer structures modified by heavy ion beam irradiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference of the Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 30-SEP 04, 2009 CL ITALY SP Cent Surg Assoc DE Metal oxide films; Radiation effects; Heavy ions; Atomic force microscopy; Surface modification ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FILMS AB This work explored a potential new model dispersion fuel form consisting of an actinide material embedded in a radiation tolerant matrix that captures fission products (FPs) and is easily separated chemically as waste from the fuel material. To understand the stability of this proposed dispersion fuel form design, an idealized model system composed of a multilayer film was studied. This system consisted of a tri-layer structure of an MgO layer sandwiched between two HfO(2) layers. HfO(2) served as a surrogate fissile material for UO(2) while MgO represented a stable, fissile product (FP) getter that is easily separated from the fissile material. This type of multilayer film structure allowed us to control the size of and spacing between each layer. The films were grown at room temperature by e-beam deposition on a Si(1 1 1) substrate and post-annealed annealing at a range of temperatures to crystallize the HfO(2) layers. The 550 degrees C annealed sample was subsequently irradiated with 10 MeV Au(3+) ions at a range of fluences from 5 x 10(13) to 3.74 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). Separate single layer constituent films and the substrate were also irradiated at 5 x 10(15) and 8 x 10(14) and 2 x 10(16), respectively. After annealing and irradiation, the samples were characterized using atomic force imaging techniques to determine local changes in microstructure and mechanical properties. All samples annealed above 550 degrees C cracked. From the AFM results we observed both crack healing and significant modification of the surface at higher fluences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hawley, M. E.; Devlin, D. J.; Reichhardt, C. J.; Sickafus, K. E.; Usov, I. O.; Valdez, J. A.; Wang, Y. Q.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hawley, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hawley@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 19 BP 3269 EP 3272 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.06.005 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 656BP UT WOS:000282301100095 ER PT J AU Proudfoot, J AF Proudfoot, James CA ATLAS Collaboration TI Soft QCD Measurements at 900 GeV and 7 TeV with ATLAS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th High Energy Physics International Conference on Quantum Chromodynamics CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Montpellier, FRANCE DE soft QCD; minimum bias; ATLAS AB We present results on charged particle production in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and center of mass energies root s = 900 GeV and 7 TeV in the ATLAS Detector. Charged tracks are measured with high precision in the inner tracking system; track multiplicities, transverse momentum spectrum and the average track transverse momentum as a function of track multiplicity are compared to phenomenological models describing the soft QCD processes participating in the interaction. Although all models approximately describe the data, none show complete agreement, with the deviation between data and Monte Carlo becoming more significant at the the higher center of mass energy and for higher track transverse momentum. These data have been used in the determination of a new optimised model which provides a much improved description of the data. C1 [Proudfoot, James; ATLAS Collaboration] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Proudfoot, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL USA. EM proudfoot@anl.gov RI Pacheco Pages, Andres/C-5353-2011 OI Pacheco Pages, Andres/0000-0001-8210-1734 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT-NOV PY 2010 VL 207-08 SI SI BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.10.009 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 719AB UT WOS:000287168300008 ER PT J AU Arleo, F Brodsky, SJ Hwang, DS Sickles, AM AF Arleo, Francois Brodsky, Stanley J. Hwang, Dae Sung Sickles, Anne M. TI Direct hadron production in hadronic collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th High Energy Physics International Conference on Quantum Chromodynamics CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Montpellier, FRANCE DE hadron production; higher twist; hadronic colliders ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; CROSS-SECTIONS; ROOT-S AB The scaling behavior of the invariant production cross section is a powerful tool in order to probe the dynamics of particle production. Here, we investigate the scaling properties of large-p(perpendicular to) hadron, jet and prompt photon production in hadronic collisions by comparing systematically world data to NLO QCD predictions. In the hadron sector a significant discrepancy is reported, while prompt photon and jet production data prove in agreement with leading-twist expectations. We interpret these results as coming from a non-negligible contribution of higher-twist processes, in which the hadron is produced directly in the hard subprocess. Predictions at RHIC are successfully compared to PHENIX preliminary measurements and LHC predictions are given. C1 [Arleo, Francois] Univ Savoie, CNRS, UMR5108, LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Brodsky, Stanley J.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Brodsky, Stanley J.] Univ So Denmark, Origins CP3, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Hwang, Dae Sung] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Sickles, Anne M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Arleo, F (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, UMR5108, LAPTH, BP 110, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. EM arleo@lapp.in2p3.fr NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT-NOV PY 2010 VL 207-08 SI SI BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.10.021 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 719AB UT WOS:000287168300020 ER PT J AU Park, K AF Park, Kijun TI N* program at CLAS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th High Energy Physics International Conference on Quantum Chromodynamics CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Montpellier, FRANCE DE N*; nucleon resonance; transition form factors; Roper; S-11(1535); D-13(1520); helicity amplitudes ID FORM-FACTORS; ROPER RESONANCE; QUARK-MODEL; BARYONS; TRANSITION AB The N* program is one of the major goals of CLAS experiments in Jefferson Lab and many outstanding results have been carried out. In this note, I will present some highlight recent measurements of nucleon resonance transition form factors from electro-production as the second resonances. The new pion electro-production data resolve a long-standing puzzle of the nature of the Roper resonance, and confirm the assertion of the symmetric constituent quark model of the Roper as the first radial excitation of the nucleon. The single pion electro-production data for high Q(2) confirms the slow fall off of the S-11(1535) transition form factor with Q(2), and better constrain the branching ratios beta(N pi) : beta(N eta) = 0.50 : 0.45. For the first time, the longitudinal transition amplitude to the S-11(1535) was extracted from the n pi(+) data. Also, new results on the transition amplitudes for the D-13(1520) resonance are presented showing a rapid transition from helicity 3/2 dominance seen at the real photon point to helicity 1/2 dominance at higher Q(2). C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Park, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM parkkj@jlab.org NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT-NOV PY 2010 VL 207-08 SI SI BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.10.056 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 719AB UT WOS:000287168300053 ER PT J AU Park, H Knoll, DA Gaston, DR Martineau, RC AF Park, H. Knoll, D. A. Gaston, D. R. Martineau, R. C. TI Tightly Coupled Multiphysics Algorithms for Pebble Bed Reactors SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM RADIATION DIFFUSION; KRYLOV METHODS; SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS; PHYSICS; PRECONDITIONER; IMPLICIT; SOLVER AB We have developed a tightly coupled multiphysics simulation tool for the pebble bed reactor (PBR) concept, a specific type of very high temperature gas-cooled reactor. The simulation tool PRONGHORN takes advantage of the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment library and is capable of solving multidimensional thermal-fluid and neutronics problems implicitly with a Newton-based approach. Expensive Jacobian matrix formation is alleviated via the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method, and physics-based preconditioning is applied to minimize Krylov iterations. Motivation for the work is provided via analysis and numerical experiments on simpler multiphysics reactor models. We then provide detail of the physical models and numerical methods in PRONGHORN. Finally, PRONGHORN's algorithmic capability is demonstrated on a number of PBR test cases. C1 [Park, H.; Gaston, D. R.; Martineau, R. C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fuels Modeling & Simulat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Knoll, D. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fuels Modeling & Simulat Dept, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Ryosukc.park@inl.gov FU U.S. government [DEAC07-05ID14517 (INL/JOU-09-17509)] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. government under contract DEAC07-05ID14517 (INL/JOU-09-17509). NR 32 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 EI 1943-748X J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 166 IS 2 BP 118 EP 133 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 655HE UT WOS:000282239100003 ER PT J AU Booth, TE AF Booth, Thomas E. TI Comments on Monte Carlo Probability of Initiation Estimates for Neutron Fission Chains SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This technical note shows that it is possible and effective to use Monte Carlo variance-reduction methods for the probability of initiation problem. The benefits are threefold. First, the proper use of variance reduction obviates using an arbitrary definition of a "divergent chain." Second, because chains of all lengths are allowed, there is no bias introduced by ignoring some long chains because they meet the divergent chain definition. Third, variance-reduction methods might drastically increase the efficiency of some of these calculations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Booth, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop A143, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM teb@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 166 IS 2 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 655HE UT WOS:000282239100007 ER PT J AU VanZwieten, TS VanZwieten, JH Balas, MJ Driscoll, FR AF VanZwieten, Tannen S. VanZwieten, James H., Jr. Balas, Mark J. Driscoll, Frederick R. TI Development of an adaptive disturbance rejection system for the rapidly deployable stable platform-Part 2 Controller design and closed loop response SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sea basing; Crane ship; SPAR; Disturbance rejection; Adaptive control; Saturation constraints; Rapidly deployable stable platform; RDSP; RDSC; MRAC AB Currently, both military and civilian operations that require at-sea cargo transfers are severely limited by environmental conditions and loading forces that induce vessel motions. To increase the robustness of at-sea cargo transfer to these environmental conditions and loading forces, efforts have recently been made toward an actively controlled, rapidly deployable stable platform (RDSP). The purpose of the research presented here is to implement an output feedback adaptive controller and adaptive disturbance rejection scheme that will mitigate the effect of environmental conditions and reject disturbances caused by various loading situations. Because of the controller's distinct ability to adapt to various operating conditions, anticipate and reject load disturbances of unknown magnitude, and adjust to stay within input saturation constraints, the framework is a good fit for the RDSP. Three missions are considered using a previously developed 3 degree of freedom simulation of a 1/10th scale RDSP prototype. Results show successful mitigation of load disturbances and a significant reduction in pitch motions using a control command that remains within the given amplitude and rate constraints. In the case of cargo transfer operations, the adaptive control system is able to significantly increase the cargo throughput by rejecting the disturbances before they are able to cause large pitching dynamics. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [VanZwieten, James H., Jr.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Ocean Energy Technol, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [VanZwieten, Tannen S.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Balas, Mark J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Driscoll, Frederick R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP VanZwieten, JH (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Ocean Energy Technol, 101 N Beach Rd, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM tannen.s.vanzwieten@nasa.gov; jvanzwi@fau.edu; mbalas@uwyo.edu; frederick.driscoll@nrel.gov FU NASA; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0461] FX The authors would like to thank the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program for providing partial funding for this research under the direction of Dr. Mark Whorton.; The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, code 33, program manager Kelly Cooper for partially funding this work under Grant N00014-06-1-0461. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 IS 14-15 BP 1367 EP 1379 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.07.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 657ZW UT WOS:000282459200011 ER PT J AU Krig, SR Miller, JK Frietze, S Beckett, LA Neve, RM Farnham, PJ Yaswen, PI Sweeney, CA AF Krig, S. R. Miller, J. K. Frietze, S. Beckett, L. A. Neve, R. M. Farnham, P. J. Yaswen, P. I. Sweeney, C. A. TI ZNF217, a candidate breast cancer oncogene amplified at 20q13, regulates expression of the ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer cells SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE ZNF217; ErbB3; CtBP2; 20q13; breast cancer ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; TERMINAL BINDING-PROTEINS; LUNG-CANCER; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TAMOXIFEN RESISTANCE; REPRESSOR COMPLEX; TUMOR-GROWTH; THERAPY; GENES; HER3 AB Understanding the mechanisms underlying ErbB3 overexpression in breast cancer will facilitate the rational design of therapies to disrupt ErbB2-ErbB3 oncogenic function. Although ErbB3 overexpression is frequently observed in breast cancer, the factors mediating its aberrant expression are poorly understood. In particular, the ErbB3 gene is not significantly amplified, raising the question as to how ErbB3 overexpression is achieved. In this study we showed that the ZNF217 transcription factor, amplified at 20q13 in similar to 20% of breast tumors, regulates ErbB3 expression. Analysis of a panel of human breast cancer cell lines (n=50) and primary human breast tumors (n=15) showed a strong positive correlation between ZNF217 and ErbB3 expression. Ectopic expression of ZNF217 in human mammary epithelial cells induced ErbB3 expression, whereas ZNF217 silencing in breast cancer cells resulted in decreased ErbB3 expression. Although ZNF217 has previously been linked with transcriptional repression because of its close association with C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP)1/2 repressor complexes, our results show that ZNF217 also activates gene expression. We showed that ZNF217 recruitment to the ErbB3 promoter is CtBP1/2-independent and that ZNF217 and CtBP1/2 have opposite roles in regulating ErbB3 expression. In addition, we identify ErbB3 as one of the mechanisms by which ZNF217 augments PI-3K/Akt signaling. Oncogene (2010) 29, 5500-5510; doi:10.1038/onc.2010.289; published online 26 July 2010 C1 [Krig, S. R.; Miller, J. K.; Sweeney, C. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Div Basic Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Frietze, S.; Farnham, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Biostat, Dept Publ Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beckett, L. A.] Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Neve, R. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yaswen, P. I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krig, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Div Basic Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Res Bldg 3,Room 1100A,4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM skrig@ucdavis.edu; casweeney@ucdavis.edu OI Farnham, Peggy/0000-0003-4469-7914 FU NIH [R01 CA118384, RO1 CA45250, U54 CA112970]; Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Biological Research, US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NIH Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR024146]; DOD [W81XWH-06-1-0402]; Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1 RR024146]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research FX This work was supported by NIH grant R01 CA118384 (CS); NIH grant RO1 CA45250 (PJF); U54 CA112970 (PY, RN), and the Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Biological Research, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 (PY) and NIH Center for Research Resources (NCRR) UL1 RR024146 (LAB). JM was a recipient of a DOD Breast Cancer Research Program Predoctoral fellowship: W81XWH-06-1-0402. We thank Dr Nelly Auersperg (U Vancouver) for the recombinant adenoviral ZNF217 construct and Jeremy Semeiks for his assistance with the adenoviral transduction experiments. We thank Dr Jeffrey Hildebrand for the CtBP2-null mef-90 fibroblasts and Dr Merlin Crossly for the CtBP2_ pcDNA_ 3.1 expression construct. We thank Dr Hongwu Chen for the pCmX vector, Dr James Trimmer for the co-REST ascites and Dr Martha Stampfer for the HMEC 184 cells. CTCS statistical support is made possible by Grant Number UL1 RR024146 from the Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. A special thank you to members of the Farnham lab for valuable discussions. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD OCT PY 2010 VL 29 IS 40 BP 5500 EP 5510 DI 10.1038/onc.2010.289 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 664FM UT WOS:000282945800007 PM 20661224 ER PT J AU Peters, DW Boye, RR Wendt, JR Kellogg, RA Kemme, SA Carter, TR Samora, S AF Peters, D. W. Boye, R. R. Wendt, J. R. Kellogg, R. A. Kemme, S. A. Carter, T. R. Samora, S. TI Demonstration of polarization-independent resonant subwavelength grating filter arrays SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND AB We demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) polarization-independent resonant subwavelength grating (RSG) in a filter array. RSGs, also called guided mode resonant filters, are traditionally one-dimensional gratings; however, this leads to TE and TM resonances at different wavelengths and with different spectral shape. A 2D grating can remove the polarization dependence at normal incidence, while maintaining the desirable RSG properties of high reflectivity, narrow passband, and low sidebands without ripple. We designed and fabricated 2D gratings with near-identical responses for both polarizations at normal incidence in the telecommunication band. Ninety percent reflectivity is achieved at the resonant wavelengths. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Peters, D. W.; Boye, R. R.; Wendt, J. R.; Kellogg, R. A.; Kemme, S. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Carter, T. R.] Sandia Staffing Alliance, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Samora, S.] LMATA Govt Serv LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Peters, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwpeter@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3201 EP 3203 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 656XQ UT WOS:000282374800017 PM 20890333 ER PT J AU Rawers, J AF Rawers, James TI Oxidation Characteristics of Fe-18Cr-18Mn-Stainless Steel Alloys SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE Stainless steel; Manganese; Nitrogen; Carbon ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; CHROMIUM-MANGANESE STEELS; CR ALLOYS; DIFFUSION; OXYGEN; IRON; SI; 900-DEGREES-C; KINETICS AB Air oxidation studies of Fe-18Cr-18Mn stainless steels were conducted at 525, 625, and 725 A degrees C. Alloys were evaluated with respect to changes in oxidation properties as a result of interstitial additions of nitrogen and carbon and of minor solute additions of silicon, molybdenum, and nickel. Interstitial concentrations possibly had a small, positive effect on oxidation resistance. Minor solute additions significantly improved oxidation resistance but could also reduce interstitial solubility resulting in formation of chromium carbides. Loss of solute chromium resulted in a slight reduction in oxidation protection. Oxidation lasting over 500 h produced a manganese rich, duplex oxide structure: an outer sesquioxide and an inner spinel oxide. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR USA. RP Rawers, J (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR USA. EM Rawers@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X EI 1573-4889 J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3-4 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s11085-010-9205-7 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 648WO UT WOS:000281725300005 ER PT J AU Petrin, AL Hong, X Mangold, E Marazita, ML Visel, A Manak, JR Murray, JC AF Petrin, A. L. Hong, X. Mangold, E. Marazita, M. L. Visel, A. Manak, J. R. Murray, J. C. TI SCREENING OF THE LOCUS 8q24 IN PATIENTS WITH CLEFT LIP AND PALATE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Scientific Meeting on Annual Midwest Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY OCT 21-22, 2010 CL Iowa City, IA SP Midwest Soc Pediat Res C1 [Petrin, A. L.; Murray, J. C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Hong, X.; Manak, J. R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Mangold, E.] Univ Bonn, Inst Human Genet, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Marazita, M. L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Oral Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Visel, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Visel, Axel/A-9398-2009 OI Visel, Axel/0000-0002-4130-7784 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 68 IS 4 MA 63 BP 365 EP 365 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 653FO UT WOS:000282074100079 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson TI Jamming and diode effects for vortices in nanostructured superconductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Vortex Matter in Nanostructured Superconductors CY SEP 17-24, 2009 CL Rhodes, GREECE DE Superconducting vortex; Ratchet; Jamming ID TRANSITION AB We examine jamming and ratchet effects for vortex matter in superconductors with asymmetric funnel geometries. We show that the vortex-vortex interactions can induce a clogging or jamming effect where it becomes increasingly difficult for the vortices to move through the system. We also find that commensurability effects can arise when certain vortex configurations form highly symmetrical structures in the funnel plaquettes. Due to the asymmetry, the critical currents are different for driving in different directions, leading to a diode effect. We also discuss other possible geometries and approaches that could be used to explore jamming in vortex matter, such as an analog to a granular hopper and a single driven vortex probe moving through an array of other vortices. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM charlesr@cnls.lanl.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 470 IS 19 SI SI BP 722 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2010.02.067 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657YE UT WOS:000282454400003 ER PT J AU Guillamon, I Crespo, M Suderow, H Vieira, S Brison, JP Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Guillamon, I. Crespo, M. Suderow, H. Vieira, S. Brison, J. P. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Atomic resolution and vortex lattice studies of magnetic superconductors: A first approach in the nickel borocarbide TmNi2B2C SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Vortex Matter in Nanostructured Superconductors CY SEP 17-24, 2009 CL Rhodes, GREECE DE Magnetism and superconductivity; Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy; Vortex lattice; Nickel borocarbides ID FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; SCANNING TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; LUNI2B2C; TRANSITION; ERNI2B2C; YNI2B2C; STM; MICROSCOPE; SYMMETRY; PHASE AB We present new scanning tunneling microscopy measurements in the superconductor TmNi2B2C. The topography shows in some areas flat surfaces, where atomic size modulations can be identified. We find a hexagonal vortex lattice between 0.15 T and 1.4T, when the magnetic field is applied along the basal plane of the tetragonal crystal structure (B perpendicular to c), and a hexagonal to square transition around 0.15 T when the field is applied along the c-axis (B parallel to c). Measured intervortex distance are smaller than expected at high field, due to the internal field being larger than the applied field. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guillamon, I.; Crespo, M.; Suderow, H.; Vieira, S.; Bud'ko, S. L.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Lab Bajas Temp, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Guillamon, I.; Crespo, M.; Suderow, H.; Brison, J. P.; Bud'ko, S. L.] CEA, INAC, SPSMS, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Guillamon, I.; Crespo, M.; Suderow, H.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Guillamon, I.; Crespo, M.; Suderow, H.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Suderow, H (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Lab Bajas Temp, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM hermann.suderow@uam.es RI Suderow, Hermann/L-6612-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; vieira, sebastian/L-5216-2014; Guillamon, Isabel/C-9744-2014 OI Suderow, Hermann/0000-0002-5902-1880; vieira, sebastian/0000-0002-3854-1377; Guillamon, Isabel/0000-0002-2606-3355 NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 470 IS 19 SI SI BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2010.02.073 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657YE UT WOS:000282454400015 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Reichhardt, C. TI Driving an individual vortex in the presence of a periodic pinning array SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Vortex Matter in Nanostructured Superconductors CY SEP 17-24, 2009 CL Rhodes, GREECE DE Superconducting vortex ID SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; DEFECTS AB Recently it has been demonstrated experimentally that it is possible to manipulate an individual vortex in a type-II superconductor using a magnetic force microscope tip. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the dynamics of a single driven vortex in the presence of a periodic pinning array and other vortices. Remarkably, we find that the effective drag on the driven vortex is reduced at the matching fields, which is opposite from the behavior of the critical current when all the vortices are driven. We discuss this effect in the context of the type of dynamics that occur at matching and nonmatching fields. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjrx@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 470 IS 19 SI SI BP 779 EP 781 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2010.02.068 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657YE UT WOS:000282454400017 ER PT J AU Ataklti, GW Silhanek, AV Van de Vondel, J Gillijns, W Belkin, A Karapetrov, G Moshchalkov, VV AF Ataklti, G. W. Silhanek, A. V. Van de Vondel, J. Gillijns, W. Belkin, A. Karapetrov, G. Moshchalkov, V. V. TI Field polarity dependent nucleation of superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional magnetic templates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Vortex Matter in Nanostructured Superconductors CY SEP 17-24, 2009 CL Rhodes, GREECE DE S/F hybrids; Magnetic domain; Magnetic templates ID HYBRIDS AB We investigate the nucleation of superconductivity in an Al/Al(2)O(3)/Py trilayer system by electrical transport measurements. Magnetic force microscopy images taken at room temperature show that the 0.7 mu m thick Py-film form stripes of magnetic domains with alternating out-of-plane stray field. After applying a strong out of plane magnetic field H the superconductor/normal phase boundary becomes asymmetric with respect to H = 0. This lack of field polarity symmetry results from the unbalanced size distribution of domains with opposite polarity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ataklti, G. W.; Silhanek, A. V.; Van de Vondel, J.; Gillijns, W.; Moshchalkov, V. V.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC Inst Nanoscale Phys & Chem, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Belkin, A.; Karapetrov, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Belkin, A.] IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Ataklti, GW (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC Inst Nanoscale Phys & Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. EM Ataklti.Weldeslassie@fys.kuleuven.be RI Moshchalkov, Victor/I-7232-2013; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008 OI Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 470 IS 19 SI SI BP 860 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2010.02.082 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657YE UT WOS:000282454400036 ER PT J AU Chiodoni, A Laviano, F Gerbaldo, R Ghigo, G Gozzelino, L Mezzetti, E Minetti, B Kwok, WK AF Chiodoni, Angelica Laviano, Francesco Gerbaldo, Roberto Ghigo, Gianluca Gozzelino, Laura Mezzetti, Enrica Minetti, Bruno Kwok, Wai K. TI Understanding the role of heavy ion-irradiation induced surface columnar nanostructures through FESEM imaging SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Vortex Matter in Nanostructured Superconductors CY SEP 17-24, 2009 CL Rhodes, GREECE DE High-temperature superconductors; Columnar nanostructures; Blind holes; FESEM imaging ID MELT-TEXTURED YBCO; YBA2CU3O7 CRYSTALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFECTS; CONFINEMENT; FIELDS AB In this paper we report on the effects of "surface columnar defects" (blind holes) generated by heavy ion irradiation by performing Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) imaging of the columns created across a selected set of specimens, ranging from YBa2Cu3O7-x melt-textured bulks and Bi2Sr2Ca2 Cu3Ox monofilamentary tapes to YBa2Cu3O7-x single crystals. Different ion fluences, resulting into modifying the superconducting properties, were sampled. A correlation between FESEM patterns and volume integrated measurements shows how surface columnar defects claim the leadership of the superconducting behaviors of the ion implanted samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chiodoni, Angelica; Laviano, Francesco; Gerbaldo, Roberto; Ghigo, Gianluca; Gozzelino, Laura; Mezzetti, Enrica; Minetti, Bruno] Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Chiodoni, Angelica] Politecn Torino, Mat & Microsyst Lab xLAB, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Laviano, Francesco; Gerbaldo, Roberto; Ghigo, Gianluca; Gozzelino, Laura; Mezzetti, Enrica; Minetti, Bruno] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Kwok, Wai K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Minetti, B (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, Cso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM bruno.minetti@polito.it RI CHIODONI, Angelica Monica/K-4374-2013; OI CHIODONI, Angelica Monica/0000-0002-4386-842X; Laviano, Francesco/0000-0002-5271-6575 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 470 IS 19 SI SI BP 914 EP 917 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2010.02.057 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657YE UT WOS:000282454400052 ER PT J AU Curran, PJ Clem, JR Bending, SJ Tsuchiya, Y Tamegai, T AF Curran, P. J. Clem, J. R. Bending, S. J. Tsuchiya, Y. Tamegai, T. TI Geometry-dependent penetration fields in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta platelets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEMAGNETIZING FACTORS; SURFACE BARRIERS; CRYSTALS; MAGNETIZATION; PRISMS AB Magneto-optical imaging has been used to study vortex penetration into regular polygon-shaped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta platelets with various geometries (disks, pentagons, squares, and triangles) but known fixed areas. In all cases we observe an exponential dependence of the field of first penetration, H-p, on temperature, consistent with a dominant Bean-Livingston barrier for pancake vortices at our measurement temperatures (45-80K). However, the penetration field consistently decreases with decreasing degree of sample symmetry, in stark contrast to conventional estimates of demagnetization factors using equivalent ellipsoids based on inscribed circles, which predict the reverse trend. Surprisingly, this observation does not appear to have been reported in the literature before. We demonstrate empirically that estimates using equivalent ellipsoids based on circumscribed circles predict the correct qualitative experimental trend in H-p. Our work has important implications for the estimation of appropriate effective demagnetization factors for flux penetration into arbitrarily shaped superconducting bodies. C1 [Curran, P. J.; Bending, S. J.] Univ Bath, Sch Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Clem, J. R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clem, J. R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tsuchiya, Y.; Tamegai, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Curran, PJ (reprint author), Univ Bath, Sch Phys, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RI Tamegai, Tsuyoshi /C-6656-2011; Tsuchiya, Yuji/M-8454-2014 OI Tsuchiya, Yuji/0000-0003-0480-851X FU EPSRC-U.K. [EP/E039944/1]; Royal Society [2006/R3]; JSPS; Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by EPSRC-U.K. under Grant No. EP/E039944/1, the Royal Society International Joint Project under Project No. 2006/R3, and by JSPS Bilateral Joint Research Projects between Japan and U.K. Our work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 134501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134501 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 656TE UT WOS:000282358900005 ER PT J AU Deng, CR Ping, JL Wang, F Goldman, T AF Deng, Chengrong Ping, Jialun Wang, Fan Goldman, T. TI Tetraquark state and multibody interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC QUARK-MODEL; MULTIQUARK HADRONS; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; BOUND-STATE; SYSTEMS; BARYONS; RESONANCE; Y(2175); EXOTICA; HYBRID AB The tetraquark states with diquark-anti-diquark configuration have been studied in the flux-tube model, in which the multibody confinement is used. In this model approach, the states Y(2175), f(0)(600), f(0)(980), and X(1576) can be assigned as tetraquark states. They are color confinement resonances with three-dimension structure. This study suggests that the multibody confinement should be employed in the quark model study of multiquark states instead of the additive two-body confinement. C1 [Deng, Chengrong] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Sch Math & Phys, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China. [Deng, Chengrong; Ping, Jialun] Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. [Wang, Fan] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Goldman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Deng, CR (reprint author), Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Sch Math & Phys, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China. EM jlping@njnu.edu.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [10775072, 10435080, 10375030]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20070319007]; Chongqing Jiaotong University FX This work is supported partly by the National Science Foundation of China under Contracts No. 10775072, No. 10435080, and No. 10375030, the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No. 20070319007, and the Ph.D. Program Funds of Chongqing Jiaotong University. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 074001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.074001 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 656TR UT WOS:000282360300001 ER PT J AU Toi, K Watanabe, F Tokuzawa, T Ida, K Morita, S Ido, T Shimizu, A Isobe, M Ogawa, K Spong, DA Todo, Y Watari, T Ohdachi, S Sakakibara, S Yamamoto, S Inagaki, S Narihara, K Osakabe, M Nagaoka, K Narushima, Y Watanabe, KY Funaba, H Goto, M Ikeda, K Ito, T Kaneko, O Kubo, S Murakami, S Minami, T Miyazawa, J Nagayama, Y Nishiura, M Oka, Y Sakamoto, R Shimozuma, T Takeiri, Y Tanaka, K Tsumori, K Yamada, I Yoshinuma, M Kawahata, K Komori, A AF Toi, K. Watanabe, F. Tokuzawa, T. Ida, K. Morita, S. Ido, T. Shimizu, A. Isobe, M. Ogawa, K. Spong, D. A. Todo, Y. Watari, T. Ohdachi, S. Sakakibara, S. Yamamoto, S. Inagaki, S. Narihara, K. Osakabe, M. Nagaoka, K. Narushima, Y. Watanabe, K. Y. Funaba, H. Goto, M. Ikeda, K. Ito, T. Kaneko, O. Kubo, S. Murakami, S. Minami, T. Miyazawa, J. Nagayama, Y. Nishiura, M. Oka, Y. Sakamoto, R. Shimozuma, T. Takeiri, Y. Tanaka, K. Tsumori, K. Yamada, I. Yoshinuma, M. Kawahata, K. Komori, A. CA LHD Expt Grp TI Observation of Reversed-Shear Alfven Eigenmodes Excited by Energetic Ions in a Helical Plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK; MODE; CASCADES; GRADIENT; SYSTEMS AB Reversed-shear Alfven eigenmodes were observed for the first time in a helical plasma having negative q(0)(II) ( the curvature of the safety factor q at the zero shear layer). The frequency is swept downward and upward sequentially via the time variation in the maximum of q. The eigenmodes calculated by ideal MHD theory are consistent with the experimental data. The frequency sweeping is mainly determined by the effects of energetic ions and the bulk pressure gradient. Coupling of reversed-shear Alfven eigenmodes with energetic ion driven geodesic acoustic modes generates a multitude of frequency-sweeping modes. C1 [Toi, K.; Tokuzawa, T.; Ida, K.; Morita, S.; Ido, T.; Shimizu, A.; Isobe, M.; Todo, Y.; Watari, T.; Ohdachi, S.; Sakakibara, S.; Narihara, K.; Osakabe, M.; Nagaoka, K.; Narushima, Y.; Watanabe, K. Y.; Funaba, H.; Goto, M.; Ikeda, K.; Kaneko, O.; Kubo, S.; Minami, T.; Miyazawa, J.; Nagayama, Y.; Nishiura, M.; Oka, Y.; Sakamoto, R.; Shimozuma, T.; Takeiri, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Tsumori, K.; Yamada, I.; Yoshinuma, M.; Kawahata, K.; Komori, A.; LHD Expt Grp] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Watanabe, F.; Ogawa, K.; Ito, T.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Engn & Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Spong, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Yamamoto, S.; Murakami, S.] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Inagaki, S.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816, Japan. RP Toi, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, 322-6 Oroshicho, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; OGAWA, Kunihiro/E-7516-2013; Todo, Yasushi/E-7525-2013; Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Sakamoto, Ryuichi/E-7557-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Murakami, Sadayoshi/A-2191-2016; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; OGAWA, Kunihiro/0000-0003-4555-1837; Todo, Yasushi/0000-0001-9323-8285; Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Sakamoto, Ryuichi/0000-0002-4453-953X; Murakami, Sadayoshi/0000-0002-2526-7137; Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561 FU LHD [NIFS07ULHH508]; [16082209]; [21360457] FX The author (K. Toi) gratefully acknowledges fruitful discussions with B. N. Breizman, G. Y. Fu, and F. Zonca. This work is supported in part by the LHD project (NIFS07ULHH508) and the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 16082209 and No. 21360457). NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 14 AR 145003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.145003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 656UF UT WOS:000282362600006 PM 21230839 ER PT J AU Majzlan, J Glasnak, P Fisher, RA White, MA Johnson, MB Woodfield, B Boerio-Goates, J AF Majzlan, Juraj Glasnak, Peter Fisher, Robert A. White, Mary Anne Johnson, Michel B. Woodfield, Brian Boerio-Goates, Juliana TI Heat capacity, entropy, and magnetic properties of jarosite-group compounds SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE Jarosite; Heat capacity; Entropy; Spin glass; Antiferromagnet ID SOLID-SOLUTION SERIES; MODEL KAGOME ANTIFERROMAGNETS; TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; HYDRONIUM JAROSITE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SITE OCCUPANCY; ALUNITE; MINERALS AB Jarosite phases are common minerals in acidic, sulfate-rich environments. Here, we report heat capacities (C-p) and standard entropies (S degrees) for a number of jarosite samples. Most samples are close to the nominal composition AFe(3)(SO4)(2)(OH)(6), where A = K, Na, Rb, and NH4. One of the samples has a significant number of defects on the Fe sites and is called the defect jarosite; others are referred to as A-jarosite. The samples, their compositions, and the entropies at T = 298.15 K are: [GRAPHICS] There are additional configurational entropies of 13.14 and 8.23 J mol(-1) k(-1) in defect and NH4-jarosite, respectively. A detailed analysis of the synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns showed a large anisotropic peak broadening for defect and NH4-jarosite. The fits to the low-temperature (approx. <12 K) C-p data showed that our samples can be divided into two groups. The first group is populated by the K-, Na-, Rb-, and NH4-jarosite samples, antiferromagnetic at low temperatures. The second group contains the H3O-jarosite (studied previously) and the defect jarosite. H3O- and defect jarosite are spin glasses and their low-T C-p was fit with the expression C-p = gamma T + Sigma BjTj, where j = (3, 5, 7, 9). The linear term is typical for spin glasses and the sum represents the lattice contribution to C-p. Surprisingly, the C-p of the K-, Na-, Rb-, and NH4-jarosite samples, which are usually considered to be antiferromagnetic at low temperatures, also contains a large linear term. This finding suggests that even these phases do not order completely, but have a partial spin-glass character below their Neel transition temperature. C1 [Majzlan, Juraj] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany. [Glasnak, Peter] Univ Freiburg, Inst Geosci, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Woodfield, Brian; Boerio-Goates, Juliana] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Fisher, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, Mary Anne; Johnson, Michel B.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada. [White, Mary Anne; Johnson, Michel B.] Dalhousie Univ, Inst Mat Res, Halifax, NS B3H 1W5, Canada. RP Majzlan, J (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena, Germany. EM Juraj.Majzlan@uni-jena.de RI White, Mary Anne/B-6479-2009 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [MA3927/3-1]; NSERC; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Atlantic Innovation Fund FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and M. Rieder for the editorial handling of the manuscript. We acknowledge the Angstromquelle Karlsruhe (ANKA) (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany) for the provision of the beamtime and S. Doyle for the help with the data collection. This study was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant no. MA3927/3-1. Financial contributions from NSERC (Grants to MAW) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Atlantic Innovation Fund, and other partners which fund the Facilities for Materials Characterization managed by the Institute for Research in Materials at Dalhousie University, are gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 EI 1432-2021 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 37 IS 9 BP 635 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s00269-010-0363-6 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 654ZN UT WOS:000282210400004 ER PT J AU Schilling, O Mueschke, NJ AF Schilling, Oleg Mueschke, Nicholas J. TI Analysis of turbulent transport and mixing in transitional Rayleigh-Taylor unstable flow using direct numerical simulation data SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SCALAR DISSIPATION EQUATION; SMALL-ATWOOD-NUMBER; INSTABILITY; LAYER; COMBUSTION; GRADIENT; STRESS; MODEL AB Data from a 1152 x 760 x 1280 direct numerical simulation (DNS) [N. J. Mueschke and O. Schilling, "Investigation of Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence and mixing using direct numerical simulation with experimentally measured initial conditions. I. Comparison to experimental data," Phys. Fluids 21, 014106 (2009)] of a transitional Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layer modeled after a small Atwood number water channel experiment is used to comprehensively investigate the structure of mean and turbulent transport and mixing. The simulation had physical parameters and initial conditions approximating those in the experiment. The budgets of the mean vertical momentum, heavy-fluid mass fraction, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, heavy-fluid mass fraction variance, and heavy-fluid mass fraction variance dissipation rate equations are constructed using Reynolds averaging applied to the DNS data. The relative importance of mean and turbulent production, turbulent dissipation and destruction, and turbulent transport are investigated as a function of Reynolds number and across the mixing layer to provide insight into the flow dynamics not presently available from experiments. The analysis of the budgets supports the assumption for small Atwood number, Rayleigh-Taylor driven flows that the principal transport mechanisms are buoyancy production, turbulent production, turbulent dissipation, and turbulent diffusion (shear and mean field production are negligible). As the Reynolds number increases, the turbulent production in the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate equation becomes the dominant production term, while the buoyancy production plateaus. Distinctions between momentum and scalar transport are also noted, where the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate both grow in time and are peaked near the center plane of the mixing layer, while the heavy-fluid mass fraction variance and its dissipation rate initially grow and then begin to decrease as mixing progresses and reduces density fluctuations. All terms in the transport equations generally grow or decay, with no qualitative change in their profile, except for the pressure flux contribution to the total turbulent kinetic energy flux, which changes sign early in time (a countergradient effect). The production-to-dissipation ratios corresponding to the turbulent kinetic energy and heavy-fluid mass fraction variance are large and vary strongly at small evolution times, decrease with time, and nearly asymptote as the flow enters a self-similar regime. The late-time turbulent kinetic energy production-to-dissipation ratio is larger than observed in shear-driven turbulent flows. The order of magnitude estimates of the terms in the transport equations are shown to be consistent with the DNS at late-time, and also confirms both the dominant terms and their evolutionary behavior. These results are useful for identifying the dynamically important terms requiring closure, and assessing the accuracy of the predictions of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large-eddy simulation models of turbulent transport and mixing in transitional Rayleigh-Taylor instability-generated flow. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3484247] C1 [Schilling, Oleg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mueschke, Nicholas J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schilling, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schilling1@llnl.gov OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 AR 105102 DI 10.1063/1.3484247 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 674MI UT WOS:000283748900020 ER PT J AU Awe, TJ Bauer, BS Fuelling, S Lindemuth, IR Siemon, RE AF Awe, T. J. Bauer, B. S. Fuelling, S. Lindemuth, I. R. Siemon, R. E. TI Experimental investigation of thermal plasma formation from thick aluminum surfaces by pulsed multimegagauss magnetic field SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FLUX COMPRESSION EXPERIMENT; TARGET FUSION; Z-PINCHES; SIMULATIONS; DEVICE; DESIGN; POWER AB The thermal ionization of a thick metal surface by pulsed multimegagauss magnetic field has been examined experimentally. Thick 6061-alloy Al rods with initial radii (R(0)) from 1.00 to 0.25 mm, larger than the magnetic field skin depth, are pulsed to 1.0 MA peak current in 100 ns. Surface fields (B(s)) rise at 30-80 MG/mu s and reach 1.5 and 4 MG, respectively. For this range of parameters, plasma forms at a threshold level of B(s) = 2.2 MG. Novel load hardware ensures that plasma formation is thermal, by Ohmic or compression heating. Surface-plasma formation is conclusively indicated through radiometry, extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, and gated imaging. When R(0) = 0.50 mm rods reach peak current, B(s) = 3 MG, the surface temperature is 20 eV, and Al(3+) and Al(4+) spectra and surface instabilities are observed. In contrast, R(0) = 1.00 mm rod surfaces [B(s)(t) < 2.2 MG] reach only 0.7 eV and remain extremely smooth, indicating that no plasma forms. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491335] C1 [Awe, T. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bauer, B. S.; Fuelling, S.; Lindemuth, I. R.; Siemon, R. E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Awe, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM awetj@lanl.gov FU DOE [DE-FG02-04ER54752, DE-FG02-06ER54892, DE-FC52-06NA27616] FX This research was supported by the DOE under Grant Nos. DE-FG02-04ER54752, DE-FG02-06ER54892, and DE-FC52-06NA27616. This work was completed while T.J.A. was employed by the Department of Physics at the University of Nevada, Reno. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102507 DI 10.1063/1.3491335 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200038 ER PT J AU Benisti, D Morice, O Gremillet, L Siminos, E Strozzi, DJ AF Benisti, Didier Morice, Olivier Gremillet, Laurent Siminos, Evangelos Strozzi, David J. TI Nonlinear kinetic description of Raman growth using an envelope code, and comparisons with Vlasov simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ELECTROSTATIC-WAVES; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; MAGNETIZED PLASMA; STIMULATED RAMAN; ION DYNAMICS; LASER-BEAMS; ACCELERATION; OSCILLATIONS; SCATTER; DRIVEN AB In this paper, we present our nonlinear kinetic modeling of stimulated Raman scattering in a uniform and collisionless plasma using envelope equations. We recall the derivation of these equations, as well as our theoretical predictions for each of the nonlinear kinetic terms, the precision of which having been carefully checked against Vlasov simulations. We particularly focus here on the numerical resolution of these equations, which requires the additional concept of "self-optimization" that we explain, and we describe the envelope code BRAMA that we used. As an application of our modeling, we present one-dimensional BRAMA simulations of stimulated Raman scattering which predict threshold intensities, as well as time scales for Raman growth above threshold, in very good agreement with those inferred from Vlasov simulations. Finally, we discuss the differences between our modeling and other published ones. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3494223] C1 [Benisti, Didier; Morice, Olivier; Gremillet, Laurent; Siminos, Evangelos; Strozzi, David J.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Benisti, Didier; Morice, Olivier; Gremillet, Laurent; Siminos, Evangelos; Strozzi, David J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benisti, D (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM didier.benisti@cea.fr RI Siminos, Evangelos/G-2506-2010; OI Siminos, Evangelos/0000-0002-1484-0559; Strozzi, David/0000-0001-8814-3791 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, 08-ERD-017] FX Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, LDRD Tracking Number 08-ERD-017. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102311 DI 10.1063/1.3494223 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200027 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Parker, SE Lang, J Fu, GY AF Chen, Yang Parker, Scott E. Lang, J. Fu, G. -Y. TI Linear gyrokinetic simulation of high-n toroidal Alfven eigenmodes in a burning plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAKS; WAVES; STABILITY; MODEL; CODE; ELECTRONS AB A hybrid gyrokinetic ions/massless fluid electron model is used to study the stability of high-n toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) in ITER [M. Shimada et al., Nucl. Fusion 47, S1 (2007)]. The hybrid model has been implemented in the particle-in-cell turbulence simulation code GEM [Y. Chen and S. E. Parker, J. Comput. Phys. 220, 839 (2007)]. The adequacy of the hybrid model for simulating TAEs has been previously demonstrated [J. Lang et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 102101 (2009)] by comparing the simulated TAE mode frequency and structure with an eigenmode analysis, and the thermal ion kinetic damping effect with analytic theory. By using a global particle-in-cell code the effects of large orbit width and nonlocal mode structures can be accurately included. Damping rate due to numerical filtering is carefully monitored, and convergence with respect to particle number, grid resolution, etc., is thoroughly tested. The simulations show that the most unstable modes in ITER lie in the rage of 10 < n < 20. Thermal ion pressure effect and alpha particle nonperturbative effect are important in determining the mode radial location and stability threshold. The thermal ion Landau damping rate and radiative damping rate from the simulations are compared with analytical estimates. The thermal ion Landau damping is the dominant damping mechanism. Plasma elongation has a strong stabilizing effect on the alpha driven TAEs. The central alpha particle pressure threshold for the most unstable n = 15 mode is about beta(alpha)(0) = 0.7% for the fully shaped ITER equilibrium. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490213] C1 [Chen, Yang; Parker, Scott E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lang, J.; Fu, G. -Y.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU United States Department of Energy Plasma Energetic Particle Simulation Center FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy Plasma Energetic Particle Simulation Center. The simulations are carried out on the CRAY XT4 massively parallel process system at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102504 DI 10.1063/1.3490213 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200035 ER PT J AU Dorf, LA Intrator, T Sun, X Hendryx, J Wurden, GA Furno, I Lapenta, G AF Dorf, L. A. Intrator, T. Sun, X. Hendryx, J. Wurden, G. A. Furno, I. Lapenta, G. TI Measurements of velocity shear and ion viscosity profile in a magnetohydrodynamic plasma jet SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; REVERSED-FIELD PINCH; CROSS-SECTIONS; MACH PROBE; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; FLOW VELOCITY; UNMAGNETIZED PLASMAS; EDGE PLASMAS; HYDROGEN; COLLECTION AB Time-dependent, two-dimensional profiles of the axial flow velocity, density, electron temperature, and magnetic field components are measured at two axial locations in a screw pinch plasma column of the reconnection scaling experiment. The results show that the ion momentum flux for a given column radius is dissipated by the ion-ion Coulomb scattering viscosity due to a significant radial shear of the axial velocity. By comparing the terms of the magnetohydrodynamic momentum balance equation, radial profile of ion viscosity is determined. Chord-integrated ion temperature measurements performed at several radial locations using Doppler broadening spectroscopy show ion temperature of about 1 eV. Measured ion viscosity agrees within a factor of 2 with the classical Braginskii expectations. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478422] C1 [Dorf, L. A.; Intrator, T.; Sun, X.; Hendryx, J.; Wurden, G. A.; Furno, I.; Lapenta, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dorf, LA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 FU Los Alamos Laboratory under LANS [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; OFES; NSF; DOE FX This work was supported by Los Alamos Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under LANS Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, OFES, and Center for Magnetic Self Organization jointly funded by NSF and DOE. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102101 DI 10.1063/1.3478422 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200002 ER PT J AU Ferraro, NM Jardin, SC Snyder, PB AF Ferraro, N. M. Jardin, S. C. Snyder, P. B. TI Ideal and resistive edge stability calculations with M3D-C-1 SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED MODES; MHD STABILITY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; TRANSPORT BARRIER; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS; INSTABILITIES; PEDESTAL; PHYSICS; CODE AB Growth rates of edge localized modes for various benchmark equilibria, including a diverted equilibrium, are calculated using the nonideal fluid code M3D-C-1. Growth rates calculated by M3D-C-1 in the ideal limit are found to agree with those calculated by ideal magnetohydrodynamics codes. The effects of nonuniform density and resistivity profiles are explored, as well as the sensitivity of growth rates to the position of the ideal vacuum-plasma interface. Growth rates of the diverted equilibrium are found to be particularly sensitive to moving this interface inward from the separatrix, but less sensitive to extending the plasma region beyond the separatrix. The resistivity profile within the plasma is found not to affect growth rates significantly; however, growth rates may be greatly reduced by treating the outer region as a resistive plasma instead of an ideal vacuum. Indeed, it is found that for typical scrape-off layer (SOL) temperatures, the resistive SOL model behaves more like an ideal plasma than a vacuum. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492727] C1 [Ferraro, N. M.; Snyder, P. B.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Ferraro, N. M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Jardin, S. C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ferraro, NM (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ferraro@fusion.gat.com OI Ferraro, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6348-7827 FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG03-95ER54309, DE-AC05-06OR23100, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work has also been supported in part by U.S. DOE (Contract Nos. DE-FG03-95ER54309, DE-AC05-06OR23100, and DE-AC02-09CH11466) and the support of the U.S. DOE Fusion Energy Postdoctoral Research Program. We thank X. Luo, M. Shephard, and K. Jansen of the RPI SCOREC group for the implementation and support of unstructured meshing capabilities in M3D-C1, N. Aiba for providing the MEUDAS1 equilibrium, and S. Kruger for his contributions to the CBM18 and DBM18 equilibria. N. M. Ferraro thanks B. Burke for helpful conversations regarding NIMROD results. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102508 DI 10.1063/1.3492727 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200039 ER PT J AU Hicks, DG Spears, BK Braun, DG Olson, RE Sorce, CM Celliers, PM Collins, GW Landen, OL AF Hicks, D. G. Spears, B. K. Braun, D. G. Olson, R. E. Sorce, C. M. Celliers, P. M. Collins, G. W. Landen, O. L. TI Convergent ablator performance measurements SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IGNITION ENERGY; OMEGA LASER; RAY; EFFICIENT; CAPSULES; DENSITY; CODE AB The velocity and remaining ablator mass of an imploding capsule are critical metrics for assessing the progress toward ignition of an inertially confined fusion experiment. These and other convergent ablator performance parameters have been measured using a single streaked x-ray radiograph. Traditional Abel inversion of such a radiograph is ill-posed since backlighter intensity profiles and x-ray attenuation by the ablated plasma are unknown. To address this we have developed a regularization technique which allows the ablator density profile rho(r) and effective backlighter profile I-0(y) at each time step to be uniquely determined subject to the constraints that rho(r) is localized in radius space and I-0(y) is delocalized in object space. Moments of rho(r) then provide the time-resolved areal density, mass, and average radius (and thus velocity) of the remaining ablator material. These results are combined in the spherical rocket model to determine the ablation pressure and mass ablation rate during the implosion. The technique has been validated on simulated radiographs of implosions at the National Ignition Facility [Miller et al., Nucl. Fusion 44, 228 (2004)] and implemented on experiments at the OMEGA laser facility [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3486536] C1 [Hicks, D. G.; Spears, B. K.; Braun, D. G.; Sorce, C. M.; Celliers, P. M.; Collins, G. W.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Olson, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hicks, DG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hicks13@llnl.gov RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank the OMEGA operations crew at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics for their efforts during the experiment; A. Nikroo, H. Huang, and K. Moreno at General Atomics; R. Wallace at LLNL for target fabrication; and C. W. Mauche and B. G. Wilson for the hard x-ray opacity calculations. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 24 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102703 DI 10.1063/1.3486536 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200044 ER PT J AU Higginson, DP McNaney, JM Swift, DC Bartal, T Hey, DS Kodama, R Le Pape, S Mackinnon, A Mariscal, D Nakamura, H Nakanii, N Tanaka, KA Beg, FN AF Higginson, D. P. McNaney, J. M. Swift, D. C. Bartal, T. Hey, D. S. Kodama, R. Le Pape, S. Mackinnon, A. Mariscal, D. Nakamura, H. Nakanii, N. Tanaka, K. A. Beg, F. N. TI Laser generated neutron source for neutron resonance spectroscopy SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; DRIVEN; SOLIDS; BEAMS AB A neutron source for neutron resonance spectroscopy has been developed using high- intensity, short- pulse lasers. This technique will allow robust measurement of interior ion temperature of laser- shocked materials and provide insight into material equation of state. The neutron generation technique uses laser- accelerated protons to create neutrons in LiF through ( p, n) reactions. The incident proton beam has been diagnosed using radiochromic film. This distribution is used as the input for a (p, n) neutron prediction code which is validated with experimentally measured neutron yields. The calculation infers a total fluence of 1.8 x 10(9) neutrons, which are expected to be sufficient for neutron resonance spectroscopy temperature measurements. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [ doi: 10.1063/ 1.3484218] C1 [Higginson, D. P.; Bartal, T.; Mariscal, D.; Nakanii, N.; Beg, F. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Higginson, D. P.; McNaney, J. M.; Swift, D. C.; Bartal, T.; Hey, D. S.; Le Pape, S.; Mackinnon, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kodama, R.; Nakamura, H.; Nakanii, N.; Tanaka, K. A.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Kodama, R.; Nakanii, N.; Tanaka, K. A.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Higginson, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Higginson, Drew/G-5942-2016; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Higginson, Drew/0000-0002-7699-3788; FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors acknowledge the staff of the Jupiter Laser Facility for their assistance in the execution of this work. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 100701 DI 10.1063/1.3484218 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200001 ER PT J AU Ivanov, VV Astanovitskiy, AL Papp, D Chittenden, JP Bland, SN Jones, B Altemara, SD AF Ivanov, V. V. Astanovitskiy, A. L. Papp, D. Chittenden, J. P. Bland, S. N. Jones, B. Altemara, S. D. TI Study of transparent and nontransparent regimes of implosion in star wire arrays SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; X-RAY POWER; MODES AB Star wire arrays were used to control the imploding plasma flows and study plasma interpenetration. These arrays consisted of linear "rays" aligned azimuthally and extending from the vertical axis. Star arrays with two close located wires ("gates") instead of a single wire on the inner cylinder were studied for transparent and nontransparent regimes of propagation of imploding plasma through the gates. Nontransparent mode of collision is typical for regular star wire arrays and it was also observed in Al stars with gate wires of regular length and with the gate width of 0.3-2 mm. The cascade process of implosion in stars and trapping of imploding plasma in 1-2 mm gates were modeled with the three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamics code. The intermediate semitransparent mode of collision was observed in Al stars with long Al "gate" wires. A transparent mode was observed in Al stars with long stainless steel or W gate wires. Applications of wire arrays with controlled plasma flows are discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3488266] C1 [Ivanov, V. V.; Astanovitskiy, A. L.; Papp, D.; Altemara, S. D.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Chittenden, J. P.; Bland, S. N.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Jones, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Ivanov, VV (reprint author), Univ Nevada, 5625 Fox Ave, Reno, NV 89506 USA. FU DOE/NNSA [DE-FC52-06NA27616]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank A. L. Velikovich for useful discussions and comments, J. M. Kindel for support, and A. Haboub, E. McKee, V. Nalajala, S. Batie, B. Le Galloudec, and D. Macaulay for help. Work was supported by the DOE/NNSA under UNR Grant No. DE-FC52-06NA27616. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102702 DI 10.1063/1.3488266 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200043 ER PT J AU Meezan, NB Atherton, LJ Bond, EJ Callahan, DA Dewald, EL Dixit, S Dzenitis, EG Edwards, MJ Haynam, CA Hinkel, DE Jones, OS Landen, O London, RA Michel, PA Moody, JD Milovich, JL Schneider, MB Thomas, CA Town, RPJ Warrick, AL Weber, SV Widmann, K Glenzer, SH Suter, LJ MacGowan, BJ Kline, JL Kyrala, GA Nikroo, A AF Meezan, N. B. Atherton, L. J. Bond, E. J. Callahan, D. A. Dewald, E. L. Dixit, S. Dzenitis, E. G. Edwards, M. J. Haynam, C. A. Hinkel, D. E. Jones, O. S. Landen, O. London, R. A. Michel, P. A. Moody, J. D. Milovich, J. L. Schneider, M. B. Thomas, C. A. Town, R. P. J. Warrick, A. L. Weber, S. V. Widmann, K. Glenzer, S. H. Suter, L. J. MacGowan, B. J. Kline, J. L. Kyrala, G. A. Nikroo, A. TI National Ignition Campaign Hohlraum energetics (vol 17, 056304, 2010) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 [Meezan, N. B.; Atherton, L. J.; Bond, E. J.; Callahan, D. A.; Dewald, E. L.; Dixit, S.; Dzenitis, E. G.; Edwards, M. J.; Haynam, C. A.; Hinkel, D. E.; Jones, O. S.; Landen, O.; London, R. A.; Michel, P. A.; Moody, J. D.; Milovich, J. L.; Schneider, M. B.; Thomas, C. A.; Town, R. P. J.; Warrick, A. L.; Weber, S. V.; Widmann, K.; Glenzer, S. H.; Suter, L. J.; MacGowan, B. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kline, J. L.; Kyrala, G. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 93286 USA. RP Meezan, NB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meezan1@llnl.gov RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012; OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 109901 DI 10.1063/1.3484873 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200098 ER PT J AU Popovich, P Umansky, MV Carter, TA Friedman, B AF Popovich, P. Umansky, M. V. Carter, T. A. Friedman, B. TI Analysis of plasma instabilities and verification of the BOUT code for the Large Plasma Device SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZED PLASMA; TURBULENCE; COLUMN; WAVES; FLUCTUATIONS; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY; FIELD AB The properties of linear instabilities in the Large Plasma Device [W. Gekelman et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 2875 (1991)] are studied both through analytic calculations and solving numerically a system of linearized collisional plasma fluid equations using the three-dimensional fluid code BOUT [M. Umansky et al., Contrib. Plasma Phys. 180, 887 (2009)], which has been successfully modified to treat cylindrical geometry. Instability drive from plasma pressure gradients and flows is considered, focusing on resistive drift waves and the Kelvin-Helmholtz and rotational interchange instabilities. A general linear dispersion relation for partially ionized collisional plasmas including these modes is derived and analyzed. For Large Plasma Device relevant profiles including strongly driven flows, it is found that all three modes can have comparable growth rates and frequencies. Detailed comparison with solutions of the analytic dispersion relation demonstrates that BOUT accurately reproduces all characteristics of linear modes in this system. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3500283] C1 [Popovich, P.; Carter, T. A.; Friedman, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Popovich, P.; Carter, T. A.; Friedman, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Multiscale Plasma Dynam, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Umansky, M. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Popovich, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tcarter@physics.ucla.edu RI Carter, Troy/E-7090-2010 OI Carter, Troy/0000-0002-5741-0495 FU DOE Fusion Science Center [DE-FC02-04ER54785]; NSF [PHY-0903913]; LLNL, under DOE [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX This work was supported by DOE Fusion Science Center Cooperative Agreement, under Grant No. DE-FC02-04ER54785, by NSF, under Grant No. PHY-0903913, and by LLNL, under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. B. F. acknowledges support through appointment to the Fusion Energy Sciences Fellowship Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education under a contract between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102107 DI 10.1063/1.3500283 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200008 ER PT J AU Xu, JC Shen, BF Zhang, XM Wen, M Ji, LL Wang, WP Yu, YH Li, YL AF Xu, Jiancai Shen, Baifei Zhang, Xiaomei Wen, Meng Ji, Liangliang Wang, Wenpeng Yu, Yahong Li, Yuelin TI Overloading effect of energetic electrons in the bubble regime of laser wakefield acceleration SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID BEAMS AB The overloading effect of self-injected high-charge electron bunch in the bubble regime of laser wakefield acceleration is studied. When too many electrons are trapped by the bubble, the wakefield can be strongly modified, preventing further injection of the background electrons. This process is directly observed in two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation and is explained using a one-dimensional wake model. For obtaining significantly more energetic electrons, the use of a decreasing plasma density profile is proposed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3494237] C1 [Xu, Jiancai; Shen, Baifei; Zhang, Xiaomei; Wen, Meng; Ji, Liangliang; Wang, Wenpeng; Yu, Yahong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, State Key Lab High Field Laser Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Accelerator Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shen, BF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, State Key Lab High Field Laser Phys, POB 800-211, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. EM bfshen@mail.shcnc.ac.cn FU 973 Program [2006CB806004]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10834008, 60921004]; Shanghai Natural Science Foundation [10ZR1433800]; Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist [09XD1404300] FX This work is supported by the 973 Program (Contract No. 2006CB806004), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10834008 and 60921004), Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (Contract No. 10ZR1433800), and the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist (Contract No. 09XD1404300). NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 103108 DI 10.1063/1.3494237 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200062 ER PT J AU Zweben, SJ Maqueda, RJ Hager, R Hallatschek, K Kaye, SM Munsat, T Poli, FM Roquemore, AL Sechrest, Y Stotler, DP AF Zweben, S. J. Maqueda, R. J. Hager, R. Hallatschek, K. Kaye, S. M. Munsat, T. Poli, F. M. Roquemore, A. L. Sechrest, Y. Stotler, D. P. TI Quiet periods in edge turbulence preceding the L-H transition in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CONFINEMENT MODE; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; ZONAL FLOWS; POLOIDAL ROTATION; TOKAMAK EDGE; DIII-D; TRANSPORT; PHYSICS; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATIONS AB This paper describes the first observations in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [S. M. Kaye et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 1977 (2001)] of "quiet periods" in the edge turbulence preceding the low-to-high (L-H) mode transition, as diagnosed by the gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic near the outer midplane separatrix. During these quiet periods the GPI D-alpha light emission pattern was transiently similar to that seen during H-mode, i.e., with a relatively small fraction of the GPI light emission located outside the separatrix. These quiet periods had a frequency of similar to 3 kHz for at least 30 ms before the L-H transition, and were correlated with changes in the direction of the local poloidal velocity. The GPI turbulence images were also analyzed to obtain an estimate for the dimensionless poloidal shearing S = (dV(p)/dr)(L-r/L-p)tau. The values of S were strongly modulated by the quiet periods but did not significantly vary during the similar to 30 ms preceding the L-H transition. Since neither the quiet periods nor the shear flow increased immediately preceding the L-H transition, neither of these appears to be the trigger for this transition, at least for these cases in NSTX. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3476276] C1 [Zweben, S. J.; Maqueda, R. J.; Kaye, S. M.; Roquemore, A. L.; Stotler, D. P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Munsat, T.; Sechrest, Y.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hager, R.; Hallatschek, K.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Poli, F. M.] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Zweben, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI poli, francesca/C-2226-2008; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; OI poli, francesca/0000-0003-3959-4371; Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Hager, Robert/0000-0002-4624-3150 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FG02-08ER54995] FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contract Nos. DE-AC02-09CH11466 and DE-FG02-08ER54995. NR 52 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 102502 DI 10.1063/1.3476276 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200033 ER PT J AU Johnson, CV Steinberg, P AF Johnson, Clifford V. Steinberg, Peter TI A brief lesson in viscosity Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 [Johnson, Clifford V.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Steinberg, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnson, CV (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2010 VL 63 IS 10 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 662IR UT WOS:000282801500010 ER PT J AU Teng, LC Hildebrand, RH AF Teng, Lee C. Hildebrand, Roger H. TI Albert Victor Crewe obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Teng, Lee C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hildebrand, Roger H.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Teng, LC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2010 VL 63 IS 10 BP 66 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 662IR UT WOS:000282801500023 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Nuclear fear revisited SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 [Crease, Robert P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Crease, Robert P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 10 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 681DH UT WOS:000284289900033 ER PT J AU Keegstra, K AF Keegstra, Kenneth TI Plant Cell Walls SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; TRAFFICKING; PROTEINS; MODEL C1 [Keegstra, Kenneth] Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Keegstra, Kenneth] Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Keegstra, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM keegstra@msu.edu FU Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences in the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy via the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the Office of Science at the Department of Energy via the Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences in the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy via the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the Office of Science at the Department of Energy via the Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 113 Z9 123 U1 10 U2 64 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1104/pp.110.161240 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300013 PM 20921169 ER PT J AU Voelker, SL Lachenbruch, B Meinzer, FC Jourdes, M Ki, CY Patten, AM Davin, LB Lewis, NG Tuskan, GA Gunter, L Decker, SR Selig, MJ Sykes, R Himmel, ME Kitin, P Shevchenko, O Strauss, SH AF Voelker, Steven L. Lachenbruch, Barbara Meinzer, Frederick C. Jourdes, Michael Ki, Chanyoung Patten, Ann M. Davin, Laurence B. Lewis, Norman G. Tuskan, Gerald A. Gunter, Lee Decker, Stephen R. Selig, Michael J. Sykes, Robert Himmel, Michael E. Kitin, Peter Shevchenko, Olga Strauss, Steven H. TI Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; 4-COUMARATE-COA LIGASE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; VASCULAR INTEGRITY; TRANSGENIC POPLARS; QUAKING ASPEN AB Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba), we applied this strategy and examined field-grown transformants for both effects on wood biochemistry and tree productivity. The reductions in lignin contents obtained correlated well with 4CL RNA expression, with a sharp decrease in lignin amount being observed for RNA expression below approximately 50% of the nontransgenic control. Relatively small lignin reductions of approximately 10% were associated with reduced productivity, decreased wood syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratios, and a small increase in the level of incorporation of H-monomers (p-hydroxyphenyl) into cell walls. Transgenic events with less than approximately 50% 4CL RNA expression were characterized by patches of reddish-brown discolored wood that had approximately twice the extractive content of controls (largely complex polyphenolics). There was no evidence that substantially reduced lignin contents increased growth rates or saccharification potential. Our results suggest that the capacity for lignin reduction is limited; below a threshold, large changes in wood chemistry and plant metabolism were observed that adversely affected productivity and potential ethanol yield. They also underline the importance of field studies to obtain physiologically meaningful results and to support technology development with transgenic trees. C1 [Shevchenko, Olga; Strauss, Steven H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Voelker, Steven L.; Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jourdes, Michael; Ki, Chanyoung; Patten, Ann M.; Davin, Laurence B.; Lewis, Norman G.] