FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Boutchko, R Canning, A Chaudhry, A Weber, M Derenzo, S AF Boutchko, Rostyslav Canning, Andrew Chaudhry, Anurag Weber, Marv Derenzo, Stephen GP IEEE TI First principles computation study of Ce scintillation in YI(3) SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Reports on high light output in yttrium triiodide doped with cerium in combination with its high stopping power, make this compound a good candidate for a successful scintillation detector. We present a thorough theoretical analysis of the processes that occur in YI(3):Ce during scintillation. Our method includes first principles electronic structure calculations for the cerium-doped compound using density functional based methods to determine the positions of the 4f and 5d states relative to the valence and conduction bands of the host materials. This method has been developed as an integral component of a High Throughput Scintillator Discovery facility based at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. The method has been used for over 70 different compounds doped with cerium and shown to have consistent correspondence with experiment and good predictive power. In addition to the ground state calculations, we simulate excited state (Ce(3+))(star) by constraining the occupancy of states so that it mimics the excitation. In this work, we report the results of host crystal energy gap computation, ionic relaxation for cerium-yttrium substitution, density of states calculated for ground state and excited state cases, Stokes shift relaxation, and the spatial distribution of the excited state wave function. Previously, we have established that the scintillation luminosity is influenced by the combination of the following parameters: (1) the size of the host material bandgap, (2) the energy difference between the valence band maximum of the host material and the Ce 4f level valence, and (3) the level of localization of the (Ce 3)(star) electron state on the Cc atom. All three of these parameters have been calculated for YI(3):Ce and are in full correspondence with high luminosity reported for this compound. C1 [Boutchko, Rostyslav; Canning, Andrew; Chaudhry, Anurag; Weber, Marv; Derenzo, Stephen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boutchko, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RBuchko@lbl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 526 EP 527 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000118 ER PT S AU Kouzes, RT Ely, JH Flumerfelt, EL Hensley, WK McCormick, KR Siciliano, ER AF Kouzes, Richard T. Ely, James H. Flumerfelt, Eric L. Hensley, Walter K. McCormick, Kathleen R. Siciliano, Edward R. GP IEEE TI Skyshine Interference with Radiation Detection Systems SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID GAMMA-RAYS; ENERGY AB Skyshine, the radiation scattered from the air above a source, such as radiography or x-ray imaging sources, can produce interference with radiation detection systems even at very large distances. Skyshine has been studied for many years, but almost entirely within the context of nuclear power and radioactive waste storage. Those studies showed that modeling of skyshine must take into account multiple scatterings and the corresponding large volumes of air. This paper reports on results from various mitigation approaches to the shyshine interference problem as it affects radiation detection systems. C1 [Kouzes, Richard T.; Ely, James H.; Flumerfelt, Eric L.; Hensley, Walter K.; McCormick, Kathleen R.; Siciliano, Edward R.] PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kouzes, RT (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rkouzes@pnl.gov; james.ely@pnl.gov; eric.flumerfelt@pnl.gov; walter.hensley@pnl.gov; kathy.mccormick@pnl.gov; edward.siciliano@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 534 EP 535 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000120 ER PT S AU Mattingly, J Mitchell, DJ AF Mattingly, John Mitchell, Dean J. GP IEEE TI A Framework for the Solution of Inverse Radiation Transport Problems SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Radiation sensing applications for SNM detection, identification, and characterization all face the same fundamental problem: each to varying degrees must infer the presence, identity, and configuration of a radiation source given a set of radiation signatures. This is a problem of inverse radiation transport: given the outcome of a measurement, what was the source and transport medium that caused that observation? This paper presents a framework for solving inverse radiation transport problems, describes its essential components, and illustrates its features and performance. C1 [Mattingly, John; Mitchell, Dean J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mattingly, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jkmatti@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 540 EP 545 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000122 ER PT S AU Moss, CE Felsher, PD Rooney, BD AF Moss, C. E. Felsher, P. D. Rooney, B. D. GP IEEE TI Library of Radioisotope Identifier Spectra SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We have measured spectra with good statistics from many common industrial and medical radioisotopes by using a variety of commercially available radioisotope identifiers and have assembled them into a comprehensive computer library. The identifiers used included the ORTEC Detective and ORTEC Detective EX, Target identiFINDER (LaBr(3) and Nal), SAIC Exploranium GR-135, and Thermo Electron Interceptor. A library of spectra is useful, for example, when an identifier algorithm is unable to correctly identify the isotope(s) present with high confidence, and manual analysis is therefore required. An identifier may not be able to correctly identify an isotope because of problems like unresolved peaks, pileup, backscatter peaks, Compton edges, and incorrect calibration, and we discuss and compare some of these features in specific identifiers. Sources in our library include (133)Ba, (109)Cd, (57)Co, (60)Co, (134)Cs, (137)CS, (152)Eu, (154)Eu, (153)Gd, (166m)Ho, (131)I, (177m)Lu, (54)Mn, (22)Na, (226)Ra, (113)Sn, (228)Th, (88)Y, and (65)Zn, but new sources and identifiers are continually added as they become available. The library contains measurement parameters such as the calibration parameters, run time, live time, source strength, and source-to-detector distance. Spectra are saved in the international standard format SPE, which can be read by many commercial multichannel analyzer software programs. Spectra from the library can be visually compared with an unknown spectrum using these software programs to manually identify the radioisotope. This library of spectra is expected to become a valuable asset for the identifier community. C1 [Moss, C. E.; Felsher, P. D.; Rooney, B. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmoss@lanl.gov; pfelsher@lanl.gov; rooney@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 560 EP 563 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000126 ER PT S AU Ely, JH Kernan, WJ Kouzes, RT Siciliano, ER AF Ely, James H. Kernan, Warnick J. Kouzes, Richard T. Siciliano, Edward R. GP IEEE TI Shielding and Build-up Considerations for Radiation Detection SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Shielding for gamma radiation has traditionally focused on the reduction of dose effects. For these applications, reducing the energy of the radiation is important along with reducing the actual number of photons, and therefore large masses of high Z material are typically used. However, for measurements requiring low backgrounds or for detecting low activity signals, such as in homeland security applications, the primary use of shielding is to decrease the total number of background photons (perhaps in a region of interest), and therefore the processes of buildup and down scattering become important. In these applications, where the important measure is count rate instead of dose and low background are important, improved reduction in counts from background radiation may be achieved with specially designed configurations of thin layers of different materials instead of a single thick layer. This paper describes recent modeling and experimental investigations in layered-shielding methodology, provides results with comparison to single shielding material such as Pb, and discusses applications of detector systems for homeland security. C1 [Ely, James H.; Kernan, Warnick J.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Siciliano, Edward R.] PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ely, JH (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.ely@pnl.gov; warnick.kernan@pnl.gov; rkouzes@pnl.gov; edward.siciliano@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 567 EP 568 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000128 ER PT S AU Robinson, SM Bender, SE LoPresti, CA Woodring, ML AF Robinson, S. M. Bender, S. E. LoPresti, C. A. Woodring, M. L. GP IEEE TI Time Series Evaluation of Portal Monitor Data SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Radiation portal monitor (RPM) systems perform cargo screening at U.S. and other ports of entry. The data from these systems are routinely evaluated in regard to energy spectrum and total count rate above background. However, few analyses are performed on the time progression of data. In this work, the time series of data from an RPM system are evaluated for the presence of sources of interest by isolating the contribution of anomalous radiation. Source contributions are isolated by comparing the background spectra (or energy-windowed spectral information from low energy-resolution systems) to the spectrum at each successive time step. At every time in the data sequence, the total gross-count signal is turned into a "spectral distance" index using this method. This has the potential to dramatically reduce systematic fluctuations due to background attenuation by a vehicle (the so-called "shadow shielding" effect), and allow for time-series shape fitting for source size discrimination. The anomalous time series is reanalyzed for the presence of compact sources by using a wavelet filter function of similar size to the expected source profile. This may allow a dramatic reduction in gross-count alarm thresholds, leading to a corresponding sensitivity increase. This increase is shown by analysis of a number of real drive-through data sets taken at a U.S. port of entry. A set of isotopes of interest are injected into the data set, and the resultant "benign" and "injected" data sets are analyzed with gross-counting, spectral-ratio, and spatial algorithms. Spatial analysis alone was not sufficient to increase overall sensitivity given this data set, but both methods together gave a significant increase to detection performance. C1 [Robinson, S. M.; LoPresti, C. A.; Woodring, M. L.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bender, S. E.] Penn State Univ, State Coll, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. RP Robinson, SM (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 577 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000131 ER PT S AU Robinson, SM Ashbaker, ED Schweppe, JE AF Robinson, S. M. Ashbaker, E. D. Schweppe, J. E. GP IEEE TI Terrestrial Background Reduction in RPM Systems by Direct Internal Shielding SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Radiation detectors are often placed in positions difficult to shield from the effects of terrestrial background. This is particularly true in the case of radiation portal monitor (RPM) systems, as their wide viewing angle and outdoor installations make them susceptible to terrestrial background from the surrounding area. This issue will become even more important as the next generation of spectroscopic-capable RPMs is deployed. A low background is desired in most cases, especially when the background noise is of comparable strength to the signal of interest. Previous modeling work by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has shown the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and isotope identification sensitivity possible through direct internal shielding, as well as some benefits of collimation and direct ground shielding. The gross-count sensitivity of a polyvinyl toluene (PVT)-based RPM detector or the isotope identification capability of a sodium iodide (Nal)-based detector will be significantly enhanced through the use of dense background shielding, as close as possible to the detector elements. In this work, the problem of shielding a generalized RPM from terrestrial background is considered. Detector and shielding scenarios are modeled with the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) computer code. Amounts of nominal-density shielding needed to attenuate the terrestrial background to varying degrees are given, along with optimal shielding geometry to be used in areas where natural shielding is limited, and where radiation detection must occur in the presence of natural background. Guidance is provided as to the enhancement possible to detection with realistic field modifications. Common shielding solutions such as steel plating are evaluated based on the SNR, and benefits are weighed against feasibility. C1 [Robinson, S. M.; Ashbaker, E. D.; Schweppe, J. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Robinson, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000132 ER PT S AU Woody, C Azmoun, B Caccavano, A Citron, Z Durham, M Hemmick, T Kamin, J Rumore, M AF Woody, C. Azmoun, B. Caccavano, A. Citron, Z. Durham, M. Hemmick, T. Kamin, J. Rumore, M. GP IEEE TI Collection of Photoelectrons from a CsI Photocathode in Triple GEM Detectors SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB A study has been made of the parameters affecting the extraction and collection of photoelectrons from the surface of a CsI photocathode in a triple GEM detector. The purpose of this study was to optimize the photoelectron collection efficiency and GEM operating conditions for the PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) at RHIC. The parameters investigated include the electric field at the surface of the photocathode, the voltage across the GEM, the electric field below the GEM, the medium into which the photoelectrons are extracted (gas or vacuum), and the wavelength dependence of the extraction efficiency. A small, calibrated light source, or "scintillation cube", was used to measure the photoelectron yield from the CA photocathode using Am-241 particles to produce scintillation light in CF4 and an Fe-55 source to measure the GEM gas gain. The absolute scintillation light yield (photons/MeV) in CF4 gas was also determined using a CsI photocathode GEM detector. Results are presented on the study of the parameters affecting the photoelectron collection efficiency, the construction and calibration of the scintillation cube, and the measurement of the absolute scintillation light yield in CF4. C1 [Woody, C.; Azmoun, B.; Caccavano, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Rumore, M.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Citron, Z.; Durham, M.; Hemmick, T.; Kamin, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Nuclear Physics, under Prime [DE-AC02-98CHI0886] FX Manuscript submitted on November 14,2008. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Nuclear Physics, under Prime Contract No. DE-AC02-98CHI0886. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 591 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000134 ER PT S AU Burks, M AF Burks, M. GP IEEE TI GeMini: The Next-Generation Mechanically-Cooled Germanium Spectrometer SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID MESSENGER MISSION; MERCURY AB The next-generation mechanically-cooled germanium spectrometer has been developed. GeMini (MINIature GErmanium spectrometer) has been designed to bring high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy to a range of demanding field environments. Intended applications include short-notice inspections, border patrol, port monitoring and emergency response, where positive nuclide identification of radioactive materials is required but power and liquid cryogen are not easily available. GeMini weighs 2.75 kg for the basic instrument and 4.5 kg for the full instrument including user interface and ruggedized hermetic packaging. It is very low power allowing it to operate for 10 hours on a single set of rechargeable batteries. This instrument employs technology adapted from the gamma-ray spectrometer currently flying on NASA's Mercury MESSENGER spacecraft. Specifically, infrared shielding techniques allow for a vast reduction of thermal load. This in turn allows for a smaller, lighter-weight design, well-suited for a hand-held instrument. Three working prototypes have been built and tested in the lab. The measured energy resolution is 3 keV fwhm at 662 keV gamma-rays. This paper will focus on the design and performance of the instrument. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, US DOE, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burks, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, US DOE, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM burks5@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 650 EP 652 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000145 ER PT S AU Demers, SM AF Demers, Sarah M. CA ATLAS TDAQ Community GP IEEE TI The ATLAS Trigger SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The ATLAS experiment's physics program requires the trigger to reject a large fraction of background events, primarily QCD processes, while efficiently selecting interesting events. ATLAS employs a three-level trigger to bring the event rate from the 40 MHz collision rate to 75 kHz at Level 1 (L1), 3 kHz at Level 2 (L2) and 200 Hz at the third level, known as the Event Filter (EF), for a total rejection of O(10(5)). L1 is a hardware-based trigger that selects high momentum muons and uses reduced granularity information from the calorimeter to select jets, electrons and taus. L1 passes the position of the triggered object to L2, a software trigger, where the full granularity of the detector is used for reconstruction in a region around the triggered Level1 object. Correlations between objects can also be accessed, allowing for multi-object triggers. At the EF the full event can be reconstructed. The selected events, with a size of similar to 1.5 MB, are written to local disk at 300 MB/s and simultaneously copied to the CERN Advanced STORage system (CASTOR) where they are retrieved for full offline reconstruction to be performed. In this paper the design of the ATLAS trigger, the status of the installation, the techniques used to prepare the system for data-taking and the initial performance will be discussed. C1 [Demers, Sarah M.] SLAC, Natl Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. RP Demers, SM (reprint author), SLAC, Natl Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. EM demers@slac.stanford.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 657 EP 658 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000147 ER PT S AU Simon, F Balewski, J Fatemi, R Hasell, D Kelsey, J Majka, R Page, B Plesko, M Underwood, D Smirnov, N Sowinski, J Spinka, H Surrow, B Visser, G AF Simon, F. Balewski, J. Fatemi, R. Hasell, D. Kelsey, J. Majka, R. Page, B. Plesko, M. Underwood, D. Smirnov, N. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. Surrow, B. Visser, G. GP IEEE TI The Forward GEM Tracker of STAR at RHIC SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID DETECTORS AB The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is in the process of designing and constructing a forward tracking system based on triple GEM technology. This upgrade is necessary to give STAR the capability to reconstruct and identify the charge sign of 147 bosons over an extended rapidity range through their leptonic decay mode into an electron (positron) and a neutrino. This will allow a detailed study of the flavor-separated spin structure of the proton in polarized p + p collisions uniquely available at RHIC. The Forward GEM Tracker FGT will consist of six triple GEM disks with an outer radius of similar to 39 cm and an inner radius of similar to 10.5 cm, arranged along the beam pipe, covering the pseudo-rapidity range from 1.0 to 2.0 over a wide range of collision vertices. The GEM foils will be produced by Tech-Etch, Inc. Beam tests with test detectors using 10 cm x 10 cm Tech-Etch GEM foils and a two dimensional orthogonal strip readout have demonstrated a spatial resolution of 70 mu m or better and high efficiency. C1 [Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Simon, F.] Tech Univ Munich, Excellence Cluster Universe, Munich, Germany. [Balewski, J.; Hasell, D.; Kelsey, J.; Plesko, M.; Surrow, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Fatemi, R.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Majka, R.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Underwood, D.; Spinka, H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Page, B.; Sowinski, J.; Visser, G.] Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Simon, F (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. EM frank.simon@universe-cluster.de NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 698 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000156 ER PT S AU Heering, AH Bohn, P Clough, A Hazen, E Rohlf, J Los, S Freeman, J Cascio, E Musienko, Y Piemonte, C AF Heering, A. H. Bohn, P. Clough, A. Hazen, E. Rohlf, J. Los, S. Freeman, J. Cascio, E. Musienko, Y. Piemonte, C. GP IEEE TI Radiation Damage Studies on SiPMs for Calorimetry at the Super LHC SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB A typical scintillating the sampling calorimeter consists of multiple layers of scintillators coupled to wavelength shifting fibers viewed by a suitable photo-detector. Long clear fibers are used to connect the tiles to the readout modules. We have investigated the use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) at the Super Lagre Hadron Collider (SLHC). Because radiation hardness is the main concern, two sets of radiation data were taken using a 212 MeV proton beam at Massachusetts General Hospital. In the first data set we radiated up to a dose of 3x10(10) protons per cm(2) using diodes from three different manufactures (i.e., FBK, CPTA and Hamamatsu). At a dose of 3x10(10) protons per cm(2) only small effects of PDE loss were detected due to very high dark count always occupying one or more cells in a multi-cell SiPM. A second set of data up to 10(13) protons per cm(2) using very high pixel density MAPDs with upto 40,000 cells per mm(2). After each small radiation dose multiple scope traces were taken to look at the PDE and dark count of the devices. The increase in dark count due to the radiation was compared to the DC leakage current. Also a comparison was made between multi-cell and single-cell samples of the FBK-IRST diodes. C1 [Heering, A. H.; Bohn, P.; Clough, A.; Hazen, E.; Rohlf, J.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Los, S.; Freeman, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Cascio, E.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Francis H Burr Therapy Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Musienko, Y.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA USA. [Piemonte, C.] Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Heering, AH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation FX Manuscript received November 14, 2008. We acknowledge support of the U.S. National Science Foundation NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 798 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000176 ER PT S AU Carini, GA Chen, W Dragone, A Fried, J Jakoncic, J Kuczweski, A Li, Z Mead, J Michta, R Pratte, JF Rehak, P Siddons, DP AF Carini, G. A. Chen, W. Dragone, A. Fried, J. Jakoncic, J. Kuczweski, A. Li, Z. Mead, J. Michta, R. Pratte, J. -F. Rehak, P. Siddons, D. P. GP IEEE TI XAMPS Prototypes for the X-ray Pump Probe Instruments at the LCLS SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID HIGH-RESISTIVITY SILICON; ACTIVE PIXEL SENSORS AB X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors (XAMPS) were designed and fabricated as part of a detection system for the X-ray Pump Probe (XPP) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). XAMPS based on J-FET technology were produced on 100 mm high-resistivity silicon, typically 400 pm-thick. The prototypes are square matrices with n rows and n columns with n=16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512. Each pixel of the matrix is 90 x 90 mu m(2) and contains a JFET switch to control the charge readout. The small features of the design presented some technological challenges fully addressed during this production. The first prototypes were tested at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) with a monochromatic beam of 8 keV and millisecond readout and exhibit good performances at room temperature. C1 [Carini, G. A.; Jakoncic, J.; Kuczweski, A.; Michta, R.; Siddons, D. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chen, W.; Fried, J.; Li, Z.; Mead, J.; Pratte, J. -F.; Rehak, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dragone, A.] Natl Accelerator Ctr, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM carini@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 847 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000187 ER PT S AU Li, Z Gul, R Harkonen, J Kierstead, J Metcalfe, J Seidel, S AF Li, Zheng Gul, Rubi Harkonen, Jaakko Kierstead, Jim Metcalfe, Jessica Seidel, Sally GP IEEE TI Observation of Gamma Irradiation-Induced Suppression of Reverse Annealing in Neutron Irradiated MCZ Si Detectors SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID RADIATION HARDNESS; SILICON DETECTORS C1 [Li, Zheng; Gul, Rubi; Kierstead, Jim] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11720 USA. [Harkonen, Jaakko] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [Metcalfe, Jessica; Seidel, Sally] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 872 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000190 ER PT S AU Kirk, BL AF Kirk, Bernadette L. GP IEEE TI The Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC): A Resource for Nuclear Science Applications SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) has been in existence since 1963. RSICC collects, organizes, evaluates and disseminates technical information (software and nuclear data) involving the transport of neutral and charged particle radiation, and shielding and protection from the radiation associated with: nuclear weapons and materials, fission and fusion reactors, outer space, accelerators, medical facilities, and nuclear waste management. RSICC serves over 12,000 scientists and engineers from about 100 countries. An important activity of RSICC is its participation in international efforts on computational and experimental benchmarks. An example is the Shielding Integral Benchmarks Archival Database (SINBAD), which includes shielding benchmarks for fission, fusion and accelerators. RSICC is funded by the United States Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security and Nuclear Regulatory Commission. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, RSICC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kirk, BL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, RSICC, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kirkbl@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 875 EP 877 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000191 ER PT S AU Basaglia, T Bell, Z Dressendorfer, P Pia, MG AF Basaglia, Tullio Bell, Zane Dressendorfer, Paul Pia, Maria Grazia GP IEEE TI The Impact of Technological Research Through an Analysis of Literature SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Impact factor; nuclear technology; high energy physics AB A set of patterns related to the impact factor of technological journals has been analyzed, with emphasis on radiation instrumentation and medical physics publications. Attention was devoted in particular to two IEEE journals, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science and IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, representative of these categories. The results are compared to a similar survey of particle physics journals. The weight of citations coming from inside the same subject area has been evaluated with respect to the amount of citations deriving from publications in external domains. A preliminary analysis hints to a significant degree of correlation between a high impact factor of some journals and a large fraction of citations originating from the same field. The results highlight the cross-disciplinary role of technological journals. C1 [Basaglia, Tullio] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Bell, Zane] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Dressendorfer, Paul] IEEE TNS, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. [Pia, Maria Grazia] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RP Basaglia, T (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM MariaGrazia.Pia@ge.infn.it FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX Z. W. Bell is with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37830; Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-000R22725. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 878 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000192 ER PT S AU Guiseppe, VE Aalseth, CE Akashi-Ronquest, M Amman, M Amsbaugh, JF Avignone, FT Back, HO Barabash, AS Barbeau, P Beene, JR Bergevin, M Bertrand, FE Boswell, M Brudanin, V Bugg, W Burritt, TH Chan, YD Cianciolo, TV Collar, J Creswick, R Cromaz, M Detwiler, JA Doe, PJ Dunmore, JA Efremenko, Y Egorov, V Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Ely, J Esterline, J Farach, H Farmer, T Fast, J Finnerty, P Fujikawa, B Gehman, VM Greenberg, C Gusey, K Hallin, AL Hazama, R Henning, R Hime, A Hoppe, E Hossbach, T Howe, MA Hurley, D Hyronimus, B Johnson, RA Keeter, KJ Keillor, M Keller, C Kephart, J Kidd, M Kochetov, O Konovalov, SI Kouzes, RT Lesko, KT Leviner, L Luke, P McDonald, AB MacMullin, S Marino, MG Mei, DM Miley, HS Myers, AW Nomachi, M Odom, B Orrell, J Poon, AWP Prior, G Radford, DC Reeves, JH Rielage, K Riley, N Robertson, RGH Rodriguez, L Rykaczewski, KP Schubert, AG Shima, T Shirchenko, M Strain, J Thompson, R Timkin, V Tornow, W Tull, C Van Wechel, TD Vanyushin, I Varner, RL Vetter, K Warner, R Wilkerson, JF Wouters, JM Yakushev, E Young, AR Yu, CH Yumatov, V Zhang, C AF Guiseppe, V. E. Aalseth, C. E. Akashi-Ronquest, M. Amman, M. Amsbaugh, J. F. Avignone, F. T., III Back, H. O. Barabash, A. S. Barbeau, P. Beene, J. R. Bergevin, M. Bertrand, F. E. Boswell, M. Brudanin, V. Bugg, W. Burritt, T. H. Chan, Y-D. Cianciolo, T. V. Collar, J. Creswick, R. Cromaz, M. Detwiler, J. A. Doe, P. J. Dunmore, J. A. Efremenko, Yu. Egorov, V. Ejiri, H. Elliott, S. R. Ely, J. Esterline, J. Farach, H. Farmer, T. Fast, J. Finnerty, P. Fujikawa, B. Gehman, V. M. Greenberg, C. Gusey, K. Hallin, A. L. Hazama, R. Henning, R. Hime, A. Hoppe, E. Hossbach, T. Howe, M. A. Hurley, D. Hyronimus, B. Johnson, R. A. Keeter, K. J. Keillor, M. Keller, C. Kephart, J. Kidd, M. Kochetov, O. Konovalov, S. I. Kouzes, R. T. Lesko, K. T. Leviner, L. Luke, P. McDonald, A. B. MacMullin, S. Marino, M. G. Mei, D. -M. Miley, H. S. Myers, A. W. Nomachi, M. Odom, B. Orrell, J. Poon, A. W. P. Prior, G. Radford, D. C. Reeves, J. H. Rielage, K. Riley, N. Robertson, R. G. H. Rodriguez, L. Rykaczewski, K. P. Schubert, A. G. Shima, T. Shirchenko, M. Strain, J. Thompson, R. Timkin, V. Tornow, W. Tull, C. Van Wechel, T. D. Vanyushin, I. Varner, R. L. Vetter, K. Warner, R. Wilkerson, J. F. Wouters, J. M. Yakushev, E. Young, A. R. Yu, C. -H. Yumatov, V. Zhang, C. CA Majorana Collaboration GP IEEE TI The MAJORANA Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID GERMANIUM DETECTOR; FRAMEWORK; GERDA; MASS AB Neutrinoless double-beta decay searches play a major role in determining the nature of neutrinos, the existence of a lepton violating process, and the effective Majorana neutrino mass. The MAJORANA Collaboration proposes to assemble an array of HPGe detectors to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Ge-76. Our proposed method uses the well-established technique of searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in high purity Ge-diode radiation detectors that play both roles of source and detector. The technique is augmented with recent improvements in signal processing and detector design, and advances in controlling intrinsic and external backgrounds. Initially, MAJORANA aims to construct a prototype module containing 60 kg of Ge detectors to demonstrate the potential of a future 1-tonne experiment. The design and potential reach of this prototype Demonstrator module will be presented. This paper will also discuss detector optimization and low-background requirements, such as material purity, background rejection, and identification of rare backgrounds required to reach the sensitivity goals of the MAJORANA experiment. C1 [Guiseppe, V. E.; Elliott, S. R.; Gehman, V. M.; Hime, A.; Rielage, K.; Rodriguez, L.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hallin, A. L.] Univ Alberta, Ctr Particle, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Keeter, K. J.] Black Hills State Univ, Dept Phys, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. [Vetter, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lesko, K. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barbeau, P.; Collar, J.; Greenberg, C.; Odom, B.; Riley, N.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Esterline, J.; Kidd, M.; Tornow, W.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Barabash, A. S.; Konovalov, S. I.; Vanyushin, I.; Yumatov, V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Brudanin, V.; Egorov, V.; Gusey, K.; Kochetov, O.; Shirchenko, M.; Timkin, V.; Yakushev, E.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Amman, M.; Luke, P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lesko, K. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bergevin, M.; Chan, Y-D.; Cromaz, M.; Detwiler, J. A.; Fujikawa, B.; Hurley, D.; Poon, A. W. P.; Prior, G.; Tull, C.; Vetter, K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Akashi-Ronquest, M.; Boswell, M.; Finnerty, P.; Henning, R.; Howe, M. A.; MacMullin, S.; Strain, J.; Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Back, H. O.; Kephart, J.; Leviner, L.; Young, A. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Avignone, F. T., III; Beene, J. R.; Bertrand, F. E.; Cianciolo, T. V.; Radford, D. C.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Varner, R. L.; Yu, C. -H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Ejiri, H.; Hazama, R.; Nomachi, M.; Shima, T.] Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Dept Phys, Ibaraki, Osaka 565, Japan. [Aalseth, C. E.; Ely, J.; Farmer, T.; Fast, J.; Hoppe, E.; Hossbach, T.; Hyronimus, B.; Keillor, M.; Kephart, J.; Kouzes, R. T.; Miley, H. S.; Orrell, J.; Reeves, J. H.; Thompson, R.; Warner, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [McDonald, A. B.] Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Avignone, F. T., III; Creswick, R.; Farach, H.; Hossbach, T.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Keller, C.; Mei, D. -M.; Zhang, C.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Earth Sci & Phys, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Bugg, W.; Efremenko, Yu.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Akashi-Ronquest, M.; Back, H. O.; Boswell, M.; Esterline, J.; Finnerty, P.; Henning, R.; Howe, M. A.; Kephart, J.; Kidd, M.; Leviner, L.; MacMullin, S.; Strain, J.; Tornow, W.; Wilkerson, J. F.; Young, A. R.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Amsbaugh, J. F.; Burritt, T. H.; Doe, P. J.; Dunmore, J. A.; Johnson, R. A.; Marino, M. G.; Myers, A. W.; Robertson, R. G. H.; Schubert, A. G.; Van Wechel, T. D.] Univ Washington, Ctr Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Guiseppe, V. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guiseppe, VE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM guiseppe@lanl.gov RI Hallin, Aksel/H-5881-2011; radford, David/A-3928-2015; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016 FU U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Science; Los Alamos Laboratory Directed Research and Development; U.S. NSF Particle; Nuclear Astrophysics FX Preparation of this paper was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Science, the Los Alamos Laboratory Directed Research and Development, and the U.S. NSF Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1068 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000227 ER PT S AU Hau, ID Niedermayr, T Friedrich, S AF Hau, Ionel D. Niedermayr, Thomas Friedrich, Stephan GP IEEE TI Calorimetric Measurement of the First Excited State Lifetime in Li-7 SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Microcalorimeter; lifetime measurements; Li-7; superconducting neutron spectrometer ID RAY SPECTROMETERS; MO/CU MULTILAYER; MICROCALORIMETER; RESOLUTION AB We report a calorimetric measurement of the lifetime of the first excited state in Li-7 (478 keV). It is based on high-resolution neutron spectroscopy of the B-10(n, alpha)Li-7 reaction in a 3 mg TiB2 crystal. The energy deposition of the Li-7 recoil nucleus has been measured with an energy resolution of 5.5 keV FWHM using a superconducting transition-edge neutron spectrometer. The lifetime of the 478 keV excited state has been determined from the experimental Doppler broadening of the 2.31 MeV energy line to 10.5 keV. The broadening is modeled with the Doppler Shift Attenuation method to directly determine the energy distribution of the recoil nuclei. The life time has then been extracted by deriving the slow-down parameter for the Li-7 ion in TiB2 within the Lindhardt-Scharff-Schiott theory. The lifetime value found by this method was of 110 +/- 23 fs, which is within 7% from the evaluated data found in the literature. We discuss the theory behind the lifetime calculations derived from the experiment. C1 [Friedrich, Stephan] LLNL, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hau, Ionel D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Adv Detector Grp, Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Niedermayr, Thomas] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Hau, ID (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Adv Detector Grp, Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ihau@canberra.com; niedermayr.thomas@mayo.edu; friedrich1@llnl.gov FU DOE NA-22; SEGRF; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX We thank Zane Bell at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for suggesting this study. We gratefully acknowledge the support of DOE NA-22 and the SEGRF program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1081 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000230 ER PT S AU Yu, B Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC De Geronimo, G Vernon, EO Clonts, LG Britton, CL Frank, SS AF Yu, B. Schaknowski, N. A. Smith, G. C. De Geronimo, G. Vernon, E. O. Clonts, L. G. Britton, C. L. Frank, S. S. GP IEEE TI Thermal Neutron Detectors with Discrete Anode Pad Readout SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID SNS AB A new two-dimensional thermal neutron detector concept that is capable of very high rates is being developed. It is based on neutron conversion in He-3 in an ionization chamber (unity gas gain) that uses only a cathode and anode plane; there is no additional electrode such as a Frisch grid. The cathode is simply the entrance window, and the anode plane is composed of discrete pads, each with their own readout electronics implemented via application specific integrated circuits. The aim is to provide a new generation of detectors with key characteristics that are superior to existing techniques, such as higher count rate capability, better stability, lower sensitivity to background radiation, and more flexible geometries. Such capabilities will improve the performance of neutron scattering instruments at major neutron user facilities. In this paper, we report on progress with the development of a prototype device that has 48 x 48 anode pads and a sensitive area of 24cm x 24cm. C1 [Yu, B.; Schaknowski, N. A.; Smith, G. C.; De Geronimo, G.; Vernon, E. O.