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Tuskan, Gerald A.; Gunter, Lee; Decker, Stephen R.; Selig, Michael J.; Sykes, Robert; Himmel, Michael E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Decker, Stephen R.; Selig, Michael J.; Sykes, Robert; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kitin, Peter] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Lab Wood Biol & Xylarium, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steve.strauss@oregonstate.edu RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Kitin, Peter/D-9244-2014; Voelker, Steven/O-2909-2014; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture for wood utilization; Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative at Oregon State University FX This work was supported by a special grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture for wood utilization to the Department of Wood Science and Engineering. Funding for the establishment of the field trial was provided by the Tree Biosafety and Genomics Research Cooperative at Oregon State University. NR 73 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 154 IS 2 BP 874 EP 886 DI 10.1104/pp.110.159269 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658TM UT WOS:000282512300059 PM 20729393 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, SP Menard, JE Park, JK Bell, R Gates, DA Le Blanc, BP Sabbagh, SA Yuh, H AF Gerhardt, S. P. Menard, J. E. Park, J-K Bell, R. Gates, D. A. Le Blanc, B. P. Sabbagh, S. A. Yuh, H. TI Observation and correction of non-resonant error fields in NSTX SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID RESONANT MAGNETIC PERTURBATIONS; TOROIDAL-MOMENTUM DISSIPATION; DIII-D; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; TEARING MODES; LOCKED MODES; BETA; STABILITY; JET; STABILIZATION AB Experiments studying non-resonant error fields have been conducted in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) using a set of six midplane error field correction (EFC) coils. When scanning the amplitude and phase of an applied n = 3 field, an asymmetric response in the pulse length and plasma rotation has been observed; this indicates that there is an intrinsic n = 3 error field. By studying this asymmetry in plasmas with varying levels of plasma current, toroidal field and elongation, it has been concluded that the main vertical field coil is the source of the error field. Measurements of the coil shape indicate that the coil has a significant n = 3 distortion. The amplitude and phase of the applied n = 3 field, which is calculated to cancel this intrinsic error field in vacuum, are close to the experimentally derived optimal correction. Modeling of the neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) also shows that the total NTV torque is minimized for the EFC coils' current and phase determined to be optimal in the experiment. Experiments have also determined that n = 2 error fields are small, consistent with the calculated error field from the distorted vertical field coils. C1 [Gerhardt, S. P.; Menard, J. E.; Park, J-K; Bell, R.; Gates, D. A.; Le Blanc, B. P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Yuh, H.] Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Gerhardt, SP (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-09CH11466. The authors would like to thank Dennis Mueller, Roger Raman and Tim Stevenson for the skillful operation of NSTX for these experiments. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 52 IS 10 AR 104003 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/10/104003 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670AF UT WOS:000283391000005 ER PT J AU In, Y Chu, MS Jackson, GL Kim, JS La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Marrelli, L Okabayashi, M Reimerdes, H Strait, EJ AF In, Y. Chu, M. S. Jackson, G. L. Kim, J. S. La Haye, R. J. Liu, Y. Q. Marrelli, L. Okabayashi, M. Reimerdes, H. Strait, E. J. TI Requirements for active resistive wall mode (RWM) feedback control SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID DIII-D; EXTERNAL-MODES; STABILIZATION; TOKAMAKS; COILS; STABILITY; ROTATION; PLASMAS AB The requirements for active resistive wall mode (RWM) feedback control have been systematically investigated and established using highly reproducible current-driven RWMs in ohmic discharges in DIII-D. The unambiguous evaluation of active RWM feedback control was not possible in previous RWM studies primarily due to the variability of the onset of the pressure-driven RWMs; the stability of the pressure-driven RWM is thought to be sensitive to various passive stabilization mechanisms. Both feedback control specifications and physics requirements for RWM stabilization have been clarified using the current-driven RWMs in ohmic discharges, when little or no passive stabilization effects are present. The use of derivative gain on top of proportional gain is found to be advantageous. An effective feedback control system should be equipped with a power supply with bandwidth greater than the RWM growth rate. It is beneficial to apply a feedback field that is toroidally phase-shifted from the measured RWM phase in the same direction as the plasma current. The efficacy of the RWM feedback control will ultimately be determined by the plasma fluctuations on internal diagnostics, as well as on external magnetics. The proximity of the feedback coils to the plasma appears to be an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the RWM feedback coils. It is desirable that an RWM feedback control system simultaneously handles error field correction at a low frequency, along with direct RWM feedback at a high frequency. There is an indication of the influence of a second least stable RWM, which had been theoretically predicted but never identified in experiments. A preliminary investigation based on active MHD spectroscopic measurement showed a strong plasma response around 400 Hz where the typical plasma response associated with the first least stable RWM was expected to be negligible. Present active feedback control requirements are based on a single mode assumption, so the investigation of the second least stable RWM is of high interest. C1 [In, Y.; Kim, J. S.] FAR TECH Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Chu, M. S.; Jackson, G. L.; La Haye, R. J.; Strait, E. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Liu, Y. Q.] Euratom CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Marrelli, L.] Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Okabayashi, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Reimerdes, H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP In, Y (reprint author), FAR TECH Inc, 3550 Gen Atom Court,Bldg 15,Suite 155, San Diego, CA USA. RI Marrelli, Lionello/G-4451-2013 OI Marrelli, Lionello/0000-0001-5370-080X FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER84442, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FG02-89ER53297] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FG02-06ER84442, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466 and DE-FG02-89ER53297. The authors are grateful to all the staff members in the DIII-D team for the successful operation of the machine. They are also grateful to Dr M Austin for ECE measurements, Dr C Holcomb for MSE diagnostic analysis and Dr A Turnbull for stability discussions. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 52 IS 10 AR 104004 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/10/104004 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670AF UT WOS:000283391000006 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Chu, MS Guo, WF Villone, F Albanese, R Ambrosino, G Baruzzo, M Bolzonella, T Chapman, IT Garofalo, AM Gimblett, CG Hastie, RJ Hender, TC Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lanctot, MJ In, Y Marchiori, G Okabayashi, M Paccagnella, R Palumbo, MF Pironti, A Reimerdes, H Rubinacci, G Soppelsa, A Strait, EJ Ventre, S Yadykin, D AF Liu, Yueqiang Chu, M. S. Guo, W. F. Villone, F. Albanese, R. Ambrosino, G. Baruzzo, M. Bolzonella, T. Chapman, I. T. Garofalo, A. M. Gimblett, C. G. Hastie, R. J. Hender, T. C. Jackson, G. L. La Haye, R. J. Lanctot, M. J. In, Y. Marchiori, G. Okabayashi, M. Paccagnella, R. Palumbo, M. Furno Pironti, A. Reimerdes, H. Rubinacci, G. Soppelsa, A. Strait, E. J. Ventre, S. Yadykin, D. TI Resistive wall mode control code maturity: progress and specific examples SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; MHD STABILITY; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS AB Two issues of the resistive wall mode (RWM) control code maturity are addressed: the inclusion of advanced mode damping physics beyond the ideal MHD description, and the possibility of taking into account the influence of 3D features of the conducting structures on the mode stability and control. Examples of formulations and computational results are given, using the MARS-F/K codes and the CarMa code. The MARS-K calculations for a DIII-D plasma shows that the fast ion contributions, which can give additional drift kinetic stabilization in the perturbative approach, also drive an extra unstable branch of mode in the self-consistent kinetic modelling. The CarMa modelling for the ITER steady state advanced plasmas shows about 20% reduction in the RWM growth rate by the volumetric blanket modules. The multi-mode analysis predicts a weak interaction between the n = 0 and the n = 1 RWMs, due to the 3D ITER walls. The CarMa code is also successfully applied to model the realistic feedback experiments in RFX. C1 [Liu, Yueqiang; Chapman, I. T.; Gimblett, C. G.; Hastie, R. J.; Hender, T. C.] EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Chu, M. S.; Garofalo, A. M.; Jackson, G. L.; La Haye, R. J.; Strait, E. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Guo, W. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, ASIPP Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Villone, F.; Ambrosino, G.; Palumbo, M. Furno; Pironti, A.; Ventre, S.] Univ Cassino, DAEIMI, ENEA CREATE, I-03043 Cassino, FR, Italy. [Albanese, R.; Rubinacci, G.] Univ Naples Federico 2, ENEA CREATE, Naples, Italy. [Baruzzo, M.; Bolzonella, T.; Marchiori, G.; Paccagnella, R.; Soppelsa, A.] Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Lanctot, M. J.; Reimerdes, H.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [In, Y.] FAR TECH Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Okabayashi, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Yadykin, D.] Chalmers, Euratom VR Fus Assoc, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM yueqiang.liu@ccfe.ac.uk RI Soppelsa, Anton/G-6971-2011; Marchiori, Giuseppe/I-6853-2013; Albanese, Raffaele/B-5394-2016; OI Albanese, Raffaele/0000-0003-4586-8068; Ambrosino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-2549-2772 FU United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G003955]; European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE; US Department of Energy [DE-FG03-956ER54309]; Italian MIUR [2008E7J7A3] FX This work was partly funded by the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant EP/G003955 and the European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Work also supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FG03-956ER54309, and by the Italian MIUR under PRIN grant #2008E7J7A3. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 52 IS 10 AR 104002 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/10/104002 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670AF UT WOS:000283391000004 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Makowski, MA Umansky, MV AF Ryutov, D. D. Makowski, M. A. Umansky, M. V. TI Local properties of the magnetic field in a snowflake divertor SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK AB The power-law series for the poloidal magnetic flux function, up to the third-order terms, is presented for the case where two nulls of the poloidal magnetic field are separated by a small distance, as in a snowflake divertor. Distinct from the earlier results, no assumptions about the field symmetry are made. Conditions for the realization of an exact snowflake are expressed in terms of the coefficients of the power series. It is shown that, by a proper choice of the coordinate frame in the poloidal plane, one can obtain efficient similarity solutions for the separatrices and flux surfaces in the divertor region: the whole variety of flux surface shapes can be characterized by a single dimensionless parameter. Transition from a snowflake-minus to a snowflake-plus configuration in the case of no particular symmetry is described. The effect of the finite toroidal current density in the divertor region is assessed for the case of no particular symmetry. C1 [Ryutov, D. D.; Makowski, M. A.; Umansky, M. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD OCT PY 2010 VL 52 IS 10 AR 105001 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/10/105001 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670AF UT WOS:000283391000009 ER PT J AU Barnat, EV Frederickson, K AF Barnat, E. V. Frederickson, K. TI Two-dimensional mapping of electron densities and temperatures using laser-collisional induced fluorescence SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RATE COEFFICIENTS; ATOM COLLISIONS; GLOW-DISCHARGE; HELIUM PLASMA; ARGON; SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGNOSTICS; MODEL AB We discuss the application of the laser-collisional induced fluorescence (LCIF) technique to produce two-dimensional maps of both electron densities and electron temperatures in a helium plasma. A collisional-radiative model (CRM) is used to describe the evolution of electronic states after laser excitation. We discuss generalizations to the time dependent results which are useful for simplifying data acquisition and analysis. LCIF measurements are performed in plasma containing densities ranging from similar to 10(9) electrons cm(-3) and approaching 10(11) electrons cm(-3) and comparison is made between the predictions made by the CRM and the measurements. Finally, spatial and temporal evolution of an ion sheath formed during a pulse bias is measured to demonstrate this technique. C1 [Barnat, E. V.; Frederickson, K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barnat, EV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-SC0001939'] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science Contract DE-SC0001939' NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 AR 055015 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/19/5/055015 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 653MW UT WOS:000282096600015 ER PT J AU Kerfeld, CA Gross, L AF Kerfeld, Cheryl A. Gross, Liza TI Open Education, Open Minds SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] US DOE, Struct Genom Program, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] US DOE, Educ Program, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gross, Liza] Publ Lib Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Kerfeld, CA (reprint author), US DOE, Struct Genom Program, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM lgross@plos.org NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 8 IS 10 AR e1000508 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000508 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 671IQ UT WOS:000283495100009 ER PT J AU Barua, D Kim, J Reed, JL AF Barua, Dipak Kim, Joonhoon Reed, Jennifer L. TI An Automated Phenotype-Driven Approach (GeneForce) for Refining Metabolic and Regulatory Models SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; TYPHIMURIUM LT2; NETWORK MODELS; PRPBCDE OPERON; EXPRESSION; GENE; RECONSTRUCTION; PROPIONATE AB Integrated constraint-based metabolic and regulatory models can accurately predict cellular growth phenotypes arising from genetic and environmental perturbations. Challenges in constructing such models involve the limited availability of information about transcription factor-gene target interactions and computational methods to quickly refine models based on additional datasets. In this study, we developed an algorithm, GeneForce, to identify incorrect regulatory rules and gene-protein-reaction associations in integrated metabolic and regulatory models. We applied the algorithm to refine integrated models of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, and experimentally validated some of the algorithm's suggested refinements. The adjusted E. coli model showed improved accuracy (similar to 80.0%) for predicting growth phenotypes for 50,557 cases (knockout mutants tested for growth in different environmental conditions). In addition to identifying needed model corrections, the algorithm was used to identify native E. coli genes that, if over-expressed, would allow E. coli to grow in new environments. We envision that this approach will enable the rapid development and assessment of genome-scale metabolic and regulatory network models for less characterized organisms, as such models can be constructed from genome annotations and cis-regulatory network predictions. C1 [Barua, Dipak; Kim, Joonhoon; Reed, Jennifer L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Barua, Dipak; Kim, Joonhoon; Reed, Jennifer L.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Barua, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM reed@engr.wisc.edu RI Reed, Jennifer/E-5137-2011; Kim, Joonhoon/E-6253-2012 OI Kim, Joonhoon/0000-0002-7425-1828 FU U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494) and by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomics: GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium and the Microbial Genome Program (DE-AC05-76RLO 1830). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 10 AR e1000970 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000970 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 673ID UT WOS:000283651900004 PM 21060853 ER PT J AU Gnanakaran, S Daniels, MG Bhattacharya, T Lapedes, AS Sethi, A Li, M Tang, HL Greene, K Gao, HM Haynes, BF Cohen, MS Shaw, GM Seaman, MS Kumar, A Gao, F Montefiori, DC Korber, B AF Gnanakaran, S. Daniels, Marcus G. Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Lapedes, Alan S. Sethi, Anurag Li, Ming Tang, Haili Greene, Kelli Gao, Hongmei Haynes, Barton F. Cohen, Myron S. Shaw, George M. Seaman, Michael S. Kumar, Amit Gao, Feng Montefiori, David C. Korber, Bette TI Genetic Signatures in the Envelope Glycoproteins of HIV-1 that Associate with Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CORECEPTOR BINDING-SITE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CD4-BINDING SITE; RECEPTOR-BINDING; POINT MUTATION; VACCINE DESIGN; ENV CLONES; SUBTYPE-B; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN AB A steady increase in knowledge of the molecular and antigenic structure of the gp120 and gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) is yielding important new insights for vaccine design, but it has been difficult to translate this information to an immunogen that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies. To help bridge this gap, we used phylogenetically corrected statistical methods to identify amino acid signature patterns in Envs derived from people who have made potently neutralizing antibodies, with the hypothesis that these Envs may share common features that would be useful for incorporation in a vaccine immunogen. Before attempting this, essentially as a control, we explored the utility of our computational methods for defining signatures of complex neutralization phenotypes by analyzing Env sequences from 251 clonal viruses that were differentially sensitive to neutralization by the well-characterized gp120-specific monoclonal antibody, b12. We identified ten b12-neutralization signatures, including seven either in the b12-binding surface of gp120 or in the V2 region of gp120 that have been previously shown to impact b12 sensitivity. A simple algorithm based on the b12 signature pattern was predictive of b12 sensitivity/resistance in an additional blinded panel of 57 viruses. Upon obtaining these reassuring outcomes, we went on to apply these same computational methods to define signature patterns in Env from HIV-1 infected individuals who had potent, broadly neutralizing responses. We analyzed a checkerboard-style neutralization dataset with sera from 69 HIV-1-infected individuals tested against a panel of 25 different Envs. Distinct clusters of sera with high and low neutralization potencies were identified. Six signature positions in Env sequences obtained from the 69 samples were found to be strongly associated with either the high or low potency responses. Five sites were in the CD4-induced coreceptor binding site of gp120, suggesting an important role for this region in the elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1. C1 [Gnanakaran, S.; Sethi, Anurag] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Li, Ming; Tang, Haili; Greene, Kelli; Gao, Hongmei; Montefiori, David C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Haynes, Barton F.; Kumar, Amit; Gao, Feng] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Cohen, Myron S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Shaw, George M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Shaw, George M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Seaman, Michael S.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Gnanakaran, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM btk@lanl.gov RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (US National Institutes of Health); Center for Nonlinear Studies FX This work was supported by the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) and the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (US National Institutes of Health). We also acknowledge funding from the US NIH for production of mAb b12 and NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program for molecular Env clones and sequences. Finally, we acknowledge the Center for Nonlinear Studies for support for AS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 130 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 10 AR e1000955 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000955 PG 26 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 673ID UT WOS:000283651900020 PM 20949103 ER PT J AU Oh, J Fung, E Schlecht, U Davis, RW Giaever, G St Onge, RP Deutschbauer, A Nislow, C AF Oh, Julia Fung, Eula Schlecht, Ulrich Davis, Ronald W. Giaever, Guri St Onge, Robert P. Deutschbauer, Adam Nislow, Corey TI Gene Annotation and Drug Target Discovery in Candida albicans with a Tagged Transposon Mutant Collection SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE GENOME; MODE-OF-ACTION; FILAMENTOUS GROWTH; BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS; DELETION MUTANTS; LARGE-SCALE; YEAST; HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY; VIRULENCE; MUTAGENESIS AB Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, causing infections that can be lethal in immunocompromised patients. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model for C. albicans, it lacks C. albicans' diverse morphogenic forms and is primarily non-pathogenic. Comprehensive genetic analyses that have been instrumental for determining gene function in S. cerevisiae are hampered in C. albicans, due in part to limited resources to systematically assay phenotypes of loss-of-function alleles. Here, we constructed and screened a library of 3633 tagged heterozygous transposon disruption mutants, using them in a competitive growth assay to examine nutrient- and drug-dependent haploinsufficiency. We identified 269 genes that were haploinsufficient in four growth conditions, the majority of which were condition-specific. These screens identified two new genes necessary for filamentous growth as well as ten genes that function in essential processes. We also screened 57 chemically diverse compounds that more potently inhibited growth of C. albicans versus S. cerevisiae. For four of these compounds, we examined the genetic basis of this differential inhibition. Notably, Sec7p was identified as the target of brefeldin A in C. albicans screens, while S. cerevisiae screens with this compound failed to identify this target. We also uncovered a new C. albicans-specific target, Tfp1p, for the synthetic compound 0136-0228. These results highlight the value of haploinsufficiency screens directly in this pathogen for gene annotation and drug target identification. C1 [Oh, Julia; Davis, Ronald W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Oh, Julia; Fung, Eula; Schlecht, Ulrich; Davis, Ronald W.; St Onge, Robert P.] Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Giaever, Guri] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Giaever, Guri; Nislow, Corey] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Giaever, Guri; Nislow, Corey] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Giaever, Guri; Nislow, Corey] Donnelley Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Deutschbauer, Adam] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Deutschbauer, Adam] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oh, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM corey.nislow@gmail.com OI Nislow, Corey/0000-0002-4016-8874 FU National Human Genome Research Institute [HG000205, T32 HG00044]; CIHR [MOP-81340, MOP-84305]; Canadian Cancer Society [020380]; National Institutes of Health [P01 GH000205]; [RO1 HG003317] FX C.N., G.G., and R.W.D. were supported by a grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute (Grant Number HG000205). Additional support included RO1 HG003317 (C.N. and G.G.), CIHR MOP-81340 (G.G.), CIHR MOP-84305 (C.N.), and Canadian Cancer Society (#020380). J.O. was supported by the Stanford Genome Training Program (Grant Number T32 HG00044 from the National Human Genome Research Institute) and the National Institutes of Health (Grant Number P01 GH000205). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 40 Z9 584 U1 0 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 6 IS 10 AR e1001140 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001140 PG 18 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 673IG UT WOS:000283652200016 PM 20949076 ER PT J AU Androsch, R Di Lorenzo, ML Schick, C Wunderlich, B AF Androsch, Rene Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura Schick, Christoph Wunderlich, Bernhard TI Mesophases in polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(1-butene) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Equilibrium; Mesophase; Metastability; Molecular motion; Phase transition; Poly(1-butene); Polyethylene; Polypropylene; Structure; Thermodynamics ID EXTENDED-CHAIN CRYSTALS; STATE C-13 NMR; HYDROGENATED OLIGOCYCLOPENTADIENE BLENDS; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED CALORIMETRY; GAMMA-ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; POLYBUTENE-1 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RIGID AMORPHOUS FRACTION; X-RAY; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; MESOMORPHIC PHASE AB This paper contains new views about the amorphous and partially ordered phases of the three polymers listed in the title. The discussion is based on information on structure, thermodynamic stability, and large-amplitude molecular motion. Polyethylene is the basic backbone of all alkene polymers, and the other two are the first members of the vinyl polymers which have stereospecifically placed alkyl side chains. Their multiphase structures consist of metastable crystals, mesophases, and surrounding rigid and mobile amorphous fractions. All these phases have sizes ranging from micrometer dimensions down to nanometers. Besides the phase structures, information about the molecular coupling between the phases must be considered. Depending on temperature, the polymer phases can vary from solid (rigid) to liquid (mobile). New knowledge is also gained by cross-comparison of the title polymers. The experimental information was gained from (a) various forms of slow, fast, and temperature-modulated thermal analysis to identify equilibrium and non-equilibrium states, (b) measurement of structure and morphology at various length scales, and (c) tracing of the large-amplitude molecular motion, the kinetics of order/disorder changes, and the liquid/solid transitions (glass transitions). It is shown that much more needs to be known about the various phases and their coupling to characterize a given polymer and to fine-tune its properties for a given application. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Androsch, Rene] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Ctr Engn Sci, D-06099 Halle, Germany. [Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura] CNR, Ist Chim & Tecnol Polimeri, I-80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy. [Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Wunderlich, Bernhard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wunderlich, Bernhard] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Wunderlich@CharterTN.net RI Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009; Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura/N-5692-2015 OI Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491; FU Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation [DMR-9703692]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DOE-AC05-00OR22725]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); European Union; U.S. Department of Energy, [00OR22725] FX Until 2006, the work at The University of Tennessee at Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Polymers Program, Grant # DMR-9703692 and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DOE-AC05-00OR22725.; The research on isotactic polypropylene presented in this paper has partly been funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (RA and CS) and the European Union (CS). NR 182 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 8 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 21 BP 4639 EP 4662 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.033 PG 24 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 656RO UT WOS:000282354500001 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, M Strzalka, J Wang, J Darling, SB AF Ramanathan, Muruganathan Strzalka, Joseph Wang, Jin Darling, Seth B. TI Asymmetric morphology from an organic/organometallic block copolymer SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Block copolymer; Polymer materials; Self-assembly ID THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; PHASE AB Block copolymer self-assembly is a burgeoning subject in polymer and materials science driven by both fundamental and applied inspirations. Whereas the vast majority of block copolymer studies have focused on highly symmetric morphologies, here we report the first observation of an unusual asymmetric cylindrical phase in thick films of an organic/organometallic block copolymer, poly(styrene-blockferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PS-b-PFS). Microscopy and X-ray scattering data establish the lack of symmetry in this structure and reveal an unusual 3-D network organization. Following selective removal of the PS matrix, the remaining nanoporous film has characteristics of potential value in separation applications such as substantial interconnection (mechanical strength), uniform pore size, and chemical and physical stability. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramanathan, Muruganathan; Darling, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Strzalka, Joseph; Wang, Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Darling, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov RI Ramanathan, Muruganathan/B-6890-2011; Ramanathan, Muruganathan/A-3641-2013; OI Ramanathan, Muruganathan/0000-0001-7008-1131; Strzalka, Joseph/0000-0003-4619-8932 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX We thank V. Joshi for assistance with acquiring cross-sectional SEM images. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 21 BP 4663 EP 4666 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.012 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 656RO UT WOS:000282354500002 ER PT J AU Albrow, MG Coughlin, TD Forshaw, JR AF Albrow, M. G. Coughlin, T. D. Forshaw, J. R. TI Central exclusive particle production at high energy hadron colliders SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE QCD; Higgs; Diffraction ID DOUBLE-POMERON-EXCHANGE; INTERSECTING STORAGE-RINGS; PROTON ELASTIC-SCATTERING; GAMMA-GAMMA-PRODUCTION; PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; CHI-MESON PRODUCTION; TOTAL CROSS-SECTION; BOSON PRODUCTION; PP COLLISIONS; LUMINOSITY MEASUREMENT AB We review the subject of central exclusive particle production at high energy hadron colliders In particular we consider reactions of the type A + B -> A + X + B where X is a fully specified system of particles that is well separated in rapidity from the outgoing beam particles We focus on the case where the colliding particles are strongly interacting and mainly they will be protons (or antiprotons) as at the ISR, Sp (p) over barS Tevatron and LHC The data are surveyed and placed within the context of theoretical developments (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Forshaw, J. R.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Coughlin, T. D.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Albrow, M. G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Forshaw, JR (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. FU UK s STFC; US Dept of Energy FX We should like to thank the very many of our colleagues who have made our ventures Into central exclusive production such a pleasure Particular thanks are due to Paul Bell Mike Birse, Frank Close, Brian Cox Dino Gouhanos, Valery Khoze Krzysztof Piotrzkowski Andy Pilkington and Misha Ryskin We should like also to thank the UK s STFC and the US Dept of Energy for financial support NR 224 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 EI 1873-2224 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS JI Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 65 IS 2 BP 149 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2010.06.001 PG 36 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 685XR UT WOS:000284661900001 ER PT J AU Xu, JC Smith, JC AF Xu, Jiancong Smith, Jeremy C. TI Probing the mechanism of cellulosome attachment to the Clostridium thermocellum cell surface: computer simulation of the Type II cohesin-dockerin complex and its variants SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE cellulosome; cohesin-dockerin; free-energy; perturbation; molecular dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; MODULE; CELLULOLYTICUM; DETERMINANTS; SPECIFICITY; SCAFFOLDIN AB The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysis is the bottleneck in cellulosic ethanol production. Efficient degradation of biomass by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum is carried out by the multicomponent cellulosome complex. The bacterial cell-surface attachment of the cellulosome is mediated by high-affinity protein-protein interactions between the Type II cohesin domain borne by the cell envelope protein and the Type II dockerin domain, together with neighboring X-module present at the C-terminus of the scaffolding protein (Type II coh-Xdoc). Here, the Type II coh-Xdoc interaction is probed using molecular dynamics simulations, free-energy calculations and essential dynamics analyses on both the wild type and various mutants of the C. thermocellum Type II coh-Xdoc in aqueous solution. The simulations identify the hot spots, i.e. the amino acid residues that may lead to a dramatic decrease in binding affinity upon mutation and also probe the effects of mutations on the mode of binding. The results suggest that bulky and hydrophobic residues at the protein interface, which make specific contacts with their counterparts, may play essential roles in retaining a rigid cohesin-dockerin interface. Moreover, dynamical cross-correlation analysis indicates that the X-module has a dramatic effect on the cohesin-dockerin interaction and is required for the dynamical integrity of the interface. C1 [Xu, Jiancong; Smith, Jeremy C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xu, Jiancong; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Xu, Jiancong; Smith, Jeremy C.] BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Xu, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM xujc@u.washington.edu RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 FU BioEnergy Science Center; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; National Science Foundation through National Institute for Computational Sciences FX The work was supported by a grant from the BioEnergy Science Center. The BioEnergy Science Center is a US Department of Energy BioEnergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. The research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by the National Institute for Computational Sciences. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 23 IS 10 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1093/protein/gzq049 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 666FE UT WOS:000283098300002 PM 20682763 ER PT J AU Banigan, JR Mandal, K Sawaya, MR Thammavongsa, V Hendrickx, APA Schneewind, O Yeates, TO Kent, SBH AF Banigan, James R. Mandal, Kalyaneswar Sawaya, Michael R. Thammavongsa, Vilasak Hendrickx, Antoni P. A. Schneewind, Olaf Yeates, Todd O. Kent, Stephen B. H. TI Determination of the X-ray structure of the snake venom protein omwaprin by total chemical synthesis and racemic protein crystallography SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE omwaprin; chemical protein synthesis; racemic crystallography; direct methods; venom protein ID PHASE PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; ANOMALOUS SCATTERING; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENANTIOMERS; REFINEMENT; TOXIN AB The 50-residue snake venom protein L-omwaprin and its enantiomer D-omwaprin were prepared by total chemical synthesis. Radial diffusion assays were performed against Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus anthracis; both L- and D-omwaprin showed antibacterial activity against B. megaterium. The native protein enantiomer, made of L-amino acids, failed to crystallize readily. However, when a racemic mixture containing equal amounts of L- and D-omwaprin was used, diffraction quality crystals were obtained. The racemic protein sample crystallized in the centrosymmetric space group P2(1)/c and its structure was determined at atomic resolution (1.33 angstrom) by a combination of Patterson and direct methods based on the strong scattering from the sulfur atoms in the eight cysteine residues per protein. Racemic crystallography once again proved to be a valuable method for obtaining crystals of recalcitrant proteins and for determining high-resolution X-ray structures by direct methods. C1 [Banigan, James R.; Mandal, Kalyaneswar; Kent, Stephen B. H.] Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Banigan, James R.; Mandal, Kalyaneswar; Kent, Stephen B. H.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Mandal, Kalyaneswar; Kent, Stephen B. H.] Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sawaya, Michael R.; Yeates, Todd O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sawaya, Michael R.; Yeates, Todd O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Thammavongsa, Vilasak; Hendrickx, Antoni P. A.; Schneewind, Olaf] Univ Chicago, Dept Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hendrickx, Antoni P. A.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Microbiol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Yeates, Todd O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Inst Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kent, SBH (reprint author), GCIS W204,929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM skent@uchicago.edu OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839; Sawaya, Michael/0000-0003-0874-9043 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64501DE-FC03-02ER63421]; National Institutes of Health [5R01 GM075993]; Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association; US Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Grant sponsor: Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy; Grant number: DE-FG02-07ER64501DE-FC03-02ER63421; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant number: 5R01 GM075993; Grant sponsors: Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association; US Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Grant number: DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1840 EP 1849 DI 10.1002/pro.468 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 661HO UT WOS:000282716900004 PM 20669184 ER PT J AU Laganowsky, A Eisenberg, D AF Laganowsky, A. Eisenberg, D. TI Non-3D domain swapped crystal structure of truncated zebrafish alphaA crystallin SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; small heat shock protein; protein chaperone; cataract; eye lens transparency; alpha crystallin ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; X-RAY-ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY REVEALS; EYE LENS TRANSPARENCY; A-CRYSTALLIN; GAMMA-CRYSTALLIN; B-CRYSTALLIN; CONSERVED DOMAIN; SUBUNIT EXCHANGE; EXPRESSION AB In previous work on truncated alpha crystallins (Laganowsky et al., Protein Sci 2010; 19:1031-1043), we determined crystal structures of the alpha crystallin core, a seven beta-stranded immunoglobulin-like domain, with its conserved C-terminal extension. These extensions swap into neighboring cores forming oligomeric assemblies. The extension is palindromic in sequence, binding in either of two directions. Here, we report the crystal structure of a truncated alphaA crystallin (AAC) from zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealing C-terminal extensions in a non three-dimensional (3D) domain swapped, "closed" state. The extension is quasi-palindromic, bound within its own zebrafish core domain, lying in the opposite direction to that of bovine AAC, which is bound within an adjacent core domain (Laganowsky et al., Protein Sci 2010; 19:1031-1043). Our findings establish that the C-terminal extension of alpha crystallin proteins can be either 3D domain swapped or non-3D domain swapped. This duality provides another molecular mechanism for alpha crystallin proteins to maintain the polydispersity that is crucial for eye lens transparency. C1 [Eisenberg, D.] UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Prote, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Laganowsky, A.; Eisenberg, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Prote, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu RI Eisenberg, David/E-2447-2011 FU NIH [5T32GM008496]; DOE BER [DE-FC02-02ER63421]; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR-15301]; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Grant sponsor: NIH Chemistry Biology Interface Training Program; Grant number: 5T32GM008496; Grant sponsor: DOE BER; Grant number: DE-FC02-02ER63421; Grant sponsor: NIH National Center for Research Resources; Grant number: RR-15301; Grant sponsor: DOE; Grant number: DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1978 EP 1984 DI 10.1002/pro.471 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 661HO UT WOS:000282716900015 PM 20669149 ER PT J AU Lam, R Romanov, V Johns, K Battaile, KP Wu-Brown, J Guthrie, JL Hausinger, RP Pai, EF Chirgadze, NY AF Lam, Robert Romanov, Vladimir Johns, Kathy Battaile, Kevin P. Wu-Brown, Jean Guthrie, Jennifer L. Hausinger, Robert P. Pai, Emil F. Chirgadze, Nickolay Y. TI Crystal structure of a truncated urease accessory protein UreF from Helicobacter pylori SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE urease; sequence conservation; ConSurf; protein-protein interactions; dimer; bacteria ID KLEBSIELLA-AEROGENES UREASE; GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN; NICKEL-BINDING; METAL-BINDING; ACTIVE-SITE; IN-VIVO; PHYLOGENETIC INFORMATION; METALLOCHAPERONE UREE; APOPROTEIN COMPLEXES; BACILLUS-PASTEURII AB Urease plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori in humans. Maturation of this nickel metalloenzyme in bacteria requires the participation of the accessory proteins UreD (termed UreH in H. pylori), UreF, and UreG, which form sequential complexes with the urease apoprotein as well as UreE, a metallochaperone. Here, we describe the crystal structure of C-terminal truncated UreF from H. pylori (residues 1-233), the first UreF structure to be determined, at 1.55 angstrom resolution using SAD methods. UreF forms a dimer in vitro and adopts an all-helical fold congruent with secondary structure prediction. On the basis of evolutionary conservation analysis, the structure reveals a probable binding surface for interaction with other urease components as well as key conserved residues of potential functional relevance. C1 [Chirgadze, Nickolay Y.] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Lam, Robert; Romanov, Vladimir; Johns, Kathy; Wu-Brown, Jean; Guthrie, Jennifer L.; Pai, Emil F.] Univ Hlth Network, Div Canc Genom & Prote, Ontario Canc Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. [Battaile, Kevin P.] Argonne Natl Lab, IMCA CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hausinger, Robert P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hausinger, Robert P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pai, Emil F.] Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Pai, Emil F.] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys & Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Chirgadze, NY (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, 1 Kings Coll Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. EM nchirgad@uhnresearch.ca RI Pai, Emil/D-2526-2013; OI Battaile, Kevin/0000-0003-0833-3259; Pai, Emil/0000-0002-1162-7242; Hausinger, Robert/0000-0002-3643-2054; Guthrie, Jennifer/0000-0001-8565-203X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38]; Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund [99-SEP-0512]; National Institutes of Health [DK45686]; Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association FX Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Grant number: W-31-109-Eng-38; Grant sponsor: Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund; Grant number: 99-SEP-0512; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant number: DK45686; Grant sponsor: Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association NR 71 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT PY 2010 VL 78 IS 13 BP 2839 EP 2848 DI 10.1002/prot.22802 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 646LJ UT WOS:000281541800011 PM 20635345 ER PT J AU Tian, ZX Zhao, R Tolic, N Moore, RJ Stenoien, DL Robinson, EW Smith, RD Pasa-Tolic, L AF Tian, Zhixin Zhao, Rui Tolic, Nikola Moore, Ronald J. Stenoien, David L. Robinson, Errol W. Smith, Richard D. Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana TI Two-dimensional liquid chromatography system for online top-down mass spectrometry SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE 2-D chromatography; ESI-MS/MS; Histone; PTM; Technology; Top-down ID HISTONE H4; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; PROTEINS; ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDES AB An online metal-free weak cation exchange-hydrophilic interaction LC/RPLC system has been developed for sensitive, high-throughput top-down MS. Here, we report results for analyzing PTMs of core histones, with a focus on histone H4, using this system. With just similar to 24 mu g on-column of core histones (H4, H2B, H2A, and H3) purified from human fibroblasts, 41 H4 isoforms were identified, with the type and location of PTMs unambiguously mapped for 20 of these variants. Compared to corresponding offline studies reported previously, the online weak cation exchange-hydrophilic interaction LC/RPLC platform offers significant improvement in sensitivity, with several orders of magnitude reduction in sample requirements and a reduction in the overall analysis time. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first online 2-D LC-MS/MS characterization of core histone mixture at the intact protein level. C1 [Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, MSIN K8 98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pasa-Tolic, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, MSIN K8 98, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ljiljana.pasatolic@pnl.gov RI Robinson, Errol/I-3148-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; tian, zhixin/A-3958-2015 OI Robinson, Errol/0000-0003-0696-6239; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; tian, zhixin/0000-0002-2877-8282 FU William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR018522]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX The authors thank Professor Neil L. Kelleher for providing the ProSightPC and Dr. Paul Thomas for help with running the program. Portions of this work were supported by the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Intramural Research and Capability Development Program, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and the NIH National Center for Research Resources (grant RR018522). The research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington. PNNL is a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD OCT PY 2010 VL 10 IS 20 SI SI BP 3610 EP 3620 DI 10.1002/pmic.201000367 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 678BX UT WOS:000284044900006 PM 20879039 ER PT J AU Ford, SR Phillips, WS Walter, WR Pasyanos, ME Mayeda, K Dreger, DS AF Ford, Sean R. Phillips, William S. Walter, William R. Pasyanos, Michael E. Mayeda, Kevin Dreger, Douglas S. TI Attenuation Tomography of the Yellow Sea/Korean Peninsula from Coda-source normalized and direct Lg Amplitudes SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY; CHINA; CRUST AB We invert for regional attenuation of the crustal phase Lg in the Yellow Sea/Korean Peninsula (YSKP) using three different amplitude attenuation tomography methods. The first method solves for source, site, and path attenuation. The second method uses a scaling relationship to set the initial source amplitude and interpret the source term after inversion. The third method implements a coda-derived source spectral correction. By comparing methods with slightly different assumptions we are able to make a more realistic assessment of the uncertainties in the resulting attenuation maps than is obtainable through formal error analysis alone. We compare the site, source and path-terms produced by each method and comment on attenuation, which correlates well with tectonic and topographic features in the region. Source terms correlate well with each other and with magnitude. Site terms are similar except for two stations that are located in a region that has the greatest difference in path term, which demonstrates the site/path trade-off. Another region of path term difference has the fewest crossing paths, where the tomography method employing the coda-derived spectral correction may perform more accurately since it is not as susceptible to the source/path trade-off. The Bohai Bay basin, an area of extension, is a region of high attenuation, and regions of low attenuation occur along topographic highs located in the Da-xin-an-ling and Changbai Mountains and Mount Taishan. C1 [Ford, Sean R.; Walter, William R.; Pasyanos, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Phillips, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mayeda, Kevin] Weston Geophys, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Dreger, Douglas S.] Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ford, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sean@llnl.gov RI Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 FU University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under National Nuclear Security Administration [W-7405-ENG-48] FX Data were processed with RBAP (Regional Body-wave Amplitude Processor) software developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (WALTER et al., 2004; RUPPERT et al., 2008). We thank the RBAP development team, D. Dodge, M. Gansberger, and E. Matzel. This research was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under National Nuclear Security Administration contract W-7405-ENG-48. This is LLNL contribution LLNL-JRNL-411151 and BSL contribution 09-04. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 167 IS 10 BP 1163 EP 1170 DI 10.1007/s00024-009-0023-2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649SM UT WOS:000281793700004 ER PT J AU Tinker, M AF Tinker, M. TI Standardisation of radiation portal monitor controls and readouts SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB There is an urgent need to standardise the numbering configuration of radiation portal monitor sensing panels. Currently, manufacturers use conflicting numbering schemes that may confuse operators of these varied systems. There is a similar problem encountered with the varied choices of coloured indicator lights and coloured print lines designated for gamma and neutron alarms. In addition, second-party software that changes the alarm colour scheme may also have been installed. Furthermore, no provision exists for the colour blind or to provide work stations with only black ink on alarm printouts. These inconsistencies and confusing set-ups could inadvertently cause a misinterpretation of the alarm, resulting in the potential release of a radiological hazard into a sovereign country. These issues are discussed, and a proposed solution is offered. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tinker, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mike.tinker@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 141 IS 3 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq183 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 654KE UT WOS:000282166400013 PM 20858682 ER PT J AU Harley, N Chittaporn, P Medora, R Merrill, R AF Harley, N. Chittaporn, P. Medora, R. Merrill, R. TI Measurement of the indoor and outdoor Rn-220 (thoron) equilibrium factor: application to lung dose SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Environmental Thoron and Related Issues CY MAY 19-22, 2010 CL Chiba, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Radiolog Sci (NIRS) AB A miniature four-chamber alpha track detector was developed that measures both Rn-222 (radon) and Rn-220 (thoron), in duplicate. Using this detector and the previous long-term measurements of the Rn-220 decay products Pb-212, and Bi-212, an equilibrium factor, F-eq, is derived for both outdoor and indoor Rn-220 environments (0.004 +/- 0.001 outdoors and 0.04 +/- 0.01 indoors). The lung airway dose can then be calculated from a dose factor from UNSCEAR that requires the equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EEC), i.e. the product of F-eq and the Rn-220 gas concentration. The lung dose from thoron in domestic or occupational surveys is often overlooked. The values of F-eq for thoron in several published studies are in general agreement with the values reported here. Thus, a long-term alpha track measurement of thoron multiplied by an appropriate indoor or outdoor equilibrium factor yields the EEC, which can be used to assess bronchial lung dose. C1 [Harley, N.; Chittaporn, P.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Medora, R.] ORNL UT Battelle, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Merrill, R.] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Harley, N (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM naomi.harley@nyumc.org NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 141 IS 4 SI SI BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncq228 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 673SI UT WOS:000283682900009 PM 20833672 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW AF Leggett, R. W. TI A Physiological Systems Model for Iodine for Use in Radiation Protection SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN; SHORT-TERM CLEARANCE; WESTERN NEW-GUINEA; THYROID-FUNCTION; EUTHYROID SUBJECTS; URINARY IODINE; ENDEMIC GOITER; RADIOIODINE UPTAKE; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; POTASSIUM-IODIDE AB This paper summarizes the biokinetic database for iodine in the human body and proposes a biokinetic model for systemic iodine for use in dose assessments for internally deposited radioiodine. The model consolidates and extends existing physiological systems models describing three subsystems of the iodine cycle in the body: circulating inorganic iodide, thyroidal iodine (trapping and organic binding of iodide and synthesis, storage and secretion of thyroid hormones), and extrathyroidal organic iodine. Thyroidal uptake of inorganic iodide is described as a function of stable iodine intake (Y, mu g day(-1)) and thyroidal secretion of hormonal iodine (S, mu g day(-1)). Baseline parameter values are developed for reference adults with typical iodine intake. Compared with the current systemic biokinetic model of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for occupational intake of radioiodine, the proposed model predicts higher absorbed doses to the thyroid per unit uptake to blood for very short-lived iodine isotopes, similar absorbed doses to thyroid for iodine isotopes with half-life of at least a few hours, and substantially higher estimates of absorbed dose to stomach wall, salivary gland and kidneys for most iodine isotopes. Absorbed dose estimates for intravenous administration of radioiodine-labeled thyroid hormones based on the proposed model differ substantially in some cases from current ICRP values. (C) 2010 by Radiation Research Society C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 545TPK,MS 6495, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rwl@ornl.gov FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research [DOE 1886-T249-06/1886-T233-06]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research under Interagency Agreement number DOE 1886-T249-06/1886-T233-06 and was prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 141 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 174 IS 4 BP 496 EP 516 DI 10.1667/RR2243.1 PG 21 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 659BO UT WOS:000282542200010 PM 20726703 ER PT J AU Li, Y Calisal, SM AF Li, Ye Calisal, Sander M. TI Three-dimensional effects and arm effects on modeling a vertical axis tidal current turbine SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Tidal current energy; Three-dimensional effects; Arm effects; Towing tank test ID DARRIEUS TURBINE; VORTEX MODEL; EFFICIENCY AB Three-dimensional effects in studying a vertical axis tidal current turbine are modeled using a newly developed vortex method. The effects on predicting power output and wake trajectory are analyzed in particular. The numerical results suggest that three-dimensional effects are not significant when the height of the turbine is more than seven times the turbine radius. Further discussions are presented focusing on the relationship between the turbine height and the angle of attack and the induced velocity on a blade of the turbine without arms. Besides the three-dimensional effects, arms effects are quantified with an analytical derivation of the polynomial formula of the relationship between arm effects and the tip speed ratio of the turbine. Such a formula provides a correction for existing numerical models to predict the power output of a turbine. Moreover, a series towing tank tests are conducted to study the three-dimensional effects as well as the arm effects. Good agreements are achieved between the results obtained with numerical calculations with the arm effects correction and the towing tank tests. Finally, three-dimensional effects are examined experimentally together with the arm effects by using an end-plate test, which suggests that the combinational effect is rather minimal. For turbine designers at the early design stage, we recommend that a two-dimensional model is acceptable considering the high cost of the three-dimensional model. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Ye] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Calisal, Sander M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Calisal, Sander M.] Piri Reis Univ Turkey, TR-34940 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3811, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ye.li@nrel.gov FU National Science and Engineering Research Council; Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers; Institution of Electronic and Electric Engineers; American Society of Mechanical Engineers; International Society of Ocean Polar Engineers FX The analysis of this work was conducted under assistance of several generous fellowships agencies which are acknowledged here, such as: National Science and Engineering Research Council, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Institution of Electronic and Electric Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers and International Society of Ocean Polar Engineers. The authors would also like to thank Western Economic Diversification and Blue Energy Canada for supporting the experimental test. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2325 EP 2334 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.002 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 609NV UT WOS:000278664500022 ER PT J AU Abla, G Fredian, TW Schissel, DP Stillerman, JA Greenwald, MJ Stepanov, DN Ciarlette, DJ AF Abla, G. Fredian, T. W. Schissel, D. P. Stillerman, J. A. Greenwald, M. J. Stepanov, D. N. Ciarlette, D. J. TI Operation Request Gatekeeper: A software system for remote access control of diagnostic instruments in fusion experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Tokamak diagnostic settings are repeatedly modified to meet the changing needs of each experiment. Enabling the remote diagnostic control has significant challenges due to security and efficiency requirements. The Operation Request Gatekeeper (ORG) is a software system that addresses the challenges of remotely but securely submitting modification requests. The ORG provides a framework for screening all the requests before they enter the secure machine zone and are executed by performing user authentication and authorization, grammar validation, and validity checks. A prototype ORG was developed for the ITER CODAC that satisfies their initial requirements for remote request submission and has been tested with remote control of the KSTAR Plasma Control System. This paper describes the software design principles and implementation of ORG as well as worldwide test results. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3489970] C1 [Abla, G.; Schissel, D. P.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Fredian, T. W.; Stillerman, J. A.; Greenwald, M. J.] MIT, PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Stepanov, D. N.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Ciarlette, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Abla, G (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM abla@fusion.gat.com OI Stillerman, Joshua/0000-0003-0901-0806; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E124 DI 10.1063/1.3489970 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000183 PM 21033988 ER PT J AU Arikawa, Y Yamanoi, K Nakazato, T Estacio, ES Shimizu, T Sarukura, N Nakai, M Hosoda, H Norimatsu, T Hironaka, Y Azechi, H Izumi, N Murata, T Fujino, S Yoshida, H Kamada, K Usuki, Y Suyama, T Yoshikawa, A Satoh, N Kan, H AF Arikawa, Y. Yamanoi, K. Nakazato, T. Estacio, E. S. Shimizu, T. Sarukura, N. Nakai, M. Hosoda, H. Norimatsu, T. Hironaka, Y. Azechi, H. Izumi, N. Murata, T. Fujino, S. Yoshida, H. Kamada, K. Usuki, Y. Suyama, T. Yoshikawa, A. Satoh, N. Kan, H. TI Down-scattered neutron imaging detector for areal density measurement of inertial confinement fusion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID CAPSULES AB A custom developed Li-6 glass scintillator (APLF80+3Pr) for down-scattered neutron diagnostics in inertial confinement fusion experiments is presented. Li-6 provides an enhanced sensitivity for down-scattered neutrons in DD fusion and its experimentally observed 5-6 ns response time fulfills the requirement for down-scattered neutron detectors. A time-of-flight detector operating in the current mode using the APLF80+3Pr was designed and its feasibility observing down-scattered neutrons was demonstrated. Furthermore, a prototype design for a down-scattered neutron imaging detector was also demonstrated. This material promises viability as a future down-scattered neutron detector for the National Ignition Facility. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475535] C1 [Arikawa, Y.; Yamanoi, K.; Nakazato, T.; Estacio, E. S.; Shimizu, T.; Sarukura, N.; Nakai, M.; Hosoda, H.; Norimatsu, T.; Hironaka, Y.; Azechi, H.; Murata, T.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Izumi, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Murata, T.] Kumamoto Univ, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. [Fujino, S.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Yoshida, H.] Ceram Res Ctr Nagasaki, Hisami, Higashisonogi 8593726, Japan. [Kamada, K.; Usuki, Y.] Furukawa Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. [Suyama, T.] Tokuyama Co Ltd, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1508383, Japan. [Yoshikawa, A.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Satoh, N.; Kan, H.] Hamamatsu Photon KK, Shizuoka 4348601, Japan. RP Arikawa, Y (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM arikawa-y@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Yoshikawa, Akira/B-9986-2011; Shimizu, Toshihiko/F-5079-2015; Estacio, Elmer/F-6695-2015; Sarukura, Nobuhiko/F-3276-2015; Azechi, Hiroshi/H-5876-2015; Nakai, Mitsuo/I-6758-2015; Norimatsu, Takayoshi/I-5710-2015; Yamanoi, Kohei/B-2150-2013; Arikawa, Yasunobu/L-8760-2015; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Nakazato, Tomoharu/J-5181-2016 OI Shimizu, Toshihiko/0000-0001-6712-3804; Estacio, Elmer/0000-0002-4938-571X; Sarukura, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-2353-645X; Nakai, Mitsuo/0000-0001-6076-756X; Yamanoi, Kohei/0000-0003-4492-4099; Arikawa, Yasunobu/0000-0002-3142-3060; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Nakazato, Tomoharu/0000-0001-5609-3945 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 DI 10.1063/1.3475535 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000004 PM 21033829 ER PT J AU Bakeman, MS van Tilborg, J Sokollik, T Baum, D Ybarrolaza, N Duarte, R Toth, C Leemans, WP AF Bakeman, M. S. van Tilborg, J. Sokollik, T. Baum, D. Ybarrolaza, N. Duarte, R. Toth, C. Leemans, W. P. TI Calibration of a microchannel plate based extreme ultraviolet grazing incident spectrometer at the Advanced Light Source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID CORRECTED CONCAVE GRATINGS AB We present the design and calibration of a microchannel plate based extreme ultraviolet spectrometer. Calibration was performed at the Advance Light Source (ALS) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). This spectrometer will be used to record the single shot spectrum of radiation emitted by the tapered hybrid undulator (THUNDER) undulator installed at the LOASIS GeV-class laser-plasma-accelerator. The spectrometer uses an aberration-corrected concave grating with 1200 lines/mm covering 11-62 nm and a microchannel plate detector with a CsI coated photocathode for increased quantum efficiency in the extreme ultraviolet. A touch screen interface controls the grating angle, aperture size, and placement of the detector in vacuum, allowing for high-resolution measurements over the entire spectral range. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3483208] C1 [Bakeman, M. S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bakeman, M. S.; van Tilborg, J.; Sokollik, T.; Baum, D.; Ybarrolaza, N.; Duarte, R.; Toth, C.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bakeman, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM msbakeman@lbl.gov RI Sokollik, Thomas/P-2584-2015 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E313 DI 10.1063/1.3483208 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000210 PM 21034012 ER PT J AU Battaglia, DJ Shafer, MW Unterberg, EA Bell, RE Hillis, DL LeBlanc, BP Maingi, R Sabbagh, S Stratton, BC AF Battaglia, D. J. Shafer, M. W. Unterberg, E. A. Bell, R. E. Hillis, D. L. LeBlanc, B. P. Maingi, R. Sabbagh, S. Stratton, B. C. TI Simulation of a tangential soft x-ray imaging system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CAMERA; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; CHIANTI AB Tangentially viewing soft x-ray (SXR) cameras are capable of detecting nonaxisymmetric plasma structures in magnetically confined plasmas. They are particularly useful for studying stationary perturbations or phenomenon that occur on a timescale faster than the plasma rotation period. Tangential SXR camera diagnostics are planned for the DIII-D and NSTX tokamaks to elucidate the static edge magnetic structure during the application of 3D perturbations. To support the design of the proposed diagnostics, a synthetic diagnostic model was developed using the CHIANTI database to estimate the SXR emission. The model is shown to be in good agreement with the measurements from an existing tangential SXR camera diagnostic on NSTX. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478883] C1 [Battaglia, D. J.; Shafer, M. W.; Unterberg, E. A.; Hillis, D. L.; Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bell, R. E.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Stratton, B. C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sabbagh, S.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Battaglia, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dbattagl@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016 OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E533 DI 10.1063/1.3478883 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000260 PM 21034060 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Clementson, J Dunn, J Morris, K Wang, E Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Bitter, M Feder, R Hill, KW Johnson, D Barnsley, R AF Beiersdorfer, P. Brown, G. V. Clementson, J. Dunn, J. Morris, K. Wang, E. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Porter, F. S. Bitter, M. Feder, R. Hill, K. W. Johnson, D. Barnsley, R. TI The ITER core imaging x-ray spectrometer: X-ray calorimeter performance SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID MICROCALORIMETER SPECTROMETER; XRS MICROCALORIMETER; RESOLUTION AB We describe the anticipated performance of an x-ray microcalorimeter instrument on ITER. As part of the core imaging x-ray spectrometer, the instrument will augment the imaging crystal spectrometers by providing a survey of the concentration of heavy ion plasma impurities in the core and possibly ion temperature values from the emission lines of different elemental ions located at various radial positions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3495789] C1 [Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown, G. V.; Clementson, J.; Dunn, J.; Morris, K.; Wang, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bitter, M.; Feder, R.; Hill, K. W.; Johnson, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Barnsley, R.] Cadarache Ctr, ITER Cadarache JWS, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E323 DI 10.1063/1.3495789 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000220 PM 21034021 ER PT J AU Bell, PM Bradley, DK Kilkenny, JD Conder, A Cerjan, C Hagmann, C Hey, D Izumi, N Moody, J Teruya, A Celeste, J Kimbrough, J Khater, H Eckart, MJ Ayers, J AF Bell, P. M. Bradley, D. K. Kilkenny, J. D. Conder, A. Cerjan, C. Hagmann, C. Hey, D. Izumi, N. Moody, J. Teruya, A. Celeste, J. Kimbrough, J. Khater, H. Eckart, M. J. Ayers, J. TI Radiation hardening of gated x-ray imagers for the National Ignition Facility (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The National Ignition Facility will soon be producing x-ray flux and neutron yields higher than any produced in laser driven implosion experiments in the past. Even a non-igniting capsule will require x-ray imaging of near burning plasmas at 10(17) neutrons, requiring x-ray recording systems to work in more hostile conditions than we have encountered in past laser facilities. We will present modeling, experimental data and design concepts for x-ray imaging with electronic recording systems for this environment (ARIANE). A novel instrument, active readout in a nuclear environment, is described which uses the time-of-flight difference between the gated x-ray signal and the neutron which induces a background signal to increase the yield at which gated cameras can be used. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491208] C1 [Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Conder, A.; Cerjan, C.; Hagmann, C.; Hey, D.; Izumi, N.; Moody, J.; Teruya, A.; Celeste, J.; Kimbrough, J.; Khater, H.; Eckart, M. J.; Ayers, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kilkenny, J. D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bell, PM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bell11@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 11 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E540 DI 10.1063/1.3491208 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000267 PM 21034067 ER PT J AU Bell, RE Feder, R AF Bell, Ronald E. Feder, Russell TI Measurement of poloidal velocity on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID TOKAMAK PLASMA; ROTATION; SYSTEM AB A diagnostic suite has been developed to measure the impurity poloidal flow using charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the National Spherical Torus Experiment. Toroidal and poloidal viewing systems measure all the quantities required to determine the radial electric field. Two sets of up/down symmetric poloidal views are used to measure both the active emission in the plane of the neutral heating beams and the background emission in a radial plane away from the neutral beams. Differential velocity measurements isolate the line-integrated poloidal velocity from apparent flows due to the energy-dependent charge exchange cross section. Six f/1.8 spectrometers measure 276 spectra to obtain 75 active and 63 background channels every 10 ms. The local measurements from a similar midplane toroidal viewing system are mapped into two dimensions to allow the inversion of poloidal line-integrated measurements to obtain local poloidal velocity profiles. The radial resolution after inversion is 0.6-1.8 cm from the plasma edge to the center. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3485027] C1 [Bell, Ronald E.; Feder, Russell] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bell, RE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rbell@pppl.gov NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D724 DI 10.1063/1.3485027 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000103 PM 21033917 ER PT J AU Bell, RE Scotti, F AF Bell, Ronald E. Scotti, Filippo TI High-throughput accurate-wavelength lens-based visible spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A scanning visible spectrometer has been prototyped to complement fixed-wavelength transmission grating spectrometers for charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. Fast f/1.8 200 mm commercial lenses are used with a large 2160 mm(-1) grating for high throughput. A stepping-motor controlled sine drive positions the grating, which is mounted on a precision rotary table. A high-resolution optical encoder on the grating stage allows the grating angle to be measured with an absolute accuracy of 0.075 arc sec, corresponding to a wavelength error <= 0.005 angstrom. At this precision, changes in grating groove density due to thermal expansion and variations in the refractive index of air are important. An automated calibration procedure determines all the relevant spectrometer parameters to high accuracy. Changes in bulk grating temperature, atmospheric temperature, and pressure are monitored between the time of calibration and the time of measurement to ensure a persistent wavelength calibration. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3485096] C1 [Bell, Ronald E.; Scotti, Filippo] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bell, RE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rbell@pppl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D731 DI 10.1063/1.3485096 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000110 PM 21033924 ER PT J AU Berzak, L Jones, AD Kaita, R Kozub, T Logan, N Majeski, R Menard, J Zakharov, L AF Berzak, L. Jones, A. D. Kaita, R. Kozub, T. Logan, N. Majeski, R. Menard, J. Zakharov, L. TI Magnetic diagnostics for equilibrium reconstructions in the presence of nonaxisymmetric eddy current distributions in tokamaks (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID LIMITER; WALLS AB The lithium tokamak experiment (LTX) is a modest-sized spherical tokamak (R-0=0.4 m and a =0.26 m) designed to investigate the low-recycling lithium wall operating regime for magnetically confined plasmas. LTX will reach this regime through a lithium-coated shell internal to the vacuum vessel, conformal to the plasma last-closed-flux surface, and heated to 300-400 degrees C. This structure is highly conductive and not axisymmetric. The three-dimensional nature of the shell causes the eddy currents and magnetic fields to be three-dimensional as well. In order to analyze the plasma equilibrium in the presence of three-dimensional eddy currents, an extensive array of unique magnetic diagnostics has been implemented. Sensors are designed to survive high temperatures and incidental contact with lithium and provide data on toroidal asymmetries as well as full coverage of the poloidal cross-section. The magnetic array has been utilized to determine the effects of nonaxisymmetric eddy currents and to model the start-up phase of LTX. Measurements from the magnetic array, coupled with two-dimensional field component modeling, have allowed a suitable field null and initial plasma current to be produced. For full magnetic reconstructions, a three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the vacuum vessel and shell is under development. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3484488] C1 [Berzak, L.; Jones, A. D.; Kaita, R.; Kozub, T.; Logan, N.; Majeski, R.; Menard, J.; Zakharov, L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Berzak, L (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM lberzak@pppl.gov OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E114 DI 10.1063/1.3484488 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000173 PM 21033979 ER PT J AU Bieniosek, FM Henestroza, E Lidia, S Ni, PA AF Bieniosek, F. M. Henestroza, E. Lidia, S. Ni, P. A. TI Diagnostics for ion beam driven high energy density physics experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Intense beams of heavy ions are capable of heating volumetric samples of matter to high energy density. Experiments are performed on the resulting warm dense matter (WDM) at the NDCX-I ion beam accelerator. The 0.3 MeV, 30 mA K(+) beam from NDCX-I heats foil targets by combined longitudinal and transverse neutralized drift compression of the ion beam. Both the compressed and uncompressed parts of the NDCX-I beam heat targets. The exotic state of matter (WDM) in these experiments requires specialized diagnostic techniques. We have developed a target chamber and fielded target diagnostics including a fast multichannel optical pyrometer, optical streak camera, laser Doppler-shift interferometer (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector), beam transmission diagnostics, and high-speed gated cameras. We also present plans and opportunities for diagnostic development and a new target chamber for NDCX-II. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3479112] C1 [Bieniosek, F. M.; Henestroza, E.; Lidia, S.; Ni, P. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bieniosek, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmbieniosek@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E112 DI 10.1063/1.3479112 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000171 PM 21033977 ER PT J AU Bitter, M Hill, K Gates, D Monticello, D Neilson, H Reiman, A Roquemore, AL Morita, S Goto, M Yamada, H Rice, JE AF Bitter, M. Hill, K. Gates, D. Monticello, D. Neilson, H. Reiman, A. Roquemore, A. L. Morita, S. Goto, M. Yamada, H. Rice, J. E. TI Objectives and layout of a high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for the large helical device SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID CHARGE-EXCHANGE SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; ION; STELLARATOR; DETECTOR; PLASMAS AB A high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, whose concept was tested on NSTX and Alcator C-Mod, is being designed for the large helical device (LHD). This instrument will record spatially resolved spectra of helium-like Ar(16+) and will provide ion temperature profiles with spatial and temporal resolutions of <2 cm and >= 10 ms, respectively. The spectrometer layout and instrumental features are largely determined by the magnetic field structure of LHD. The stellarator equilibrium reconstruction codes, STELLOPT and PIES, will be used for the tomographic inversion of the spectral data. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490016] C1 [Bitter, M.; Hill, K.; Gates, D.; Monticello, D.; Neilson, H.; Reiman, A.; Roquemore, A. L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Morita, S.; Goto, M.; Yamada, H.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Rice, J. E.] MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bitter, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM bitter@pppl.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E328 DI 10.1063/1.3490016 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000225 PM 21034026 ER PT J AU Boeglin, WU Perez, RV Darrow, DS AF Boeglin, W. U. Perez, R. Valenzuela Darrow, D. S. TI Concept of a charged fusion product diagnostic for NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The concept of a new diagnostic for NSTX to determine the time dependent charged fusion product emission profile using an array of semiconductor detectors is presented. The expected time resolution of 1-2 ms should make it possible to study the effect of magnetohydrodynamics and other plasma activities (toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAE), neoclassical tearing modes (NTM), edge localized modes (ELM), etc.) on the radial transport of neutral beam ions. First simulation results of deuterium-deuterium (DD) fusion proton yields for different detector arrangements and methods for inverting the simulated data to obtain the emission profile are discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3464262] C1 [Boeglin, W. U.; Perez, R. Valenzuela] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Darrow, D. S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Boeglin, WU (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 DI 10.1063/1.3464262 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000002 PM 21033827 ER PT J AU Bortolon, A Heidbrink, WW Podesta, M AF Bortolon, A. Heidbrink, W. W. Podesta, M. TI A tangentially viewing fast ion D-alpha diagnostic for NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A second fast ion D-alpha (FIDA) installation is planned at NSTX to complement the present perpendicular viewing FIDA diagnostics. Following the present diagnostic scheme, the new diagnostic will consist of two instruments: a spectroscopic diagnostic that measures fast ion spectra and profiles at 16 radial points with 5-10 ms resolution and a system that uses a band pass filter and photomultiplier to measure changes in FIDA light with 50 kHz sampling rate. The new pair of FIDA instruments will view the heating beams tangentially. The viewing geometry minimizes spectral contamination by beam emission or edge sources of background emission. The improved velocity-space resolution will provide detailed information about neutral-beam current drive and about fast ion acceleration and transport by injected radio frequency waves and plasma instabilities. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3495768] C1 [Bortolon, A.; Heidbrink, W. W.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Podesta, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bortolon, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM abortolo@pppl.gov RI Bortolon, Alessandro/H-5764-2015 OI Bortolon, Alessandro/0000-0002-0094-0209 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D728 DI 10.1063/1.3495768 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000107 PM 21033921 ER PT J AU Brooks, NH Burrell, KH Isler, RC Meyer, O Pablant, NA AF Brooks, N. H. Burrell, K. H. Isler, R. C. Meyer, O. Pablant, N. A. TI Charge exchange recombination detection of low-Z and medium-Z impurities in the extreme UV using a digital lock-in technique SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID PLASMA ION TEMPERATURE AB More sensitive detection of charge exchange recombination lines from low-Z elements, and first-time detection from the medium-Z elements nickel and copper, has been achieved in DIII-D plasmas with a digital lock-in technique. That portion of the extreme UV spectrum varying synchronously in time with the square-wave modulation of a high energy, neutral heating beam is extracted by forming a scalar product of a correlation function with the data record of each pixel in the linear array detector. The usual, dense array of collisionally excited, metallic lines from the tokamak plasma is strongly suppressed, leaving only a sparse spectrum of lines dominated by charge exchange recombination transitions from fully stripped, low-Z elements. In plasmas with high metal content, charge exchange recombination lines from the Li-like ions of nickel and copper have been positively identified. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478691] C1 [Brooks, N. H.; Burrell, K. H.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Isler, R. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pablant, N. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Meyer, O.] Cadarache, CEA DSM IRFM, Assoc Euratom CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Brooks, NH (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM brooks@fusion.gat.com OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D721 DI 10.1063/1.3478691 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000100 PM 21033914 ER PT J AU Cecil, FE Kiptily, V Salmi, A Horton, A Fullard, K Murari, A Darrow, D Hill, K AF Cecil, F. E. Kiptily, V. Salmi, A. Horton, A. Fullard, K. Murari, A. Darrow, D. Hill, K. CA JET-EFDA Contributors TI The anomalous currents in the front foils of the JET lost alpha diagnostic KA-2 SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FAST-ION LOSS; SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT AB We have examined the observed currents in the front foils of the JET Faraday cup lost alpha particle diagnostic KA-2. In particular, we have sought to understand the currents during Ohmic plasmas for which the ion flux at the detectors was initially assumed to be negligible. We have considered two sources of this current: plasma ions (both deuterium and impurity) in the vicinity of the detector (including charge exchange neutrals) and photoemission from scattered UV radiation. Based upon modeling and empirical observation, the latter source appears most likely and, moreover, seems to be applicable to the currents in the front foil during ELMy H-mode plasmas. A very thin gold or nickel foil attached to the present detector aperture is proposed as a solution to this problem, and realistic calculations of expected fluxes of lost energetic neutral beam ions during TF ripple experiments are presented as justification of this proposed solution. [doi:10.1063/1.3502040] C1 [Cecil, F. E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kiptily, V.; Salmi, A.; Horton, A.; Fullard, K.] Euratom CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. [Murari, A.] Consorzio RFX Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Darrow, D.; Hill, K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Cecil, FE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Salmi, Antti/I-7413-2013 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D326 DI 10.1063/1.3502040 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000027 PM 21058456 ER PT J AU Chen, H Hazi, AU van Maren, R Chen, SN Fuchs, J Gauthier, M Le Pape, S Rygg, JR Shepherd, R AF Chen, Hui Hazi, A. U. van Maren, R. Chen, S. N. Fuchs, J. Gauthier, M. Le Pape, S. Rygg, J. R. Shepherd, R. TI An imaging proton spectrometer for short-pulse laser plasma experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FAST IGNITION; BEAMS; IRRADIATION AB The ultraintense short pulse laser pulses incident on solid targets can generate energetic protons. In addition to their potentially important applications such as in cancer treatments and proton fast ignition, these protons are essential to understand the complex physics of intense laser plasma interaction. To better characterize these laser-produced protons, we designed and constructed a novel spectrometer that will not only measure proton energy distribution with high resolution but also provide its angular characteristics. The information obtained from this spectrometer compliments those from commonly used diagnostics including radiochromic film packs, CR39 nuclear track detectors, and nonimaging magnetic spectrometers. The basic characterizations and sample data from this instrument are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3483212] C1 [Chen, Hui; Hazi, A. U.; van Maren, R.; Chen, S. N.; Le Pape, S.; Rygg, J. R.; Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Fuchs, J.; Gauthier, M.] LULI Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chen33@llnl.gov RI gauthier, Maxence/K-2578-2014; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; OI gauthier, Maxence/0000-0001-6608-9325; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; chen, sophia n./0000-0002-3372-7666 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D314 DI 10.1063/1.3483212 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000015 PM 21033840 ER PT J AU Clementson, J Beiersdorfer, P Roquemore, AL Skinner, CH Mansfield, DK Hartzfeld, K Lepson, JK AF Clementson, J. Beiersdorfer, P. Roquemore, A. L. Skinner, C. H. Mansfield, D. K. Hartzfeld, K. Lepson, J. K. TI Experimental setup for tungsten transport studies at the NSTX tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID HIGHLY IONIZED TUNGSTEN; X-RAY; RADIATION; EUV; DISCHARGES; SPECTRA; PLASMAS; IONS AB Tungsten particles have been introduced into the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) in Princeton with the purpose to investigate the effects of tungsten injection on subsequent plasma discharges. An experimental setup for the study of tungsten particle transport is described where the particles are introduced into the tokamak using a modified particle dropper, otherwise used for lithium-powder injection. An initial test employing a grazing-incidence extreme ultraviolet spectrometer demonstrates that the tungsten-transport setup could serve to infer particle transport from the edge to the hot central plasmas of NSTX. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3499607] C1 [Clementson, J.; Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Clementson, J.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Roquemore, A. L.; Skinner, C. H.; Mansfield, D. K.; Hartzfeld, K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Lepson, J. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clementson, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clementson@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E326 DI 10.1063/1.3499607 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000223 PM 21034024 ER PT J AU Cone, KV Dunn, J Schneider, MB Baldis, HA Brown, GV Emig, J James, DL May, MJ Park, J Shepherd, R Widmann, K AF Cone, K. V. Dunn, J. Schneider, M. B. Baldis, H. A. Brown, G. V. Emig, J. James, D. L. May, M. J. Park, J. Shepherd, R. Widmann, K. TI Development of a time-resolved soft x-ray spectrometer for laser produced plasma experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID HYDRA SIMULATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; TARGETS AB A 2400 lines/mm variable-spaced grating spectrometer has been used to measure soft x-ray emission (8-22 angstrom) from laser-produced plasma experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Compact Multipulse Terrawatt (COMET) Laser Facility. The spectrometer was coupled to a Kentech x-ray streak camera to study the temporal evolution of soft x rays emitted from the back of the Mylar and the copper foils irradiated at 10(15) W/cm(2). The instrument demonstrated a resolving power of similar to 120 at 19 angstrom with a time resolution of 31 ps. The time-resolved copper emission spectrum was consistent with a photodiode monitoring the laser temporal pulse shape and indicated that the soft x-ray emission follows the laser heating of the target. The time and spectral resolutions of this diagnostic make it useful for studies of high temperature plasmas. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492407] C1 [Cone, K. V.; Dunn, J.; Schneider, M. B.; Brown, G. V.; Emig, J.; James, D. L.; May, M. J.; Park, J.; Shepherd, R.; Widmann, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Cone, K. V.; Baldis, H. A.; Park, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cone, KV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cone2@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E318 DI 10.1063/1.3492407 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000215 PM 21034016 ER PT J AU Darrow, DS Cecil, FE Kiptily, V Fullard, K Horton, A Murari, A AF Darrow, D. S. Cecil, F. E. Kiptily, V. Fullard, K. Horton, A. Murari, A. CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Observation of alpha particle loss from JET plasmas during ion cyclotron resonance frequency heating using a thin foil Faraday cup detector array SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The loss of MeV alpha particles from JET plasmas has been measured with a set of thin foil Faraday cup detectors during third harmonic heating of helium neutral beam ions. Tail temperatures of similar to 2 MeV have been observed, with radial scrape off lengths of a few centimeters. Operational experience from this system indicates that such detectors are potentially feasible for future large tokamaks, but careful attention to screening rf and MHD induced noise is essential. [doi:10.1063/1.3502325] C1 [Darrow, D. S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Cecil, F. E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kiptily, V.; Fullard, K.; Horton, A.] Euratom CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Ctr Fus Energy, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Murari, A.] Consorzio RFX Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RP Darrow, DS (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ddarrow@pppl.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D330 DI 10.1063/1.3502325 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000031 PM 21058457 ER PT J AU Delgado-Aparicio, L Tritz, K Kramer, T Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Hill, K Bitter, M AF Delgado-Aparicio, L. Tritz, K. Kramer, T. Stutman, D. Finkenthal, M. Hill, K. Bitter, M. TI Soft x-ray continuum radiation transmitted through metallic filters: An analytical approach to fast electron temperature measurements. SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID DIAGNOSTICS; ARRAYS AB A new set of analytic formulas describes the transmission of soft x-ray continuum radiation through a metallic foil for its application to fast electron temperature measurements in fusion plasmas. This novel approach shows good agreement with numerical calculations over a wide range of plasma temperatures in contrast with the solutions obtained when using a transmission approximated by a single-Heaviside function [S. von Goeler et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 599 (1999)]. The new analytic formulas can improve the interpretation of the experimental results and thus contribute in obtaining fast temperature measurements in between intermittent Thomson scattering data. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474641] C1 [Tritz, K.; Kramer, T.; Stutman, D.; Finkenthal, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Hill, K.; Bitter, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Delgado-Aparicio, L (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ldelgado@pppl.gov RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E303 DI 10.1063/1.3474641 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000200 PM 21034002 ER PT J AU Demidov, VI Koepke, ME Raitses, Y AF Demidov, V. I. Koepke, M. E. Raitses, Y. TI Magnetically insulated baffled probe for real-time monitoring of equilibrium and fluctuating values of space potentials, electron and ion temperatures, and densities SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID MAGNETIZED PLASMA AB By restricting the electron-collection area of a cold Langmuir probe compared to the ion-collection area, the probe floating potential can become equal to the space potential, and thus conveniently monitored, rather than to a value shifted from the space potential by an electron-temperature-dependent offset, i.e., the case with an equal-collection-area probe. This design goal is achieved by combining an ambient magnetic field in the plasma with baffles, or shields, on the probe, resulting in species-selective magnetic insulation of the probe collection area. This permits the elimination of electron current to the probe by further adjustment of magnetic insulation which results in an ion-temperature-dependent offset when the probe is electrically floating. Subtracting the floating potential of two magnetically insulated baffled probes, each with a different degree of magnetic insulation, enables the electron or ion temperature to be measured in real time. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490022] C1 [Demidov, V. I.; Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Raitses, Y.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Demidov, VI (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E129 DI 10.1063/1.3490022 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000188 PM 21033993 ER PT J AU Dewald, EL Thomas, C Hunter, S Divol, L Meezan, N Glenzer, SH Suter, LJ Bond, E Kline, JL Celeste, J Bradley, D Bell, P Kauffman, RL Kilkenny, J Landen, OL AF Dewald, E. L. Thomas, C. Hunter, S. Divol, L. Meezan, N. Glenzer, S. H. Suter, L. J. Bond, E. Kline, J. L. Celeste, J. Bradley, D. Bell, P. Kauffman, R. L. Kilkenny, J. Landen, O. L. TI Hot electron measurements in ignition relevant Hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID HARD X-RAY; TARGETS; DRIVE; NIF AB On the National Ignition Facility (NIF), hot electrons generated in laser heated Hohlraums are inferred from the >20 keV bremsstrahlung emission measured with the time integrated FFLEX broadband spectrometer. New high energy (>200 keV) time resolved channels were added to infer the generated >170 keV hot electrons that can cause ignition capsule preheat. First hot electron measurements in near ignition scaled Hohlraums heated by 96-192 NIF laser beams are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478683] C1 [Dewald, E. L.; Thomas, C.; Hunter, S.; Divol, L.; Meezan, N.; Glenzer, S. H.; Suter, L. J.; Bond, E.; Celeste, J.; Bradley, D.; Bell, P.; Kauffman, R. L.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kline, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kilkenny, J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Dewald, EL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dewald3@llnl.gov OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 14 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D938 DI 10.1063/1.3478683 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000158 PM 21033965 ER PT J AU Diem, SJ Wilgen, JB Bigelow, TS Hanson, GR Harvey, RW Smirnov, AP AF Diem, S. J. Wilgen, J. B. Bigelow, T. S. Hanson, G. R. Harvey, R. W. Smirnov, A. P. TI Optimization studies of the ITER low field side reflectometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FUSION PLASMAS AB Microwave reflectometry will be used on ITER to measure the electron density profile, density fluctuations due to MHD/turbulence, edge localized mode (ELM) density transients, and as an L-H transition monitor. The ITER low field side reflectometer system will measure both core and edge quantities using multiple antenna arrays spanning frequency ranges of 15-155 GHz for the O-mode system and 55-220 GHz for the X-mode system. Optimization studies using the GENRAY ray-tracing code have been done for edge and core measurements. The reflectometer launchers will utilize the HE11 mode launched from circular corrugated waveguide. The launched beams are assumed to be Gaussian with a beam waist diameter of 0.643 times the waveguide diameter. Optimum launcher size and placement are investigated by computing the antenna coupling between launchers, assuming the launched and received beams have a Gaussian beam pattern. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3490026] C1 [Diem, S. J.; Wilgen, J. B.; Bigelow, T. S.; Hanson, G. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Harvey, R. W.; Smirnov, A. P.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. RP Diem, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM diemsj@ornl.gov RI Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D914 DI 10.1063/1.3490026 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000134 PM 21033946 ER PT J AU Dunn, J London, RA Cone, KV Rocca, JJ Rohringer, N AF Dunn, J. London, R. A. Cone, K. V. Rocca, J. J. Rohringer, N. TI Design and measurement of a Cu L-edge x-ray filter for free electron laser pumped x-ray laser experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID PHOTOABSORPTION; METALS AB An inner-shell photoionized x-ray laser pumped by the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free electron laser has been proposed recently. The measurement of the on-axis 849 eV Ne K alpha laser and protection of the x-ray spectrometer from damage require attenuation of the 1 keV LCLS beam. An Al/Cu foil combination is well suited, serving as a low energy bandpass filter below the Cu L-edge at 933 eV. A high resolution grating spectrometer is used to measure the transmission of a candidate filter with an intense laser-produced x-ray backlighter developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Jupiter Laser Facility Janus. The methodology and discussion of the observed fine structure above the Cu L-edge will be presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3495769] C1 [Dunn, J.; London, R. A.; Cone, K. V.; Rohringer, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cone, K. V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rocca, J. J.] Colorado State Univ, NSF Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dunn6@llnl.gov RI Rohringer, Nina/B-8030-2012; Rohringer, Nina/N-3238-2014 OI Rohringer, Nina/0000-0001-7905-3567 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E330 DI 10.1063/1.3495769 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000227 PM 21034028 ER PT J AU Florido, R Mancini, RC Nagayama, T Tommasini, R Delettrez, JA Regan, SP Yaakobi, B AF Florido, R. Mancini, R. C. Nagayama, T. Tommasini, R. Delettrez, J. A. Regan, S. P. Yaakobi, B. TI Spectroscopic modeling of an argon-doped shock-ignition implosion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID LASER; ABSORPTION; DIAGNOSIS; PLASMAS; FUSION AB We present results from the spectral postprocessing of a one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of an argon-doped, warm-shell shock-ignition implosion with a detailed atomic and radiation physics model. The argon tracer is added to the deuterium filling in the core for diagnostic purposes. Spectral features in the emergent intensity distribution in the photon energy range of the argon K-shell spectrum that have potential for diagnostic application are discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3479024] C1 [Florido, R.; Mancini, R. C.; Nagayama, T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Tommasini, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Delettrez, J. A.; Regan, S. P.; Yaakobi, B.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Florido, R (reprint author), Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Fis, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. RI Florido, Ricardo/H-5513-2015; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Florido, Ricardo/0000-0001-7428-6273; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E307 DI 10.1063/1.3479024 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000204 PM 21034006 ER PT J AU Glebov, VY Sangster, TC Stoeckl, C Knauer, JP Theobald, W Marshall, KL Shoup, MJ Buczek, T Cruz, M Duffy, T Romanofsky, M Fox, M Pruyne, A Moran, MJ Lerche, RA McNaney, J Kilkenny, JD Eckart, MJ Schneider, D Munro, D Stoeffl, W Zacharias, R Haslam, JJ Clancy, T Yeoman, M Warwas, D Horsfield, CJ Bourgade, JL Landoas, O Disdier, L Chandler, GA Leeper, RJ AF Glebov, V. Yu. Sangster, T. C. Stoeckl, C. Knauer, J. P. Theobald, W. Marshall, K. L. Shoup, M. J., III Buczek, T. Cruz, M. Duffy, T. Romanofsky, M. Fox, M. Pruyne, A. Moran, M. J. Lerche, R. A. McNaney, J. Kilkenny, J. D. Eckart, M. J. Schneider, D. Munro, D. Stoeffl, W. Zacharias, R. Haslam, J. J. Clancy, T. Yeoman, M. Warwas, D. Horsfield, C. J. Bourgade, J. -L. Landoas, O. Disdier, L. Chandler, G. A. Leeper, R. J. TI The National Ignition Facility neutron time-of-flight system and its initial performance (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID OMEGA; DETECTORS; PLANS AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) successfully completed its first inertial confinement fusion (ICF) campaign in 2009. A neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) system was part of the nuclear diagnostics used in this campaign. The nTOF technique has been used for decades on ICF facilities to infer the ion temperature of hot deuterium (D-2) and deuterium-tritium (DT) plasmas based on the temporal Doppler broadening of the primary neutron peak. Once calibrated for absolute neutron sensitivity, the nTOF detectors can be used to measure the yield with high accuracy. The NIF nTOF system is designed to measure neutron yield and ion temperature over 11 orders of magnitude (from 10(8) to 10(19)), neutron bang time in DT implosions between 10(12) and 10(16), and to infer areal density for DT yields above 10(12). During the 2009 campaign, the three most sensitive neutron time-of-flight detectors were installed and used to measure the primary neutron yield and ion temperature from 25 high-convergence implosions using D-2 fuel. The OMEGA yield calibration of these detectors was successfully transferred to the NIF. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492351] C1 [Glebov, V. Yu.; Sangster, T. C.; Stoeckl, C.; Knauer, J. P.; Theobald, W.; Marshall, K. L.; Shoup, M. J., III; Buczek, T.; Cruz, M.; Duffy, T.; Romanofsky, M.; Fox, M.; Pruyne, A.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Moran, M. J.; Lerche, R. A.; McNaney, J.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Eckart, M. J.; Schneider, D.; Munro, D.; Stoeffl, W.; Zacharias, R.; Haslam, J. J.; Clancy, T.; Yeoman, M.; Warwas, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Horsfield, C. J.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Bourgade, J. -L.; Landoas, O.; Disdier, L.] Commissariat Energie Atom DAM Ile de France, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, Arpajon, France. [Chandler, G. A.; Leeper, R. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Glebov, VY (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM vgle@lle.rochester.edu RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D325 DI 10.1063/1.3492351 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000026 PM 21033848 ER PT J AU Glenn, S Koch, J Bradley, DK Izumi, N Bell, P Holder, J Stone, G Prasad, R MacKinnon, A Springer, P Landen, OL Kyrala, G AF Glenn, S. Koch, J. Bradley, D. K. Izumi, N. Bell, P. Holder, J. Stone, G. Prasad, R. MacKinnon, A. Springer, P. Landen, O. L. Kyrala, G. TI A hardened gated x-ray imaging diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A gated x-ray detector is under development for use at the National Ignition Facility that is intended to provide plasma emission images in the presence of neutron yields up to 10(15) expected during inertial confinement fusion experiments with layered cryogenic targets. These images are expected to provide valuable time-resolved measurements of core and fuel symmetries. Additional capabilities of this instrument will include the ability to make spatially resolved electron temperature measurements. A description of this instrument and its operation is given with emphasis on features that differentiate it from previous designs. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478897] C1 [Glenn, S.; Koch, J.; Bradley, D. K.; Izumi, N.; Bell, P.; Holder, J.; Stone, G.; Prasad, R.; MacKinnon, A.; Springer, P.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94555 USA. [Kyrala, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Glenn, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94555 USA. EM glenn21@llnl.gov RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 11 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E539 DI 10.1063/1.3478897 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000266 PM 21034066 ER PT J AU Goldin, FJ Meehan, BT Hagen, EC Wilkins, PR AF Goldin, F. J. Meehan, B. T. Hagen, E. C. Wilkins, P. R. TI Time-resolved spectra of dense plasma focus using spectrometer, streak camera, and CCD combination SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A time-resolving spectrographic instrument has been assembled with the primary components of a spectrometer, image-converting streak camera, and CCD recording camera, for the primary purpose of diagnosing highly dynamic plasmas. A collection lens defines the sampled region and couples light from the plasma into a step index, multimode fiber which leads to the spectrometer. The output spectrum is focused onto the photocathode of the streak camera, the output of which is proximity-coupled to the CCD. The spectrometer configuration is essentially Czerny-Turner, but off-the-shelf Nikon refraction lenses, rather than mirrors, are used for practicality and flexibility. Only recently assembled, the instrument requires significant refinement, but has now taken data on both bridge wire and dense plasma focus experiments. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491207] C1 [Goldin, F. J.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Meehan, B. T.; Hagen, E. C.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, N Las Vegas Facil, N Las Vegas, NV 89030 USA. [Wilkins, P. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goldin, FJ (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E531 DI 10.1063/1.3491207 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000258 PM 21034059 ER PT J AU Grierson, BA Burrell, KH Solomon, WM Pablant, NA AF Grierson, B. A. Burrell, K. H. Solomon, W. M. Pablant, N. A. TI Deuterium velocity and temperature measurements on the DIII-D tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID CHARGE-EXCHANGE SPECTROSCOPY; TOROIDAL ROTATION; SPECTRA; PLASMA; PROFILES; IMPURITY; SECTION; TORUS; TFTR AB Newly installed diagnostic capabilities on the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 46, 6114 (2002)] enable the measurement of main ion (deuterium) velocity and temperature by charge exchange recombination spectroscopy. The uncertainty in atomic physics corrections for determining the velocity is overcome by exploiting the geometrical dependence of the apparent velocity on the viewing angle with respect to the neutral beam. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491222] C1 [Grierson, B. A.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Burrell, K. H.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Pablant, N. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Grierson, BA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM bgriers@pppl.gov OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D735 DI 10.1063/1.3491222 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000114 PM 21033926 ER PT J AU Hagmann, C Izumi, N Bell, P Bradley, D Conder, A Eckart, M Khater, H Koch, J Moody, J Stone, G AF Hagmann, C. Izumi, N. Bell, P. Bradley, D. Conder, A. Eckart, M. Khater, H. Koch, J. Moody, J. Stone, G. TI Modeling of neutron induced backgrounds in x-ray framing cameras SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Fast neutrons from inertial confinement fusion implosions pose a severe background to conventional multichannel plate (MCP)-based x-ray framing cameras for deuterium-tritium yields > 10(13). Nuclear reactions of neutrons in photosensitive elements (charge coupled device or film) cause some of the image noise. In addition, inelastic neutron collisions in the detector and nearby components create a large gamma pulse. The background from the resulting secondary charged particles is twofold: (1) production of light through the Cherenkov effect in optical components and by excitation of the MCP phosphor and (2) direct excitation of the photosensitive elements. We give theoretical estimates of the various contributions to the overall noise and present mitigation strategies for operating in high yield environments. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3460454] C1 [Hagmann, C.; Izumi, N.; Bell, P.; Bradley, D.; Conder, A.; Eckart, M.; Khater, H.; Koch, J.; Moody, J.; Stone, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hagmann, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hagmann1@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E514 DI 10.1063/1.3460454 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000241 PM 21034042 ER PT J AU Hall, IM Durmaz, T Mancini, RC Bailey, JE Rochau, GA AF Hall, I. M. Durmaz, T. Mancini, R. C. Bailey, J. E. Rochau, G. A. TI Data processing of absorption spectra from photoionized plasma experiments at Z SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB We discuss the processing of x-ray absorption spectra from photoionized plasma experiments at Z. The data was recorded with an imaging spectrometer equipped with two elliptically bent potassium acid phthalate (KAP) crystals. Both time-integrated and time-resolved data were recorded. In both cases, the goal is to obtain the transmission spectra for quantitative analysis of plasma conditions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3479007] C1 [Hall, I. M.; Durmaz, T.; Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bailey, J. E.; Rochau, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, IM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ihall@unr.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E324 DI 10.1063/1.3479007 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000221 PM 21034022 ER PT J AU Halvorson, C Houck, T Macphee, A Opachich, YP Lahowe, D Copsey, B AF Halvorson, C. Houck, T. Macphee, A. Opachich, Y. P. Lahowe, D. Copsey, B. TI High energy photocathodes for laser fusion diagnostics SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCIES AB Laser fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility require time-resolved x-ray images of the ignition target self-emission. The photon energies are expected to be greater than 10 keV. Photoemission quantum yield measurement data and photoelectron energy spectrum data are presently unavailable in this photon energy range, but are essential in the design of x-ray imaging diagnostics. We developed an apparatus to measure the quantum efficiency of primary and secondary photoelectron emission and to estimate the energy spectrum of the secondary photoelectrons. The apparatus has been tested using photon energies less than 10 keV to allow comparisons with prior work. A method for preparing photocathodes with geometrically enhanced photoefficiency has been developed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3494384] C1 [Halvorson, C.; Houck, T.; Macphee, A.; Opachich, Y. P.; Lahowe, D.; Copsey, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Halvorson, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM halvorson1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E309 DI 10.1063/1.3494384 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000206 PM 21034008 ER PT J AU Hanson, GR Wilgen, JB Bigelow, TS Diem, SJ Biewer, TM AF Hanson, G. R. Wilgen, J. B. Bigelow, T. S. Diem, S. J. Biewer, T. M. TI Analysis of the ITER low field side reflectometer transmission line system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID JT-60U TOKAMAK AB A critical issue in the design of the ITER low field side reflectometer is the transmission line (TL) system. A TL connects each launcher to a diagnostic instrument. Each TL will typically consist of similar to 42 m of corrugated waveguide and up to ten miter bends. Important issues for the performance of the TL system are mode conversion and reflections. Minimizing these issues are critical to minimizing standing waves and phase errors. The performance of TL system is analyzed and recommendations are given. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3485086] C1 [Hanson, G. R.; Wilgen, J. B.; Bigelow, T. S.; Diem, S. J.; Biewer, T. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hanson, GR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hansongr@ornl.gov OI Biewer, Theodore/0000-0001-7456-3509 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D920 DI 10.1063/1.3485086 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000140 PM 21033952 ER PT J AU Haugh, M Stewart, R AF Haugh, Michael Stewart, Richard TI Optimizing the operation of a high resolution vertical Johann spectrometer using a high energy fluorescer x-ray source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB This paper describes the operation and testing for a vertical Johann spectrometer (VJS) operating in the 13 keV range. The spectrometer is designed to use thin curved mica crystals or thick germanium crystals. The VJS must have a resolution of E/Delta E=3000 or better to measure the Doppler broadening of highly ionized krypton and operate at a small x-ray angle in order to be used as a diagnostic in a laser plasma target chamber. The VJS was aligned, tested, and optimized using a fluorescer type high energy x-ray (HEX) source located at National Security Technologies (NSTec), LLC, in Livermore, CA. The HEX uses a 160 kV x-ray tube to excite fluorescence from various targets. Both rubidium and bismuth fluorescers were used for this effort. This presentation describes the NSTec HEX system and the methods used to optimize and characterize the VJS performance. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492421] C1 [Haugh, Michael] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Stewart, Richard] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haugh, M (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, 161 S Vasco Rd,Suite A, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E537 DI 10.1063/1.3492421 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000264 PM 21034064 ER PT J AU Herrmann, HW Hoffman, N Wilson, DC Stoeffl, W Dauffy, L Kim, YH McEvoy, A Young, CS Mack, JM Horsfield, CJ Rubery, M Miller, EK Ali, ZA AF Herrmann, H. W. Hoffman, N. Wilson, D. C. Stoeffl, W. Dauffy, L. Kim, Y. H. McEvoy, A. Young, C. S. Mack, J. M. Horsfield, C. J. Rubery, M. Miller, E. K. Ali, Z. A. TI Diagnosing inertial confinement fusion gamma ray physics (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The gamma reaction history (GRH) diagnostic is a multichannel, time-resolved, energy-thresholded gamma-ray spectrometer that provides a high-bandwidth, direct-measurement of fusion reaction history in inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments. 16.75 MeV deuterium+tritium (DT) fusion gamma-rays, with a branching ratio of the order of 10(-5)gamma/(14 MeV n), are detected to determine fundamental burn parameters, such as nuclear bang time and burn width, critical to achieving ignition at the National Ignition Facility. During the tritium/hydrogen/deuterium ignition tuning campaign, an additional gamma-ray line at 19.8 MeV, produced by hydrogen+tritium fusion with a branching ratio of unity, will increase the available gamma-ray signal and may allow measurement of reacting fuel composition or ion temperature. Ablator areal density measurements with the GRH are also made possible by detection of 4.43 MeV gamma-rays produced by inelastic scatter of DT fusion neutrons on (12)C nuclei in the ablating plastic capsule material. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3495770] C1 [Herrmann, H. W.; Hoffman, N.; Wilson, D. C.; Kim, Y. H.; McEvoy, A.; Young, C. S.; Mack, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stoeffl, W.; Dauffy, L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Horsfield, C. J.; Rubery, M.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Miller, E. K.] NSTec, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Ali, Z. A.] NSTec, Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Herrmann, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,M-S E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM herrmann@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D333 DI 10.1063/1.3495770 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000034 PM 21033853 ER PT J AU Hicks, DG Spears, BK Braun, DG Olson, RE Sorce, CM Celliers, PM Collins, GW Landen, OL AF Hicks, D. G. Spears, B. K. Braun, D. G. Olson, R. E. Sorce, C. M. Celliers, P. M. Collins, G. W. Landen, O. L. TI Streaked radiography measurements of convergent ablator performance (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID IGNITION ENERGY; DENSITY AB The velocity and remaining ablator mass of an imploding capsule are critical metrics for assessing the progress toward ignition of an inertially confined fusion experiment. These and other ablator rocket parameters have been measured using a single streaked x-ray radiograph. A regularization technique has been used to determine the ablator density profile rho(r) at each time step; moments of rho(r) then provide the areal density, average radius, and mass of the unablated, or remaining, ablator material, with the velocity determined from the time derivative of the average radius. The technique has been implemented on experiments at the OMEGA laser facility. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475727] C1 [Hicks, D. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Spears, B. K.; Braun, D. G.; Olson, R. E.; Sorce, C. M.; Celliers, P. M.; Collins, G. W.; Landen, O. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hicks, DG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hicks13@llnl.gov RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E304 DI 10.1063/1.3475727 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000201 PM 21034003 ER PT J AU Hill, KW Bitter, M Delgado-Aparicio, L Johnson, D Feder, R Beiersdorfer, P Dunn, J Morris, K Wang, E Reinke, M Podpaly, Y Rice, JE Barnsley, R O'Mullane, M Lee, SG AF Hill, K. W. Bitter, M. Delgado-Aparicio, L. Johnson, D. Feder, R. Beiersdorfer, P. Dunn, J. Morris, K. Wang, E. Reinke, M. Podpaly, Y. Rice, J. E. Barnsley, R. O'Mullane, M. Lee, S. G. TI Development of a spatially resolving x-ray crystal spectrometer for measurement of ion-temperature (T-i) and rotation-velocity (v) profiles in ITER SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer (XCS) arrays are being developed as a US-ITER activity for Doppler measurement of T-i and v profiles of impurities (W, Kr, and Fe) with similar to 7 cm (a/30) and 10-100 ms resolution in ITER. The imaging XCS, modeled after a prototype instrument on Alcator C-Mod, uses a spherically bent crystal and 2D x-ray detectors to achieve high spectral resolving power (E/dE>6000) horizontally and spatial imaging vertically. Two arrays will measure Ti and both poloidal and toroidal rotation velocity profiles. The measurement of many spatial chords permits tomographic inversion for the inference of local parameters. The instrument design, predictions of performance, and results from C-Mod are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492414] C1 [Hill, K. W.; Bitter, M.; Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Johnson, D.; Feder, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Dunn, J.; Morris, K.; Wang, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Reinke, M.; Podpaly, Y.; Rice, J. E.] MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Barnsley, R.] Cadarache Ctr, ITER Cadarache JWS, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [O'Mullane, M.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Lee, S. G.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. RP Hill, KW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 15, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM khill@pppl.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E322 DI 10.1063/1.3492414 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000219 PM 21034020 ER PT J AU Hilsabeck, TJ Hares, JD Kilkenny, JD Bell, PM Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL Koch, JA Celliers, PM Bradley, DK McCarville, T Pivovaroff, M Soufli, R Bionta, R AF Hilsabeck, T. J. Hares, J. D. Kilkenny, J. D. Bell, P. M. Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. Koch, J. A. Celliers, P. M. Bradley, D. K. McCarville, T. Pivovaroff, M. Soufli, R. Bionta, R. TI Pulse-dilation enhanced gated optical imager with 5 ps resolution (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID CAMERAS AB A 5 ps gated framing camera was demonstrated using the pulse-dilation of a drifting electron signal. The pulse-dilation is achieved by accelerating a photoelectron derived information pulse with a time varying potential [R. D. Prosser, J. Phys. E 9, 57 (1976)]. The temporal dependence of the accelerating potential causes a birth time dependent axial velocity dispersion that spreads the pulse as it transits a drift region. The expanded pulse is then imaged with a conventional gated microchannel plate based framing camera and the effective gating time of the combined instrument is reduced over that of the framing camera alone. In the drift region, electron image defocusing in the transverse or image plane is prevented with a large axial magnetic field. Details of the unique issues associated with rf excited photocathodes were investigated numerically and a prototype instrument based on this principle was recently constructed. Temporal resolution of the instrument was measured with a frequency tripled femtosecond laser operating at 266 nm. The system demonstrated 20X temporal magnification and the results are presented here. X-ray image formation strategies and photometric calculations for inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments are also examined. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3479111] C1 [Hilsabeck, T. J.; Kilkenny, J. D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Hares, J. D.; Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L.] Kentech Instruments Ltd, Wallingford OX10, Oxon, England. [Bell, P. M.; Koch, J. A.; Celliers, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; McCarville, T.; Pivovaroff, M.; Soufli, R.; Bionta, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hilsabeck, TJ (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM hilsabeck@fusion.gat.com RI Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014 OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E317 DI 10.1063/1.3479111 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000214 PM 21034015 ER PT J AU Hoffman, NM Wilson, DC Herrmann, HW Young, CS AF Hoffman, N. M. Wilson, D. C. Herrmann, H. W. Young, C. S. TI Using gamma-ray emission to measure areal density of inertial confinement fusion capsules SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Fusion neutrons streaming from a burning inertial confinement fusion capsule generate gamma rays via inelastic nuclear scattering in the ablator of the capsule. The intensity of gamma-ray emission is proportional to the product of the ablator areal density (rho R) and the yield of fusion neutrons, so by detecting the gamma rays we can infer the ablator areal density, provided we also have a measurement of the capsule's total neutron yield. In plastic-shell capsules, for example, (12)C nuclei emit gamma rays at 4.44 MeV after excitation by 14.1 MeV neutrons from D+T fusion. These gamma rays can be measured by a new gamma-ray detector under development. Analysis of predicted signals is in progress, with results to date indicating that the method promises to be useful for diagnosing imploded capsules. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478690] C1 [Hoffman, N. M.; Wilson, D. C.; Herrmann, H. W.; Young, C. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoffman, NM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmh@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D332 DI 10.1063/1.3478690 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000033 PM 21033852 ER PT J AU Horsfield, CJ Rubery, MS Mack, JM Young, CS Herrmann, HW Caldwell, SE Evans, SC Sedilleo, TJ Kim, YH McEvoy, A Milnes, JS Howorth, J Davis, B O'Gara, PM Garza, I Miller, EK Stoeffl, W Ali, Z AF Horsfield, C. J. Rubery, M. S. Mack, J. M. Young, C. S. Herrmann, H. W. Caldwell, S. E. Evans, S. C. Sedilleo, T. J. Kim, Y. H. McEvoy, A. Milnes, J. S. Howorth, J. Davis, B. O'Gara, P. M. Garza, I. Miller, E. K. Stoeffl, W. Ali, Z. TI Development and characterization of sub-100 ps photomultiplier tubes SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID DIAGNOSTICS; SYSTEM AB We describe the evaluation of a microchannel plate (MCP) photomultiplier tube (PMT), incorporating a 3 mu m pore MCP and constant voltage anode and cathode gaps. The use of the small pore size results in PMTs with response functions of the order of 85 ps full-width-half-maximum, while the constant electric field across the anode and cathode gaps produces a uniform response function over the entire operating range of the device. The PMT was characterized on a number of facilities and employed on gas Cherenkov detectors fielded on various deuterium tritium fuel (DT) implosions on the Omega Laser Facility at the University of Rochester. The Cherenkov detectors are part of diagnostic development to measure Gamma ray reaction history for DT implosions on the National Ignition Facility. [doi:10.1063/1.3475718] C1 [Horsfield, C. J.; Rubery, M. S.] AWE, Reading RGR 4PR, Berks, England. [Mack, J. M.; Young, C. S.; Herrmann, H. W.; Caldwell, S. E.; Evans, S. C.; Sedilleo, T. J.; Kim, Y. H.; McEvoy, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Milnes, J. S.; Howorth, J.] Photek Ltd, St Leonards On Sea TN38 9NS, E Sussex, England. [Davis, B.; O'Gara, P. M.; Garza, I.] Natl Secur Technol, N Las Vegas, NV 89030 USA. [Miller, E. K.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Stoeffl, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 93111 USA. [Ali, Z.] Natl Secur Technol LO, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Horsfield, CJ (reprint author), AWE, Reading RGR 4PR, Berks, England. EM c.j.horsfield@awe.co.uk NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 DI 10.1063/1.3475718 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000019 PM 21033844 ER PT J AU Howard, J Diallo, A Creese, M Blackwell, BD Allen, SL Ellis, RM Porter, GD Meyer, W Fenstermacher, ME Brooks, NH Van Zeeland, ME Boivin, RL AF Howard, J. Diallo, A. Creese, M. Blackwell, B. D. Allen, S. L. Ellis, R. M. Porter, G. D. Meyer, W. Fenstermacher, M. E. Brooks, N. H. Van Zeeland, M. E. Boivin, R. L. TI Doppler coherence imaging and tomography of flows in tokamak plasmas (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID DIII-D; SPECTROSCOPY AB This article describes the results of spatial heterodyne Doppler "coherence imaging" of carbon ion flows in the divertor region of the DIII-D tokamak. Spatially encoded interferometric projections of doubly ionized carbon emission at 465 nm have been demodulated and tomographically inverted to obtain the spatial distribution of the carbon ion parallel flow and emissivity. The operating principles of the new instruments are described, and the link between measured properties and line integrals of the flow field are established. An iterative simultaneous arithmetic reconstruction procedure is applied to invert the interferometric phase shift projections, and the reconstructed parallel flow field amplitudes are found to be in reasonable agreement with UEDGE modeling. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492422] C1 [Howard, J.; Diallo, A.; Creese, M.; Blackwell, B. D.] Australian Natl Univ, Plasma Res Lab, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Allen, S. L.; Ellis, R. M.; Porter, G. D.; Meyer, W.; Fenstermacher, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 92093 USA. [Brooks, N. H.; Van Zeeland, M. E.; Boivin, R. L.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Howard, J (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Plasma Res Lab, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM john.howard@anu.edu.au RI Diallo, Ahmed/M-7792-2013; Blackwell, Boyd/M-2717-2015 OI Blackwell, Boyd/0000-0002-9091-9269 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E528 DI 10.1063/1.3492422 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000255 PM 21034056 ER PT J AU Huntington, CM Krauland, CM Kuranz, CC Drake, RP Park, HS Kalantar, DH Maddox, BR Remington, BA Kline, J AF Huntington, C. M. Krauland, C. M. Kuranz, C. C. Drake, R. P. Park, H. -S. Kalantar, D. H. Maddox, B. R. Remington, B. A. Kline, J. TI Development of a short duration backlit pinhole for radiography on the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID ENERGY AB Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will require bright, short duration, near-monochromatic x-ray backlighters for radiographic diagnosis of many high-energy density systems. This paper details a vanadium pinhole backlighter producing (1.8 +/- 0.5) x 10(15) x-ray photons into 4 pi sr near the vanadium He-like characteristic x-ray energy of 5.18 keV. The x-ray yield was quantified from a set of Ross filters imaged to a calibrated image plate, with the Dante diagnostic used to confirm the quasimonochromatic nature of the spectrum produced. Additionally, an x-ray film image shows a source-limited image resolution of 26 mu m from a 20 mu m diameter pinhole. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3496984] C1 [Huntington, C. M.; Krauland, C. M.; Kuranz, C. C.; Drake, R. P.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Park, H. -S.; Kalantar, D. H.; Maddox, B. R.; Remington, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kline, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huntington, CM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 2455 Hayward Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. EM channing@umich.edu RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E536 DI 10.1063/1.3496984 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000263 PM 21034063 ER PT J AU Izumi, N Hagmann, C Stone, G Hey, D Glenn, S Conder, A Teruya, A Sorce, C Tommasini, R Stoeffl, W Springer, P Landen, OL Herrmann, HW Kyrala, GA Bahukutumbi, R Glebov, VY Sangster, TC Eckart, M Mackinnon, AJ Koch, JA Bradley, DK Bell, P AF Izumi, N. Hagmann, C. Stone, G. Hey, D. Glenn, S. Conder, A. Teruya, A. Sorce, C. Tommasini, R. Stoeffl, W. Springer, P. Landen, O. L. Herrmann, H. W. Kyrala, G. A. Bahukutumbi, R. Glebov, V. Y. Sangster, T. C. Eckart, M. Mackinnon, A. J. Koch, J. A. Bradley, D. K. Bell, P. TI Experimental study of neutron induced background noise on gated x-ray framing cameras SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A temporally gated x-ray framing camera based on a proximity focus microchannel plate is one of the most important diagnostic tools of inertial confinement fusion experiments. However, fusion neutrons produced in imploded capsules interact with structures surrounding the camera and produce background to x-ray signals. To understand the mechanisms of this neutron induced background, we tested several gated x-ray cameras in the presence of 14 MeV neutrons produced at the Omega laser facility. Differences between background levels observed with photographic film readout and charge-coupled-device readout have been studied. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478636] C1 [Izumi, N.; Hagmann, C.; Stone, G.; Hey, D.; Glenn, S.; Conder, A.; Teruya, A.; Sorce, C.; Tommasini, R.; Stoeffl, W.; Springer, P.; Landen, O. L.; Eckart, M.; Mackinnon, A. J.; Koch, J. A.; Bradley, D. K.; Bell, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Herrmann, H. W.; Kyrala, G. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bahukutumbi, R.; Glebov, V. Y.; Sangster, T. C.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Izumi, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM izumi2@llnl.gov RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E515 DI 10.1063/1.3478636 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000242 PM 21034043 ER PT J AU Jaworski, MA Kallman, J Kaita, R Kugel, H LeBlanc, B Marsala, R AF Jaworski, M. A. Kallman, J. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. LeBlanc, B. Marsala, R. TI Biasing, acquisition, and interpretation of a dense Langmuir probe array in NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID TRIPLE PROBE; FUSION DEVICES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BOUNDARY; TOKAMAK; SYSTEM AB A dense array of 99 Langmuir probes has been installed in the lower divertor region of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). This array is instrumented with a system of electronics that allows flexibility in the choice of probes to bias as well as the type of measurement (including standard swept, single probe, triple probe, and operation as passive floating potential and scrape-off-layer SOL current monitors). The use of flush-mounted probes requires careful interpretation. The time dependent nature of the SOL makes swept-probe traces difficult to interpret. To overcome these challenges, the single-and triple-Langmuir probe signals are used in complementary fashion to determine the temperature and density at the probe location. A comparison to midplane measurements is made. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490025] C1 [Jaworski, M. A.; Kallman, J.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H.; LeBlanc, B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Marsala, R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 60181 USA. RP Jaworski, MA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mjaworsk@pppl.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E130 DI 10.1063/1.3490025 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000189 PM 21033994 ER PT J AU Juhn, JW Lee, KC Hwang, YS Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Leblanc, BP Mueller, D Gates, DA Kaita, R AF Juhn, J. -W. Lee, K. C. Hwang, Y. S. Domier, C. W. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Leblanc, B. P. Mueller, D. Gates, D. A. Kaita, R. TI Fringe-jump corrected far infrared tangential interferometer/polarimeter for a real-time density feedback control system of NSTX plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID SPHERICAL TORUS AB The far infrared tangential interferometer/polarimeter (FIReTIP) of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has been set up to provide reliable electron density signals for a real-time density feedback control system. This work consists of two main parts: suppression of the fringe jumps that have been prohibiting the plasma density from use in the direct feedback to actuators and the conceptual design of a density feedback control system including the FIReTIP, control hardware, and software that takes advantage of the NSTX plasma control system (PCS). By investigating numerous shot data after July 2009 when the new electronics were installed, fringe jumps in the FIReTIP are well characterized, and consequently the suppressing algorithms are working properly as shown in comparisons with the Thomson scattering diagnostic. This approach is also applicable to signals taken at a 5 kHz sampling rate, which is a fundamental constraint imposed by the digitizers providing inputs to the PCS. The fringe jump correction algorithm, as well as safety and feedback modules, will be included as submodules either in the gas injection system category or a new category of density in the PCS. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492381] C1 [Juhn, J. -W.; Hwang, Y. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Lee, K. C.; Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Leblanc, B. P.; Mueller, D.; Gates, D. A.; Kaita, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Juhn, JW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM hahaha13@snu.ac.kr RI Hwang, Yong-Seok/D-8347-2012 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D540 DI 10.1063/1.3492381 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000078 PM 21033892 ER PT J AU Kallman, J Jaworski, MA Kaita, R Kugel, H Gray, TK AF Kallman, J. Jaworski, M. A. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. Gray, T. K. TI High density Langmuir probe array for NSTX scrape-off layer measurements under lithiated divertor conditions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID TOKAMAK AB A high density Langmuir probe array has been developed for measurements of scrape-off layer parameters in NSTX. Relevant scale lengths for heat and particle fluxes are 1-5 cm. Transient edge plasma events can occur on a time scale of several milliseconds, and the duration of a typical plasma discharge is similar to 1 s. The array consists of 99 individual electrodes arranged in three parallel radial rows to allow both swept and triple-probe operation and is mounted in a carbon tile located in the lower outer divertor of NSTX between two segments of the newly installed liquid lithium divertor. Initial swept probe results tracking the outer strike point through probe flux measurements are presented. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3494381] C1 [Kallman, J.; Jaworski, M. A.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Gray, T. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kallman, J (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E117 DI 10.1063/1.3494381 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000176 PM 21033982 ER PT J AU Kim, J Lee, KC Kaita, R Phillips, CK Domier, CW Valeo, E Luhmann, NC Bonoli, PT Park, H AF Kim, J. Lee, K. C. Kaita, R. Phillips, C. K. Domier, C. W. Valeo, E. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Bonoli, P. T. Park, H. TI Use of the Far Infrared Tangential Interferometer/Polarimeter diagnostic for the study of rf driven plasma waves on NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID HARMONIC FAST WAVES; TOKAMAK; FREQUENCY AB A rf detection system for waves in the 30 MHz range has been constructed for the Far Infrared Tangential Interferometer/Polarimeter on National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). It is aimed at monitoring high frequency density fluctuations driven by 30 MHz high harmonic fast wave fields. The levels of density fluctuations at various radial chords and antenna phase angles can be estimated using the electric field calculated by TORIC code and linearized continuity equation for the electron density. In this paper, the experimental arrangement for the detection of rf signal and preliminary results of simulation will be discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3499506] C1 [Kim, J.; Park, H.] POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Lee, K. C.; Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kaita, R.; Phillips, C. K.; Valeo, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bonoli, P. T.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. EM jeehkim@postech.ac.kr NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D527 DI 10.1063/1.3499506 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000065 PM 21033882 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, JR Bell, PM Bradley, DK Holder, JP Kalantar, DK MacPhee, AG Telford, S AF Kimbrough, J. R. Bell, P. M. Bradley, D. K. Holder, J. P. Kalantar, D. K. MacPhee, A. G. Telford, S. TI Standard design for National Ignition Facility x-ray streak and framing cameras SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The x-ray streak camera and x-ray framing camera for the National Ignition Facility were redesigned to improve electromagnetic pulse hardening, protect high voltage circuits from pressure transients, and maximize the use of common parts and operational software. Both instruments use the same PC104 based controller, interface, power supply, charge coupled device camera, protective hermetically sealed housing, and mechanical interfaces. Communication is over fiber optics with identical facility hardware for both instruments. Each has three triggers that can be either fiber optic or coax. High voltage protection consists of a vacuum sensor to enable the high voltage and pulsed microchannel plate phosphor voltage. In the streak camera, the high voltage is removed after the sweep. Both rely on the hardened aluminum box and a custom power supply to reduce electromagnetic pulse/electromagnetic interference (EMP/EMI) getting into the electronics. In addition, the streak camera has an EMP/EMI shield enclosing the front of the streak tube. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3496990] C1 [Kimbrough, J. R.; Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Holder, J. P.; Kalantar, D. K.; MacPhee, A. G.; Telford, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kimbrough, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E530 DI 10.1063/1.3496990 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000257 PM 21034058 ER PT J AU King, JD Makowski, MA Holcomb, CT Allen, SL Geer, R Meyer, WH Hill, DN Pham, D Morse, EC AF King, J. D. Makowski, M. A. Holcomb, C. T. Allen, S. L. Geer, R. Meyer, W. H. Hill, D. N. Pham, D. Morse, E. C. TI A digital lock-in upgrade of the motional Stark effect diagnostic on DIII-D SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The use of lock-in amplifiers for phase sensitive detection of motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic signals is of critical importance to real-time internal current profile measurements in tokamak plasmas. A digital lock-in (DLI) upgrade utilizing field programable gate array firmware has been installed on the MSE system of the DIII-D tokamak for the eventual replacement of largely obsolete analog units. While the new digital system has shown a small reduction in electronic noise over the analog, the main advantages are reduced cost, hardware simplicity, compact size, and phase tracking during plasma operations. DLI recovery of MSE polarization angles was accomplished through use of reference processing to produce only photoelastic modulator (PEM) second harmonic frequencies and electronic signal processing to maximize the fidelity of the recovered signal. A simplified discrete analytical solution was found that accurately describes the new DLI hardware. The DLI algorithm was found to cause a prohibitively large oscillating artifact atop the demodulated signal. The artifact was caused by the accumulator interval not containing an exact integer number of PEM multiplier periods. Successful MSE measurements require the minimization of this oscillating artifact amplitude. The analytical solution was used to select an appropriate accumulator interval that both reduces the artifact and maintains the greatest temporal resolution possible. Sample EFIT equilibria reconstructions and corresponding safety factor profiles showed very close agreement between the analog and digital lock-ins. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3496989] C1 [King, J. D.; Pham, D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [King, J. D.; Makowski, M. A.; Holcomb, C. T.; Allen, S. L.; Geer, R.; Meyer, W. H.; Hill, D. N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [King, J. D.; Morse, E. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP King, JD (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM kingjd@fusion.gat.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D739 DI 10.1063/1.3496989 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000118 PM 21033930 ER PT J AU Klepper, CC Hillis, DL Bucalossi, J Douai, D Oddon, P Vartanian, S Colas, L Manenc, L Pegourie, B AF Klepper, C. C. Hillis, D. L. Bucalossi, J. Douai, D. Oddon, P. Vartanian, S. Colas, L. Manenc, L. Pegourie, B. TI Residual gas analysis for long-pulse, advanced tokamak operation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID TRITIUM CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; DIVERTOR AB A shielded residual gas analyzer (RGA) system on Tore Supra can function during plasma operation and is set up to monitor the composition of the neutral gas in one of the pumping ducts of the toroidal pumped limited. This "diagnostic RGA" has been used in long-pulse (up to 6 min) discharges for continuous monitoring of up to 15 masses simultaneously. Comparison of the RGA-measured evolution of the H(2)/D(2) isotopic ratio in the exhaust gas to that measured by an energetic neutral particle analyzer in the plasma core provides a way to monitor the evolution of particle balance. RGA monitoring of corrective H(2) injection to maintain proper minority heating is providing a database for improved ion cyclotron resonance heating, potentially with RGA-base feedback control. In very long pulses (>4 min) absence of significant changes in the RGA-monitored, hydrocarbon particle pressures is an indication of proper operation of the actively cooled, carbon-based plasma facing components. Also H(2) could increase due to thermodesorption of overheated plasma facing components. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3474660] C1 [Klepper, C. C.; Hillis, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bucalossi, J.; Douai, D.; Oddon, P.; Vartanian, S.; Colas, L.; Manenc, L.; Pegourie, B.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Klepper, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kleppercc@ornl.gov RI Douai, David/H-2848-2012 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E104 DI 10.1063/1.3474660 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000163 PM 21033969 ER PT J AU Kline, JL Widmann, K Warrick, A Olson, RE Thomas, CA Moore, AS Suter, LJ Landen, O Callahan, D Azevedo, S Liebman, J Glenzer, SH Conder, A Dixit, SN Torres, P Tran, V Dewald, EL Kamperschroer, J Atherton, LJ Beeler, R Berzins, L Celeste, J Haynam, C Hsing, W Larson, D MacGowan, BJ Hinkel, D Kalantar, D Kauffman, R Kilkenny, J Meezan, N Rosen, MD Schneider, M Williams, EA Vernon, S Wallace, RJ Van Wonterghem, B Young, BK AF Kline, J. L. Widmann, K. Warrick, A. Olson, R. E. Thomas, C. A. Moore, A. S. Suter, L. J. Landen, O. Callahan, D. Azevedo, S. Liebman, J. Glenzer, S. H. Conder, A. Dixit, S. N. Torres, P., III Tran, V. Dewald, E. L. Kamperschroer, J. Atherton, L. J. Beeler, R., Jr. Berzins, L. Celeste, J. Haynam, C. Hsing, W. Larson, D. MacGowan, B. J. Hinkel, D. Kalantar, D. Kauffman, R. Kilkenny, J. Meezan, N. Rosen, M. D. Schneider, M. Williams, E. A. Vernon, S. Wallace, R. J. Van Wonterghem, B. Young, B. K. TI The first measurements of soft x-ray flux from ignition scale Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility using DANTE (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID RADIATION DRIVE; LASER; TARGETS AB The first 96 and 192 beam vacuum Hohlraum target experiments have been fielded at the National Ignition Facility demonstrating radiation temperatures up to 340 eV and fluxes of 20 TW/sr as viewed by DANTE representing an similar to 20 times flux increase over NOVA/Omega scale Hohlraums. The vacuum Hohlraums were irradiated with 2 ns square laser pulses with energies between 150 and 635 kJ. They produced nearly Planckian spectra with about 30 +/- 10% more flux than predicted by the preshot radiation hydrodynamic simulations. To validate these results, careful verification of all component calibrations, cable deconvolution, and software analysis routines has been conducted. In addition, a half Hohlraum experiment was conducted using a single 2 ns long axial quad with an irradiance of similar to 2 X 10(15) W/cm(2) for comparison with NIF Early Light experiments completed in 2004. We have also completed a conversion efficiency test using a 128-beam nearly uniformly illuminated gold sphere with intensities kept low (at 1 X 10(14) W/cm(2) over 5 ns) to avoid sensitivity to modeling uncertainties for nonlocal heat conduction and nonlinear absorption mechanisms, to compare with similar intensity, 3 ns OMEGA sphere results. The 2004 and 2009 NIF half-Hohlraums agreed to 10% in flux, but more importantly, the 2006 OMEGA Au Sphere, the 2009 NIF Au sphere, and the calculated Au conversion efficiency agree to +/- 5% in flux, which is estimated to be the absolute calibration accuracy of the DANTEs. Hence we conclude that the 30 +/- 10% higher than expected radiation fluxes from the 96 and 192 beam vacuum Hohlraums are attributable to differences in physics of the larger Hohlraums. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491032] C1 [Kline, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Widmann, K.; Warrick, A.; Thomas, C. A.; Suter, L. J.; Landen, O.; Callahan, D.; Azevedo, S.; Liebman, J.; Glenzer, S. H.; Conder, A.; Dixit, S. N.; Dewald, E. L.; Kamperschroer, J.; Atherton, L. J.; Beeler, R., Jr.; Berzins, L.; Celeste, J.; Haynam, C.; Hsing, W.; Larson, D.; MacGowan, B. J.; Hinkel, D.; Kalantar, D.; Kauffman, R.; Meezan, N.; Rosen, M. D.; Schneider, M.; Williams, E. A.; Vernon, S.; Wallace, R. J.; Van Wonterghem, B.; Young, B. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Olson, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Moore, A. S.] Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, England. [Torres, P., III; Tran, V.] Natl Secur Technol, Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kilkenny, J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkline@lanl.gov OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E321 DI 10.1063/1.3491032 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000218 PM 21034019 ER PT J AU Kohama, Y Marcenat, C Klein, T Jaime, M AF Kohama, Yoshimitsu Marcenat, Christophe Klein, Thierry Jaime, Marcelo TI AC measurement of heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect for pulsed magnetic fields SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTOR YBA2CU3O7; CALORIMETRY; LIQUID; TRANSITIONS; PRESSURE; CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; SENSORS AB A new calorimeter for measurements of the heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect of small samples in pulsed magnetic fields is discussed for the exploration of thermal and thermodynamic properties at temperatures down to 2 K. We tested the method up to mu H-0=50 T, but it could be extended to higher fields. For these measurements we used carefully calibrated bare-chip Cernox (R) and RuO2 thermometers, and we present a comparison of their performances. The monotonic temperature and magnetic field dependences of the magnetoresistance of RuO2 allow thermometry with a precision as good as +/- 4 mK at T=2 K. To test the performance of our calorimeter, heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect for the spin-dimer compound Sr3Cr2O8 and the triangular lattice antiferromagnet RbFe(MoO4)(2) are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475155] C1 [Kohama, Yoshimitsu; Jaime, Marcelo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CMMS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Marcenat, Christophe] CEA INAC UJF Grenoble 1, SPSMS, UMR E 9001, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Klein, Thierry] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Klein, Thierry] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Klein, Thierry] Inst Univ France, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Kohama, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CMMS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ykohama@lanl.gov RI Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; State of Florida FX Y.K. and M.J. would like to thank D. F. Weickert and Y. Suzuki for early discussions of the ac calorimetry for pulsed field, F. F. Balakirev for the help with digital lock-in measurements, and J. B. Betts and A. Migliori for technical support during the experiment. We are indebted to A. A. Aczel, G. Luke, A. Ya. Shapiro, and L. A. Demianets for providing the Sr3Cr2O8 and RbFe(MoO4)2 single crystals used for these proof-of-principle experiments. We gratefully acknowledge the help of S. A. Baily and D. Braithwaite during the revision process. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the State of Florida. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 104902 DI 10.1063/1.3475155 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NL UT WOS:000283753400041 PM 21034109 ER PT J AU Kubota, S Peebles, WA Nguyen, XV Crocker, NA Roquemore, AL Holoman, T Guttadora, L Kaita, R AF Kubota, S. Peebles, W. A. Nguyen, X. V. Crocker, N. A. Roquemore, A. L. Holoman, T. Guttadora, L. Kaita, R. TI A Ka-band tunable direct-conversion correlation reflectometer for NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FUSION PLASMAS; FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE REFLECTOMETRY; TURBULENCE; MODE; TOKAMAK AB The recent availability of broadband microwave quadrature mixers in the Ka-band (28-40 GHz) of frequencies has allowed the fabrication of low-cost direct-conversion detection circuits for use in the variable-frequency correlation reflectometer on the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX). The quadrature receiver in this case can be implemented as a simple homodyne circuit, without the complication of a single-sideband modulator or a feedforward tracking circuit present in more typical designs. A pair of direct-conversion receivers is coupled with broadband microwave voltage-controlled oscillators to construct a flexible dual-channel radar system with a fast frequency settling time of similar to 160 mu s. A detailed description of the design and a full characterization of the hardware are provided. Examples of turbulence measurements from radial and poloidal correlation reflectometry on NSTX using a poloidal array of antennas (oriented normal to the magnetic flux surfaces for conventional reflectometry) are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3490024] C1 [Kubota, S.; Peebles, W. A.; Nguyen, X. V.; Crocker, N. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Roquemore, A. L.; Holoman, T.; Guttadora, L.; Kaita, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kubota, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM skubota@ucla.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D917 DI 10.1063/1.3490024 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000137 PM 21033949 ER PT J AU Kugland, NL Doppner, T Kemp, A Schaeffer, D Glenzer, SH Niemann, C AF Kugland, N. L. Doeppner, T. Kemp, A. Schaeffer, D. Glenzer, S. H. Niemann, C. TI Mapping the ionization state of laser-irradiated Ar gas jets with multiwavelength monochromatic x-ray imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID PLASMAS; SCATTERING AB Two-dimensional monochromatic images of fast-electron stimulated Ar K alpha and He-alpha x-ray self-emission have recorded a time-integrated map of the extent of Ar(approximate to 6+) and Ar(16+) ions, respectively, within a high density (10(20) cm(-3) atomic density) Ar plasma. This plasma was produced by irradiating a 2 mm wide clustering Ar gas jet with an ultrahigh intensity (10(19) W/cm(2), 50 TW) Ti: sapphire laser operating at 800 nm. Spherically bent quartz crystals in the 200 (for K alpha) and 201 (for He-alpha) planes were used as near-normal incidence reflective x-ray optics. We see that a large (830 mu m long) region of plasma emits K alpha primarily along the laser axis, while the He-alpha emission is confined to smaller hot spot (230 mu m long) region that likely corresponds to the focal volume of the f/8 laser beam. X-ray spectra from a Bragg spectrometer operating in the von Hamos geometry indicate that the centroids of the K alpha and He-alpha emission regions are separated by approximately 330 mu m along the laser axis. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491221] C1 [Kugland, N. L.; Schaeffer, D.; Niemann, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kugland, N. L.; Doeppner, T.; Kemp, A.; Glenzer, S. H.; Niemann, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kugland, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E526 DI 10.1063/1.3491221 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000253 PM 21034054 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Dixit, S Glenzer, S Kalantar, D Bradley, D Izumi, N Meezan, N Landen, OL Callahan, D Weber, SV Holder, JP Glenn, S Edwards, MJ Bell, P Kimbrough, J Koch, J Prasad, R Suter, L Kline, JL Kilkenny, J AF Kyrala, G. A. Dixit, S. Glenzer, S. Kalantar, D. Bradley, D. Izumi, N. Meezan, N. Landen, O. L. Callahan, D. Weber, S. V. Holder, J. P. Glenn, S. Edwards, M. J. Bell, P. Kimbrough, J. Koch, J. Prasad, R. Suter, L. Kline, J. L. Kilkenny, J. TI Measuring symmetry of implosions in cryogenic Hohlraums at the NIF using gated x-ray detectors (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER FACILITY; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; SYSTEM; OMEGA AB Ignition of imploding inertial confinement capsules requires, among other things, controlling the symmetry with high accuracy and fidelity. We have used gated x-ray imaging, with 10 mu m and 70 ps resolution, to detect the x-ray emission from the imploded core of symmetry capsules at the National Ignition Facility. The measurements are used to characterize the time dependent symmetry and the x-ray bang time of the implosion from two orthogonal directions. These measurements were one of the primary diagnostics used to tune the parameters of the laser and Hohlraum to vary the symmetry and x-ray bang time of the implosion of cryogenically cooled ignition scale deuterium/helium filled plastic capsules. Here, we will report on the successful measurements performed with up to 1.2 MJ of laser energy in a fully integrated cryogenics gas-filled ignition-scale Hohlraum and capsule illuminated with 192 smoothed laser beams. We will describe the technique, the accuracy of the technique, and the results of the variation in symmetry with tuning parameters, and explain how that set was used to predictably tune the implosion symmetry as the laser energy, the laser cone wavelength separation, and the Hohlraum size were increased to ignition scales. We will also describe how to apply that technique to cryogenically layered tritium-hydrogen-deuterium capsules. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3481028] C1 [Kyrala, G. A.; Kline, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dixit, S.; Glenzer, S.; Kalantar, D.; Bradley, D.; Izumi, N.; Meezan, N.; Landen, O. L.; Callahan, D.; Weber, S. V.; Holder, J. P.; Glenn, S.; Edwards, M. J.; Bell, P.; Kimbrough, J.; Koch, J.; Prasad, R.; Suter, L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kilkenny, J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kyrala@lanl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 19 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E316 DI 10.1063/1.3481028 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000213 PM 21034014 ER PT J AU Lau, C Hanson, G Wilgen, J Lin, YJ Wukitch, S AF Lau, Cornwall Hanson, Greg Wilgen, John Lin, Yijun Wukitch, Steve TI Scrape-off layer reflectometer for Alcator C-Mod SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID PROFILE MEASUREMENTS AB A swept-frequency X-mode reflectometer is being built for Alcator C-Mod to measure the scrape-off layer density profiles at the top, middle, and bottom locations in front of both the new lower hybrid launcher and the new ion cyclotron range of frequencies antenna. The system is planned to operate between 100 and 146 GHz at sweep rates from 10 mu s to 1 ms, and will cover a density range of approximately 10(16)-10(20) m(-3) at B-0 = 5-5.4 T. To minimize the effects of density fluctuations, both differential phase and full phase reflectometry will be employed. Design, test data, and calibration results of this electronics system will be discussed. To reduce attenuation losses, tallguide (TE01) will be used for most of the transmission line system. Simulations of high mode conversion in tallguide components, such as e-plane hyperbolic secant radius of curvature bends, tapers, and horn antennas will be shown. Experimental measurements of the total attenuation losses of these components in the lower hybrid waveguide run will also be presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3491225] C1 [Lau, Cornwall; Lin, Yijun; Wukitch, Steve] MIT PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hanson, Greg; Wilgen, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), MIT PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D918 DI 10.1063/1.3491225 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000138 PM 21033950 ER PT J AU Lee, SG Bak, JG Nam, UW Moon, MK Shi, Y Bitter, M Hill, K AF Lee, S. G. Bak, J. G. Nam, U. W. Moon, M. K. Shi, Y. Bitter, M. Hill, K. TI The first experimental results from x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for KSTAR SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID SPECTRA; ION AB The x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research has been first applied for the experimental campaign in 2009. The XICS was designed to provide measurements of the profiles of the ion and electron temperatures from the heliumlike argon (Ar XVII) spectra. The basic functions of the XICS are properly working although some satellites lines are not well matched with the expected theoretical values. The initial experimental results from the XICS are briefly described. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478631] C1 [Lee, S. G.; Bak, J. G.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Nam, U. W.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Moon, M. K.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Shi, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Bitter, M.; Hill, K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, SG (reprint author), Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. EM sglee@nfri.re.kr NR 8 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E506 DI 10.1063/1.3478631 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000233 PM 21034034 ER PT J AU Lei, L Tobias, B Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Kramer, GJ Valeo, EJ Lee, W Yun, GS Park, HK AF Lei, L. Tobias, B. Domier, C. W. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Kramer, G. J. Valeo, E. J. Lee, W. Yun, G. S. Park, H. K. TI A synthetic diagnostic for the evaluation of new microwave imaging reflectometry diagnostics for DIII-D and KSTAR SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID SIMULATIONS; DENSITY; SYSTEM AB The first microwave imaging reflectometry (MIR) system for characterization of fluctuating plasma density has been implemented for the TEXTOR tokamak [H. Park et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3787 (2004)]; an improved MIR system will be installed on DIII-D and KSTAR. The central issue remains in preserving phase information by addressing antenna coupling between the reflection layer and the detector array in the presence of plasma turbulence. A synthetic diagnostic making use of coupled full-wave diffractive codes has been developed in geometries and applied to a variety of optical arrangements. The effectiveness of each scheme is quantitatively compared with respect to the fluctuation levels accessible in the simulation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3464461] C1 [Lei, L.; Tobias, B.; Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kramer, G. J.; Valeo, E. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Lee, W.; Yun, G. S.; Park, H. K.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. RP Lei, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D904 DI 10.1063/1.3464461 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000124 PM 21033936 ER PT J AU Lerche, RA Golick, BP Holder, JP Kalantar, DH AF Lerche, R. A. Golick, B. P. Holder, J. P. Kalantar, D. H. TI Algorithm for precision subsample timing between Gaussian-like pulses SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Moderately priced oscilloscopes available for the NIF power sensors and target diagnostics have 6 GHz bandwidths at 20-25 Gsamples/s (40 ps sample spacing). Some NIF experiments require cross timing between instruments be determined with accuracy better than 30 ps. A simple analysis algorithm for Gaussian-like pulses such as the 100-ps-wide NIF timing fiducial can achieve single-event cross-timing precision of 1 ps (1/50 of the sample spacing). The midpoint-timing algorithm is presented along with simulations that show why the technique produces good timing results. Optimum pulse width is found to be similar to 2.5 times the sample spacing. Experimental measurements demonstrate use of the technique and highlight the conditions needed to obtain optimum timing performance. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475785] C1 [Lerche, R. A.; Golick, B. P.; Holder, J. P.; Kalantar, D. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lerche, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lerche1@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E121 DI 10.1063/1.3475785 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000180 PM 21033986 ER PT J AU Lerche, RA Glebov, VY Moran, MJ McNaney, JM Kilkenny, JD Eckart, MJ Zacharias, RA Haslam, JJ Clancy, TJ Yeoman, MF Warwas, DP Sangster, TC Stoeckl, C Knauer, JP Horsfield, CJ AF Lerche, R. A. Glebov, V. Yu. Moran, M. J. McNaney, J. M. Kilkenny, J. D. Eckart, M. J. Zacharias, R. A. Haslam, J. J. Clancy, T. J. Yeoman, M. F. Warwas, D. P. Sangster, T. C. Stoeckl, C. Knauer, J. P. Horsfield, C. J. TI National Ignition Facility neutron time-of-flight measurements (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID DETECTOR AB The first 3 of 18 neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) channels have been installed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The role of these detectors includes yield, temperature, and bang time measurements. This article focuses on nTOF data analysis and quality of results obtained for the first set of experiments to use all 192 NIF beams. Targets produced up to 2 X 10(10) 2.45 MeV neutrons for initial testing of the nTOF detectors. Differences in neutron scattering at the OMEGA laser facility where the detectors were calibrated and at NIF result in different response functions at the two facilities. Monte Carlo modeling shows this difference. The nTOF performance on these early experiments indicates that the nTOF system with its full complement of detectors should perform well in future measurements of yield, temperature, and bang time. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478680] C1 [Lerche, R. A.; Moran, M. J.; McNaney, J. M.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Eckart, M. J.; Zacharias, R. A.; Haslam, J. J.; Clancy, T. J.; Yeoman, M. F.; Warwas, D. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Glebov, V. Yu.; Sangster, T. C.; Stoeckl, C.; Knauer, J. P.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Horsfield, C. J.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Lerche, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lerche1@llnl.gov RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D319 DI 10.1063/1.3478680 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000020 PM 21033845 ER PT J AU Loomis, EN Grim, GP Wilde, C Wilson, DC Morgan, G Wilke, M Tregillis, I Merrill, F Clark, D Finch, J Fittinghoff, D Bower, D AF Loomis, E. N. Grim, G. P. Wilde, C. Wilson, D. C. Morgan, G. Wilke, M. Tregillis, I. Merrill, F. Clark, D. Finch, J. Fittinghoff, D. Bower, D. TI Progress toward the development and testing of source reconstruction methods for NIF neutron imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; TARGETS AB Development of analysis techniques for neutron imaging at the National Ignition Facility is an important and difficult task for the detailed understanding of high-neutron yield inertial confinement fusion implosions. Once developed, these methods must provide accurate images of the hot and cold fuels so that information about the implosion, such as symmetry and areal density, can be extracted. One method under development involves the numerical inversion of the pinhole image using knowledge of neutron transport through the pinhole aperture from Monte Carlo simulations. In this article we present results of source reconstructions based on simulated images that test the methods effectiveness with regard to pinhole misalignment. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492384] C1 [Loomis, E. N.; Grim, G. P.; Wilde, C.; Wilson, D. C.; Morgan, G.; Wilke, M.; Tregillis, I.; Merrill, F.; Clark, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Finch, J.] Global Nucl Fuel, Wilmington, NC 28402 USA. [Fittinghoff, D.; Bower, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95281 USA. RP Loomis, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Merrill, Frank/0000-0003-0603-735X NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D311 DI 10.1063/1.3492384 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000012 PM 21033837 ER PT J AU Lundberg, DP Kaita, R Majeski, R Stotler, DP AF Lundberg, D. P. Kaita, R. Majeski, R. Stotler, D. P. TI Measuring the density of a molecular cluster injector via visible emission from an electron beam SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID JET AB A method to measure the density distribution of a dense hydrogen gas jet is presented. A Mach 5.5 nozzle is cooled to 80 K to form a flow capable of molecular cluster formation. A 250 V, 10 mA electron beam collides with the jet and produces H alpha emission that is viewed by a fast camera. The high density of the jet, several 1016 cm(-3), results in substantial electron depletion, which attenuates the H alpha emission. The attenuated emission measurement, combined with a simplified electron- molecule collision model, allows us to determine the molecular density profile via a simple iterative calculation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3464473] C1 [Lundberg, D. P.; Kaita, R.; Majeski, R.; Stotler, D. P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lundberg, DP (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dlundberg@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D707 DI 10.1063/1.3464473 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000086 PM 21033900 ER PT J AU Lynn, AG Merritt, E Gilmore, M Hsu, SC Witherspoon, FD Cassibry, JT AF Lynn, A. G. Merritt, E. Gilmore, M. Hsu, S. C. Witherspoon, F. D. Cassibry, J. T. TI Diagnostics for the Plasma Liner Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The goal of the Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX) is to explore and demonstrate the feasibility of forming imploding spherical "plasma liners" via merging high Mach number plasma jets to reach peak liner pressures of similar to 0.1 Mbar using similar to 1.5 MJ of initial stored energy. Such a system would provide HED plasmas for a variety of fundamental HEDLP, laboratory astrophysics, and materials science studies, as well as a platform for experimental validation of rad-hydro and rad-MHD simulations. It could also prove attractive as a potential standoff driver for magnetoinertial fusion. Predicted parameters from jet formation to liner stagnation cover a large range of plasma density and temperature, varying from n(i) similar to 10(16) cm(-3), T(e) approximate to T(i) similar to 1 eV at the plasma gun mouth to n(i) >10(19) cm(-3), T(e) approximate to T(i) similar to 0.5 keV at stagnation. This presents a challenging problem for the plasma diagnostics suite which will be discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478116] C1 [Lynn, A. G.; Merritt, E.; Gilmore, M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hsu, S. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Witherspoon, F. D.] HyperV Technol Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Cassibry, J. T.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Lynn, AG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM lynn@ece.unm.edu OI Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E115 DI 10.1063/1.3478116 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000174 PM 21033980 ER PT J AU Macrander, AT AF Macrander, Albert T. TI Addendum to papers from Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment (ASDEX) Upgrade Team (vol 81, pg 039903, 2010) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Correction C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Review Sci Instruments Editorial Off, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macrander, AT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Review Sci Instruments Editorial Off, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10F901 DI 10.1063/1.3499617 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000268 ER PT J AU Maddox, BR Park, HS Hawreliak, J Elsholz, A Van Maren, R Remington, BA Comley, A Wark, JS AF Maddox, B. R. Park, H. -S. Hawreliak, J. Elsholz, A. Van Maren, R. Remington, B. A. Comley, A. Wark, J. S. TI Bragg diffraction using a 100 ps 17.5 keV x-ray backlighter and the Bragg diffraction imager SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A new diagnostic for measuring Bragg diffraction of petawatt-generated high-energy x rays off a laser-compressed crystal was designed and tested successfully at the Omega EP laser facility on static Mo and Ta (111) oriented single crystal samples using a 17.5 keV Mo K alpha backlighter. The Bragg diffraction imager consists of a heavily shielded enclosure and a precisely positioned beam block attached to the enclosure by an aluminum arm. Fuji image plates are used as the x-ray detectors. The diffraction from Mo and Ta (222) crystal planes was clearly detected with a high signal-to-noise. This technique will be applied to shock- and quasi-isentropically loaded single crystals on the Omega EP laser. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3491295] C1 [Maddox, B. R.; Park, H. -S.; Hawreliak, J.; Elsholz, A.; Van Maren, R.; Remington, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Comley, A.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Wark, J. S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Maddox, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E522 DI 10.1063/1.3491295 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000249 PM 21034050 ER PT J AU Magee, EW Dunn, J Brown, GV Cone, KV Park, J Porter, FS Kilbourne, CA Kelley, RL Beiersdorfer, P AF Magee, E. W. Dunn, J. Brown, G. V. Cone, K. V. Park, J. Porter, F. S. Kilbourne, C. A. Kelley, R. L. Beiersdorfer, P. TI Calibration of a high resolution grating soft x-ray spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID BEAM ION-TRAP; PLASMAS AB The calibration of the soft x-ray spectral response of a large radius of curvature, high resolution grating spectrometer (HRGS) with a back-illuminated charge-coupled device detector is reported. The instrument is cross-calibrated for the 10-50 angstrom waveband at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory electron beam ion trap (EBIT) x-ray source with the EBIT calorimeter spectrometer. The HRGS instrument is designed for laser-produced plasma experiments and is important for making high dynamic range measurements of line intensities, line shapes, and x-ray sources. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3494276] C1 [Magee, E. W.; Dunn, J.; Brown, G. V.; Cone, K. V.; Park, J.; Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cone, K. V.; Park, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Porter, F. S.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Kelley, R. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dunn6@llnl.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E314 DI 10.1063/1.3494276 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000211 PM 21034013 ER PT J AU May, MJ Widmann, K Sorce, C Park, HS Schneider, M AF May, M. J. Widmann, K. Sorce, C. Park, H. -S. Schneider, M. TI Uncertainty analysis technique for OMEGA Dante measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FACILITY AB The Dante is an 18 channel x-ray filtered diode array which records the spectrally and temporally resolved radiation flux from various targets (e. g., hohlraums, etc.) at x-ray energies between 50 eV and 10 keV. It is a main diagnostic installed on the OMEGA laser facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester. The absolute flux is determined from the photometric calibration of the x-ray diodes, filters and mirrors, and an unfold algorithm. Understanding the errors on this absolute measurement is critical for understanding hohlraum energetic physics. We present a new method for quantifying the uncertainties on the determined flux using a Monte Carlo parameter variation technique. This technique combines the uncertainties in both the unfold algorithm and the error from the absolute calibration of each channel into a one sigma Gaussian error function. One thousand test voltage sets are created using these error functions and processed by the unfold algorithm to produce individual spectra and fluxes. Statistical methods are applied to the resultant set of fluxes to estimate error bars on the measurements. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3475385] C1 [May, M. J.; Widmann, K.; Sorce, C.; Park, H. -S.; Schneider, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP May, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM may13@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E505 DI 10.1063/1.3475385 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000232 PM 21034033 ER PT J AU McEvoy, AM Herrmann, HW Horsfield, CJ Young, CS Miller, EK Mack, JM Kim, Y Stoeffl, W Rubery, M Evans, S Sedillo, T Ali, ZA AF McEvoy, A. M. Herrmann, H. W. Horsfield, C. J. Young, C. S. Miller, E. K. Mack, J. M. Kim, Y. Stoeffl, W. Rubery, M. Evans, S. Sedillo, T. Ali, Z. A. TI Gamma bang time analysis at OMEGA SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Absolute bang time measurements with the gas Cherenkov detector (GCD) and gamma reaction history (GRH) diagnostic have been performed to high precision at the OMEGA laser facility at the University of Rochester with bang time values for the two diagnostics agreeing to within 5 ps on average. X-ray timing measurements of laser-target coupling were used to calibrate a facility-generated laser timing fiducial with rms spreads in the measured coupling times of 9 ps for both GCD and GRH. Increased fusion yields at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will allow for improved measurement precision with the GRH easily exceeding NIF system design requirements. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3485083] C1 [McEvoy, A. M.; Herrmann, H. W.; Young, C. S.; Mack, J. M.; Kim, Y.; Evans, S.; Sedillo, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Horsfield, C. J.; Rubery, M.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Miller, E. K.] Natl Secur Technol Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Stoeffl, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ali, Z. A.] Natl Secur Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McEvoy, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amcevoy@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 DI 10.1063/1.3485083 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000023 PM 21033846 ER PT J AU McKee, GR Fonck, RJ Shafer, MW Uzun-Kaymak, IU Yan, Z AF McKee, G. R. Fonck, R. J. Shafer, M. W. Uzun-Kaymak, I. U. Yan, Z. TI Wide-field turbulence imaging with beam emission spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY; SYSTEM AB Imaging of the size, shape, time-averaged, and time-resolved dynamics of long-wavelength density turbulence structures is accomplished with an expanded, high-sensitivity, wide-field beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic on DIII-D. A 64-channel BES system is configured with an 8 X 8 grid of discrete channels that image an approximately 7 X 9 cm region at the outboard midplane. The grid covers multiple correlation lengths and each channel shape matches the measured radial-poloidal correlation length asymmetry of turbulent eddies. The wide field 8 X 8 imaging capability allows for sampling of essentially the full two-dimensional spatial correlation function for typical plasma conditions. The sampled area can be radially scanned over 0.4 < r/a < 1, including the core ((n) over tilde /n < 1% ), pedestal, and scrape-off-layer. The resulting time-resolved visualizations of turbulence and flows provide critical data on turbulence dynamics. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3495788] C1 [McKee, G. R.; Fonck, R. J.; Uzun-Kaymak, I. U.; Yan, Z.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shafer, M. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McKee, GR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM grmckee@wisc.edu RI Yan, Zheng/E-7005-2011 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D741 DI 10.1063/1.3495788 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000120 PM 21033932 ER PT J AU Moody, JD Datte, P Krauter, K Bond, E Michel, PA Glenzer, SH Divol, L Niemann, C Suter, L Meezan, N MacGowan, BJ Hibbard, R London, R Kilkenny, J Wallace, R Kline, JL Knittel, K Frieders, G Golick, B Ross, G Widmann, K Jackson, J Vernon, S Clancy, T AF Moody, J. D. Datte, P. Krauter, K. Bond, E. Michel, P. A. Glenzer, S. H. Divol, L. Niemann, C. Suter, L. Meezan, N. MacGowan, B. J. Hibbard, R. London, R. Kilkenny, J. Wallace, R. Kline, J. L. Knittel, K. Frieders, G. Golick, B. Ross, G. Widmann, K. Jackson, J. Vernon, S. Clancy, T. TI Backscatter measurements for NIF ignition targets (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FACILITY; SYSTEM; DESIGN; FUSION AB Backscattered light via laser-plasma instabilities has been measured in early NIF hohlraum experiments on two beam quads using a suite of detectors. A full aperture backscatter system and near backscatter imager (NBI) instrument separately measure the stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattered light. Both instruments work in conjunction to determine the total backscattered power to an accuracy of similar to 15%. In order to achieve the power accuracy we have added time-resolution to the NBI for the first time. This capability provides a temporally resolved spatial image of the backscatter which can be viewed as a movie. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3491035] C1 [Moody, J. D.; Datte, P.; Krauter, K.; Bond, E.; Michel, P. A.; Glenzer, S. H.; Divol, L.; Suter, L.; Meezan, N.; MacGowan, B. J.; Hibbard, R.; London, R.; Kilkenny, J.; Wallace, R.; Knittel, K.; Frieders, G.; Golick, B.; Ross, G.; Widmann, K.; Jackson, J.; Vernon, S.; Clancy, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Niemann, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kline, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moody4@llnl.gov RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 NR 11 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D921 DI 10.1063/1.3491035 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000141 PM 21033953 ER PT J AU Murari, A Angelone, M Bonheure, G Cecil, E Craciunescu, T Darrow, D Edlington, T Ericsson, G Gatu-Johnson, M Gorini, G Hellesen, C Kiptily, V Mlynar, J von Thun, CP Pillon, M Popovichev, S Syme, B Tardocchi, M Zoita, VL AF Murari, A. Angelone, M. Bonheure, G. Cecil, E. Craciunescu, T. Darrow, D. Edlington, T. Ericsson, G. Gatu-Johnson, M. Gorini, G. Hellesen, C. Kiptily, V. Mlynar, J. von Thun, C. Perez Pillon, M. Popovichev, S. Syme, B. Tardocchi, M. Zoita, V. L. CA EFDA-JET Contributors TI New developments in the diagnostics for the fusion products on JET in preparation for ITER, (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID NEUTRON AB Notwithstanding the advances of the past decades, significant developments are still needed to satisfactorily diagnose "burning plasmas." D-T plasmas indeed require a series of additional measurements for the optimization and control of the configuration: the 14 MeV neutrons, the isotopic composition of the main plasma, the helium ash, and the redistribution and losses of the alpha particles. Moreover a burning plasma environment is in general much more hostile for diagnostics than purely deuterium plasmas. Therefore, in addition to the development and refinement of new measuring techniques, technological advances are also indispensable for the proper characterization of the next generation of devices. On JET an integrated program of diagnostic developments, for JET future and in preparation for ITER, has been pursued and many new results are now available. In the field of neutron detection, the neutron spectra are now routinely measured in the energy range of 1-18 MeV by a time of flight spectrometer and they have allowed studying the effects of rf heating on the fast ions. A new analysis method for the interpretation of the neutron cameras measurements has been refined and applied to the data of the last trace tritium campaign (TTE). With regard to technological upgrades, chemical vapor deposition diamond detectors have been qualified both as neutron counters and as neutron spectrometers, with a potential energy resolution of about one percent. The in situ calibration of the neutron diagnostics, in preparation for the operation with the ITER-like wall, is also promoting important technological developments. With regard to the fast particles, for the first time the temperature of the fast particle tails has been obtained with a new high purity Germanium detector measuring the gamma emission spectrum from the plasma. The effects of toroidal Alfven eigenmodes modes and various MHD instabilities on the confinement of the fast particles have been determined with a combination of gamma ray cameras, neutral particle analyzers, scintillator probe, and Faraday cups. From a more technological perspective, various neutron filters have been tested to allow measurement of the gamma ray emission also at high level of neutron yield. [doi:10.1063/1.3502038] C1 [Murari, A.; Angelone, M.; Bonheure, G.; Cecil, E.; Craciunescu, T.; Darrow, D.; Edlington, T.; Ericsson, G.; Gatu-Johnson, M.; Gorini, G.; Hellesen, C.; Kiptily, V.; Mlynar, J.; von Thun, C. Perez; Pillon, M.; Popovichev, S.; Syme, B.; Tardocchi, M.; Zoita, V. L.] Culham Sci Ctr, JET EFDA, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Murari, A.; Angelone, M.; Pillon, M.] Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Bonheure, G.] Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cecil, E.] Royal Mil Acad, Assoc Euratom Belgian State, Plasma Phys Lab, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Craciunescu, T.; Zoita, V. L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Darrow, D.] Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, EURATOM MEdC Assoc, Bucharest, Romania. [Edlington, T.; Kiptily, V.; Popovichev, S.; Syme, B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ericsson, G.; Gatu-Johnson, M.; Hellesen, C.] Culham Sci Ctr, EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Gorini, G.; Tardocchi, M.] Uppsala Univ, EURATOM VR Assoc, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden. [Mlynar, J.] IFP Milano, Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, Milan, Italy. [von Thun, C. Perez] Inst Plasma Phys AS CR, Assoc Euratom IPPCR, Vvi, CZ-18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [EFDA-JET Contributors] Euratom MPI Plasmaphys Assoc, Garching, Germany. RP Murari, A (reprint author), Culham Sci Ctr, JET EFDA, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RI Craciunescu, Teddy/B-8381-2011; Mlynar, Jan/G-9941-2014; Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Mlynar, Jan/0000-0003-4718-4321; Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E136 DI 10.1063/1.3502038 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000195 PM 21061488 ER PT J AU Nash, TJ Rochau, GA Bailey, JE AF Nash, T. J. Rochau, G. A. Bailey, J. E. TI Design of dynamic Hohlraum opacity samples to increase measured sample density on Z SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID POWER AB We are attempting to measure the transmission of iron on Z at plasma temperatures and densities relevant to the solar radiation and convection zone boundary. The opacity data published by us to date has been taken at an electron density about a factor of 10 below the 9 x 10(22)/cm(3) electron density of this boundary. We present results of two-dimensional (2D) simulations of the heating and expansion of an opacity sample driven by the dynamic Hohlraum radiation source on Z. The aim of the simulations is to design foil samples that provide opacity data at increased density. The inputs or source terms for the simulations are spatially and temporally varying radiation temperatures with a Lambertian angular distribution. These temperature profiles were inferred on Z with on-axis time-resolved pinhole cameras, x-ray diodes, and bolometers. A typical sample is 0.3 mu m of magnesium and 0.078 mu m of iron sandwiched between 10 mu m layers of plastic. The 2D LASNEX simulations indicate that to increase the density of the sample one should increase the thickness of the plastic backing. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3483230] C1 [Nash, T. J.; Rochau, G. A.; Bailey, J. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nash, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjnash@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E518 DI 10.1063/1.3483230 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000245 PM 21034046 ER PT J AU Pablant, NA Burrell, KH Groebner, RJ Holcomb, CT Kaplan, DH AF Pablant, N. A. Burrell, K. H. Groebner, R. J. Holcomb, C. T. Kaplan, D. H. TI Measurements of the internal magnetic field using the B-Stark motional Stark effect diagnostic on DIII-D (inivited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION SPECTROSCOPY; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; EQUILIBRIUM RECONSTRUCTION; D TOKAMAK; ITER; PROFILES; PLASMAS AB Results are presented from the B-Stark diagnostic installed on the DIII-D tokamak. This diagnostic provides measurements of the magnitude and direction of the internal magnetic field. The B-Stark system is a version of a motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic based on the relative line intensities and spacing of the Stark split D(alpha) emission from injected neutral beams. This technique may have advantages over MSE polarimetry based diagnostics in future devices, such as the ITER. The B-Stark diagnostic technique and calibration procedures are discussed. The system is shown to provide accurate measurements of B(theta)/B(T) and vertical bar B vertical bar over a range of plasma conditions. Measurements have been made with toroidal fields in the range of 1.2-2.1 T, plasma currents in the range 0.5-2.0 MA, densities between 1.7 and 9.0 X 10(19) m(-3), and neutral beam voltages between 50 and 81 keV. The viewing direction and polarization dependent transmission properties of the collection optics are found using an in situ beam into gas calibration. These results are compared to values found from plasma equilibrium reconstructions and the MSE polarimetry system on DIII-D. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491209] C1 [Pablant, N. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Burrell, K. H.; Groebner, R. J.; Kaplan, D. H.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Holcomb, C. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pablant, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM antoniuk@fusion.gat.com NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D729 DI 10.1063/1.3491209 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000108 PM 21033922 ER PT J AU Pace, DC Fisher, RK Garcia-Munoz, M Darrow, DS Heidbrink, WW Muscatello, CM Nazikian, R Van Zeeland, MA Zhu, YB AF Pace, D. C. Fisher, R. K. Garcia-Munoz, M. Darrow, D. S. Heidbrink, W. W. Muscatello, C. M. Nazikian, R. Van Zeeland, M. A. Zhu, Y. B. TI Modeling the response of a fast ion loss detector using orbit tracing techniques in a neutral beam prompt-loss study on the DIII-D tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FUSION PRODUCTS; PARTICLES; SECTION; TFTR AB A numerical model describing the expected measurements of neutral beam prompt-losses by a newly commissioned fast ion loss detector (FILD) in DIII-D is presented. This model incorporates the well understood neutral beam deposition profiles from all eight DIII-D beamlines to construct a prompt-loss source distribution. The full range of detectable ion orbit phase space available to the FILD is used to calculate ion trajectories that overlap with neutral beam injection footprints. Weight functions are applied to account for the level of overlap between these detectable orbits and the spatial and velocity (pitch) properties of ionized beam neutrals. An experimental comparison is performed by firing each neutral beam individually in the presence of a ramping plasma current. Fast ion losses determined from the model are in agreement with measured losses. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478996] C1 [Pace, D. C.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Muscatello, C. M.; Zhu, Y. B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Fisher, R. K.; Van Zeeland, M. A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Garcia-Munoz, M.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Darrow, D. S.; Nazikian, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pace, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM pacedc@fusion.gat.com RI garcia-munoz, manuel/C-6825-2008 OI garcia-munoz, manuel/0000-0002-3241-502X NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 DI 10.1063/1.3478996 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000006 PM 21033831 ER PT J AU Palaniyappan, S Shah, RC Johnson, R Shimada, T Gautier, DC Letzring, S Jung, D Horlein, R Offermann, DT Fernandez, JC Hegelich, BM AF Palaniyappan, S. Shah, R. C. Johnson, R. Shimada, T. Gautier, D. C. Letzring, S. Jung, D. Hoerlein, R. Offermann, D. T. Fernandez, J. C. Hegelich, B. M. TI Pulse shape measurements using single shot-frequency resolved optical gating for high energy (80 J) short pulse (600 fs) laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID BEAMS AB Relevant to laser based electron/ion accelerations, a single shot second harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) system has been developed to characterize laser pulses (80 J, similar to 600 fs) incident on and transmitted through nanofoil targets, employing relay imaging, spatial filter, and partially coated glass substrates to reduce spatial nonuniformity and B-integral. The device can be completely aligned without using a pulsed laser source. Variations of incident pulse shape were measured from durations of 613 fs (nearly symmetric shape) to 571 fs (asymmetric shape with pre- or postpulse). The FROG measurements are consistent with independent spectral and autocorrelation measurements. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3464258] C1 [Palaniyappan, S.; Shah, R. C.; Johnson, R.; Shimada, T.; Gautier, D. C.; Letzring, S.; Jung, D.; Offermann, D. T.; Fernandez, J. C.; Hegelich, B. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Shah, R. C.; Jung, D.; Hoerlein, R.; Hegelich, B. M.] Univ Munich, D-85748 Munich, Germany. RP Palaniyappan, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM sasi@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Hegelich, Bjorn/J-2689-2013; palaniyappan, sasikumar/A-7791-2015; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E103 DI 10.1063/1.3464258 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000162 PM 21033968 ER PT J AU Park, HS Dewald, ED Glenzer, S Kalantar, DH Kilkenny, JD MacGowan, BJ Maddox, BR Milovich, JL Prasad, RR Remington, BA Robey, HF Thomas, CA AF Park, Hye-Sook Dewald, E. D. Glenzer, S. Kalantar, D. H. Kilkenny, J. D. MacGowan, B. J. Maddox, B. R. Milovich, J. L. Prasad, R. R. Remington, B. A. Robey, H. F. Thomas, C. A. TI Characterizing high energy spectra of NIF ignition Hohlraums using a differentially filtered high energy multipinhole x-ray imager SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Understanding hot electron distributions generated inside Hohlraums is important to the national ignition campaign for controlling implosion symmetry and sources of preheat. While direct imaging of hot electrons is difficult, their spatial distribution and spectrum can be deduced by detecting high energy x-rays generated as they interact with target materials. We used an array of 18 pinholes with four independent filter combinations to image entire Hohlraums with a magnification of 0.87 x during the Hohlraum energetics campaign on NIF. Comparing our results with Hohlraum simulations indicates that the characteristic 10-40 keV hot electrons are mainly generated from backscattered laser-plasma interactions rather than from Hohlraum hydrodynamics. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478682] C1 [Park, Hye-Sook; Dewald, E. D.; Glenzer, S.; Kalantar, D. H.; Kilkenny, J. D.; MacGowan, B. J.; Maddox, B. R.; Milovich, J. L.; Prasad, R. R.; Remington, B. A.; Robey, H. F.; Thomas, C. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM park1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E519 DI 10.1063/1.3478682 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000246 PM 21034047 ER PT J AU Park, J Brown, GV Schneider, MB Baldis, HA Beiersdorfer, P Cone, KV Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Magee, EW May, MJ Porter, FS AF Park, J. Brown, G. V. Schneider, M. B. Baldis, H. A. Beiersdorfer, P. Cone, K. V. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Magee, E. W. May, M. J. Porter, F. S. TI Calibration of a flat field soft x-ray grating spectrometer for laser produced plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB We have calibrated the x-ray response of a variable line spaced grating spectrometer, known as the VSG, at the Fusion and Astrophysics Data and Diagnostic Calibration Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The VSG has been developed to diagnose laser produced plasmas, such as those created at the Jupiter Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility at LLNL and at both the Omega and Omega EP lasers at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics. The bandwidth of the VSG spans the range of similar to 6-60 angstrom. The calibration results presented here include the VSG's dispersion and quantum efficiency. The dispersion is determined by measuring the x rays emitted from the hydrogenlike and heliumlike ions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, and aluminum. The quantum efficiency is calibrated to an accuracy of 30% or better by normalizing the x-ray intensities recorded by the VSG to those simultaneously recorded by an x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3495790] C1 [Park, J.; Brown, G. V.; Schneider, M. B.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Cone, K. V.; Magee, E. W.; May, M. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Park, J.; Baldis, H. A.; Cone, K. V.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM park29@llnl.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E319 DI 10.1063/1.3495790 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000216 PM 21034017 ER PT J AU Reichle, R Andrew, P Counsell, G Drevon, JM Encheva, A Janeschitz, G Johnson, D Kusama, Y Levesy, B Martin, A Pitcher, CS Pitts, R Thomas, D Vayakis, G Walsh, M AF Reichle, R. Andrew, P. Counsell, G. Drevon, J. -M. Encheva, A. Janeschitz, G. Johnson, D. Kusama, Y. Levesy, B. Martin, A. Pitcher, C. S. Pitts, R. Thomas, D. Vayakis, G. Walsh, M. TI Defining the infrared systems for ITER SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor will have wide angle viewing systems and a divertor thermography diagnostic, which shall provide infrared coverage of the divertor and large parts of the first wall surfaces with spatial and temporal resolution adequate for operational purposes and higher resolved details of the divertor and other areas for physics investigations. We propose specifications for each system such that they jointly respond to the requirements. Risk analysis driven priorities for future work concern mirror degradation, interfaces with other diagnostics, radiation damage to refractive optics, reflections, and the development of calibration and measurement methods for varying optical and thermal target properties. [doi:10.1063/1.3491199] C1 [Reichle, R.; Andrew, P.; Drevon, J. -M.; Encheva, A.; Janeschitz, G.; Levesy, B.; Martin, A.; Pitcher, C. S.; Pitts, R.; Thomas, D.; Vayakis, G.; Walsh, M.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Counsell, G.] F4E, Barcelona 08091, Spain. [Johnson, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Kusama, Y.] JAEA, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RP Reichle, R (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM roger.reichle@iter.org NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E135 DI 10.1063/1.3491199 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000194 PM 21033997 ER PT J AU Reinke, ML Beiersdorfer, P Howard, NT Magee, EW Podpaly, Y Rice, JE Terry, JL AF Reinke, M. L. Beiersdorfer, P. Howard, N. T. Magee, E. W. Podpaly, Y. Rice, J. E. Terry, J. L. TI Vacuum ultraviolet impurity spectroscopy on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; X-RAY; ANGSTROM; SPECTRUM; RANGE AB Vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy is used on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak to study the physics of impurity transport and provide feedback on impurity levels to assist experimental operations. Sputtering from C-Mod's all metal (Mo+W) plasma facing components and ion cyclotron range of frequency antenna and vessel structures (sources for Ti, Fe, Cu, and Ni), the use of boronization for plasma surface conditioning and Ar, Ne, or N(2) gas seeding combine to provide a wealth of spectroscopic data from low-Z to high-Z. Recently, a laser blow-off impurity injector has been added, employing CaF(2) to study core and edge impurity transport. One of the primary tools used to monitor the impurities is a 2.2 m Rowland circle spectrometer utilizing a Reticon array fiber coupled to a microchannel plate. With a 600 lines/mm grating the 80 < lambda < 1050 angstrom range can be scanned, although only 40-100 angstrom can be observed for a single discharge. Recently, a flat-field grating spectrometer was installed which utilizes a varied line spacing grating to image the spectrum to a soft x-ray sensitive Princeton Instruments charge-coupled device camera. Using a 2400 lines/mm grating, the 10 < lambda < 70 angstrom range can be scanned with 5-6 nm observed for a single discharge. A variety of results from recent experiments are shown that highlight the capability to track a wide range of impurities. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3494380] C1 [Reinke, M. L.; Howard, N. T.; Podpaly, Y.; Rice, J. E.; Terry, J. L.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Magee, E. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reinke, ML (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mlreinke@psfc.mit.edu NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D736 DI 10.1063/1.3494380 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000115 PM 21033927 ER PT J AU Rhodes, TL Peebles, WA Nguyen, X Hillesheim, JC Schmitz, L White, AE Wang, G AF Rhodes, T. L. Peebles, W. A. Nguyen, X. Hillesheim, J. C. Schmitz, L. White, A. E. Wang, G. TI Quasioptical design of integrated Doppler backscattering and correlation electron cyclotron emission systems on the DIII-D tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; TORE-SUPRA; REFLECTOMETRY AB The quasioptical design of a new integrated Doppler backscattering (DBS) and correlation electron cyclotron emission (CECE) system is presented. The design provides for simultaneous measurements of intermediate wavenumber density and long wavelength electron temperature turbulence behavior. The Doppler backscattering technique is sensitive to plasma turbulence flow and has been utilized to determine radial electric field, geodesic acoustic modes, zonal flows, and intermediate scale (k similar to 1-6 cm(-1)) density turbulence. The correlation ECE system measures a second turbulent field, electron temperature fluctuations, and is sensitive to long poloidal wavelength (k <= 1.8 cm(-1)). The integrated system utilizes a newly installed in-vessel focusing mirror that produces a beam waist diameter of 3.5-5 cm in the plasma depending on the frequency. A single antenna (i.e., monostatic operation) is used for both launch and receive. The DBS wavenumber is selected via an adjustable launch angle and variable probing frequency. Due to the unique system design both positive and negative wavenumbers can be obtained, with a range of low to intermediate wavenumbers possible (approximately -3 to 10 cm(-1)). A unique feature of the design is the ability to place the DBS and CECE measurements at the same radial and poloidal locations allowing for cross correlation studies (e.g., measurement of nT cross-phase). (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3475797] C1 [Rhodes, T. L.; Peebles, W. A.; Nguyen, X.; Hillesheim, J. C.; Schmitz, L.; Wang, G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90098 USA. [White, A. E.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rhodes, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90098 USA. EM trhodes@ucla.edu RI White, Anne/B-8990-2011 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D912 DI 10.1063/1.3475797 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000132 PM 21033944 ER PT J AU Ross, JS Kline, JL Yang, S Henesian, M Weiland, T Price, D Pollock, BB Glenzer, SH AF Ross, J. S. Kline, J. L. Yang, S. Henesian, M. Weiland, T. Price, D. Pollock, B. B. Glenzer, S. H. TI 4 omega Thomson scattering probe for high-density plasma characterization at Titan SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA; WAVES AB In preparation for the upcoming experiments on the Titan laser at the Jupiter Laser Facility, a new Thomson scattering system has been designed and implemented. This system allows electron temperature and density measurements in a high-density regime (n(e) > 10(21) cm(-3)). A 263 nm probe has been demonstrated to produce a total energy of 15 J at 4 omega(263 nm) in a 1 ns square pulse with a focal spot size of 100 mu m. This probe has been used for imaging Thomson scattering of the ion feature. The goal of this study is to investigate the heating of a preformed plasma by a short-pulse heater beam. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3489136] C1 [Ross, J. S.; Yang, S.; Henesian, M.; Weiland, T.; Price, D.; Pollock, B. B.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ross, J. S.; Pollock, B. B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kline, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ross, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D524 DI 10.1063/1.3489136 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000062 PM 21033879 ER PT J AU Ross, JS Glenzer, SH Palastro, JP Pollock, BB Price, D Tynan, GR Froula, DH AF Ross, J. S. Glenzer, S. H. Palastro, J. P. Pollock, B. B. Price, D. Tynan, G. R. Froula, D. H. TI Thomson-scattering measurements in the collective and noncollective regimes in laser produced plasmas (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID WAVES AB We present simultaneous Thomson-scattering measurements of light scattered from ion-acoustic and electron-plasma fluctuations in a N(2) gas jet plasma. By varying the plasma density from 1.5 x 10(18) to 4.0 x 10(19) cm(-3) and the temperature from 100 to 600 eV, we observe the transition from the collective regime to the noncollective regime in the high-frequency Thomson-scattering spectrum. These measurements allow an accurate local measurement of fundamental plasma parameters: electron temperature, density, and ion temperature. Furthermore, experiments performed in the high densities typically found in laser produced plasmas result in scattering from electrons moving near the phase velocity of the relativistic plasma waves. Therefore, it is shown that even at low temperatures relativistic corrections to the scattered power must be included. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478975] C1 [Ross, J. S.; Glenzer, S. H.; Pollock, B. B.; Price, D.; Froula, D. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ross, J. S.; Pollock, B. B.; Tynan, G. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Palastro, J. P.] Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Ross, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D523 DI 10.1063/1.3478975 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000061 PM 21033878 ER PT J AU Rowan, W Austin, M Beno, J Ellis, R Feder, R Ouroua, A Patel, A Phillips, P AF Rowan, W. Austin, M. Beno, J. Ellis, R. Feder, R. Ouroua, A. Patel, A. Phillips, P. TI Electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for ITER SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB Electron temperature measurements and electron thermal transport inferences will be critical to the nonactive and deuterium phases of ITER operation and will take on added importance during the alpha heating phase. The diagnostic must meet stringent criteria on spatial coverage and spatial resolution during full field operation. During the early phases of operation, it must operate equally well at half field. The key to the diagnostic is the front end design. It consists of a quasioptical antenna and a pair of calibration sources. The radial resolution of the diagnostic is less than 0.06 m. The spatial coverage extends at least from the core to the separatrix with first harmonic O-mode being used for the core and second harmonic X-mode being used for the pedestal. The instrumentation used for the core measurement at full field can be used for detection at half field by changing the detected polarization. Intermediate fields are accessible. The electron cyclotron emission systems require in situ calibration, which is provided by a novel hot calibration source. The critical component for the hot calibration source, the emissive surface, has been successfully tested. A prototype hot calibration source has been designed, making use of extensive thermal and mechanical modeling. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3496978] C1 [Rowan, W.; Austin, M.; Phillips, P.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Beno, J.; Ouroua, A.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Electromech, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Ellis, R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Feder, R.; Patel, A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Rowan, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM w.l.rowan@mail.utexas.edu NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D935 DI 10.1063/1.3496978 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000155 PM 21033963 ER PT J AU Rubery, MS Horsfield, CJ Herrmann, HW Kim, Y Mack, JM Young, CS Caldwell, SE Evans, SC Sedilleo, TJ McEvoy, A Miller, EK Stoeffl, W Ali, Z Toebbe, J AF Rubery, M. S. Horsfield, C. J. Herrmann, H. W. Kim, Y. Mack, J. M. Young, C. S. Caldwell, S. E. Evans, S. C. Sedilleo, T. J. McEvoy, A. Miller, E. K. Stoeffl, W. Ali, Z. Toebbe, J. TI GEANT4 simulations of Cherenkov reaction history diagnostics SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FUSION AB This paper compares the results from a GEANT4 simulation of the gas Cherenkov detector 1 (GCD1) with previous simulations and experimental data from the Omega laser facility. The GCD1 collects gammas emitted during a deuterium-tritium capsule implosion and converts them, through several processes, to Cherenkov light. Photon signals are recorded using subnanosecond photomultiplier tubes, producing burn reaction histories. The GEANT4 GCD1 simulation is first benchmarked against ACCEPT, an integrated tiger series code, with good agreement. The simulation is subsequently compared with data from the Omega laser facility, where experiments have been performed to measure the effects of Hohlraum materials on reaction history signals, in preparation for experiments at the National Ignition Facility. [doi:10.1063/1.3496979] C1 [Rubery, M. S.; Horsfield, C. J.] AWE, Reading RGR 4PR, Berks, England. [Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y.; Mack, J. M.; Young, C. S.; Caldwell, S. E.; Evans, S. C.; Sedilleo, T. J.; McEvoy, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Miller, E. K.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Stoeffl, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94559 USA. [Ali, Z.] Natl Secur Technol LLE LO, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Toebbe, J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rubery, MS (reprint author), AWE, Reading RGR 4PR, Berks, England. EM michael.rubery@awe.co.uk NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D328 DI 10.1063/1.3496979 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000029 PM 21033850 ER PT J AU Safronova, AS Ouart, ND Lepson, JK Beiersdorfer, P Stratton, B Bitter, M Kantsyrev, VL Cox, PG Shlyaptseva, V Williamson, KM AF Safronova, A. S. Ouart, N. D. Lepson, J. K. Beiersdorfer, P. Stratton, B. Bitter, M. Kantsyrev, V. L. Cox, P. G. Shlyaptseva, V. Williamson, K. M. TI X-ray spectroscopy of Cu impurities on NSTX and comparison with Z-pinch plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB X-ray spectroscopy of mid-Z metal impurities is important in the study of tokamak plasmas and may reveal potential problems if their contribution to the radiated power becomes substantial. The analysis of the data from a high-resolution x-ray and extreme ultraviolet grating spectrometer, XEUS, installed on NSTX, was performed focused on a detailed study of x-ray spectra in the range 7-18 angstrom. These spectra include not only commonly seen iron spectra but also copper spectra not yet employed as an NSTX plasma impurity diagnostic. In particular, the L-shell Cu spectra were modeled and predictions were made for identifying contributions from various Cu ions in different spectral bands. Also, similar spectra, but from much denser Cu plasmas produced on the UNR Z-pinch facility and collected using the convex-crystal spectrometer, were analyzed and compared with NSTX results. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478673] C1 [Safronova, A. S.; Ouart, N. D.; Kantsyrev, V. L.; Cox, P. G.; Shlyaptseva, V.; Williamson, K. M.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lepson, J. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Stratton, B.; Bitter, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Safronova, AS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM alla@unr.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E305 DI 10.1063/1.3478673 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000202 PM 21034004 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, DB Kugland, NL Constantin, CG Everson, ET Van Compernolle, B Ebbers, CA Glenzer, SH Niemann, C AF Schaeffer, D. B. Kugland, N. L. Constantin, C. G. Everson, E. T. Van Compernolle, B. Ebbers, C. A. Glenzer, S. H. Niemann, C. TI A scalable multipass laser cavity based on injection by frequency conversion for noncollective Thomson scattering SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID PLASMAS; DENSITY; SYSTEM AB A scalable setup using injection by frequency conversion to establish a multipassing cavity for noncollective Thomson scattering on low density plasmas is presented. The cavity is shown to support > 10 passes through the target volume with a 400% increase in energy on target versus a single-pass setup. Rayleigh scattering experiments were performed and demonstrate the viability of the cell to study low density plasmas of the order of 10(12)-10(13) cm(-3). A high-repetition, low-energy, single-pass Thomson scattering setup was also performed on the University of California, Los Angeles Large Plasma Device and shows that the multipass cavity could have a significant advantage over the high-repetition approach due to the cavity setup's inherently higher signal per shot. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3460626] C1 [Schaeffer, D. B.; Kugland, N. L.; Constantin, C. G.; Everson, E. T.; Van Compernolle, B.; Niemann, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kugland, N. L.; Ebbers, C. A.; Glenzer, S. H.; Niemann, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schaeffer, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM quod17@physics.ucla.edu OI Van Compernolle, Bart/0000-0002-5853-6233 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D518 DI 10.1063/1.3460626 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000056 PM 21033873 ER PT J AU Schneider, MB Jones, OS Meezan, NB Milovich, JL Town, RP Alvarez, SS Beeler, RG Bradley, DK Celeste, JR Dixit, SN Edwards, MJ Haugh, MJ Kalantar, DH Kline, JL Kyrala, GA Landen, OL MacGowan, BJ Michel, P Moody, JD Oberhelman, SK Piston, KW Pivovaroff, MJ Suter, LJ Teruya, AT Thomas, CA Vernon, SP Warrick, AL Widmann, K Wood, RD Young, BK AF Schneider, M. B. Jones, O. S. Meezan, N. B. Milovich, J. L. Town, R. P. Alvarez, S. S. Beeler, R. G. Bradley, D. K. Celeste, J. R. Dixit, S. N. Edwards, M. J. Haugh, M. J. Kalantar, D. H. Kline, J. L. Kyrala, G. A. Landen, O. L. MacGowan, B. J. Michel, P. Moody, J. D. Oberhelman, S. K. Piston, K. W. Pivovaroff, M. J. Suter, L. J. Teruya, A. T. Thomas, C. A. Vernon, S. P. Warrick, A. L. Widmann, K. Wood, R. D. Young, B. K. TI Images of the laser entrance hole from the static x-ray imager at NIF SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY AB The static x-ray imager at the National Ignition Facility is a pinhole camera using a CCD detector to obtain images of Hohlraum wall x-ray drive illumination patterns seen through the laser entrance hole (LEH). Carefully chosen filters, combined with the CCD response, allow recording images in the x-ray range of 3-5 keV with 60 mu m spatial resolution. The routines used to obtain the apparent size of the backlit LEH and the location and intensity of beam spots are discussed and compared to predictions. A new soft x-ray channel centered at 870 eV (near the x-ray peak of a 300 eV temperature ignition Hohlraum) is discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491316] C1 [Schneider, M. B.; Jones, O. S.; Meezan, N. B.; Milovich, J. L.; Town, R. P.; Alvarez, S. S.; Beeler, R. G.; Bradley, D. K.; Celeste, J. R.; Dixit, S. N.; Edwards, M. J.; Kalantar, D. H.; Landen, O. L.; MacGowan, B. J.; Michel, P.; Moody, J. D.; Oberhelman, S. K.; Piston, K. W.; Pivovaroff, M. J.; Suter, L. J.; Teruya, A. T.; Thomas, C. A.; Vernon, S. P.; Warrick, A. L.; Widmann, K.; Wood, R. D.; Young, B. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kalantar, D. H.] Natl Secur Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kline, J. L.; Kyrala, G. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schneider, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schneider5@llnl.gov RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012; Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014; OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E538 DI 10.1063/1.3491316 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000265 PM 21034065 ER PT J AU Scotti, F Bell, RE AF Scotti, Filippo Bell, Ronald E. TI High accuracy wavelength calibration for a scanning visible spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Spectroscopic applications for plasma velocity measurements often require wavelength accuracies <= 0.2 angstrom. An automated calibration, which is stable over time and environmental conditions without the need to recalibrate after each grating movement, was developed for a scanning spectrometer to achieve high wavelength accuracy over the visible spectrum. This method fits all relevant spectrometer parameters using multiple calibration spectra. With a stepping-motor controlled sine drive, an accuracy of similar to 0.25 angstrom has been demonstrated. With the addition of a high resolution (0.075 arc sec) optical encoder on the grating stage, greater precision (similar to 0.005 angstrom) is possible, allowing absolute velocity measurements within similar to 0.3 km/s. This level of precision requires monitoring of atmospheric temperature and pressure and of grating bulk temperature to correct for changes in the refractive index of air and the groove density, respectively. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3489975] C1 [Scotti, Filippo; Bell, Ronald E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Scotti, F (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM fscotti@pppl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D732 DI 10.1063/1.3489975 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000111 PM 21033925 ER PT J AU Shafer, MW Battaglia, DJ Unterberg, EA Evans, TE Hillis, DL Maingi, R AF Shafer, M. W. Battaglia, D. J. Unterberg, E. A. Evans, T. E. Hillis, D. L. Maingi, R. TI 2D soft x-ray system on DIII-D for imaging the magnetic topology in the pedestal region SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID CAMERA AB A new tangential two-dimensional soft x-ray imaging system (SXRIS) is being designed to examine the edge island structure in the lower X-point region of DIII-D. Plasma shielding and/or amplification of the calculated vacuum islands may play a role in the suppression of edge-localized modes via resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). The SXRIS is intended to improve the understanding of three-dimensional (3D) phenomena associated with RMPs. This system utilizes a tangential view with a pinhole imaging system and spectral filtering with beryllium foils. SXR emission is chosen to avoid line radiation and allows suitable signal at the top of a H-mode pedestal where T(e) similar to 1-2 keV. A synthetic diagnostic calculation based on 3D SXR emissivity estimates is used to help assess signal levels and resolution of the design. A signal-to-noise ratio of 10 at 1 cm resolution is expected for the perturbed signals, which are sufficient to resolve most of the predicted vacuum island sizes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3481166] C1 [Shafer, M. W.; Battaglia, D. J.; Unterberg, E. A.; Hillis, D. L.; Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Evans, T. E.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Shafer, MW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shafer@fusion.gat.com RI Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016 OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E534 DI 10.1063/1.3481166 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000261 PM 21034061 ER PT J AU Shelton, RT Kamperschroer, JH Lagin, LJ Nelson, JR O'Brien, DW AF Shelton, R. T. Kamperschroer, J. H. Lagin, L. J. Nelson, J. R. O'Brien, D. W. TI Target diagnostic control system implementation for the National Ignition Facility (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The extreme physics of targets shocked by NIF's 192-beam laser is observed by a diverse suite of diagnostics. Many diagnostics are being developed by collaborators at other sites, but ad hoc controls could lead to unreliable and costly operations. A diagnostic control system (DCS) framework for both hardware and software facilitates development and eases integration. Each complex diagnostic typically uses an ensemble of electronic instruments attached to sensors, digitizers, cameras, and other devices. In the DCS architecture each instrument is interfaced to a low-cost WINDOWS XP processor and JAVA application. Each instrument is aggregated with others as needed in the supervisory system to form an integrated diagnostic. The JAVA framework provides data management, control services, and operator graphical user interface generation. DCS instruments are reusable by replication with reconfiguration for specific diagnostics in extensible markup language. Advantages include minimal application code, easy testing, and high reliability. Collaborators save costs by assembling diagnostics with existing DCS instruments. This talk discusses target diagnostic instrumentation used on NIF and presents the DCS architecture and framework. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3464576] C1 [Shelton, R. T.; Kamperschroer, J. H.; Lagin, L. J.; Nelson, J. R.; O'Brien, D. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shelton, RT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sheltonl@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E101 DI 10.1063/1.3464576 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000160 PM 21033966 ER PT J AU Shiraiwa, S Baek, S Dominguez, A Marmar, E Parker, R Kramer, GJ AF Shiraiwa, S. Baek, S. Dominguez, A. Marmar, E. Parker, R. Kramer, G. J. TI Direct detection of lower hybrid wave using a reflectometer on Alcator C-Mod SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The possibility of directly detecting a density perturbation produced by lower hybrid (LH) waves using a reflectometer is presented. We investigate the microwave scattering of reflectometer probe beams by a model density fluctuation produced by short wavelength LH waves in an Alcator C-Mod experimental condition. In the O-mode case, the maximum response of phase measurement is found to occur when the density perturbation is approximately centimeters in front of the antenna, where Bragg scattering condition is satisfied. In the X-mode case, the phase measurement is predicted to be more sensitive to the density fluctuation close to the cut-off layer. A feasibility test was carried out using a 50 GHz O-mode reflectometer on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, and positive results including the detection of 4.6 GHz pump wave and parametric decay instabilities were obtained. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3492370] C1 [Shiraiwa, S.; Baek, S.; Dominguez, A.; Marmar, E.; Parker, R.] MIT Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kramer, G. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shiraiwa, S (reprint author), MIT Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D936 DI 10.1063/1.3492370 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000156 PM 21033964 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Rais, B Roquemore, AL Kugel, HW Marsala, R Provost, T AF Skinner, C. H. Rais, B. Roquemore, A. L. Kugel, H. W. Marsala, R. Provost, T. TI First real-time detection of surface dust in a tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID DIAGNOSTICS; NSTX AB The first real-time detection of surface dust inside a tokamak was made using an electrostatic dust detector. A fine grid of interlocking circuit traces was installed in the NSTX vessel and biased to 50 V. Impinging dust particles created a temporary short circuit and the resulting current pulse was recorded by counting electronics. The techniques used to increase the detector sensitivity by a factor of x10 000 to match NSTX dust levels while suppressing electrical pickup are presented. The results were validated by comparison to laboratory measurements, by the null signal from a covered detector that was only sensitive to pickup, and by the dramatic increase in signal when Li particles were introduced for wall conditioning purposes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3464465] C1 [Skinner, C. H.; Roquemore, A. L.; Kugel, H. W.; Marsala, R.; Provost, T.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Rais, B.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, F-13003 Aix En Provence, France. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E102 DI 10.1063/1.3464465 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000161 PM 21033967 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Feder, H Feder, R Fonck, RJ Labik, G McKee, GR Schoenbeck, N Stratton, BC Uzun-Kaymak, I Winz, G AF Smith, D. R. Feder, H. Feder, R. Fonck, R. J. Labik, G. McKee, G. R. Schoenbeck, N. Stratton, B. C. Uzun-Kaymak, I. Winz, G. TI Overview of the beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic system on the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A beam emission spectroscopy (BES) system has been installed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) to study ion gyroscale fluctuations. The BES system measures D-alpha emission from a deuterium neutral heating beam. The system includes two optical views centered at r/a approximate to 0.45 and 0.85 and aligned to magnetic field pitch angles at the neutral beam. f/1.5 collection optics produce 2-3 cm spot sizes at the neutral beam. The initial channel layout includes radial arrays, poloidal arrays, and two-dimensional grids. Radial arrays provide coverage from r/a approximate to 0.1 to beyond the last-closed flux surface. Photodetectors and digital filters provide high-sensitivity, low-noise measurements at frequencies of up to 1 MHz. The BES system will be a valuable tool for investigating ion gyroscale turbulence and Alfven/energetic particle modes on NSTX. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478660] C1 [Smith, D. R.; Fonck, R. J.; McKee, G. R.; Schoenbeck, N.; Uzun-Kaymak, I.; Winz, G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Feder, H.; Feder, R.; Labik, G.; Stratton, B. C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM drsmith@engr.wisc.edu NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D717 DI 10.1063/1.3478660 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000096 PM 21033910 ER PT J AU Soukhanovskii, VA Roquemore, AL Bell, RE Kaita, R Kugel, HW AF Soukhanovskii, V. A. Roquemore, A. L. Bell, R. E. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. W. TI Spectroscopic diagnostics for liquid lithium divertor studies on National Spherical Torus Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID TCV TOKAMAK; AXUV; ARRAYS; POWER AB The use of lithium-coated plasma facing components for plasma density control is studied in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). A recently installed liquid lithium divertor (LLD) module has a porous molybdenum surface, separated by a stainless steel liner from a heated copper substrate. Lithium is deposited on the LLD from two evaporators. Two new spectroscopic diagnostics are installed to study the plasma surface interactions on the LLD: (1) A 20-element absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV)diode array with a 6 nm bandpass filter centered at 121.6 nm (the Lyman-alpha transition) for spatially resolved divertor recycling rate measurements in the highly reflective LLD environment, and (2 (an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared R=0.67 m imaging Czerny-Turner spectrometer for spatially resolved divertor D I, Li I-II, C I-IV, Mo I, D-2, LiD, CD emission and ion temperature on and around the LLD module. The use of photometrically calibrated measurements together with atomic physics factors enables studies of recycling and impurity particle fluxes as functions of LLD temperature, ion flux, and divertor geometry. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478749] C1 [Soukhanovskii, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Roquemore, A. L.; Bell, R. E.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H. W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Soukhanovskii, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vlad@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D723 DI 10.1063/1.3478749 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000102 PM 21033916 ER PT J AU Stratton, BC Kaita, R AF Stratton, B. C. Kaita, R. TI Preface: Proceedings of the 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics, Wildwood, New Jersey, USA, 16-20 May 2010 SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stratton, B. C.; Kaita, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Stratton, BC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 DI 10.1063/1.3479036 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000001 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Workman, J Flippo, K Feldman, U Seely, JF Hudson, LT Henins, A AF Szabo, C. I. Workman, J. Flippo, K. Feldman, U. Seely, J. F. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. TI Scaling studies with the dual crystal spectrometer at the OMEGA-EP laser facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The dual crystal spectrometer (DCS) is an approved diagnostic at the OMEGA and the OMEGA-EP laser facilities for the measurement of high energy x-rays in the 11-90 keV energy range, e. g., for verification of the x-ray spectrum of backlighter targets of point projection radiography experiments. DCS has two cylindrically bent transmission crystal channels with image plate detectors at distances behind the crystals close to the size of the respective Rowland circle diameters taking advantage of the focusing effect of the cylindrically bent geometry. DCS, with a source to crystal distance of 1.2 m, provides the required energy dispersion for simultaneous detection of x-rays in a low energy channel (11-45 keV) and a high-energy channel (19-90 keV). A scaling study is described for varied pulse length with unchanged laser conditions (energy, focusing). The study shows that the K alpha line intensity is not strongly dependent on the length of the laser pulse. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3494222] C1 [Szabo, C. I.; Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Workman, J.; Flippo, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szabo, CI (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM cszabo@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009 OI Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E320 DI 10.1063/1.3494222 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000217 PM 21034018 ER PT J AU Terry, JL LaBombard, B Brunner, D Payne, J Wurden, GA AF Terry, J. L. LaBombard, B. Brunner, D. Payne, J. Wurden, G. A. TI Divertor IR thermography on Alcator C-Mod SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID HEAT-FLUX; DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT; PLATES AB Alcator C-Mod is a particularly challenging environment for thermography. It presents issues that will similarly face ITER, including low-emissivity metal targets, low-Z surface films, and closed divertor geometry. In order to make measurements of the incident divertor heat flux using IR thermography, the C-Mod divertor has been modified and instrumented. A 6 degrees toroidal sector has been given a 2 degrees toroidal ramp in order to eliminate magnetic field-line shadowing by imperfectly aligned divertor tiles. This sector is viewed from above by a toroidally displaced IR camera and is instrumented with thermocouples and calorimeters. The camera provides time histories of surface temperatures that are used to compute incident heat-flux profiles. The camera sensitivity is calibrated in situ using the embedded thermocouples, thus correcting for changes and nonuniformities in surface emissivity due to surface coatings. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478669] C1 [Terry, J. L.; LaBombard, B.; Brunner, D.; Payne, J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wurden, G. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terry, JL (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM terry@psfc.mit.edu RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E513 DI 10.1063/1.3478669 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000240 PM 21034041 ER PT J AU Thomas, CE Baylor, LR Combs, SK Meitner, SJ Rasmussen, DA Granstedt, EM Majeski, RP Kaita, R AF Thomas, C. E., Jr. Baylor, L. R. Combs, S. K. Meitner, S. J. Rasmussen, D. A. Granstedt, E. M. Majeski, R. P. Kaita, R. TI High speed digital holography for density and fluctuation measurements (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB The state of the art in electro-optics has advanced to the point where digital holographic acquisition of wavefronts is now possible. Holographic wavefront acquisition provides the phase of the wavefront at every measurement point. This can be done with accuracy on the order of a thousandth of a wavelength, given that there is sufficient care in the design of the system. At wave frequencies which are much greater than the plasma frequency, the plasma index of refraction is linearly proportional to the electron density and wavelength, and the measurement of the phase of a wavefront passing through the plasma gives the chord-integrated density directly for all points measured on the wavefront. High-speed infrared cameras (up to similar to 40 000 fps at similar to 64 x 4 pixels) with resolutions up to 640 x 512 pixels suitable for use with a CO(2) laser are readily available, if expensive. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3492423] C1 [Thomas, C. E., Jr.] Third Dimens Technol LLC, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. [Baylor, L. R.; Combs, S. K.; Meitner, S. J.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Granstedt, E. M.; Majeski, R. P.; Kaita, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Thomas, CE (reprint author), Third Dimens Technol LLC, 3601 Bluff Point Dr, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. EM thomasce2@att.net NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E527 DI 10.1063/1.3492423 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000254 PM 21034055 ER PT J AU Thorn, DB Geddes, CGR Matlis, NH Plateau, GR Esarey, EH Battaglia, M Schroeder, CB Shiraishi, S Stohlker, T Toth, C Leemans, WP AF Thorn, D. B. Geddes, C. G. R. Matlis, N. H. Plateau, G. R. Esarey, E. H. Battaglia, M. Schroeder, C. B. Shiraishi, S. Stoehlker, Th. Toth, C. Leemans, W. P. TI Spectroscopy of betatron radiation emitted from laser-produced wakefield accelerated electrons SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID BEAMS AB X-ray betatron radiation is produced by oscillations of electrons in the intense focusing field of a laser-plasma accelerator. These hard x-rays show promise for use in femtosecond-scale time-resolved radiography of ultrafast processes. However, the spectral characteristics of betatron radiation have only been inferred from filter pack measurements. In order to achieve higher resolution spectral information about the betatron emission, we used an x-ray charge-coupled device to record the spectrum of betatron radiation, with a full width at half maximum resolution of 225 eV. In addition, we have recorded simultaneous electron and x-ray spectra along with x-ray images that allow for a determination of the betatron emission source size, as well as differences in the x-ray spectra as a function of the energy spectrum of accelerated electrons. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3479118] C1 [Thorn, D. B.] ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Thorn, D. B.; Stoehlker, Th.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwereionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Geddes, C. G. R.; Matlis, N. H.; Plateau, G. R.; Esarey, E. H.; Battaglia, M.; Schroeder, C. B.; Shiraishi, S.; Toth, C.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plateau, G. R.] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Stoehlker, Th.] Helmholtz Inst Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Thorn, DB (reprint author), ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E325 DI 10.1063/1.3479118 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000222 PM 21034023 ER PT J AU Tobias, B Domier, CW Liang, T Kong, X Yu, L Yun, GS Park, HK Classen, IGJ Boom, JE Donne, AJH Munsat, T Nazikian, R Van Zeeland, M Boivin, RL Luhmann, NC AF Tobias, B. Domier, C. W. Liang, T. Kong, X. Yu, L. Yun, G. S. Park, H. K. Classen, I. G. J. Boom, J. E. Donne, A. J. H. Munsat, T. Nazikian, R. Van Zeeland, M. Boivin, R. L. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. TI Commissioning of electron cyclotron emission imaging instrument on the DIII-D tokamak and first data SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID TEXTOR; ECE AB A new electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic has been commissioned on the DIII-D tokamak. Dual detector arrays provide simultaneous two-dimensional images of T-e fluctuations over radially distinct and reconfigurable regions, each with both vertical and radial zoom capability. A total of 320 (20 vertical X 16 radial) channels are available. First data from this diagnostic demonstrate the acquisition of coherent electron temperature fluctuations as low as 0.1% with excellent clarity and spatial resolution. Details of the diagnostic features and capabilities are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3460456] C1 [Tobias, B.; Domier, C. W.; Liang, T.; Kong, X.; Yu, L.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yun, G. S.; Park, H. K.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Classen, I. G. J.; Boom, J. E.; Donne, A. J. H.] FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Donne, A. J. H.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Munsat, T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nazikian, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Van Zeeland, M.; Boivin, R. L.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Tobias, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bjtobias@ucdavis.edu NR 13 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D928 DI 10.1063/1.3460456 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000148 PM 21033956 ER PT J AU Tritz, K Stutman, D Delgado-Aparicio, L Finkenthal, M Kaita, R Roquemore, L AF Tritz, K. Stutman, D. Delgado-Aparicio, L. Finkenthal, M. Kaita, R. Roquemore, L. TI Prototype high resolution multienergy soft x-ray array for NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB A novel diagnostic design seeks to enhance the capability of multienergy soft x-ray (SXR) detection by using an image intensifier to amplify the signals from a larger set of filtered x-ray profiles. The increased number of profiles and simplified detection system provides a compact diagnostic device for measuring T(e) in addition to contributions from density and impurities. A single-energy prototype system has been implemented on NSTX, comprised of a filtered x-ray pinhole camera, which converts the x-rays to visible light using a CsI: Tl phosphor. SXR profiles have been measured in high performance plasmas at frame rates of up to 10 kHz, and comparisons to the toroidally displaced tangential multi-energy SXR have been made. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3460632] C1 [Tritz, K.; Stutman, D.; Finkenthal, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Kaita, R.; Roquemore, L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Tritz, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ktritz@pppl.gov RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E502 DI 10.1063/1.3460632 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000229 PM 21034030 ER PT J AU Tsai, WC Domier, CW Lee, KC Luhmann, NC Kaita, R Park, HK AF Tsai, W. C. Domier, C. W. Lee, K. C. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Kaita, R. Park, H. K. TI NSTX far infrared tangential interferometer/polarimeter electronics upgrade SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID LASER INTERFEROMETER; INTERFEROMETRY/POLARIMETRY AB New electronics for the multichannel far infrared tangential interferometer/polarimeter system employed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) have greatly extended its capability to monitor high frequency density fluctuations. Such measurements are essential in understanding transport physics issues in NSTX as well as for the coming ITER device. The electronics, which were previously limited to similar to 250 kHz, have been upgraded with a video bandwidth that extends to 4 MHz when operating as an interferometry-only configuration, and to similar to 500 kHz when operating as a simultaneous interferometer/polarimeter system. Experimental details and test results of the new electronics are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3485103] C1 [Tsai, W. C.; Domier, C. W.; Lee, K. C.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kaita, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Park, H. K.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, Kyungbuk, South Korea. RP Domier, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cwdomier@ucdavis.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D526 DI 10.1063/1.3485103 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000064 PM 21033881 ER PT J AU Wang, E Beiersdorfer, P Gu, M Bitter, M Delgado-Aparicio, L Hill, KW Reinke, M Rice, JE Podpaly, Y AF Wang, E. Beiersdorfer, P. Gu, M. Bitter, M. Delgado-Aparicio, L. Hill, K. W. Reinke, M. Rice, J. E. Podpaly, Y. TI Calculation of the Johann error for spherically bent x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ AB New x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers, currently operating on Alcator C-Mod, NSTX, EAST, and KSTAR, record spectral lines of highly charged ions, such as Ar(16+), from multiple sightlines to obtain profiles of ion temperature and of toroidal plasma rotation velocity from Doppler measurements. In the present work, we describe a new data analysis routine, which accounts for the specific geometry of the sightlines of a curved-crystal spectrometer and includes corrections for the Johann error to facilitate the tomographic inversion. Such corrections are important to distinguish velocity induced Doppler shifts from instrumental line shifts caused by the Johann error. The importance of this correction is demonstrated using data from Alcator C-Mod. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3491195] C1 [Wang, E.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Gu, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bitter, M.; Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Hill, K. W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Reinke, M.; Rice, J. E.; Podpaly, Y.] MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wang, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wang53@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E329 DI 10.1063/1.3491195 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000226 PM 21034027 ER PT J AU Wang, G Rhodes, TL Peebles, WA Harvey, RW Budny, RV AF Wang, G. Rhodes, T. L. Peebles, W. A. Harvey, R. W. Budny, R. V. TI Refractive and relativistic effects on ITER low field side reflectometer design SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID DENSITY PROFILE; WAVE REFLECTOMETRY; DIII-D AB The ITER low field side reflectometer faces some unique design challenges, among which are included the effect of relativistic electron temperatures and refraction of probing waves. This paper utilizes GENRAY, a 3D ray tracing code, to investigate these effects. Using a simulated ITER operating scenario, characteristics of the reflected millimeter waves after return to the launch plane are quantified as a function of a range of design parameters, including antenna height, antenna diameter, and antenna radial position. Results for edge/SOL measurement with both O- and X-mode polarizations using proposed antennas are reported. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3478632] C1 [Wang, G.; Rhodes, T. L.; Peebles, W. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Harvey, R. W.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. [Budny, R. V.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM wangg@fusion.gat.com NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D908 DI 10.1063/1.3478632 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000128 PM 21033940 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Grim, GP Tregillis, IL Wilke, MD Patel, MV Sepke, SM Morgan, GL Hatarik, R Loomis, EN Wilde, CH Oertel, JA Fatherley, VE Clark, DD Fittinghoff, DN Bower, DE Schmitt, MJ Marinak, MM Munro, DH Merrill, FE Moran, MJ Wang, TSF Danly, CR Hilko, RA Batha, SH Frank, M Buckles, R AF Wilson, D. C. Grim, G. P. Tregillis, I. L. Wilke, M. D. Patel, M. V. Sepke, S. M. Morgan, G. L. Hatarik, R. Loomis, E. N. Wilde, C. H. Oertel, J. A. Fatherley, V. E. Clark, D. D. Fittinghoff, D. N. Bower, D. E. Schmitt, M. J. Marinak, M. M. Munro, D. H. Merrill, F. E. Moran, M. J. Wang, T. -S. F. Danly, C. R. Hilko, R. A. Batha, S. H. Frank, M. Buckles, R. TI Modeling the National Ignition Facility neutron imaging system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID CAPSULES; TARGETS AB Numerical modeling of the neutron imaging system for the National Ignition Facility (NIF), forward from calculated target neutron emission to a camera image, will guide both the reduction of data and the future development of the system. Located 28 m from target chamber center, the system can produce two images at different neutron energies by gating on neutron arrival time. The brighter image, using neutrons near 14 MeV, reflects the size and symmetry of the implosion "hot spot." A second image in scattered neutrons, 10-12 MeV, reflects the size and symmetry of colder, denser fuel, but with only similar to 1%-7% of the neutrons. A misalignment of the pinhole assembly up to +/- 175 mu m is covered by a set of 37 subapertures with different pointings. The model includes the variability of the pinhole point spread function across the field of view. Omega experiments provided absolute calibration, scintillator spatial broadening, and the level of residual light in the down-scattered image from the primary neutrons. Application of the model to light decay measurements of EJ399, BC422, BCF99-55, Xylene, DPAC-30, and Liquid A suggests that DPAC-30 and Liquid A would be preferred over the BCF99-55 scintillator chosen for the first NIF system, if they could be fabricated into detectors with sufficient resolution. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3496993] C1 [Wilson, D. C.; Grim, G. P.; Tregillis, I. L.; Wilke, M. D.; Morgan, G. L.; Loomis, E. N.; Wilde, C. H.; Oertel, J. A.; Fatherley, V. E.; Clark, D. D.; Schmitt, M. J.; Merrill, F. E.; Wang, T. -S. F.; Danly, C. R.; Batha, S. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Patel, M. V.; Sepke, S. M.; Hatarik, R.; Fittinghoff, D. N.; Bower, D. E.; Marinak, M. M.; Munro, D. H.; Moran, M. J.; Frank, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hilko, R. A.] Natl Secur Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Buckles, R.] Natl Secur Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM dcw@lanl.gov RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014; OI Patel, Mehul/0000-0002-0486-010X; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Merrill, Frank/0000-0003-0603-735X NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D335 DI 10.1063/1.3496993 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000036 PM 21033855 ER PT J AU Workman, J Cobble, J Flippo, K Gautier, DC Montgomery, DS Offermann, DT AF Workman, J. Cobble, J. Flippo, K. Gautier, D. C. Montgomery, D. S. Offermann, D. T. TI Phase-contrast imaging using ultrafast x-rays in laser-shocked materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID FACILITY AB High-energy x-rays, > 10 keV, can be efficiently produced from ultrafast laser target interactions with many applications to dense target materials in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy density physics. These same x-rays can also be applied to measurements of low-density materials inside high-density Hohlraum environments. In the experiments presented, high-energy x-ray images of laser-shocked polystyrene are produced through phase contrast imaging. The plastic targets are nominally transparent to traditional x-ray absorption but show detailed features in regions of high density gradients due to refractive effects often called phase contrast imaging. The 200 TW Trident laser is used both to produce the x-ray source and to shock the polystyrene target. X-rays at 17 keV produced from 2 ps, 100 J laser interactions with a 12 mu m molybdenum wire are used to produce a small source size, required for optimizing refractive effects. Shocks are driven in the 1 mm thick polystyrene target using 2 ns, 250 J, 532 nm laser drive with phase plates. X-ray images of shocks compare well to one-dimensional hydro calculations. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3485109] C1 [Workman, J.; Cobble, J.; Flippo, K.; Gautier, D. C.; Montgomery, D. S.; Offermann, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Workman, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM workman@lanl.gov RI Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10E520 DI 10.1063/1.3485109 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000247 PM 21034048 ER PT J AU Xu, P Irby, JH Bergerson, WF Bosco, J Brower, DL Ding, WX Kanojia, A Leccacorvi, R Mansfield, DK Marmar, ES Michael, P Murray, R Rokhman, Y Vieira, R AF Xu, P. Irby, J. H. Bergerson, W. F. Bosco, J. Brower, D. L. Ding, W. X. Kanojia, A. Leccacorvi, R. Mansfield, D. K. Marmar, E. S. Michael, P. Murray, R. Rokhman, Y. Vieira, R. TI Preliminary results from the Alcator C-Mod polarimeter SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 16-20, 2010 CL Wildwood, NJ ID DENSITY MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; INTERFEROMETER; TOKAMAK AB A poloidally viewing far infrared polarimeter diagnostic is being developed for the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, and will be used to determine the q-profile and to study density and magnetic field fluctuations. A three-chord version of what will eventually be up to a ten-chord system has been designed and fabricated and will be installed on C-Mod before the end of the current run period. Bench tests of a single chord mock-up of this system show acceptable noise levels for the planned measurements. We will discuss the analysis and experimental techniques used to diagnose and reduce noise sources. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3466803] C1 [Xu, P.; Irby, J. H.; Bosco, J.; Kanojia, A.; Leccacorvi, R.; Marmar, E. S.; Michael, P.; Murray, R.; Rokhman, Y.; Vieira, R.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bergerson, W. F.; Brower, D. L.; Ding, W. X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mansfield, D. K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Xu, P (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM pxu@mit.edu OI Michael, Philip/0000-0003-4906-6169 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 AR 10D507 DI 10.1063/1.3466803 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 674NQ UT WOS:000283754000045 PM 21033862 ER PT J AU de Lange, G Wang, ZH Riste, D Dobrovitski, VV Hanson, R AF de Lange, G. Wang, Z. H. Riste, D. Dobrovitski, V. V. Hanson, R. TI Universal Dynamical Decoupling of a Single Solid-State Spin from a Spin Bath SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN; COHERENT DYNAMICS; COUPLED ELECTRON; QUANTUM MEMORY; DIAMOND; DOTS AB Controlling the interaction of a single quantum system with its environment is a fundamental challenge in quantum science and technology. We strongly suppressed the coupling of a single spin in diamond with the surrounding spin bath by using double-axis dynamical decoupling. The coherence was preserved for arbitrary quantum states, as verified by quantum process tomography. The resulting coherence time enhancement followed a general scaling with the number of decoupling pulses. No limit was observed for the decoupling action up to 136 pulses, for which the coherence time was enhanced more than 25 times compared to that obtained with spin echo. These results uncover a new regime for experimental quantum science and allow us to overcome a major hurdle for implementing quantum information protocols. C1 [de Lange, G.; Riste, D.; Hanson, R.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci Delft, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Wang, Z. H.; Dobrovitski, V. V.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Z. H.; Dobrovitski, V. V.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hanson, R (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci Delft, POB 5046, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. EM r.hanson@tudelft.nl RI Hanson, Ronald/B-9555-2008; de Lange, Gijs/D-6868-2012; Riste, Diego/G-9215-2012 OI de Lange, Gijs/0000-0002-9437-0816; FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We acknowledge support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 27 TC 282 Z9 284 U1 7 U2 70 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6000 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1126/science.1192739 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 656KW UT WOS:000282334500032 PM 20829452 ER PT J AU Galazka, JM Tian, CG Beeson, WT Martinez, B Glass, NL Cate, JHD AF Galazka, Jonathan M. Tian, Chaoguang Beeson, William T. Martinez, Bruno Glass, N. Louise Cate, Jamie H. D. TI Cellodextrin Transport in Yeast for Improved Biofuel Production SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION; DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISMS; BIOMASS AB Fungal degradation of plant biomass may provide insights for improving cellulosic biofuel production. We show that the model cellulolytic fungus Neurospora crassa relies on a high-affinity cellodextrin transport system for rapid growth on cellulose. Reconstitution of the N. crassa cellodextrin transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes efficient growth of this yeast on cellodextrins. In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation experiments, the engineered yeast strains more rapidly convert cellulose to ethanol when compared with yeast lacking this system. C1 [Galazka, Jonathan M.; Cate, Jamie H. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tian, Chaoguang; Glass, N. Louise] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tian, Chaoguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Tianjin Inst Ind Biotechnol, Tianjin Airport Econ Area, Tianjin 300308, Peoples R China. [Beeson, William T.; Cate, Jamie H. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martinez, Bruno; Cate, Jamie H. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cate, JHD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcate@lbl.gov RI Galazka, Jonathan Galazka/K-4847-2012 OI Galazka, Jonathan Galazka/0000-0002-4153-0249 FU Energy Biosciences Institute FX We thank J. Doudna, M. Marletta, J. Taylor, T. Bruns, and C. Phillips for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript; M. Toews for help with growth assays; S. Bauer and A. Ibanez for help with analytical methods; and C. Anderson for help with confocal microscopy. This work was supported by funding from the Energy Biosciences Institute to J. H. D. C. and N.L.G. The Regents of the University of California, the authors, and British Petroleum Technology Ventures (through the Energy Biosciences Institute) have submitted a patent for the use of cellodextrin transporters in fermenting organisms for the use of plant biomass. NR 21 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 10 U2 82 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6000 BP 84 EP 86 DI 10.1126/science.1192838 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 656KW UT WOS:000282334500039 PM 20829451 ER PT J AU Wiley, HS AF Wiley, H. Steven TI One of the Good Guys SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wiley, HS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET ST, STE 1250, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 10 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 654DO UT WOS:000282148900019 ER PT J AU Wang, J Beyerlein, IJ Tome, CN AF Wang, J. Beyerlein, I. J. Tome, C. N. TI An atomic and probabilistic perspective on twin nucleation in Mg SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Twinning; Magnesium; Atomistic simulations; EBSD ID CLOSE-PACKED METALS; MAGNESIUM ALLOY; HCP METALS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DEFORMATION; INTERFACES; GROWTH; SLIP; DISLOCATIONS; MECHANISMS AB We discuss the nucleation of deformation twins in Mg from a fundamental perspective. Atomistic simulations reveal twinning mechanisms and suggest that twin nucleation most likely occurs at grain boundaries (GBs). We observe twin nucleation from symmetrical tilt grain boundaries using molecular dynamics and reveal that the nucleation pathway depends on the tilt angle and the GB defect state. In particular, twin nucleation is preferred at GBs with low misorientation angles, in agreement with electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) analyses. A probabilistic description of twin nucleation is then proposed with the aim of linking atomic-scale information with meso-scale EBSD statistical analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Wang, J.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beyerlein, I. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wangj6@lanl.gov RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Wang, Jian/F-2669-2012 OI Wang, Jian/0000-0001-5130-300X FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under U.S. DOE [FWP 06SCPE401, W-7405-ENG-36] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Project FWP 06SCPE401, under U.S. DOE Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. NR 26 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 9 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 63 IS 7 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.01.047 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 639CZ UT WOS:000280949700014 ER PT J AU Qiao, JW Jia, HL Chuang, CP Huang, EW Wang, GY Liaw, PK Ren, Y Zhang, Y AF Qiao, J. W. Jia, H. L. Chuang, C. P. Huang, E. W. Wang, G. Y. Liaw, P. K. Ren, Y. Zhang, Y. TI Low-temperature shear banding for a Cu-based bulk-metallic glass SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Metallic glasses; Shear bands; Plastic deformation; Fracture ID DEFORMATION; FRACTURE AB Compared to its mechanical behavior at 298 K, the fracture strain of a Cu(46)Zr(46)Al(8) bulk-metallic glass is slightly increased, but the maximum strength is distinctly increased by 13.3% at 77 K. At 77 K, the serrations in the stress strain curve disappear. Based on the calculation of the temperature rise within the shear bands and the heat conduction in the heat-affected zones, the large and instantaneous temperature rise and the rapid heat conduction are responsible for the disappearance of serrations upon shear banding. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiao, J. W.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Qiao, J. W.; Jia, H. L.; Chuang, C. P.; Wang, G. Y.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Huang, E. W.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Qiao, JW (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM jqiao1@utk.edu; drzhangy@skl.ustb.edu.cn RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011; ZHANG, Yong/B-7928-2009; Jia, Haoling/P-4853-2014; Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015 OI ZHANG, Yong/0000-0002-6355-9923; Jia, Haoling/0000-0002-4287-2929; Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661 FU National Basic Research Program of China (the 973 Program) [2007CB613903]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0231320, DMR-0421219, DMR-0909037, CMMI-0900271] FX Z.Y. would like to acknowledge support by the National Basic Research Program of China (the 973 Program) under Contract No. 2007CB613903. P.K.L. is very grateful for support by National Science Foundation Programs DMR-0231320, DMR-0421219, DMR-0909037 and CMMI-0900271 with Drs. C.V. Cooper, A. Ardell, D. Finotello, C. Huber and C. Bouldin as program directors. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 63 IS 8 BP 871 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.06.039 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 642DR UT WOS:000281184500020 ER PT J AU Patton, JF Hunter, SR Sepaniak, MJ Daskos, PG Smith, DB AF Patton, James F. Hunter, Scott R. Sepaniak, Michael J. Daskos, Panos G. Smith, D. Barton TI Rapid response microsensor for hydrogen detection using nanostructured palladium films SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Microsensor; Microcantilever; Nanostructured; Palladium; Metal films; Galvanic displacement ID FUNCTIONALIZED MICROCANTILEVER ARRAYS; MICROMECHANICAL SENSORS; GALVANIC DISPLACEMENT; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; THIN-FILM; FIBER; CANTILEVER; OXYGEN; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE AB Most palladium thin film based hydrogen gas sensors have response and recovery times that are too long to make them useful in vehicular and stationary gas leak detection applications In contrast a nanostructured palladium thin film based microcantilever (MC) hydrogen gas microsensor is reported herein with near ideal response characteristics for use in these hydrogen economy related applications Specifically a 3s response time and a 10 s recovery time have been measured for these sensors in contrast to previous sensor response measurements of several to tens of minutes using Pd thin film and MC based sensing techniques The much reduced response time observed in the present study are attributed to a galvanic displacement technique and a gas conditioning protocol that produces a nanostructured porous film that rapidly adsorbs and desorbs H-2 allowing rapid equilibration with the H-2 concentration in the surrounding air The galvanic displacement process and gas phase conditioning offer a novel approach at creating structured surfaces that have not been reported for MC devices Additionally these sensors have very low H-2 detection thresholds wide dynamic range and very good selectivity relative to common interferents (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Hunter, Scott R.; Daskos, Panos G.; Smith, D. Barton] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Patton, James F.; Sepaniak, Michael J.; Daskos, Panos G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hunter, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU The United States Government United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05 000R22725] FX This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the United States Government under contract DE-AC05 000R22725 with the United States Department of Energy The United States Government retains and the publisher by accepting this submission for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive paid up irrevocable worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this submission or allow others to do so for United States Government purposes NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 163 IS 2 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.08.025 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 684QM UT WOS:000284564400004 ER PT J AU Kilchyk, V Nalim, R Merkle, C AF Kilchyk, V. Nalim, R. Merkle, C. TI Baroclinic vortex sheet production by shocks and expansion waves SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE Shocks; Expansion waves; Shock refractions; Baroclinic vorticity production; Vortex sheet; Supersonic ramp flow ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; INTERFACES AB Vortex sheet production by shocks and expansion waves refracting at a density discontinuity was examined and compared using an analytical solution and numerical simulations. The analytical solution showed that with a small exception, vortex sheet strength is generally stronger in fast/slow shock refractions. In contrast, expansion waves generated a stronger vortex sheet in slow/fast refractions. This difference results in larger vorticity deposited by shocks in fast/slow refractions and by expansion waves in slow/fast refractions. Shock refractions become irregular and the analytical solution fails when either incident, transmitted or reflected shock, exceeded the angle limit for an attached shock. To investigate vortex sheet production outside the range of analytical solutions and to verify the applicability of the planar-interface analytical solution to a curved interface, shock refraction through a sinusoidal interface was numerically simulated in the shock frame of reference. It is found that variation in the local incidence angle along the curved interface creates pressure waves that affect the level of deposited vorticity. This contributes to the difference between predictions from local analysis and numerical computation. Furthermore, an interesting behavior of the shock and expansion wave-deposited vorticity in supersonic ramp flow was discovered. When the high- and low-density streams were swapped, while keeping the incident flow Mach numbers constant, a vortex sheet of equal magnitude but of opposite sign was generated. C1 [Kilchyk, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Nalim, R.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Merkle, C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kilchyk, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 0463B, Upton, NY USA. EM vkilchyk@purdue.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 367 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s00193-010-0277-8 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 659SK UT WOS:000282587000002 ER PT J AU Rossi, NAA Wang, QZ Amine, K West, R AF Rossi, Nicholas A. A. Wang, Qingzheng Amine, Khalil West, Robert TI Silicon-Containing Carbonates-Synthesis, Characterization, and Additive Effects for Silicon-Based Polymer Electrolytes SO SILICON LA English DT Article DE Siloxane; Silane; Hydrosilation; Alcoholysis; Lithium battery; Ionic conductivity; Electrolyte; Poly (ethylene oxide); Cyclic carbonate AB New silane and siloxane compounds containing cyclic carbonate functional groups were synthesized and characterized. The compounds were prepared via two routes: hydrosilation of SiH containing siloxanes and alcoholysis of chlorosilanes with hydroxy-terminated oligoethers. The products were purified by distillation and solvent extraction and characterized using H-1, C-13, and Si-29 NMR. Upon doping with lithium bis(oxolato)borate (LiBOB), the conductivities of the compounds were determined. These carbonate compounds themselves did not show promising conductivities. However, when used as additives to silicone-containing oligoether electrolytes, the conductivities of the resulting mixtures were increased by up to 35%. C1 [Rossi, Nicholas A. A.; West, Robert] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Organosilicon Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wang, Qingzheng; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP West, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Organosilicon Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rwest@wiscmail.wisc.edu RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 FU Department of Commerce (National Institute of Standards and Technology); Argonne National Laboratory (Advanced Technology Program); WCU program through the National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R33-10082] FX We acknowledge The Department of Commerce (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and Argonne National Laboratory (Advanced Technology Program) for funding and support. R. West also thanks the WCU program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R33-10082) for support. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-990X J9 SILICON-NETH JI Silicon PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s12633-010-9056-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA V25PU UT WOS:000208490700004 ER PT J AU Bailey, VL Fansler, SJ Bandyopadhyay, S Smith, JL Waters, KM Bolton, H AF Bailey, Vanessa L. Fansler, Sarah J. Bandyopadhyay, Somnath Smith, Jeffrey L. Waters, Katrina M. Bolton, Harvey TI Direct detection of soil mRNAs using targeted microarrays for genes associated with lignin degradation SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mRNA; Gene expression; Lignin degradation; Microarray ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EXTRACTS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION AB Microarrays have become established tools for describing microbial systems, however the direct assessment of expression profiles for uncharacterized environmental microbial communities still presents unique challenges. Notably, the concentration of particular transcripts are likely very dilute relative to the pool of total RNA, and PCR-based amplification strategies are vulnerable to amplification biases and the appropriate primer selection. Thus we applied a target labeling and amplification approach based on the Klenow fragment and signal amplification approach to detect expression of fungally-derived lignin-degrading enzymes in soil. Known amplicons and cDNA from Phanerochaete chrysosporium were mixed with the soil cDNA both before and after the signal amplification in order to assess the dynamic range of the microarray. The addition of control cDNA with soil cDNA interfered with detection of the low-abundance transcripts. Nevertheless this microarray approach consistently reported the higher-abundance transcripts which presented more robust signals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bailey, Vanessa L.; Fansler, Sarah J.; Bandyopadhyay, Somnath; Waters, Katrina M.; Bolton, Harvey] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bailey, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the scientific insights provided by D.P. Chandler, and the technical assistance of C.A. McKinstry and A.M. White. This manuscript was prepared as part of the Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems research program, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1793 EP 1799 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.017 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663XL UT WOS:000282923400016 ER PT J AU Hollister, EB Schadt, CW Palumbo, AV Ansley, RJ Boutton, TW AF Hollister, Emily B. Schadt, Christopher W. Palumbo, Anthony V. Ansley, R. James Boutton, Thomas W. TI Structural and functional diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities following woody plant encroachment in the southern Great Plains SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Woody plant encroachment; Soil microbial diversity; Functional diversity; Mesquite; GeoChip ID HONEY MESQUITE; NITROGEN; CARBON; MICROARRAY; GRASSLANDS; INVASION; GENES; ENVIRONMENT; SEQUENCES; SAVANNA AB In the southern Great Plains (USA), encroachment of grassland ecosystems by Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) is widespread. Mesquite encroachment alters net primary productivity, enhances stores of C and N in plants and soil, and leads to increased levels of soil microbial biomass and activity. While mesquite's impact on the biogeochemistry of the region is well established, it effects on soil microbial diversity and function are unknown. In this study, soils associated with four plant types (C-3 perennial grasses, C-4 midgrasses, C-4 shortgrasses, and mesquite) from a mesquite-encroached mixed grass prairie were surveyed to in an attempt to characterize the structure, diversity, and functional capacity of their soil microbial communities. rRNA gene cloning and sequencing were used in conjunction with the GeoChip functional gene array to evaluate these potential differences. Mesquite soil supported increased bacterial and fungal diversity and harbored a distinct fungal community relative to other plant types. Despite differences in composition and diversity, few significant differences were detected with respect to the potential functional capacity of the soil microbial communities. These results may suggest that a high level of functional redundancy exists within the bacterial portion of the soil communities; however, given the bias of the GeoChip toward bacterial functional genes, potential functional differences among soil fungi could not be addressed. The results of this study illustrate the linkages shared between above- and belowground communities and demonstrate that soil microbial communities, and in particular soil fungi, may be altered by the process of woody plant encroachment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hollister, Emily B.; Boutton, Thomas W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schadt, Christopher W.; Palumbo, Anthony V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ansley, R. James] Texas AgriLife Res, Vernon, TX 76384 USA. RP Hollister, EB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ehollister@tamu.edu; schadtcw@ornl.gov; palumboav@ornl.gov; r-ansley@tamu.edu; boutton@tamu.edu RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 FU USDA/CASMGS; U.S. Department of Energy; NASA; NSF FX This research was supported by the USDA/CASMGS Program, and E.B. Hollister was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Global Change Education Program's Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship, by NASA Headquarters under an Earth Systems Science Fellowship Grant, and by an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant. The authors would like to thank Gene Wickham, Sanghoon Kang, Dawn Klingeman, Lee Gunter, Jennifer Reeve, Emily Martin, Heidi Mjelde, Betty Kramp, Mike Castellano, Darrin Moore, Lisa Alexander, and Kirk Jessup for their assistance with this study. Additional thanks are extended to Terry Gentry for the use of his laboratory space and equipment; Michael Thon for the use of his lab's computing resources; and to two anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions helped to improve this manuscript. NR 65 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1816 EP 1824 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.022 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 663XL UT WOS:000282923400019 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AM AF Tartakovsky, A. M. TI Lagrangian simulations of unstable gravity-driven flow of fluids with variable density in randomly heterogeneous porous media SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Rayleigh-Taylor instability; Uncertainty quantification ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENTS; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED FLOW; SCALE; AQUIFERS AB A new Lagrangian particle model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed and used to simulate Darcy scale flow and transport in porous media. The method has excellent conservation properties and treats advection exactly. The Lagrangian method is used in stochastic analysis of miscible density-driven fluid flows. Results show that heterogeneity significantly increases dispersion and slows development of Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The presented numerical examples illustrate the advantages of Lagrangian methods for stochastic transport simulations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 993 EP 1002 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0402-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 678JP UT WOS:000284070200005 ER PT J AU Harp, DR Vesselinov, VV AF Harp, Dylan R. Vesselinov, Velimir V. TI Stochastic inverse method for estimation of geostatistical representation of hydrogeologic stratigraphy using borehole logs and pressure observations SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Markov-chain geostatistics; Stratigraphy; Model inversion ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AQUIFER; HETEROGENEITY; PREDICTION; TRANSPORT; MODELS AB An approach is presented for identifying statistical characteristics of stratigraphies from borehole and hydraulic data. The approach employs a Markov-chain based geostatistical framework in a stochastic inversion. Borehole data provide information on the stratigraphy while pressure and flux data provide information on the hydraulic performance of the medium. The use of Markov-chain geostatistics as opposed to covariance-based geostatistics can provide a more easily interpreted model geologically and geometrically. The approach hinges on the use of mean facies lengths (negative inverse auto-transition rates) and mean transition lengths (inverse cross-transition rates) as adjustable parameters in the stochastic inversion. Along with an unconstrained Markov-chain model, simplifying constraints to the Markov-chain model, including (1) proportionally-random and (2) symmetric spatial correlations, are evaluated in the stochastic inversion. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the simplifying constraints can facilitate the inversion at the cost of spatial correlation model generality. Inverse analyses demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, indicating that despite some low parameter sensitivities, all adjustable parameters do converge for a sufficient number of ensemble realizations towards their "true" values. This paper extends the approach presented in Harp et al. (doi:10.1029/2008GL033585, 2008) to (1) statistically characterize the hydraulic response of a geostatistical model, thereby incorporating an uncertainty analysis directly in the inverse method, (2) demonstrate that a gradient-based optimization strategy is sufficient, thereby providing relative computational efficiency compared to global optimization strategies, (3) demonstrate that the approach can be extended to a 3-D analysis, and (4) introduce the use of mean facies lengths and mean transition lengths as adjustable parameters in a geostatistical inversion, thereby allowing the approach to be extended to greater than two category Markov-chain models. C1 [Harp, Dylan R.; Vesselinov, Velimir V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Harp, Dylan R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Harp, DR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM dharp@lanl.gov; dharp@unm.edu RI Vesselinov, Velimir/P-4724-2016; OI Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530; Harp, Dylan/0000-0001-9777-8000 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1023 EP 1042 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0403-2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 678JP UT WOS:000284070200007 ER PT J AU Blasch, KW Ferre, TPA Vrugt, JA AF Blasch, Kyle W. Ferre, Ty P. A. Vrugt, Jasper A. TI Environmental controls on drainage behavior of an ephemeral stream SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Ephemeral stream; Redistribution; Drainage; Rhizosphere; Restoration AB Streambed drainage was measured at the cessation of 26 ephemeral streamflow events in Rillito Creek, Tucson, Arizona from August 2000 to June 2002 using buried time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. An unusual drainage response was identified, which was characterized by sharp drainage from saturation to near field capacity at each depth with an increased delay between depths. We simulated the drainage response using a variably saturated numerical flow model representing a two-layer system with a high permeability layer overlying a lower permeability layer. Both the observed data and the numerical simulation show a strong correlation between the drainage velocity and the temperature of the stream water. A linear combination of temperature and the no-flow period preceding flow explained about 90% of the measured variations in drainage velocity. Evaluation of this correlative relationship with the one-dimensional numerical flow model showed that the observed temperature fluctuations could not reproduce the magnitude of variation in the observed drainage velocity. Instead, the model results indicated that flow duration exerts the most control on drainage velocity, with the drainage velocity decreasing nonlinearly with increasing flow duration. These findings suggest flow duration is a primary control of water availability for plant uptake in near surface sediments of an ephemeral stream, an important finding for estimating the ecological risk of natural or engineered changes to streamflow patterns. Correlative analyses of soil moisture data, although easy and widely used, can result in erroneous conclusions of hydrologic cause-effect relationships, and demonstrating the need for joint physically-based numerical modeling and data synthesis for hypothesis testing to support quantitative risk analysis. C1 [Blasch, Kyle W.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Blasch, Kyle W.; Ferre, Ty P. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div EES 16, Theoret Div T5, Ctr Nonlinear Studies CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blasch, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM kblasch@usgs.gov RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 FU USGS Arizona Water Science Center; LANL FX We would like to thank Shlomo Neuman for discussions that established the need for numerical modeling beyond simple correlative data analysis and the USGS Arizona Water Science Center for its financial support. The 3rd author was supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship from the LANL postdoctoral program. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1087 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0398-8 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 678JP UT WOS:000284070200011 ER PT J AU Chambers, SA Engelhard, MH Shutthanandan, V Zhu, Z Droubay, TC Qiao, L Sushko, PV Feng, T Lee, HD Gustafsson, T Garfunkel, E Shah, AB Zuo, JM Ramasse, QM AF Chambers, S. A. Engelhard, M. H. Shutthanandan, V. Zhu, Z. Droubay, T. C. Qiao, L. Sushko, P. V. Feng, T. Lee, H. D. Gustafsson, T. Garfunkel, E. Shah, A. B. Zuo, J-M Ramasse, Q. M. TI Instability, intermixing and electronic structure at the epitaxial LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001) heterojunction SO SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ATOMIC-SCALE; BAND OFFSETS; PRECISE DETERMINATION; GAAS(001) SURFACES; CORE-LEVEL; INTERFACE; DIFFRACTION; ENERGY AB The question of stability against diffusional mixing at the prototypical LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001) Interface is explored using a multi-faceted experimental and theoretical approach We combine analytical methods with a range of sensitivities to elemental concentrations and spatial separations to investigate interfaces grown using on-axis pulsed laser deposition We also employ computational modeling based on the density function theory as well as classical force fields to explore the energetic stability of a wide variety of intermixed atomic configurations relative to the idealized atomically abrupt model Statistical analysis of the calculated energies for the various configurations is used to elucidate the relative thermodynamic stability of intermixed and abrupt configurations We find that on both experimental and theoretical fronts the tendency toward intermixing is very strong We have also measured and calculated key electronic properties such as potential energy gradients and valence band discontinuity at the Interface We find no measurable electric field in either the LaAlO3 or SrTiO3 and that the valence band offset is near zero partitioning the band discontinuity almost entirely to the conduction band edge Significantly we find it is not possible to account for these electronic properties theoretically without including extensive intermixing in our physical model of the Interface The atomic configurations which give the greatest electrostatic stability are those that eliminate the interface dipole by intermixing calling Into question the conventional explanation for conductivity at this interface-electronic reconstruction Rather evidence is presented for La indiffusion and doping of the SrTiO3 below the interface as being the cause of the observed conductivity (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Chambers, S. A.; Engelhard, M. H.; Shutthanandan, V.; Zhu, Z.; Droubay, T. C.; Qiao, L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sushko, P. V.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Feng, T.; Lee, H. D.; Gustafsson, T.; Garfunkel, E.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Shah, A. B.; Zuo, J-M] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL USA. [Ramasse, Q. M.] SuperSTEM Lab STEC Daresbury, Daresbury, England. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Qiao, Liang/A-8165-2012; Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Zhu, Zihua/K-7652-2012; Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013; Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016; OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146; Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU Argonne National laboratory under the Office of Basic Energy Sciences US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Digital Synthesis FWP; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471]; Royal Society FX The authors are indebted to the groups of Jochen Mannhart and Harold Hwang for providing the samples used in this study and to Chris Palmstrom for helpful discussions The PNNL and UCL work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL The electron microscopy work is supported by Argonne National laboratory under the Office of Basic Energy Sciences US Department of Energy grants No DE-AC02-06CH11357 Digital Synthesis FWP (AS and JMZ) and No DE-AC02-05CH11231 (QR) Electron microscopy was carried out at the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities University of Illinois which are partially supported by the US Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471 and the National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley Lab which is supported by the US Department of Energy under grant DE-AC02-05CH11231 P V S acknowledges the additional financial support from Royal Society and thanks Alex Demkov Ricardo Grau-Crespo Michael Finnis M Lippmaa and M Kawasaki for useful discussions NR 108 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 9 U2 165 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5729 J9 SURF SCI REP JI Surf. Sci. Rep. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 65 IS 10-12 BP 317 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.09.001 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 692OT UT WOS:000285162800001 ER PT J AU LePoire, DJ AF LePoire, David J. TI Long-term population, productivity, and energy use trends in the sequence of leading capitalist nations SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Scaling; Population; Productivity; Energy; Leadership transition AB There are many theories on why sustainable science, technology, and commerce emerged first in Western Europe rather than elsewhere. A general theory is that the geography of Europe facilitated the development of diverse and independent states and resultant competition among them. Over the past 500 years, the sequence of leading states began with Portugal and the Netherlands on the edge of continental Western Europe, then moved to the British Isles, and finally moved across the Atlantic Ocean to the United States. The transitions of leadership from one state to another occurred about every 100 years. This sequence suggests that leadership moves from smaller states to larger states (although not to the largest existing state at the time), perhaps because larger states have the flexibility to develop more complex organizational processes and adapt new technology. To explore this theory further, this paper analyzes state population data at the beginning and end of each leadership period. The data reveal an accelerating initial population sequence. Further understanding is gained from comparing the populations of the preceding and succeeding states at the time of each transition: the succeeding state's population is usually about two times larger than that of the preceding state. It is also seen that over time, the new organizational processes and technologies developed by the leading state are diffused and adapted by other states. Evidence of the effects of this diffusion should be seen in the dynamics of relative productivity and energy use (since the relative advantage of new ideas and technology can be maintained for a short period of about 100 years). This paper investigates these trends in population, trade, and resources to provide insight on possible future transitions. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP LePoire, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dlepoire@anl.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1303 EP 1310 DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2010.05.003 PG 8 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 672FF UT WOS:000283567700011 ER PT J AU Parish, CM Miller, MK AF Parish, Chad M. Miller, Michael K. TI Multivariate statistical analysis of atom probe tomography data SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Atom probe; Multivariate statistical analysis; Principal component analysis; Steel ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SIMS SPECTRAL IMAGES; TOF-SIMS; CURVE RESOLUTION; HYPHENATED CHROMATOGRAPHY; VARIMAX CRITERION; LOCAL RANK; MICROANALYSIS; RECONSTRUCTION; CHEMOMETRICS AB The application of spectrum imaging multivariate statistical analysis methods, specifically principal component analysis (PCA), to atom probe tomography (APT) data has been investigated. The mathematical method of analysis is described and the results for two example datasets are analyzed and presented. The first dataset is from the analysis of a PM 2000 Fe-Cr-Al-Ti steel containing two different ultrafine precipitate populations. PCA properly describes the matrix and precipitate phases in a simple and intuitive manner. A second APT example is from the analysis of an irradiated reactor pressure vessel steel. Fine, nm-scale Cu-enriched precipitates having a core-shell structure were identified and qualitatively described by PCA. Advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects for implementing these data analysis methodologies for APT datasets, particularly with regard to quantitative analysis, are also discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parish, Chad M.; Miller, Michael K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parish, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM parishcm@ornl.gov RI Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy; Laboratory Directed Research and Development FX This research was conducted as part of the Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) User Program, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. CMP sponsored by Laboratory Directed Research and Development Weinberg Fellows Program at ORNL, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. Thank to Dr. C. Capdevila, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas, Spain, for the PM2000 (TM) material. PM 2000 is a trademark of Plansee. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1362 EP 1373 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.07.006 PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 659JF UT WOS:000282562100003 PM 20650566 ER PT J AU Witte, C Zaluzec, NJ Allen, LJ AF Witte, C. Zaluzec, N. J. Allen, L. J. TI Extracting physically interpretable data from electron energy-loss spectra SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); Principal component analysis; Theory of inelastic electron scattering ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-STRUCTURE; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS; MAGIC-ANGLE; CORE EDGES; ELNES; EELS; MICROSCOPY AB Principal component analysis is routinely applied to analyze data sets in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). We show how physically meaningful spectra can be obtained from the principal components using a knowledge of the scattering of the probe electron and the geometry of the experiment. This approach is illustrated by application to EELS data for the carbon K edge in graphite obtained using a conventional transmission electron microscope. The effect of scattering of the probe electron is accounted for, yielding spectra which are equivalent to experiments using linearly polarized X-rays. The approach is general and can also be applied to EELS in the context of scanning transmission electron microscopy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Witte, C.; Allen, L. J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Zaluzec, N. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allen, LJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM lja@unimelb.edu.au NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1390 EP 1396 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.07.003 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 659JF UT WOS:000282562100006 PM 20650565 ER PT J AU Shikanov, S Wille, M Large, M Razmaria, A Lifshitz, DA Chang, A Wu, Y Kasza, K Shalhav, AL AF Shikanov, Sergey Wille, Mark Large, Michael Razmaria, Aria Lifshitz, David A. Chang, Anthony Wu, Yue Kasza, Kenneth Shalhav, Arieh L. TI Microparticulate ICE Slurry for Renal Hypothermia: Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy in a Porcine Model SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIA; COAGULOPATHY; PERFUSION; ACIDOSIS; KIDNEY; DEVICE AB OBJECTIVES Previously, we described the feasibility of renal hypothermia using microparticulate ice slurry during laparoscopy. In the present study, we compared surface cooling with the ice slurry versus near-frozen saline or warm ischemia (WI) during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in a porcine model. METHODS We used a single-kidney porcine model. Animals in 5 equal groups (n = 6 each) underwent right laparoscopic complete nephrectomy. In Phase I, left LPN was performed under 90 minutes of ischemia and 90-minute renal cooling with either slurry (Slurry group 1) or saline (Saline group 1). No cooling was applied in the WI group. In Phase II, to simulate more extreme condition, ischemia time was extended to 120 minutes and cooling shortened to 10 minutes (Slurry group 2 and Saline group 2). The study endpoints were renal and core temperature during the surgery and serum creatinine at baseline and days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after the procedure. RESULTS The ice slurry was easily produced and delivered. Nadir renal temperature (mean +/- SD) was 8 +/- 4 degrees C in Slurry group 1 vs. 22.5 +/- 3 degrees C in Saline group 1 (P < .0001). Renal rewarming to 30 degrees C occurred after 61 +/- 7 minutes in Slurry group 2 vs. 24 +/- 6 minutes in Saline group 2 (P < .0001). Core temperature decreased on average to 35 degrees C in the Saline groups compared with 37 degrees C in the Slurry groups (P < .0001). Serum creatinine did not differ between the Saline and Slurry groups in Phases I and II at any time point. CONCLUSIONS Ice slurry provides superior renal cooling compared with near-frozen saline during LPN without associated core hypothermia. UROLOGY 76: 1012-1016, 2010. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Shikanov, S (reprint author), 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 6038, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM sergeyshikanov@gmail.com OI Chang, Anthony/0000-0002-6877-5510 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1016 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2009.12.066 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 665KW UT WOS:000283035000067 PM 20356619 ER PT J AU Brister, JR Bao, YM Kuiken, C Lefkowitz, EJ Le Mercier, P Leplae, R Madupu, R Scheuermann, RH Schobel, S Seto, D Shrivastava, S Sterk, P Zeng, QD Klimke, W Tatusova, T AF Brister, James Rodney Bao, Yiming Kuiken, Carla Lefkowitz, Elliot J. Le Mercier, Philippe Leplae, Raphael Madupu, Ramana Scheuermann, Richard H. Schobel, Seth Seto, Donald Shrivastava, Susmita Sterk, Peter Zeng, Qiandong Klimke, William Tatusova, Tatiana TI Towards Viral Genome Annotation Standards, Report from the 2010 NCBI Annotation Workshop SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Editorial Material DE virus; genome; annotation ID PROTEIN-CODING GENES; BACTERIAL; SYSTEM; DATABASE; ZCURVE AB Improvements in DNA sequencing technologies portend a new era in virology and could possibly lead to a giant leap in our understanding of viral evolution and ecology. Yet, as viral genome sequences begin to fill the world's biological databases, it is critically important to recognize that the scientific promise of this era is dependent on consistent and comprehensive genome annotation. With this in mind, the NCBI Genome Annotation Workshop recently hosted a study group tasked with developing sequence, function, and metadata annotation standards for viral genomes. This report describes the issues involved in viral genome annotation and reviews policy recommendations presented at the NCBI Annotation Workshop. C1 [Brister, James Rodney; Bao, Yiming; Klimke, William; Tatusova, Tatiana] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kuiken, Carla] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lefkowitz, Elliot J.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35222 USA. [Le Mercier, Philippe] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Leplae, Raphael] Univ Libre Brussels, Lab Bioinformat Genomes & Reseaux, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Madupu, Ramana; Schobel, Seth; Shrivastava, Susmita] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Scheuermann, Richard H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Scheuermann, Richard H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Div Biomed Informat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Seto, Donald] George Mason Univ, Dept Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Sterk, Peter] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Zeng, Qiandong] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. RP Brister, JR (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jamesbr@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; bao@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; kuiken@lanl.gov; elliotl@uab.edu; philippe.lemercier@isb-sib.ch; raphael@bigre.ulb.ac.be; rmadupu@jcvi.org; richard.scheuermann@utsouthwestern.edu; sschobel@jcvi.org; dseto@gmu.edu; sshrivastava@jcvi.org; ps8@sanger.ac.uk; qzeng@broadinstitute.org; klimke@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; tatiana@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov OI Lefkowitz, Elliot/0000-0002-4748-4925; Sterk, Peter/0000-0003-1668-7778; Scheuermann, Richard/0000-0003-1355-892X NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2258 EP 2268 DI 10.3390/v2102258 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 684VQ UT WOS:000284581900007 PM 21994619 ER PT J AU Okomo-Adhiambo, M Sleeman, K Ballenger, K Nguyen, HT Mishin, VP Sheu, TG Smagala, J Li, Y Klimov, AI Gubareva, LV AF Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret Sleeman, Katrina Ballenger, Kristina Nguyen, Ha T. Mishin, Vasiliy P. Sheu, Tiffany G. Smagala, James Li, Yan Klimov, Alexander I. Gubareva, Larisa V. TI Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Testing in Human Influenza Viruses: A Laboratory Surveillance Perspective SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE Oseltamivir; zanamivir; peramivir; seasonal influenza A and B; pandemic H1N1 ID A VIRUSES; OSELTAMIVIR RESISTANCE; ISOLATED WORLDWIDE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; A(H1N1) VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; SEPTEMBER 28; H1N1; ZANAMIVIR AB Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are vital in managing seasonal and pandemic influenza infections. NAI susceptibilities of virus isolates (n = 5540) collected during the 2008-2009 influenza season were assessed in the chemiluminescent neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assay. Box-and-whisker plot analyses of log-transformed IC(50)s were performed for each virus type/subtype and NAI to identify outliers which were characterized based on a statistical cutoff of IC(50) > 3 interquartile ranges (IQR) from the 75(th) percentile. Among 1533 seasonal H1N1 viruses tested, 1431 (93.3%) were outliers for oseltamivir; they all harbored the H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase (NA) and were reported as oseltamivir-resistant. Only 15 (0.7%) of pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses tested (n = 2259) were resistant to oseltamivir. All influenza A(H3N2) (n = 834) and B (n = 914) viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir, except for one A(H3N2) and one B virus, with D151V and D197E (D198E in N2 numbering) mutations in the NA, respectively. All viruses tested were sensitive to zanamivir, except for six seasonal A(H1N1) and several A(H3N2) outliers (n = 22) which exhibited cell culture induced mutations at residue D151 of the NA. A subset of viruses (n = 1058) tested for peramivir were sensitive to the drug, with exception of H275Y variants that exhibited reduced susceptibility to this NAI. This study summarizes baseline susceptibility patterns of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses, and seeks to contribute towards criteria for defining NAI resistance. C1 [Okomo-Adhiambo, Margaret; Sleeman, Katrina; Ballenger, Kristina; Nguyen, Ha T.; Mishin, Vasiliy P.; Sheu, Tiffany G.; Smagala, James; Klimov, Alexander I.; Gubareva, Larisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virus Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nguyen, Ha T.] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Smagala, James] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Yan] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Influenza & Resp Viruses Sect, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. [Sheu, Tiffany G.] Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Gubareva, LV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Virus Surveillance & Diag Branch, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gfv3@cdc.gov; hhk6@cdc.gov; isx0@cdc.gov; hsn7@cdc.gov; fwc7@cdc.gov; gbq3@cdc.gov; gpa1@cdc.gov; yan.li@phac-aspc.gc.ca; axk0@cdc.gov; lgubareva@cdc.gov FU Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF) FX H.T.N. received financial support for this work from the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF). NR 38 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD OCT PY 2010 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2269 EP 2289 DI 10.3390/v2102269 PG 21 WC Virology SC Virology GA 684VQ UT WOS:000284581900008 PM 21994620 ER PT J AU Yin, HF Ma, Z Zhu, HG Chi, MF Dai, S AF Yin, Hongfeng Ma, Zhen Zhu, Haoguo Chi, Miaofang Dai, Sheng TI Evidence for and mitigation of the encapsulation of gold nanoparticles within silica supports upon high-temperature treatment of Au/SiO2 catalysts: Implication to catalyst deactivation SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Mesoporous silica; SBA-15; Gold; Crystallization; Encapsulation; Metal-support interaction; CO oxidation ID PD/CERIA-ZIRCONIA CATALYST; ORDERED MESOPOROUS SILICA; EXHAUST-GAS CATALYSTS; CO OXIDATION; AU NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE MODIFICATION; AU/TIO2 CATALYSTS; AEROBIC OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SHIFT REACTION AB Silica is one of the most widely used catalyst supports for metal nanocatalysts. Although the sintering of metal nanoparticles on various silica supports has been extensively studied, the restructuring of silica supports and its effect on supported metal nanoparticles have been seldom investigated. In this paper, silica-supported gold catalysts were used as a model system to probe the interplay of silica supports and metal nanoparticles under high-temperature treatment conditions. Gold was loaded onto mesoporous SiO2 (SBA-15) using Au(en)(2)Cl-3 as the precursor in the presence of aqueous NaOH (pH similar to 10). The influence of high-temperature treatment on the textural and structural changes of SBA-15 and Au/SBA-15 was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Control experiments were conducted using an amorphous SiO2 (Cab-O-Sil) as the support. It was found that SBA-15 undergoes significant phase transformation to crystalline cristobalite upon high-temperature treatment, resulting in the dramatic decrease in surface area. More interestingly, the crystallization of SiO2 leads to the encapsulation of gold nanoparticles inside the SiO2 matrix. This conclusion was proven by aqua regia leaching, EDX, and SEM/TEM experiments. Gold nanoparticles can also be encapsulated into the SiO2 matrix when using Cab-O-Sil as the support, but the process takes place under much higher temperatures. The encapsulation of gold nanoparticles can be mitigated by coating Au/SBA-15 with amorphous Al2O3 or by coating SBA-15 with Al2O3 before loading gold. Our findings shed new light on the deactivation of supported gold catalysts under high-temperature conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Zhen] Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Yin, Hongfeng; Zhu, Haoguo; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chi, Miaofang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM zhenma@fudan.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov RI Ma, Zhen/F-1348-2010; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Ma, Zhen/0000-0002-2391-4943; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Scientific User Facilities, DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-ACO5-00OR22725. The electron microscopy experiments were carried out at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility, which is supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. NR 91 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 84 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 386 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2010.07.049 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657NB UT WOS:000282418300019 ER PT J AU Yang, JL Yuan, YF Wu, HM Li, Y Chen, YB Guo, SY AF Yang, J. L. Yuan, Y. F. Wu, H. M. Li, Y. Chen, Y. B. Guo, S. Y. TI Preparation and electrochemical performances of ZnO nanowires as anode materials for Ni/Zn secondary battery SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ni Zn battery; ZnO nanowires; Electrochemical performance; Hydrothermal synthesis ID GROWTH-MECHANISM; CALCIUM ZINCATE; NANOSTRUCTURES; ELECTRODE; CELLS; HABIT AB ZnO nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal route without any substrate or template. Structure analyses through XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM indicated that ZnO nanowires had high purity and perfect crystallinity, and grew along [0001]. The diameter was 50-80 nm, the length was about several micrometers and length-diameter ratio was more than 100. As electrode materials of Ni/Zn batteries, ZnO nanowires showed the obviously improved cycle stability, average discharge capacity of 609 mAh g(-1), higher discharge voltage/lower charge voltage. Slow rate cyclic voltammetry showed that electrochemical activity of ZnO nanowires was superior to that of the conventional ZnO. The improvements of electrochemical performance were ascribed to the unique nanowire structure. During the charging/discharging cycles, nanowires were broke, grew in diameter, and changed into nanorods. Nanowires lying parallel to the anodes could suppress the growth of dendrite clusters perpendicular to the anodes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, J. L.; Yuan, Y. F.; Li, Y.; Chen, Y. B.; Guo, S. Y.] Zhejiang Sci Tech Univ, Coll Machinery & Automat, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Y. F.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wu, H. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yuan, YF (reprint author), Zhejiang Sci Tech Univ, Coll Machinery & Automat, 2 St, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM yuanyf@zstu.edu.cn; syiguo@zstu.edu.cn OI Yuan, Y.F./0000-0001-7846-2617 FU Postdoctoral Foundation of The Hong Kong Polytechnical University [G-YX2G]; Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (ZSTU) [0703669-Y]; Research Projects of Education Department of Zhejiang Province, China [0803076-F] FX This work is supported by Postdoctoral Foundation of The Hong Kong Polytechnical University under Grant No. G-YX2G, Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (ZSTU) under Grant No. 0703669-Y, and Research Projects of Education Department of Zhejiang Province, China under Grant No. 0803076-F. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 23 BP 7050 EP 7054 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.075 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 652HP UT WOS:000281994700018 ER PT J AU Gaudinski, JB Torn, MS Riley, WJ Dawson, TE Joslin, JD Majdi, H AF Gaudinski, Julia B. Torn, M. S. Riley, W. J. Dawson, T. E. Joslin, J. D. Majdi, H. TI Measuring and modeling the spectrum of fine-root turnover times in three forests using isotopes, minirhizotrons, and the Radix model SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; LONGLEAF PINE FOREST; SOIL RESPIRATION; BRANCH ORDER; CARBON ALLOCATION; TEMPERATE FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; PONDEROSA PINE; BOREAL FOREST; SPRUCE FOREST AB Fine root (<2 mm) cycling rates are important for understanding plant ecology and carbon fluxes in forests, but they are difficult to determine and remain uncertain. This paper synthesizes minirhizotron and isotopic data and a root model and concludes that (1) fine roots have a spectrum of turnover times ranging from months to many years and (2) the mean age of live root biomass (A) and the mean age of roots when they die (i.e., their turnover time (tau)) are not equal. We estimated A and tau of fine roots in three forests using the root model Radix. For short-lived roots, we constrained tau with existing minirhizotron data; for long-lived roots, we used new radiocarbon measurements of roots sampled by diameter size class and root branch order. Long-lived root pools had site mean tau of 8-13 y and 5-9 y when sampled by diameter and branch order, respectively. Mean turnover times across sites were in general not significantly different as a function of branch-order, size class, or depth. Our modeling results indicate that similar to 20% of fine root biomass has turnover times of about a year, and similar to 80% has decadal turnover times. This partitioning is reflected in our predicted mean ages of similar to 9 y and turnover times of similar to 3 y. We estimate that fine root mortality contributes between 38 and 104 g C m(-2) y(-1) to soil in these forests. These estimates are 20 to 80% of previous estimates in these and similar forests, in part because we explicitly account for the large portion of fine-root biomass with decadal cycling rates. Our work shows that both fast and slow cycling roots must be modeled jointly to account for the heterogeneous nature of fine-root dynamics. C1 [Gaudinski, Julia B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gaudinski, Julia B.; Torn, M. S.; Riley, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gaudinski, Julia B.; Dawson, T. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrated Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Joslin, J. D.] Belowground Forest Res, Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. [Majdi, H.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Gaudinski, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jbgaudinski@gmail.com RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate Change Research Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Hooshang Majdi passed away before this manuscript was completed. He will be missed by these authors as a talented colleague and a friend. We would like to thank Jan-Erik Nylund (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) for reviewing this manuscript on Hooshang's behalf. We also thank Kathleen Savage, Heather Cooley, Anders Walin, and Bertil Andersson for assistance in the field; Marc Los Huertos, Jessica Westbrook, Deborah Williard, John Southon, and Rachel Porras for help in the lab. Julia Gaudinski thanks Weixin Cheng for mentorship and laboratory support throughout this research. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate Change Research Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 63 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB3029 DI 10.1029/2009GB003649 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657SW UT WOS:000282433600002 ER PT J AU Huang, MY Asner, GP AF Huang, Maoyi Asner, Gregory P. TI Long-term carbon loss and recovery following selective logging in Amazon forests SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; LOGGED FORESTS; EASTERN AMAZON; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; REDUCED-IMPACT; CANOPY DAMAGE; CLIMATE; FLUXES AB Amazon deforestation contributes significantly to global carbon (C) emissions. In comparison, the contribution from selective logging to atmospheric CO2 emissions, and its impact on regional C dynamics, is highly uncertain. Using a new geographically based modeling approach in combination with high resolution remote sensing data from 1999 to 2002, we estimate that C emissions were 0.04-0.05 Pg C yr(-1) due to selective logging from a similar to 2,664,960 km(2) region of the Brazilian Amazon. Selective logging was responsible for 15-19% higher carbon emissions than reported from deforestation (clear-cutting) alone. Our simulations indicated that forest carbon lost via selective logging lasts two to three decades following harvest, and that the original live biomass takes up to a century to recover, if the forests are not subsequently cleared. The two-to three-decade loss of carbon results from the biomass damaged by logging activities, including leaves, wood, and roots, estimated to be 89.1 Tg C yr(-1) from 1999 to 2002 over the study region, leaving 70.0 Tg C yr(-1) and 7.9 Tg C yr(-1) to accumulate as coarse woody debris and soil C, respectively. While avoided deforestation is central to crediting rain forest nations for reduced carbon emissions, the extent and intensity of selective logging are also critical to determining carbon emissions in the context of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). We show that a combination of automated high-resolution satellite monitoring and detailed forest C modeling can yield spatially explicit estimates of harvest-related C losses and subsequent recovery in support of REDD and other international carbon market mechanisms. C1 [Huang, Maoyi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Huang, Maoyi; Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Huang, MY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM maoyi.huang@pnl.gov RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485 FU NASA [NNG06GE32A, NNG04GK34G]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This study was supported by NASA grants NNG06GE32A and NNG04GK34G and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Part of this work was done when M. Huang was at the State University of New York at Buffalo. We thank M. Keller for his helpful suggestions on this study, R. Haxo for developing the framework to migrate CASA to Linux clusters, and D. Knapp, P. Oliveira, and S. Loarie for their assistance on remote sensing and GIS data sets for this study. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 24 AR GB3028 DI 10.1029/2009GB003727 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657SW UT WOS:000282433600004 ER PT J AU Villa, A Gaiassi, A Rossetti, I Bianchi, CL van Benthem, K Veith, GM Prati, L AF Villa, Alberto Gaiassi, Aureliano Rossetti, Ilenia Bianchi, Claudia L. van Benthem, Klaus Veith, Gabriel M. Prati, Laura TI Au on MgAl2O4 spinels: The effect of support surface properties in glycerol oxidation SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Gold catalyst; Spinel structure; Glycerol oxidation ID LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; GOLD CATALYSTS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; MESOPOROUS MGAL2O4; ALCOHOL OXIDATION; FLAME-PYROLYSIS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ACETIC-ACID; NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM AB Here, we investigated the properties of Au nanoparticles prepared via three different techniques and supported on three different MgAl2O4 spinels. After careful characterization of bare and gold-loaded supports (XPS, BET, XRD, STEM) and catalytic test for the selective oxidation of glycerol, we concluded that the surface composition and area of the spinel play an important role in determining the selectivity of the catalyst as well as gold particle size. When supported on surface characterized by a similar Al/Mg ratio, gold clusters selectivity is not mediated by particle dimension. For example, large gold particles on MgAl2O4, which typically produce high selectivity to glycerate when supported on aluminum-rich surfaces instead, enhance the C-C bond cleavage reaction. Accordingly, the selectivity of similarly sized AuNPs on MgAl2O4 spinels with the same surface Al/Mg ratio is similar but we demonstrate that the activity depends on gold surface exposure (at.% Au by XPS) and on support surface area. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Veith, Gabriel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Villa, Alberto; Gaiassi, Aureliano; Prati, Laura] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Chim Inorgan Metallorgan & Analit LM, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Rossetti, Ilenia; Bianchi, Claudia L.