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Clonts, L. G.; Britton, C. L.; Frank, S. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yu, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yu@bnl.gov; neil@bnl.gov; gsmith@bnl.gov; degeronimo@bnl.gov; evernon@bnl.gov; clontslg@ornl.gov; brittoncl@ornl.gov; frankss@ornl.gov FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. DOE at Brookhaven [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE at Oak Ridge [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and also by U.S. DOE: Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 at Brookhaven and U.S. DOE: Contract No: DE-AC05-00OR22725 at Oak Ridge. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1153 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000244 ER PT S AU Ugorowski, P Bellinger, S Crow, L Henderson, C Dunn, WL McNeil, WJ Taylor, RD McGregor, DS AF Ugorowski, P. Bellinger, S. Crow, L. Henderson, C. Dunn, W. L. McNeil, W. J. Taylor, R. D. McGregor, D. S. GP IEEE TI Characterization of the High-Efficiency Neutron Detector Array (HENDA) SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Two new pixellated neutron detectors developed at the Semiconductor Materials and Radiological Technologies Laboratory (SMART Lab) at Kansas State University, for eventual use at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source, were tested for resolution, count rate and efficiency. C1 [Ugorowski, P.; Bellinger, S.; Henderson, C.; Dunn, W. L.; McNeil, W. J.; Taylor, R. D.; McGregor, D. S.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Crow, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ugorowski, P (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM pugo@ksu.edu; slb3888@ksu.edu; crowlmjr@oml.gov; cmhender@ksu.edu; dunn@ksu.edu; wjm444@ksu.edu; rdtaylor@ksu.edu; mcgregor@ksu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0412208] FX Project funded by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0412208. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1176 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000247 ER PT S AU Arutinov, D Barbero, M Beccherle, R Buscher, V Darbo, G Ely, R Fougeron, D Garcia-Sciveres, M Gnani, D Hemperek, T Karagounis, M Kluit, R Kostyukhin, V Mekkaoui, A Menouni, M Schipper, JD Wermes, N AF Arutinov, David Barbero, Marlon Beccherle, Roberto Buescher, Volker Darbo, Giovanni Ely, Robert Fougeron, Denis Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice Gnani, Dario Hemperek, Tomasz Karagounis, Michael Kluit, Ruud Kostyukhin, Vadim Mekkaoui, Abderrezak Menouni, Moshine Schipper, Jan David Wermes, Norbert GP IEEE TI Digital Architecture and Interface of the New ATLAS Pixel Front-End IC for Upgraded LHC Luminosity SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB A new pixel Front-End Integrated Circuit is being developed in a 130nm technology for use in the foreseen h-layer upgrade of the ATLAS Pixel Detector. Development of this chip is considered as an intermediate step towards super-LHC upgrade, and also allows having a smaller radius insertable pixel layer. The higher luminosity for which this chip is tuned implies a complete redefinition of the digital architecture logic with respect to the current ATLAS pixel Front-End. The new digital architecture logic is not based on a transfer of all pixel hits to the End-of-Column, but on local pixel logic, local pixel data storage, and a new mechanism to drain triggered hits from the Double-Column. An overview of the new chip will be given with particular emphasis on the new digital logic architecture and possible variations. The new interface needed to configure and operate the chip will also be described. C1 [Arutinov, David; Barbero, Marlon; Buescher, Volker; Hemperek, Tomasz; Karagounis, Michael; Wermes, Norbert] Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Beccherle, Roberto; Darbo, Giovanni; Kostyukhin, Vadim] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Ely, Robert; Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice; Gnani, Dario; Mekkaoui, Abderrezak] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fougeron, Denis; Menouni, Moshine] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. [Kluit, Ruud; Schipper, Jan David] NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Arutinov, D (reprint author), Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM arutinov@physik.uni-bonn.de NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1198 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000252 ER PT S AU Carini, GA Chen, W De Geronimo, G Fried, J Gaskin, JA Keister, JW Li, Z Ramsey, BD Rehak, P Siddons, DP AF Carini, G. A. Chen, W. De Geronimo, G. Fried, J. Gaskin, J. A. Keister, J. W. Li, Z. Ramsey, B. D. Rehak, P. Siddons, D. P. GP IEEE TI Performance of Thin-Window Silicon Drift Detectors SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Several sets of hexagonal Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) arrays were produced at BNL and by a commercial vendor, KETEK. Each array consists of 14 independent detectors (pixels) and two additional test pixels at two of the corners. The side of the detector upon which the X-ray radiation is incident (window side) has a thin junction covering the entire active area. The opposite side (device side) contains a drift-field electrode structure in the form of a hexagonal spiral and an electron collecting anode. There are 4 guard rings surrounding the 14-pixel array area on both sides of the detector. Within each array, 7 of the pixels have an aluminum field plate - interrupted spirals that stabilize the electric potential under the Si-SiO2 interface, while the other 7 do not. The drift field in the silicon volume is controlled by three biases: one is applied to a rectifying contact, one to the detector entrance window, and the third to a contact on the outer portion of the spiral common to all pixels in the array. Some arrays have been newly measured in NSLS beam line U3C at BNL. The complete assemblies were installed in the vacuum and cooled to -27 degrees C. During this run, spectra for energies ranging between 400 and 900 eV were collected in several pixels, some with field plates and others without. The detailed testing results of several arrays are reported here. C1 [Carini, G. A.; Chen, W.; De Geronimo, G.; Li, Z.; Rehak, P.; Siddons, D. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gaskin, J. A.; Ramsey, B. D.] NASA, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, MFSC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Keister, J. W.] SFA Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CHI0886] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CHI0886. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1219 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000255 ER PT S AU Belforte, S Fanfani, A Fisk, I Fix, J Hernandez, J Klem, J Letts, J Magini, N Miccio, V Padhi, S Saiz, P Sciaba, A Wurthwein, F AF Belforte, S. Fanfani, A. Fisk, I. Fix, J. Hernandez, J. Klem, J. Letts, J. Magini, N. Miccio, V. Padhi, S. Saiz, P. Sciaba, A. Wuerthwein, F. GP IEEE TI The commissioning of CMS computing centres in the worldwide LHC computing Grid SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The computing system of the CMS experiment uses distributed resources from more than 60 computing centres worldwide. Located in Europe, America and Asia, these centres are interconnected by the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. The operation of the system requires a stable and reliable behavior of the underlying infrastructure. CMS has established a procedure to extensively test all relevant aspects of a Grid site, such as the ability to efficiently use their network to transfer data, services relevant for CMS and the capability to sustain the various CMS computing workflows (Monte Carlo simulation, event reprocessing and skimming, data analysis) at the required scale. This contribution describes in detail the procedure to rate CMS sites depending on their performance, including the complete automation of the program, the description of monitoring tools, and its impact in improving the overall reliability of the Grid from the point of view of the CMS computing system. C1 [Belforte, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Fanfani, A.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Fisk, I.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fix, J.] UAB, IFAE, CIEMAT, PIC, Bellaterra, Spain. [Hernandez, J.] Ctr Investigac Energet Medioambie & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. [Klem, J.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Letts, J.; Padhi, S.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Magini, N.; Miccio, V.; Saiz, P.; Sciaba, A.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Magini, N.; Miccio, V.] INFN CNAF, Bologna, Italy. RP Belforte, S (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1238 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000258 ER PT S AU Ning, ZL Blalock, BJ Ericson, MN Oliver, J Van Berg, R O'Connor, P Britton, CL AF Ning, Zuoliang Blalock, Benjamin J. Ericson, M. Nance Oliver, John Van Berg, Richard O'Connor, Paul Britton, Charles L., Jr. GP IEEE TI A High Voltage CCD Sensor Control Chip for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE CCD clock driver; high-voltage analog; cold temperature electronics; Silicon-On-Insulator AB A Sensor Control Chip (SCC) that can drive a 20 V adjustable output voltage swing and a maximum output current of 100 mA has been developed to provide the required clock and bias signals for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's CCD imagers. The prototype chip has been fabricated in a 0.8-mu m BCD-SOI process, and is designed to operate down to 175K. The circuit consists of current steering DACs followed by transimpedence operational amplifiers to control the rail voltages of the clock signals and bias voltages. The clocks are input to the SCC through LVDS receivers and converted internally to the required amplitude for driving the CCD. Design techniques will be presented along with room temperature and operational temperature test results obtained from prototype chips. C1 [Ning, Zuoliang; Blalock, Benjamin J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ericson, M. Nance; Britton, Charles L., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Oliver, John] Harvard Univ, Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Van Berg, Richard] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [O'Connor, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bblalock@utk.edu; jnoliver@fas.harvard.edu; rick@hep.upenn.edu; poc@bnl.gov; brittoncl@ornl.gov RI Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 FU University of Pennsylvania FX The authors would like to thank Mitch Newcomer from the University of Pennsylvania for his help in developing the CCD load models for this work. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1349 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000280 ER PT S AU Williams, RB Blackburn, BW Hausladen, P Hunt, AW Johnson, JT Jones, JL Mihalczo, JT Moss, CE Ianakiev, KD AF Williams, R. B. Blackburn, B. W. Hausladen, P. Hunt, A. W. Johnson, J. T. Jones, J. L. Mihalczo, J. T. Moss, C. E. Ianakiev, K. D. GP IEEE TI In-the-Flash Pulse Shape Discrimination with Liquid Scintillators SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Single neutron and gamma charge pulses were captured using a fast ADC. These data were used to populate simulated 5-mu s active interrogation flash events. Analysis of these simulations revealed that long pulse tail accumulation during the flash leads to an unpredictable charge background for several microseconds after the flash. The existence of this changing background will make retrieving prompt neutron information immediately after the flash problematic. The tail accumulation is accentuated for every pulse in the flash, making the time just after the last pulse in the flash the worst possible time to measure prompt neutron data. Obtaining prompt neutron data during the flash-particularly near the beginning of the flash, where background tail accumulation is minimal-is feasible if shielding is used to control the count rates, but requires fast gamma-neutron pulse shape discrimination. A means of accentuating the pulse shape difference between neutron and gamma data is given, along with a means of compensating for the long pulse components in the dominant gamma pulses. C1 [Williams, R. B.; Moss, C. E.; Ianakiev, K. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Blackburn, B. W.] Raytheon Co, Waltham, MA USA. [Hausladen, P.; Mihalczo, J. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hunt, A. W.] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83210 USA. [Johnson, J. T.; Jones, J. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Williams, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mouser@lanl.gov; hausladenpa@ornl.gov; huntalan@athena.physics.isu.edu; james.jones@inl.gov; mihalczojt@ornl.gov; cmoss@lanl.gov; ianakiev@lanl.gov RI Johnson, James/B-9689-2017 OI Johnson, James/0000-0002-3434-4413 FU Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX This work was supported by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1362 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000283 ER PT S AU Battaglia, M Bisello, D Contarato, D Giubilato, P Pantano, D Tanabe, T Tessaro, M AF Battaglia, M. Bisello, D. Contarato, D. Giubilato, P. Pantano, D. Tanabe, T. Tessaro, M. GP IEEE TI Flexible DAQ system for pixel detectors SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Pixel detector R&D requires a DAQ system able to drive and read out many different designs in a transparent way, even if they present different control logics and/or clock signals. Furthermore an integrated, real time data collection and analysis environment is mandatory to achieve a quick and reliable detector characterization, In this work we present a DAQ system developed to fulfill these specific needs and also able to handle multiple devices at the same time, thus allowing hodoscope assemblies implementation. C1 [Battaglia, M.; Contarato, D.; Giubilato, P.; Tanabe, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bisello, D.; Giubilato, P.; Tessaro, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-351131 Padua, Italy. [Bisello, D.; Pantano, D.] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MBattaglia@lbl.gov; Dario.bisello@pd.infn.it; DContarato@lbl.gov; piero.giubilato@pd.infn.it; devis.pantano@pd.infn.it; TTanabe@lbl.gov; mario.tessaro@pd.infn.it FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CHI1231]; Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare of Padova FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CHI1231 and by the Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare of Padova. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1434 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000300 ER PT S AU Rice, JS Ullan, M Brooijmans, G Cressler, JD Damiani, D Diez, S Gadfort, T Grillo, AA Hackenburg, R Hare, G Jones, A Kierstead, J Kononenko, W Mandic, I Martinez-McKinney, F Metcalfe, J Newcomer, FM Parsons, JA Phillips, S Rescia, S Sadrozinski, HFFW Seiden, A Spencer, N Spieler, H Sutton, AK Tazawa, Y Wulf, E Wilder, M AF Rice, J. S. Ullan, M. Brooijmans, G. Cressler, J. D. Damiani, D. Diez, S. Gadfort, T. Grillo, A. A. Hackenburg, R. Hare, G. Jones, A. Kierstead, J. Kononenko, W. Mandic, I. Martinez-McKinney, F. Metcalfe, J. Newcomer, F. M. Parsons, J. A. Phillips, S. Rescia, S. Sadrozinski, H. F. F-W. Seiden, A. Spencer, N. Spieler, H. Sutton, A. K. Tazawa, Y. Wulf, E. Wilder, M. GP IEEE TI Performance of the SiGe HBT 8HP and 8WL Technologies after High Dose/Fluence Radiation Exposure SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONICS; TOLERANCE; DAMAGE AB An assessment of the radiation tolerance of the latest generation IBM silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technologies (SiGe 8WL and SiGe 8HP) at extreme dose/fluence is reported. These BiCMOS technologies are of great interest for analog readout circuits in high energy physics detectors, especially the planned upgrade of the ATLAS detector for the upgraded Large Hadron Collider (sLHC) in Geneva, Switzerland. These third-generation, 130 nm SiGe HBTs show promise to operate at lower power than CMOS circuits provided that they can be shown to be sufficiently radiation tolerant. This study presents evidence of the radiation tolerance of these two candidate technologies with parametric measurements after irradiation up to a fluence of 10(16) 1 MeV equivalent neutrons/cm(2) and a gamma dose of 100 Mrad (SiO2). C1 [Rice, J. S.; Damiani, D.; Grillo, A. A.; Hare, G.; Jones, A.; Martinez-McKinney, F.; Metcalfe, J.; Sadrozinski, H. F. F-W.; Seiden, A.; Spencer, N.; Wilder, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ullan, M.; Diez, S.] CNM CSIC, Barcelona, Spain. [Brooijmans, G.; Gadfort, T.; Parsons, J. A.; Wulf, E.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. [Cressler, J. D.; Phillips, S.; Sutton, A. K.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hackenburg, R.; Kierstead, J.; Rescia, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY USA. [Kononenko, W.; Newcomer, F. M.; Tazawa, Y.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mandic, I.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Spieler, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rice, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Ullan, Miguel/P-7392-2015 FU National SCience Foundation; NASA-NEPP; DTRA; Georgia Electronic Design Center at Georgia Tech FX This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics, the National SCience Foundation, NASA-NEPP, DTRA, and the Georgia Electronic Design Center at Georgia Tech.. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1481 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000310 ER PT S AU van Vuure, TL Clonts, LG Crow, ML Cooper, RG Richards, JD Riedel, RA Robertson, JL AF van Vuure, T. L. Clonts, L. G. Crow, M. L. Cooper, R. G. Richards, J. D. Riedel, R. A. Robertson, J. L. GP IEEE TI First Measurements of the Inclined Boron Layer Thermal-Neutron Detector for Reflectometry SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB A prototype detector based on the inclined absorber layer principle is introduced. For the Liquids Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source, it is shown to be a significant improvement over its current detector, which imposes an instantaneous count rate limitation of 50 kcps. C1 [van Vuure, T. L.; Clonts, L. G.; Crow, M. L.; Cooper, R. G.; Richards, J. D.; Riedel, R. A.; Robertson, J. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP van Vuure, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1621 EP 1624 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000341 ER PT S AU Marleau, P Brennan, J Krenz, K Mascarenhas, N Mrowka, S AF Marleau, Peter Brennan, James Krenz, Kevin Mascarenhas, Nicholas Mrowka, Stanley GP IEEE TI Measurement of Variations in the Neutron Background at Sea using a Neutron Scatter Camera SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We present results from recent neutron background measurements at sea with the neutron scatter camera. We successfully deployed and operated a Neutron Scatter Camera onboard a cargo vessel. We present measurements of angular and temporal variations in the neutron background at various geomagnetic rigidities between Oakland, CA and Honolulu, HI at sea as well as at various locations within the cargo vessel itself. We also present results of extensive detector calibration studies made to reduce systematic measurement errors. C1 [Marleau, Peter; Brennan, James; Krenz, Kevin; Mascarenhas, Nicholas; Mrowka, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marleau, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pmarlea@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1625 EP 1627 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000342 ER PT S AU Ronzhin, A Ramberg, E Albrow, M Vavra, J Frisch, H Natoli, T Ertley, C Kim, H Kobach, A Tang, F Wilbur, S Genat, JF May, E Byrum, K Anderson, J Drake, G AF Ronzhin, A. Ramberg, E. Albrow, M. Vavra, J. Frisch, H. Natoli, T. Ertley, C. Kim, H. Kobach, A. Tang, F. Wilbur, S. Genat, J. -F. May, E. Byrum, K. Anderson, J. Drake, G. GP IEEE TI Testing a Silicon Photomultiplier Time-of-Flight (TOF) System in Fermilab Test Beam Facility SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The first results from a time-of-flight beam test of silicon photomultipliers (SiPm) with quartz Cherenkov radiators obtained in the Fermilab Test Beam Facility are discussed. The tinting measurement was performed with commercial electronics that were commissioned in the Fermilab SiPm timing facility. The plan for a new time-of-flight system for the test beam facility, with the goal of obtaining a few tens picosecond time resolution is presented. C1 [Ronzhin, A.; Ramberg, E.; Albrow, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Vavra, J.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Natoli, T.; Ertley, C.; Kim, H.; Kobach, A.; Tang, F.; Wilbur, S.; Genat, J. -F.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [May, E.; Byrum, K.; Anderson, J.; Drake, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ronzhin, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ronzhin@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1667 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000351 ER PT S AU Ronzhin, A Demarteau, M Los, S Ramberg, E AF Ronzhin, Anatoly Demarteau, Marcel Los, Sergey Ramberg, Erik GP IEEE TI Study of Timing Properties of Silicon Photomultipiers SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB A new setup has been made at Fermilab for detector timing measurements at picosecond level. The core timing resolution of the amplifiers, discriminators and TAC/ADC combination is approximately 2 picosecond. We have made a study of a single photoelectron time resolution (SPTR) measured for signals coming from silicon photomultipliers (SiPm) made by different manufacturers. The obtained SPTR is of the order of 180 picosecond with SiPms illuminated by red (635 nm) PiLas laser light. IRST SiPms show better SPTR when illuminated by the blue laser light (405 nm). Most of the data were taken with I Volt of the overvoltage. The SiPms time resolution is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of photoelectrons. A time-of-flight (TOF) system with few tens of picosecond time resolution, based SiPms with quartz Cherenkov radiators looks practically achievable. A simple model is proposed to explain the difference in SPTR of the IRST SiPms when illuminating by the blue and red light. The explanation of the origin of the tail in the MPPC SiPm's single photoelectron time spectra is presented. Finally, requirements for the SiPms temperature and bias voltage stability to maintain few picosecond time resolution are discussed. C1 [Ronzhin, Anatoly; Demarteau, Marcel; Los, Sergey; Ramberg, Erik] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ronzhin, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ronzhin@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1670 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000352 ER PT S AU Anderson, JT Byrum, K Drake, G Ertley, C Frisch, HJ Genat, JF May, E Salek, D Tang, FK AF Anderson, John T. Byrum, Karen Drake, Gary Ertley, Camden Frisch, Henry J. Genat, Jean-Francois May, Edward Salek, David Tang, Fukun GP IEEE TI New Developments in Fast-Sampling Readout of Micro-Channel Plate Based Large Area Pico-second Time-of-Flight Detectors SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Detectors based on Micro-Channel Plate structures coupled to transmission lines could be used to cover large areas while keeping their outstanding timing properties. This development is a key step towards very large area photo-detectors with excellent space and time resolutions, possible "game changers" in high energy physics, medical imaging, and security. A readout device consisting of transmission tines with 3.5 GHz analog bandwidth coupled to the anodes of a 2" x 2" device is presented. Simulations predict that waveform sampling using ASICs in the 10 Giga-sample/second range allows measuring both space with millimeter precision and fast timing at a few pico-seconds resolution. C1 [Ertley, Camden; Frisch, Henry J.; Genat, Jean-Francois] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Anderson, John T.; Byrum, Karen; Drake, Gary; May, Edward] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Salek, David] Charles Univ Prague, CR-11636 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Genat, JF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM genat@hep.uchicago.edu FU University of Chicago; National Science Foundation [5-43270]; U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Detector Research program FX This work was supported in part by the University of Chicago, the National Science Foundation under grant number 5-43270, and the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Detector Research program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1753 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656000371 ER PT S AU Perez, E Belanger-Champagne, C Benslama, K Bosman, M Brenner, R Casado, MP Czyczula, Z Dam, M Demers, S Farrington, S Igonkina, O Kalinowski, A Kanaya, N Osuna, C Ptacek, E Reinsch, A Saavedra, A Sfyrla, A Sopczak, A Strom, D Torrence, E Tsuno, S Vorwerk, V Watson, A Xella, S AF Perez, E. Belanger-Champagne, C. Benslama, K. Bosman, M. Brenner, R. Casado, M. P. Czyczula, Z. Dam, M. Demers, S. Farrington, S. Igonkina, O. Kalinowski, A. Kanaya, N. Osuna, C. Ptacek, E. Reinsch, A. Saavedra, A. Sfyrla, A. Sopczak, A. Strom, D. Torrence, E. Tsuno, S. Vorwerk, V. Watson, A. Xella, S. GP IEEE TI Implementation and Commissioning of the ATLAS Tau Trigger SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Moving to the high energy regime of LHC, the identification of tau leptons will become an important and very powerful tool, allowing the discovery of physics beyond the Standard Model. Tools to efficiently identify tau lepton at trigger level, based on the advanced calorimetry and tracking capabilities, have been developed for the ATLAS experiment. Commissioning of the tau trigger is presently being carried out. Tau trigger implementation, performance, and commissioning strategy is presented. C1 [Perez, E.; Bosman, M.; Casado, M. P.; Osuna, C.; Vorwerk, V.] IFAE, Barcelona, Spain. [Belanger-Champagne, C.; Brenner, R.] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Benslama, K.; Kalinowski, A.] Univ Regina, Regina, SK, Canada. [Czyczula, Z.; Dam, M.; Xella, S.] Univ Copenhagen, NBI, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Demers, S.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Farrington, S.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Igonkina, O.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kanaya, N.; Tsuno, S.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Ptacek, E.; Reinsch, A.; Strom, D.; Torrence, E.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR USA. [Saavedra, A.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Sfyrla, A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Sopczak, A.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Watson, A.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Perez, E (reprint author), IFAE, Barcelona, Spain. RI Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014 OI Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1892 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001004 ER PT S AU Amerio, S Casarsa, M Cortiana, G Donini, J Lucchesi, D Griso, SP Ristori, L AF Amerio, S. Casarsa, M. Cortiana, G. Donini, J. Lucchesi, D. Griso, S. Pagan Ristori, L. GP IEEE TI Triggering on B-Jets at CDF II SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Tevatron; CDF; trigger; b-tag; Higgs boson ID BROKEN SYMMETRIES; BOSONS AB In this paper we present a trigger able to online select b-jets enriched samples. This feature is of central interest in order to extend the physics reach for Standard Model or Minimal Super Symmetric Model Higgs decaying into a pair of b-quarks. The algorithm fully exploits the recently upgraded CDF II tracking system (XFT - eXtremely Fast Tracker) and Level 2 CALorimeter (L2CAL) cluster finder. These upgrades, necessary to cope with Tevatron increasing luminosity, have provided new and refined trigger primitives which, in conjunction with the already existing Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT), are at the basis of our algorithm. As a b-quark can travel some millimeters before hadronizing, the trigger architecture is based on the search of tracks displaced with respect to the primary vertex and matching energetic jets of particles. We discuss the development of the trigger, its technical implementation as well as its performances: the algorithm can provide high efficiency on H -> b (b) over bar events and run up to the highest luminosity reached by Tevatron so far with an acceptable occupancy of the available bandwidth. C1 [Amerio, S.; Cortiana, G.; Donini, J.; Lucchesi, D.; Griso, S. Pagan] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Casarsa, M.] Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cortiana, G.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Donini, J.] LPSC Grenoble, CNRS, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. RP Amerio, S (reprint author), Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. EM amerio@pd.infn.it; casara@fnal.gov; cortiana@mppmu.mpg.de; julien.donini@lpsc.in2p3.fr; lucch-esi@pd.infn.it; simone.pagan@pd.infn.it; ristori@pi.infn.it FU U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Korean Research Foundation; Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council and the Royal Society, UK; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; the European Community's Human Potential Programme; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2030 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001032 ER PT S AU Canepa, A Casarsa, M Cavaliere, V Cortiana, G Donati, S Flanagan, G Frisch, H Krop, D Pilcher, C Giannetti, P Greco, V Piendibene, M Rusu, V Sartori, L Vidal, M AF Canepa, A. Casarsa, M. Cavaliere, V. Cortiana, G. Donati, S. Flanagan, G. Frisch, H. Krop, D. Pilcher, C. Giannetti, P. Greco, V. Piendibene, M. Rusu, V. Sartori, L. Vidal, M. GP IEEE TI Level-3 Calorimeter Resolution Available for the Level-1 and Level-2 CDF Triggers SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB As the Tevatron luminosity increases more sophisticated selections are required to be efficient in selecting rare events from a very huge background. To cope with this problem, CDF has pushed the Level-3 calorimeter algorithm resolutions up to Level-2 and, when possible, at Level-1, increasing efficiency and, at the same time, keeping under control the rates. This strategy increases the purity of the Level-2 and Level-1 samples, produces free-bandwidth that allows to reduce the thresholds. The global effect is an increase of the signal efficiency of important Tevatron Standard Model Higgs search channels (H -> WW, ZH, WH). The L2 upgrade improves the cluster finding algorithm, the resolution of the Missing Transverse Energy (MET) and the SUM Transverse Energy (SUMET) calculations. The same Level-2 MET and SUMET improved resolution has been made available to the Level-1 system, exploiting the same hardware used for the Level-2 upgrade. The upgrade is based on the Pulsar board, a general purpose VME board developed at CDF and already used for upgrading both the Level-2 tracking and the Level-2 global decision crate. The Level-2 upgrade has been designed, built, tested and commissioned in six months. It was accepted as the default system for CDF in August 2007. The same Level-2 hardware can be used in such a way to provide the Level-1 calorimeter system of the same MET, SUMET resolution provided to Level-2. While in the upgraded Level-2 system the algorithms are executed in a commercial CPU within the typical Level-2 processing timing of 20 mu s, in the upgraded Level-1 system, MET and SUMET are calculated by powerful FPGAs within 5 mu s. The Level-1 upgrade is currently ongoing and in commissioning phase. We describe the CDF Level-2 and the new Level-1 calorimeter upgrades, the architecture and the trigger performances, with particular emphasis on a new calorimeter MET_JET-based trigger performances used for CDF Higgs search. C1 [Canepa, A.] Univ Penn, TRIUMF, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Casarsa, M.] Fermi Natl Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cavaliere, V.] Univ Rome, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Cortiana, G.] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Donati, S.; Giannetti, P.; Greco, V.; Piendibene, M.; Sartori, L.] Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. [Flanagan, G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Frisch, H.; Krop, D.; Pilcher, C.; Rusu, V.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Vidal, M.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. RP Canepa, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, TRIUMF, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2037 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001033 ER PT S AU Anderson, J Byrum, K Dawson, J Drake, G Haberichter, B Horan, D Krennrich, F Kreps, A Madhavan, A Schroedter, M Smith, A AF Anderson, John Byrum, Karen Dawson, John Drake, Gary Haberichter, Bill Horan, Deirdre Krennrich, Frank Kreps, Andrew Madhavan, A. Schroedter, Martin Smith, Andy GP IEEE TI A New High-Speed Pattern Recognition Trigger for Ground-Based Telescope Arrays Used in Gamma Ray Astronomy SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Modern imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes (IACTs) are often configured as an array of individual telescopes, each having 500 pixels or more, where stereoscopic views of gamma ray air showers using two or more telescopes operating in unison improve the measurement of the location of the source in the night sky. The gamma-ray showers of interest have significant backgrounds, including cosmic-ray showers from protons and heavier elements, muons, and fluctuations in the night sky background that generate noise events in the photo-detectors. It is desirable to lower the thresholds on individual pixels, as this reduces the energy threshold of the instrument and facilitates observation of more distant cosmological objects. However, lowering the threshold also increases the noise and background rates. System aspects ultimately determine how low the threshold can be, including the depth of memory in the front end electronics, the speed of the data acquisition, and the sophistication of the trigger. Gamma-ray showers have a distinct but not unique signature compared to the background signals. We have developed a three-stage, high-speed trigger that can recognize patterns from gamma-ray showers and correlate them across all telescopes in the array to form a stereoscopic real-time pattern recognition trigger. Our goal is to process the similar to 10 MHz individual pixel rate on 500+ channels of each telescope (Level 1), and produce a camera trigger rate of 10 MHz (Level 2), and an array trigger rate of less than1 KHz (Level 3). This is a significant increase in performance over current IACTs that operate typically at a I KHz Level-2 and at 300 similar to Hz event acceptance rate. We describe the architecture of this new sophisticated trigger, present first measurements of the prototype system, and describe plans to test this system in an existing IACT as a proof of principle for a future IACT array that might consist of hundreds of telescopes. C1 [Anderson, John; Byrum, Karen; Dawson, John; Drake, Gary; Haberichter, Bill; Kreps, Andrew; Smith, Andy] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Krennrich, Frank; Madhavan, A.; Schroedter, Martin] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Horan, Deirdre] LLR Ecole Polytech, Palaiseau, France. RP Krennrich, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM drake@anl.gov; deirdrehoran@gmail.com; krennrich@iastate.edu FU Iowa State University and the Department of Energy [DEFG0207ER41497]; Argonne National Laboratory FX The authors wish to acknowledge support by Iowa State University and the Department of Energy through the Advanced Detector Research program (DEFG0207ER41497).; and support from Argonne National Laboratory through the LDRD program. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2048 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001036 ER PT S AU Argyropoulos, T Assamagan, KA Benedict, BH Chernyatin, V Cheu, E Deng, J Gordeev, A Eschrich, IG Grachev, V Johns, K Junnarkar, S Kandasamy, K Kaushik, V Khodinov, A Lankford, A Lei, X Garcia, RM Nikolopoulos, K O'Connor, P Parnell-Lampen, CL Park, W Polychronakos, V Porter, R Purohit, M Schernau, M Toggerson, BK Tompkins, D AF Argyropoulos, T. Assamagan, K. A. Benedict, B. H. Chernyatin, V. Cheu, E. Deng, J. Gordeev, A. Eschrich, I. Gough Grachev, V. Johns, K. Junnarkar, S. Kandasamy, K. Kaushik, V. Khodinov, A. Lankford, A. Lei, X. Garcia, R. Murillo Nikolopoulos, K. O'Connor, P. Parnell-Lampen, C. L. Park, W. Polychronakos, V. Porter, R. Purohit, M. Schernau, M. Toggerson, B. K. Tompkins, D. GP IEEE TI Cathode Strip Chambers in ATLAS : Installation, Commissioning and in Situ Performance SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE cathode strip chamber; muon spectrometer; commissioning; ATLAS; LHC AB The Muon Spectrometer of the ATLAS detector at the LHC is designed to provide high quality stand-alone muon identification, momentum measurement and trigger capabilities with high pseudorapidity coverage. Precision tracking at the inner-most station in the high pseudorapidity regions, 2.0 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.7, is performed by 16 four-layered Cathode Strip Chambers on each end-cap. These are multi-wire proportional chambers with segmented cathodes providing excellent spatial resolution and high counting rate capability. The second cathode of each layer is coarsely segmented, providing the transverse coordinate. The detector level performance of the system is presented. The installation and commissioning effort for the Cathode Strip Chambers is described. Finally, the in situ performance is briefly discussed. C1 [Nikolopoulos, K.] Univ Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Argyropoulos, T.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens 15780, Greece. [Argyropoulos, T.; Assamagan, K. A.; Chernyatin, V.; Gordeev, A.; Junnarkar, S.; Kandasamy, K.; Nikolopoulos, K.; O'Connor, P.; Polychronakos, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Grachev, V.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Cheu, E.; Johns, K.; Kaushik, V.; Lei, X.; Parnell-Lampen, C. L.; Tompkins, D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Benedict, B. H.; Deng, J.; Eschrich, I. Gough; Lankford, A.; Garcia, R. Murillo; Porter, R.; Schernau, M.; Toggerson, B. K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Khodinov, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Park, W.; Purohit, M.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Nikolopoulos, K (reprint author), Univ Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. EM Konstantinos.Nikoloulos@cern.ch FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CHI-886] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CHI-886. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2094 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001047 ER PT S AU Harrison, MJ Linnick, C Montag, B Brinton, S McCreary, M Doty, FP McGregor, DS AF Harrison, M. J. Linnick, C. Montag, B. Brinton, S. McCreary, M. Doty, F. P. McGregor, D. S. GP IEEE TI Radioluminescence and Scintillation Results of Horizontal Gradient Freeze Grown Aliovalently-Doped CeBr3 SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Aliovalent doping; crystal growth; scintillation detectors; solid solution hardening AB Strengthening the crystal lattice of lanthanide halides, which are brittle, anisotropic, ionic crystals, may prove to increase the availability and ruggedness of these scintillators for room-temperature gamma-ray spectroscopy applications. Eight aliovalent dopants for CeBr3 were explored in an effort to find the optimal aliovalent strengthening agent. Eight dopants, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, ZrBr4, HfBr4, ZnBr2, CdBr2, and PbBr2, were explored at two levels of doping, 500 and 1000 ppm. From each ingot, samples were harvested for radioluminescence spectrum measurement and scintillation testing. Of the eight dopants explored, only BaBr2 and PbBr2 were found to clearly decrease total light yield. ZnBr2 and CdBr2 dopants both affected the radioluminescence emission spectrum very little as compared to undoped CeBr3. HfBr4- and ZnBr2-doped CeBr3 exhibited the highest light yields. C1 [Harrison, M. J.; Linnick, C.; Montag, B.; Brinton, S.; McCreary, M.; McGregor, D. S.] Kansas State Univ, Semicond Mat & Radiol Technol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Doty, F. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harrison, MJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Semicond Mat & Radiol Technol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM harrison@ksu.edu; fpdoty@sandia.gov; mcgregor@ksu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nonproliferation Technology FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Technology, Department NA22, Advanced Materials NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2125 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001053 ER PT S AU Dragone, A Pratte, JF Rehak, P Carini, GA Herbst, R O'Connor, P Siddons, DP AF Dragone, A. Pratte, J. F. Rehak, P. Carini, G. A. Herbst, R. O'Connor, P. Siddons, D. P. GP IEEE TI XAMPS Detector Readout ASIC for LCLS SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB An ASIC for the readout of signals from X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensor (XAMPS) detectors to be used at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is presented. The X-ray Pump Probe (XPP) instrument, for which the ASIC has been designed, requires a large input dynamic range on the order of 1()4 photons at 8 keV with a resolution of half a photon FWHM. Due to the size of the pixel and the length of the readout line, large input capacitance is expected, leading to stringent requirement on the noise optimization. Furthermore, the large number of pixels needed for a good position resolution and the fixed LCLS beam period impose limitations on the time available for the single pixel readout. Considering the periodic nature of the LCLS beam, the ASIC developed for this application is a time-variant system providing low-noise charge integration, filtering and correlated double sampling. In order to cope with the large input dynamic range a charge pump scheme implementing a zero-balance measurement method has been introduced. It provides an on chip 3-bit coarse digital conversion of the integrated charge. The residual charge is sampled using correlated double sampling into analog memory and measured with the required resolution. The first 64 channel prototype of the ASIC has been fabricated in TSMC CMOS 0.25 mu m technology. In this paper, the ASIC architecture and performances are presented. C1 [Dragone, A.; Herbst, R.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pratte, J. F.; Rehak, P.; O'Connor, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY USA. [Carini, G. A.; Siddons, D. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY USA. RP Dragone, A (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dragone@slac.stanford.edu FU SLAC; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CHI0886, DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX In particular the authors would like to thank Gunther Haller, Dieter and Mark Freytag, Lupe Salgado and Tung Phan from SLAC for the continuing support to the project. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CHI0886. Use of the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2245 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001075 ER PT S AU Miller, MC Menlove, HO AF Miller, Michael C. Menlove, Howard O. GP IEEE TI Advanced Safeguards for the Nuclear Renaissance SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The global expansion of nuclear energy provides not only the benefit of carbon-neutral electricity, but also the potential for proliferation concern as well. Nuclear safeguards implemented at the state level (domestic) and at the international level by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are essential for ensuring that nuclear materials are not misused and are thereby a critical component of the increased usage of nuclear energy. In the same way that the 1950's Atoms for Peace initiative provided the foundation for a robust research and development program in nuclear safeguards, the expansion of nuclear energy that is underway today provides the impetus to enter a new era of technical development in the safeguards community. In this paper, we will review the history of nuclear safeguards research and development as well future directions. C1 [Miller, Michael C.; Menlove, Howard O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, MC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmiller@lanl.gov; hmenlove@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy; National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nonproliferation; International Security FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy and the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nonproliferation and International Security. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2314 EP + PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001087 ER PT S AU Sadler, LE Bernstein, A Bowden, NS Dazeley, S Lund, J Mrowka, S Reyna, D AF Sadler, Lorraine E. Bernstein, Adam Bowden, Nathaniel S. Dazeley, Steven Lund, Jim Mrowka, Stanley Reyna, David GP IEEE TI Towards Above-ground Antineutrino Detectors for Cooperative Monitoring: Background Radiation Studies SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We describe an assembly of detectors that quantifies the background radiation present at potential above ground antineutrino detector development and deployment sites. Antineutrino detectors show great promise for safeguard applications in directly detecting the total fission rate as well as the change in fissile content of nuclear power reactors. One major technical challenge that this safeguard application must overcome is the ability to distinguish signals from antineutrinos originating in the reactor core from noise due to background radiation created by terrestrial and cosmogenic sources. To date, existing detectors increase their ability to distinguish antineutrino signals by being surrounded with significant shielding and being placed underground. For the safeguard's agency, this is less than optimal, increasing the overall size and limiting the placement of this system. For antineutrino monitoring to be a widely deployable solution, we must understand the backgrounds found above ground at nuclear power plants that can mimic the antineutrino signal so that these backgrounds can be easily identified, separated, and subtracted rather than shielded. The design, construction, calibration, and results from the deployment of these background detectors at a variety of sites will be presented. C1 [Sadler, Lorraine E.; Lund, Jim; Mrowka, Stanley; Reyna, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bernstein, Adam; Bowden, Nathaniel S.; Dazeley, Steven] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sadler, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lesadle@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; [DE-AC5207NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC5207NA27344. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2320 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001088 ER PT S AU Ianakiev, KD Alexandrov, BS Boyer, BD Hill, TR MacArthur, DW Marks, TA Moss, CE Nolen, BP Paffett, MT Sheppard, GA Swinhoe, MT AF Ianakiev, K. D. Alexandrov, B. S. Boyer, B. D. Hill, T. R. MacArthur, D. W. Marks, T. A. Moss, C. E. Nolen, B. P. Paffett, M. T. Sheppard, G. A. Swinhoe, M. T. GP IEEE TI New Generation Enrichment Monitoring Technology for Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plants SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We report our progress toward development of new generation on-line enrichment monitoring technology for UF(6) gas centrifuge plants based on a transmission source and a Nal spectrometer. We use an X-ray tube with transmission filters instead of a decaying isotopic transmission source to eliminate the costly replacement of this source. The UF(6) gas density measurement is based on the energy dependency of the mass attenuation for two characteristic X-ray lines generated by the transmission filters. An analytical expression for the UF(6) density is derived and criteria for the selection of transmission energies are discussed. Because of the differential method of measurement, the UF(6) gas density does not depend on the intensity of the X-ray source. We describe a design of a sealed UF(6) gas test stand for development testing and calibration of various on-line enrichment monitoring instruments. The sealed source is intended to replace a UF(6) gaseous loop currently used for calibration. C1 [Ianakiev, K. D.; Alexandrov, B. S.; Boyer, B. D.; Hill, T. R.; MacArthur, D. W.; Marks, T. A.; Moss, C. E.; Nolen, B. P.; Paffett, M. T.; Sheppard, G. A.; Swinhoe, M. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ianakiev, KD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ianakiev@lanl.gov; boian@lanl.gov; bboyer@lanl.gov; tomhill@lanl.gov; dmacarthur@lanl.gov; tmarks@lanl.gov; cmoss@lanl.gov; bnolen@lanl.gov; mtp@lanl.gov; sheppard@lanl.gov; swinhoe@lanl.gov RI Alexandrov, Boian/D-2488-2010 OI Alexandrov, Boian/0000-0001-8636-4603 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2330 EP 2334 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001090 ER PT S AU Bell, ZW Ziock, KP Ohmes, MF Xu, Y Downar, T Pozzi, SA AF Bell, Z. W. Ziock, K-P Ohmes, M. F. Xu, Y. Downar, T. Pozzi, S. A. GP IEEE TI Measurement of Neutron Yields from UF4 SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE AB We have performed measurements of neutron production from UF4 samples using liquid scintillator as the detector material. Neutrons and gamma rays were separated by a multichannel digital pulse shape discriminator, and the neutron pulse-height spectra were unfolded using sequential least-squares optimization with an active set strategy. The unfolded spectra were compared to estimates calculated with the SOURCES 4C code. C1 [Bell, Z. W.; Ziock, K-P; Pozzi, S. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ohmes, M. F.] ICx Radiat Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Ohmes, M. F.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Xu, Y.; Downar, T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xu, Y.; Downar, T.; Pozzi, S. A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 41809 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bellzw@ornl.gov; ziockk@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, under contract DE-AC05-000R22725. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2335 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001091 ER PT S AU Habte, F Blackston, MA Hausladen, PA Fabris, L AF Habte, Frezghi Blackston, Matthew A. Hausladen, Paul A. Fabris, Lorenzo GP IEEE TI Enhancing Pixelated Fast-Neutron Block Detector Performance Using a Slotted Light Guide SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The first fast-neutron scintillation block detector has been developed for use in neutron imaging applications. The low-cost, large field of view (FOV) block detector consists of a 10 x 10 array of plastic scintillator crystals, each with a size of approximately 1 x 1 x 5 cm(3). To achieve both low cost and fast response time, the detector uses a 2 x 2 array of photomultiplier tubes (2-in. Photonis XP20D0) optically coupled to the array of scintillation crystals through a custom-made light guide. The light guide is segmented in such a way that all scintillator crystals can be resolved, including the edge crystals, to full), utilize the entire FOV of the detector. The thickness and depth of the light-guide segments were also optimized to maintain nearly uniform linearity between the true pixel locations and the reconstructed positions. Flood images from simulation and experiment show that each of the 100 pixels is resolved with an average peak-to-valley ratio for 14 MeV neutrons of 9:1. A mean deviation of 3.3 mm is obtained between the resolved image peaks and the respective true positions demonstrating good linearity. A coincidence measurement performed using a deuterium-tritium neutron generator, in which the neutrons were measured with the block detector and the corresponding alpha particles were measured with another scintillation detector revealed a total time resolution of 1.3 ns full width at half maximum. C1 [Habte, Frezghi] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Habte, Frezghi; Blackston, Matthew A.; Hausladen, Paul A.; Fabris, Lorenzo] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Habte, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fhabte@stanford.edu RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The authors acknowledge the excellent machining exhibited by Agile Engineering, Inc., in construction of the light guides and pixel blocks used in this work. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2403 EP + PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001105 ER PT S AU Liu, DW AF Liu, Dawei GP IEEE TI PMT Evaluation For the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Neutrino; PMT AB Detailed measurements have been conducted to evaluate 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMT) from three vendors for the Daya Bay neutrino experiment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwliu@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2408 EP 2414 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001106 ER PT S AU Foudas, C Jones, J Stettler, M AF Foudas, Costas Jones, John Stettler, Matthew GP IEEE TI DAQ and Control Systems for the CMS Global Calorimeter Trigger Matrix Processor SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE CMS; GCT; mu TCA AB A new trigger component based on the micro TeleCommunications Architecture (mu TCA) standard is being developed for the Compact Moon Solenoid (CMS) Global Calorimeter Trigger (GCT). The new system is designed to handle the exchange of data between the GCT and the Global Muon Trigger and is called the GCT Moon and Quiet Bit System. It consists or a uTCA crate with a custom backplane instrumented with several Matrix processor cards, which use a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA and an M21141 72x72 cross-point switch. We discuss the development and use of the various communication systems available for the Matrix processor. Given the nature of the Virtex-5 FPGAs used as the basis of the design, there are several communication protocols available. In this paper we focus on the use of PCI express and Gigabit Ethernet UDP/IP using the built-in Virtex-5 interfaces, and TCP/IP and IPMB via an NXP microcontroller interface on the Matrix board itself. The use of these interfaces for slow control of the board and fast Data AcQuisition (DAQ) are discussed in terms of available bandwidth and resource usage. Furthermore we discuss the implications of the use of such industry-standard interfaces as a replacement for more traditional simplex busses such as VME. To that end we outline the development of a new Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) with built-in overlapped I/O and one possible serial bus architecture providing a metastability-tolerant interface and auto-discovery for ease of use. C1 [Foudas, Costas] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept High Energy Phys, London SW7 2BW, England. [Jones, John] Princeton Univ, Dept High Energy Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stettler, Matthew] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Foudas, C (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept High Energy Phys, London SW7 2BW, England. EM jj4@princeton.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2558 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001136 ER PT S AU Warren, G Caggiano, J Ahmed, M Bertozzi, W Hunt, A Johnson, J Jones, J Korbly, S Reedy, E Seipel, H Stave, S Watson, S Weller, H AF Warren, Glen Caggiano, Joseph Ahmed, Mohammad Bertozzi, William Hunt, Alan Johnson, James Jones, James Korbly, Stephen Reedy, Edward Seipel, Heather Stave, Sean Watson, Scott Weller, Henry GP IEEE TI Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Using Different Photon Sources SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a photonbased active interrogation approach that provides isotope-specific signatures that can be used to detect and characterize samples. As NRF systems are designed to address specific applications, an obvious first question to address is the type of photon source to be employed for the application. Our collaboration has conducted a series of NRF measurements using different photon sources to begin to examine this issue. The measurements were designed to be as similar as possible to facilitate a straightforward comparison of the different sources. Measurements were conducted with a high-duty factor electron accelerator using bremsstrahlung photons, with a pulsed linear accelerator using bremsstrahlung photons, and with a narrow bandwidth photon source using Compton backscattered photons. We present our observations on the advantages and disadvantages of each photon source type. Issues such as signal rate, the signal-to-noise ratio, and absorbed dose are discussed. C1 [Warren, Glen; Caggiano, Joseph] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ahmed, Mohammad; Stave, Sean; Weller, Henry] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Hunt, Alan; Reedy, Edward; Seipel, Heather] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID USA. [Johnson, James; Jones, James; Watson, Scott] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Bertozzi, William; Korbly, Stephen] Passport Syst Inc, Billerica, MA USA. RP Warren, G (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.warren@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [NA-22]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) FX This effort was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22) and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2593 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001144 ER PT S AU Chichester, DL Seabury, EH AF Chichester, David L. Seabury, Edward H. GP IEEE TI Using Electronic Neutron Generators in Active Interrogation to Detect Shielded Fissionable Material SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID DIE-AWAY ANALYSIS; DIFFERENTIAL DIE; SYSTEM AB Experiments have been performed at Idaho National Laboratory to study methodology and instrumentation for performing neutron active interrogation die-away analyses for the purpose of detecting shielded fissionable material. Here we report initial work using a portable DT electronic neutron generator with a He-3 fast neutron detector to detect shielded fissionable material including enriched uranium and reactor grade plutonium. Measurements have been taken of bare material as well as of material hidden within a large plywood cube. Results from this work have demonstrated the efficacy of the die-away neutron measurement technique for quickly detecting the presence of special nuclear material hidden within plywood shields by analyzing the time dependent neutron signals in-between neutron generator pulses. Using a DT electronic neutron generator operating at 300 Hz with a yield of approximately 0.36 x 10(8) neutrons per second, 2.2 kg of enriched uranium hidden within a 0.60 in x 0.60 in x 0.70 m volume of plywood was positively detected with a measurement signal 2-sigma above the passive background within I second. Similarly, for a 500 second measurement period a lower detection limit of approaching the gram level could be expected with the same simple set-up. C1 [Chichester, David L.; Seabury, Edward H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chichester, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM David.Chichester@inl.gov; Edward.Seabury@inl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2636 EP 2642 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001152 ER PT S AU Mascarenhas, N Brennan, J Krenz, K Marleau, P Mrowka, S AF Mascarenhas, Nicholas Brennan, James Krenz, Kevin Marleau, Peter Mrowka, Stanley GP IEEE TI Results with the neutron scatter camera SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We present results from recent deployments with the neutron scatter camera. We successfully detected and pinpointed a hidden (252)Cf neutron source in a large ocean tanker at Alameda, CA. In a lab study we detected a (252)Cf neutron source at a stand off distance of about 100 ft We measured the integral flux, differential flux and angular distribution of cosmic neutron background in the fission energy range 0.5-10 MeV at Alameda, CA (sea level), Livermore, CA (570 ft), Albuquerque, NM (5300 ft) and Fenton Hill, NM (8630 ft). The neutron backgrounds are relatively low, uniform and well understood. We recently increased the camera effective area 3x. The camera has been successfully ruggedized, deployed to various locations and has performed various measurements. Our results are encouraging and suggest fast neutron imaging could be a useful tool for the detection of special nuclear material (SNM). C1 [Mascarenhas, Nicholas; Brennan, James; Krenz, Kevin; Marleau, Peter; Mrowka, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mascarenhas, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nmascar@sandia.gov; jsbrenn@sandia.gov; kdkrenz@sandia.gov; smrowka@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2643 EP 2646 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001153 ER PT S AU Sweany, M Bernstein, A Bowden, N Dazeley, S Svoboda, R AF Sweany, Melinda Bernstein, Adam Bowden, Nathaniel Dazeley, Steven Svoboda, Robert GP IEEE TI Special Nuclear Material Detection with a Water Cherenkov based Detector SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Fission events from Special Nuclear Material (SNM), such as highly enriched uranium or plutonium, produce a number of neutrons and high energy gamma-rays. Assuming the neutron multiplicity is approximately Poissonian with an average of 2 to 3, the observation of time correlations between these particles from a cargo container would constitute a robust signature of the presence of SNM inside. However, in order to be sensitive to the multiplicity, one would require a high total efficiency. There are two approaches to maximize the total efficiency; maximizing the detector efficiency or maximizing the detector solid angle coverage. The advanced detector group at LLNL is investigating one way to maximize the detector size. We are designing and building a water Cerenkov based gamma and neutron detector for the purpose of developing an efficient and cost effective way to deploy a large solid angle car wash style detector. We report on our progress in constructing a larger detector and also present preliminary results from our prototype detector that indicates detection of neutrons. C1 [Sweany, Melinda; Svoboda, Robert] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bernstein, Adam; Bowden, Nathaniel; Dazeley, Steven] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Sweany, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU US Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors wish to thank the DOE NA-22 for their support of this project. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2647 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001154 ER PT S AU Junnarkar, SS O'Connor, P Fontaine, R AF Junnarkar, Sachin S. O'Connor, Paul Fontaine, Rejean GP IEEE TI FPGA based self calibrating 40 picosecond resolution, wide range Time to Digital Converter SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE TOF; FPGA; TDC; Picosecond; Self calibrating; Ring oscillator AB We present FPGA-based self calibrating Time to Digital Converter (TDC) architecture specific to applications where one is interested in measuring absolute time of occurrence of an event since to by combining coarse (simple binary counter at system clock speed) and fine TDC. The architecture relies on an accurate crystal oscillator to provide stable system clock reference to generate calibration test pulse. It uses two controllable ring oscillators with very small difference in frequencies, where the frequency difference determines the achievable resolution. The scheme was implemented on Altera Stratix II device and we have measured a resolution of 40 ps. C1 [Junnarkar, Sachin S.; O'Connor, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fontaine, Rejean] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Junnarkar, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sachin@bnl.gov FU DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-98CHI0886] FX This work is supported under a grant from the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and DOE Contract DE-AC02-98CHI0886. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2709 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001167 ER PT S AU Wu, JY Shi, ZH AF Wu, Jinyuan Shi, Zonghan GP IEEE TI The 10-ps Wave Union TDC: Improving FPGA TDC Resolution beyond Its Cell Delay SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Front End Electronics; TDC; FPGA Firmware ID TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER AB There are two major issues in the delay chain based FPGA TDC due to uneven internal delay in the carry chain. (1) The bin widths are uneven and depend on temperature and power supply voltage, which must be calibrated as frequently as possible. The auto-calibration functional block developed in this work provides semi-continuous calibration that converts the TDC measurements from bins to picoseconds. (2) In many applications, the TDC resolution is limited by the "ultra-wide bins", corresponding to the carry chain crossing at the boundaries of the logic array blocks. The apparent widths of these ultra-wide bins can be several times bigger than the average bin width. The "wave union launchers" described in this paper are designed to make multiple measurements with a single delay chain structure, effectively to sub-divide the ultra-wide bins in each raw measurement. Several TDC schemes with resolutions in 20 to10 picoseconds range implemented in today's low cost FPGA have been tested. C1 [Wu, Jinyuan; Shi, Zonghan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jywu168@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2715 EP 2721 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001168 ER PT S AU Freytag, D Herbst, R Brau, J Breidenbach, M Frey, R Haller, G Holbrook, B Lander, R Nelson, T Radeka, V Strom, D Tripathi, M AF Freytag, D. Herbst, R. Brau, J. Breidenbach, M. Frey, R. Haller, G. Holbrook, B. Lander, R. Nelson, T. Radeka, V. Strom, D. Tripathi, M. GP IEEE TI KPiX, An Array of Self Triggered Charge Sensitive Cells Generating Digital Time and Amplitude Information SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The Silicon Detector proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) requires electronic read-out that can be tightly coupled to the silicon detectors envisioned for the tracker and the electromagnetic calorimeter. The KPiX is a 1024-channel read-out chip that bump-bonds to the detector and communicates through a few digital signals, power, and detector bias. The KPiX front-end is a low-noise dual-range charge-amplifier with a dynamic range of 17 bit, achieved by autonomous switching of the feedback capacitor. The device takes advantage of the ILC duty cycle of 1 ms trains at 5 Hz rate by lowering the supply current after the data acquisition cycle for an average power consumption of <20 mu W/channel. During the 1 ms train, up to four events exceeding a programmable threshold can be stored, the amplitude as a voltage on a capacitor for subsequent digitization, the event time in digital format. The chip can be configured for other than ILC applications. C1 [Freytag, D.; Herbst, R.; Breidenbach, M.; Haller, G.; Nelson, T.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Brau, J.; Frey, R.; Strom, D.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Holbrook, B.; Lander, R.; Tripathi, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Radeka, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Freytag, D (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM drf@slac.stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, (SLAC-PUB-13462)] FX Manuscript received November 14, 2008. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 (SLAC-PUB-13462) NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2722 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001169 ER PT S AU Bagliesi, G Bauerdick, L Belforte, S Bloom, K Bockelman, B Bonacorsi, D Brew, C D'Hondt, J Egeland, R Elgammal, S Fassi, F Fisk, I Flix, J Hernandez, JM Kadastik, M Klem, J Kodolova, O Kuo, CM Letts, J Maes, J Magini, N Metson, S Piedra, J Pukhaeva, N Qin, G Rossman, P Sartirana, A Shih, J Sonajalg, S Teodoro, D Trunov, A Tuura, L Van Mulders, P Wildish, T Wu, Y Wurthwein, F AF Bagliesi, G. Bauerdick, L. Belforte, S. Bloom, K. Bockelman, B. Bonacorsi, D. Brew, C. D'Hondt, J. Egeland, R. Elgammal, S. Fassi, F. Fisk, I. Flix, J. Hernandez, J. M. Kadastik, M. Klem, J. Kodolova, O. Kuo, C. -M. Letts, J. Maes, J. Magini, N. Metson, S. Piedra, J. Pukhaeva, N. Qin, G. Rossman, P. Sartirana, A. Shih, J. Sonajalg, S. Teodoro, D. Trunov, A. Tuura, L. Van Mulders, P. Wildish, T. Wu, Y. Wuerthwein, F. GP IEEE TI The CMS Data Transfer Test Environment in Preparation for LHC Data Taking SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The CMS experiment is preparing for LHC data taking in several computing preparation activities. In distributed data transfer tests, in early 2007 a traffic load generator infrastructure was designed and deployed, to equip the WLCG Tiers which support the CMS Virtual Organization with a means for debugging, load-testing and commissioning data transfer routes among CMS Computing Centres. The LoadTest is based upon PhEDEx as a reliable, scalable dataset replication system. In addition, a Debugging Data Transfers (DDT) Task Force was created to coordinate the debugging of data transfer links in the preparation period and during the Computing Software and Analysis challenge in 2007 (CSA07). The task force aimed to commission most crucial transfer routes among CMS tiers by designing and enforcing a clear procedure to debug problematic links. Such procedure aimed to move a link from a debugging phase in a separate and independent environment to a production environment when a set of agreed conditions are achieved for that link. The goal was to deliver one by one working transfer routes to Data Operations. The experiences with the overall test transfers infrastructure within computing challenges - as in the WLCG Common-VO Computing Readiness Challenge (CCRC'08) - as well as in daily testing and debugging activities are reviewed and discussed, and plans for the future are presented. C1 [Bagliesi, G.] INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Bagliesi, G.; Magini, N.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Bauerdick, L.; Fisk, I.; Rossman, P.; Wu, Y.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Belforte, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Bloom, K.; Bockelman, B.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Bonacorsi, D.; Magini, N.; Sartirana, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, CNAF, Frascati, Italy. [Brew, C.] RAL, Didcot, Oxon, England. [D'Hondt, J.; Maes, J.; Van Mulders, P.] VUB, Brussels, Belgium. [Egeland, R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Elgammal, S.] ULB, Brussels, Belgium. [Fassi, F.; Pukhaeva, N.] CC IN2P3, Lyon, France. [Flix, J.] UAB, PIC, Barcelona, Spain. [Hernandez, J. M.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. [Kadastik, M.; Sonajalg, S.] NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia. [Klem, J.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Kodolova, O.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. [Kuo, C. -M.] NCU, Chungli, Taiwan. [Letts, J.; Wuerthwein, F.] UCSD, La Jolla, CA USA. [Metson, S.] HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol, Avon, England. [Piedra, J.] MIT, Boston, MA USA. [Shih, J.] ASGC, Taipei, Taiwan. [Teodoro, D.] Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Trunov, A.] FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Tuura, L.] NE Univ, Boston, MA USA. [Wildish, T.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Bagliesi, G (reprint author), INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy. RI Kadastik, Mario/B-7559-2008; Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012 OI Flix, Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2750 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001174 ER PT S AU Battaglia, M Bisello, D Contarato, D Denes, P Doering, D Giubilato, P Kim, TS Lee, Z Mattiazzo, S Radmilovic, V AF Battaglia, Marco Bisello, Dario Contarato, Devis Denes, Peter Doering, Dionisio Giubilato, Piero Kim, Tae Sung Lee, Zonghoon Mattiazzo, Serena Radmilovic, Velimir GP IEEE TI Development of a Radiation Hard CMOS Monolithic Pixel Sensor SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AB This paper presents the design and experimental test results of a CMOS monolithic pixel sensor prototype with an optimized layout of the pixel cell aimed at a superior radiation tolerance. The chip implements transistors designed both with and without Enclosed Layout Transistor (ELT) rules, and different optimizations of the charge collecting diodes. Irradiations up to a total dose of 1.1 MRad and single particle detection tests have been performed with 200 keV electrons in view of the utilization of such a sensor in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) applications. The sensor response to high-momentum particles was tested on a 1.5 GeV electron beam. The chip radiation tolerance was also assessed against a 2 MRad total dose of 29 MeV protons and against 1-14 MeV neutron fluences; in excess of 10(13) n(eq) cm(-2). These tests show an improved performance of pixels with ELT transistors, a thinner oxide on top of the diode surface and guard-rings around the diodes. C1 [Battaglia, Marco] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Battaglia, Marco; Contarato, Devis; Denes, Peter; Doering, Dionisio; Giubilato, Piero; Kim, Tae Sung; Lee, Zonghoon; Radmilovic, Velimir] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Giubilato, Piero; Mattiazzo, Serena] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DContarato@lbl.gov RI Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011 OI Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072 FU Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CHI1231] FX Manuscript received November 14, 2008. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CHI1231. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2776 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001180 ER PT S AU Stange, S Esch, EI Bacrania, MK Brown, LO Couture, AJ Del Sesto, RE Gilbertson, RD Jacobsohn, LG McCleskey, TM McKigney, EA Muenchausen, RE Reifarth, R AF Stange, Sy Esch, Ernst I. Bacrania, Minesh K. Brown, Leif O. Couture, Aaron J. Del Sesto, Rico E. Gilbertson, Robert D. Jacobsohn, Luiz G. McCleskey, T. Mark McKigney, Edward A. Muenchausen, Ross E. Reifarth, Rene GP IEEE TI Development and Characterization of Nanocomposite Scintillators for Gamma-Ray Detection SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Nanocomposite scintillators consist of nanoparticles Of an inorganic scintillator dispersed in a matrix material. This technique is particularly well suited for applications requiring large or unusually shaped detectors, since these can be fabricated without requiring the growth of large crystals and using an inexpensive matrix. Nanocomposite scintillators may additionally make it possible to use scintillating materials not currently available in large sizes and quantities. Los Alamos National Laboratory is currently conducting a large nanocomposite scintillator development program. Several potential scintillator materials have been identified. We have successfully fabricated nanoparticles, for example CeF3, with sizes < 10 nm and dispersed them in an optimized liquid scintillator solution and in several polymers. We have measured their size, structure, and radiation detection characteristics and have found good agreement between their scattering behavior and a Rayleigh scattering model. Current research results will be presented. C1 [Stange, Sy; Esch, Ernst I.; Bacrania, Minesh K.; Brown, Leif O.; Couture, Aaron J.; Del Sesto, Rico E.; Gilbertson, Robert D.; Jacobsohn, Luiz G.; McCleskey, T. Mark; McKigney, Edward A.; Muenchausen, Ross E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Esch, Ernst I.; Bacrania, Minesh K.; Brown, Leif O.; Couture, Aaron J.; Del Sesto, Rico E.; Gilbertson, Robert D.; Jacobsohn, Luiz G.; McCleskey, T. Mark; McKigney, Edward A.; Muenchausen, Ross E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Reifarth, Rene] Gesellschaft Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Stange, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2804 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001186 ER PT S AU Turqueti, M Rivera, RA Prosser, A Andresen, J Chramowicz, J AF Turqueti, Marcos Rivera, Ryan A. Prosser, Alan Andresen, Jeffry Chramowicz, John GP IEEE TI CAPTAN: A Hardware Architecture for Integrated Data Acquisition, Control, and Analysis for Detector Development SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Data Acquisition; Test Stand; Gigabit Ethernet; Semiconductor Detectors; Distributed Computing; CAPTAN AB The Electronic Systems Engineering Department of the Computing Division at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has developed a data acquisition system flexible and powerful enough to meet the needs of a variety of high energy physics applications. The system described in this paper is called CAPTAN (Compact And Programmable daTa Acquisition Node) and its architecture and capabilities are presented in detail here. The three most important characteristics of this system are flexibility, versatility and scalabitity. These three main features are supported by key architectural features; a vertical bus that permits the user to stack multiple boards, a gigabit Ethernet link that permits high speed communications to the system and the core group of boards that provide specific capabilities for the system. In this paper, we describe the system architecture, give an overview of its capabilities and point out possible applications. C1 [Turqueti, Marcos; Rivera, Ryan A.; Prosser, Alan; Andresen, Jeffry; Chramowicz, John] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Elect Syst Engn, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turqueti, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Elect Syst Engn, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM turqueti@fnal.gov; rrivera@fnal.gov; aprosser@fnal.gov; andresen@fnal.gov; chramowicz@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2821 EP 2827 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001190 ER PT S AU Maramraju, SH Junnarkar, S Ravindranath, B Southekal, S Stoll, S Smith, SD Lenz, W Pratte, JF Purschke, M Rescia, S Krishnamoorthy, S Vaska, P Woody, C Schlyer, D AF Maramraju, S. H. Junnarkar, S. Ravindranath, B. Southekal, S. Stoll, S. Smith, S. D. Lenz, W. Pratte, J. -F. Purschke, M. Rescia, S. Krishnamoorthy, S. Vaska, P. Woody, C. Schlyer, D. GP IEEE TI An MR compatible PET scanner based on RatCAP for small animal imaging at 9.4 T SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID BRAIN AB Combining PET and MRI technology in order to obtain simultaneous functional information with anatomical ? recision in vivo is of tremendous interest in the field of molecular imaging. PET/MRI imaging provides perfect anatomical and temporal coregistration of PET and MR images, along with clear delineation of tissue boundaries. An MR compatible PET scanner based on Rat Conscious Animal PET (RatCAP) is developed for simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images of the rat brain in a 9.4 T microMRI scanner. The PET tomograph is housed in a segmented G10/copper case constructed with a copper coating thickness of 5 microns, to minimize the eddy currents and provide better RF shielding. Special RF coils were designed to fit inside the PET tomograph. A custom made G10 tube assembly was constructed for accurate positioning of the rat bed, RF coil and RatCAP. Simultaneous PET/MRI images of a rat striatum phantom were acquired in the 9.4 T microMRI with minimal interference between PET electronics and MRI. PET compatible RF quadrature coils are being constructed which are capable of providing rat brain images with improved SNR. The preliminary results show the feasibility of performing PET/fMRI studies of rat brain and exploring the possibility of acquiring simultaneous PET/MRI whole body mouse images in the 9.4 T. C1 [Maramraju, S. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Maramraju, S. H.; Ravindranath, B.; Southekal, S.; Krishnamoorthy, S.] State Univ New York, Biomed Engn Dept, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Maramraju, SH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM schlyer@bnl.gov FU Brookhaven National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy as collaboration between BNL and the State University of New York at Stony Brook [DE-AC02-98CHI0886] FX This research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CHI0886 with the U.S. Department of Energy as collaboration between BNL and the State University of New York at Stony Brook NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2954 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001216 ER PT S AU Huang, Q Boutchko, R Hasegawa, BH Budinger, TF Gullberg, GT AF Huang, Qiu Boutchko, Rostyslav Hasegawa, Bruce H. Budinger, Thomas F. Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI Computer Evaluation of a Novel Multipinhole SPECT System for Cardiac Imaging SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Cardiac Imaging; SPECT; multipinhole tomography ID RESOLUTION AB Multipinhole collimation for clinical myocardial perfusion imaging dates back to the 1970's and 1980's. However, the acceptance and use of pinhole collimator technique for application in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was impeded by wide-spread availability of use for rotational dual-head cameras for general purpose imaging. Today virtually all SPECT imaging is performed with a parallel-hole collimator. In the past few years, experimental small animal SPECT systems have seen progress with pinhole collimation. There has also been an interest in designing dedicated cardiac SPECT systems for improved sensitivity to reduce imaging time. This has renewed clinical interest in multipinhole radionuclide cardiac imaging. It is known that pinhole collimation surpasses parallel-hole collimation in both sensitivity and resolution for small objects located close to the pinhole aperture. However, the short object-to-detector distance limits the size of the field of view (FOV) for the pinhole collimator, which causes part of the emission rays to miss the detector. The lost data are said to be truncated from the projection measurements. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of truncation and limited angular sampling on image quality for a novel cardiac imaging system with stationary multipinhole collimation. Computer simulations show that the system produces high quality images of the myocardium comparable to that of a rotating multipinhole detector system. Improved quantitation for truncation of the interior problem is accomplished by calibrating the system matrix using a uniform phantom in the FOV of known activity. C1 [Huang, Qiu; Boutchko, Rostyslav; Budinger, Thomas F.; Gullberg, Grant T.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hasegawa, Bruce H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM QHuang@lbl.gov; RBuchko@lbl.gov; TFBudinger@lbl.gov; Gullberg@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [ROI EBOO121, R21 HL083073]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC03-76SFOOO98] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under Grant ROI EBOO121, and Grant R21 HL083073, and in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DEAC03-76SFOOO98. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3300 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001292 ER PT S AU Sauve, AC Reutter, BW Boutchko, R Choong, WS Huesman, RH Gullberg, GT AF Sauve, Anne C. Reutter, Bryan W. Boutchko, Rostyslav Choong, Woon-Seng Huesman, Ronald H. Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI Multi-Slice SPECT Attenuation and Scatter Correction Using Monte Carlo Simulated System Matrices SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Specifying the system matrix is one of the most important processes in computed tomography. For SPECT, the imaging physics can be very difficult to model and approximations are made which result in mismatch between the model and the data. In a move toward better modeling the physics, we developed a Monte Carlo method for specifying the system matrix for small animal imaging (but is also applicable for human imaging). A study was performed using the computer-generated MOBY rat phantom. This phantom returns a high resolution (0.90 mm) transmission map, which was used in Monte Carlo simulations to estimate attenuation and scatter. System matrices were estimated for the reconstruction of 6 heart slices from projections of 6 detector rows. SimSET was used to model 3 system matrices for each of the following: no attenuation and no scatter, attenuation only, and attenuation and scatter, For each slice, the system matrices had 4096=64x64 columns each representing a sinogram from a different source voxel in the slice. SimSET simulated 10(6) counts for each source voxel. Each simulated 140 keV photon was forced to be detected on one of the 180 parallel projections evenly spaced over 360 degrees. The system matrices also modeled spillover to account for the scatter from outside the 6 heart slices. For the reconstruction, projections were simulated using SimSET (10(12) total counts) to estimate the projection of the 6 slices including scatter from outside the 6 slices. These projections were reconstructed using the estimated system matrices and using 50 iterations of the ML-EM algorithm. There was a 20% increase of average intensity over the heart region with attenuation correction compared to without attenuation correction and a 3.5% decrease from the attenuation corrected result after scatter + attenuation correction. Attenuation correction reconstruction alone, overestimated the original by 3.3%. The results suggest that for quantitative small animal imaging it is important to correct for both attenuation and scatter when using radiolabeled tracers that emit 140 keV photons. This is even more true for radiolabeled tracers that emit 27.5 keV photons as both attenuation and scatter are more important at that lower energy. C1 [Sauve, Anne C.; Reutter, Bryan W.; Boutchko, Rostyslav; Choong, Woon-Seng; Huesman, Ronald H.; Gullberg, Grant T.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sauve, AC (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ACSauve@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3547 EP 3550 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001346 ER PT S AU Southekal, S Vaska, P AF Southekal, Sudeepti Vaska, Paul GP IEEE TI Estimating random coincidences from singles count rates for improved RatCAP image accuracy SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The delayed coincidence window technique has been established as the standard method to estimate random coincidences in PET. It has successfully been incorporated into the RatCAP's singles list mode data processing scheme, and has been demonstrated to be accurate to >99%. However, similar to prompt coincidences, the randoms estimate obtained using this technique is subject to Poisson noise which propagates into the reconstructed image. This limits administered activities at high count rates since the randoms rate is proportional to the square of the count rate. The RatCAP, a 3D small animal tomograph is attached to the head of the rat, making it susceptible to random coincidences both from within and outside the field of view. The randoms fraction in recent 11C-raclopride studies with the current timing window have been observed to be up to 50%, making randoms correction a vital step prior to reconstruction. In this paper, we investigate a method that generates randoms estimates with higher statistical quality using singles count rates. Details of implementation will be discussed, and the improvement in the noise equivalent count rate will be validated. C1 [Southekal, Sudeepti; Vaska, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Southekal, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM southekal@bnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3551 EP 3553 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001347 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Boutchko, R Huesman, RH Hanrahan, M Brennan, KM Sauve, AC Gullberg, GT AF Reutter, Bryan W. Boutchko, Rostyslav Huesman, Ronald H. Hanrahan, M. Brennan, Kathleen M. Sauve, Anne C. Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Pinhole SPECT Imaging and Compartmental Modeling of Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Rat Heart SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS; PROJECTIONS AB The goal of this work is to quantitatively compare fatty acid metabolism in the hearts of normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a function of age, and thereby track physiological changes associated with the onset and progression of heart failure in the SHR model. We imposed a more-stringent negativity penalty for fully 4-D multiresolution B-spline SPECT image reconstruction, and applied this method to obtain weighted least-squares estimates of time-activity curves directly from projections for dynamic pinhole SPECT studies of (123)I-labeled BMIPP fatty acid analog in the myocardium of both a normal rat and an SHR. Dynamic projection data were acquired for 60 min in 1-sec time frames with an angular step of 4 degrees per frame on a dual-head GE Millennium VG Hawkeye SPECT/CT scanner equipped with custom pinhole collimators. The time-varying spatial distribution of (123)I-BMIPP was modeled with use of 4-D multiresolution B-splines that were piecewise constant in space and piecewise quadratic in time. The 4-D splines were organized on a 3-D spatial grid that provided sampling of 3.2 mm near the heart and 6.4 mm away from the heart. Temporal sampling intervals were 0-2.4, 2.4-9.4, 9.4-30, and 30-90 sec during the first gantry rotation. The use of nonuniform time sampling with B-splines that varied quadratically in time yielded smooth time-activity curves that captured the relatively fast rise and fall of (123)I-BMIPP in the left ventricular blood pool, as well as the uptake and trapping of the radiotracer in the left ventricular myocardium. Compartmental modeling was then applied to the time-activity curves. This fielded quantitative metabolic rate estimates (K(i)) of 0.60 min(-1) and 0.22 min(-1) in the normal and SHR hearts, respectively. The slower rate of fatty acid metabolism in the SHR is what one expects as the SHR heart switches to a reliance on glycolysis as the primary pathway for energy production during the development of heart failure. This fully 4-D image reconstruction method can also be applied to dynamic PET. C1 [Reutter, Bryan W.; Boutchko, Rostyslav; Huesman, Ronald H.; Hanrahan, M.; Brennan, Kathleen M.; Sauve, Anne C.; Gullberg, Grant T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Imaging Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Imaging Technol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bwreutter@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3752 EP 3755 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656001390 ER PT S AU Abella, M Reutter, BW Vaquero, JJ Desco, M Gullberg, GT AF Abella, Monica Reutter, Bryan W. Jose Vaquero, Juan Desco, Manuel Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI Fully 4D reconstruction of dynamic SPECT images based on the estimation of spatiotemporal basis coefficients directly from projection measurements SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Quantitative kinetic analysis of dynamic cardiac SPECT data provides unique information that can enable improved discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue, compared to static imaging. Conventional kinetic parameter estimation is based on the reconstruction of a dynamic sequence of 3D images from complete projections and the fitting of the compartmental kinetic models to time-activity curves generated by overlaying regions of interest on the reconstructed sequence. The problem with this approach is that, due to the gantry motion involved and the changes in the distribution of radiopharmaceutical during the acquisition, the projection data at different angles come from different tracer distributions resulting in inconsistent projections. Images reconstructed from these inconsistent projections can contain artifacts that lead to bias in the estimated kinetic parameters. In this work we present a fully 4D reconstruction algorithm for dynamic SPECT in a parallel ray geometry. The method is based on modeling the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiotracer inside the field of view with spatial tri-linear B-spline and 4 piecewise quadratic temporal B-spline basis functions The algorithm was tested on a dynamic Tc-99m-teboroxime cardiac SPECT/CT canine study. C1 [Abella, Monica; Jose Vaquero, Juan; Desco, Manuel] Univ Gregorio Maranon, Gen Hosp, Unidad Med & Cirugia Expt, Madrid, Spain. [Reutter, Bryan W.; Gullberg, Grant T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Med Imaging Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Abella, M (reprint author), Univ Gregorio Maranon, Gen Hosp, Unidad Med & Cirugia Expt, Madrid, Spain. EM mabella@hggm.es; bwreutter@lbl.gov RI Vaquero, Juan Jose/D-3033-2009; Desco, Manuel/D-2822-2009 OI Vaquero, Juan Jose/0000-0001-9200-361X; Desco, Manuel/0000-0003-0989-3231 FU CD-TEAM; CENIT; Spanish Ministerio de Industria; Ministerio de Educaci6n y Ciencia [TEC2007- 64731, TEC2008-06715-C02-01]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [ROIEBOO121, ROIHL71253]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SFOOO98] FX Manuscript received November 17, 2008.This work is partially funded by the CD-TEAM Project, CENIT Program, Spanish Ministerio de Industria, with grants from the Ministerio de Educaci6n y Ciencia, projects TEC2007- 64731 and TEC2008-06715-C02-01, and grants ROIEBOO121 and ROIHL71253 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SFOOO98 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3877 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002023 ER PT S AU Ravindranath, B Maramraju, SH Junnarkar, SS Southekal, SS Stoll, SP Pratte, JF Purschke, ML Hong, X Bennett, D Cheng, K Tomasi, D Smith, DS Krishnamoorthy, S Vaska, P Woody, CL Schlyer, DJ AF Ravindranath, B. Maramraju, S. H. Junnarkar, S. S. Southekal, S. S. Stoll, S. P. Pratte, J. -F. Purschke, M. L. Hong, X. Bennett, D. Cheng, K. Tomasi, D. Smith, D. S. Krishnamoorthy, S. Vaska, P. Woody, C. L. Schlyer, D. J. GP IEEE TI A Simultaneous PET/MRI Breast Scanner based on the RatCAP SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We propose to develop a high resolution Scanner for simultaneous PET and MRI breast imaging that is capable of providing highly sensitive and specific breast cancer examinations. The addition of high resolution positron emission tomography capability to an existing dedicated MRI system will give a device in which each of the modalities contributes its strengths to compensate for the weaknesses of the other. In this combined modality scanner, we have the anatomical information from the MRI to compensate for the somewhat poorer resolution in PET, and we have the predictive power of PET in identifying the type of lesion to overcome the high false positive rate of MRI. This device is based on the technical approach used in the RatCAP scanner with the innovation of detecting coincident events in separate rings of the RatCAP scanner. We are presenting the design and GATE simulations of the full breast imaging system and preliminary PET and MRI results from the prototype system. C1 [Ravindranath, B.; Maramraju, S. H.; Southekal, S. S.; Krishnamoorthy, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Junnarkar, S. S.; Stoll, S. P.; Pratte, J. -F.; Purschke, M. L.; Tomasi, D.; Smith, D. S.; Vaska, P.; Woody, C. L.; Schlyer, D. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Hong, X.; Bennett, D.; Cheng, K.] Aurora Imaging Technol Inc, N Andover, MA USA. RP Ravindranath, B (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM schlyer@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energyas collaboration FX Manuscript received Nov 14, 2008.This research was carried out at Brook haven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energyas collaboration between BNL and the State UnIversity of New York at Stony Brook. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3923 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002032 ER PT S AU Goddard, JS Baba, JS Lee, SJ Weisenberger, AG Stolin, A McKisson, J Smith, MF AF Goddard, J. S. Baba, J. S. Lee, S. J. Weisenberger, A. G. Stolin, A. McKisson, J. Smith, M. F. GP IEEE TI Real-time Awake Animal Motion Tracking System for SPECT Imaging SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Enhancements have been made in the development of a real-time optical pose measurement and tracking system that provides 3D position and orientation data for a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging system for awake, unanesthetized, unrestrained small animals. Three optical cameras with infrared (IR) illumination view the head movements of an animal enclosed in a transparent burrow. Markers placed on the head provide landmark points for image segmentation. Strobed IR LED's are synchronized to the cameras and illuminate the markers to prevent motion blur for each set of images. The system using the three cameras automatically segments the markers, detects missing data, rejects false reflections, performs trinocular marker correspondence, and calculates the 3D pose of the animal's head. Improvements have been made in methods for segmentation, tracking, and 3D calculation to give higher speed and more accurate measurements during a scan. The optical hardware has been installed within a Siemens MicroCAT II small animal scanner at Johns Hopkins without requiring functional changes to the scanner operation. The system has undergone testing using both phantoms and live mice and has been characterized in terms of speed, accuracy, robustness, and reliability. Experimental data showing these motion tracking results are given. C1 [Goddard, J. S.; Baba, J. S.; Lee, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Weisenberger, A. G.; Stolin, A.; McKisson, J.] JeffersoN Lab, Newport News, VA 757 USA. [Smith, M. F.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Goddard, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goddardjsjr@ornl.gov; msmith7@umm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [U24 CA92871]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE Office of Nuclear Physics FX Support for this research came from the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics, and National Institutes of Health grant U24 CA92871. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3980 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002045 ER PT S AU Chen, M Osborne, D Gleason, S AF Chen, Mu Osborne, Dustin Gleason, Shaun GP IEEE TI Automated CT-based Attenuation Correction for Preclinical Multimodality PET/CT SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The Siemens Inveon Multimodality (MM) scanner is a new, highly versatile multi-modality small animal imaging platform. This platform supports combination of x-ray micro-CT, SPECT and PET modalities on a single gantry. The goal of this study is to create an automated workflow so user is able to do a PET acquisition and a CT acquisition and obtain fin attenuation-corrected PET image with a co-registered CT image for anatomical reference. Method of converting CT data to linear attenuation coefficient data for use in attenuation correction in PET imaging is described. C1 [Chen, Mu; Osborne, Dustin] Siemens Mol Imaging, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Gleason, Shaun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), Siemens Mol Imaging, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM mu.chen@siemens.com; dustin.osborne@siemens.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4043 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002057 ER PT S AU Stolin, A Freeman, C Kross, B McKisson, J Proffitt, J Majewski, S Falen, S Welch, B AF Stolin, Alexander Freeman, Clarissa Kross, Brian McKisson, John Proffitt, James Majewski, Stan Falen, Steven Welch, Benjamin GP IEEE TI Dual modality planar PET/optical scanner for imaging of surgical margins in extracted tissue samples SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB We have developed a novel approach that allows for fast estimation of margins of extracted lesions. Dual modality planar optical/PET scanner consists of a pair of detector heads, suitable for imaging positron-emitting radioisotopes, a mechanical fixture to maintain constant separation between the two cameras, an optical camera that provides an anatomical map, a sliding table with an attached sample holder and a common mobile gantry that supports all of the system components. The two identical detector heads are based on a 4x4 array of Hamamatsu R5900-C-8 position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs) with 4 strip anodes in each orthogonal dimension. Each tube has an active region of similar to 1 inch square. The PSPMT array is coupled to a matrix of LGSO scintillating crystals; with each crystal measuring 3x3x10 mm. The active area of the PET subsystem is 10 cm square. Anode readout strips are interconnected to provide 8 read-out lines for each dimension of the detector head. Detector heads are read out by a custom-built 16-channel FPGA-based ADC. Online laminography reconstruction is performed over five parallel planes, separated by a selectable distance, and images from each plane can be directly exported into an ImageJ software package for overlay and further analysis. System calibration process is described. Results of imaging of several tissue simulating materials are presented. The ability of the proposed dual-modality scanner to detect lesions in warm background has been demonstrated. Although the proposed system will not eliminate the need for pathology analysis, it will help to reduce time in surgery by unveiling insufficient margins in the sample tissue. The system will be soon demonstrated and tested in a realistic clinical environment. C1 [Stolin, Alexander; Freeman, Clarissa; Kross, Brian; McKisson, John; Proffitt, James; Majewski, Stan] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Radiat Detector & Med Imaging Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Falen, Steven] Northern California PET Imaging Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. [Welch, Benjamin] Dilon Technol, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Stolin, A (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Radiat Detector & Med Imaging Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM stolin@jlab.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4118 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002074 ER PT S AU Wietholt, C Li, J Aydogan, B Archer, SL Rajh, T Redmond, P Chen, CT AF Wietholt, Christian Li, Ji Aydogan, Bulent Archer, Stephen L. Rajh, Tijana Redmond, Peter Chen, Chin-Tu GP IEEE TI Comparison of CT contrast blood pool agents for in-vivo 3D Angiography using MicroCT SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID MICE; TOMOGRAPHY AB MicroCT small animal 3D angiography has various applications such as tumor growth evaluation or quantification of the pulmonary arterial tree morphometry. Due to longer acquisition times using preclinical systems, classical contrast agents are of little use in-vivo. Novel contrast agents such as gold nanoparticles and iodinated liposomes offer a possible solution to this difficulty by preventing rapid renal excretion. To evaluate different contrast agents, we filled pieces of polymer tubing (20 AWG) with solutions of 10 mg Au/ml and 30 mg Au/ml home-made gold nanoparticles, commercial gold nanoparticle (120 mg Au/ml), commercial iodinated liposomes, 30% barium sulfate solution, 6% iodine contrast solution and 100% saline (PBS), respectively. Each piece of tubing was imaged in our microCT together with the PBS filled tubing using identical imaging settings. Upon quantification and comparison of the phantom data, we imaged mice after injection of contrast agent. We also acquired data from excised lungs filled with contrast agent and gelatin solution. The barium sulfate solution had the highest measured radiodensity, which was 8 times higher than PBS. The solution with only 6% of iodine contrast gave us an increased radiodensity of 1.5x. Among the in-vivo compounds, the liposomal contrast agent had the highest radiodensity with 5 times than PBS, where the gold nanoparticles (10 mg/ml) were almost indistinguishable from PBS, but the higher concentrations show improvements in contrast. Our comparison shows that the traditional contrast agents have a higher radiodensity than novel compounds currently under development. Angiography using barium sulfate is a terminal experiment where the iodine contrast agent is cleared too quickly by the kidneys to be useful in-vivo. The small contrast improvement of the gold nanoparticles indicate that further development is still necessary for the particles to by useful in 3D angiography. In contrast, liposomal contrast agents appear to have reached a state where they can successfully highlight vessels in-vivo. C1 [Wietholt, Christian; Archer, Stephen L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med Cardiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wietholt, Christian; Chen, Chin-Tu] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Li, Ji; Aydogan, Bulent] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol & Cellular Oncol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Redmond, Peter] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wietholt, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med Cardiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Wietholt, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM cwietholt@uchicago.edu; jli3@uchicago.edu; baydogan@radonc.uchicago.edu; sarcher@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu; rajh@anl.gov; plredmond@uchicago.edu; cchen3@uchicago.edu FU University of Chicago FX This work was supported in part by funding from The University of Chicago NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4121 EP + PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002075 ER PT S AU Kapadia, AJ Gallmeier, FX Iverson, EB Ferguson, PD AF Kapadia, Anuj J. Gallmeier, Franz X. Iverson, Erik B. Ferguson, Phillip D. GP IEEE TI Detection of Iron Overload with the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source: an MCNPX Simulation Study SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; LIVER AB In previous work we have demonstrated the use of neutrons to detect iron overload in the liver. We are developing a non-invasive technique to measure liver iron concentration in the human body through neutron inelastic scatter spectroscopy. The measurement is performed using an incident neutron beam that scatters inelastically with iron nuclei in the liver, causing characteristic gamma emission that is used to quantify the tissue iron content. Due to its high neutron flux, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL presents an attractive option for initial development and optimization of the technique. In this manuscript we describe a simulation study to evaluate feasibility of the SINS beam for iron overload detection in the liver. An MCNPX simulation was developed to model the parameters of the SNS beam and scan a liver phantom with tissue iron content varying from 2 mg/g (mild iron overloaded) to 10 mg/g (severe iron overload). A torso phantom filled with water was placed around the liver and used to simulate scattering effects of the human torso. The emitted gamma spectrum was acquired with a simulated ring detector. Background subtraction was performed by substituting the liver with a water phantom. Background corrected spectra were analyzed to identify gamma lines corresponding to iron in the liver tissue. Statistically significant differences with p < 0.05 were identified for the 56Fe gamma line at 847 keV. Counts in the gamma line were found to be higher in the 10 mg/g sample by a factor of 4.72, differing by less than 6% from the expected value of 5. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the SNS beam to determine iron content in liver tissue. C1 [Kapadia, Anuj J.] Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gallmeier, Franz X.; Iverson, Erik B.; Ferguson, Phillip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Source Dev Grp, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kapadia, AJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM anuj.kapadia@duke.edu; gallmierfz@ornl.gov; iversoneb@ornl.gov; fergusonpd@ornl.gov RI Kapadia, Anuj/C-6538-2016 OI Kapadia, Anuj/0000-0003-2755-4495 FU Department of Defense (Breast Cancer Research Program) [W81 XWH-06-1-0484]; Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging at Duke University FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense (Breast Cancer Research Program) under award number W81 XWH-06-1-0484 and with funds from the Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging at Duke University. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4238 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002099 ER PT S AU Blackston, MA Habte, F Hausladen, PA AF Blackston, Matthew A. Habte, Frezghi Hausladen, Paul A. GP IEEE TI A Comparison of GEANT4 and DETECT2000 for the Simulation of Light Transport in Scintillation Detectors SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID PET DETECTORS AB Monte Carlo simulation techniques are powerful tools for investigating the performance of imaging detectors. DETECT2000, a Monte-Carlo package for light transport simulation, has been commonly used to model the optical properties of scintillation detectors and is able to realistically estimate the response of photodetectors. However, DETECT2000 generally runs slowly when complex detector geometries are specified and the lack of visualization tools makes it difficult to accurately define complex geometries. GEANT4 is a simulation toolkit that can also realistically model optical photon transport for scintillation detectors. This paper describes a case study in which GEANT4 was found to be significantly faster both in computing time and, aided by visualization tools, in the user time required to develop the geometry of a scintillation detector. In addition, because the detector geometry can be easily parameterized using GEANT4, it was possible to perform automated searches of large amounts of the solution space for an optimal design. In this work, we compared the results from simulations of a custom-designed scintillation detector obtained using both packages. Both yielded similar flood images and were able to resolve the same number of pixel elements from a segmented light guide with slight differences in the peak-to-valley ratios. A simulation-speed comparison on a common computer using a simplified geometry showed that GEANT4 is about 40% faster than DETECT2000. In this paper we compare simulation results for the initial design with experimental data and describe subsequent simulations that were used to arrive at the optimal design. C1 [Blackston, Matthew A.; Habte, Frezghi; Hausladen, Paul A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blackston, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM blackstonma@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4261 EP 4264 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002104 ER PT S AU Huang, Q Xu, JY Tsui, BMW Gullberg, GT AF Huang, Qiu Xu, Jingyan Tsui, Benjamin M. W. Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI Reconstructing Uniformly Attenuated Rotating Slant-Hole SPECT Projection Data Using the DBH Method SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE rotating slant-hole SPECT; attenuation correction; truncation AB This work applies a previously developed analytical algorithm to the reconstruction in a rotating multi-segment slant-hole (RMSSH) SPECT system. The RMSSH SPECT data of a digital NCAT phantom with breast attachment are modeled as the uniformly attenuated Radon transform of the activity distribution. These data are reconstructed using an analytical algorithm called the DBH method, which is an acronym for the procedure of differentiation and backprojection followed by a finite weighted Hilbert transform. The projection data are first differentiated along a specific direction and then backprojected to the image space. The result from the first step is equal to a one-dimensional finite weighted Hilbert transform of the object; this transform is then numerically inverted to obtain the reconstructed image. With the limited common volume-of-view (CVOV) of the RMSSH collimator, the detector captures gamma photon emissions from the breast and from parts of the torso. A conventional filtered backprojection algorithm only reconstructs the high frequency components of the activity function. The DBH method is capable of exactly reconstructing the activity within a well defined region-of-interest (ROI) within the breast. Quantitative accuracy is shown in this ROI from the simulation results. C1 [Huang, Qiu; Gullberg, Grant T.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Jingyan; Tsui, Benjamin M. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Div Med Imaging Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qhuang@lbl.gov; jxu18@jhmi.edu; btsui1@jhmi.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 EBO1983, R21 EBOO121]; US Department of Energy [DEAC03-76SFOO098] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under Grant RO1 EBO1983, and Grant R21 EBOO121, and in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DEAC03-76SFOO098. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4711 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002195 ER PT S AU Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Majewski, S McKisson, J Popov, V Proffitt, J Stolin, A Baba, JS Goddard, JS Lee, SJ Smith, MF Tsui, B Pomper, M AF Weisenberger, A. G. Kross, B. Majewski, S. McKisson, J. Popov, V. Proffitt, J. Stolin, A. Baba, J. S. Goddard, J. S. Lee, S. J. Smith, M. F. Tsui, B. Pomper, M. GP IEEE TI Awake Animal SPECT: Overview and Initial Results SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB A SPECT / X-ray CT system configured at Johns Hopkins University to image the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals in unrestrained, un-anesthetized mice has been constructed and tested on awake mice. The system was built by Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. SPECT imaging is accomplished using two gamma cameras, 10 cm x 20 cm in size based on a 2 x 4 array of Hamamatsu H8500 flat panel position sensitive photomultiplier tubes. A real-time optical tracking system utilizing three infrared cameras provides time stamped pose data of an awake mouse head during a SPECT scan. The six degrees of freedom (three translational and three rotational) pose data are used for motion correction during 3-D tomographic list-mode iterative image reconstruction. SPECT reconstruction of awake, unrestrained mice with motion compensation for head movement has been accomplished. C1 [Weisenberger, A. G.; Kross, B.; Majewski, S.; McKisson, J.; Popov, V.; Proffitt, J.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. [Baba, J. S.; Goddard, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Smith, M. F.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Tsui, B.; Pomper, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. EM drew@jlab.org; babajs@oml.gov; msmith7@umm.edu; mpomper@jhmi.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE Office of Nuclear Physics and National Institutes of Health [U24 CA92871] FX Manuscript received October 17, 2008. The Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. Support for this research came from, the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics and National Institutes of Health grant U24 CA92871. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4861 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002224 ER PT S AU Awadalla, SA Chen, H Mackenzie, J Lu, P Iniewski, K Marthandam, P Redden, R Bindley, G He, Z Zhang, F Groza, M Burger, A Mayo, DR Sullivan, CL AF Awadalla, S. A. Chen, H. Mackenzie, J. Lu, P. Iniewski, K. Marthandam, P. Redden, R. Bindley, G. He, Z. Zhang, F. Groza, M. Burger, A. Mayo, D. R. Sullivan, C. L. GP IEEE TI Thickness Scalability of Large Volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride High Resolution Radiation Detectors SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS; MATERIAL UNIFORMITY; PRESSURE-BRIDGMAN; COPLANAR ELECTRODES; CDZNTE DETECTORS; GROWN CDZNTE; CRYSTALS; PERFORMANCE; SURFACES; CONTACTS AB In an effort to optimize the spectroscopic performance of large volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) radiation detectors grown by the Traveling Heater Method (THM), especially for higher energy gamma detection applications, bulk material and pixellated detector performance of THM CZT crystals at 15mm-thick and 10mm-thick were compared to that at 5mm-thick. We demonstrate that the outstanding performance of monolithic pixellated THM CZT detectors was thickness-scalable. For the same monolithic 20x20 mm(2) "Compton Camera" pixellated detector configuration, detector performance can certainly be significantly improved as the thickness of the detector increases from 5mm to 10mm and thicker as demonstrated via both Co-57 122 keV and Cs-137 662 keV spectral responses. Depth of interaction information obtained from 3D depth sensing measurement system, IR microscopy and x-ray topography were used to study the correlation between structural quality and detector performance. Additional material characterizations and detector performances of various sizes and configurations were also presented and discussed. C1 [Awadalla, S. A.; Chen, H.; Mackenzie, J.; Lu, P.; Iniewski, K.; Marthandam, P.; Redden, R.; Bindley, G.] Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. [He, Z.; Zhang, F.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Groza, M.; Burger, A.] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Mayo, D. R.; Sullivan, C. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Awadalla, SA (reprint author), Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. EM salah.awadalla@redlen.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4870 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002226 ER PT S AU Fochuk, P Nykonyuk, Y Verzhak, Y Kopach, O Panchuk, O Bolotnikov, A James, RB AF Fochuk, P. Nykonyuk, Ye. Verzhak, Ye. Kopach, O. Panchuk, O. Bolotnikov, A. James, R. B. GP IEEE TI Dopant Content and Thermal Treatment of CdZnTe < In >: Effects on Point-defect Structures SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CDTE; DETECTOR; CRYSTALS AB We measured, in the 873-1173 K temperature range, the temperature- and Cd vapor-pressure-dependences of the free electron density in single Cd1-xZnxTe < In > (0 <= x <= 0.1) crystals with different In contents. Increasing the cooling rate of the crystals and/or decreasing the well-defined Cd vapor pressure reduced the free-electron density. We interpreted and modelled these phenomena and the crystal's high-temperature electrical properties within the framework of Kroger's point-defect theory. Our experiments demonstrated the possibility of controlling the free-electron density in Cd1-xZnxTe < In > crystals by changing the cooling rate. We supplemented a point-defect structural study of these crystals by low-temperature (80-420 K) electrical measurements. These findings allowed us to identify the nature of the point defects responsible for free-carrier scattering, which is an important parameter influencing the mu tau-product value in detector-grade material. C1 [Fochuk, P.; Verzhak, Ye.; Kopach, O.; Panchuk, O.] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, A.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fochuk, P (reprint author), Chernivtsi Natl Univ, Chernovtsy, Ukraine. EM p.fochuk@chnu.edu.ua; semirivne@mail.ru; bolotnik@bnl.gov RI Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4879 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002228 ER PT S AU Krawczynski, H Garson, A Li, Q Beilicke, M Dowkontt, P Wulf, E Kurfess, J Novikova, E De Geronimo, G Baring, MG Harding, AK Grindlay, J Hong, JS AF Krawczynski, H. Garson, A., III Li, Q. Beilicke, M. Dowkontt, P. Wulf, E. Kurfess, J. Novikova, E. De Geronimo, G. Baring, M. G. Harding, A. K. Grindlay, J. Hong, J. S. GP IEEE TI HX-POL - A Balloon-Bome Hard X-Ray Polarimeter SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CMOS; PULSARS; POLARIZATION; AMPLIFIERS; PROSPECTS AB We report on the conceptual design and estimated performance of a balloon-borne hard X-ray polarimeter called HX-POL. The experiment uses a combination of Si and Cadmium Zinc Telluride detectors to measure the polarization of 50 keV-500 keV X-rays from cosmic sources through the dependence of the angular distribution of Compton scattered photons on the polarization direction. On a one-day balloon flight, HX-POL would allow us to measure the polarization of strong Crab-like sources for polarization degrees down to 5%. On a longer (15-30 day) flight from Australia or Antarctica, HX-POL would be be able to measure the polarization of strong sources down to polarization degrees of 1%. Hard X-ray polarization measurements provide unique venues for the study of particle acceleration processes by compact objects. In this contribution, we discuss the overall instrument design and performance. Furthermore, we present results from laboratory tests of the Si and CZT detectors. C1 [Krawczynski, H.; Garson, A., III; Li, Q.; Beilicke, M.; Dowkontt, P.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wulf, E.; Novikova, E.] Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [De Geronimo, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77001 USA. [Harding, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Grindlay, J.; Hong, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Krawczynski, H (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM krawcz@wuphys.wustl.edu RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 FU NASA [NNX07AH37G] FX Manuscript received November 15, 2008; revised July 29, 2009. Current version published December 09, 2009. The work of the Washington University group was supported by NASA under Grant NNX07AH37G. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 4918 EP + PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002235 ER PT S AU Kochanowska, D Mycielski, A Witkowska-Baran, A Szadkowski, A Witowska, B Kaliszek, W Cui, Y James, RB AF Kochanowska, D. Mycielski, A. Witkowska-Baran, A. Szadkowski, A. Witowska, B. Kaliszek, W. Cui, Y. James, R. B. GP IEEE TI Influence of annealing on tellurium precipitates in (Cd,Mn)Te:V crystals SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CDTE; POLARITY AB The authors believe that (Cd,Mn)Te can be used as a material for gamma- and X-ray detectors [1]. The investigations are concentrated on producing, by Bridgman method, of high quality (Cd,Mn)Te crystals with high resistivity (10(9) Omega cm). The IR pictures of the interior of the monocrystalline (Cd,Mn)Te :V platelets cut parallel to the (111) crystal planes and annealed in various conditions are discussed. As grown, undoped (Cd,Mn)Te crystals are of p-type, which is related mainly to the Cd vacancies (acting as acceptors), present in the crystal after the process of growth. Doping with vanadium atoms, which acts as compensating centres, results in a semi-insulating material (Cd,Mn)Te:V. Proper annealing of the platelets in cadmium vapours at uniform temperature allows reducing of the number of cadmium vacancies and reducing the level of the vanadium doping, required for compensation. It turned out that annealing in cadmium vapours not only decreases the concentration of the native cadmium vacancies but also improves the quality of the crystal. Infra red observations of the interior of the samples show that annealing in the temperature gradient perpendicular to the platelet causes an additional effect migration of the tellurium precipitates toward the side which is at higher temperature. The influence of various conditions of annealing in cadmium vapours on tellurium inclusions and precipitates is shown. C1 [Kochanowska, D.; Mycielski, A.; Witkowska-Baran, A.; Szadkowski, A.; Witowska, B.; Kaliszek, W.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Cui, Y.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kochanowska, D (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. EM dmkoch@ifpan.edu.pl RI Kochanowska, Dominika/P-8978-2016 FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [3 T08A 04630] FX The work was partially funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through grant 3 T08A 04630. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5009 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002253 ER PT S AU Fochuk, P Nykonyuk, Y Verzhak, Y Kopach, O Panchuk, O Bolotnikov, A James, RB AF Fochuk, P. Nykonyuk, Ye. Verzhak, Ye. Kopach, O. Panchuk, O. Bolotnikov, A. James, R. B. GP IEEE TI Dopant Content and Thermal Treatment of CdZnTe < In >: Effects on Point-defect Structures SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE CdTe; Hall effect; point defects; cooling rate ID CDTE; DETECTOR; CRYSTALS AB We measured, in the 873-1173 K temperature range, the temperature- and Cd vapor-pressure-dependences of the free electron density in single Cd1-xZnxTe < In > (0 <= x <= 0.1) crystals with different In contents. Increasing the cooling rate of the crystals and/or decreasing the well-defined Cd vapor pressure reduced the free-electron density. We interpreted and modelled these phenomena and the crystal's high-temperature electrical properties within the framework of Kroger's point-defect theory. Our experiments demonstrated the possibility of controlling the free-electron density in Cd1-xZnxTe < In > crystals by changing the cooling rate. We supplemented a point-defect structural study of these crystals by low-temperature (80-420 K) electrical measurements. These findings allowed us to identify the nature of the point defects responsible for free-carrier scattering, which is an important parameter influencing the mu tau-product value in detector-grade material. C1 [Fochuk, P.; Verzhak, Ye.; Kopach, O.; Panchuk, O.] Chemivtsi Natl Univ, Chemivtsi UA-58012, Ukraine. [Nykonyuk, Ye.] Natl Univ Water Management & Nature Resources Use, UA-33028 Rivne, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, A.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fochuk, P (reprint author), Chemivtsi Natl Univ, Chemivtsi UA-58012, Ukraine. EM p.fochuk@chnu.edu.ua; semirivne@mail.ru; bolotnik@bnl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5014 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002254 ER PT S AU Gul, R Li, Z Bolotnikov, A Keeter, K Rodriguez, R James, R AF Gul, Rubi Li, Zheng Bolotnikov, Aleksey Keeter, Kara Rodriguez, Rene James, Ralph GP IEEE TI Point Defect Characterization in CdZnTe SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID SILICON DETECTORS AB Measurements of the defect levels and performance testing of CdZnTe detectors were performed by means of Current Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (I-DLTS), Transient Charge Technique (TCT), Current versus Voltage measurements (I-V), and gamma-ray spectroscopy. CdZnTe crystals were acquired from different commercial vendors and characterized for their point defects. I-DLTS studies included measurements of defect parameters such as energy levels in the band gap, carrier capture cross sections, and defect densities. The induced current due to laser-generated carriers was measured using TCT. The data were used to determine the transport properties of the detectors under study. A good correlation was found between the point defects in the detectors and their performance. C1 [Gul, Rubi; Li, Zheng; Bolotnikov, Aleksey; James, Ralph] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Keeter, Kara; Rodriguez, Rene] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [James, Ralph] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gul, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gul@bnl.gov FU U.S. DOE's NA22 Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; OOD Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Manuscript received November 14, 2008. This work was supported in part by the U.S. DOE's NA22 Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, and the OOD Defense Threat Reduction Agency NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5029 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002257 ER PT S AU Witkowska-Baran, M Mycielski, A Kochanowska, D Szadkowski, AJ Jakiela, R Witkowska, B Kaliszek, W Domagala, J Lusakowska, E Domukhovski, V Dybko, K Cui, Y James, R AF Witkowska-Baran, M. Mycielski, A. Kochanowska, D. Szadkowski, A. J. Jakiela, R. Witkowska, B. Kaliszek, W. Domagala, J. Lusakowska, E. Domukhovski, V. Dybko, K. Cui, Y. James, R. GP IEEE TI Technique of making good electrical contacts to high resistivity (Cd,Mn) Te crystals SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS AB The authors believe that semiinsulating (Cd,Mn)Te crystals can successfully replace the commonly used (Cd,Zn)Te crystals as a material for manufacturing large-area X- and Gamma-ray detectors. Good quality, high-resistivity (10(9)divided by 10(10) Omega.cm) crystals of (Cd,Mn)Te:V are grown by the Bridgeman method. Doping (approximate to 10(16) cm(-3)) with vanadium, which acts as a compensating dopant, and special annealing in cadmium vapours, which reduces the number of cadmium vacancies existing in the crystal after the growth, ensure high resistivity of the crystals. As detector applications of the crystals require electrical contacts, the communication is devoted to the technique of making good electrical contacts to semiinsulating (Cd,Mn)Te crystals. Before deposition of the contact layers - an "epi-ready" surface of the crystal platelet is prepared by the procedure, which has been described for various tellurium-based II-VI compound crystals. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) apparatus is used to deposit various types of contact layers: monocrystalline semiconductor layers, amorphous and nanocrystalline semiconductor layers, and metal layers. ZnTe heavily doped (approximate to 10(18) cm(-3)) with Sb and CdTe heavily doped (approximate to 10(17) cm(-3)) with In are used as the heavily doped semiconductors to create contact layers which enable subsequent good contact (narrow, tunnelling barrier) to the An layer (usually applied as the top contact layer). The technology and some properties of the electrical contacts to semiinsulating (Cd,Mn)Te are described and discussed. C1 [Witkowska-Baran, M.; Mycielski, A.; Kochanowska, D.; Szadkowski, A. J.; Jakiela, R.; Witkowska, B.; Kaliszek, W.; Domagala, J.; Lusakowska, E.; Domukhovski, V.; Dybko, K.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Cui, Y.; James, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Witkowska-Baran, M (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. EM mwitkow@ifpan.cdu.pl RI Dybko, Krzysztof/K-9400-2016; Domagala, Jaroslaw/P-1811-2016; Kochanowska, Dominika/P-8978-2016 OI Dybko, Krzysztof/0000-0002-6795-1252; Domagala, Jaroslaw/0000-0001-5515-9877; FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [3T08A04630] FX The work was partially funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through grant 3T08A04630 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5134 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002279 ER PT S AU Ishikawa, S Watanabe, S Aono, H Odaka, H Sugimoto, S Takeda, S Takahashi, T Okuyama, S Nakazawa, K Tanaka, T AF Ishikawa, S. Watanabe, S. Aono, H. Odaka, H. Sugimoto, S. Takeda, S. Takahashi, T. Okuyama, S. Nakazawa, K. Tanaka, T. GP IEEE TI Performance of double-sided CdTe strip detectors for gamma-ray imaging and spectroscopy SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CDZNTE DETECTORS AB We developed double-sided CdTe strip detectors and studied their performances. By readout from both anode and cathode strips, a double-sided CdTe strip detector can achieve large area and high position resolution with a small number of readout channels. Therefore it is very attractive for gamma-ray imaging and spectroscopy. We developed double-sided CdTe strip detectors with Al/CdTe/Pt electrode configulation. The detectors have a size of 1.28 cm x 1.28 cm and a thickness of 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. Both electrodes are divided into orthogonal 32 strips surrounded by guard-ring electrodes. The strip pitch is 400 mu m. We successfully operated the detectors at a temperature or -20 degrees C and a bias voltage of 500 V, and obtained spectra of gamma-ray from radio isotope sources. By using the detector with a thickness of 0.5 mm, energy resolutions of 1.8 keV (FWHM) for 60 keV gamma-ray was obtained from each side. From both signals from anode and cathode for each photons, we successfully reconstructed incident photon energy, and obtained energy resolutions (FWHM) of 1.5 keV for 60 keV. By using the detector with a thickness of 2.0 mm, the energy resolution of 8.0 keV (FWHM) for 662 keV was obtained by anode signals. We successfully estimated incident photon energy from the relation anode and cathode signals, and we achieved the energy resolution of 6.2 keV (FWHM) for 662 keV. C1 [Ishikawa, S.; Watanabe, S.; Aono, H.; Odaka, H.; Sugimoto, S.; Takeda, S.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ishikawa, S.; Watanabe, S.; Aono, H.; Odaka, H.; Sugimoto, S.; Takeda, S.; Takahashi, T.; Okuyama, S.; Nakazawa, K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Tanaka, T.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Ishikawa, S (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa, Japan. EM ishikawa@astro.isas.jaxa.jp NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5247 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002302 ER PT S AU Khusainov, AK Antonova, TA Lysenko, VV Muratov, VG Pirogov, AM Petukhov, JA Solovei, VA Fedorov, EV Arlt, RD Camarda, G James, RB AF Khusainov, A. Kh Antonova, T. A. Lysenko, V. V. Muratov, V. G. Pirogov, A. M. Petukhov, J. A. Solovei, V. A. Fedorov, E. V. Arlt, R. D. Camarda, G. James, R. B. GP IEEE TI High resolution, portable gamma spectrometer not requiring liquid nitrogen cooling for field use for nuclear security and safeguards applications SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CDTE; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB In-situ characterization of samples by experts, using high resolution gamma spectrometers, is required if low resolution NaI detector-based hand-held radionuclide identification devices are unable to provide definite spectral identifications. In some remote locations, the use of liquid N-2 cooled HPGe detectors is not possible. Electrically cooled HPGe detectors are not always a feasible alternative, as they are expensive, bulky and heavy. Therefore we have developed a portable gamma spectrometer with a unique, nearly room temperature semiconductor (CdTe) detector to close this gap. The technology of CdTe crystal growing developed at ACRORAD (Japan) and the technology of p-i-n structures with high breakdown voltage developed at PNPI (Russia) allowed creation of high performance detectors with dimensions of 13.9mm x 13.8mm x 2.23 mm, i.e. with a sensitive volume of more than 400 mm(3). The spectrometer system uses a charge loss correction circuit to improve energy resolution, and detector temperature stabilization by Peltier cooler to ensure consistent operation of the detector during Field measurements over a wide range of ambient temperatures. The system can operate continuously for up to 12 hours on rechargeable batteries. C1 [Khusainov, A. Kh; Antonova, T. A.; Lysenko, V. V.; Muratov, V. G.; Pirogov, A. M.; Petukhov, J. A.; Solovei, V. A.; Fedorov, E. V.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Arlt, R. D.] IAEA, Vienna, Austria. [Camarda, G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Khusainov, AK (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. EM khusain@pnpi.spb.ru; tuda@pnpi.spb.ru; rolf.arlt@gmail.com; rjames@bnl.gov FU IAEA [7627/R1/RB]; USA CRDF [9984/RBF]; BNL [78699] FX The work was suppoted in part by IAEA, Contract # 7627/R1/RB, #9984/RBF fnd USA CRDF, BNL Contract # 78699. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5268 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002307 ER PT S AU Li, Q Garson, A Dowkontt, P Martin, J Beilicke, M Jung, I Groza, M Burger, A De Geronimo, G Krawczynski, H AF Li, Qiang Garson, Alfred I. I. I. Dowkontt, Paul Martin, Jerrad Beilicke, Matthias Jung, Ira Groza, Michael Burger, Arnold De Geronimo, G. Krawczynski, Henric GP IEEE TI Fabrication and Test of Pixelated CZT Detectors with Different Pixel Pitches and Thicknesses SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID PERFORMANCE; CRYSTALS AB The main methods grown Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) crystals with high yield and excellent homogeneity are Modified Horizontal Bridgman (MHB) and High Pressure Bridgman (HPB) processes, respectively. In this contribution, the readout system based on two 32-channel NCI-ASICs for pixelated CZT detector arrays has been developed and tested. The CZT detectors supplied by Orbotech (MHB) and eV products (HPB) are tested by NCI-ASIC readout system. The CZT detectors have an array of 8x8 or 11x11 pixel anodes fabricated on the anode surface with the area up to 2 cm x 2 cm and the thickness of CZT detectors ranges from 0.5 cm to 1 cm. Energy spectra resolution and electron mobility-lifetime products of 8x8 pixels CZT detector with different thicknesses have been investigated. C1 [Li, Qiang; Garson, Alfred I. I. I.; Dowkontt, Paul; Martin, Jerrad; Beilicke, Matthias; Krawczynski, Henric] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Brookings Dr,CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Li, Qiang; Garson, Alfred I. I. I.; Dowkontt, Paul; Martin, Jerrad; Beilicke, Matthias; Krawczynski, Henric] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Jung, Ira] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, Erlangen, Germany. [Groza, Michael; Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [De Geronimo, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Brookings Dr,CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM qli@physics.wustl.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5291 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002312 ER PT S AU Flick, T Dopke, J Arguin, JF Gemme, C Lenzen, G Mattig, P Masetti, L Moss, J Sandvoss, S Strandberg, S Zeitnitz, C AF Flick, T. Dopke, J. Arguin, J-F Gemme, C. Lenzen, G. Maettig, P. Masetti, L. Moss, J. Sandvoss, S. Strandberg, S. Zeitnitz, C. GP IEEE TI Experiences with the ATLAS Pixel Detector Optolink and Researches for Future Links SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE ATLAS; Pixel; Optolink AB The optical links for the ATLAS Pixel detector has been passed several steps of development. After the design and production of the components itself, various tests have been performed on individual components on smaller or larger parts of the full system. Finally, the links were commissioned in situ after installation. A lot of experience has been gained and this should be used to step into the research on future optical links for the Pixel detector itself, but also for other detectors. In this paper the procedure of the commissioning work of the ATLAS Pixel optical link and observed issues on the system layout and function are discussed and brought into an outlook for future optical link designs. C1 [Flick, T.; Dopke, J.; Lenzen, G.; Maettig, P.; Sandvoss, S.; Zeitnitz, C.] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gaussstr 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [Masetti, L.] Univ Bonn, Dept Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Gemme, C.] INFN Genova, Dept Phys, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Gemme, C.] Univ Genoa, Dept Phys, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Moss, J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Arguin, J-F; Strandberg, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flick, T (reprint author), Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gaussstr 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5324 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002318 ER PT S AU Ziock, KP Cunningham, M Fabris, L AF Ziock, K. P. Cunningham, M. Fabris, L. GP IEEE TI Two-Sided Coded-Aperture Imaging Without a Detector Plane SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE Coded-aperture imager; gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray imagers; orphan source search; nuclear imaging ID LARGE-AREA; SENSITIVITY; ARRAYS; IMAGER AB We introduce a novel design for a two-sided, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager suitable for use in stand off detection of orphan radioactive sources. The design is an extension of an active-mask imager that would have three active planes of detector material, a central plane acting as the detector for two (active) coded-aperture mask planes, one on either side of the detector plane. In the new design the central plane is removed and the mask on the left (right) serves as the detector plane for the mask on the right (left). This design reduces the size, mass, complexity, and cost of the overall instrument. In addition, if one has fully position-sensitive detectors, then one can use the two planes as a classic Compton camera. This enhances the instrument's sensitivity at higher energies where the coded-aperture efficiency is decreased by mask penetration. A plausible design for the system is found and explored with Monte Carlo simulations. C1 [Ziock, K. P.; Cunningham, M.; Fabris, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ziockk@ornl.gov RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5567 EP 5574 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002367 ER PT S AU Warren, GA Caggiano, JA Bertozzi, W Korbly, SE Ledoux, RJ Park, WH AF Warren, Glen A. Caggiano, Joseph A. Bertozzi, William Korbly, Stephen E. Ledoux, Robert J. Park, William H. GP IEEE TI On the Search for Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Signatures of U-235 and U-238 above 3 MeV SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Nuclear resonance fluorescence is a physical process that provides an isotope-specific signature that could be used for the identification and characterization of materials. The technique involves the detection of prompt discrete-energy photons emitted from a sample that is exposed to photons in the MeV energy range. Potential applications of the technique range from detection of high explosives to characterization of special nuclear materials such as U-235. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Passport Systems have collaborated to conduct a a pair of measurements to search for a nuclear resonance fluorescence response of U-235 above 3 MeV and of U-238 above 5 MeV using an 8 g sample of highly enriched uranium and a 90 g sample of depleted uranium. No new signatures were observed. The minimum detectable integrated cross section for U-235 is presented. C1 [Warren, Glen A.; Caggiano, Joseph A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bertozzi, William; Korbly, Stephen E.; Ledoux, Robert J.; Park, William H.] Passport Syst Inc, Billerica, MA 01862 USA. RP Warren, GA (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.warren@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL01830]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO); U.S. Department of Energy Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation; Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; DNDO [N6600105D6011] FX Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. PNNLs contribution to this project was supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22). The support of Passports Systems, Inc. to this project was provided by DNDO Contract N6600105D6011. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5608 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002373 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE Dioszegi, I Salwen, C Ghosh, V Forman, L AF Vanier, Peter E. Dioszegi, Istvan Salwen, Cynthia Ghosh, Vinita Forman, Leon GP IEEE TI Stand-off Detection of Special Nuclear Materials Using Neutron Imaging Methods SO 2008 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (2008 NSS/MIC), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, ICx Radiat GmbH, ORTEC, Hamamatsu, European Phys Journal, Hilger Crystals, SAFC Hitech, ATOMTEX, Canberra, SensL, ASP, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA, CERN, DESY, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Neutrons can travel considerable distances through the air, and can be used for stand-off detection of special nuclear materials. Plutonium emits neutrons by spontaneous fission, while uranium can be induced to fission by active interrogation with either energetic photons or neutrons. Traditional neutron detectors consisting of 3 He tubes embedded in polyethylene moderator do not record the directions of incident neutrons. Their efficiency is usually less than 10% for fission spectrum neutrons. We have developed two neutron imaging methods, one for fast neutrons and one for thermal neutrons. The fast neutron directional detector is based on double proton recoil in two layers of plastic scintillators consisting of arrays of paddles with photo multipliers at both ends. This arrangement provides relatively smooth spatial uniformity and allows neutrons to be distinguished from background gammas and muons using time of flight. The thermal neutron imager is a coded aperture camera based on a 3 He wire chamber. Neutrons that are thermalized by materials close to the source have a mean free path in air of about 20 meters, and can be imaged at distances up to 60 meters. In this case, no moderation takes place at the detector, and the quantum efficiency of the I He wire chamber is about 60%. Background neutrons generated by cosmic rays arrive from all directions at a low rate, whereas a manmade source is likely to produce a bright spot in an image. Various methods of image enhancement can be applied, such as auto filtering, but the practical limitation stems from the requirement that the real source must stand out against artifacts in the image. C1 [Vanier, Peter E.; Dioszegi, Istvan; Salwen, Cynthia; Ghosh, Vinita] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Forman, Leon] Ion Focus Technol, Consultant Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York 11764, NY USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vanier@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; LLC [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development. This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-2714-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 5614 EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKN17 UT WOS:000268656002374 ER PT S AU Ovechkina, L Riley, K Miller, S Bell, Z Nagarkar, V AF Ovechkina, Lena Riley, Kent Miller, Stuart Bell, Zane Nagarkar, Vivek BE Boulon, G Dujardin, C Jurdyc, AM TI Gadolinium loaded plastic scintillators for high efficiency neutron detection SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE AND OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF CONDENSED MATTER SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Luminescence and Optical Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter (ICL'08) CY JUL 07-11, 2008 CL Univ Lumiere Lyon 2, Lyon, FRANCE SP Lyon 1, CNRS, LPCM, Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard, Ministry of Higher Educ, Region Rhone Alpes, Conseil Gen Rhone, City of Lyon, DGA, Saint-Gobain & Philips HO Univ Lumiere Lyon 2 DE plastic scintillators; neutron detectors; gadolinium AB Gadolinium has the highest thermal neutron absorption cross section of any naturally occurring element, and emits conversion electrons as well as atomic X-rays in over 50% of its neutron captures, which makes it a useful dopant in scintillators for detecting thermal neutrons. Gadolinium isopropoxide was studied as a possible dopant for styrene-based plastic scintillators as a convenient and inexpensive method to produce high-efficiency thermal neutron detectors. Plastic scintillators with gadolinium weight concentrations of up to 3% were transparent, uniform and defect-free and were characterized with spectral measurements performed under x-ray and neutron irradiation. The new material has the same characteristic emission of styrene with a maximum at approximately 425 nm, and a light output of 76% relative to the undoped plastic. A 13 mm thick sample containing 0.5% gadolinium by weight detected 46% of incident thermal neutrons, which makes this an attractive material for a variety of applications. C1 [Ovechkina, Lena; Riley, Kent; Miller, Stuart; Nagarkar, Vivek] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, 44 Hunt St, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. [Bell, Zane] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Riley, K (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, 44 Hunt St, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. EM Kriley@rmdinc.com OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-06ER84403]; National Institute of Health (NIH) [1 R43 RR022463-01A1] FX This work was supported by US Department of Energy (DOE) Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER84403 and the National Institute of Health (NIH) Grant No. 1 R43 RR022463-01A1. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2009.07.008 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQV35 UT WOS:000281959600003 ER PT B AU Rodriguez, P Wohlberg, B AF Rodriguez, Paul Wohlberg, Brendt GP IEEE TI A GENERALIZED VECTOR-VALUED TOTAL VARIATION ALGORITHM SO 2009 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY NOV 07-10, 2009 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP IEEE DE Vector-valued Total Variation; Color image processing ID IMAGES; MINIMIZATION; RESTORATION AB We propose a simple but flexible method for solving the generalized vector-valued TV (VTV) functional, which includes both the l(2)-VTV and l(1)-VTV regularizations as special cases, to address the problems of deconvolution and denoising of vector-valued (e.g. color) images with Gaussian or salt-and-pepper noise. This algorithm is the vectorial extension of the Iteratively Reweighted Norm (IRN) algorithm [1] originally developed for scalar (grayscale) images. This method offers competitive computational performance for denoising and deconvolving vector-valued images Corrupted with Gaussian (l(2)-VTV case) and salt-and-pepper noise (l(1)-VTV case). C1 [Rodriguez, Paul] Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Digital Signal Proc Grp, Lima, Peru. [Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys T5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, P (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Digital Signal Proc Grp, Lima, Peru. RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 FU NNSA's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX This research was supported by the NNSAs Laboratory Directed Re- search and Development Program NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5653-6 PY 2009 BP 1309 EP + DI 10.1109/ICIP.2009.5413587 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQA01 UT WOS:000280464300326 ER PT B AU Meriaudeau, F Paquit, V Walter, N Price, J Tobin, K AF Meriaudeau, F. Paquit, V. Walter, N. Price, J. Tobin, K. GP IEEE TI 3D AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR SUBCUTANEOUS VEINS DETECTION SO 2009 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY NOV 07-10, 2009 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP IEEE DE 3D shape acquisition; multispectral imaging; line detection; medical applications AB The first and perhaps most important phase of a surgical procedure is the insertion of an intravenous (IV) catheter. Currently, this is performed manually by trained personnel. In some visions of future operating rooms, however, this process is to be replaced by an automated system. Experiments to determine the best NIR wavelengths to optimize vein contrast for physiological differences such as skin tone and/or the presence of hair on the arm or wrist surface are presented. For illumination our system is composed of a mercury arc lamp coupled to a 10nm band-pass spectrometer. A structured lighting system is also coupled to our multispectral system in order to provide 3D information of the patient arm orientation. Images of each patient arm are acquired under every possible combination of illuminants and the optimal combination of wavelengths for a given subject to maximize vein contrast using linear discriminant analysis is determined. C1 [Meriaudeau, F.; Paquit, V.; Walter, N.] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Lab Le2i, UMR 5158, 12 Rue La Fonderie, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. [Paquit, V.; Price, J.; Tobin, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meriaudeau, F (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Lab Le2i, UMR 5158, 12 Rue La Fonderie, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. EM fmeriau@u-bourgogne.fr RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013 OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5653-6 PY 2009 BP 2857 EP + DI 10.1109/ICIP.2009.5414511 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQA01 UT WOS:000280464301162 ER PT B AU Adams, B Anderson, JT Attenkofer, K Bogdan, M Byrum, K Drake, G Efflam, J Frisch, HJ Genat, JFC Heintz, MK Insepov, Z Ivanov, V May, EN Natoli, T Nishimura, K Northrop, R Paramonov, A Pellin, M Ramberg, E Ronzhin, A Routkevitch, D Ruckman, L Sanchez, M Sellberg, G Siegmund, O Stanek, R Tang, F Tremsin, A Varner, G Va'Vra, J Wang, HH Weerts, H Wetstein, M Zhao, T Zinoviev, A AF Adams, B. Anderson, J. T. Attenkofer, K. Bogdan, M. Byrum, K. Drake, G. Efflam, J. Frisch, H. J. Genat, J-F. C. Heintz, M. K. Insepov, Z. Ivanov, V. May, E. N. Natoli, T. Nishimura, K. Northrop, R. Paramonov, A. Pellin, M. Ramberg, E. Ronzhin, A. Routkevitch, D. Ruckman, L. Sanchez, M. Sellberg, G. Siegmund, O. Stanek, R. Tang, F. Tremsin, A. Varner, G. Va'Vra, J. Wang, H. H. Weerts, H. Wetstein, M. Zhao, T. Zinoviev, A. GP IEEE TI A Design for Large-Area Fast Photo-detectors with Transmission-Line Readout and Waveform Sampling SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; MICROCHANNEL PLATES; UV PHOTOCATHODES; FILMS AB We present a preliminary design and the results of simulation for a photo-detector module to be used in applications requiring the coverage of areas of many square meters with time resolutions less than 10 pico-seconds and position resolutions of less than a millimeter for charged particles. The source of light is Cherenkov light in a radiator/window, the amplification is provided by panels of micro-pores functionalized to act as microchannel plates (MCPs). The good time and position resolution stems from the use of an array of parallel 50 Cl transmission lines (strips) as the collecting anodes. The anode strips feed multi-GS/sec sampling chips which digitize the pulse waveform at each end of the strip, allowing a measurement of the time from the average of the two ends, and a 2-dimensional position measurement from the difference of times on a strip, and, in the orthogonal direction, the strip number, or a centroid of the charges deposited on adjacent strips. The module design is constructed so that large areas can be 'tiled' by an array of modules C1 [Bogdan, M.; Frisch, H. J.; Genat, J-F. C.; Heintz, M. K.; Natoli, T.; Northrop, R.; Tang, F.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Adams, B.; Anderson, J. T.; Attenkofer, K.; Byrum, K.; Drake, G.; Efflam, J.; Insepov, Z.; May, E. N.; Paramonov, A.; Pellin, M.; Sanchez, M.; Stanek, R.; Wang, H. H.; Weerts, H.; Wetstein, M.] Argonne, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Insepov, Z.] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Zinoviev, A.] Arradiance, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Nishimura, K.; Ronzhin, A.; Sellberg, G.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Va'Vra, J.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Siegmund, O.; Tremsin, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Routkevitch, D.] Synkera Technol, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. [Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Genat, JFC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293 FU University of Chicago; National Science Foundation [5-43270]; U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Detector Research; UChicago Argonne; LLC; Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"); U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX Manuscript received June 14th, 2009. This work was supported in part by the University of Chicago, the National Science Foundation under grant number 5-43270, the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Detector Research Program, and UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DEAC02- 06CH11357. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 49 EP + DI 10.1109/RTC.2009.5322059 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600009 ER PT B AU Xu, S Johnson, A AF Xu, S. Johnson, A. GP IEEE TI Comparing the Performance of EPICS Channel Access with a New Implementation Based on ICE (the Internet Communications Engine) SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS AB The current Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) Channel Access (CA) protocol has been developed and used in the EPICS community for nearly 20 years. It has the advantage of stability and high performance. However, it is hard to maintain and extend. Despite being open source, in practice only the original author makes changes to it. The argument for a replacement based on modern communication technology is compelling. The Internet Communications Engine (ICE) is a communications middleware platform that is being widely used. This paper will present the implementation of a replacement for EPICS Channel Access based on ICE. The performance comparison with the original will also be presented. C1 [Xu, S.; Johnson, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600020 ER PT B AU Dhawan, S Baker, O Chen, H Khanna, R Kierstead, J Lanni, F Lynn, D Mincer, A Musso, C Rescia, S Smith, H Tipton, P Weber, M AF Dhawan, S. Baker, O. Chen, H. Khanna, R. Kierstead, J. Lanni, F. Lynn, D. Mincer, A. Musso, C. Rescia, S. Smith, H. Tipton, P. Weber, M. GP IEEE TI Commercial-Off-the-Shelf DC-DC Converters for High Energy Physics Detectors for the sLHC Upgrade SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS DE DC-DC Power Conversion; MOSFETs; Noise; Radiation Effects AB A new generation of Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) buck-type converters built using advanced short channel "high voltage" CMOS processes have the potential to operate near the interaction region of the proposed Super Large Hadron Collider (sLHC) upgraded accelerator. The benefit would be a simpler DC power distribution system and an increase of the overall power efficiency by allowing higher voltage power delivery to the front-end electronics, thus limiting the ohmic losses. The devices must operate in a high magnetic field and be able to withstand both hi-h doses of ionizing radiation and large neutron fluence. These converters are to be mounted on the same readout boards as the sensitive front-end electronics or in close proximity without introducing any additional noise due to the high switching frequencies. Radiation hardness and noise test results will he reported. C1 [Dhawan, S.; Baker, O.; Smith, H.; Tipton, P.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Chen, H.; Kierstead, J.; Lanni, F.; Lynn, D.; Rescia, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Khanna, R.] Natl Semicond Corp, New York, NY USA. [Mincer, A.; Musso, C.] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Weber, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Dhawan, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX Manuscript received June 15, 2009. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1109/RTC.2009.5322122 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600024 ER PT B AU Chen, HC AF Chen, Hucheng CA MicroBooNE Collaboration GP IEEE TI Readout Electronics and Data Acquisition System of the MicroBooNE Experiment SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS AB MicroBooNE is a proposed Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector that will observe interactions of neutrinos from the on-axis Booster Neutrino Beam and off-axis NuMI Bearn at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. MicroBooNE detector has 3 readout wire planes and similar to 10,000 signal channels, all of channels are preamplified, shaped, digitized and pre-processed online before recording on storage for offline analysis of a wide variety of physics programs. We present here an overview of the R&D activities and readout architectural studies of the MicroBooNE experiment: front-end cold electronics, optimized signal shaping, circuit, multi-channel signal digitization. FPGA based online data reduction techniques and data acquisition (DAQ) system architecture. C1 [Chen, Hucheng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, HC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1109/RTC.2009.5322032 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600030 ER PT B AU Zhang, JL AF Zhang, Jinlong CA ATLAS Collaboration GP IEEE TI ATLAS Data Acquisition SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS AB ATLAS is a general purpose high energy physics experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) system is designed to handle the extremely high data rates. The three level ATLAS trigger system (Level 1, Level 2 and Event Filter) reduces the data rate from 40 MHz bunch crossing down to similar to 200 Hz. The DAQ system is designed to transport data at different trigger levels to the mass storage, with main subsystems including the dataflow, a combination of custom designed components and commodity processors running multi-thread software applications and connected by Gigabit Ethernet, the online software responsible for the configuration., control and information sharing of the system, and the monitoring software responsible for the data quality assurance. The system is being continuously commissioned in situ with defectors, to take cosmic data and the LHC beam data in 2008. C1 [Zhang, Jinlong] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 240 EP 243 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600044 ER PT B AU Wu, JY AF Wu, Jinyuan GP IEEE TI On-Chip Processing for the Wave Union TDC Implemented in FPGA SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Front End Electronics; TDC; FPGA Firmware AB The wave union TDC implemented in FPGA utilizes multiple measurement method to reach time resolution beyond the natural carry cell delay in FPGA. Lacking of analog compensation for bin width control available in ASIC, the wave union TDC takes the after-fact digital calibration approach. In addition to the temperature drift, non-uniformity of the carry chain structure in FPGA causes complicate differential nonlinearity pattern which imposes significant on-chip calibration challenge. In this paper, processing strategies for the wave union TDC are discussed. Actual implementations in low-cost FPGA with 20ps and 10ps RMS resolutions are also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1109/RTC.2009.5322002 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600053 ER PT B AU Cuevas, C Raydo, B Dong, H Gupta, A Barbosa, FJ Wilson, J Taylor, WM Jastrzembski, E Abbott, D AF Cuevas, C. Raydo, B. Dong, H. Gupta, A. Barbosa, F. J. Wilson, J. Taylor, W. M. Jastrzembski, E. Abbott, D. GP IEEE TI Implementation of a Level 1 Trigger System using High Speed Serial (VXS) Techniques for the 12GeV high luminosity experimental programs at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS AB We will demonstrate a hardware and firmware solution for a complete fully pipelined multi-crate trigger system that takes advantage of the elegant high speed VXS serial extensions for VME. This trigger system includes three sections starting with the front end crate trigger processor (CTP), a global Sub-System Processor (SSP) and a Trigger Supervisor that manages the tuning, synchronization and front end event readout. Within a front end crate, trigger information is gathered from each 16 Channel, 12bit Flash ADC module at 4nS intervals via the VXS backplane, to a Crate Trigger Processor (CTP). Each Crate Trigger Processor receives these 500MB/S VXS links from the 16 FADC-250 modules, aligns skewed data inherent of Aurora protocol, and performs real time crate level trigger algorithms. The algorithm results are encoded using a Reed-Solomon technique and transmission of this Level I trigger data is sent to the SSP using a multi-fiber link. The multi-fiber link achieves an aggregate trigger data transfer rate to the global trigger at 8Gb/s. The SSP receives and decodes Reed-Solomon error correcting transmission from each crate, aligns the data, and performs the global level trigger algorithms. The entire trigger system is synchronous and operates at 250MHz with the Trigger Supervisor managing not only the front end event readout, but also the distribution of the critical timing clocks, synchronization signals, and the global trigger signals to each front end readout crate. These signals are distributed to the front end crates on a separate fiber link and each crate is synchronized using a unique encoding scheme to guarantee that each front end crate is synchronous with a fixed latency, independent of the distance between each crate. The over all trigger signal latency is <3uS, and the proposed 12GeV experiments at Jefferson Lab require up to 200KHz Level 1 trigger rate. C1 [Cuevas, C.; Raydo, B.; Dong, H.; Gupta, A.; Barbosa, F. J.; Wilson, J.; Taylor, W. M.; Jastrzembski, E.; Abbott, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fast Elect Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Cuevas, C (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fast Elect Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 438 EP 442 DI 10.1109/RTC.2009.5321607 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600086 ER PT B AU Wu, JY Huang, YF AF Wu, Jinyuan Huang, Yifei GP IEEE TI An FPGA Computing Demo Core for Space Charge Simulation SO 2009 16TH IEEE-NPSS REAL TIME CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS DE FPGA Firmware; Reconfigurable Computing AB In accelerator physics, space charge simulation requires large amount of computing power. In a particle system, each calculation requires time/resource consuming operations such as multiplications, divisions, and square roots. Because of the flexibility of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), we implemented this task with efficient use of the available computing resources and completely eliminated non-calculating operations that are indispensable in regular micro-processors (e.g. instruction fetch, instruction decoding, etc.). We designed and tested a 16-bit demo core for computing Coulomb's force in an Altera Cyclone II FPGA device. To save resources, the inverse square-root cube operation in our design is computed using a memory look-up table addressed with nine to ten most significant non-zero bits. At 200MHz internal clock, our demo core reaches a throughput of 200M pairs/s/core, faster than a typical 2GHz micro-processor by about a factor of 10. Temperature and power consumption of FPGAs were also lower than those of micro-processors. Fast and convenient, FPGAs can serve as alternatives to time-consuming micro-processors for space charge simulation. C1 [Wu, Jinyuan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Huang, Yifei] Illinois Math & Sci Acad, Aurora, CO 60506 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States Department of Energy; Illinois Math and Science Academy Student Inquiry and Research Program FX This work was supported in part by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy and by Illinois Math and Science Academy Student Inquiry and Research Program. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5796-0 PY 2009 BP 512 EP + DI 10.1109/RTC.2009.5321823 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNW49 UT WOS:000275741600103 ER PT B AU Chiwate, S Zhang, ZJ Mernick, K Shen, BX Vavilov, D Bugallo, MF Djuric, PM Marx, M Takai, H AF Chiwate, Subodh Zhang, Zejie Mernick, Kevin Shen, Bingxin Vavilov, Dima Bugallo, Monica F. Djuric, Petar M. Marx, Michael Takai, Helio GP IEEE TI SDR-BASED RADAR SYSTEM FOR METEOR DETECTION SO 2009 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing CY JUL 05-07, 2009 CL Santorini, GREECE DE Meteor detection; radar processing; forward scattering; data acquisition system AB The idea of monitoring atmospheric events using radio waves has been implemented in the past. The concept has also been employed to detect meteors, that is, ionized trails created by meteors. The approach exploits the property of ionized trails to reflect radio waves and the use of bistatic radar and forward scattering. In this paper we present a setup of a data acquisition (DAQ) system based on software defined radio. We provide results of processed signals obtained by our system. In a similar way, the concept may be extended to detect ultra high energy cosmic rays. We discuss the challenges in upgrading the system for meeting the latter objective. C1 [Chiwate, Subodh; Zhang, Zejie; Mernick, Kevin; Shen, Bingxin; Vavilov, Dima; Bugallo, Monica F.; Djuric, Petar M.; Marx, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Takai, Helio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chiwate, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307 FU NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION [OCI-0636194]; NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION UNDER AWARD [CCF-0515246]; THE 2008 HEWLETT-PACKARD TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING GRANT [2397700]; SBU/BNL SEED GRANT PROGRAM [37298]; STONY BROOK PRESIDENTIAL MINI-GRANT [420024-43]; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [DE-AC02-98CHI0886] FX THIS WORK HAS BEEN SUPPORTED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (OCI-0636194), NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION UNDER AWARD CCF-0515246, THE 2008 HEWLETT-PACKARD TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING GRANT (2397700), THE SBU/BNL SEED GRANT PROGRAM (37298), THE STONY BROOK PRESIDENTIAL MINI-GRANT (420024-43) AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DE-AC02-98CHI0886). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3297-4 PY 2009 BP 1014 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BOF71 UT WOS:000276494500170 ER PT S AU Deccio, C Chen, CC Mohapatra, P Sedayao, J Kant, K AF Deccio, Casey Chen, Chao-Chih Mohapatra, Prasant Sedayao, Jeff Kant, Krishna GP IEEE TI Quality of Name Resolution in the Domain Name System SO 2009 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK PROTOCOLS (ICNP 2009) SE IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols CY OCT 13-16, 2009 CL Plainsboro, NJ SP IEEE AB The Domain Name System (DNS) is integral to today's Internet. Name resolution for a domain is often dependent on servers well outside the control of the domain's owner. In this paper we propose a formal model for analyzing the name dependencies inherent in DNS, based on protocol specification and actual implementations. We derive metrics to quantify the extent to which domain names affect other domain names. It is found that under certain conditions, the name resolution for over one-half of the queries exhibits influence of domains not expressly configured by administrators. This result serves to quantify the degree of vulnerability of DNS due to dependencies that administrators are unaware of. The model presented in the paper also shows that the set of domains whose resolution affects a given domain name is much smaller than previously thought. The model also shows that with caching of NS target addresses, the number of influential domains expands greatly, thereby making the DNS infrastructure more vulnerable. C1 [Deccio, Casey] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chen, Chao-Chih; Mohapatra, Prasant] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Sedayao, Jeff; Kant, Krishna] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. RP Deccio, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ctdecci@sandia.gov; cchchen@ucdavis.edu; pmohapatra@ucdavis.edu; jeff.sedayao@intel.com; krishna.kant@intel.com FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0716741] FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under the grant CNS-0716741 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-1648 BN 978-1-4244-4635-3 J9 I C NETWORK PROTOCOL PY 2009 BP 113 EP + DI 10.1109/ICNP.2009.5339693 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNK12 UT WOS:000274777900012 ER PT B AU Dadi, U Liu, C Vatsavai, RR AF Dadi, Upendra Liu, Cheng Vatsavai, Ranga Raju BE Di, L Chen, A TI Query and Visualization of extremely large network datasets over the web using Quadtree based KML Regional Network Links SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE Keyhole Markup Language (KML); Large data sets; Visualization of geospatial data; Quadtree; Web Map Service (WMS); Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) AB Geographic data sets are often very large in size. Interactive visualization of such data at all scales is not easy because of the limited resolution of the monitors and inability of visualization applications to handle the volume of data. This is especially true for large vector datasets. The end user's experience is frequently unsatisfactory when exploring such data over the web using a naive application. Network bandwidth is another contributing factor to the low performance. In this paper, a Quadtree based technique to visualize extremely large spatial network datasets over the web is described. It involves using custom developed methods leveraging a PostGIS database as the data source and Google Earth as the visualization client. The methodology supports both point and range queries along with non-spatial queries. It is demonstrated on a network dataset consisting of several million links. The implementation of the methodology is based on using some of the powerful features of KML (Keyhole Markup Language). Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard for displaying geospatial data on Earth browsers. One of the features of KML is the notion of Network Links. Using network links, a wide range of geospatial data sources such as geodatabases, static files and geospatial data services can be simultaneously accessed and visualized seamlessly. Using the network links combined with Level of Detail principle, view based rendering and intelligent server and client-side caching, scalability in visualizing extremely large spatial datasets can be achieved. C1 [Dadi, Upendra] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, 6301 Ivy Lane,Suite 620, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Liu, Cheng; Vatsavai, Ranga Raju] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dadi, U (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, 6301 Ivy Lane,Suite 620, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM udadi@gmu.edu; liuc@ornl.gov; vatsavairr@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 67 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400013 ER PT B AU Wei, YX Santhana-Vannan, SK Cook, RB AF Wei, Yaxing Santhana-Vannan, Suresh-Kumar Cook, Robert B. BE Di, L Chen, A TI Discover, Visualize, and Deliver Geospatial Data through OGC Standards-based WebGIS System SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE OGC; WMS; WCS; WFS; Geospatial Data; WebGIS; ORNL DAAC; MAST-DC AB Geospatial data are important to understand the Earth ecosystem dynamics, land cover changes, resource management, and human interactions with the Earth to name a few. One of the biggest difficulties users face is to discover, access, and assemble distributed, large volume, heterogeneous geospatial data to conduct geo-analysis. Traditional methods of geospatial data discovery, visualization, and delivery lack the capabilities of resource sharing and automation across systems or organizational boundaries. They require users to download the data "as-is" in their original file format, projection, and extent. Also, discovering data served by traditional methods requires prior knowledge of data location, and processing requires specialized expertise. These drawbacks of traditional methods create additional burden to users, introduce too much overhead to research, and also reduce the potential usage of the data. At the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), researchers working on NASA-sponsored projects: Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) and Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) have tapped into the benefits of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods of geospatial data discovery, visualization, and delivery. The OGC standards-based approach facilitates data sharing and interoperability across network, organizational, and geopolitical boundaries. Tools and services based on OGC standards deliver the data in many user defined formats and allow users to visualize the data prior to download. This paper introduces an approach taken to visualize and deliver ORNL DAAC, MAST-DC, and other relevant geospatial data through OGC standards-based Web Services, including Web Map Service (WMS), Web Coverage Service (WCS), and Web Feature Service (WFS). It also introduces a WebGIS system built on top of OGC services that helps users discover, visualize, and access geospatial data. C1 [Wei, Yaxing; Santhana-Vannan, Suresh-Kumar; Cook, Robert B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wei, YX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6407, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM weiy@ornl.gov; santhanavans@ornl.gov; cookrb@ornl.gov RI Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013 OI Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400090 ER PT B AU Ling, YR Jin, MZ Hilliard, MR Usher, JM AF Ling, Yangrong Jin, Mingzhou Hilliard, Michael R. Usher, John M. BE Di, L Chen, A TI A Study of Real-Time Identification and Monitoring of Barge-Carried Hazardous Commodities SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ DE information system; barge tracking; event prediction; anomaly detection; certain dangerous cargo AB In response to increased terrorist threats related hazardous material movements on the U.S. inland system, towing vessel operators and fleet area managers, specified reporting points, are required to notify the U.S. Guard's Inland River Vessel Movement Center (IRVMC) of the movement of barges loaded with Certain Dangerous Cargo (CDC). The objective of this study is to develop and field test a prototype system that provides more accurate, uniform, and timely data on hazardous movements by barges, especially those certified as CDC, and to identify and report barges with potential security threats. The system being developed, namely TRACC, is expected to automatically track and monitor barges with CDC and communicate the real-time information to a data server. The event prediction and anomaly detection modules of the system will analyze the collected real-time data and other information to identify any potential security threats, and visually display locations and routes of suspicious barges. It will benefit homeland security community, first responders, local law enforcement personnel and business by providing timely and accurate barge information to make quick and right decisions in disasters involving CDC movement on the inland waterway. C1 [Ling, Yangrong] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Jin, Mingzhou; Usher, John M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hilliard, Michael R.] Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ling, YR (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM yangrong@gri.msstate.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 903 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400172 ER PT B AU Isenburg, M Shewchuk, J AF Isenburg, Martin Shewchuk, Jonathan BE Di, L Chen, A TI Visualizing LIDAR in Google Earth SO 2009 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY AUG 12-14, 2009 CL George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA HO George Mason Univ AB We describe a set of streaming tools that allow quick visualization of large amounts of LIDAR data in Google Earth. We have found these tools useful to rapidly understand and verify the coverage of acquired data or to easily present this data to a wider audience within a popular geospatial context. Starting from raw LIDAR files we use a streaming geometry processing pipeline to turn millions or even billions of LIDAR points into tiled and georeferenced KML files. The generated KML files can either contain elevation contours or image overlays showing color-coded elevation or hillside-shaded terrain. For Gilmer county, for example, we create a 10 by 8 tiling of 2000 meter tiles containing 10 meter contours in KML format. We do this in only 20 minutes using less than 100 MB of main memory and no temporary disk space on a houshold laptop starting from 357 LAS files that contain a total of 3GB of data which represents a total of 156 million LIDAR points. All the tools described in this report including the full source code are documented and available from the author's website. C1 [Isenburg, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Sci Computat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Shewchuk, Jonathan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Isenburg, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Sci Computat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4562-2 PY 2009 BP 1011 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOU28 UT WOS:000277622400192 ER PT B AU Sharafat, S Aoyama, A Morley, N Ghoniem, N Williams, B Katoh, Y AF Sharafat, S. Aoyama, A. Morley, N. Ghoniem, N. Williams, B. Katoh, Y. GP IEEE TI Thermo-mechanical Analysis of a Prototypical SiC Foam-Based Flow Channel Insert SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Flow Channel Inserts; Silicon Carbide; Porous; Open-Cell Foam AB As part of the US ITER Test Blanket Module development effort several FCI concepts using a variety of porous SiC and SiC/SiC composites are being developed. In this work we report on the thermo-mechanical analysis of a SiC foam-based FCI. Prototypes of FCI segments as large as 0.12 m x 0.75 m x 0.015 m were recently fabricated and heat tested with a maximum Delta T of similar to 150 degrees C across the FCI walls. No visible damage was observed after testing. A detailed thermo-mechanical analysis of the test was conducted and results of the simulations are discussed in context of actual FCI operating conditions. C1 [Sharafat, S.; Aoyama, A.; Morley, N.; Ghoniem, N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engr Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Williams, B.] Ultramet Inc, Prod Res & Dev, Pacoima, CA USA. [Katoh, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sharafat, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engr Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM shahrams@ucla.edu; brian.williams@ultramet.com; katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 FU Office of Fusion Science and Energy, U.S. Department of Energy under a Small Business Research Initiative Phase-II Grant; Ultramet Inc FX This work was supported by the Office of Fusion Science and Energy, U.S. Department of Energy under a Small Business Research Initiative Phase-II Grant with Ultramet Inc. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 5 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200002 ER PT B AU Leuer, JA Eidietis, NW Ferron, JR Humphreys, DA Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL Johnson, RD Penaflor, BG Piglowski, DA Walker, ML Welander, AS Yoon, SW Hahn, SH Oh, YK Xiao, BJ Wang, HZ Yuan, QP Mueller, D AF Leuer, J. A. Eidietis, N. W. Ferron, J. R. Humphreys, D. A. Hyatt, A. W. Jackson, G. L. Johnson, R. D. Penaflor, B. G. Piglowski, D. A. Walker, M. L. Welander, A. S. Yoon, S. W. Hahn, S. H. Oh, Y. K. Xiao, B. J. Wang, H. Z. Yuan, Q. P. Mueller, D. GP IEEE TI Plasma Startup Design and Experience in Fully Superconducting Tokamaks SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE fusion; DIII-D; EAST; KSTAR; tokamak; first plasma; breakdown; plasma initiation ID DIII-D; DOUBLET-III AB Recent commissioning of two major fully superconducting shaped tokamaks, EAST [Y. Wan, et al., Proc. 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, 2006] and KSTAR [Y. K. Oh, et al., Proc. 25th Symp. on Fusion Technology, Rostock, Germany, 2008, O8-3], represents a significant advance in magnetic fusion research. Key to commissioning success in these complex and unique tokamaks was (1) use of a robust, flexible plasma control system (PCS) based on the validated DIII-D design [B. G. Penaflor, et al., Proc. 6th IAEA Tech. Mtg. on Control, Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research, Inuyama, Japan, 2007]; (2) use of the TokSys design and modeling environment, which is tightly coupled with the DIII-D PCS architecture [J. A. Leuer, et al., Fusion Eng. Design, vol. 74, p. 645, 2005], for first plasma scenario development and plasma diagnosis; and (3) collaborations with experienced, internationally recognized teams of tokamak operations and control experts. We provide an overview of the generic modeling environment and plasma control tools developed and validated within the DIII-D experimental program and applied through an international collaborative program to successfully address the unique constraints associated with startup of these next generation tokamaks. The unique characteristics of each tokamak and the machine constraints that must be included in device modeling and simulation, such as superconducting coil current slew rate limits and the presence of non-linear magnetic materials, are discussed, along with commissioning and initial operational results. Application of this same modeling environment to designing startup scenarios and other major control needs for ITER is also discussed. C1 [Leuer, J. A.; Eidietis, N. W.; Ferron, J. R.; Humphreys, D. A.; Hyatt, A. W.; Jackson, G. L.; Johnson, R. D.; Penaflor, B. G.; Piglowski, D. A.; Walker, M. L.; Welander, A. S.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Yoon, S. W.; Hahn, S. H.; Oh, Y. K.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Daejeon, South Korea. [Xiao, B. J.; Wang, H. Z.; Yuan, Q. P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Anhua, Peoples R China. [Mueller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Leuer, JA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM leuer@fusion.gat.com RI Xiao, Bingjia/A-1681-2017 OI Xiao, Bingjia/0000-0001-8692-2636 FU US Department of Energy [DEFC02-04ER54698] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DEFC02-04ER54698. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 31 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200007 ER PT B AU Schaffer, MJ Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Moyer, RA AF Schaffer, M. J. Evans, T. E. Fenstermacher, M. E. Moyer, R. A. CA DIII-D Team & Collaborators GP IEEE TI ELM Suppression by Resonant Magnetic Perturbations at DIII-D SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE edge localized mode; ELM; magnetic perturbations; RMP; DIII-D ID TOKAMAK; ITER AB Edge localized mode (ELM) suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) is being studied at DIII-D with ITER-similar plasma shapes and edge collisionalities. Suppression at low collisionality correlates with overlap of vacuum magnetic field islands in a quantified edge layer at moderate q. Suppression is successful with n=3 perturbations from one or two rows of internal coils, but it fails for n < 3 and for poloidally-tall and distant coil arrays. These observations are interpreted in terms of differences of spatial helical harmonic spectra the different magnetic perturbations: excessive non-resonant harmonics may brake plasma rotation before the RMP is large enough to suppress ELMs. C1 [Schaffer, M. J.; Evans, T. E.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Fenstermacher, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Moyer, R. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Schaffer, MJ (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM schaffer@fusion.gat.com FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DEFG02-07ER54917] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DEFG02-07ER54917. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 41 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200009 ER PT B AU Sawan, ME Wilson, PPH Tautges, T El-Guebaly, LA Henderson, DL Bohm, TD Marriott, EP Kiedrowski, B Smith, B Ibrahim, A Slaybaugh, R AF Sawan, M. E. Wilson, P. P. H. Tautges, T. El-Guebaly, L. A. Henderson, D. L. Bohm, T. D. Marriott, E. P. Kiedrowski, B. Smith, B. Ibrahim, A. Slaybaugh, R. GP IEEE TI Application of CAD-Neutronics Coupling to Geometrically Complex Fusion Systems SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Monte Carlo; CAD models; 3-D nuclear analysis ID POWER-PLANT; FINAL OPTICS AB An innovative computational tool (DAG-MCNP) has been developed for efficient and accurate 3-D nuclear analysis of geometrically complex fusion systems. Direct coupling with CAD models allows preserving the geometrical details, eliminating possible human error, and faster design iterations. DAG-MCNP has been applied to perform 3-D nuclear analysis for several fusion designs and demonstrated the ability to generate high-fidelity high-resolution results that significantly improve the design process. This tool will be the core for a full CAD-based simulation predictive capability that couples engineering analyses directly to the CAD solid model. C1 [Sawan, M. E.; Wilson, P. P. H.; El-Guebaly, L. A.; Henderson, D. L.; Bohm, T. D.; Marriott, E. P.; Kiedrowski, B.; Smith, B.; Ibrahim, A.; Slaybaugh, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tautges, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Sawan, ME (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sawan@engr.wisc.edu FU US DOE FX Funding was provided through grants from the US DOE. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 53 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200012 ER PT B AU Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Combs, SK Meitner, SJ Commaux, N Rasmussen, DA Parks, PB Glugla, M Maruyama, S Pearce, RJH Lehnen, M AF Baylor, L. R. Jernigan, T. C. Combs, S. K. Meitner, S. J. Commaux, N. Rasmussen, D. A. Parks, P. B. Glugla, M. Maruyama, S. Pearce, R. J. H. Lehnen, M. GP IEEE TI Disruption Mitigation Technology Concepts and Implications for ITER SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE disruption; ITER; pellet ID PELLET INJECTION; JET; SYSTEMS; VALVE AB Disruptions on ITER present challenges to handle the intense heat flux, the large forces from halo currents, and the potential first wall damage from energetic runaway electrons. Injecting large quantities of material into the plasma during the disruption can reduce the plasma energy and increase its resistivity to mitigate these effects. Assessments of the amount of various mixtures and quantities of material required have been made to provide collision mitigation of runaway electron conversion [1], which is the most difficult challenge. The quantities of material required (similar to 0.5 MPa-m(3) for deuterium or helium gas) are large enough to have implications on the design and operation of the vacuum system and tokamak exhaust processing system. C1 [Baylor, L. R.; Jernigan, T. C.; Combs, S. K.; Meitner, S. J.; Commaux, N.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Parks, P. B.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Glugla, M.; Maruyama, S.; Pearce, R. J. H.] ITER Organ, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Lehnen, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. S. L. Milora for the many useful discussions and support for this work. This paper was prepared as an account of work by or for the ITER Organization.The Members of the Organization are the Peoples Republic of China, the European Atomic Energy Community,the Republic of India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, and the U.S. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the members or any agency thereof. Dissemination of the information in this paper is governed by the applicable terms of the ITER Joint Implementation Agreement. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so,for U.S. Government purposes. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 73 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200016 ER PT B AU Combs, SK Meitner, SJ Baylor, LR Caughman, JBO Commaux, N Fehling, DT Foust, CR Jernigan, TC McGill, JM Parks, PB Rasmussen, DA AF Combs, S. K. Meitner, S. J. Baylor, L. R. Caughman, J. B. O. Commaux, N. Fehling, D. T. Foust, C. R. Jernigan, T. C. McGill, J. M. Parks, P. B. Rasmussen, D. A. GP IEEE TI Massive Pellet and Rupture Disk Testing for Disruption Mitigation Applications SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE plasma; disruption; mitigation; gas injection; massive pellet; rupture disk ID INJECTION AB Injection of massive quantities of noble gases or D-2 has proven to be effective at mitigating some of the deleterious effects of disruptions in tokamaks. Two alternative methods that might offer some advantages over the present technique for massive gas injection are "shattering" massive pellets and employing close-coupled rupture disks. Laboratory testing has been carried out to evaluate their feasibility. For the study of massive pellets, a pipe gun pellet injector cooled with a cryogenic refrigerator was fitted with a relatively large barrel (16.5 mm bore), and D-2 and Ne pellets were made and were accelerated to speeds of similar to 600 and 300 m/s, respectively. Based on the successful proof-of-principle testing with the injector and a special double-impact target to shatter pellets, a similar system has been prepared and installed on DIII-D and should be ready for experiments later this year. To study the applicability of rupture disks for disruption mitigation, a simple test apparatus was assembled in the lab. Commercially available rupture disks of 1 in. nominal diameter were tested at conditions relevant for the application on tokamaks, including tests with Ar and He gases and rupture pressures of similar to 54 bar. Some technical and practical issues of implementing this technique on a tokamak are discussed. C1 [Combs, S. K.; Meitner, S. J.; Baylor, L. R.; Caughman, J. B. O.; Commaux, N.; Fehling, D. T.; Foust, C. R.; Jernigan, T. C.; McGill, J. M.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Parks, P. B.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Combs, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM combssk@ornl.gov RI Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 FU U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 89 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200019 ER PT B AU Viola, M Edwards, J Brown, T Dudek, L Ellis, R Heitzenroeder, P Strykowsky, R Cole, M AF Viola, Michael Edwards, J. Brown, T. Dudek, L. Ellis, R. Heitzenroeder, P. Strykowsky, R. Cole, Michael GP IEEE TI Accomplishments in Field Period Assembly for NCSX This is how we did it SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE field period; assembly; coil joint; metrology; welding AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) was a collaborative effort between ORNL and PPPL. PPPL provided the assembly techniques with guidance from ORNL to meet design criteria. The individual vacuum vessel segments, modular coils, trim coils, and toroidal field coils components were delivered to the Field Period Assembly (FPA) crew who then would complete the component assemblies and then assemble the final three field period assemblies, each consisting of two sets of three modular coils assembled over a 120 vacuum vessel segment with the trim coils and toroidal field coils providing the outer layer. The requirements for positioning the modular coils were found to be most demanding. The assembly tolerances required for accurate positioning of the field coil windings in order to generate sufficiently accurate magnetic fields strained state of the art techniques in metrology and alignment and required constant monitoring of assembly steps with laser trackers, measurement arms, and photogrammetry. The FPA activities were being performed concurrently while engineering challenges were being resolved. For example, it was determined that high friction electrically isolated shims were needed between the modular coil interface joints and low distortion welding was required in the nose region of those joints. This took months of analysis and development yet the assembly was not significantly impacted because other assembly tasks could be performed in parallel with ongoing assembly tasks as well as tasks such as advance tooling setup preparation for the eventual welding tasks. The crew technicians developed unique, accurate time saving techniques and tooling which provided significant cost and schedule savings. Project management displayed extraordinary foresight and every opportunity to gain advanced knowledge and develop techniques was taken advantage of. Despite many risk concerns, the cost and schedule performance index was maintained nearly 1.0 during the assembly phase until project cancellation. In this paper, the assembly logic, the engineering challenges, solutions to those challenges and some of the unique and clever assembly techniques, will be presented. C1 [Viola, Michael; Edwards, J.; Brown, T.; Dudek, L.; Ellis, R.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Strykowsky, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Cole, Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Viola, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-CH0911466] FX This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy Contract No.DE-AC02-CH0911466. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 98 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200021 ER PT B AU Freudenberg, KD Cole, MJ Williamson, DE Goranson, PL Nelson, BE Heitzenroeder, PJ Myatt, RL AF Freudenberg, K. D. Cole, M. J. Williamson, D. E. Goranson, P. L. Nelson, B. E. Heitzenroeder, P. J. Myatt, R. Leonard GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation and Analysis of Critical Interface Features of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; NCSX; stellarator; stress analysis; FEA AB The (18) modular coils for the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) are joined at assembly by interfaces to form a toroidal shell which serves as the structural backbone of the device. There are six each of three coil types (A, B, and C); consequently, there are 4 distinct interface designs (AA, A-B, B-C, C-C). This paper describes the performance evaluations and analyses used in the development of these critical interfaces. Initial analyses indicated that the baseline interface designs did not provide adequate shear capability along the inner (unbolted) legs between the modular coils and did not adequately address assembly tolerance requirements. Consequently a design effort was undertaken to develop interfaces with adequate shear capability and which would facilitate the achievement of assembly tolerances. Analyses indicated that a friction coefficient of 0.3 is necessary for "no-slip" joints with a preload value of similar to 320 kN in the outboard regions. Two types of compatible segmented friction shims were developed to meet the friction requirement. One type uses alumina coated stainless steel shims and the other uses G-10/ stainless steel/ G-10 "sandwich shims." Analyses indicated that the time constant requirements for induced currents in the shell could still be achieved with welds along all the inner (unbolted) legs except at the C-C interface. Consequently, welded interfaces utilizing alternating MIG fillet welds on each end of shims between coil castings were developed to react the shear loads. This configuration minimizes distortion since it avoids direct weld shrinkage stress across the interfaces. Analyses indicates that a 12.7 mm fillet weld has adequate shear capability, with average stress through the welds of 90-125 MPa, compared to a static limit of 217 MPa. Custom sized compression pucks located in the middle of the welded shims react the compressive loads and have average stresses less than 137 MPa. Fatigue acceptability of the welded joints was examined using crack growth data of welded specimens and estimates the maximum acceptable initial flaw size in 12.7 mm welds to be 3.2 mm. At this size, a crack would propagate to an unacceptably large size in 500,000 (5 X life). C1 [Freudenberg, K. D.; Cole, M. J.; Williamson, D. E.; Goranson, P. L.; Nelson, B. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Heitzenroeder, P. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Myatt, R. Leonard] Myatt Consulting Inc, Norfolk, MA 02056 USA. RP Freudenberg, KD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM freudenbergk@ornl.gov FU DOE [DEAC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This work was supported by the US DOE under Contract DEAC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 104 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200022 ER PT B AU Priniski, C Dodson, T Duco, M Raftopoulos, S Ellis, R Brooks, A AF Priniski, C. Dodson, T. Duco, M. Raftopoulos, S. Ellis, R. Brooks, A. GP IEEE TI Metrology Techniques for the Assembly of NCSX SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; metrology; stellerator assmbly; CMM; Laser Tracker; modular coil assembly AB In support of the National Compact Stellerator Experiment (NCSX), stellerator assembly activities continued this past year at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in partnership with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The construction program saw the completion of the first two Half Field-Period Assemblies (HPA), each consisting of three modular coils. The full machine includes six such sub-assemblies. A single HPA consists of three of the NCSX modular coils wound and assembled at PPPL. These geometrically-complex three-dimensional coils were wound using computer-aided metrology and CAD models to tolerances within +/- 0.5mm. The assembly of these coils required similar accuracy on a larger scale with the added complexity of more individual parts and fewer degrees of freedom for correction. Several new potential positioning issues developed for which measurement and control techniques were developed. To accomplish this, CAD coordinate-based computer metrology equipment and software similar to the solutions employed for winding the modular coils was used. Given the size of the assemblies, the primary tools were both interferometer-aided and Absolute Distance Measurement (ADM)-only based laser trackers. In addition, portable Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) arms and some novel indirect measurement techniques were employed. This paper will detail both the use of CAD coordinate-based metrology technology and the techniques developed and employed for dimensional control of NSCX sub-assemblies. The results achieved and possible improvements to techniques will be discussed. C1 [Priniski, C.; Dodson, T.; Duco, M.; Raftopoulos, S.; Ellis, R.; Brooks, A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Engn Infrastruct Dept, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Priniski, C (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Engn Infrastruct Dept, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cpriniski@pppl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200023 ER PT B AU Rule, K Cadwallader, L Takase, Y Norimatsu, T Kaneko, O Sato, M Savercool, R AF Rule, K. Cadwallader, L. Takase, Y. Norimatsu, T. Kaneko, O. Sato, M. Savercool, R. GP IEEE TI Elements of Successful and Safe Fusion Experiment Operations SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB A group of fusion safety professionals contribute to a Joint Working Group (JWG) that performs occupational safety walkthroughs of US and Japanese fusion experiments on a routine basis to enhance the safety of visiting researchers. The most recent walkthrough was completed in Japan in March 2008 by the US Safety Monitor team. This paper gives the general conclusions on fusion facility personnel safety that can be drawn from the series of walkthroughs. C1 [Rule, K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Cadwallader, L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Takase, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. [Norimatsu, T.] Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. [Kaneko, O.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 322, Japan. [Sato, M.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Savercool, R.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 91286 USA. RP Rule, K (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM krule@pppl.gov RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-CH0911466] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-CH0911466 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 113 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200024 ER PT B AU Reyes, S Taylor, N Cortes, P Ciattaglia, S Rosanvallon, S Perevezentsev, A Iseli, M Baker, D Elbez-Uzan, J Topilski, L Guden, W Sharpe, P Hayashi, T AF Reyes, S. Taylor, N. Cortes, P. Ciattaglia, S. Rosanvallon, S. Perevezentsev, A. Iseli, M. Baker, D. Elbez-Uzan, J. Topilski, L. Guden, W. Sharpe, P. Hayashi, T. GP IEEE TI Safety Related R&D for the ITER Baseline Design SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE ITER; fusion; safety; R&D ID SYSTEM AB This paper presents an overview of the safety related operating feedback taken into account in the ITER baseline design, and of the previously completed and ongoing Research and Development (R&D) activities in support of ITER safety analyses. Operating feedback relevant to ITER mostly comes from previous and currently existing fusion devices, and from the operation of tritium laboratories. Regarding the safety related R&D, since the early times of the ITER project, an extensive program has been devoted to understanding the issues, gathering data on source terms, modeling underlying phenomena, and developing analytical tools for safety analysis. C1 [Reyes, S.; Taylor, N.; Cortes, P.; Ciattaglia, S.; Rosanvallon, S.; Perevezentsev, A.; Iseli, M.; Baker, D.; Elbez-Uzan, J.; Topilski, L.] ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Guden, W.] Fus Energy, Barcelona, Spain. [Sharpe, P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Hayashi, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Reyes, S (reprint author), ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France. EM susana.reyes@iter.org NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 118 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200025 ER PT B AU Neilson, GH Gruber, CO Harris, JH Rej, DJ Simmons, RT Strykowsky, RL AF Neilson, G. H. Gruber, C. O. Harris, J. H. Rej, D. J. Simmons, R. T. Strykowsky, R. L. GP IEEE TI Lessons Learned in Risk Management on NCSX SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE stellarator; NCSX; risk; management ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; DESIGN; CONSTRUCTION; PHYSICS AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) was designed to test physics principles of an innovative stellarator design developed by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Construction of some of the major components and sub-assemblies was completed, but the estimated cost and schedule for completing the project grew as the technical requirements and risks became better understood, leading to its cancellation in 2008. The project's risks stemmed from its technical challenges, primarily the complex component geometries and tight tolerances that were required. The initial baseline, established in 2004, was supported by a risk management plan and risk-based contingencies, both of which proved to be inadequate. Technical successes were achieved in the construction of challenging components and sub-assemblies, but cost and schedule growth was experienced. As part of an effort to improve project performance, a new risk management program was devised and implemented in 2007-08. It led to a better understanding of project risks, a sounder basis for contingency estimates, and improved management tools. Although the risks ultimately were unacceptable to the sponsor, valuable lessons in risk management were learned through the experiences with the NCSX project. C1 [Neilson, G. H.; Rej, D. J.; Simmons, R. T.; Strykowsky, R. L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 38, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Harris, J. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neilson, GH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 38, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hneilson@pppl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; Princeton University; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-09CH11466 with Princeton University and under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 136 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200029 ER PT B AU Feder, RE Youssef, MZ AF Feder, Russell E. Youssef, Mahmoud Z. GP IEEE TI ITER Generic Diagnostic Upper Port Plug Nuclear Heating and Personnel Dose Rate Assesment Neutronics Analysis using the ATTILA Discrete Ordinates Code SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB Neutronics analysis to find nuclear heating rates and personnel dose rates were conducted in support of the integration of diagnostics in to the ITER Upper Port Plugs. Simplified shielding models of the Visible-Infrared diagnostic and of a large aperture diagnostic were incorporated in to the ITER global CAD model. Results for these systems are representative of typical designs with maximum shielding and a small aperture (Vis-IR) and minimal shielding with a large aperture. The neutronics discrete-ordinates code ATTILA (R) and SEVERIAN (R) (the ATTILA parallel processing version) was used Material properties and the 500 MW D-T volume source were taken from the ITER "Brand Model" MCNP benchmark model. A biased quadrature set equivelant to Sn=32 and a scattering degree of Pn=3 were used along with a 46-neutron and 21-gamma FENDL energy sub-grouping. Total nuclear heating (neutron plug gamma heating) in the upper port plugs ranged between 380 and 350 kW for the Vis-IR and Large Aperture cases. The Large Aperture model exhibited lower total heating but much higher peak volumetric heating on the upper port plug structure. Personnel dose rates are calculated in a three step process involving a neutron-only transport calculation, the generation of activation volume sources at pre-defined time steps and finally gamma transport analyses are run for selected time steps. ANSI-ANS 6.1.1 1977 Flux-to-Dose conversion factors were used Dose rates were evaluated for 1 full year of 500 MW DT operation which is comprised of 3000 1800-second pulses. After one year the machine is shut down for maintenance and personnel are permitted to access the diagnostic interspace after 2-weeks if dose rates are below 100 mu Sv/hr. Dose rates in the Visible-IR diagnostic model after one day of shutdown were 130 mu Sv/hr but fell below the limit to 90 mu Sv/hr 2-weeks later. The Large Aperture style shielding model exhibited higher and more persistent dose rates. After 1-day the dose rate was 230 mu Sv/hr but was still at 120 mu Sv/hr 4-weeks later. C1 [Feder, Russell E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Youssef, Mahmoud Z.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Feder, RE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rfeder@pppl.gov; Youssef@fusion.ucla.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 146 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200031 ER PT B AU Maruyama, S Yang, Y Sugihara, M Pitts, RA Baylor, L Combs, S Meitner, S Li, B Li, W AF Maruyama, S. Yang, Y. Sugihara, M. Pitts, R. A. Baylor, L. Combs, S. Meitner, S. Li, B. Li, W. GP IEEE TI Fuelling and Disruption Mitigation in ITER SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; ITER; Fuelling; Plasma control; ELM Pacing; Gas Injection; Pellet Injection; Disruption Mitigation ID PELLET INJECTION AB The ITER tokamak is to be fueled mainly by pellet injection and gas puffing to control discharge parameters. The ITER pellet injection system (PIS) will be the main plasma density control tool for fuelling ITER and also provides ELM pacing functionality. The gas injection system (GIS) provides gas fuelling for plasma and wall conditioning operation, and H-2 and D-2 gases to NB injectors. The fuelling system also serves the critical function of disruption mitigation, including the suppression of runaway electrons resulting from the mitigation. This paper presents an overview of the ITER fuelling system design and development, the requirements that the disruption mitigation system (DMS) must satisfy and the development strategy to ensure that a reliable DMS is in place for the start of ITER operations. C1 [Maruyama, S.; Yang, Y.; Sugihara, M.; Pitts, R. A.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Baylor, L.; Combs, S.; Meitner, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, B.; Li, W.] Southwest Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. RP Maruyama, S (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM so.maruyama@iter.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 186 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200041 ER PT B AU Goods, SH Puskar, JD Watson, RM Ulrickson, MA AF Goods, S. H. Puskar, J. D. Watson, R. M. Ulrickson, M. A. GP IEEE TI Development Of Joining Processes And Fabrication Of US First Wall Qualification Mockups For ITER SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; First Wall Qualification Mockup; ITER; HIP bonding AB We report here the fabrication processes used to manufacture US Party Team First Wall Qualification Mockups along with the detailed microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of the Be/CuCrZr/316L HIP bonds. A companion submission to this conference describes details of the PMTF heat flux testing and the performance of the first US FWQM. C1 [Goods, S. H.; Watson, R. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Puskar, J. D.; Ulrickson, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Goods, SH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM shgoods@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 194 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200043 ER PT B AU Kotulski, JD Coats, RS Pasik, MF Ulrickson, M AF Kotulski, J. D. Coats, R. S. Pasik, M. F. Ulrickson, M. GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic analysis of forces and torques on the ITER shield modules due to plasma disruption SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; ITER; eddy-current analysis; electromabnetic force computation AB An electromagnetic analysis is performed on the ITER shield modules under different plasma disruption scenarios using the OPERA-3d software. The modeling procedure is explained, electromagnetic torques are presented, and results of the modeling are discussed. C1 [Kotulski, J. D.; Coats, R. S.; Pasik, M. F.; Ulrickson, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotulski, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1152, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdkotul@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200046 ER PT B AU Kotulski, JD Coats, RS Pasik, MF Ulrickson, M Garde, JM AF Kotulski, J. D. Coats, R. S. Pasik, M. F. Ulrickson, M. Garde, J. M. GP IEEE TI Computational study of the electromagnetic forces and torques on different ITER first wall designs SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; electromagnetic forces; eddy currents; ITER first wall components AB An electromagnetic analysis is performed on different first wall designs for the ITER device. The electromagnetic forces and torques present due to a plasma disruption event are calculated and compared for the different designs. C1 [Kotulski, J. D.; Coats, R. S.; Pasik, M. F.; Ulrickson, M.; Garde, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotulski, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1152, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdkotul@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 210 EP 212 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200047 ER PT B AU Sichta, P Davis, W Dong, J Mastrovito, D Tchilinguirian, G Zimmer, G AF Sichta, P. Davis, W. Dong, J. Mastrovito, D. Tchilinguirian, G. Zimmer, G. GP IEEE TI A Decade of NSTX Operations Using Collaborative Software SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE control systems; data acquisition; software AB Since the beginning of the National Spherical Torus Experiment's (NSTX) research activities in 1999, open-source and collaborative software have been used extensively for experimental operations. The software included Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and the Model Data System plus (MDSplus). This paper will begin with a retrospective of ten years of integrated computing, control, and data analysis on NSTX. A variety of practical issues will be reviewed such as: system reliability, availability, and maintainability; using open source software with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware; obsolescence and remaining current. Recent improvements, current status, and emerging issues will be presented. Numerous proposals for NSTX upgrades have been made that will extend the performance and operating lifetime of NSTX. In light of this, a collective strategy for improving NSTX's collaborative software model for a new decade of operations will be examined. C1 [Sichta, P.; Davis, W.; Dong, J.; Mastrovito, D.; Tchilinguirian, G.; Zimmer, G.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sichta, P (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200054 ER PT B AU Zhao, X Ramakrishnan, S Lawson, J Neumeyer, C Marsala, R Schneider, H AF Zhao, X. Ramakrishnan, S. Lawson, J. Neumeyer, C. Marsala, R. Schneider, H. GP IEEE TI NSTX PROTECTION AND INTERLOCK SYSTEMS FOR COIL AND POWERS SUPPLY SYSTEMS SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Coil; Detection; Fault; Overcurrent; Permissive; Power; Protection; Rectifier AB NSTX at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) requires sophisticated plasma positioning control system for stable plasma operation. TF magnetic coils and PF magnetic coils provide electromagnetic fields to position and shape the plasma vertically and horizontally respectively. NSTX utilizes twenty six coil power supplies to establish and initiate electromagnetic fields through the coil system for plasma control. A power protection and interlock system is utilized to detect power system faults and protect the TF coils and PF coils against excessive electromechanical forces, overheating, and over current. Upon detecting any fault condition the power system is restricted, and it is either prevented from initializing or suppressed to de-energize coil power during pulsing. Power fault status is immediately reported to the computer system. This paper describes the design and operation of NSTX's protection and interlocking system and possible future expansion plans. C1 [Zhao, X.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Lawson, J.; Neumeyer, C.; Marsala, R.; Schneider, H.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Zhao, X (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM xinzhao@pppl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200055 ER PT B AU Pugh, C Henderson, P Silber, K Carroll, T Ying, K AF Pugh, C. Henderson, P. Silber, K. Carroll, T. Ying, K. GP IEEE TI UTILIZING ZFS FOR THE STORAGE OF ACQUIRED DATA SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE ZFS; data acquisition; storage; UNIX AB Every day, the amount of data that is acquired from plasma experiments grows dramatically. It has become difficult for systems administrators to keep up with the growing demand for hard drive storage space. In the past, project storage has been supplied using UNIX filesystem (ufs) partitions. In order to increase the size of the disks using this system, users were required to discontinue use of the disk, so the existing data could be transferred to a disk of larger capacity or begin use of a completely new and separate disk, thus creating a segmentation of data storage. With the application of ZFS pools, the data capacity woes are over. ZFS provides simple administration that eliminates the need to unmount to resize, or transfer data to a larger disk. With a storage limit of 16 Exabytes (10(18)), ZFS provides immense scalability. Utilizing ZFS as the new project disk file system, users and administrators can eliminate time wasted waiting for data to transfer from one hard drive to another, and also enables more efficient use of disk space, as system administrators need only allocate what is presently required. This paper will discuss the application and benefits of using ZFS as an alternative to traditional data access and storage in the fusion environment. C1 [Pugh, C.; Henderson, P.; Silber, K.; Carroll, T.; Ying, K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Div Informat Technol, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pugh, C (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Div Informat Technol, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cpugh@pppl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200067 ER PT B AU Kalish, M Brooks, A Rushinski, J Upcavage, R AF Kalish, M. Brooks, A. Rushinski, J. Upcavage, R. GP IEEE TI NCSX Trim Coil Design SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE NCSX; Trim Coils; Magnets; Error Correction Coils; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory; PPPL; Fusion AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) was being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in partnership with Oak Ridge National Laboratory before work was stopped in 2008. The objective of this experiment was to develop the stellarator concept and evaluate it's potential as a model for future fusion power plants. Stellarator design requires very precisely positioned Modular Coils of complex shape to form 3D plasmas. In the design of NCSX, Trim Coils were required to compensate for both the positioning of the coils during assembly and the fabrication tolerances of the Modular Coils. Use of the Trim Coils allowed for larger tolerances increasing ease of assembly and decreasing overall cost. A set of Trim coils was developed to suppress the toroidal flux in island regions due to misalignment, magnetic materials, and eddy currents. The requirement imposed upon the design forced the toroidal flux in island regions below 10% of the total toroidal flux in the plasma. An analysis was first performed to evaluate candidate Trim Coil configurations iterating both the size, number, and position of the coils. The design was optimized considering both performance and cost while staying within the tight restraints presented by the space limited geometry. The final design of the Trim Coils incorporated a 48 Coil top bottom symmetric set. Fabrication costs were minimized by having only two coil types and using a planar conventional design with off the shelf commercial conductor. The Trim Coil design incorporated supports made from simple structural shapes assembled together in a way which allowed for adjustment as well as accommodation for the tolerance build up on the mating surfaces. This paper will summarize the analysis that led to the optimization of the Trim Coils set, the trim coil mechanical design, thermal and stress analysis, and the design of the supporting Trim Coil structure. C1 [Kalish, M.; Brooks, A.; Rushinski, J.; Upcavage, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kalish, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mkalish@pppl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200074 ER PT B AU Dudek, LE Chrzanowski, JH Gettelfinger, G Heitzenroeder, P Jurczynski, S Viola, M Freudenberg, K AF Dudek, L. E. Chrzanowski, J. H. Gettelfinger, G. Heitzenroeder, P. Jurczynski, S. Viola, M. Freudenberg, K. GP IEEE TI Testing of Compact Bolted Fasteners with Insulation and Friction-Enhanced Shims for NCSX SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Stellerator; Bolting; Testing; Cryogenic; Friction AB The fastening of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment's (NCSX) modular coils presented a number of engineering and manufacturing challenges due to the high magnetic forces, need to control induced currents, tight tolerances and restrictive space envelope. A fastening method using high strength studs, jack nuts, insulating spacers, bushings and alumina coated shims was developed which met the requirements. A test program was conducted to verify the design. The tests included measurements of flatness of the spacers, determination of contact area, torque vs. tension of the studs and jack nuts, friction coefficient tests on the alumina and G-10 insulators, electrical tests, and tension relaxation tests due to temperature excursions from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperatures. This paper will describe the design and the results of the test program. C1 [Dudek, L. E.; Chrzanowski, J. H.; Gettelfinger, G.