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Elettrochim, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [van Benthem, Klaus] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Veith, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Laura.Prati@unimi.it; veithgm@ornl.gov RI Bianchi, Claudia /C-7067-2013; Villa, Alberto/H-7355-2013; Rossetti, Ilenia/O-8929-2016; Prati, Laura/Q-3970-2016 OI Bianchi, Claudia /0000-0002-9702-6949; Villa, Alberto/0000-0001-8656-6256; Rossetti, Ilenia/0000-0001-5882-5011; Prati, Laura/0000-0002-8227-9505 FU Fondazione Cariplo; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, US Department of Energy; UT-Battelle, LLC FX Authors gratefully acknowledge Fondazione Cariplo for financial support. Microscopy studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences were sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This research (GMV, KvB) was sponsored by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, US Department of Energy under contract with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 52 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 11 U2 89 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 275 IS 1 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2010.07.022 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 670GT UT WOS:000283409900011 ER PT J AU Choi, K Tong, W Maiani, RD Burkes, DE Munir, ZA AF Choi, Kwanghoon Tong, Wen Maiani, Robert D. Burkes, Douglas E. Munir, Zuhair A. TI Densification of nano-CeO2 ceramics as nuclear oxide surrogate by spark plasma sintering SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN STORAGE; CERIA; POWDERS; CEO2; CONSOLIDATION; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR AB The sintering and resulting microstructure of nano-grained CeO2 ceramics were investigated as functions of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) parameters. Ceria powders could be sintered to a relative density over 97% with a grain size of about 30 nm. The applied uniaxial pressure during sintering had a significant effect on densification. The combination of high pressure and fast heating rate produces a marked reduction in the sintering temperature to densify CeO2 with very limited grain growth. Heating rate and holding time, however, had insignificant effect on density but a measurable effect on grain size. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Choi, Kwanghoon; Tong, Wen; Munir, Zuhair A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Maiani, Robert D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Burkes, Douglas E.] Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Munir, ZA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zamunir@ucdavis.edu FU Department of Energy (DOE); Idaho National laboratory FX Financial support for this project was provided by the Department of Energy (DOE) and by Idaho National laboratory. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 404 IS 3 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.07.018 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 654UD UT WOS:000282195000005 ER PT J AU Pandelov, S Werhahn, JC Pilles, BM Xantheas, SS Iglev, H AF Pandelov, Stanislav Werhahn, Jasper C. Pilles, Bert M. Xantheas, Sotiris S. Iglev, Hristo TI An Empirical Correlation between the Enthalpy of Solution of Aqueous Salts and Their Ability to Form Hydrates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID WATER-ACETONITRILE MIXTURES; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; HEAT-CAPACITIES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MAGNESIUM-NITRATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLAR ENTHALPIES; CONDENSED-PHASE; LITHIUM-SULFATE AB The ability of aqueous salt solutions to form hydrates by cooling them at ambient pressure is probed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy by examining the structure of the spectra in the OH-stretching region (3000-3800 cm(-1)). A collection of 75 organic and inorganic salts in saturated solutions are examined. We have found a correlation between the enthalpy of solution of the salt and its ability to form a hydrate, namely, that the salt's enthalpy of solution is lower than the standard enthalpy of fusion of ice (6 kJ/mol). This observation can serve as an empirical rule that determines whether a salt will form a hydrate upon cooling from its aqueous solution. C1 [Pandelov, Stanislav; Werhahn, Jasper C.; Pilles, Bert M.; Iglev, Hristo] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys E11, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Xantheas, Sotiris S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Iglev, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys E11, James Franck Str, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM hristo.iglev@ph.tum.de RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 FU International Max Planck Research School on Advanced Photon Science; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; DFG Cluster of Excellence "Munich Center for Advanced Photonics"; Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geo-sciences, US Department of Energy FX J. C. W. thanks the International Max Planck Research School on Advanced Photon Science for financial support S. S. X. acknowledges financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a renewed stay at the Physics Department of the Technical University of Munich at Garching and the hospitality of Professor A. Laubereau during that stay. This work was supported in part by the DFG Cluster of Excellence "Munich Center for Advanced Photonics" and by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geo-sciences, US Department of Energy. Battelle operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the US Department of Energy. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 38 BP 10454 EP 10457 DI 10.1021/jp106050r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 652OW UT WOS:000282018200014 PM 20666487 ER PT J AU Bao, YP Yeh, HC Zhong, C Ivanov, SA Sharma, JK Neidig, ML Vu, DM Shreve, AP Dyer, RB Werner, JH Martinez, JS AF Bao, Yuping Yeh, Hsin-Chih Zhong, Chang Ivanov, Sergei A. Sharma, Jaswinder K. Neidig, Michael L. Vu, Dung M. Shreve, Andrew P. Dyer, R. Brian Werner, James H. Martinez, Jennifer S. TI Formation and Stabilization of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters Using Small Molecules SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GOODS BUFFERS; QUANTUM DOTS; TRACKING; CLUSTERS; WATER; NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION AB Biological molecular imaging and sensing requires fluorophores that are not only stable and bright, but also small enough to allow the unencumbered observation of the movement of proteins. Toward this goal, we have studied the formation of fluorescent metallic gold nanoclusters stabilized by small molecule ligands. The morpholine and piperazine backbones of Good's buffers were used to template fluorescent clusters, through a process of etching of nanoparticles first formed in the reaction. The clusters are found to be subnanometer sized, with nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes and as bright, or brighter, than the commercial dye norharmane. C1 [Yeh, Hsin-Chih; Zhong, Chang; Ivanov, Sergei A.; Sharma, Jaswinder K.; Neidig, Michael L.; Shreve, Andrew P.; Werner, James H.; Martinez, Jennifer S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bao, Yuping] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Vu, Dung M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dyer, R. Brian] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Martinez, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mail Stop K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jenm@lanl.gov RI Ivanov, Sergei/B-5505-2011; OI Vu, Dung/0000-0002-3707-4439; Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research LDRD-DR; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000), through a user proposal to Y.B. and C.Z. We also acknowledge support of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research LDRD-DR program (H.-C.Y., S.A.I., J.K.S., D.M.V., M.L.N., J.H.W., and J.S.M.) and the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (ARS.). NR 40 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 38 BP 15879 EP 15882 DI 10.1021/jp909580z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 652OT UT WOS:000282017900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, DE Walter, M Akola, J AF Jiang, De-en Walter, Michael Akola, Jaakko TI On the Structure of a Thiolated Gold Cluster: Au-44(SR)(28)(2-) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTECTED AU-38; BASIS-SET; NANOCLUSTERS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; NANOPARTICLES; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION AB Many thiolate-protected gold clusters prepared by wet-chemistry show abundances of certain compositions which can be explained by the shell-closing of the superatom orbitals 1S, 1P, 1D, ... , leading to magic-number series 2, 8, 18, 20, 34, 58, etc. One recently isolated such cluster, Au-44(SPh)(28)(2-), is a potential candidate for the magic number 18, although its structure has not been determined. Applying the "divide-and-protect" concept and recent knowledge obtained from the structures of Au-25(SR)(18)(-) and Au-102(SR)(44) (-SR being a thiolate group), we compare two structural models for the Au-44(SR)(28)(2-) cluster. We have optimized their structures, computed powder X-ray diffraction patterns and optical absorption spectra, and performed the superatom analysis on them. The model featuring the -RS-Au-SR- and -RS-Au-SR-Au-SR- motifs in the protective layer shows better energetic stability and agreement with the experimental XRD pattern than the other model which has a protective layer including longer, polymeric RS(AuSR)(x) motifs. However, the computed optical spectra for both models are quite different from the experimental one. Our models here can serve as benchmarks for further proposals of Au-44(SR)(28)(2-) cluster structures. C1 [Jiang, De-en] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Walter, Michael] Univ Freiburg, Res Ctr, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. [Akola, Jaakko] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Nanosci Ctr, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Akola, Jaakko] Tampere Univ Technol, Dept Phys, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Walter, Michael] Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. RP Jiang, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jiangd@ornl.gov; michael.walter@fmf.uni-freiburg.de; jaakko.akola@phys.jyu.fi RI Walter, Michael/D-7984-2011; Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Akola, Jaakko/L-6076-2013 OI Walter, Michael/0000-0001-6679-2491; Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Akola, Jaakko/0000-0001-9037-7095 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank CSC (Espoo, Finland) and JSC (Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany) for providing computational resources. This research also used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors thank H. Hakkinen and R. L. Whetten for their enthusiasm, encouragement, and discussion during the course of this collaborative project. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 38 BP 15883 EP 15889 DI 10.1021/jp9097342 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 652OT UT WOS:000282017900003 ER PT J AU McMahon, JM Gray, SK Schatz, GC AF McMahon, Jeffrey M. Gray, Stephen K. Schatz, George C. TI Nonlocal Dielectric Effects in Core-Shell Nanowires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LONGITUDINAL PLASMONS; NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRODYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENT; NANOSHELLS; RESONANCES; SHAPE AB We study the optical spectra and near fields of core-shell nanowires (nanoshells), using a recently developed finite-difference method that allows for a spatially nonlocal dielectric response. We first analyze the parameters of the nonlocal model by making comparisons with related experimental data and previous theoretical work. We then investigate how nonlocal effects are dependent on nanoshell features, such as shell thickness, overall size, and the ratio of core radius to shell radius. We demonstrate that the shell thickness along the longitudinal direction of the incident light is the primary controlling factor of nonlocal effects, which appear as anomalous absorption resonances and blueshifts in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) positions, relative to local theory. In addition, we show that the amount of blueshift depends on the order of the LSPR. The optical responses of nanoshells immersed in various refractive index (RI) environments are also studied. We show that the nonlocal anomalous absorption features are relatively insensitive to RI changes, but the blueshift of the dipolar LSPR varies nonlinearly. C1 [McMahon, Jeffrey M.; Schatz, George C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [McMahon, Jeffrey M.; Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schatz, GC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM schatz@chem.northwestern.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001785, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX J.M.M. and G.C.S. were supported by a SISGR Grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award Number DE-SC0001785. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 38 BP 15903 EP 15908 DI 10.1021/jp910899b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 652OT UT WOS:000282017900006 ER PT J AU Zhao, H Bradford, PD Wang, X Liu, W Luo, TJM Jia, QX Zhu, YT Yuan, FG AF Zhao, Haibo Bradford, Philip D. Wang, Xin Liu, Wei Luo, Tzy Jiun Mark Jia, Quanxi Zhu, Yuntian Yuan, Fuh-Gwo TI An intermetallic Fe-Zr catalyst used for growing long carbon nanotube arrays SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotube; Chemical vapor deposition; Fe-Zr ID GROWTH; FIBERS; FORESTS AB Metallic nanoparticles containing single and binary components have been known for their catalytic properties to grow carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. In this paper, an intermetallic catalyst consisting of iron and zirconium was used to grow millimeter long, well aligned arrays. The Fe-Zr catalysts enabled the growth of 1.7 mm-long carbon nanotube arrays in 45 min. A comparison with pure iron catalyst indicated that adding Zr to iron can stabilize the Fe catalyst at the CNT growth temperature and moderate its reactivity. SEM images showed the different growth behaviors for Fe-Zr and Fe catalysts. The long, uniform CNT arrays grown here have potential applications in many advanced composites. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Haibo; Yuan, Fuh-Gwo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bradford, Philip D.; Wang, Xin; Liu, Wei; Luo, Tzy Jiun Mark; Zhu, Yuntian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jia, Quanxi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yuan, FG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yuan@ncsu.edu RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Zhao, Haibo/B-3384-2011; Wang, Xin/F-3130-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Bradford, Philip/0000-0002-4448-5033 FU NASA; U.S. Department of Energy; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies FX The work at North Carolina State University was supported by NC Space Grant sponsored by NASA. The work at Los Alamos was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD program and the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 18 BP 1947 EP 1950 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.05.045 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 640AR UT WOS:000281019800004 ER PT J AU Blagojevic, VA Carlo, JP Brus, LE Steigerwald, ML Uemura, YJ Billinge, SJL Zhou, W Stephens, PW Aczel, AA Luke, GM AF Blagojevic, V. A. Carlo, J. P. Brus, L. E. Steigerwald, M. L. Uemura, Y. J. Billinge, S. J. L. Zhou, W. Stephens, P. W. Aczel, A. A. Luke, G. M. TI Magnetic phase transition in V2O3 nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VANADIUM SESQUIOXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS; METALLIC V2O3; NANOPOWDER; PURE AB V2O3 nanocrystals can be synthesized through hydrothermal reduction in VO (OH)(2) using hydrazine as a reducing agent. Addition of different ligands to the reaction produces nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanoplatelets of different sizes. Small nanoparticles synthesized in this manner show suppression of the magnetic phase transition to lower temperatures. Using muon spin relaxation spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray diffraction, we have determined that the volume fraction of the high-temperature phase, characterized by a rhombohedral structure and paramagnetism, gradually declines with decreasing temperature, in contrast to the sharp transition observed in bulk V2O3. C1 [Carlo, J. P.; Uemura, Y. J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Blagojevic, V. A.; Brus, L. E.; Steigerwald, M. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Carlo, J. P.] CNR, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Billinge, S. J. L.; Zhou, W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Billinge, S. J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Stephens, P. W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Aczel, A. A.; Luke, G. M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Carlo, JP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jeremy.carlo@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; Aczel, Adam/A-6247-2016; OI Aczel, Adam/0000-0003-1964-1943; Luke, Graeme/0000-0003-4762-1173; Blagojevic, Vladimir/0000-0001-8102-989X FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0703940]; Partnership in International Research and Education initiative PIRE [OISE-0968226]; MRSEC [DMR-0213574]; Materials World Network [DMR-0502706, DMR-0806846]; NSERC; NSF [DMR-0520547] FX We gratefully acknowledge T. J. Williams, G. J. MacDougall, J. A. Rodriguez, J. Janik, and C. R. Wiebe for help in mu SR data acquisition, Emil Bozin and Peng Tian for help with the diffraction data analysis, I. P. Swainson and A. J. Millis for useful discussions, and the TRIUMF CMMS for invaluable technical assistance with mu SR experiments. Work at Columbia University was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation via Grants No. DMR-0703940, the Materials World Network (MWN: DMR-0502706, and No. DMR-0806846), the Partnership in International Research and Education initiative (PIRE: OISE-0968226), the MRSEC program (Grant No. DMR-0213574), and at McMaster University by NSERC and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. W.Z. was supported by NSF under Grant No. DMR-0520547. Work in the Billinge group, and use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Finally, we thank the NSF Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE) program for valuable support. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 094453 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094453 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 656GG UT WOS:000282315500004 ER PT J AU Vasseur, R Lookman, T Shenoy, SR AF Vasseur, Romain Lookman, Turab Shenoy, Subodh R. TI Microstructure from ferroelastic transitions using strain pseudospin clock models in two and three dimensions: A local mean-field analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; TWIN BOUNDARIES; LANDAU THEORY; SYSTEMS; PRECURSORS; VORTICES; DYNAMICS; SOLIDS; GROWTH AB We show how microstructure can arise in first-order ferroelastic structural transitions, in two and three spatial dimensions, through a local mean-field approximation of their pseudospin Hamiltonians, that include anisotropic elastic interactions. Such transitions have symmetry-selected physical strains as their N-OP-component order parameters, with Landau free energies that have a single zero-strain "austenite" minimum at high temperatures, and spontaneous-strain "martensite" minima of N-V structural variants at low temperatures. The total free energy also has gradient terms, and power-law anisotropic effective interactions, induced by "no-dislocation" St Venant compatibility constraints. In a reduced description, the strains at Landau minima induce temperature dependent, clocklike Z(NV+1) Hamiltonians, with N-OP-component strain-pseudospin vectors (S) over right arrow pointing to Z(NV+1) discrete values (including zero). We study elastic texturing in five such first-order structural transitions through a local mean-field approximation of their pseudospin Hamiltonians, that include the power-law interactions. As a prototype, we consider the two-variant square/rectangle transition, with a one-component pseudospin taking Z(NV+1)=3 values of S=0, +/- 1, as in a generalized Blume-Capel model. We then consider transitions with two-component (NOP=2) pseudospins: the equilateral to centered rectangle (N-V= 3); the square to oblique polygon (N-V=4); the triangle to oblique (N-V= 6) transitions; and finally the three-dimensional (3D) cubic to tetragonal transition (N-V=3). The local mean-field solutions in two-dimensional and 3D yield oriented domain-wall patterns as from continuous-variable strain dynamics, showing the discrete-variable models capture the essential ferroelastic texturings. Other related Hamiltonians illustrate that structural transitions in materials science can be the source of interesting spin models in statistical mechanics. C1 [Vasseur, Romain; Lookman, Turab] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vasseur, Romain; Lookman, Turab] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vasseur, Romain] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France. [Shenoy, Subodh R.] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Vasseur, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52- 06NA25396]; National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada; ICTP, Trieste FX We are grateful to the Center for Nonlinear Science at Los Alamos National Laboratory for summer 2009 student support for RV. We acknowledge useful discussions with Marcel Porta and Avadh Saxena and thank Radha Balakrishnan for help in checking expression 3.41c of Ref. 7 (a). This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52- 06NA25396. The National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada, and ICTP, Trieste, are also thanked for support. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 094118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094118 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 656GG UT WOS:000282315500001 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bnzarov, I Bombara, M Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Daugherity, M De Silva, LC Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Krus, M Kuhn, C Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, N Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shi, XH Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhu, X Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bnzarov, I. Bombara, M. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. De Silva, L. C. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kuhn, C. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, N. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shi, X-H. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Parton energy loss in heavy-ion collisions via direct-photon and charged-particle azimuthal correlations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; JET TOMOGRAPHY AB Charged-particle spectra associated with direct photon (gamma(dir)) and pi(0) are measured in p + p and Au + Au collisions at center-of-mass energy root(S)(NN) = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A shower-shape analysis is used to partially discriminate between gamma(dir) and pi(0). Assuming no associated charged particles in the gamma(dir) direction ( near side) and small contribution from fragmentation photons (gamma(frag)), the associated charged-particle yields opposite to gamma(dir) (away side) are extracted. In central Au + Au collisions, the charged-particle yields at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1) and high transverse momentum (3 < (assoc)(PT) < 16 GeV/c) associated with gamma(dir) and pi(0) (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.9, 8 < (trig)(PT) < 16 GeV/c) are suppressed by a factor of 3-5 compared with p + p collisions. The observed suppression of the associated charged particles is similar for gamma(dir) and pi(0) and independent of the gamma(dir) energy within uncertainties. These measurements indicate that, in the kinematic range covered and within our current experimental uncertainties, the parton energy loss shows no sensitivity to the parton initial energy, path length, or color charge. C1 [Abelev, B. I.; Barannikova, O.; Betts, R. R.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. 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B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Cosentino, M. R.; Guimaraes, K. S. F. F.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Xu, Q. H.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Jin, F.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shi, X-H.; Tian, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zuo, J. X.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Sarsour, M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Daugherity, M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Webb, J. C.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T. M.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Feng, A.; Li, N.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013 OI Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of NP within US DOE Office of Science; Office of HEP within US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia; [CNRS/IN2P3] FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe," CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 034909 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.034909 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 656HE UT WOS:000282318700007 ER PT J AU Gross, F Stadler, A AF Gross, Franz Stadler, Alfred TI Covariant spectator theory of np scattering: Effective range expansions and relativistic deuteron wave functions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID 3-BODY BOUND-STATE; EQUATIONS; ENERGY AB We present the effective range expansions for the (1)S(0) and (3)S(1) scattering phase shifts, and the relativistic deuteron wave functions that accompany our recent high precision fits (with chi(2)/N(data) similar or equal to 1) to the 2007 world np data below 350 MeV. The wave functions are expanded in a series of analytical functions (with the correct asymptotic behavior at both large and small arguments) that can be Fourier-transformed from momentum to coordinate space and are convenient to use in any application. A FORTRAN subroutine to compute these wave functions can be obtained from the authors. C1 [Gross, Franz] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Gross, Franz] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Stadler, Alfred] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. [Stadler, Alfred] Univ Evora, Dept Fis, P-7000671 Evora, Portugal. RP Gross, F (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM gross@jlab.org; stadler@cii.fc.ul.pt RI Stadler, Alfred/C-5550-2009 OI Stadler, Alfred/0000-0002-9596-0770 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 034004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.034004 PG 29 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 656HE UT WOS:000282318700003 ER PT J AU Hagen, G Papenbrock, T Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M AF Hagen, G. Papenbrock, T. Dean, D. J. Hjorth-Jensen, M. TI Ab initio coupled-cluster approach to nuclear structure with modern nucleon-nucleon interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID OF-MASS MOTION; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; 2-NUCLEON SYSTEM; FORCES; FIELD; ENERGY; STATES; ORDER; O-16 AB We perform coupled-cluster calculations for the doublymagic nuclei He-4, O-16, Ca-40,Ca-48, for neutron-rich isotopes of oxygen and fluorine, and employ "bare" and secondary renormalized nucleon-nucleon interactions. For the nucleon-nucleon interaction from chiral effective field theory at order next-to-next-to-next-to leading order, we find that the coupled-cluster approximation including triples corrections binds nuclei within 0.4 MeV per nucleon compared to data. We employ interactions from a resolution-scale dependent similarity renormalization group transformations and assess the validity of power counting estimates in medium-mass nuclei. We find that the missing contributions from three-nucleon forces are consistent with these estimates. For the unitary correlator model potential, we find a slow convergence with respect to increasing the size of the model space. For the G-matrix approach, we find a weak dependence of ground-state energies on the starting energy combined with a rather slow convergence with respect to increasing model spaces. We also analyze the center-of-mass problem and present a practical and efficient solution. C1 [Hagen, G.; Papenbrock, T.; Dean, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Papenbrock, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hjorth-Jensen, M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Hjorth-Jensen, M.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Applicat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Hagen, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; Hagen, Gaute/I-6146-2012; OI Hagen, Gaute/0000-0001-6019-1687; Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X; Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 86 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 034330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.034330 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 656HE UT WOS:000282318700006 ER PT J AU Lacey, RA Taranenko, A Wei, R Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Jia, J Pak, R Rischke, DH Teaney, D Dusling, K AF Lacey, Roy A. Taranenko, A. Wei, R. Ajitanand, N. N. Alexander, J. M. Jia, J. Pak, R. Rischke, Dirk H. Teaney, D. Dusling, K. TI Azimuthal anisotropy: Transition from hydrodynamic flow to jet suppression SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLISIONS AB Measured second and fourth azimuthal anisotropy coefficients v(2,4)(N-part, p(T)) are scaled with the initial eccentricity epsilon(2,4)(N-part) of the collision zone and studied as a function of the number of participants N-part and the transverse momenta p(T). Scaling violations are observed for p(T) less than or similar to 3 GeV/c, consistent with a p(T)(2) dependence of viscous corrections and a linear increase of the relaxation time with p(T). These empirical viscous corrections to flow and the thermal distribution function at freeze-out constrain estimates of the specific viscosity and the freeze-out temperature for two different models for the initial collision geometry. The apparent viscous corrections exhibit a sharp maximum for p(T) greater than or similar to 3 GeV/c, suggesting a breakdown of the hydrodynamic ansatz and the onset of a change from flow-driven to suppression-driven anisotropy. C1 [Lacey, Roy A.; Taranenko, A.; Wei, R.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Alexander, J. M.; Jia, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Lacey, Roy A.; Jia, J.; Pak, R.; Teaney, D.; Dusling, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Rischke, Dirk H.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rischke, Dirk H.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Teaney, D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lacey, RA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Roy.Lacey@Stonybrook.edu OI Dusling, Kevin/0000-0001-9598-0416 FU US DOE [DE-FG02-87ER40331.A008]; NSF [PHY-0701487] FX This research is supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-FG02-87ER40331.A008 and by the NSF under Award No. PHY-0701487. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 034910 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.034910 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 656HE UT WOS:000282318700008 ER PT J AU Luu, T Savage, MJ Schwenk, A Vary, JP AF Luu, Thomas Savage, Martin J. Schwenk, Achim Vary, James P. TI Nucleon-nucleon scattering in a harmonic potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SHELL-MODEL; LATTICE; MATRIX; STATES AB The discrete energy eigenvalues of two nucleons interacting with a finite-range nuclear force and confined to a harmonic potential are used to numerically reconstruct the free-space scattering phase shifts. The extracted phase shifts are compared to those obtained from the exact continuum scattering solution and agree within the uncertainties of the calculations. Our results suggest that it might be possible to determine the amplitudes for the scattering of complex systems, such as nd, nt, or n alpha, from the energy eigenvalues confined to finite volumes using ab initio bound-state techniques. C1 [Luu, Thomas] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sect N, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Savage, Martin J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schwenk, Achim] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Schwenk, Achim] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Schwenk, Achim] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Vary, James P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Luu, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sect N, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tluu@llnl.gov; mjs5@u.washington.edu; schwenk@physik.tu-darmstadt.de; jvary@iastate.edu FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; UNEDF SciDAC [DE-FC02-07ER41457]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG03-97ER4014, DE-FG02-87ER40371]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Helmholtz Association [HA216/EMMI]; National Research Council Canada FX T.L. and M.J.S. thank the co-organizers of the INT workshop "Simulations and Symmetries: Cold Atoms, LQCD, and Few-Hadron Systems," H. Hammer and D. Phillips, for providing a stimulating environment in which part of this work was accomplished. We thank S. Beane, A. Nicholson, S. Quaglioni, and I. Stetcu for their critical reading of this manuscript. We also thank A. I. Mazur and A. M. Shirokov for providing valuable scattering phase shifts for the JISP16 interaction from solving the Schrodinger equation. The work of T. L. was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and the UNEDF SciDAC Grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41457. The work of M.J.S. was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-97ER4014. The work of J.P.V. was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-87ER40371. The work of A. S. was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Helmholtz Alliance Program of the Helmholtz Association, Contract No. HA216/EMMI" Extremes of Density and Temperature: Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory." TRIUMF receives funding via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.034003 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 656HE UT WOS:000282318700002 ER PT J AU Zilman, A Ganusov, VV Perelson, AS AF Zilman, Anton Ganusov, Vitaly V. Perelson, Alan S. TI Stochastic Models of Lymphocyte Proliferation and Death SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RESPONSE; CFSE DATA; CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; PRECURSOR FREQUENCY; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; DIVISION; ANTIGEN; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; DYNAMICS AB Quantitative understanding of the kinetics of lymphocyte proliferation and death upon activation with an antigen is crucial for elucidating factors determining the magnitude, duration and efficiency of the immune response. Recent advances in quantitative experimental techniques, in particular intracellular labeling and multi-channel flow cytometry, allow one to measure the population structure of proliferating and dying lymphocytes for several generations with high precision. These new experimental techniques require novel quantitative methods of analysis. We review several recent mathematical approaches used to describe and analyze cell proliferation data. Using a rigorous mathematical framework, we show that two commonly used models that are based on the theories of age-structured cell populations and of branching processes, are mathematically identical. We provide several simple analytical solutions for a model in which the distribution of interdivision times follows a gamma distribution and show that this model can fit both simulated and experimental data. We also show that the estimates of some critical kinetic parameters, such as the average inter-division time, obtained by fitting models to data may depend on the assumed distribution of inter-division times, highlighting the challenges in quantitative understanding of cell kinetics. C1 [Zilman, Anton; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Zilman, Anton] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ganusov, Vitaly V.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zilman, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM zilmana@lanl.gov OI Ganusov, Vitaly/0000-0001-6572-1691 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Institutes of Health [R37-AI28433, R01-RR06555, PO1 AI071195-01] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 and supported by National Institutes of Health grants R37-AI28433, R01-RR06555, and PO1 AI071195-01. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12775 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012775 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 656FQ UT WOS:000282312600001 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Hsieh, HJ Howard, BH Broitman, E AF Miller, James B. Hsieh, Hsin-Jung Howard, Bret H. Broitman, Esteban TI Microstructural evolution of sol-gel derived ZnO thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Zinc oxide; Thin films; Sol-gel; X-ray diffraction; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface morphology; Annealing ID BASIC ZINC ACETATE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PREHEATING TEMPERATURE; GAS SENSORS; OXIDE-FILMS; ARRAYS; NANOWIRE; GROWTH; NANORODS; ORIENTATION AB Zinc oxide thin films, with thicknesses between similar to 20 and 450 nm, were prepared by spin-coating sol-gel precursor solution (zinc acetate dihydrate and monoethanolamine in an isopropanol solvent) onto glass substrates, followed by heat treatment at temperatures through 773 K At 298 and 373 K, the films exhibited the structure of a lamellar ZnO precursor, Layered Basic Zinc Acetate (LBZA). At higher temperatures, LBZA released intercalated water and acetate groups and dehydroxylated to form zinc oxide nanograins with wurtzite structure, which were preferentially oriented in the c-axis direction. Both the degree of the films' c-axis orientation and the topography of their surfaces varied with heat treatment and precursor concentration. For films calcined at 773 K, a minimum of micron-scale surface wrinkles coincided with a maximum in c-axis preference at intermediate concentrations, suggesting that release of mechanical stress during densification of thicker films may have disrupted the ordering process that occurs during heat treatment. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, James B.; Hsieh, Hsin-Jung; Broitman, Esteban] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Miller, James B.; Howard, Bret H.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Broitman, Esteban/L-6950-2015 OI Broitman, Esteban/0000-0003-3277-1945 FU Carnegie Mellon Berkman Faculty FX The authors thank Andrew Gellman for helpful discussions. Casey O'Brien performed the XPS depth profile analyses. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Carnegie Mellon Berkman Faculty Development Fund. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 518 IS 23 BP 6792 EP 6798 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.06.032 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 658ZG UT WOS:000282534000016 ER PT J AU Peng, F Li, DS AF Peng, Fei Li, Dongsheng TI Synthesis of (Na2O,PbO)-Nb2O5, (Na2O,BaO)-Nb2O5, and (K2O,SrO)-Nb2O5 thin using sol-gel method SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Sol-gel; Ferroelectric properties; X-ray diffraction; Scanning electron microscopy ID GLASS-CERAMICS; NIOBATE FILMS AB Homogenous pore-free Ba2NaNb5O15, KSr2Nb5O15, and 2 Na2O-PbO-6 center dot Nb2O5 were fabricated on sapphire substrates using the sol-gel technique. By controlling the gelation and coating process, thickness of thin films fabricated was controllable from -40 nm to -10 mu m. Synthesized thin films possessed highly preferred orientated microstructure. Another advantage of this method is the subsequent heat treatment temperature dramatically decreased compared with other methods. This increases stoichiometry control and makes the large scale fabrication more feasible and efficient. Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Peng, Fei] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Li, Dongsheng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peng, F (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 30 PY 2010 VL 518 IS 23 BP 6833 EP 6838 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.06.059 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 658ZG UT WOS:000282534000022 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Bzowski, M Frisch, P Crew, GB Dayeh, MA DeMajistre, R Funsten, HO Fuselier, SA Gruntman, M Janzen, P Kubiak, MA Livadiotis, G Mobius, E Reisenfeld, DB Schwadron, NA AF McComas, D. J. Bzowski, M. Frisch, P. Crew, G. B. Dayeh, M. A. DeMajistre, R. Funsten, H. O. Fuselier, S. A. Gruntman, M. Janzen, P. Kubiak, M. A. Livadiotis, G. Moebius, E. Reisenfeld, D. B. Schwadron, N. A. TI Evolving outer heliosphere: Large-scale stability and time variations observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIND TERMINATION SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PICKUP IONS; HYDROGEN; RIBBON; MODEL; IBEX; HELIOSHEATH; HELIOPAUSE AB The first all-sky maps of Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) exhibited smoothly varying, globally distributed flux and a narrow "ribbon" of enhanced ENA emissions. In this study we compare the second set of sky maps to the first in order to assess the possibility of temporal changes over the 6 months between views of each portion of the sky. While the large-scale structure is generally stable between the two sets of maps, there are some remarkable changes that show that the heliosphere is also evolving over this short timescale. In particular, we find that (1) the overall ENA emissions coming from the outer heliosphere appear to be slightly lower in the second set of maps compared to the first, (2) both the north and south poles have significantly lower (similar to 10-15%) ENA emissions in the second set of maps compared to the first across the energy range from 0.5 to 6 keV, and (3) the "knot" in the northern portion of the ribbon in the first maps is less bright and appears to have spread and/or dissipated by the time the second set was acquired. Finally, the spatial distribution of fluxes in the southernmost portion of the ribbon has evolved slightly, perhaps moving as much as 6 degrees (one map pixel) equatorward on average. The observed large-scale stability and these systematic changes at smaller spatial scales provide important new information about the outer heliosphere and its global interaction with the galaxy and help inform possible mechanisms for producing the IBEX ribbon. C1 [McComas, D. J.; Dayeh, M. A.; Livadiotis, G.; Schwadron, N. A.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Bzowski, M.; Kubiak, M. A.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Crew, G. B.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [DeMajistre, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Frisch, P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Funsten, H. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fuselier, S. A.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Gruntman, M.] Univ So Calif, Div Astronaut Engn, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Janzen, P.; Reisenfeld, D. B.] Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Moebius, E.; Schwadron, N. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd,PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM dmccomas@swri.org RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015; Gruntman, Mike/A-5426-2008 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Gruntman, Mike/0000-0002-0830-010X FU NASA; Polish Ministry for Science and Higher Education [NS-1260-11-09] FX We thank E. C. Roelof for work on the CG effect and are deeply indebted to all of the outstanding men and women who have made the IBEX mission such a wonderful success. This work was carried out as a part of the IBEX project, with support from NASA's Explorer Program and Polish Ministry for Science and Higher Education grant NS-1260-11-09. NR 36 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A09113 DI 10.1029/2010JA015569 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 658TU UT WOS:000282513100003 ER PT J AU Hsiung, LL AF Hsiung, Luke L. TI Shock-induced phase transformation in tantalum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TUNGSTEN ALLOYS AB A TEM study of pure tantalum and tantalum-tungsten alloys explosively shocked at a peak pressure of 30 GPa is presented. While no omega phase was found in shock-recovered pure Ta and Ta-5W which mainly contain a cellular dislocation structure, a shock-induced omega phase was found in Ta-10W which contains evenly distributed dislocations with a density higher than 1 x 10(12) cm(-2). The shock-induced alpha (bcc) -> omega (hexagonal) transition occurs when the dynamic recovery of dislocations becomes largely suppressed in Ta-10W shocked under dynamic-pressure conditions. A dislocation-based mechanism is proposed for the shock-induced phase transformation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsiung, LL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-352, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hsiungl@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The author gratefully acknowledges Dr J M McNaney (LLNL) for conducting shock-recovery experiments and Dr B A Remington (LLNL) for valuable support. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 38 AR 385702 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/38/385702 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 647TS UT WOS:000281642800025 PM 21386557 ER PT J AU Cho, H de Jong, WA Sattelberger, AP Poineau, F Czerwinski, KR AF Cho, Herman de Jong, Wibe A. Sattelberger, Alfred P. Poineau, Frederic Czerwinski, Kenneth R. TI Comprehensive Solid-State NMR Characterization of Electronic Structure in Ditechnetium Heptoxide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORDER REGULAR APPROXIMATION; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TRANSITION METAL OXIDE; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS; SPECTRA; TCO4(-); TC-99; O-17 AB A relativistic density functional theory description of the electronic structure of Tc2O7 has been evaluated by comparison with solid-state Tc-99 and O-17 NMR spectroscopic data (the former isotope is a weak beta emitter). Every site in the molecule can be populated by a nucleus with favorable NMR characteristics, providing the rare opportunity to obtain a comprehensive set of chemical shift and electric field gradient tensors for a small molecular transition-metal oxide. NMR parameters were computed for the central molecule of a (Tc2O7)(17) cluster using standard ZORA-optimized all-electron QZ4P basis sets for the central molecule and DZ basis sets for the surrounding atoms. The magnitudes of the predicted tensor principal values appear to be uniformly larger than those observed experimentally, but the discrepancies were within the accuracy of the approximation methods used. The convergence of the calculated and measured NMR data suggests that the theoretical analysis has validity for the quantitative understanding of structural, magnetic, and chemical properties of Tc(VII) oxides in condensed phases. C1 [Cho, Herman] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cho, Herman] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Engn & Syst Anal Directorate, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sattelberger, Alfred P.; Poineau, Frederic; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Sattelberger, Alfred P.; Poineau, Frederic; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hm.cho@pnl.gov RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315 FU Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO-1830]; U.S. DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research, PNNL; U.S. DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001798]; U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy [DE-FC07-06ID14781] FX The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830. Part of the research was performed at the EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at PNNL. Funding for the research performed at UNLV was provided by a subcontract through the U.S. DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-SC0001798 and the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy under Contract DE-FC07-06ID14781. The authors thank Mr. Tom O'Dou (UNLV) for outstanding health physics support, Mr. Joe Gregar (Argonne) for the design of a novel Pyrex reactor used in the synthesis of Tc2O7, and Dr. Gordon Jarvinen (Los Alamos) for a generous loan of ammonium pertechnetate. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 38 BP 13138 EP 13140 DI 10.1021/ja105687j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 656CQ UT WOS:000282304000014 PM 20806889 ER PT J AU Whitford, PC Onuchic, JN Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Whitford, Paul C. Onuchic, Jose N. Sanbonmatsu, Karissa Y. TI Connecting Energy Landscapes with Experimental Rates for Aminoacyl-tRNA Accommodation in the Ribosome SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PROTEIN; DIFFUSION; RECOGNITION; MECHANISM AB Using explicit-solvent simulations of the 70S ribosome, the barrier-crossing attempt frequency was calculated for aminoacyl-tRNA elbow-accommodation. In seven individual trajectories (200-300 ns, each, for an aggregate time of 2.1 mu s), the relaxation time of tRNA structural fluctuations was determined to be similar to 10 ns, and the barrier-crossing attempt frequency of tRNA accommodation is similar to 1-10 mu s(-1). These calculations provide a quantitative relationship between the free-energy barrier and experimentally measured rates of accommodation, which demonstrate that the free-energy barrier of elbow-accommodation is less than 15 k(B) T, in vitro and in vivo. C1 [Whitford, Paul C.; Sanbonmatsu, Karissa Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Onuchic, Jose N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Theoret Biol Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Onuchic, Jose N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Whitford, PC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM whitford@lanl.gov OI Whitford, Paul/0000-0001-7104-2265 FU LANL LDRD; NIH [R01-GM072686]; NSF [PHY-0822283]; [NSF-MCB-0543906] FX This work was supported by the LANL LDRD program, NIH Grant R01-GM072686, the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, sponsored by the NSF (Grant PHY-0822283), with additional support from NSF-MCB-0543906. We are also grateful for computing time on the NMCAC Encanto Supercomputer and the LANL Roadrunner Supercomputer. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 38 BP 13170 EP 13171 DI 10.1021/ja1061399 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 656CQ UT WOS:000282304000027 PM 20806913 ER PT J AU Esser-Kahn, AP Trang, V Francis, MB AF Esser-Kahn, Aaron P. Trang, Vivian Francis, Matthew B. TI Incorporation of Antifreeze Proteins into Polymer Coatings Using Site-Selective Bioconjugation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGE; ICE; HYDROGELS; PEPTIDES; RECRYSTALLIZATION; CRYOPRESERVATION; INHIBITION; GROWTH; WATER AB The diverse functional repertoire of proteins promises to yield new materials with unprecedented capabilities, so long as versatile chemical methods are available to introduce synthetic components at specific sites on biomolecule surfaces. As a demonstration of this potential, we have used site-selective strategies to attach antifreeze proteins found in Arctic fish and insects to polymer chains. This multivalent arrangement increases the thermal hysteresis activity of the proteins and leads to materials that can be cast into thin films. The polymer protein conjugates retain the ability of the proteins to slow ice growth in subzero water and can inhibit ice formation after attachment to glass surfaces. These inexpensive materials may prove useful as coatings for device components that must function at low temperature without ice buildup. The polymer attachment also allows higher thermal hysteresis values to be achieved while using less protein, thus lowering the cost of these additives for biomedical applications. C1 [Esser-Kahn, Aaron P.; Trang, Vivian; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NSF [0449772]; NRSA [1 T32 GMO66698] FX This work was supported by the NSF (0449772) and the Berkeley Chemical Biology Graduate Program (NRSA Training Grant 1 T32 GMO66698). We thank Crystal Chan and the Berkeley Fermentation Facility, Virginia K. Walker, and Troy A. Moore for helpful discussions. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 38 BP 13264 EP 13269 DI 10.1021/ja103038p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 656CQ UT WOS:000282304000051 PM 20825180 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Xu, GY Jie, Q Lin, ZW Li, QA Chi, SX Singh, DK Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Jie, Qing Lin, Zhiwei Li, Qiang Chi, Songxue Singh, D. K. Gu, Genda Tranquada, J. M. TI Disappearance of static magnetic order and evolution of spin fluctuations in Fe1+delta SexTe1-x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; 43 K; EXCITATIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LAO1-XFXFEAS; DYNAMICS; STRIPES AB We report neutron-scattering studies on static magnetic orders and spin excitations in the Fe-based chalco-genide system Fe1+delta SexTe1-x with different Fe and Se compositions. Short-range static magnetic order with an in-plane wave vector near the (0.5.0) (using the two-Fe unit cell), together with strong low-energy magnetic excitations is found in all nonsuperconducting samples for Se doping up to 45%. When the static order disappears and bulk superconductivity emerges, the spectral weight of the magnetic excitations shifts to the region of reciprocal space near the in-plane wave vector (0.5, 0.5), corresponding to "collinear" spin correlations. Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between superconductivity and the character of the magnetic order/fluctuations in this system. Excess Fe appears to be important for stabilizing the magnetic order that competes with superconductivity. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Jie, Qing; Lin, Zhiwei; Li, Qiang; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng; Jie, Qing] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Singh, D. K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank Weiguo Yin and Wei Ku for useful discussions. Work at Brookhaven is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. J.W. and Z.X. are supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SPINS spectrometer at the NCNR is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 104525 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.104525 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 655SK UT WOS:000282269600006 ER PT J AU Wrede, C Clark, JA Deibel, CM Faestermann, T Hertenberger, R Parikh, A Wirth, HF Bishop, S Chen, AA Eppinger, K Freeman, BM Krucken, R Lepyoshkina, O Rugel, G Setoodehnia, K AF Wrede, C. Clark, J. A. Deibel, C. M. Faestermann, T. Hertenberger, R. Parikh, A. Wirth, H. -F. Bishop, S. Chen, A. A. Eppinger, K. Freeman, B. M. Kruecken, R. Lepyoshkina, O. Rugel, G. Setoodehnia, K. TI Properties of Na-20, Al-24, P-28, Cl-32, and K-36 for studies of explosive hydrogen burning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATE; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; STELLAR REACTION-RATE; ENERGY-LEVELS; BETA-DECAY; DRAGON FACILITY; RP-PROCESS; NE-19(P,GAMMA)NA-20; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CA-36 AB The radiative proton-capture reactions Ne-19(p, gamma)Na-20, Mg-23(p, gamma) Al-24, Si-27(p, gamma)P-28, S-31(p, gamma)Cl-32, and Ar-35(p, gamma)K-36 potentially influence energy generation and/or nucleosynthesis during explosive hydrogen burning in classical novae and/or type I x-ray bursts. The thermonuclear rates of these reactions are dependent on resonance energies Er = Ex - Q and strengths omega gamma. The Ne-20(He-3,t)Na-20, Mg-24(He-3,t)Al-24, Si-28(He-3,t)P-28, S-32(He-3,t)Cl-32, and Ar-36(He-3,t)K-36 reactions have been measured using a 32-MeV, He-3(2+) beam; ion-implanted carbon-foil targets developed at the University of Washington; and the Munich Q3D magnetic spectrograph. This experiment has already yielded precision mass measurements of Na-20, Al-24, P-28, and Cl-32 [ C. Wrede et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 055503 (2010)], which are used presently to constrain the corresponding (p, gamma) reaction Q values. The new Al-24 and P-28 masses resolve a discrepancy in the energy of the lowest-energy resonance in the 23Mg(p, gamma)Al-24 reaction and better constrain a direct measurement of its strength. Excitation energies in 32Cl and 36K have also been measured. An important new proton-unbound level has been found at E-x = 2196.9(7) keV in 36K and the uncertainties in 36K excitation energies have been reduced by over an order of magnitude. Using the new data on 36K, the A = 36, T = 1 triplets have been reassigned. The thermonuclear Ar-35(p, gamma)K-36 reaction rate is found to be much higher than a commonly adopted rate and this could affect energy generation in type I x-ray bursts. C1 [Wrede, C.; Freeman, B. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wrede, C.; Clark, J. A.; Deibel, C. M.] Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Clark, J. A.; Deibel, C. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Deibel, C. M.] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Faestermann, T.; Parikh, A.; Bishop, S.; Eppinger, K.; Kruecken, R.; Lepyoshkina, O.; Rugel, G.] Tech Univ Munich, Physik Dept E12, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Hertenberger, R.; Wirth, H. -F.] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, D-85784 Garching, Germany. [Chen, A. A.; Setoodehnia, K.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Chen, A. A.] Tech Univ Munich, DFG Cluster Excellence Origin & Struct Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Wrede, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-91ER40609, DE-FG02-97ER41020, DE-AC020-6CH11357]; DFG FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy under Contracts DE-FG02-91ER40609, DE-FG02-97ER41020, and DE-AC020-6CH11357 and the DFG Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" (www.universe-cluster.de). NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 035805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.035805 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 655SV UT WOS:000282270700004 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asaadi, J Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barria, P Bartos, P Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Beecher, D Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calancha, C Camarda, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carls, B Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavaliere, V Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Chwalek, T Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Corbo, M Cordelli, M Cox, CA Cox, DJ Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Deluca, C Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M d'Errico, M Di Canto, A di Giovanni, GP Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Elagin, A Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Ershaidat, N Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Frank, MJ Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Garosi, P Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Gessler, A Giagu, S Giakoumopoulou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Han, BY Han, JY Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harr, RF Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hays, C Heck, M Heinrich, J Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Hughes, RE Hurwitz, M Husemann, U Hussein, M Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeon, EJ Jha, MK Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Ketchum, W Keung, J Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, HW Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kreps, M Kroll, J Krop, D Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kurata, M Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, E Lee, HS Lee, JS Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lin, CJ Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, C Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Lovas, L Lucchesi, D Lueck, J Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lys, J Lysak, R MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis-Katsikakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Mastrandrea, P Mathis, M Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzione, A Mesropian, C Miao, T Mietlicki, D Miladinovic, N Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moed, S Moggi, N Mondragon, MN Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, MJ Morlock, J Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Nett, J Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neubauer, S Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oakes, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramanov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Peiffer, T Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TI Piacentino, G Pianori, E Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Potamianos, K Poukhov, O Prokoshin, F Pronko, A Ptohos, F Pueschel, E Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Prokoshin, F Pronko, A Ptohos, F Pueschel, E Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Renton, P Renz, M Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rodriguez, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Rutherford, B Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK 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Snihur, R. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Denis, R. St. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Strycker, G. L. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, R. Tang, J. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thome, J. Thompson, G. A. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Ttito-Guzman, P. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Tourneur, S. Trovato, M. Tsai, S. -Y. Tu, Y. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Vidal, M. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vogel, M. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wakisaka, T. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Weinelt, J. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wilbur, S. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wolfe, H. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wuerthwein, F. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanetti, A. Zeng, Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, Y. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for anomalous production of events with two photons and additional energetic objects at CDF SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; CENTRAL ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; COLLIDER DETECTOR; GAMMA PRODUCTION; ROOT-S=1.96 TEV; QCD; PYTHIA-5.7 AB We present results of a search for anomalous production of two photons together with an electron, muon, tau lepton, missing transverse energy, or jets using p (p) over bar collision data from 1.1-2.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). 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[Bellinger, J.; Carlsmith, D.; Chung, W. H.; Herndon, M.; Jha, M. K.; Nett, J.; Pondrom, L.; Pursley, J.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Shon, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Almenar, C. Cuenca; Feild, R. G.; Husemann, U.; Loginov, A.; Martin, A.; Schmidt, M. P.; Stanitzki, M.; Tipton, P.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Aaltonen, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.] Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; McNulty, R.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Tsai, S. -Y.; Wang, S. M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Zeng, Yu/C-1438-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Piacentino, Giovanni/K-3269-2015; Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/K-9209-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Simonenko, Alexander/0000-0001-6580-3638; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Vidal Marono, Miguel/0000-0002-2590-5987; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Piacentino, Giovanni/0000-0001-9884-2924; Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/0000-0003-0588-6720; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Lami, Stefano/0000-0001-9492-0147; Margaroli, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3869-0153; Group, Robert/0000-0002-4097-5254 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the World Class University Program, the National Research Foundation of Korea; the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 052005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.052005 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 655SZ UT WOS:000282271100002 ER PT J AU Almeida, LG Lee, SJ Perez, G Sterman, G Sung, I AF Almeida, Leandro G. Lee, Seung J. Perez, Gilad Sterman, George Sung, Ilmo TI Template overlap method for massive jets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATION AB We introduce a new class of infrared safe jet observables, which we refer to as template overlaps, designed to filter targeted highly-boosted particle decays from QCD jets and other background. Template overlaps are functional measures that quantify how well the energy flow of a physical jet matches the flow of a boosted partonic decay. Any region of the partonic phase space for the boosted decays defines a template. We will refer to the maximum functional overlap found this way as the template overlap. To illustrate the method, we test lowest-order templates designed to distinguish highly-boosted top and Higgs decays from backgrounds produced by event generators. For the functional overlap, we find good results with a simple construction based on a Gaussian in energy differences within angular regions surrounding the template partons. Although different event generators give different averages for our template overlaps, we find in each case excellent rejection power, especially when combined with cuts based on jet shapes. The template overlaps are capable of systematic improvement by including higher-order corrections in the template phase space. C1 [Almeida, Leandro G.; Sterman, George; Sung, Ilmo] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Almeida, Leandro G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lee, Seung J.; Perez, Gilad] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Almeida, LG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Lee, Seung/F-9911-2011 OI Lee, Seung/0000-0002-7756-0407 FU Israel Science Foundation [1087/09]; EU; National Science Foundation [PHY-0354776, PHY-0354822, PHY-0653342]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank Juan Maldacena for very stimulating discussions. We also appreciate the efforts of Steffen Schumann to provide customized Sherpa cut for high PT QCD and top jet generation. G. P. is the Shlomo and Michla Tomarin career development chair; G. P. is supported by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 1087/09), EU-FP7 Marie Curie. The work of L. A., G. S. and I. S. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, Grants No. PHY-0354776, No. PHY-0354822, and No. PHY-0653342, and the work of L. A. was also supported in part by U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 59 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. 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CA Babar Collaboration TI Exclusive production of Ds+Ds-,D-s*D-+(s)-, and D-s*D-+(s)*(-) via e(+)e(-) annihilation with initial-state radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HARD-PHOTON-EMISSION; Y(4260); BABAR AB We perform a study of exclusive production of Ds+Ds-,D-s*(+),D-s(-), and D-s*D-+(s)*- final states in initial-state radiation events from e(+)e(-) annihilations at a center-of-mass energy near 10.58 GeV, to search for charmonium 1(--) states. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 525 fb(-1) and was recorded by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II storage ring. Ds+Ds-,D-s*(+),D-s(-) and ,D-s*(+),D-s*(-) mass spectra show evidence of the known psi resonances. Limits are extracted for the branching ratios of the decays X(4260) -> D-s(()*()+) D-s(()*()-) C1 [Sanchez, P. del Amo; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Tisserand, V.] Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Tico, J. 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[Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Casarosa, G.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Casarosa, G.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Lusiani, A.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Pegna, D. Lopes; Lu, C.; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Telnov, A. V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Anulli, F.; Baracchini, E.; Cavoto, G.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Gioi, L. Li; Mazzoni, M. A.; Piredda, G.; Renga, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Sciacca, C.; Baracchini, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Renga, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Hartmann, T.; Leddig, T.; Schroeder, H.; Waldi, R.] Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Adye, T.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Emery, S.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] CEA, Irfu, SPP, Ctr Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bard, D. J.; Bartoldus, R.; Benitez, J. F.; Cartaro, C.; Convery, M. R.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Sevilla, M. Franco; Fulsom, B. G.; Gabareen, A. M.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Lindquist, B.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Muller, D. R.; Neal, H.; Nelson, S.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Santoro, V.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Sun, S.; Suzuki, K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; West, C. A.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Wulsin, H. W.; Yarritu, A. K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Chen, X. R.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sekula, S. J.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bellis, M.; Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Miyashita, T. S.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Ernst, J. A.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Guttman, N.; Soffer, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lund, P.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.; Wray, B. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Choi, H. H. F.; Hamano, K.; King, G. J.; Kowalewski, R.; Lewczuk, M. J.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Latham, T. E.; Puccio, E. M. T.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Pan, Y.; Prepost, R.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sanchez, PD (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Stracka, Simone/M-3931-2015; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Bellis, Matthew/0000-0002-6353-6043; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Stracka, Simone/0000-0003-0013-4714; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Martinelli, Maurizio/0000-0003-4792-9178; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Corwin, Luke/0000-0001-7143-3821 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Commissariat a'l'Energie Atomique; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France); Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands; Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion n (Spain); Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom); Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); Binational Science Foundation (USA-Israel); A. P. Sloan Foundation (USA) FX We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our PEP-II colleagues in achieving the excellent luminosity and machine conditions that have made this work possible. The success of this project also relies critically on the expertise and dedication of the computing organizations that support BABAR. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and the kind hospitality extended to them. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat a'l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion n (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union), the A. P. Sloan Foundation (USA), and the Binational Science Foundation (USA-Israel). NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 052004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.052004 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 655SZ UT WOS:000282271100001 ER PT J AU Callenberg, KM Choudhary, OP de Forest, GL Gohara, DW Baker, NA Grabe, M AF Callenberg, Keith M. Choudhary, Om P. de Forest, Gabriel L. Gohara, David W. Baker, Nathan A. Grabe, Michael TI APBSmem: A Graphical Interface for Electrostatic Calculations at the Membrane SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GENERALIZED BORN THEORY; ION CHANNELS; K+ CHANNEL; DIELECTRIC ENVIRONMENTS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; FREE-ENERGIES; PROTEIN; ASSOCIATION; MODEL AB Electrostatic forces are one of the primary determinants of molecular interactions. They help guide the folding of proteins, increase the binding of one protein to another and facilitate protein-DNA and protein-ligand binding. A popular method for computing the electrostatic properties of biological systems is to numerically solve the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation, and there are several easy-to-use software packages available that solve the PB equation for soluble proteins. Here we present a freely available program, called APBSmem, for carrying out these calculations in the presence of a membrane. The Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) is used as a back-end for solving the PB equation, and a Java-based graphical user interface (GUI) coordinates a set of routines that introduce the influence of the membrane, determine its placement relative to the protein, and set the membrane potential. The software Jmol is embedded in the GUI to visualize the protein inserted in the membrane before the calculation and the electrostatic potential after completing the computation. We expect that the ease with which the GUI allows one to carry out these calculations will make this software a useful resource for experimenters and computational researchers alike. Three examples of membrane protein electrostatic calculations are carried out to illustrate how to use APBSmem and to highlight the different quantities of interest that can be calculated. C1 [Callenberg, Keith M.; Choudhary, Om P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh Program Computat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [de Forest, Gabriel L.; Grabe, Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Gohara, David W.] St Louis Univ, Edward A Doisy Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, St Louis, MO USA. [Baker, Nathan A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Grabe, Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Callenberg, KM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh Program Computat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM mdgrabe@pitt.edu RI Callenberg, Keith/C-4838-2011; Baker, Nathan/A-8605-2010 OI Baker, Nathan/0000-0002-5892-6506 FU National Science Foundation [MCB0845286] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation CAREER Grant MCB0845286. M. G. is a Research Fellow of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 9 AR e12722 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0012722 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 655SI UT WOS:000282269400001 ER PT J AU Mulvihill, MJ Habas, SE Jen-La Plante, H Wan, JM Mokari, T AF Mulvihill, Martin J. Habas, Susan E. Jen-La Plante, Han Wan, Jiamin Mokari, Taleb TI Influence of Size, Shape, and Surface Coating on the Stability of Aqueous Suspensions of CdSe Nanoparticles SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; QUANTUM DOTS; SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTALS; AGGREGATION; WATER; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY AB In response to the rapid development and emerging commercialization of nanoparticles, fundamental studies concerning the fate of nanoparticles in the environment are needed. Precise control over the nanoparticle size, shape, and surface coating of cadmium selenide particles modified with thiolate ligands has been used to analyze the effects of nanoparticle design on their stability in aqueous environments. Nanoparticle stability was quantified using the concept of critical coagulation concentration (CCC) in solutions of sodium chloride. These investigations characterized the instability of the ligand coatings, which varied directly with chain length of the capping ligands. The stability of the ligand coatings were characterized as a function of time, pH, and ionic strength. Ligand dissociation has been shown to be a primary mechanism for nanoparticle aggregation when short-chain (C(2)-C(6)) ligands are used in the ligand shell. Stable nanopartiele suspensions prepared with long chain ligands (C(11)) were used to characterize nanoparticle stability as a function of size and shape. A linear relationship between particle surface area and the CCC was discovered and was found to be independent of nanoparticle shape. Quantitative analysis of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface coating demonstrated the importance of ligand stability and particle surface area for the prediction of nanoparticle stability. C1 [Mulvihill, Martin J.; Wan, Jiamin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mokari, T (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, Beer Sheva, Israel. EM mokari@bgu.ac.il RI Mulvihill, Martin/E-8009-2012; MOKARI, TALEB/F-1685-2012; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Mulvihill, Martin/0000-0002-6354-828X; FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF-00098]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was carried out under U.S. Department of Energy contract number DE-AC03-76SF-00098. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the joint BER-EPA-NSF nanoparticulate research program. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Dr. Emory Chan for the synthesis of nanoparticles. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 18 BP 5251 EP 5257 DI 10.1021/cm101262s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 650YX UT WOS:000281891900016 ER PT J AU Izzo, MG Bencivenga, F Cunsolo, A Di Fonzo, S Verbeni, R De Lorenzo, RG AF Izzo, M. G. Bencivenga, F. Cunsolo, A. Di Fonzo, S. Verbeni, R. De Lorenzo, R. Gimenez TI The single particle dynamics of iodine in the Sachs-Teller regime: An inelastic x-ray scattering study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; IMPULSE APPROXIMATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; SOLID HYDROGEN; LIQUID; STATE; ENERGY; NEON AB The high frequency dynamics of liquid iodine has been investigated by deep inelastic x-ray scattering at exchanged wave-vectors (q) ranging from 2.5 to 15 angstrom(-1). The experimental data have been analyzed in the frame of the Sachs-Teller theory of the molecular spectrum while accounting for final state corrections to the lineshape. The performed data analysis carries insights on physical quantities as relevant as the mean rototranslational kinetic energy and the mean square Laplacian of the intermolecular potential. In both cases the measured values are consistent with corresponding theoretical expectations. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3483689] C1 [Izzo, M. G.; Bencivenga, F.; Di Fonzo, S.] Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. [Cunsolo, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Verbeni, R.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [De Lorenzo, R. Gimenez] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RP Izzo, MG (reprint author), Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 Km 163-5,Area Sci Pk, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. EM acunsolo@bnl.gov RI Cunsolo, Alessandro/C-7617-2013 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 12 AR 124514 DI 10.1063/1.3483689 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660MP UT WOS:000282648000043 PM 20886957 ER PT J AU Parkhill, JA Head-Gordon, M AF Parkhill, John A. Head-Gordon, Martin TI A truncation hierarchy of coupled cluster models of strongly correlated systems based on perfect-pairing references: The singles plus doubles models SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coupled cluster calculations; dissociation; iron; water ID MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; ACTIVE SPACE REFERENCE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; INITIAL IMPLEMENTATION; ELECTRON CORRELATION; REFERENCE FORMALISM; MOLECULAR SYSTEMS; LOCAL TREATMENT; H8 MODEL; ENERGY AB Paired, active-space treatments of static correlation are augmented with additional amplitudes to produce a hierarchy of parsimonious and efficient cluster truncations that approximate the total energy. The number of parameters introduced in these models grow with system size in a tractable way: two powers larger than the static correlation model it is built upon: for instance cubic for the models built on perfect pairing, fourth order for a perfect quadruples (PQ) reference, and fifth order for the models built on perfect hextuples. These methods are called singles+doubles (SD) corrections to perfect pairing, PQ, perfect hextuples, and two variants are explored. An implementation of the SD methods is compared to benchmark results for F(2) and H(2)O dissociation problems, the H(4) and H(8) model systems, and the insertion of beryllium into hydrogen. In the cases examined even the quartic number of parameters associated with PQSD is able to provide results which meaningfully improve on coupled-cluster singles doubles (CCSD) (which also has quartic amplitudes) and compete with existing multi-reference alternatives. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3483556] C1 [Parkhill, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parkhill, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM john.parkhill@gmail.com; mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu FU Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0376SF00098]; SciDac Program FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0376SF00098, and by a grant from the SciDac Program. We would like to thank Francesco Evangelista for discussions and excellent supporting information. NR 85 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 12 AR 124102 DI 10.1063/1.3483556 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660MP UT WOS:000282648000005 PM 20886919 ER PT J AU Russell, SM Liu, DJ Kawai, M Kim, Y Thiel, PA AF Russell, Selena M. Liu, Da-Jiang Kawai, Maki Kim, Yousoo Thiel, P. A. TI Low-temperature adsorption of H2S on Ag(111) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; FACES 111 100; METAL-SURFACES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SOLID-SURFACES; WATER; ICE AB H2S forms a rich variety of structures on Ag(111) at low temperature and submonolayer coverage. The molecules decorate step edges, exist as isolated entities on terraces, and aggregate into clusters and islands, under various conditions. One type of island exhibits a (root 37x root 37)R25.3 degrees unit cell. Typically, molecules in the clusters and islands are separated by about 0.4 nm, the same as the S-S separation in crystalline H2S. Density functional theory indicates that hydrogen-bonded clusters contain two types of molecules. One is very similar to an isolated adsorbed H2S molecule, with both S-H bonds nearly parallel to the surface. The other has a S-H bond pointed toward the surface. The potential energy surface for adsorption and diffusion is very smooth. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3481481] C1 [Russell, Selena M.; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Liu, Da-Jiang; Thiel, P. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kawai, Maki; Kim, Yousoo] RIKEN, Adv Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kawai, Maki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. RP Russell, SM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM selena.m.russell@gmail.com RI Russell, Selena/C-6896-2009; Kim, Yousoo/C-6383-2008 OI Russell, Selena/0000-0001-7196-6409; FU NSF [CHE-0809472]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan; Division of Chemical Sciences, BES, U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) FX We thank James W. Evans, Gordon J. Miller, and Jakoah Brgoch for useful discussions and helpful insights. We thank Hyung-Joon Shin and Kenta Motobayashi for assistance with the experiments. The experimental component of this work was supported financially by three sources: the NSF under Grant No. CHE-0809472, a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas "Electron Transport Through a Linked Molecule in Nano-scale," and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)" Single Molecule Spectroscopy using Probe Microscope" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. The theoretical component of this work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, BES, U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE). NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 12 AR 124705 DI 10.1063/1.3481481 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660MP UT WOS:000282648000049 PM 20886963 ER PT J AU Duan, QY Phillips, TJ AF Duan, Qingyun Phillips, Thomas J. TI Bayesian estimation of local signal and noise in multimodel simulations of climate change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; AVERAGING REA METHOD; ENSEMBLE FORECASTS; AOGCM SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY RANGE; PREDICTION; RELIABILITY AB In this study, a Bayesian maximum-likelihood method is used to estimate local probability distributions of projected climate changes in continental temperature T and precipitation P under greenhouse emission scenarios of two different severity levels. These estimates are derived from multimodel climate simulations of the 20th and 21st centuries. Bayesian-weighted multimodel consensus estimates of the local climate-change signal and noise are determined from the statistical agreement of each model's simulation of historical climate with observations and of its 21st-century climate projection with suitably chosen target data. The consensus estimates of climatic changes in T are found to be universally positive and statistically significant under either future emissions scenario. In contrast, changes in P vary locally in sign, and they are statistically significant only in limited regions under the more severe scenario. The impacts of jointly considering more than one variable or statistical parameter on the Bayesian estimation of 21st-century climate change also are explored. The multivariate approach allows estimation of a probability distribution of the joint projected climate change in T and P, while inclusion of both first-and second-moment statistics of either variable results in a greater differentiation of the Bayesian weights and a general enhancement of the local signal-noise ratio. C1 [Duan, Qingyun] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Phillips, Thomas J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Duan, QY (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, 19 Xinjiekou Wai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM qyduan@bnu.edu.cn RI Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011 OI Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Research Program [S2009041002]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; University of California Office of the President Laboratory [L12424] FX Q.D. wishes to acknowledge the support provided by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Research Program (grant S2009041002). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and the University of California Office of the President Laboratory Management Fees Project L12424. The authors gratefully acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3), the Climate Simulation Panel for organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for technical support. We extend our sincere thanks to several anonymous reviewers whose constructive recommendations motivated an enhancement of both the content and readability of the paper. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18123 DI 10.1029/2009JD013654 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RJ UT WOS:000282506800005 ER PT J AU Gettelman, A Liu, X Ghan, SJ Morrison, H Park, S Conley, AJ Klein, SA Boyle, J Mitchell, DL Li, JLF AF Gettelman, A. Liu, X. Ghan, S. J. Morrison, H. Park, S. Conley, A. J. Klein, S. A. Boyle, J. Mitchell, D. L. Li, J. -L. F. TI Global simulations of ice nucleation and ice supersaturation with an improved cloud scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHASE STRATIFORM CLOUDS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; VERSION-3 CAM3; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ARCTIC CLOUD; WATER-VAPOR; PART II; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY AB A process-based treatment of ice supersaturation and ice nucleation is implemented in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). The new scheme is designed to allow (1) supersaturation with respect to ice, (2) ice nucleation by aerosol particles, and (3) ice cloud cover consistent with ice microphysics. The scheme is implemented with a two-moment microphysics code and is used to evaluate ice cloud nucleation mechanisms and supersaturation in CAM. The new model is able to reproduce field observations of ice mass and mixed phase cloud occurrence better than previous versions. The model is able to reproduce observed patterns and frequency of ice supersaturation. Simulations indicate homogeneous freezing of sulfate and heterogeneous freezing on dust are both important ice nucleation mechanisms, in different regions. Simulated cloud forcing and climate is sensitive to different formulations of the ice microphysics. Arctic surface radiative fluxes are sensitive to the parameterization of ice clouds. These results indicate that ice clouds are potentially an important part of understanding cloud forcing and potential cloud feedbacks, particularly in the Arctic. C1 [Gettelman, A.; Morrison, H.; Park, S.; Conley, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liu, X.; Ghan, S. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Klein, S. A.; Boyle, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Mitchell, D. L.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Li, J. -L. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gettelman, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew@ucar.edu RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X FU National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Science and Technology Center for MultiScale Modeling of Atmospheric; Colorado State University [ATM-0425247] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF). H. Morrison is partially supported by the NSF Science and Technology Center for MultiScale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. Support for S. A. Klein and J. S. Boyle was provided by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement and Climate Change Prediction Programs of the Office of Science at the U. S. Department of Energy. The contribution of S. A. Klein and J. S. Boyle to this work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Amy Solomon is thanked for providing selected M-PACE cloud property retrieval data. X. Liu and S. J. Ghan were funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program and by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. A. Conley was supported by the SciDAC project from the Department of Energy. We thank J. Kay, S. Massie, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 85 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18216 DI 10.1029/2009JD013797 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RJ UT WOS:000282506800006 ER PT J AU Li, FY Ginoux, P Ramaswamy, V AF Li, Fuyu Ginoux, Paul Ramaswamy, V. TI Transport of Patagonian dust to Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ICE CORE; DOME-C; CLIMATE; VOSTOK AB The transport of Patagonian dust to Antarctica is investigated by using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Atmospheric Model with online aerosol, in combination with trajectory analysis and satellite observations. The southern coastal region of northern Patagonia and the San Julian's Great depression are identified as major sources in Patagonia. Trajectory analysis indicates that only 13%-20% of air masses from Patagonia reach Antarctica within 10 days, with 1/4 and 3/4 going to West and East Antarctica, respectively. Almost twice as many trajectories from the San Julian's Great Depression reach Antarctica compared to the more northern Patagonian source. It takes similar to 7 days for Patagonian dust to be transported to East Antarctica, and 4-5 days to West Antarctica. The transport to East Antarctica is driven by the low-pressure systems moving eastward in the subpolar low-pressure zone, whereas a dust event going directly southward to West Antarctica typically happens when a high-pressure system blocks the depressions moving through the Drake Passage. Demonstrating these features, respectively, by following the journey of two typical dust plumes from Patagonia to East and West Antarctica, this study clarifies how climatic factors may affect the amount of dust reaching the Antarctic surface. C1 [Ginoux, Paul; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Li, Fuyu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Li, FY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fli@lbl.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Li, Fuyu/B-9055-2013 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; FU NASA [NESSF07] FX This work is supported by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF07). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of HYSPLIT and/or the READY Web site (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this publication. We thank the reviewers who helped to improve the quality of this paper. We acknowledge the mission scientists and principal investigators who provided the satellite data used in this research effort. CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) via online Web orders. MODIS and OMI data were obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D18217 DI 10.1029/2009JD012356 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RJ UT WOS:000282506800001 ER PT J AU Nedoma, AJ Lai, P Jackson, A Robertson, ML Balsara, NP AF Nedoma, Alisyn J. Lai, Peggy Jackson, Andrew Robertson, Megan L. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Phase Behavior of Off-Critical A/B/A-C Blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID COPOLYMER-HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TERNARY POLYMER BLENDS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK-COPOLYMER; REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS; BICONTINUOUS MICROEMULSIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COPOLYMER/HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study the phase behavior of A/B/A-C blends wherein A and B were immiscible homopolymers and A-C was an amphiphilic diblock copolymer. A series of blends were prepared with a fixed diblock copolymer volume fraction of 0.40, and the volume fraction of A homopolymer was varied from 0.1 to 0.5. All blends exhibited the same quantitative phase behavior despite differences in blend composition: lamellae below 115 degrees C and macrophase separation above 122 degrees C. Least-squares fits of the SANS data below 115 degrees C were used to extract information about the A-rich and B-rich lamellae using a model for randomly oriented lamellae developed by Hosemann and Bagchi. Our approach explicitly accounts for the concentration fluctuations within the lamellae using the random phase approximation. The results of the analysis were found to agree with predictions calculated using self-consistent-field theory (SCFT) with no adjustable parameters. The experimentally determined transitions from lamellae to macrophase separation were also in good agreement with SCFT. Calculations based on multicomponent RPA predicted a small homogeneous window that was not experimentally observed in any of the blends studied. C1 [Nedoma, Alisyn J.; Lai, Peggy; Robertson, Megan L.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Nedoma, Alisyn/0000-0002-3537-2846 FU Tyco Fellowship; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We acknowledge The Dow Chemical Company for providing the primary support for this work and Dr. T. H. Kalanthar for guidance and helpful discussions. A.J.N, was also supported by the Tyco Fellowship. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 18 BP 7852 EP 7859 DI 10.1021/ma101250e PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 650VX UT WOS:000281883000057 ER PT J AU McGuire, MA Sefat, AS Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF McGuire, Michael A. Sefat, Athena S. Sales, Brian C. Mandrus, David TI Iron substitution in NdCoAsO: Crystal structure and magnetic phase diagram SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AB The effects of replacing small amounts of Co with Fe in NdCoAsO are reported. Polycrystalline materials with compositions NdCo(1-x)Fe(x)AsO (x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) are studied and the results compared to previous reports for NdCoAsO. Rietveld analysis of powder x-ray diffraction data shows that as Fe replaces Co on the transition metal (T) site, the T-As distance increases, and the As tetrahedra surrounding the T site become more regular. Electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements indicate that the three magnetic phase transitions in NdCoAsO are suppressed as Co is replaced by Fe, and these transitions are not observed above 1.8 K for x=0.20. Based on these results, the magnetic phase diagram for the Co-rich side of the NdCoAsO-NdFeAsO system is constructed. C1 [McGuire, Michael A.; Sefat, Athena S.; Sales, Brian C.; Mandrus, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McGuire, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Research sponsored by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 092404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.092404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 654ZU UT WOS:000282211100001 ER PT J AU Carena, M Ponton, E Zurita, J AF Carena, Marcela Ponton, Eduardo Zurita, Jose TI Beyond the MSSM Higgs bosons at the Tevatron and the LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; BENCHMARK SCENARIOS; HADRON COLLIDERS; PHYSICS; SEARCH; QCD; PHENOMENOLOGY; UNIFICATION; COLLISIONS; EXTENSION AB We study extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with new degrees of freedom that couple sizably to the MSSM Higgs sector and lie in the TeV range. After integrating out the physics at the TeV scale, the resulting Higgs spectrum can significantly differ from typical supersymmetric scenarios, thereby providing a window beyond the MSSM (BMSSM). Taking into account current LEP and Tevatron constraints, we perform an in-depth analysis of the Higgs collider phenomenology and explore distinctive characteristics of our scenario with respect to both the standard model and the MSSM. We propose benchmark scenarios to illustrate specific features of BMSSM Higgs searches at the Tevatron and the LHC. C1 [Carena, Marcela] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Carena, Marcela] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ponton, Eduardo] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Zurita, Jose] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Carena, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Ponton, Eduardo/I-4125-2013 OI Ponton, Eduardo/0000-0003-3138-1136 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; DOE [DE-FG02-92ER40699]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200020-126691] FX We would like to thank Oliver Brein and Karina Williams for making an unofficial version of the HiggsBounds code available to us, and for the help provided. J.Z. would like to thank the Theory Division of Fermilab for hospitality during the final stages of this work. Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. E.P. is supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-92ER40699. The work of J.Z. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under Contract No. 200020-126691. NR 65 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 055025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.055025 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 655AW UT WOS:000282214400003 ER PT J AU Lisanti, M Wacker, JG AF Lisanti, Mariangela Wacker, Jay G. TI Parity violation in composite inelastic dark matter models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RECOIL; DETECTOR; LIMITS; ANNIHILATION; PARTICLES; DAMA/NAI; SEARCH; HALO AB Recent experimental results indicate that the dark matter sector may have a nonminimal structure with a spectrum of states and interactions. Inelastic scattering has received particular attention in light of DAMA's annual modulation signal. Composite inelastic dark matter (CiDM) provides a dynamical origin for the mass splittings in inelastic dark matter models. We show that higher dimensional operators in the CiDM Lagrangian lead to an admixture of inelastic and elastic scattering in the presence of parity violation. This scenario is consistent with direct detection experiments, even when parity violation is nearly maximal. We present an effective field theory description of such models and discuss the constraints from direct detection experiments. The CiDM model with parity violation has nontrivial phenomenology because of the multiple scattering channels that are allowed. C1 [Lisanti, Mariangela; Wacker, Jay G.] SLAC, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lisanti, M (reprint author), SLAC, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics; NSF FX We thank Philip Schuster for numerous illuminating discussions and thank Rouven Essig for providing the experimental limits on the mAd - is an element of plane. We also thank Spencer Chang, Graham Kribs, Tuhin Roy, Aaron Pierce, Neal Weiner, Matt Reece, Natalia Toro, and Liam Fitzpatrick for useful discussions. M.L. and J.G.W. are supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 and receive partial support from the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. M.L. is supported by the NSF. J.G.W. is partially supported by the U.S. DOE. NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 055023 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.055023 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 655AW UT WOS:000282214400002 ER PT J AU Dai, Q Shan, QF Wang, J Chhajed, S Cho, J Schubert, EF Crawford, MH Koleske, DD Kim, MH Park, Y AF Dai, Qi Shan, Qifeng Wang, Jing Chhajed, Sameer Cho, Jaehee Schubert, E. Fred Crawford, Mary H. Koleske, Daniel D. Kim, Min-Ho Park, Yongjo TI Carrier recombination mechanisms and efficiency droop in GaInN/GaN light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We model the carrier recombination mechanisms in GaInN/GaN light-emitting diodes as R=An + Bn-2 + Cn(3) + f(n), where f(n) represents carrier leakage out of the active region. The term f(n) is expanded into a power series and shown to have higher-than-third-order contributions to the recombination. The total third-order nonradiative coefficient (which may include an f(n) leakage contribution and an Auger contribution) is found to be 8 x 10(-29) cm(6) s(-1). Comparison of the theoretical ABC + f(n) model with experimental data shows that a good fit requires the inclusion of the f(n) term. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3493654] C1 [Dai, Qi; Shan, Qifeng; Wang, Jing; Chhajed, Sameer; Cho, Jaehee; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Dai, Qi; Shan, Qifeng; Wang, Jing; Chhajed, Sameer; Cho, Jaehee; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Crawford, Mary H.; Koleske, Daniel D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kim, Min-Ho; Park, Yongjo] Samsung LED, R&D Inst, Suwon 443743, South Korea. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM efschubert@rpi.edu RI Cho, Jaehee/H-3506-2013 OI Cho, Jaehee/0000-0002-8794-3487 FU USDOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Lockheed Martin Co. [AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia authors and Q.D., Q.S., J.W., S.C., and J.C. were supported by Sandia's Solid-State Lighting Science Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the USDOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Co., for the USDOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 17 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 13 AR 133507 DI 10.1063/1.3493654 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657UU UT WOS:000282443800087 ER PT J AU Oliva, P Carpinelli, M Golosio, B Delogu, P Endrizzi, M Park, J Pogorelsky, I Yakimenko, V Williams, O Rosenzweig, J AF Oliva, P. Carpinelli, M. Golosio, B. Delogu, P. Endrizzi, M. Park, J. Pogorelsky, I. Yakimenko, V. Williams, O. Rosenzweig, J. TI Quantitative evaluation of single-shot inline phase contrast imaging using an inverse compton x-ray source SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; BEAMS AB Inverse compton scattering (ICS) x-ray sources are of current interest in biomedical imaging. We present an experimental demonstration of inline phase contrast imaging using a single picosecond pulse of the ICS source located at the BNL Accelerator Test Facility. The phase contrast effect is clearly observed. Its qualities are shown to be in agreement with the predictions of theoretical models through comparison of experimental and simulated images of a set of plastic wires of differing composition and size. Finally, we display an application of the technique to a biological sample, confirming the possibility of time-resolved imaging on the picosecond scale. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3491430] C1 [Oliva, P.; Carpinelli, M.; Golosio, B.] Univ Sassari, Struttura Dipartimentale Matemat & Fis, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Oliva, P.; Carpinelli, M.; Golosio, B.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy. [Delogu, P.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Delogu, P.; Endrizzi, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Endrizzi, M.] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Fis, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Park, J.; Pogorelsky, I.; Yakimenko, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Williams, O.; Rosenzweig, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Oliva, P (reprint author), Univ Sassari, Struttura Dipartimentale Matemat & Fis, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. EM oliva@uniss.it RI Oliva, Piernicola/E-5839-2012; Delogu, Pasquale/J-3141-2012; Endrizzi, Marco/O-7463-2015; OI Endrizzi, Marco/0000-0002-7810-2301; Golosio, Bruno/0000-0001-5144-6932; Oliva, Piernicola/0000-0002-9446-3967 FU U.S. DOE BES [DE-FG02-07ER46272]; U.S. DOE HEP [DE-FG03-92ER40693]; ONR [N000140810463] FX We would like to acknowledge K. Kusche, M. Babzien, and D. Davis for their help during the acquisition of the experimental data. This work was partially supported by U.S. DOE BES under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46272, U.S. DOE HEP under Grant DE-FG03-92ER40693, and ONR under Grant Award No. N000140810463. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 13 AR 134104 DI 10.1063/1.3491430 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 657UU UT WOS:000282443800098 ER PT J AU Lin, BV Urayama, S Saroufeem, RMG Matthews, DL Demos, SG AF Lin, Bevin Urayama, Shiro Saroufeem, Ramez M. G. Matthews, Dennis L. Demos, Stavros G. TI Characterizing the origin of autofluorescence in human esophageal epithelium under ultraviolet excitation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS; IN-VIVO; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CANCER; DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS AB The autofluorescence under ultraviolet excitation arising from normal squamous and columnar esophageal mucosa is investigated using multispectral microscopy. The results suggest that the autofluorescence signal arises from the superficial tissue layer due to the short penetration depth of the ultraviolet excitation. As a result, visualization of esophageal epithelial cells and their organization can be attained using wide-field autofluorescence microscopy. Our results show tryptophan to be the dominant source of emission under 266 nm excitation, while emission from NADH and collagen are dominant under 355 nm excitation. The analysis of multispectral microscopy images reveals that tryptophan offers the highest image contrast due to its non-uniform distribution in the sub-cellular matrix. This technique can simultaneously provide functional and structural imaging of the microstructure using only the intrinsic tissue fluorophores. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Lin, Bevin; Matthews, Dennis L.; Demos, Stavros G.] Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Lin, Bevin; Matthews, Dennis L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Urayama, Shiro] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Saroufeem, Ramez M. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lin, BV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, 4800 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM b.lin@cbst.ucdavis.edu FU Center for Biophotonics, NSF Science and Technology Center [PHY 0120999]; U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This research is supported by funding from the Center for Biophotonics, an NSF Science and Technology Center, is managed by the University of California, Davis, under Cooperative Agreement No. PHY 0120999. This work was performed in part at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. We would like to thank Professor Brian Wilson for stimulating discussions. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 20 BP 21074 EP 21082 DI 10.1364/OE.18.021074 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 673QX UT WOS:000283679200054 PM 20941003 ER PT J AU Ho, HA Dunne, JF Ellern, A Sadow, AD AF Ho, Hung-An Dunne, James F. Ellern, Arkady Sadow, Aaron D. TI Reactions of Tris(oxazolinyl)phenylborato Rhodium(I) with C-X (X = Cl, Br, OTf) Bonds: Stereoselective Intermolecular Oxidative Addition SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INDUCED KAPPA(2)-KAPPA(3) ISOMERIZATION; ENANTIOSELECTIVE ALLYLIC AMINATION; CP'-P LIGAND; H ACTIVATION; TRIS(PYRAZOLYL)BORATE LIGANDS; ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS; THREEFOLD SYMMETRY; IRIDIUM CATALYST; KEY INTERMEDIATE AB The achiral and enantiopure chiral compounds To(M)Rh(CO)(2) (3) and To(P)Rh(CO)(2) (4) (To(M) = tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate; To(P) = tris(4S-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate) were prepared to investigate stereoselective oxidative addition reactions and develop new catalytic enantioselective bond functionalization and cross-coupling chemistry. Reactivity at the rhodium center is first shown by the substitution of the carbonyl ligands in 3 and 4 in the presence of the appropriate ligand; thus treatment of To(M)Rh(CO)(2) with P(OMe)(3) provides To(M)Rh(CO)[P(OMe)(3)] (5). However, reaction of To(M)Rh(CO)(2) and MeOTf (Tf = SO(2)CF(3)) affords the complex [{N-Me-kappa(2)-To(M)[Rh(CO)(2)]OTf (6), resulting from N-oxazoline methylation rather than oxidative addition to rhodium(I). In contrast, To(M)Rh(CO)(2) reacts with allyl bromide and chloroform, forming the rhodium(III) species (kappa(3)-To(M))Rh(eta(1)-C(3)H(5))Br(CO) (7) and (kappa(3)-To(M))Rh(CHCI(2))CI(CO) (8), respectively. Interestingly, the chiral To(P)Rh(CO)(2), and CHCI(3) react to give one diastereomer of (kappa(3)-To(P))-Rh(CHCI(2))CI(CO) (9; 100:3 dr) almost exclusively. To evaluate the reactivity of these rhodium(I) compounds, the carbonyl stretching frequencies have been examined. The data for the mono- and trivalent rhodium oxazolinylborate compounds indicate that the electron-donating ability of [To(M)](-) is slightly greater than that of [To(P)](-), and both ligands provide electronic environments that can be compared to the tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand family. C1 [Sadow, Aaron D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sadow, AD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sadow@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We thank Prof. Robert Angelici for helpful discussions and Dr. Bruce Fulton for help with NMR experiments. The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science (DE-AC02-07CH11358), is acknowledged for generous financial support. A.D.S. is an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 18 BP 4105 EP 4114 DI 10.1021/om100515u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 650EK UT WOS:000281831800015 ER PT J AU Joglekar, YN Scott, D Babbey, M Saxena, A AF Joglekar, Yogesh N. Scott, Derek Babbey, Mark Saxena, Avadh TI Robust and fragile PT-symmetric phases in a tight-binding chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; OBSERVABILITY; HAMILTONIANS; SPECTRA AB We study the phase diagram of a parity- and time-reversal- (PT-) symmetric tight-binding chain with N sites and hopping energy J in the presence of two impurities with imaginary potentials +/- i gamma located at arbitrary (P-symmetric) positions (m,(m) over bar = N + 1 - m) on the chain where m <= N/2. We find that except in the two special cases where impurities are either the farthest or the closest, the PT-symmetric region is algebraically fragile. We analytically and numerically obtain the critical impurity potential gamma(PT) and show that gamma(PT) alpha 1/N -> 0 as N -> infinity except in the two special cases. When the PT symmetry is spontaneously broken, we find that the maximum number of complex eigenvalues is given by 2m. When the two impurities are the closest, we show that gamma(PT) in the limit N -> infinity approaches J (J/2) provided that N is even (odd). For an even N, the PT symmetry is maximally broken, whereas for an odd N, it is sequentially broken. Our results show that the phase diagram of a PT-symmetric tight-binding chain is extremely rich and that, in the continuum limit, this model may give rise to hitherto unexplored PT-symmetric Hamiltonians. C1 [Joglekar, Yogesh N.; Scott, Derek; Babbey, Mark] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Saxena, Avadh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Joglekar, YN (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM yojoglek@iupui.edu NR 18 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 030103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.030103 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 654KM UT WOS:000282167200001 ER PT J AU Ren, X Senftleben, A Pfluger, T Dorn, A Colgan, J Pindzola, MS Al-Hagan, O Madison, DH Bray, I Fursa, DV Ullrich, J AF Ren, X. Senftleben, A. Pflueger, T. Dorn, A. Colgan, J. Pindzola, M. S. Al-Hagan, O. Madison, D. H. Bray, I. Fursa, D. V. Ullrich, J. TI Tracing multiple scattering patterns in absolute (e,2e) cross sections for H-2 and He over a 4 pi solid angle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; PERPENDICULAR PLANE; HELIUM; ENERGY; COLLISIONS AB Absolutely normalized (e,2e) measurements for H-2 and He covering the full solid angle of one ejected electron are presented for 16 eV sum energy of both final state continuum electrons. For both targets rich cross-section structures in addition to the binary and recoil lobes are identified and studied as a function of the fixed electron's emission angle and the energy sharing among both electrons. For H-2 their behavior is consistent with multiple scattering of the projectile as discussed before [Al-Hagan et al., Nature Phys. 5, 59 (2009)]. For He the binary and recoil lobes are significantly larger than for H-2 and partly cover the multiple scattering structures. To highlight these patterns we propose a alternative representation of the triply differential cross section. Nonperturbative calculations are in good agreement with the He results and show discrepancies for H-2 in the recoil peak region. For H-2 a perturbative approach reasonably reproduces the cross-section shape but deviates in absolute magnitude. C1 [Ren, X.; Senftleben, A.; Pflueger, T.; Dorn, A.; Ullrich, J.] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Colgan, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pindzola, M. S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Al-Hagan, O.; Madison, D. H.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Bray, I.; Fursa, D. V.] Curtin Univ, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Ren, X (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Fursa, Dmitry/C-2301-2009; Bray, Igor/B-8586-2009; OI Fursa, Dmitry/0000-0002-3951-9016; Bray, Igor/0000-0001-7554-8044; Senftleben, Arne/0000-0003-0932-9892 FU DFG [RE 2966/1-1]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0757749]; Texas Advanced Computing Center [TG-MCA07S029]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX X.R. is grateful for support from DFG Project No. RE 2966/1-1. The work of O.A. and D.H.M. was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY-0757749) and TeraGrid resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center (Grant No. TG-MCA07S029). The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 032712 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.032712 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 654KM UT WOS:000282167200011 ER PT J AU De Moor, E Fojer, C Penning, J Clarke, AJ Speer, JG AF De Moor, Emmanuel Fojer, Cecilia Penning, Jan Clarke, Amy J. Speer, John G. TI Calorimetric study of carbon partitioning from martensite into austenite steel SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RETAINED AUSTENITE; BAINITE FORMATION; TRIP STEELS; KINETICS; TRANSFORMATION; IRON; QUENCH AB Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) has been developed as a novel steel heat treatment to produce advanced high-strength microstructures consisting of a martensitic matrix containing significant amounts of retained austenite. Austenite stabilization is hypothesized to result from decarburization of the martensite and transport into the austenite. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to study Q&P microstructures. Two exothermic events were observed when heating a Q& P sample from room temperature to 600 C. An activation energy suggesting a mechanism controlled by carbon diffusion in bcc iron is obtained for the first peak which is believed to be associated with carbon partitioning. The second peak is believed to be associated with austenite decomposition. C1 [De Moor, Emmanuel; Speer, John G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [De Moor, Emmanuel; Penning, Jan] Univ Ghent, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. [Fojer, Cecilia] ArcelorMittal, OCAS NV, ArcelorMittal Res Ind Gent, B-9060 Zelzate, Belgium. [Clarke, Amy J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP De Moor, E (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI de moor, emmanuel/E-9373-2012 OI de moor, emmanuel/0000-0001-6538-1121 FU Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen); Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, Colorado School of Mines FX This research was funded by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). The support of the sponsors of the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, an industry/university cooperative research center at the Colorado School of Mines is gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 104210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.104210 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 654KV UT WOS:000282168100005 ER PT J AU Geyer, J Fernandes, RM Kogan, VG Schmalian, J AF Geyer, Jani Fernandes, Rafael M. Kogan, V. G. Schmalian, Joerg TI Interface energy of two-band superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GINZBURG-LANDAU THEORY; MGB2; YNI2B2C; STATE; BORON; GAPS AB Using the Ginzburg-Landau theory for two-band superconductors, we determine the surface energy sigma(s) between coexisting normal and superconducting states at the thermodynamic critical magnetic field. Close to the transition temperature, where the Ginzburg-Landau theory is applicable, we demonstrate that the two-band problem maps onto an effective single band problem. While the order parameters of the two bands may have different amplitudes in the homogeneous bulk, near T(c) the Josephson-type coupling between the bands leads to the same spatial dependence of both order parameters near the interface. This finding puts into question the possibility of intermediate, so-called type-1.5 superconductivity, in the regime where the Ginzburg-Landau theory applies. C1 [Geyer, Jani; Fernandes, Rafael M.; Kogan, V. G.; Schmalian, Joerg] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Geyer, Jani; Fernandes, Rafael M.; Kogan, V. G.; Schmalian, Joerg] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Geyer, Jani] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Phys, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Geyer, Jani] Natl Inst Theoret Phys, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa. RP Geyer, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Fernandes, Rafael/E-9273-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DMSE; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Harry Crossley Foundation; NITheP FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DMSE. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. J.G. acknowledges support by the Harry Crossley Foundation as well as NITheP. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 104521 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.104521 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 654KV UT WOS:000282168100009 ER PT J AU Vidmar, L Bonca, J Trugman, SA AF Vidmar, Lev Bonca, Janez Trugman, Stuart A. TI Emergence of states in the phonon spectral function of the Holstein polaron below and above the one-phonon continuum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-CRYSTAL MODEL; ONE-DIMENSION; ELECTRON; BAND AB We investigate the low-energy properties of the Holstein polaron through calculation of the q-dependent phonon spectral function using an improved exact-diagonalization technique, defined over a variational Hilbert space. We perform a comprehensive study of the low-energy excitations of the polaron. Beside the energy range, where the additional phonon excitation is unbound, we observe separate coherent peaks which correspond to bound and antibound states of a polaron and additional phonon quanta. These novel states can be observed for intermediate and strong electron-phonon coupling strengths, as well as below and above the unbound one-phonon excitation spectrum. A detailed investigation of their properties is presented. We find good agreement between the phonon spectral function obtained from the first-order strong-coupling perturbation theory and numerical results. C1 [Vidmar, Lev; Bonca, Janez] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Bonca, Janez] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Trugman, Stuart A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vidmar, L (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RI Vidmar, Lev/J-2464-2014; OI Trugman, Stuart/0000-0002-6688-7228 FU SRA [P1-0044] FX We acknowledge stimulating discussions with O. S. Barisic, T. Tohyama, and A. Ramsak. J.B. acknowledges financial support of the SRA under Grant No. P1-0044. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 104304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.104304 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 654KV UT WOS:000282168100006 ER PT J AU Navratil, P Roth, R Quaglioni, S AF Navratil, Petr Roth, Robert Quaglioni, Sofia TI Ab initio many-body calculations of nucleon scattering on He-4, Li-7, Be-7, C-12, and O-16 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-NUCLEI; SHELL-MODEL; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER; ENERGY-LEVELS; PHASE SHIFTS; S-FACTOR; POLARIZATION; PREDICTIONS AB We combine a recently developed ab initio many-body approach capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states, the ab initio no-core shell model/resonating-group method (NCSM/RGM), with an importance-truncation scheme for the cluster eigenstate basis and demonstrate its applicability to nuclei with mass numbers as high as 17. By using soft similarity renormalization-group-evolved chiral nucleon-nucleon interactions, we first calculate nucleon-He-4 phase shifts, cross sections, and analyzing powers. Next, we investigate nucleon scattering on Li-7, Be-7, C-12, and O-16 in coupled-channel NCSM/RGM calculations that include low-lying excited states of these nuclei. We check the convergence of phase shifts with the basis size and study A = 8, 13, and 17 bound and unbound states. Our calculations predict low-lying resonances in Li-8 and B-8 that have not been experimentally clearly identified yet. We are able to reproduce reasonably well the structure of the A = 13 low-lying states. However, we find that A = 17 states cannot be described without an improved treatment of O-16 one-particle-one-hole excitations and alpha clustering. C1 [Navratil, Petr; Quaglioni, Sofia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Roth, Robert] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Navratil, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Roth, Robert/B-6502-2008 FU US DOE/SC/NP [SCW0498]; LLNL LDRD [PLS-09-ERD-020]; US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-07ER41457]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 634]; Helmholtz International Center for FAIR FX Numerical calculations have been performed at the LLNL LC facilities and at the NIC, Julich. Prepared in part by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the US DOE/SC/NP (Work Proposal No. SCW0498), LLNL LDRD Grant No. PLS-09-ERD-020, and from the US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41457 is acknowledged. This work is supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Contract No. SFB 634 and by the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR within the framework of the LOEWE program launched by the State of Hesse. NR 78 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 034609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.034609 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 654LL UT WOS:000282169700003 ER PT J AU Adare, A Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Bataineh, H Alexander, J Aoki, K Aramaki, Y Atomssa, ET Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, B Babintsev, V Bai, M Baksay, G Baksay, L Barish, KN Bassalleck, B Basye, AT Bathe, S Baublis, V Baumann, C Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Belmont, R Bennett, R Berdnikov, A Berdnikov, Y Bickley, AA Bok, JS Boyle, K Brooks, ML Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Butsyk, S Camacho, CM Campbell, S Chen, CH Chi, CY Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Christiansen, P Chujo, T Chung, P Chvala, O Cianciolo, V Citron, Z Cole, BA Connors, M Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Dahms, T Dairaku, S Danchev, I Das, K Datta, A David, G Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dion, A Donadelli, M Drapier, O Drees, A Drees, KA Durham, JM Durum, A Dutta, D Edwards, S Efremenko, YV Ellinghaus, F Engelmore, T Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Fadem, B Fields, DE Finger, M Finger, M Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fujiwara, K Fukao, Y Fusayasu, T Garishvili, I Glenn, A Gong, H Gonin, M Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gunji, T Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hahn, KI Hamagaki, H Hamblen, J Hanks, J Han, R Hartouni, EP Haslum, E Hayano, R Heffner, M Hegyi, S Hemmick, TK Hester, T He, X Hill, JC Hohlmann, M Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Horaguchi, T Hornback, D Huang, S Ichihara, T Ichimiya, R Ide, J Ikeda, Y Imai, K Inaba, M Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Isobe, T Issah, M Isupov, A Ivanischev, D Jacak, BV Jia, J Jin, J Johnson, BM Joo, KS Jouan, D Jumper, DS Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kamin, J Kang, JH Kapustinsky, J Karatsu, K Kawall, D Kawashima, M Kazantsev, AV Kempel, T Khanzadeev, A Kijima, KM Kim, BI Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, EJ Kim, E Kim, SH Kim, YJ Kinney, E Kiriluk, K Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kochenda, L Komkov, B Konno, M Koster, J Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kral, A Kravitz, A Kunde, GJ Kurita, K Kurosawa, M Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lai, YS Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Lee, DM Lee, J Lee, KB Lee, K Lee, KS Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Leitner, E Lenzi, B Liebing, P Levy, LAL Liska, T Litvinenko, A Liu, H Liu, MX Li, X Love, B Luechtenborg, R Lynch, D Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Malik, MD Manko, VI Mannel, E Mao, Y Masui, H Matathias, F McCumber, M McGaughey, PL Means, N Meredith, B Miake, Y Mignerey, AC Mikes, P Miki, K Milov, A Mishra, M Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morino, Y Morreale, A Morrison, DP Moukhanova, TV Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Naglis, M Nagy, MI Nakagawa, I Nakamiya, Y Nakamura, T Nakano, K Newby, J Nguyen, M Nouicer, R Nyanin, AS O'Brien, E Oda, SX Ogilvie, CA Okada, K Oka, M Onuki, Y Oskarsson, A Ouchida, M Ozawa, K Pak, R Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, IH Park, J Park, SK Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Peressounko, DY Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Proissl, M Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qu, H Rak, J Rakotozafindrabe, A Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Richardson, E Roach, D Roche, G Rolnick, SD Rosati, M Rosen, CA Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rukoyatkin, P Ruzicka, P Sahlmueller, B Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakashita, K Samsonov, V Sano, S Sato, T Sawada, S Sedgwick, K Seele, J Seidl, R Semenov, AY Seto, R Sharma, D Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Shoji, K Shukla, P Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Silvestre, C Sim, KS Singh, BK Singh, CP Singh, V Slunecka, M Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Sparks, NA Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sukhanov, A Sziklai, J Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanabe, R Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarafdar, S Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Themann, H Thomas, TL Togawa, M Toia, A Tomasek, L Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Vale, C Valle, H van Hecke, HW Vazquez-Zambrano, E Veicht, A Velkovska, J Vertesi, R Vinogradov, AA Virius, M Vrba, V Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, D Watanabe, K Watanabe, Y Wei, F Wei, R Wessels, J White, SN Winter, D Wood, JP Woody, CL Wright, RM Wysocki, M Xie, W Yamaguchi, YL Yamaura, K Yang, R Yanovich, A Ying, J Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Younus, I You, Z Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L AF Adare, A. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Bataineh, H. Alexander, J. Aoki, K. Aramaki, Y. Atomssa, E. T. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, B. Babintsev, V. Bai, M. Baksay, G. Baksay, L. Barish, K. N. Bassalleck, B. Basye, A. T. Bathe, S. Baublis, V. Baumann, C. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Belmont, R. Bennett, R. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikov, Y. Bickley, A. A. Bok, J. S. Boyle, K. Brooks, M. L. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Butsyk, S. Camacho, C. M. Campbell, S. Chen, C. -H. Chi, C. Y. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choudhury, R. K. Christiansen, P. Chujo, T. Chung, P. Chvala, O. Cianciolo, V. Citron, Z. Cole, B. A. Connors, M. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csoergo, T. Dahms, T. Dairaku, S. Danchev, I. Das, K. Datta, A. David, G. Denisov, A. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Dietzsch, O. Dion, A. Donadelli, M. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Drees, K. A. Durham, J. M. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Edwards, S. Efremenko, Y. V. Ellinghaus, F. Engelmore, T. Enokizono, A. En'yo, H. Esumi, S. Fadem, B. Fields, D. E. Finger, M., Jr. Finger, M. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fujiwara, K. Fukao, Y. Fusayasu, T. Garishvili, I. Glenn, A. Gong, H. Gonin, M. Goto, Y. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gunji, T. Gustafsson, H. -A Haggerty, J. S. Hahn, K. I. Hamagaki, H. Hamblen, J. Hanks, J. Han, R. Hartouni, E. P. Haslum, E. Hayano, R. Heffner, M. Hegyi, S. Hemmick, T. K. Hester, T. He, X. Hill, J. C. Hohlmann, M. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Horaguchi, T. Hornback, D. Huang, S. Ichihara, T. Ichimiya, R. Ide, J. Ikeda, Y. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Isenhower, D. Ishihara, M. Isobe, T. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Ivanischev, D. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jin, J. Johnson, B. M. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Jumper, D. S. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kamin, J. Kang, J. H. Kapustinsky, J. Karatsu, K. Kawall, D. Kawashima, M. Kazantsev, A. V. Kempel, T. Khanzadeev, A. Kijima, K. M. Kim, B. I. Kim, D. H. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. J. Kim, E. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Kinney, E. Kiriluk, K. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kochenda, L. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Koster, J. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kral, A. Kravitz, A. Kunde, G. J. Kurita, K. Kurosawa, M. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lai, Y. S. Lajoie, J. G. Lebedev, A. Lee, D. M. Lee, J. Lee, K. B. Lee, K. Lee, K. S. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Leitner, E. Lenzi, B. Liebing, P. Levy, L. A. Linden Liska, T. Litvinenko, A. Liu, H. Liu, M. X. Li, X. Love, B. Luechtenborg, R. Lynch, D. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Malik, M. D. Manko, V. I. Mannel, E. Mao, Y. Masui, H. Matathias, F. McCumber, M. McGaughey, P. L. Means, N. Meredith, B. Miake, Y. Mignerey, A. C. Mikes, P. Miki, K. Milov, A. Mishra, M. Mitchell, J. T. Mohanty, A. K. Morino, Y. Morreale, A. Morrison, D. P. Moukhanova, T. V. Murata, J. Nagamiya, S. Nagle, J. L. Naglis, M. Nagy, M. I. Nakagawa, I. Nakamiya, Y. Nakamura, T. Nakano, K. Newby, J. Nguyen, M. Nouicer, R. Nyanin, A. S. O'Brien, E. Oda, S. X. Ogilvie, C. A. Okada, K. 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Sukhanov, A. Sziklai, J. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanabe, R. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Tarafdar, S. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Themann, H. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Toia, A. Tomasek, L. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Vale, C. Valle, H. van Hecke, H. W. Vazquez-Zambrano, E. Veicht, A. Velkovska, J. Vertesi, R. Vinogradov, A. A. Virius, M. Vrba, V. Vznuzdaev, E. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, D. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, Y. Wei, F. Wei, R. Wessels, J. White, S. N. Winter, D. Wood, J. P. Woody, C. L. Wright, R. M. Wysocki, M. Xie, W. Yamaguchi, Y. L. Yamaura, K. Yang, R. Yanovich, A. Ying, J. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Younus, I. You, Z. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zolin, L. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Azimuthal Anisotropy of pi(0) Production in Au plus Au Collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV: Path-Length Dependence of Jet Quenching and the Role of Initial Geometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; THEORETICAL CHALLENGES; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; QCD AB We have measured the azimuthal anisotropy of pi(0) production for 1 < p(T) < 18 GeV/c for Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The observed anisotropy shows a gradual decrease for 3 less than or similar to p(T) less than or similar to 7-10 GeV/c, but remains positive beyond 10 GeV/c. The magnitude of this anisotropy is underpredicted, up to at least similar to 10 GeV/c, by current perturbative QCD (PQCD) energy-loss model calculations. An estimate of the increase in anisotropy expected from initial-geometry modification due to gluon saturation effects and fluctuations is insufficient to account for this discrepancy. 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RP Adare, A (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Wei, Feng/F-6808-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Tomasek, Lukas/0000-0002-5224-1936; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315 FU Office of Nuclear Physics in DOE Office of Science; NSF (USA); MEXT; JSPS (Japan); CNPq; FAPESP (Brazil); NSFC (China); MSMT (Czech Republic); IN2P3/CNRS; CEA (France); BMBF; DAAD; AvH (Germany); OTKA (Hungary); DAE; DST (India); ISF (Israel); NRF; WCU (Korea); MES; RAS; FAAE (Russia) FX We thank the staff of the Collider-Accelerator and Physics Departments at BNL for their vital contributions. We acknowledge support from the Office of Nuclear Physics in DOE Office of Science and NSF (USA), MEXT and JSPS (Japan), CNPq and FAPESP (Brazil), NSFC (China), MSMT (Czech Republic), IN2P3/CNRS and CEA (France), BMBF, DAAD, and AvH (Germany), OTKA (Hungary), DAE and DST (India), ISF (Israel), NRF and WCU (Korea), MES, RAS, and FAAE (Russia), VR and KAW (Sweden), U.S. CRDF for the FSU, US-Hungary Fulbright, and US-Israel BSF. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 14 AR 142301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.142301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 654NP UT WOS:000282175300004 ER PT J AU Shih, BC Xue, Y Zhang, PH Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Shih, Bi-Ching Xue, Yu Zhang, Peihong Cohen, Marvin L. Louie, Steven G. TI Quasiparticle Band Gap of ZnO: High Accuracy from the Conventional G(0)W(0) Approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSULATORS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Contrary to previous reports, we show that the conventional GW (the so-called G(0)W(0)) approximation can be used to calculate accurately the experimental band gap (similar to 3.6 eV) of ZnO. The widely discussed underestimate of the quasiparticle gap of ZnO within the GW method is a result of an inadequate treatment of the semicore electrons and the slow and nonuniform convergence in the calculation of the Coulomb-hole self-energy in previous studies. In addition, an assumed small kinetic energy cutoff for the dielectric matrix may result in a false convergence behavior for the quasiparticle self-energy. C1 [Shih, Bi-Ching; Xue, Yu; Zhang, Peihong] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shih, BC (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013 FU ICQD at USTC in Hefei, China; National Science Foundation [DMR-0946404, DMR07-05941]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0002623]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX P.Z. acknowledges the ICQD at USTC in Hefei, China, for supporting his extended visit during which part of this work was done. We acknowledge the computational support provided by the Center for Computational Research at the University at Buffalo, SUNY. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0946404 and by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0002623. M. L. C and S. G. L are supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR07-05941 and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 19 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. 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CA ALICE Collaboration TI Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE ALICE; LHC; pp; 900 GeV; Transverse momentum; PYTHIA ID PHYSICS PERFORMANCE REPORT; MULTIPLICITIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFRACTION; DEPENDENCE; TEV AB The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8 is < p(T)>(INEL) = 0.483 +/- 0.001 (stat.) +/- 0.007 (syst.) GeV/c and < p(T)>(NSD) = 0.489 +/- 0.001 (stat.) +/- 0.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger < p(T)> than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Antipin, K.; Antonczyk, D.; Appelshaeuser, H.; Arend, A.; Blume, C.; Buesching, H.; Hartig, M.; Kliemant, M.; Kniege, S.; Kramer, F.; Lehnert, J.; Leon Vargas, H.; Luettiga, P.; Pitz, N.; Renfordt, R.; Schuchmann, S.; Sommer, W.; Stock, R.; Ulery, J.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. [Cortese, P.; Dellacasa, G.; Ferretti, R.; Gemme, R.; Ramello, L.; Senyukov, S.; Sitta, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Avanzate, Alessandria, Italy. [Anson, C.; Bock, N.; Humanic, T. J.; Kisiel, A.; Lisa, M. A.; Truesdale, D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bearden, I. G.; Boggild, H.; Christensen, C. H.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Gaardhoje, J. J.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nygaard, C.; Sogaard, C.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bartke, J.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Kornas, E.; Kowalski, M.; Matyja, A.; Rybicki, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Jimenez, R. Gomez; Leon Monzon, I.; Podesta Lerma, P. L. M.] Univ Autonoma Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico. [Altinpinar, S.; Andronic, A.; Averbeck, R.; Baihache, R.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Braun-Munzinger, R.; Hernandez, J. F. Castillo; Doenigus, B.; Fasel, M.; Foka, P.; Frankenfeld, U.; Garabatos, C.; Gutbrod, H.; Hernandez, C.; Huber, S.; Ivanov, M.; Knichel, M. L.; Malzacher, P.; Marin, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Miskowiec, D.; Otwinowski, J.; Park, W. J.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schwarz, K.; Soyk, D.; Vranic, D.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, Darmstadt, Germany. [Altinpinar, S.; Andronic, A.; Averbeck, R.; Baihache, R.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Braun-Munzinger, R.; Hernandez, J. F. Castillo; Doenigus, B.; Fasel, M.; Foka, P.; Frankenfeld, U.; Garabatos, C.; Gutbrod, H.; Hernandez, C.; Huber, S.; Ivanov, M.; Knichel, M. L.; Malzacher, P.; Marin, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Miskowiec, D.; Otwinowski, J.; Park, W. J.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schwarz, K.; Soyk, D.; Vranic, D.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, Div Res, Darmstadt, Germany. [Cortese, P.; Dellacasa, G.; Ferretti, R.; Gemme, R.; Ramello, L.; Senyukov, S.; Sitta, M.] Grp Coll INFN, Alessandria, Italy. [Braun-Munzinger, R.; Kalweit, A.; Kraus, I.; Mager, M.; Oeschler, H.; Ricaud, H.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Darmstadt, Germany. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T. M.; Mlynarz, J.; Pavlinov, A.; Pruneau, C. A.; Voloshin, S.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Batyunya, B.; Fateev, O.; Fedunov, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Jancurova, L.; Kutouski, M.; Nomokonov, P.; Pocheptsovah, T.; Shabratova, G.; Vala, M.; Vodopianov, A.; Yurevich, V.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zinchenko, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. [Bach, M.; Hutter, D.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. [Bianchi, N.; Capitani, G. P.; Diaz, A. Casanova; Balbastre, G. Conesa; Cunqueiro, L.; Di Nezza, P.; Fantoni, A.; Hasch, D.; Muccifora, V.; Reolon, A. R.; Ronchetti, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Ahn, S. U.; Baek, Y. W.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Kang, E.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Seo, J.] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. [Berdnikov, Y.; Costa, F.; Ivanov, V.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kryshen, E.; Malaev, M.; Miftakhov, N.; Nikulin, V.; Polyakov, V.; Samsonov, V.; Zalite, A.; Zhalov, M.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Rinella, G. Aglieri; Anelli, G.; Antinori, F.; Augustinus, A.; Betev, L.; Boccioli, M.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Buncic, P.; Campbell, M.; Roman, V. Canoa; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Caselle, M.; Cavicchioli, C.; Chapeland, S.; Cheshkov, C.; Barroso, V. Chibante; Chochula, P.; Colla, A.; de Groot, J.; Di Mauro, A.; Divia, R.; Dubuisson, J.; Evrard, S.; Fabjan, C. W.; Formenti, F.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Hristov, P.; Innocenti, P. G.; Jacholkowski, A.; Jirden, L.; Kapusta, S.; Kirsch, S.; Klein-Boesing, C.; Kluge, A.; Lackner, F.; Leistam, L.; Lippmann, C.; Lohn, S.; Makhlyueva, I.; Martinengo, P.; Lorenzo, P. Mendez; Meoni, M.; Morsch, A.; Mueller, H.; Musa, L.; Oldenburg, M.; Osmic, F.; Perini, D.; Peters, A. J.; Piuz, F.; Quercigh, E.; Rademakers, A.; Revol, J. -P.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Roehrich, D.; Rosinsky, P.; Rossegger, S.; Roukoutakis, F.; Safarik, K.; Saiz, P.; da Silva, R. Salgueiro Domingues; Schindler, H.; Schossmaier, K.; Schreiner, S.; Schukraft, J.; Shahoyan, R.; Sicking, E.; Soos, C.; Stefanini, G.; Swoboda, D.; Tadel, M.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Telesca, A.; Toia, A.; de Matos, C. Torcato; Tydesjoe, H.; Vyvre, P. Vande; von Haller, B.; Wallet, L.; Zampolli, C.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Don, D. M. M.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Chuman, F.; Hiei, A.; Horaguchi, T.; Iwasaki, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Mizoguchi, K.; Okada, Y.; Shigaki, K.; Sugitate, T.; Torii, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. [Busch, O.; Constantin, P.; De Gaspari, M.; Emschermann, D.; Glaessel, R.; Grajcarek, R.; Herrmann, N.; Klein, J. J.; Koch, K.; Krumbhorn, D.; Kweon, M. J.; Perez, J. Mercado; Oyama, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Radomski, S.; Rusanov, I.; Schicker, R.; Schweda, K.; Soltveit, H. K.; Stachel, J.; Tsiledakisar, G.; Vallero, S.; Wang, Y.; Wiechula, J.; Windelband, B.; Yang, H.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Abel, N.; Alt, T.; Angelov, V.; Boettger, S.; Breitner, T.; de Cuveland, J.; Gebelein, J.; Gorbunov, S.; Kalcher, S.; Kebschull, U.; Kisel, I.; Lara, C.; Lindenstruth, V.; Painke, F.; Panse, R.; Peschek, J.; Rettig, F.; Steinbeck, T.; Thaeder, J.; Troeger, G.; Vassiliev, I.; Zelnicek, P.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Lopez Torres, E.; Shtejer, K.] Ctr Aplicac Tecnol & Desarrollo Nucl CEADEN, Havana, Cuba. [Faivre, J.; Furget, C.; Gadrat, S.; Guernane, R.; Kox, S.; Real, J. S.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS IN2P3, LPSC, Inst Polytech Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Dept Phys, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Lal, C.; Mangotra, L.; Potukuchi, B.; Sambyal, S.; Sharma, S.; Singh, R.] Univ Jammu, Dept Phys, Jammu 180004, India. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S. S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S. S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] HIP, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Borisov, A.; Grinyov, B.; Zinovjev, G.; Zynovyev, M.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. [Hamblen, J.; Martashvili, I.; Pinsky, L.; Read, K. F.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bose, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Das, I.; Majumdar, A. K. Dutta; Pal, S.; Roy, P.; Sinha, T.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Dubey, A. K.; Majumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Khan, S. A.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Muhuri, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Prasad, S. K.; Saini, J.; Samanta, T.; Singaraju, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata, India. [Krawutschkeb, T.] Fachhsch Koln, Cologne, Germany. [Bombara, M.; Kravcakova, A.; Putis, M.; Urban, J.; Vrlakova, J.] Safarik Univ, Fac Sci, Kosice, Slovakia. [Ban, J.; Kalinak, P.; Kralik, I.; Pastircak, B.; Sandor, L.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Ricci, R. A.; Vannucci, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Calvo, E.; Delgado, Y.; Gago, A.; Guerra, C.; Perez, C.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Dept Ciencias, Secc Fis, Lima, Peru. [Glenn, A.; Newby, J.; Soltz, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Christiansen, P.; Dobrin, A.; Gros, P.; Gustafsson, H. -A.; Oskarsson, A.; Osterman, L.; Otterlund, I.; Stenlund, E.] Lund Univ, Div Expt High Energy Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Blanco, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Gonzalez-Zamora, P.; Ladron de Guevara, P.; Montes, E.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Serradilla, E.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid, Spain. [Cuautle, E.; Diaz, L.; Dominguez, I.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Mayani, D.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Paic, G.; Peskov, V.; Serkin, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Aguilar Salazar, S.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Almaraz Avina, E.; Anzo, A.; Arceo, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Gonzalez-Trueba, L. H.; Grabski, V.; Leon, H.; Martinez Davalos, A.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Sandoval, A.; Valencia Palomo, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Camacho, E.; Contreras, J. G.; Crescio, E.; Herrera Corral, G.; Montano Zetina, L.; Ramirez Reyes, A.; Zepeda, A.] CINVESTAV, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Camacho, E.; Contreras, J. G.; Crescio, E.; Herrera Corral, G.; Montano Zetina, L.; Ramirez Reyes, A.; Zepeda, A.] CINVESTAV, Merida, Venezuela. [Guber, F.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Konevskih, A.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Maevskaya, A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Reshetin, A.] Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Akindinov, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kiselev, S.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Nedosekin, A.; Polozov, P.; Sharkov, G.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Voloshin, K.; Zagreev, B.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Bogdanov, A.; Grigoriev, V.; Kaplin, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Loginov, V.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Aleksandrov, D.; Blau, D.; Dobretsov, V.; Fokin, S.; Ippolitov, M.; Kazantsev, A.; Kozlov, K.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Manko, V.; Moukhanova, T.; Nianine, A.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Peressounko, D.; Ryabinkin, E.; Sibiriak, Y.; Vinogradov, A.; Yasnopolskiy, S.; Yushmanov, I.] Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Jena, S.; Nandi, B. K.; Nyatha, A.; Pujahari, P.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Bathen, B.; Baumann, C.; Dietel, T.; Glasow, R.; Gottschlag, H.; Heide, M.; Kalisky, M.; Rammler, M.; Reygers, K.; Santo, R.; Wessels, J.; Westerhoff, U.; Wilk, A.] Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, Munster, Germany. [Aronsson, T.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Hicks, B.; Ma, R.; Putschke, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Aphecetche, L.; Batigne, G.; Benhabib, L.; Bourdaud, G.; del Valle, Z. Conesa; Cussonneau, J.; Delagrange, H.; Dialinas, M.; Estienne, M.; Germain, M.; Ichou, R.; Le Bris, N.; Lefevre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Luquin, L.; Garcia, G. Martinez; Pillot, P.; Roy, C.; Schutz, Y.; Tournaire, A.; Yermia, F.] Univ Nantes, CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes, SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Frolov, A.; Pestov, Y.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Awes, T. C.; Enokizono, A.; Silvermyr, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Abeysekara, U.; Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y.; Malagalage, K. J.; Nilsen, B. S.; Turvey, A.] Creighton Univ, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bimbot, L.; Boyer, B.; Chambert, V.; Charpy, A.; Espagnon, B.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hrivnacova, I.; Lafage, V.; Le Bornec, Y.; Noriega, M. Lopez; Malek, M.; Peyre, J.; Pouthas, J.; Rousseau, S.; Suire, C.; Takaki, J. D. Tapia; Willis, N.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Aamodt, K.; Arsene, I. C.; Bravina, L.; Dordic, O.; Eyyubova, G.; Hille, P. T.; Kolevatov, R.; Kvaerno, H.; Lindal, S.; Lovhoiden, G.; Milosevic, J.; Nilsson, M. S.; Nyiri, A.; Skaali, T. B.; Tveter, T. S.; Tywoniuk, K.; Wikne, J.; Zabrodin, E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Lunardon, M.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Viesti, G.; Yuan, X.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Dainese, A.; Fabris, D.; Grosso, R.; Lunardon, M.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Pepato, A.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Turrisi, R.; Viesti, G.; Yuan, X.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Kral, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.; Petracek, V.; Pospisil, V.; Smakal, R.; Tlusty, D.; Wagner, V.; Zychacek, V.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Mares, J.; Polak, K.; Zavada, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bogolyubsky, M.; Kharlov, Y.; Kim, J.; Polichtchouk, B.; Sadovsky, S.; Soloviev, A.; Stolpovsky, P.; Zenin, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Cortes Maldonado, I.; Fernandez Tellez, A.; Gonzalez Santos, H.; Lopez-Ramirez, R.; Martinez Hernandez, M. I.; Munoz, J.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Roman Lopez, S.; Tejeda Munoz, G.; Vargas, A.; Vergara, S.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Choi, K.; Lee, H.; Son, C. W.; Yi, J.; Yoo, I. K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Adamova, D.; Bielcikova, J.; Kapitan, J.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Sumbera, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Meddi, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Di Liberto, S.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Urciuoli, G. M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Baldisseri, A.; Borel, H.; Castellanos, J. Castillo; Charvet, J. L.; Orsini, F.; Pereira, H.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Staley, F.] IRFU, Commissariat Energie Atom, Saclay, France. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Girard, M. Fusco; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Girard, M. Fusco; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Salerno, Italy. [Klay, J. L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [de Barros, G. O. V.; Deppman, A.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Fis Particulas, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Basmanov, V.; Budnikov, D.; Demanov, V.; Filchagin, S.; Ilkaev, R.; Kuryakin, A.; Mamonov, A.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Tumkin, A.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vinogradov, Y.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. [Han, B. H.; Hwang, D. S.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, S.; Son, H.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [Bohm, J.; Chang, B.; Kang, J. H.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, Y.; Song, M.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Asryan, A.; Braun, M.; Derkach, D.; Feofilov, G.; Ivanov, A.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Ochirov, A.; Semenov, D.; Vechernin, V.; Vinogradov, L.; Zarochentsev, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, V Fock Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Gotovac, S.; Mudnic, E.; Vickovic, L.] Tech Univ Split FESB, Split, Croatia. [Akimoto, R.; Gunji, T.; Hamagaki, H.; Hori, Y.; Okada, K.; Ozawa, K.; Sano, S.; Takahara, A.; Tsuji, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Belikov, I.; Coffin, J. -P.; Hippolyte, B.; Jangal, S.; Kuhn, C.; Lutz, J-R; Maire, A.; Michalon, A.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Venaruzzo, M.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Fragiacomo, E.; Grion, N.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Piano, S.; Rachevski, A.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Vacchi, A.; Venaruzzo, M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Chujo, T.; Esumi, S.; Inaba, M.; Miake, Y.; Sakata, D.; Sano, M.; Shimomura, M.; Tanabe, R.; Watanabe, K.; Yokoyama, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bossu, F.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Morales, Y. Corrales; Ferretti, A.; Gagliardi, M.; Gallio, M.; Trapaga, C. Garcia; Luparello, G.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Milano, L.; Ortona, G.; Padilla, F.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Vasquez, M. A. Subieta; Vercellin, E.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. [Alessandro, B.; Arnaldi, R.; Bagnasco, S.; Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bossu, F.; Cerello, P.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coli, S.; Morales, Y. Corrales; De Marco, N.; De Remigis, R.; Ferretti, A.; Gagliardi, M.; Gallio, M.; Trapaga, C. Garcia; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Luparello, G.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Mazza, G.; Mereu, P.; Milano, L.; Monteno, M.; Musso, A.; Oppedisano, C.; Ortona, G.; Padilla, F.; Piccotti, A.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Prino, F.; Riccati, L.; Rivetti, A.; Scomparin, E.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Vasquez, M. A. Subieta; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Vercellin, E.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. [Deloff, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Ilkiv, I.; Kurashvili, P.; Redlich, K.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Stefanek, G.; Wilk, G.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kikola, D.; Kupczak, R.; Oleniacz, J.; Ostrowski, P.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Szuba, M.; Traczyk, T.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B. K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Abramyan, A.; Grigoryan, A.; Gulkanyan, H.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Papikyan, V.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Anticic, T.; Nikolic, V.; Susa, T.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. [Cai, X.; Ma, K.; Mao, Y.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yin, Z.; Yuan, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhu, J.] Hua Zhong Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Cheynis, B.; Ducroux, L.; Grossiord, J. -Y.; Massacrier, L.; Nendaz, F.; Tieulent, R.; Zoccarato, Y.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; de Rooij, R.; Grelli, A.; Ivan, C.; Kamermans, R.; Mischke, A.; Nooren, G.; Peitzmann, T.; Simili, E.; van Leeuwen, M.; Verweij, M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Subat Phys, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; de Rooij, R.; Grelli, A.; Ivan, C.; Kamermans, R.; Mischke, A.; Nooren, G.; Peitzmann, T.; Simili, E.; van Leeuwen, M.; Verweij, M.] Univ Utrecht, Natl Inst Subat Phys, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Conner, E. S.; Keidel, R.] Fachhsch Worms, ZTT, Worms, Germany. [Alt, T.; Angelov, V.; Braun-Munzinger, R.; de Cuveland, J.; Gorbunov, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Peschek, J.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. [Baldit, A.; Barret, V.; Bastid, N.; Blanc, A.; Crochet, P.; Devaux, A.; Dupieux, P.; Lopez, X.; Manceau, L.; Manso, F.; Rosnet, P.; Saturnini, P.; Vulpescu, B.] Univ Blaise Pascal, Clermont Univ, LPC, CNRS IN2P3, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Blanco, F.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Fenton-Olsen, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Ferretti, R.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Zampolli, C.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy. [Bortolin, C.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Redlich, K.] Univ Wroclaw, PL-50138 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-4400 Munster, Germany. [Pocheptsovah, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [La Rocca, P.; Preghenella, R.; Zichichi, A.] Ctr Fermi Ctr Studi & Ric, Rome, Italy. [La Rocca, P.; Preghenella, R.; Zichichi, A.] Museo Stor Fis Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy. [Mao, Y.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS IN2P3, LPSC, Inst Polytech Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Azmi, M. D.; Bielcik, J.; Irfan, M.; Kamal, A.; Khan, M. M.] Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Bilandzic, A.; Botje, M.; Krzewicki, M.; Kuijer, P. C.; Snellings, R.; van der Kolk, N.] Natl Inst Subat Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Belogianni, A.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Ganoti, P.; Petridis, A.; Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M.; Tagridis, C.; Tsilis, E.; Vasileiou, M.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens, Greece. [Altini, V.; Barile, F.; Bruno, G. E.; D'Erasmo, G.; Di Bari, D.; Di Giglio, C.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Ghidini, B.; Mastroserio, A.; Minafra, F.; Navach, F.; Perrino, D.; Posa, F.; Romita, R.; Santoro, R.; Sgura, I.; Simonetti, G.; Terrevoli, C.; Volpe, G.] Dipartimento Interateneo Fis M Merlin, Bari, Italy. [Altini, V.; Barile, F.; Bruno, G. E.; de Cataldo, G.; D'Erasmo, G.; Di Bari, D.; Di Giglio, C.; Elia, D.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Ghidini, B.; Lenti, V.; Manzari, V.; Mastromarco, M.; Mastroserio, A.; Minafra, F.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Nicassio, M.; Pastore, C.; Paticchio, V.; Perrino, D.; Posa, F.; Romita, R.; Santoro, R.; Sgura, I.; Simonetti, G.; Terrevoli, C.; Volpe, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bari, Italy. [Hu, S.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Lu, S.; Wen, Q.; Zhou, S.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Alme, J.; Bablok, S.; Djuvsland, O.; Fehlker, D.; Haaland, O.; Huang, M.; Kanaki, K.; Klovning, A.; Larsen, D. T.; Liu, L.; Nystrand, J.; Ovrebekk, G.; Pommeresch, B.; Richter, M.; Skjerdal, K.; Ullaland, K.; Wagner, B.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Bergen, Norway. [Helstrup, H.; Hetland, K. F.; Kileng, B.; Roed, K.] Bergen Univ Coll, Fac Engn, Bergen, Norway. [Jacobs, P.; Odyniec, G.; Ploskon, M.; Salur, S.; Symons, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Dash, A.; Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Rath, S.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751007, Orissa, India. [Barnby, L.; Evans, D.; Jones, G. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jovanovic, P.; Jusko, A.; Kour, R.; Krivda, M.; Lazzeroni, C.; Lietava, R.; Matthews, Z. L.; Navin, S.; Palaha, A.; Petrov, P.; Platt, R.; Scott, P. A.; Snow, H.; Baillie, O. Villalobos] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Alici, A.; Antinori, S.; Arcelli, S.; Basile, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Falchieri, D.; Guerzoni, B.; Masetti, M.; Preghenella, R.; Scioli, G.; Silenzi, A.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. [Alici, A.; Antinori, S.; Antonioli, P.; Arcelli, S.; Basile, M.; Romeo, G. Cara; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Falchieri, D.; Guerzoni, B.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Laurenti, G.; Margotti, A.; Masetti, M.; Nania, R.; Noferini, F.; Pesci, A.; Pinazza, O.; Preghenella, R.; Scapparone, E.; Scioli, G.; Silenzi, A.; Williams, M. C. S.; Zichichi, A.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Sharma, N.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Badala, A.; Barbera, R.; Blanco, F.; La Rocca, P.; Palmeri, A.; Pappalardo, G. S.; Petta, C.; Pulvirenti, A.; Riggi, F.; Vernet, R.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Catania, Italy. [Barbera, R.; Blanco, F.; La Rocca, P.; Petta, C.; Pulvirenti, A.; Riggi, F.; Vernet, R.] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania, Italy. [Buthelezi, Z.; Cleymans, J.; de Vaux, G.; Fearick, R.; Foertsch, S.; Steyn, G.; Vilakazi, Z.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, iThemba Labs, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Chinellato, D. D.; Cosentino, M. R.; Takahashi, J.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Becker, B.; Cicalo, C.; Floris, M.; Masoni, A.; Puddu, G.; Serci, S.; Siddi, E.; Szostak, A.; Uras, A.; Usai, G. L.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cagliari, Italy. [Floris, M.; Puddu, G.; Serci, S.; Uras, A.; Usai, G. L.] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, Cagliari, Italy. [Danu, A.; Felea, D.; Haiduc, M.; Hasegan, D.; Mitu, C.; Sevcenco, A.; Stan, E.; Zgura, I.] ISS, Bucharest, Romania. [Fekete, V.; Janik, R.; Pikna, M.; Sitar, B.; Strmen, P.; Szarka, I.] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Andrei, C.; Berceanu, I.; Catanescu, V.; Herghelegiu, A.; Petris, M.; Petrovici, M.; Pop, A.; Schiaua, C.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Agocs, A. G.; Barnafoeldi, G. G.; Boldizsar, L.; Denes, E.; Fodor, Z.; Hamar, G.; Levai, P.; Molnar, L.; Pochybova, S.; Tolyhy, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. RP Appelshauser, H (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. EM appels@ikf.uni-frankfurt.de RI Masera, Massimo/J-4313-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; Gagliardi, Martino/J-4787-2012; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/I-8010-2012; beole', stefania/G-9353-2012; Turrisi, Rosario/H-4933-2012; Bregant, Marco/I-7663-2012; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; feofilov, grigory/A-2549-2013; Traczyk, Tomasz/C-1310-2013; Ramello, Luciano/F-9357-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Haiduc, Maria /C-5003-2011; SCAPPARONE, EUGENIO/H-1805-2012; Mitu, Ciprian/E-6733-2011; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Petta, Catia/A-7023-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Felea, Daniel/C-1885-2012; Sevcenco, Adrian/C-1832-2012; Chinellato, David/D-3092-2012; Barbera, Roberto/G-5805-2012; Cortese, Pietro/G-6754-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Becker, Bruce/I-5632-2013; Zarochentsev, Andrey/J-6253-2013; Kondratiev, Valery/J-8574-2013; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor/L-3486-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/F-3498-2013; Wagner, Vladimir/G-5650-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; Blau, Dmitry/H-4523-2012; Yang, Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Kharlov, Yuri/D-2700-2015; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/I-6826-2013; Vechernin, Vladimir/J-5832-2013; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; de Cuveland, Jan/H-6454-2016; Kutouski, Mikalai/I-1555-2016; Kurepin, Alexey/H-4852-2013; Jena, Satyajit/P-2409-2015; Akindinov, Alexander/J-2674-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Deppman, Airton/J-5787-2014; Zagreev, Boris/R-6460-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017; Armesto, Nestor/C-4341-2017; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/F-4083-2010; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Vickovic, Linda/F-3517-2017; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; Vinogradov, Leonid/K-3047-2013; OI Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/0000-0002-9611-3696; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; feofilov, grigory/0000-0003-3700-8623; Traczyk, Tomasz/0000-0002-6602-4094; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Felea, Daniel/0000-0002-3734-9439; Sevcenco, Adrian/0000-0002-4151-1056; Chinellato, David/0000-0002-9982-9577; Barbera, Roberto/0000-0001-5971-6415; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Becker, Bruce/0000-0002-6607-7145; Zarochentsev, Andrey/0000-0002-3502-8084; Kondratiev, Valery/0000-0002-0031-0741; Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/0000-0002-9481-9548; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758; Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/0000-0001-7398-7801; Vechernin, Vladimir/0000-0003-1458-8055; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; de Cuveland, Jan/0000-0003-0455-1398; Kutouski, Mikalai/0000-0002-2920-8775; Kurepin, Alexey/0000-0002-1851-4136; Jena, Satyajit/0000-0002-6220-6982; Akindinov, Alexander/0000-0002-7388-3022; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363; Ferreiro, Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356; Armesto, Nestor/0000-0003-0940-0783; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/0000-0002-8503-3009; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Vickovic, Linda/0000-0002-9820-7960; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Vinogradov, Leonid/0000-0001-9247-6230; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Riggi, Francesco/0000-0002-0030-8377; Gago Medina, Alberto Martin/0000-0002-0019-9692; Dainese, Andrea/0000-0002-2166-1874; Paticchio, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2916-1671; Monteno, Marco/0000-0002-3521-6333; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; SANTORO, ROMUALDO/0000-0002-4360-4600; Scarlassara, Fernando/0000-0002-4663-8216; Turrisi, Rosario/0000-0002-5272-337X; D'Erasmo, Ginevra/0000-0003-3407-6962; Tosello, Flavio/0000-0003-4602-1985; Beole', Stefania/0000-0003-4673-8038; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Masera, Massimo/0000-0003-1880-5467; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0001-5092-9748 FU Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Chinese Ministry of Education (CMOE); Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC); Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic; Danish Natural Science Research Council; Carlsberg Foundation; Danish National Research Foundation; European Research Council under the European Community; Helsinki Institute of Physics; Academy of Finland; French CNRS-IN2P3; 'Region Pays de Loire'; 'Region Alsace'; 'Region Auvergne'; CEA, France; German BMBF; Helmholtz Association; Hungarian OTKA; National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH); Departments of Atomic Energy and Science and Technology, Government of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) of Italy; MEXT, Japan; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS); CONACYT; DGAPA, Mexico; ALFA-EC; HELEN (High-Energy physics Latin-American-European Network); Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM); Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Research Council of Norway (NFR); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Authority for Scientific Research - NASR (Autontatea Nationala pentru Cercetare Stiintifica - ANCS); Federal Agency of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation; International Science and Technology Center; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy; Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations; CERN-INTAS; Ministry of Education of Slovakia; CIEMAT; EELA; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain; Xunta de Galicia (Conselleria de Educacion); CEADEN; Cubaenergia, Cuba; IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency); Swedish Reseach Council (VR); Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW); Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); The United States Department of Energy; United States National Science Foundation; State of Texas; State of Ohio FX The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector:; Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia;; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP);; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Ministry of Education (CMOE) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC);; Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic;; Danish Natural Science Research Council, the Carlsberg Foundation and the Danish National Research Foundation;; The European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme;; Helsinki Institute of Physics and the Academy of Finland;; French CNRS-IN2P3, the 'Region Pays de Loire', 'Region Alsace', 'Region Auvergne' and CEA, France;; German BMBF and the Helmholtz Association;; Hungarian OTKA and National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH);; Departments of Atomic Energy and Science and Technology, Government of India;; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) of Italy;; MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, Japan;; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna;; Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS);; CONACYT, DGAPA, Mexico, ALFA-EC and the HELEN Program (High-Energy physics Latin-American-European Network);; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands;; Research Council of Norway (NFR);; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education;; National Authority for Scientific Research - NASR (Autontatea Nationala pentru Cercetare Stiintifica - ANCS);; Federal Agency of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, International Science and Technology Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy, Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations and CERN-INTAS;; Ministry of Education of Slovakia;; CIEMAT, EELA, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain, Xunta de Galicia (Conselleria de Educacion), CEADEN, Cubaenergia, Cuba, and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency);; Swedish Reseach Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW);; Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science;; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC);; The United States Department of Energy, the United States National Science Foundation, the State of Texas, and the State of Ohio. NR 30 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 693 IS 2 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.08.026 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 665FH UT WOS:000283020100001 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Ancu, LS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Avila, C BackusMayes, J Badaud, F Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Baringer, R Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Basslerr, U Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Boos, EE Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brandt, O Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Browns, D Bu, XB Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Calfayan, R Calpas, B Calvet, S Camacho-Perez, E Cammin, J Carrasco-Lizarraga, MA Carrera, E Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chen, G Chevalier-Thery, S Cho, DK Cho, SW Choi, S Choudhary, B Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Clutter, J Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Croc, A Cutts, D Cwiok, M Das, A Davies, G De, K de Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Deliotr, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S DeVaughan, K Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dorland, T Dubey, A Dudko, LV Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dutt, S Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Facini, G Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fuess, S Gadfort, T Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Geng, W Gerbaudo, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Gintherau, G Golovanov, G Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Hauptman, JM Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Heredia-De La Cruz, I Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hoang, T Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hossain, S Hu, V Hubacek, Z Huske, N Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jamin, D Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Johnston, D Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Joshi, J Juste, A Kaadze, K Kajfasz, E Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YN Khatidze, D Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Kohli, JM Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuzmin, VA Kvita, J Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, HS Lee, WM Lellouch, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lim, JK Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna-Garcia, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madar, R Magana-Villalba, R Malik, S Malyshev, VL Maravin, Y Martinez-Ortega, J McCarthy, R McGivern, CL Meijer, MM Melnitchouk, A Menezes, D Mercadante, PG Merkinak, M Meyer, A Meyer, J Mondal, NK Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulhearn, M Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Nayyar, R Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, ET Obrant, G Onoprienko, D Orduna, J Osman, N Osta, J Garzon, GJOY Owen, AM Padilla, M Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Parihar, V Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petrillo, G Petroff, P Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pol, ME Polozov, P Popov, AV Prewitt, M Price, D Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Razumov, I Renkel, P Rich, P Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Sanghi, B Santos, AS Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schlobohm, S Schwanenberger, C Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, TJ Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, E Strauss, M Stroehmer, R Strom, D Stutte, L Svoisky, P Takahashi, M Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Vesterinen, M Vilanova, D Vint, P Vokac, P Wahl, HD Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Williams, MRJ Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, 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Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. Vilanova, D. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Wahl, H. D. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xu, C. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yang, W. -C. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, Z. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zelitch, S. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for flavor changing neutral currents via quark-gluon couplings in single top quark production using 2.3 fb(-1) of p(p)over-bar collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Top quark; Single top; FCNC; Flavor-changing neutral current; Quark-gluon coupling; Tevatron; Proton-antiproton collider ID DETECTOR; PHYSICS; TEVATRON; TOPCOLOR; STANDARD; SOLITON; EVENTS; DECAYS; LEP AB We present a search for flavor changing neutral currents via quark-gluon couplings in a sample of single top quark final states corresponding to 2.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We select events containing a single top quark candidates with an additional jet, and obtain separation between signal and background using Bayesian neural networks. We find consistency between background expectation and observed data, and set limits on flavor changing neutral current gluon couplings of the top quark to up quarks (tgu) and charm quarks (tgc). The cross section limits at the 95% C.L. are sigma(tgu) < 0.20 pb and sigma(tgc) < 0.27 pb. These correspond to limits on the top quark decay branching fractions of B(t -> gu) < 2.0 x 10(-4) and B(t -> gc) < 3.9 x 10(-3). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J. A.; Brock, R.; Edmunds, D.; Fisher, W.; Geng, W.; Kraus, J.; Linnemann, J.; Piper, J.; Schwienhorst, R.; Unalan, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Otero y Garzon, G. J.; Piegaia, R.; Tanasijczuk, A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Alves, G. A.; Barreto, J.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Pol, M. -E.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Begalli, M.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. 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[Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Mulhearn, M.; Zelitch, S.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [BackusMayes, J.; Burnett, T. H.; Dorland, T.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Schlobohm, S.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Schwienhorst, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM schwier@pa.msu.edu RI Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Bolton, Tim/A-7951-2012; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; bu, xuebing/D-1121-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; Santos, Angelo/K-5552-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Kozelov, Alexander/J-3812-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Gerbaudo, Davide/J-4536-2012; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Price, Darren/0000-0003-2750-9977; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Gerbaudo, Davide/0000-0002-4463-0878; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107 FU DOE; NSF (USA); CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI; Rosatom; RFBR (Russia); CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPESP; FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE; DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF; KOSEF (Korea); CONICET; UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC; Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT; GACR (Czech Republic); CRC; NSERC (Canada); BMBF; DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS; CNSF (China) FX We thank the staffs at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom and RFBR (Russia); CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPESP and FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE and DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF and KOSEF (Korea); CONICET and UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC and the Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT and GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program and NSERC (Canada); BMBF and DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); and CAS and CNSF (China). NR 50 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 693 IS 2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.08.011 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 665FH UT WOS:000283020100003 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Ancu, LS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Avila, C BackusMayes, J Badaud, F Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Basslerr, U Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Boos, EE Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Bug, XB Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Calfayan, P Calpas, B Calvet, S Camacho-Perez, E Cammin, J Carrasco-Lizarraga, MA Carrera, E Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chen, G Chevalier-Thery, S Cho, DK Cho, SW Choi, S Choudhary, B Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Clutter, J Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Croc, A Cutts, D Cwiok, M Das, A Davies, G De, K De Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S DeVaughan, K Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dorland, T Dubey, A Dudko, LV Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dutt, S Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Facini, G Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fuess, S Gadfort, T Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Geng, W Gerbaudo, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Golovanov, G Goussiou, A Grannis, R Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Cris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Granendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hang, L Harder, K Harel, A Hauptman, JM Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Heredia-De La Cruz, I Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hoang, T Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Huske, N Hynek, V Lashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jamin, D Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Johnston, D Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kaadze, K Kajfasz, E Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YN Khatidze, D Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Kohli, JM Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuzmin, VA Kvita, J Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, R Lee, HS Lee, WM Lellouch, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lim, JK Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna-Garcia, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madar, R Magana-Villalba, R Mal, PK Malik, S Malyshev, V Maravin, Y Martinez-Ortega, J McCarthy, R McGivern, C Meijer, MM Melnitchoukb, A Menezes, D Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Meyer, A Meyer, J Mondal, NK Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulhearn, M Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Nayyar, R Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Obrant, G Onoprienko, D Orduna, J Osman, N Osta, J Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padilla, M Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Parihar, V Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petrillo, G Petroff, P Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Polb, ME Polozov, P Popov, AV Prewitt, M Price, D Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Razumov, I Renkel, P Rich, P Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Sanghi, B Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schlobohm, S Schwanenberger, C Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, R Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, E Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Stutte, L Svoisky, P Takahashi, M Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Vesterinen, M Vilanova, D Vint, P Vokac, R Wahl, HD Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Williams, MRJ Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xu, C Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yang, WC Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Ye, Z Yin, H Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Zelitch, S Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zivkovic, L AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Ancu, L. S. Aoki, M. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Atramentov, O. Avila, C. BackusMayes, J. Badaud, F. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Basslerr, U. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Bug, X. B. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Calfayan, P. Calpas, B. Calvet, S. Camacho-Perez, E. Cammin, J. Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A. Carrera, E. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chen, G. Chevalier-Thery, S. Cho, D. K. Cho, S. W. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clutter, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Croc, A. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. De Jong, S. J. De la Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. DeVaughan, K. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dorland, T. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Facini, G. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Geng, W. Gerbaudo, D. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Golovanov, G. Goussiou, A. Grannis, Rd. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. 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Lee, H. S. Lee, W. M. Lellouch, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lim, J. K. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Luna-Garcia, R. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Mackin, D. Madar, R. Magana-Villalba, R. Mal, P. K. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Maravin, Y. Martinez-Ortega, J. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchoukb, A. Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Mondal, N. K. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulhearn, M. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Nilsen, H. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. Obrant, G. Onoprienko, D. Orduna, J. Osman, N. Osta, J. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Owen, M. Padilla, M. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Parihar, V. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Polb, M. -E. Polozov, P. Popov, A. V. Prewitt, M. Price, D. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rangel, M. S. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Razumov, I. Renkel, P. Rich, P. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Rominsky, M. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Sanghi, B. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schliephake, T. Schlobohm, S. Schwanenberger, C. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, R. Smirnov, D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Stolin, V. Stoyanova, D. A. Strang, M. A. Strauss, E. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Stutte, L. Svoisky, P. Takahashi, M. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. Vilanova, D. Vint, P. Vokac, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xu, C. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yang, W. -C. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, Z. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zelitch, S. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. CA Do Collaboration TI Search for scalar bottom quarks and third-generation leptoquarks in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetry; Leptoquarks; Third generation ID TEVATRON; PHYSICS AB We report the results of a search for pair production of scalar bottom quarks ((b) over bar (1)) and scalar third-generation leptoquarks (LQ(3)) in 5.2 fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at the D0 experiment of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Scalar bottom quarks are assumed to decay to a neutralino ((chi) over bar (1)(0)) and a b quark, and we set 95% C.L. lower limits on their production in the (m((b) over bar1), m((chi) over bar 10)) mass plane such as m((b) over bar1) > 247 GeV for m(<(chi)over) (bar>10) = 0 and m((chi) over bar 10) > 110 GeV for 160 m(<(b) over bar1) < 200 GeV. The leptoquarks are assumed to decay to a tau neutrino and a b quark, and we set a 95% C.L. lower limit of 247 GeV on the mass of a charge-1/3 third-generation scalar leptoquark. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abazov, V. M.; Alexeev, G. D.; Golovanov, G.; Kharzheev, Y. N.; Malyshev, V. L.; Tokmenin, V. V.; Vertogradov, L. S.; Yatsunenko, Y. A.] Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. [Otero y Garzon, G. J.; Piegaia, R.; Tanasijczuk, A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Alves, G. A.; Barreto, J.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Polb, M. -E.] LAFEX, Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Begalli, M.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil. [Lietti, S. M.; Novaes, S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Taylor, W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 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[Camacho-Perez, E.; Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; De la Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-De La Cruz, I.; Luna-Garcia, R.; Magana-Villalba, R.; Martinez-Ortega, J.; Orduna, J.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.] CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Houben, P.; van Leeuwen, W. M.] FOM Inst NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Houben, P.; van Leeuwen, W. M.] Univ Amsterdam NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ancu, L. S.; De Jong, S. J.; Filthaut, F.; Meijer, M. M.; Svoisky, P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Gavrilov, V.; Polozov, P.; Safronov, G.; Stolin, V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Boos, E. E.; Bunichev, V.; Dudko, L. V.; Karmanov, D.; Kuzmin, V. A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Bezzubov, V. A.; Denisov, S. P.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Kozelov, A. V.; Lipaev, V. V.; Popov, A. V.; Razumov, I.; Shchukin, A. A.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Vasilyev, I. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Alkhazov, G.; Lobodenko, A.; Neustroev, P.; Obrant, G.; Scheglov, Y.; Uvarov, L.; Uvarov, S.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.] Stockholm & Uppsala Univ, Stockholm Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Bertram, I.; Borissov, G.; Burdin, S.; Fox, H.; Love, P.; Ratoff, P. N.; Sopczak, A.; Williams, M. R. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Beuselinck, R.; Buszello, C. P.; Christoudias, T.; Davies, G.; Hays, J.; Jesik, R.; Jonsson, P.; Osman, N.; Scanlon, T.; Vint, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Harder, K.; Luna-Garcia, R.; Owen, M.; Peters, K.; Peters, Y.; Rich, P.; Schwanenberger, C.; Soeldner-Rembold, S.; Takahashi, M.; Vesterinen, M.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yang, W. -C.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Das, A.; Johns, K.; Mal, P. K.; Varnes, E. W.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ellison, J.; Li, L.; Padilla, M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Askew, A.; Bandurin, D. V.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Aoki, M.; Bagby, L.; Baldin, B.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bellantoni, L.; Bhat, P. C.; Boehnlein, A.; Bross, A.; Casey, B. C. K.; Cihangir, S.; Cooke, M.; Cooper, W. E.; Demarteau, M.; Denisov, D.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, H. E.; Fuess, S.; Greenlee, H.; Granendahl, S.; Gutierrez, G.; Illingworth, R.; Ito, A. S.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Juste, A.; Kasper, P. A.; Khalatyan, N.; Lee, W. M.; Li, Q. Z.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Lyon, A. L.; Penning, B.; Podstavkov, V. M.; Rominsky, M.; Rubinov, P.; Sanghi, B.; Savage, G.; Sirotenko, V.; Stutte, L.; Verzocchi, M.; Weber, M.; Xie, Y.; Yamada, R.; Yasuda, T.; Ye, Z.; Youn, S. W.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Adams, M.; Gerber, C. E.; Strom, D.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Blazey, G.; Chakraborty, D.; Dyshkant, A.; Fortner, M.; Hedin, D.; Menezes, D.; Uzunyan, S.] Univ Illinois, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Buchholz, D.; Kirby, M. H.; Schellman, H.; Yacoob, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Evans, H.; Lammers, S.; Parua, N.; Price, D.; Van Kooten, R.; Zieminska, D.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Chan, K. M.; Hildreth, M. D.; Osta, J.; Ruchti, R.; Smirnov, D.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hauptman, J. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Chen, G.; Clutter, J.; McGivern, C. L.; Moulik, T.; Sekaric, J.; Wilson, G. W.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bolton, T. A.; Kaadze, K.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arov, M.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Sawyer, L.; Wobisch, M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Eno, S.; Ferbel, T.; Wetstein, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, T.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Facini, G.; Haley, J.; Hesketh, G.; Wood, D. R.] NE Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alton, A.; Herner, K.; Neal, H. A.; Qian, J.; Xu, C.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J. A.; Brock, R.; Edmunds, D.; Fisher, W.; Geng, W.; Hall, I.; Kraus, J.; Linnemann, J.; Piper, J.; Schwienhorst, R.; Unalan, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melnitchoukb, A.; Quinn, B.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Claes, D.; DeVaughan, K.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Johnston, D.; Katsanos, I.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Atramentov, O.; Duggan, D.; Gershtein, Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Gerbaudo, D.; Tully, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lashvili, I.; Jain, S.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Strang, M. A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Haas, A.; Johnson, C.; Parsons, J.; Tuts, P. M.; Zivkovic, L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Cammin, J.; Demina, R.; Ferbel, T.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Ginther, G.; Harel, A.; Petrillo, G.; Slattery, R.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Boline, D.; Chakrabarti, S.; Grannis, Rd.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Strauss, E.; Tsybychev, D.; Zhu, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Begel, M.; Evdokimov, A.; Gadfort, T.; Patwa, A.; Pleier, M. -A.; Protopopescu, S.; Snyder, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hossain, S.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Cho, D. K.; Cutts, D.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Heinson, A. P.; Jabeen, S.; Khatidze, D.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Parihar, V.; Partridge, R.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; De, K.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kehoe, R.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Chandra, A.; Corcoran, M.; Mackin, D.; Prewitt, M.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Mulhearn, M.; Zelitch, S.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [BackusMayes, J.; Burnett, T. H.; Dorland, T.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Schlobohm, S.; Verzocchi, M.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Alton, A.; Merkin, M.] Augustana Coll, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Burdin, S.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Haas, A.; Partridge, R.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Juste, A.] ICREA IFAE, Barcelona, Spain. [Luna-Garcia, R.] Ctr Invest Computac IPN, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.] Univ Autonoma Sinaloa, ECFM, Culiacan, Mexico. [Weber, M.] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. RI Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Kozelov, Alexander/J-3812-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Gerbaudo, Davide/J-4536-2012; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Bolton, Tim/A-7951-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Gerbaudo, Davide/0000-0002-4463-0878; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489 FU DOE; NSF (USA); CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI; Rosatom; RFBR (Russia); CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPESP; FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE; DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF; KOSEF (Korea); CONICET; UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC; Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT; GACR (Czech Republic); CRC; NSERC (Canada); BMBF; DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS; CNSF (China) FX We thank the staffs at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom and RFBR (Russia); CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPESP and FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE and DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF and KOSEF (Korea); CONICET and UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC and the Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT and GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program and NSERC (Canada); BMBF and DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); and CAS and CNSF (China). NR 37 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 693 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.08.028 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 665FH UT WOS:000283020100005 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Fries, RJ Ramirez, E AF Rodriguez, R. Fries, R. J. Ramirez, E. TI Event-by-event jet quenching SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Relativistic heavy ion collisions; Quark gluon plasma; Hard probes; Fluctuations ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; COLLABORATION AB High momentum jets and hadrons can be used as probes for the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in nuclear collisions at high energies. We investigate the influence of fluctuations in the fireball on jet quenching observables by comparing propagation of light quarks and gluons through averaged, smooth QGP fireballs with event-by-event jet quenching using realistic inhomogeneous fireballs. We find that the transverse momentum and impact parameter dependence of the nuclear modification factor R(AA) can be fit well in an event-by-event quenching scenario within experimental errors. However the transport coefficient (q) over cap extracted from fits to the measured nuclear modification factor R(AA) in averaged fireballs underestimates the value from event-by-event calculations by up to 50%. On the other hand, after adjusting (q) over cap to fit R(AA) in the event-by-event analysis we find residual deviations in the azimuthal asymmetry v(2) and in two-particle correlations, that provide a possible faint signature for a spatial tomography of the fireball. We discuss a correlation function that is a measure for spatial inhomogeneities in a collision and can be constrained from data. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez, R.; Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rodriguez, R.; Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fries, R. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ramirez, E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Fries, RJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rjfries@comp.tamu.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0847538]; RIKEN/BNL; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0647670] FX This work was supported by CAREER Award PHY-0847538 from the U.S. National Science Foundation, RIKEN/BNL and DOE grant DE-AC02-98CH10886. E.R. thanks the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M for its hospitality and the National Science Foundation for support of the REU program under award PHY-0647670. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 27 PY 2010 VL 693 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.08.023 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 665FH UT WOS:000283020100007 ER PT J AU Petorak, C Ilavsky, J Wang, H Porter, W Trice, R AF Petorak, Chris Ilavsky, Jan Wang, Hsin Porter, Wally Trice, Rodney TI Microstructural evolution of 7 wt.% Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings due to stress relaxation at elevated temperatures and the concomitant changes in thermal conductivity SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasma spray; YSZ; Thermal barrier coatings; Stress relaxation; Small angle neutron scattering; Mechanical properties ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; SPRAYED CERAMIC COATINGS; DEPOSITS; INTERFACES; POROSITY; SURFACE; ANGLE; YSZ AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of stress and temperature on the microstructure of air plasma-sprayed 7 wt.% Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings, and relate microstructural changes to the thermal conductivity, k(th). To simulate TBC service conditions, stand-alone tubes of YSZ were stress relaxed, starting from a compressive stress of 60 MPa, at temperatures of 1000 degrees C or 1200 degrees C. The duration of the stress relaxation test was either 5 min or 3 h. Detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Porod's specific surface area (SSA) analysis of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) results were used to determine which void systems, either interlamellar pores or intralamellar cracks, contributed to the observed relaxation of stress in the coatings. SEM investigations revealed closure of intralamellar cracks located perpendicular to the stress direction. For thinner YSZ coatings, SANS measurements indicated a statistically significant reduction in the total SSA and SSA associated with intralamellar cracks after stress relaxation at the times, temperatures, and stress investigated compared to those samples that were exposed to identical times and temperatures, but no stress. The SSA associated with the interlamellar pores was not significantly smaller in YSZ coatings stress relaxed from 60 MPa at 1200 degrees C for 3 h compared to as-sprayed coatings. The thermal conductivity of the coatings was strongly influenced by stress, with increases in k(th) observed after only 5 min at 60 MPa and 1200 degrees C. Reductions in the total SSA were directly linked to increases in k(th). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Petorak, Chris; Trice, Rodney] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wang, Hsin; Porter, Wally] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Trice, R (reprint author), Neil Armstrong Hall Engn,701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rtrice@purdue.edu RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0134286]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Major portions of this research were funded by the National Science Foundation via grant DMR-0134286. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This project involved research sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Boualem of NIST for his valuable contributions. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP 25 PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.06.007 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 658MT UT WOS:000282494800009 ER PT J AU Apostol, MI Sawaya, MR Cascio, D Eisenberg, D AF Apostol, Marcin I. Sawaya, Michael R. Cascio, Duilio Eisenberg, David TI Crystallographic Studies of Prion Protein (PrP) Segments Suggest How Structural Changes Encoded by Polymorphism at Residue 129 Modulate Susceptibility to Human Prion Disease SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; AMYLOID-LIKE FIBRILS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CROSS-BETA SPINE; CONFORMATIONAL CONVERSION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NMR STRUCTURE; VARIANT CJD; SCRAPIE; GENOTYPE AB A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in codon 129 of the human prion gene, leading to a change from methionine to valine at residue 129 of prion protein (PrP), has been shown to be a determinant in the susceptibility to prion disease. However, the molecular basis of this effect remains unexplained. In the current study, we determined crystal structures of prion segments having either Met or Val at residue 129. These 6-residue segments of PrP centered on residue 129 are "steric zippers," pairs of interacting beta-sheets. Both structures of these " homozygous steric zippers" reveal direct intermolecular interactions between Met or Val in one sheet and the identical residue in the mating sheet. These two structures, plus a structure-based model of the heterozygous Met-Val steric zipper, suggest an explanation for the previously observed effects of this locus on prion disease susceptibility and progression. C1 [Apostol, Marcin I.; Sawaya, Michael R.; Cascio, Duilio; Eisenberg, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), 201 Boyer Hall,Box 951570,611 Charles Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu FU National Institutes of Health; Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research [GM007185]; National Science Foundation; Department of Defense; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; UCLA Dissertation Year Fellowship FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by a National Institutes of Health grant (to D.E.) and Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award GM007185 (to M.I.A.). This work was also supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to D.E.) and the UCLA Dissertation Year Fellowship (to M.I.A.). NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 285 IS 39 BP 29671 EP 29675 DI 10.1074/jbc.C110.158303 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 652EK UT WOS:000281984300001 PM 20685658 ER PT J AU Deng, B Parthasarathy, S Wang, WF Gibney, BR Battaile, KP Lovell, S Benson, DR Zhu, H AF Deng, Bin Parthasarathy, Sudharsan Wang, WenFang Gibney, Brian R. Battaile, Kevin P. Lovell, Scott Benson, David R. Zhu, Hao TI Study of the Individual Cytochrome b(5) and Cytochrome b(5) Reductase Domains of Ncb5or Reveals a Unique Heme Pocket and a Possible Role of the CS Domain SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; NITRATE REDUCTASE; SULFITE OXIDASE; MOLECULAR-REPLACEMENT; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; APOCYTOCHROME B(5); FUSION PROTEIN; BIS-HISTIDINE; EXPRESSION; COMPLEXES AB NADH cytochrome b(5) oxidoreductase (Ncb5or) is found in animals and contains three domains similar to cytochrome b5 (b(5)), CHORD-SGT1 (CS), and cytochrome b5 reductase (b(5)R). Ncb5or has an important function, as suggested by the diabetes and lipoatrophy phenotypes in Ncb5or null mice. To elucidate the structural and functional properties of human Ncb5or, we generated its individual b5 and b5R domains (Ncb5or-b(5) and Ncb5or-b(5)R, respectively) and compared them with human microsomal b5 (Cyb5A) and b(5)R(Cyb5R3). A1.25 angstrom x-ray crystal structure of Ncb5or-b(5) reveals nearly orthogonal planes of the imidazolyl rings of heme-ligating residues His(89) and His(112), consistent with a highly anisotropic low spin EPR spectrum. Ncb5or is the first member of the cytochrome b(5) family shown to have such a heme environment. Like other b(5) family members, Ncb5or-b(5) has two helix-loop-helix motifs surrounding heme. However, Ncb5or-b5 differs from Cyb5A with respect to location of the second heme ligand (His(112)) and of polypeptide conformation in its vicinity. Electron transfer from Ncb5or-b5R to Ncb5or-b(5) is much less efficient than from Cyb5R3 to Cyb5A, possibly as a consequence of weaker electrostatic interactions. The CS linkage probably obviates the need for strong interactions between b(5) and b5R domains in Ncb5or. Studies with a construct combining the Ncb5or CS and b(5)R domains suggest that the CS domain facilitates docking of the b(5) and b(5)R domains. Trp(114) is an invariant surface residue in all known Ncb5or orthologs but appears not to contribute to electron transfer from the b(5)R domain to the b(5) domain. C1 [Parthasarathy, Sudharsan; Benson, David R.] Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Zhu, Hao] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Lab Sci, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Deng, Bin; Wang, WenFang; Zhu, Hao] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy & Rehabil Sci, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Zhu, Hao] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Benson, David R.] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Lovell, Scott] Univ Kansas, Prot Struct Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. [Battaile, Kevin P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ind Macromol Crystallog Assoc Collaborat Access T, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gibney, Brian R.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Benson, DR (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM drb@ku.edu; hzhu@kumc.edu OI Gibney, Brian/0000-0002-8966-7463; Battaile, Kevin/0000-0003-0833-3259 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 DK067355, 5P20 RR17708]; American Heart Association [0755879T]; United States Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38]; Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association through Center for Advanced Radiation Sources at the University of Chicago FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant RO1 DK067355 (to H. Franklin Bunn and H.Z.) and by National Institutes of Health Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence-Protein Structure and Function award 5P20 RR17708 (to the University of Kansas, R. P. Hanzlik, P.I.). This work was also supported by American Heart Association Grant-in-Aid 0755879T (to B.R.G.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the United States Department of Energy under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, and use of the Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association Collaborative Access Team beamline 17-ID was supported by the companies of the Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association through a contract with the Center for Advanced Radiation Sources at the University of Chicago. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 285 IS 39 BP 30181 EP 30191 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.120329 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 652EK UT WOS:000281984300055 PM 20630863 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Denton, RE Johnson, JR AF Hu, Y. Denton, R. E. Johnson, J. R. TI Two-dimensional hybrid code simulation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves of multi-ion plasmas in a dipole magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULF WAVES; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; DEPLETION LAYER; MODE-CONVERSION; SOURCE REGION; INSTABILITY; MAGNETOSHEATH; ABSORPTION; ANISOTROPY AB A two-dimensional hybrid code (particle ions and fluid electrons) is used to simulate EMIC waves in a H(+)-He(+)-O(+) plasma in a dipole magnetic field. The waves are driven by energetic ring current protons with anisotropic temperature (T(perpendicular to p)/T(parallel to p) > 1). The initial state of the plasma is derived from an anisotropic MHD code so that the system is in MHD equilibrium, J x B-del.P = 0. The cold species (with temperature of similar to eV) are assumed to be isotropic and have a spatially uniform density distribution. We choose our parameters so that the EMIC waves are generated near the magnetic equator with frequencies Omega(O)+ < omega < Omega(He+). The presence of each heavy-ion species introduces a new dispersion surface. When the waves grow near the equator, they are dominantly left-handed polarized and have small wave normal angle. While propagating toward high latitudes, the waves become linearly or right-handed polarized with a larger normal angle, and they encounter the second harmonic of the O(+) cyclotron frequency, the He(+)-O(+) bi-ion frequency, and possibly the first harmonic of the O(+) cyclotron frequency. In this process, some waves are absorbed by the wave-particle interaction, some waves are reflected by the He(+)-O(+) bi-ion frequency, some are transmitted on the same dispersion surface, and some may tunnel through the so-called stop band. The relative importance of these effects varies with the ion composition and especially with the concentration of O(+), eta(O+) = n(O+)/n(e). For instance, for eta(O+) << 0.5%, essentially all the wave energy passes through the resonances to reach the ionospheric boundary. For eta(O+) = 0.5% (the case examined in most detail), the time-averaged Poynting vector at high latitudes is almost always in the poleward direction, even though clear evidence of some reflection at the He(+)-O(+) bi-ion resonance is seen. C1 [Hu, Y.; Denton, R. E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hu, Y (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM yonggang.hu@dartmouth.edu FU NSF/DOE [ATM0903896]; NSF [ATM-0120950] FX We thank Mary Hudson and Robyn Millan for helpful discussions. Y. H. was supported by NSF/DOE grant ATM0903896. R. D. was supported by NSF grant ATM-0120950 (Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling, CISM, funded by the NSF Science and Technology Centers Programs) and by NASA grant NNX08AI36G (Heliophysics Theory Program). J.J. was supported by NSF grant ATM-0902730, NASA grants NNH09AM53I and NNH09AK63I, and DoE contract DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A09218 DI 10.1029/2009JA015158 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 656JP UT WOS:000282327400002 ER PT J AU Tchigvintsev, A Xu, XH Singer, A Chang, C Brown, G Proudfoott, M Cui, H Flick, R Anderson, WF Joachimiak, A Galperin, MY Savchenko, A Yakunin, AF AF Tchigvintsev, Anatoli Xu, Xiaohui Singer, Alexander Chang, Changsoo Brown, Greg Proudfoott, Michael Cui, Hong Flick, Robert Anderson, Wayne F. Joachimiak, Andrzej Galperin, Michael Y. Savchenko, Alexei Yakunin, Alexander F. TI Structural Insight into the Mechanism of c-di-GMP Hydrolysis by EAL Domain Phosphodiesterases SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EAL domain; c-di-GMP; phosphodiesterase; X-ray crystallography; Thiobacillus denitrificans ID II RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; REGULATES BIOFILM FORMATION; 3'-5' EXONUCLEASE ACTIVITY; METAL-ION MECHANISM; CYCLIC DIGUANYLATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; ACETOBACTER-XYLINUM; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS AB Cyclic diguanylate (or bis-(3'-5') cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate; c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates diverse cellular functions, including motility, biofilm formation, cell cycle progression, and virulence in bacteria. In the cell, degradation of c-di-GMP is catalyzed by highly specific EAL domain phosphodiesterases whose catalytic mechanism is still unclear. Here, we purified 13 EAL domain proteins from various organisms and demonstrated that their catalytic activity is associated with the presence of 10 conserved EAL domain residues. The crystal structure of the TBD1265 EAL domain was determined in free state (1.8 angstrom) and in complex with c-di-GMP (2.35 angstrom), and unveiled the role of conserved residues in substrate binding and catalysis. The structure revealed the presence of two metal ions directly coordinated by six conserved residues, two oxygens of c-di-GMP phosphate, and potential catalytic water molecule. Our results support a two-metal-ion catalytic mechanism of c-di-GMP hydrolysis by EAL domain phosphodiesterases. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tchigvintsev, Anatoli; Xu, Xiaohui; Singer, Alexander; Brown, Greg; Proudfoott, Michael; Cui, Hong; Flick, Robert; Savchenko, Alexei; Yakunin, Alexander F.] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. [Tchigvintsev, Anatoli; Xu, Xiaohui; Singer, Alexander; Brown, Greg; Proudfoott, Michael; Cui, Hong; Flick, Robert; Savchenko, Alexei; Yakunin, Alexander F.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. [Chang, Changsoo; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom & Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Anderson, Wayne F.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Anderson, Wayne F.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Galperin, Michael Y.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. RP Yakunin, AF (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, 112 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. EM a.iakounine@utoronto.ca RI Galperin, Michael/B-5859-2013; Yakunin, Alexander/J-1519-2014; OI Galperin, Michael/0000-0002-2265-5572; Yakunin, Alexander/0000-0003-0813-6490 FU Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health FX We thank all members of the Ontario Center for Structural Proteomics in Toronto for help with the conduct of experiments and for discussions. We acknowledge the support of Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute) and the Protein Structure Initiative of the National Institutes of Health (Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, National Institutes of Health grant GM074942 to A.J.). The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science. The use of Structural Biology Center beamlines was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. M. Y.G. was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. NR 56 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 402 IS 3 BP 524 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.07.050 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 663YZ UT WOS:000282927400003 PM 20691189 ER PT J AU Dilanian, RA Williams, GJ Whitehead, LW Vine, DJ Peele, AG Balaur, E McNulty, I Quiney, HM Nugent, KA AF Dilanian, R. A. Williams, G. J. Whitehead, L. W. Vine, D. J. Peele, A. G. Balaur, E. McNulty, I. Quiney, H. M. Nugent, K. A. TI Coherent diffractive imaging: a new statistically regularized amplitude constraint SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB Statistical information about measurement errors is incorporated in an algorithm that reconstructs the image of an object from x-ray diffraction data. The distribution function of measurement errors is included directly into reconstruction processes using a statistically based amplitude constraint. The algorithm is tested using simulated and experimental data and is shown to yield high-quality reconstructions in the presence of noise. This approach can be generalized to incorporate experimentally determined measurement error functions into image reconstruction algorithms. C1 [Dilanian, R. A.; Williams, G. J.; Whitehead, L. W.; Vine, D. J.; Quiney, H. M.; Nugent, K. A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, ARC Ctr Excellence Coherent Xray Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Peele, A. G.; Balaur, E.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, ARC Ctr Excellence Coherent Xray Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [McNulty, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dilanian, RA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, ARC Ctr Excellence Coherent Xray Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM roubend@unimelb.edu.au RI Williams, Garth/H-1606-2012; Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016; Balaur, Eugeniu/J-5865-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478; Balaur, Eugeniu/0000-0003-4029-2055 FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science; Australian Synchrotron Research Program; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science and the Australian Synchrotron Research Program. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 093042 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/9/093042 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 687FO UT WOS:000284764600005 ER PT J AU Sobol, AV Bruhwiler, DL Bell, GI Fedotov, A Litvinenko, V AF Sobol, A. V. Bruhwiler, D. L. Bell, G. I. Fedotov, A. Litvinenko, V. TI Numerical calculation of dynamical friction in electron cooling systems, including magnetic field perturbations and finite time effects SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The orders-of-magnitude higher luminosities required by future electron-ion collider concepts require a dissipative force to counteract the numerous factors acting to gradually increase the phase space volume of relativistic ion beams. High-energy electron cooling systems could provide the necessary dissipation via dynamical friction, but will have to be designed for new parameter regimes. It is expected that magnetic field errors, finite interaction time and other effects will reduce the dynamical friction and hence increase the cooling time, so improved understanding of the underlying dynamics is important. We present a generalized form of the classical field-free friction force equation, which conveniently captures some of these effects. Previous work (Bell et al 2008 J. Comput. Phys. 227 8714) shows both numerical and conceptual subtleties associated with undersampling of strong collisions, and we present a rigorous mathematical treatment of such difficulties, based on the use of a modified Pareto distribution for the electron-ion impact parameters. We also present a very efficient numerical algorithm for calculating the dynamical friction on a single ion in the field free case. For the case of arbitrary magnetic field errors, we present numerical simulation results, showing agreement with our generalized friction force formula. C1 [Sobol, A. V.; Bruhwiler, D. L.; Bell, G. I.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Fedotov, A.; Litvinenko, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sobol, AV (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM sobol@txcorp.com FU US DOE Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FC02-07ER41499, DE-FG02-08ER85182, DE-FG02-04ER84094]; Tech-X Corp.; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the US DOE Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics through grant numbers DE-FC02-07ER41499, DE-FG02-08ER85182 and DE-FG02-04ER84094 and in part by Tech-X Corp. This research used the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 093038 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/9/093038 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 687FO UT WOS:000284764600001 ER PT J AU Jenkins, GS Schmadel, DC Sushkov, AB Gu, GD Kontani, H Drew, HD AF Jenkins, G. S. Schmadel, D. C. Sushkov, A. B. Gu, G. D. Kontani, H. Drew, H. D. TI Terahertz Hall measurements on optimally doped single-crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NORMAL-STATE TRANSPORT; T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; FERMI-SURFACE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; THIN-FILMS; QUANTUM OSCILLATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; VORTEX CORES; PSEUDOGAP AB The infrared Hall angle in optimally doped single-crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x was measured from 3.05 to 21.75 meV as a continuous function of temperature from 25 to 300 K. In the normal state, the temperature dependence of the real part of the cotangent of the infrared Hall angle obeys the same power law as dc measurements. The measured Hall frequency omega(H) is significantly larger than the expected value based on angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data analyzed in terms of the relaxation-time approximation. This discrepancy as well as the temperature dependence of Re(cot theta(H)) and omega(H) is well described by a Fermi-liquid theory in which current vertex corrections produced by electron-magnon scattering are included. C1 [Jenkins, G. S.; Schmadel, D. C.; Sushkov, A. B.; Drew, H. D.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gu, G. D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kontani, H.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Jenkins, GS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013 OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255 FU NSF [DMR-0030112]; CNAM; DOE [DE-AC0298CH10886] FX This work was supported by the CNAM, NSF (Contract No. DMR-0030112), and DOE (Contract No. DE-AC0298CH10886). The authors extend their thanks to Geoff Evans and Jeffrey R. Simpson for their assistance in performing the various reported measurements, Matthew Grayson for supplying the GaAs 2-DEG sample, and Andrea Damascelli and Giorgio Levy for providing ARPES T1-2201 data. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 094518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094518 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 653UH UT WOS:000282121900004 ER PT J AU Lahiri, D Shibata, T Chattopadhyay, S Kanungo, S Saha-Dasgupta, T Singh, RS Sharma, SM Maiti, K AF Lahiri, Debdutta Shibata, T. Chattopadhyay, S. Kanungo, Sudipta Saha-Dasgupta, T. Singh, R. S. Sharma, Surinder M. Maiti, Kalobaran TI Evidence of active role played by the nonmagnetic element Sr in magnetostructural coupling in SrRuO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DISORDER; CARUO3; FERROMAGNETISM; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITIONS; ANISOTROPY; PARTICLE; SYSTEMS AB We study the magnetic transition in SrRuO3, the only itinerant 4d ferromagnet, employing x-ray absorption fine structure study and state-of-the-art band-structure calculations. Both experimental and theoretical results reveal an unusual evolution of the local structural parameters around the spectator element, Sr, across the magnetic transition. Interestingly, such evolution of the Sr-related bonds nucleate at a temperature, T*, higher than the magnetic transition temperature, indicating the presence of a precursor effect. Contrary to common belief, these results point to the active role played by the Sr ion in the magnetostructural coupling present in this compound. C1 [Lahiri, Debdutta; Sharma, Surinder M.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, High Pressure & Synchrotron Radiat Phys Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Shibata, T.; Chattopadhyay, S.] IIT, BCPS Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Shibata, T.; Chattopadhyay, S.] CSRRI IIT, MRCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kanungo, Sudipta; Saha-Dasgupta, T.] SN Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Adv Mat Res Unit, Kolkata 700098, India. [Singh, R. S.; Maiti, Kalobaran] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Lahiri, D (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, High Pressure & Synchrotron Radiat Phys Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. EM debdutta.lahiri@gmail.com; tanusri@bose.res.in; kbmaiti@tifr.res.in RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU Department of Energy; MRCAT; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX MRCAT operations were supported by the Department of Energy and MRCAT host institutions. Usage of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 9 AR 094440 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094440 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 653UH UT WOS:000282121900002 ER PT J AU Grossmann, BN McElrath, B Nandi, S Rai, SK AF Grossmann, B. N. McElrath, B. Nandi, S. Rai, Santosh Kumar TI Hidden extra U(1) at the electroweak/TeV scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONS; MATTER; GAUGE; MODEL AB We propose a simple extension of the standard model (SM) by adding an extra U(1) symmetry which is hidden from the SM sector. Such a hidden U(1) has not been considered before, and its existence at the TeV scale can be explored at the LHC. This hidden U(1) does not couple directly to the SM particles, and couples only to new SU(2)(L) singlet exotic quarks and singlet Higgs bosons, and is broken at the TeV scale. The dominant signals at the high-energy hadron colliders are multilepton and multi-b-jet final states with or without missing energy. We calculate the signal rates as well as the corresponding standard model background for these final states. A very distinctive signal is 6 high p(T) b-jets in the final state with no missing energy. For a wide range of the exotic quarks masses the signals are observable above the background at the LHC. C1 [Grossmann, B. N.; Nandi, S.; Rai, Santosh Kumar] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Grossmann, B. N.; Nandi, S.; Rai, Santosh Kumar] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Ctr High Energy Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [McElrath, B.] Heidelberg Univ, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Nandi, S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Grossmann, BN (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM benjamin.grossmann@okstate.edu; bob.mcelrath@cern.ch; s.nandi@okstate.edu; santosh.rai@okstate.edu FU Fermilab Theory Group; CERN Theory Group; Helsinki Institute of Physics; United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER41306, DE-FG02-04ER46140] FX We thank T. Stelzer and F. Maltoni for several useful communications regarding the MADGRAPH and MADEVENT packages. S. Nandi thanks the Fermilab Theory Group for their warm hospitality and support from their Summer Visitor Program during the completion of this work. S. Nandi also thanks the CERN Theory Group for warm hospitality and support while part of this work was done. S. K. Rai would like to acknowledge and thank the Helsinki Institute of Physics for their support and hospitality. The work of B. N. G., S. N., and S. K. R. is supported in part by the United States Department of Energy, Grant Nos. DE-FG02-04ER41306 and DE-FG02-04ER46140. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 055021 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.055021 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 653XL UT WOS:000282131200004 ER PT J AU Minh, DDL AF Minh, David D. L. TI Optimized replica gas estimation of absolute integrals and partition functions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; FREE-ENERGY; SYSTEMS AB In contrast with most Monte Carlo integration algorithms, which are used to estimate ratios, the replica gas identities recently introduced by Adib enable the estimation of absolute integrals and partition functions using multiple copies of a system and normalized transition functions. Here, an optimized form is presented. After generalizing a replica gas identity with an arbitrary weighting function, we obtain a functional form that has the minimal asymptotic variance for samples from two replicas and is provably good for a larger number. This equation is demonstrated to improve the convergence of partition function estimates in a two-dimensional Ising model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Minh, DDL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM daveminh@gmail.com RI Minh, David/A-4655-2009 OI Minh, David/0000-0002-4802-2618 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 AR 031132 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.031132 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 653YJ UT WOS:000282134100001 PM 21230050 ER PT J AU Candelier, R Widmer-Cooper, A Kummerfeld, JK Dauchot, O Biroli, G Harrowell, P Reichman, DR AF Candelier, R. Widmer-Cooper, A. Kummerfeld, J. K. Dauchot, O. Biroli, G. Harrowell, P. Reichman, D. R. TI Spatiotemporal Hierarchy of Relaxation Events, Dynamical Heterogeneities, and Structural Reorganization in a Supercooled Liquid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VISCOUS-LIQUIDS; GLASS; TRANSITION AB We identify the pattern of microscopic dynamical relaxation for a two-dimensional glass-forming liquid. On short time scales, bursts of irreversible particle motion, called cage jumps, aggregate into clusters. On larger time scales, clusters aggregate both spatially and temporally into avalanches. This propagation of mobility takes place along the soft regions of the systems, which have been identified by computing isoconfigurational Debye-Waller maps. Our results characterize the way in which dynamical heterogeneity evolves in moderately supercooled liquids and reveal that it is astonishingly similar to the one found for dense glassy granular media. C1 [Candelier, R.; Dauchot, O.] CNRS, URA 2464, CEA Saclay, SPEC, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Widmer-Cooper, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kummerfeld, J. K.; Harrowell, P.] Univ Sydney, Dept Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Biroli, G.] IPhT, CEA, Inst Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Biroli, G.] CNRS, URA 2306, F-75700 Paris, France. [Reichman, D. R.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Candelier, R (reprint author), CNRS, URA 2464, CEA Saclay, SPEC, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Widmer-Cooper, Asaph/E-6923-2010; Dauchot, Olivier/D-7156-2015; OI Widmer-Cooper, Asaph/0000-0001-5459-6960; Dauchot, Olivier/0000-0002-7039-5787; Kummerfeld, Jonathan/0000-0001-5030-3016 FU ANR [DYNHET 07-BLAN-0157-01]; National Science Foundation; Australian Research Council FX We would like to thank J.-P. Bouchaud and L. Berthier for fruitful discussions. G. B., R. C., and O.D. were partially supported by ANR DYNHET 07-BLAN-0157-01. D. R. R. would like to thank the National Science Foundation for financial support. P. H. is supported through the Discovery program of the Australian Research Council. A. W. thanks the School of Chemistry at the University of Sydney for computer time on the Silica cluster. NR 23 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 13 AR 135702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.135702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 653ZC UT WOS:000282136900008 PM 21230788 ER PT J AU Hartemann, FV Albert, F Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF Hartemann, Frederic V. Albert, Felicie Siders, Craig W. Barty, C. P. J. TI Low-Intensity Nonlinear Spectral Effects in Compton Scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ELECTRON; FOCUS; RAYS AB Nonlinear effects are known to occur in Compton scattering light sources, when the laser normalized potential A approaches unity. In this Letter, it is shown that nonlinear spectral features can appear at arbitrarily low values of A, if the fractional bandwidth of the laser pulse Delta phi(-1) is sufficiently small to satisfy A(2)Delta phi similar or equal to 1. A three-dimensional analysis, based on a local plane wave, slow-varying envelope approximation, enables the study of these effects for realistic interactions between an electron beam and a laser pulse, and their influence on high-precision Compton scattering light sources. C1 [Hartemann, Frederic V.; Albert, Felicie; Siders, Craig W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hartemann, FV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Albert, Felicie/G-2645-2013 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security under DNDO [HSHQDC-09-X-00554/0001] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under DNDO Contract No. HSHQDC-09-X-00554/0001. One of us (F. V. H.) wishes to thank D. T. Santa Maria for important discussions on simulation optimization. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 13 AR 130801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.130801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 653ZC UT WOS:000282136900001 PM 21230757 ER PT J AU Ligeti, Z Papucci, M Perez, G Zupan, J AF Ligeti, Zoltan Papucci, Michele Perez, Gilad Zupan, Jure TI Implications of the Dimuon CP Asymmetry in Bd,s Decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; LARGE TAN-BETA; STANDARD MODEL; UNITARITY TRIANGLE; B DECAYS; SUPERSYMMETRY; DUALITY AB The D0 Collaboration reported a 3.2 sigma deviation from the standard model (SM) prediction in the likesign dimuon asymmetry. Assuming that new physics contributes only to B-d,B-s mixing, we show that the data can be analyzed without using the theoretical calculation of Delta Gamma(s), allowing for robust interpretations. We find that this framework gives a good fit to all measurements, including the recent CDF Collaboration S-psi phi result. The data allow universal new physics with similar contributions relative to the SM in the B-d and B-s systems, but favors a larger deviation in B-s than in B-d mixing. The general minimal flavor violation framework with flavor diagonal CP violating phases can account for the former case and remarkably even for the latter case. This observation makes it simpler to speculate about which extensions with general flavor structure may also fit the data. C1 [Ligeti, Zoltan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Papucci, Michele] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Perez, Gilad] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Zupan, Jure] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Zupan, Jure] Josef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Zupan, Jure] SISSA, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. RP Ligeti, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [PHY 0907744]; ISF [1087/09]; EU [PIEF-GA-2009-252847]; Slovenian Research Agency FX We thank Ben Grinstein, Yonit Hochberg, Jernej Kamenik, Heiko Lacker, and Yossi Nir for useful discussions. Z.L. thanks the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality while this work was completed. The work of Z.L. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work of M. P. was supported by the NSF under Grant No. PHY 0907744. G. P. is supported by the ISF (No. 1087/09), Marie Curie. J.Z. is supported by the EU Marie Curie IEF Grant No. PIEF-GA-2009-252847 and by the Slovenian Research Agency. NR 47 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 13 AR 131601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.131601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 653ZC UT WOS:000282136900002 PM 21230761 ER PT J AU Wu, AT Swenson, DR Insepov, Z AF Wu, A. T. Swenson, D. R. Insepov, Z. TI Modification on surface oxide layer structure and surface morphology of niobium by gas cluster ion beam treatments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Recently, it was demonstrated that significant reductions in field emission on Nb surfaces could be achieved by means of a new surface treatment technique called gas cluster ion beam (GCIB). Further study as shown in this paper revealed that GCIB treatments could modify surface irregularities and remove surface asperities leading to a smoother surface finish as demonstrated through measurements using a 3D profilometer, an atomic force microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. These experimental observations were supported by computer simulation via atomistic molecular dynamics and a phenomenological surface dynamics. Measurements employing a secondary ion mass spectrometry found that GCIB could also alter Nb surface oxide layer structure. Possible implications of the experimental results on the performance of Nb superconducting radio frequency cavities treated by GCIB will be discussed. First experimental results on Nb single cell superconducting radio frequency cavities treated by GCIB will be reported. C1 [Wu, A. T.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Swenson, D. R.] Passport Syst Inc, Billerica, MA 01862 USA. [Insepov, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, AT (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM andywu@jlab.org RI Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013 OI Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-84-ER40150] FX A.T. Wu would like to thank Peter Kneisel for his support in rf tests of the cavity and G. Ciovati for some useful discussions and confirmation regarding the fitting to Fig. 12. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC05-84-ER40150. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 13 IS 9 AR 093504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.093504 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 654AB UT WOS:000282139400003 ER EF