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Jurczynski, S.; Viola, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Freudenberg, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dudek, LE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-CH0911466] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-CH0911466 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 321 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200075 ER PT B AU Denault, M Viola, M England, W AF Denault, M. Viola, M. England, W. GP IEEE TI Low Distortion Welded Joints for NCSX SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE welding; welding processes; National Compact Stellarator Experiment; NCSX; shear plate design AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) required precise positioning of the field coils in order to generate suitable magnetic fields. A set of three modular field coils were assembled to form the Half Field-Period Assemblies (HPA). Final assembly of the HPA required a welded shear plate to join individual coils in the nose region due to the geometric limitations and the strength constraints. Each of the modular coil windings was wound on a stainless steel alloy (Stellalloy) casting. The alloy is similar to austenitic 316 stainless steel. During the initial welding trials, severe distortion, of approximately 1/16", was observed in the joint caused by weld shrinkage. The distortion was well outside the requirements of the design. Solutions were attempted through several simultaneous routes. The joint design was modified, welding processes were changed, and specialized heat reduction techniques were utilized. A final joint design was selected to reduce the amount of weld material needed to be deposited, while maintaining adequate penetration and strength. Several welding processes and techniques using Miller Axcess equipment were utilized that significantly reduced heat input. The final assembly of the HPA was successful. Distortion was controlled to 0.012", well within the acceptable design tolerance range of 0.020" over a 3.5 foot length. C1 [Denault, M.; Viola, M.; England, W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Denault, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mdenault@pppl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 325 EP 328 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200076 ER PT B AU Chrzanowski, JH Meighan, TG Raftopoulos, S Dudek, L Fogarty, PJ AF Chrzanowski, James H. Meighan, Thomas G. Raftopoulos, Steven Dudek, Lawrence Fogarty, Paul J. GP IEEE TI Lessons Learned During the Manufacture of the NCSX Modular Coils SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB the National Compact Stellarator Experiment's (NCSX) modular coils presented a number of engineering and manufacturing challenges due to their complex shapes, requirements for high dimensional accuracy and high current density requirements due to space constraints. Being the first of their kind, these coils required the implementation of many new manufacturing and measuring techniques and procedures. This was the first time that these manufacturing techniques and methods were applied in the production of coils at the laboratory. This resulted in a steep learning curve for the first several coils. Through the effective use of procedures, tooling modifications, involvement and ownership by the manufacturing workforce, and an emphasis on safety, the assembly team was able to reduce the manufacturing times and improve upon the manufacturing methods. This paper will discuss the learning curve and steps that were taken to improve the manufacturing efficiency and reduce the manufacturing times for the modular coils without forfeiting quality. C1 [Chrzanowski, James H.; Meighan, Thomas G.; Raftopoulos, Steven; Dudek, Lawrence] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Fogarty, Paul J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chrzanowski, JH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 329 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200077 ER PT B AU Dodson, T Ellis, R Priniski, C Raftopoulos, S Stevens, D Viola, M AF Dodson, T. Ellis, R. Priniski, C. Raftopoulos, S. Stevens, D. Viola, M. GP IEEE TI Advantages of High Tolerance Measurements in Fusion Environments Applying Photogrammetry SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE photogrammetry; metrology; National Compact Stellarator Experiment; NCSX; measurement AB Photogrammetry, a state-of-the-art technique of metrology employing digital photographs as the vehicle for measurement, has been investigated in the fusion environment. Benefits of this high tolerance methodology include relatively easy deployment for multiple point measurements and deformation/distortion studies. Depending on the equipment used, photogrammetric systems can reach tolerances of 25 microns (0.001 in) to 100 microns (0.004 in) on a 3-meter object. During the fabrication and assembly of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) the primary measurement systems deployed were CAD coordinate-based computer metrology equipment and supporting algorithms such as both interferometer-aided (IFM) and absolute distance measurement-based (ADM) laser trackers, as well as portable Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) arms. Photogrammetry was employed at NCSX as a quick and easy tool to monitor coil distortions incurred during welding operations of the machine assembly process and as a way to reduce assembly downtime for metrology processes. This paper will explore the use of photogrammetry on NCSX during field period assembly (FPA) and the results it achieved. It will also explore other applications of this method and discuss future plans for use. C1 [Dodson, T.; Ellis, R.; Priniski, C.; Raftopoulos, S.; Stevens, D.; Viola, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Engn Infrastruct Dept, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dodson, T (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Engn Infrastruct Dept, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM tdodson@pppl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200078 ER PT B AU Brown, T Bromberg, L Cole, M AF Brown, T. Bromberg, L. Cole, M. GP IEEE TI RESULTS OF COMPACT STELLARATOR ENGINEERING TRADE STUDIES SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB A number of technical requirements and performance criteria can drive stellarator costs, e.g., tight tolerances, accurate coil positioning, low aspect ratio (compactness), choice of assembly strategy, metrology, and complexity of the stellarator coil geometry. With the completion of a seven-year design and construction effort of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) it is useful to interject the NCSX experience along with the collective experiences of the NCSX stellarator community to improving the stellarator configuration. Can improvements in maintenance be achieved by altering the stellarator magnet configuration with changes in the coil shape or with the combination of trim coils? Can a mechanical configuration be identified that incorporates a partial set of shaped fixed stellarator coils along with some removable coil set to enhance the overall machine maintenance? Are there other approaches that will simplify the concepts, improve access for maintenance, reduce overall cost and improve the reliability of a stellarator based power plant? Using ARIES-CS and NCSX as reference cases, alternative approaches have been studied and developed to show how these modifications would favorably impact the stellarator power plant and experimental projects. The current status of the alternate stellarator configurations being developed will be described and a comparison made to the recently designed and partially built NCSX device and the ARIES-CS reactor design study C1 [Brown, T.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bromberg, L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cole, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brown, T (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM tbrown@pppl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-CH0911466] FX This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-CH0911466 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 337 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200079 ER PT B AU Strykowsky, RL Brown, T Chrzanowski, J Cole, M Heitzenroeder, P Neilson, GH Rej, D Viola, M AF Strykowsky, R. L. Brown, T. Chrzanowski, J. Cole, M. Heitzenroeder, P. Neilson, G. H. Rej, Donald Viola, M. GP IEEE TI ENGINEERING COST & SCHEDULE LESSONS LEARNED ON NCSX SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE stellarator; NCSX; Cost; Schedule; Lessons AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is designed to test physics principles of an innovative stellarator design developed by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The project was technically very challenging, primarily due to the complex component geometries and tight tolerances that were required. As the project matured these challenges manifested themselves through all phases of the project (i.e. design, R&D, fabrication and assembly). Although the project was not completed, several major work packages, comprising about 65% of the total estimated cost (excluding management and contingency), were completed, providing a data base of actual costs that can be analyzed to understand cost drivers. Technical factors that drove costs included the complex geometry, tight tolerances, material requirements, and performance requirements. Management factors included imposed annual funding constraints that throttled project cash flow, staff availability, and inadequate R&D. Understanding how requirements and design decisions drove cost through this top-down forensic cost analysis could provide valuable insight into the configuration and design of future Stellarators and other devices. C1 [Strykowsky, R. L.; Brown, T.; Chrzanowski, J.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Neilson, G. H.; Viola, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Cole, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rej, Donald] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Strykowsky, RL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rstrykow@pppl.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-9CH11466]; Princeton University [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle; LLC FX Research supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-9CH11466 with Princeton University and No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.) NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 345 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200081 ER PT B AU Goranson, P Freudenberg, K McGinnis, G Dudek, L Zarnstorff, M AF Goranson, P. Freudenberg, K. McGinnis, G. Dudek, L. Zarnstorff, M. GP IEEE TI Application of High-Performance Aerogel Insulating Materials (Analysis & Test Results) SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS C1 [Goranson, P.; Freudenberg, K.; McGinnis, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dudek, L.; Zarnstorff, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Goranson, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goransonpl@ornl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 349 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200082 ER PT B AU Sawan, ME Marriott, EP Aplin, CS Snead, LL AF Sawan, M. E. Marriott, E. P. Aplin, C. S. Snead, L. L. GP IEEE TI Mobile Tiles for Inertial Fusion First Wall/Blanket SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE inertial fusion; first wall; tiles; tritium breeding; nuclear heating AB A conceptually simple first wall (FW) and blanket design for an inertial fusion system based on utilizing mobile FW tiles is presented. Using these tiles that are periodically removed, annealed, and reinstalled, tritium retention and surface erosion concerns for inertial fusion FW could be mitigated. A conceptual configuration has been developed with consideration for laser beam port accommodation and a simple tile insertion and removal scheme. Tritium self-sufficiency can be achieved with a variety of options. The current preferred design option utilizes liquid Li breeder that serves also as coolant for both the FW tiles and blanket with ferritic steel structural material. Thermal analysis for the carbon fiber composite FW tiles in the HAPL nuclear environment indicates that the maximum temperature will be similar to 1300 degrees C. C1 [Sawan, M. E.; Marriott, E. P.; Aplin, C. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Sawan, ME (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sawan@engr.wisc.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory as part of DOE's - HAPL program FX This work has been performed through grants from the Naval Research Laboratory as part of DOEs funded HAPL program. Irradiations were carried out using the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a Department of Energy User Facility at Oak Ridge National laboratory. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 361 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200085 ER PT B AU Gentile, CA Blanchard, WR Kozub, T Priniski, C Zatz, I Obenschain, S AF Gentile, C. A. Blanchard, W. R. Kozub, T. Priniski, C. Zatz, I. Obenschain, S. GP IEEE TI Conceptual Engineering Method for Attenuating He Ion Interactions on First Wall Components in the Fusion Test Facility (FTF) Employing a Low-Pressure Noble Gas SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Laser Fusion; Direct Drive; First Wall; Shield Gas AB It has been shown that post detonation energetic helium ions can drastically reduce the useful life of the (dry) first wall of an IFE reactor due to the accumulation of implanted helium. For the purpose of attenuating energetic helium ions from interacting with first wall components in the Fusion Test Facility (FTF) target chamber, several concepts have been advanced. These include magnetic intervention (MI), deployment of a dynamically moving first wall, use of a sacrificial shroud, designing the target chamber large enough to mitigate the damage caused by He ions on the target chamber wall, and the use of a low pressure noble gas resident in the target chamber during pulse power operations. It is proposed that employing a low-pressure (similar to 1 torr equivalent) noble gas in the target chamber will thermalize energetic helium ions prior to interaction with the wall. The principle benefit of this concept is the simplicity of the design and the utilization of (modified) existing technologies for pumping and processing the noble ambient gas. Although the gas load in the system would be increased over other proposed methods, the use of a "gas shield" may provide a cost effective method of greatly extending the first wall of the target chamber. An engineering study has been initiated to investigate conceptual engineering methods for implementing a viable gas shield strategy in the FTF. C1 [Gentile, C. A.; Blanchard, W. R.; Kozub, T.; Priniski, C.; Zatz, I.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Obenschain, S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gentile, CA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 377 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200089 ER PT B AU Ellis, R Kaita, R Kugel, H Paluzzi, G Viola, M Nygren, R AF Ellis, R. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. Paluzzi, G. Viola, M. Nygren, R. GP IEEE TI MECHANICAL DESIGN OF THE NSTX LIQUID LITHIUM DIVERTOR SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; formatting; style; styling; insert ID LIMITER AB The Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) on NSTX will be the first test of a fully-toroidal liquid lithium divertor in a high-power magnetic confinement device. It will replace part of the lower outboard divertor between a specified inside and outside radius, and ultimately provide a lithium surface exposed to the plasma with enough depth to absorb a significant particle flux. There are numerous technical challenges involved in the design. The lithium layer must be as thin as possible, and maintained at a temperature between 200 and 400 degrees Celsius to minimize lithium evaporation. This requirement leads to the use of a thick copper substrate, with a thin stainless steel layer bonded to the plasma-facing surface. A porous molybdenum layer is then plasma-sprayed onto the stainless steel, to provide a coating that facilitates full wetting of the surface by the liquid lithium. Other challenges include the design of a robust, vacuum-compatible heating and cooling system for the LLD. Replacement graphite tiles that provided the proper interface between the existing outer divertor and the LLD also had to be designed, as well as accommodation for special LLD diagnostics. This paper describes the mechanical design of the LLD, and presents analyses showing the performance limits of the LLD. C1 [Ellis, R.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H.; Paluzzi, G.; Viola, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Nygren, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ellis, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-CH0911466] FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-CH0911466 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 404 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200096 ER PT B AU Youchison, DL Ulrickson, MA Bullock, JH AF Youchison, D. L. Ulrickson, M. A. Bullock, J. H. GP IEEE TI Two-Phase Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Hypervapotron Heatsink for ITER First Wall Applications SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE hypervapotron; two-phase; computational fluid dynamics; first wall; boiling ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; EXTRAPOLATION; REACTOR; LOSSES; ENERGY; WATER; MODEL AB Enhanced radial transport in the plasma and the effect of ELMS may increase the ITER first wall heat loads to as much as 4 to 5 MW/m(2) over localized areas. One proposed heatsink that can handle these higher loads is a CuCrZr hypervapotron. One concept for a first wall panel consists of 20 hypervapotron channels, 1400 mm long and 48.5 mm wide. The nominal cooling conditions anticipated for each channel are 400 g/s of water at 3 MPa and 100 degrees C. This will result in boiling over a portion of the total length, and two-phase thermalhydraulic analysis is required to predict accurately the thermal performance. Existing heat transfer correlations used for nucleate boiling are not appropriate here, because the flow does not reach fully developed conditions in the multi-segmented channels. Our design-by-analysis approach used two commercial codes, CFdesign and Fluent, to perform computational fluid dynamics analyses with conjugate heat transfer. The Fluent simulations use the Rensselear (RPI) model for wall heat flux partitioning to model nucleate boiling as implemented in user defined functions. A more computationally expensive volume-of-fluid (VOF) multiphase model encompassing only several hypervapotron teeth provided a check on the results. We present a comparison between the two codes for this Eulerian multi-phase problem that relies on the steam tables for the fluid properties. The analyses optimized the hypervapotron geometry including teeth height and pitch and the depth of the back channel to permit highly effective boiling heat transfer in the grooves between teeth while ensuring that no boiling could occur at the back channel exit. The analysis used a representative heat flux profile with the peak heat flux of 5 MW/m(2) limited to a 50-mm-length. The surface temperature of the heatsink is kept well below 350 degrees C. The baseline design uses 2 mm for the teeth height, a 3 mm width and 6 mm pitch, and a back channel depth of 8 mm. The teeth are detached from the sidewall by a 2-mm-wide slot on both sides that aids in sweep-out and quenching of the vapor bubbles. C1 [Youchison, D. L.; Ulrickson, M. A.; Bullock, J. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Youchison, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1129,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlyouch@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 412 EP 415 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200098 ER PT B AU Kung, CC Ellis, R Brunkhorst, C Greenough, N Fredd, E Castano, A Miller, D D'Amico, G Yager, R Hosea, J Wilson, JR Ryan, P AF Kung, C. C. Ellis, R. Brunkhorst, C. Greenough, N. Fredd, E. Castano, A. Miller, D. D'Amico, G. Yager, R. Hosea, J. Wilson, J. R. Ryan, P. GP IEEE TI SIMULATION RESULTS FOR NEW NSTX HHFW ANTENNA STRAPS DESIGN BY USING MICROWAVE STUDIO SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS ID HARMONIC FAST WAVES; CONFINEMENT AB Experimental results have shown that the high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) at 30 MHz can provide substantial plasma heating and current drive for the NSTX spherical tokamak operation. However, the present antenna strap design rarely achieves the design goal of delivering the full transmitter capability of 6 MW to the plasma. In order to deliver more power to the plasma, a new antenna strap design and the associated coaxial line feeds are being constructed. This new antenna strap design features two feed-throughs to replace the old single feed-through design. In the design process, CST Microwave Studio has been used to simulate the entire new antenna strap structure including the enclosure and the Faraday shield. In this paper, the antenna strap model and the simulation results will be discussed in detail. The test results from the new antenna straps with their associated resonant loops will be presented as well. C1 [Kung, C. C.; Ellis, R.; Brunkhorst, C.; Greenough, N.; Fredd, E.; Castano, A.; Miller, D.; D'Amico, G.; Yager, R.; Hosea, J.; Wilson, J. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ryan, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kung, CC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ckung@pppl.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX The authors would like to thank the NSTX construction team for supporting the new antenna straps and coaxial lines installation. This work is supported by US DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 452 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200108 ER PT B AU Greenough, N Fredd, E DePasquale, S AF Greenough, N. Fredd, E. DePasquale, S. GP IEEE TI High Power, High Voltage FETs in Linear Applications: A User's Perspective SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB The specifications of the current crop of high-power, high-voltage field-effect transistors (FETs) can lure a designer into employing them in high-voltage DC equipment. Devices with extremely low on-resistance and very high power ratings are available from several manufacturers. However, our experience shows that high-voltage, linear operation of these devices at near-continuous duty can present difficult reliability challenges at stress levels well-below their published specifications. This paper chronicles the design evolution of a 600 volt, 8 ampere shunt regulator for use with megawatt-class radio transmitters, and presents a final design that has met its reliability criteria. C1 [Greenough, N.; Fredd, E.; DePasquale, S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Greenough, N (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ngreenough@pppl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 468 EP 471 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200112 ER PT B AU Mueller, D Bell, MG Bell, RE LeBlanc, B Roquemore, AL Raman, R Jarboe, TR Nelson, BA Soukhanovskii, V AF Mueller, D. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. E. LeBlanc, B. Roquemore, A. L. Raman, R. Jarboe, T. R. Nelson, B. A. Soukhanovskii, V. GP IEEE TI Ramp-up of CHI initiated plasmas on NSTX SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Spherical Torus; Coaxial Helicity Injection; Current Drive; Start-up ID COAXIAL HELICITY INJECTION; START-UP; TOKAMAK; SUSTAINMENT AB Experiments on the National Spherical Torus (NSTX) have now demonstrated flux savings using transient coaxial helicity injection (CHI). In these discharges, the discharges initiated by CHI are ramped up with an inductive transformer and exhibit higher plasma current than discharges without the benefit of CHI initiation. C1 [Mueller, D.; Bell, M. G.; Bell, R. E.; LeBlanc, B.; Roquemore, A. L.] PPPL, POB 454, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Raman, R.; Jarboe, T. R.; Nelson, B. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Soukhanovskii, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mueller, D (reprint author), PPPL, POB 454, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dmueller@pppl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02- 09-CH11466, DE-FG03-96ER54361, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts DE-AC02- 09-CH11466, DE-FG03-96ER54361, and DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 472 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200113 ER PT B AU Meitner, SJ Baylor, LR Combs, SK Fehling, DT McGill, JM Rasmussen, DA Leachman, JW AF Meitner, S. J. Baylor, L. R. Combs, S. K. Fehling, D. T. McGill, J. M. Rasmussen, D. A. Leachman, J. W. GP IEEE TI TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ITER PELLET INJECTION SYSTEM SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE ITER; twin-screw extruder; pellet injection AB The ITER pellet injection system is comprised of devices to form and accelerate pellets, and will be connected to inner wall guide tubes for fueling, and outer wall guide tubes for ELM pacing. An extruder will provide a stream of solid hydrogen isotopes to a secondary section, where pellets are cut and accelerated with a gas gun into the plasma. The ITER pellet injection system is required to provide a plasma fueling rate of 120 Pa-m(3)/s (900 mbar-L/s) and durations of up to 3000 s. The fueling pellets will be injected at a rate up to 10 Hz and pellets used to trigger ELMs will be injected at higher rates up to 20 Hz. A twin-screw extruder for the ITER pellet injection system is under development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A one-fifth ITER scale prototype has been built and has demonstrated the production of a continuous solid deuterium extrusion. The 27 mm diameter, intermeshed, counter-rotating extruder screws are rotated at a rate up to approximate to 5 rpm. Deuterium gas is pre-cooled and liquefied and solidified in separate extruder barrels. The precooler consists of a deuterium gas filled copper coil suspended in a separate stainless steel vessel containing liquid nitrogen. The liquefier is comprised of a copper barrel connected to a Cryomech AL330 cryocooler, which has a machined helical groove surrounded by a copper jacket, through which the pre-cooled deuterium condenses. The lower extruder barrel is connected to a Cryomech GB-37 cryocooler to solidify the deuterium (at approximate to 15 K) before it is forced through the extruder die. The die forms the extrusion to a 3 mm x 4 mm rectangular cross section. Design improvements have been made to improve the pre-cooler and liquefier heat exchangers, and to limit the loss of extrusion through gaps in the screws. This paper will describe the design improvements for the next iteration of the extruder prototype. C1 [Meitner, S. J.; Baylor, L. R.; Combs, S. K.; Fehling, D. T.; McGill, J. M.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Leachman, J. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Mech, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Meitner, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed; UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was supported by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725. This report was prepared as an account of work by or for the ITER Organization. The Members of the Organization are the People's Republic of China, the European Atomic Energy Community, the Republic of India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, and the United States of America. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the Members or any agency thereof. Dissemination of the information in this paper is governed by the applicable terms of the ITER Joint Implementation Agreement. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 493 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200119 ER PT B AU Frattolillo, A Bombarda, F Migliori, S Capobianchi, M Ronci, G Baylor, LR Combs, SK Foust, CR Meitner, S Fehling, D Coppi, B Roveta, G AF Frattolillo, A. Bombarda, F. Migliori, S. Capobianchi, M. Ronci, G. Baylor, L. R. Combs, S. K. Foust, C. R. Meitner, S. Fehling, D. Coppi, B. Roveta, G. GP IEEE TI Development of The High Speed Pellet Injector For Ignitor SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Ignitor; pellet injector; two-stage gun AB ENEA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are collaborating on the development of a four barrel, two-stage pneumatic injector for the Ignitor experiment, featuring two innovative concepts: (i) the proper shaping of the propellant pressure pulse to improve pellet acceleration, and (ii) the use of fast closing (< 10 ms) valves to drastically reduce the expansion volumes of the propellant gas removal system. Two independent sub-systems have been built and tested separately by ENEA and ORNL. The ENEA equipment has then been shipped to Oak Ridge, where testing of the two coupled systems have started during the last year. The results of the first two short experimental campaigns, jointly carried out by ENEA and ORNL teams (May 12-16 and December 15-19 2008), as well as the latest advancement of this project will be reported. C1 [Frattolillo, A.; Bombarda, F.; Migliori, S.; Capobianchi, M.; Ronci, G.] ENEA CR Frascati, Frascati, Italy. [Baylor, L. R.; Combs, S. K.; Foust, C. R.; Meitner, S.; Fehling, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus Energy Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Coppi, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Roveta, G.] Criotec Impianti, Chivasso, Italy. RP Frattolillo, A (reprint author), ENEA CR Frascati, Frascati, Italy. EM antonio.frattolillo@enea.it NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 501 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200121 ER PT B AU Neumeyer, C Avasarala, S Chrzanowski, J Dudek, L Fan, H Hatcher, R Heitzenroeder, P Menard, J Ono, M Ramakrishnan, S Titus, P Woolley, R Zhan, H AF Neumeyer, C. Avasarala, S. Chrzanowski, J. Dudek, L. Fan, H. Hatcher, R. Heitzenroeder, P. Menard, J. Ono, M. Ramakrishnan, S. Titus, P. Woolley, R. Zhan, H. GP IEEE TI National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) Center Stack Upgrade SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB The purpose of the NSTX Center Stack Upgrade project is to expand the NSTX operational space and thereby the physics basis for next-step ST facilities. The plasma aspect ratio (ratio of plasma major to minor radius) of the upgrade is increased to 1.5 from the original value of 1.26, which increases the cross sectional area of the center stack by a factor of similar to 3 and makes possible higher levels of performance and pulse duration. C1 [Neumeyer, C.; Avasarala, S.; Chrzanowski, J.; Dudek, L.; Fan, H.; Hatcher, R.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Menard, J.; Ono, M.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Titus, P.; Woolley, R.; Zhan, H.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Neumeyer, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM neumeyer@pppl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 536 EP 539 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200130 ER PT B AU Pawley, CJ Scoville, JT Hong, RM Stevenson, T Rossi, G Edwards, J von Halle, A AF Pawley, C. J. Scoville, J. T. Hong, R. -M. Stevenson, T. Rossi, G. Edwards, J. von Halle, A. GP IEEE TI Analysis of DIII-D Neutral Beam Power Systems for 10 Second Operation SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Neutral Beams; Power supplies; DIII-D; long pulse AB The neutral beam injector systems on the DIII-D tokamak are currently limited to 3 seconds of total beam on time with the existing beam line components. To achieve high performance discharges with a high fraction of non-inductive neutral beam current drive for pulse lengths longer than the resistive time, long pulse upgrades are planned for both the neutral beam line and the power supplies that drive it. The beam on time will be extended to 10 seconds to provide full drive throughout the tokamak shot. This paper discusses the calculations, simulations and measurements of the neutral beam power systems to identify component modifications required for the longer pulse operations. The power supplies examined are the high power beam voltage supply (up to 80 amps at 84 kV) as well as the ion source arc and filament power supplies and the downstream grid control supplies. The beams may be modulated through the entire length of the 10-second shot to provide a fine control on total neutral beam power into the plasma. This will cause additional power dissipation and insulation stresses in the power system well above what occurs in the un-modulated pulse. Initial analysis of design data has shown that most of the major components of the power supplies are completely capable of providing the increased pulse length. Many of the power supplies have been in operation for over 20 years, so the emphasis of the effort on the power supplies is to make any modifications that will ensure reliability with the longer pulses into the foreseeable future. C1 [Pawley, C. J.; Scoville, J. T.; Hong, R. -M.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Stevenson, T.; Rossi, G.; Edwards, J.; von Halle, A.] Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Pawley, CJ (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM pawley@fusion.gat.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [FC02-04ER54698, DA-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DA-AC02-09CH11466. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 540 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200131 ER PT B AU Lawson, JE Marsala, R Ramakrishnan, S Zhao, X Sichta, P AF Lawson, J. E. Marsala, R. Ramakrishnan, S. Zhao, X. Sichta, P. GP IEEE TI UPGRADING THE TFTR TRANSREX POWER SUPPLIES SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE power supply; CAMAC; EPICS AB In order to provide improved and expanded experimental capabilities, the existing Transrex power supplies at PPPL are to be upgraded and modernized. Each of the 39 power supplies consists of two six pulse silicon controlled rectifier sections forming a twelve pulse power supply. The first modification is to split each supply into two independent six pulse supplies by replacing the existing obsolete twelve pulse firing generator with two commercially available six pulse firing generators. The second change replaces the existing control link with a faster system, with greater capacity, which will allow for independent control of all 78 power supply sections. The third change replaces the existing Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) based fault detector with an Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) compatible unit, eliminating the obsolete CAMAC modules. Finally the remaining relay logic and interfaces to the "Hardwired Control System" will be replaces with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). C1 [Lawson, J. E.; Marsala, R.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Zhao, X.; Sichta, P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lawson, JE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jlawson@pppl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 556 EP 558 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200135 ER PT B AU Stemprok, R Jackson, GL Cary, WP Campbell, GL Nagy, A AF Stemprok, R. Jackson, G. L. Cary, W. P. Campbell, G. L. Nagy, A. GP IEEE TI Operation of a Versatile Multi-power Supply System Driving Non-axisymmetric Coil Sets on the DIII-D Tokamak SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE power sypply; coil; linear amplifier AB We describe the development, and implementation of the DIII-D tokamak power supply system driving non-axisymmetric coil sets. The coil system operates in a broad range of 0 to 7 kA and dc up to 40 kHz using different combinations of power supplies. Three types of power supplies drive the tokamak's non-axisymmetric coil sets; variable unipolar quasi-dc SCR supplies, bi-polar switching power amplifiers, and linear amplifiers. The coils are used primarily for error field correction, resistive wall mode studies, and edge localized mode suppression. A versatile computer program generates the power supply coil interconnections in the patch panel area for a specific experiment. Control of individual coils, or combinations of coils, is accomplished using the plasma control system (PCS). An upgrade to a precision response of the high current unipolar SCR power supplies has been under development. We discuss routine operation, coil control using the PCS, and challenges in maintaining this complex system. C1 [Stemprok, R.; Jackson, G. L.; Cary, W. P.; Campbell, G. L.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Nagy, A.] Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Stemprok, R (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM stemprok@fusion.gat.com; nagy@fusion.gat.com FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC02-76CH03073. We would like to thank all DIII-D fusion for making this publication possible. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 567 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200138 ER PT B AU Woolley, RD AF Woolley, R. D. GP IEEE TI A Novel Demountable TF Joint Design for Low Aspect Ratio Spherical Torus Tokamaks SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB A novel shaped design for the radial conductors and demountable electrical joints connecting inner and outer legs of copper TF system conductors in low aspect ratio tokamaks is described and analysis results are presented. Specially shaped designs can optimize profiles of electrical current density, magnetic force, heating, and mechanical stress. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Woolley, RD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM woolley@pppl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200144 ER PT B AU Cadwallader, LC Bruyere, SA AF Cadwallader, L. C. Bruyere, S. A. GP IEEE TI Stack Monitor Operating Experience Review SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE stack monitoring; reliability; maintainability AB Stack monitors are used to sense radioactive particulates and gases in effluent air being vented from rooms of nuclear facilities. These monitors record the levels and types of effluents to the environment. This paper presents the results of a stack monitor operating experience review of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Occurrence Reporting and Processing System (ORPS) database records from the past 18 years. Regulations regarding these monitors are briefly described. Operating experiences reported by the U.S. DOE and in engineering literature sources were reviewed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of these monitors. Electrical faults, radiation instrumentation faults, and human errors are the three leading causes of failures. A representative "all modes" failure rate is 1E-04/hr. Repair time estimates vary from an average repair time of 17.5 hours (with spare parts on hand) to 160 hours (without spare parts on hand). These data should support the use of stack monitors in any nuclear facility, including the National Ignition Facility and the international ITER project. C1 [Cadwallader, L. C.; Bruyere, S. A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Cadwallader, LC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Lee.Cadwallader@inl.gov RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 619 EP 622 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200151 ER PT B AU Heitzenroeder, PJ Brooks, AW Chrzanowski, JH Dahlgren, F Hawryluk, RJ Loesser, GD Neumeyer, C Mansfield, C Cordier, JJ Campbell, D Johnson, GA Martin, A Rebut, PH Tao, JO Smith, JP Schaffer, M Humphreys, D Fogarty, PJ Nelson, BE Reed, RP AF Heitzenroeder, P. J. Brooks, A. W. Chrzanowski, J. H. Dahlgren, F. Hawryluk, R. J. Loesser, G. D. Neumeyer, C. Mansfield, C. Cordier, J. J. Campbell, D. Johnson, G. A. Martin, A. Rebut, P. H. Tao, J. O. Smith, J. P. Schaffer, M. Humphreys, D. Fogarty, P. J. Nelson, B. E. REED, R. P. GP IEEE TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE ITER IN-VESSEL COIL SYSTEMS SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS AB ELM mitigation is of particular importance in ITER in order to prevent rapid erosion or melting of the divertor surface, with the consequent risk of water leaks, increased plasma impurity content and disruptivity. Exploitable "natural" small or no ELM regimes might yet be found which extrapolate to ITER but this cannot be depended upon. Resonant Magnetic Perturbation has been added to pellet pacing as a tool for ITER to mitigate ELMs. Both are required, since neither method is fully developed and much work remains to be done. In addition, in-vessel coils enable vertical stabilization and RWM control. For these reasons, in-vessel coils (IVCs) are being designed for ITER to provide control of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) in addition to providing control of moderately unstable resistive wall modes (RWMs) and the vertical stability (VS) of the plasma. C1 [Heitzenroeder, P. J.; Brooks, A. W.; Chrzanowski, J. H.; Dahlgren, F.; Hawryluk, R. J.; Loesser, G. D.; Neumeyer, C.; Mansfield, C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Cordier, J. J.; Campbell, D.; Johnson, G. A.; Martin, A.; Rebut, P. H.; Tao, J. O.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Smith, J. P.; Schaffer, M.; Humphreys, D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Fogarty, P. J.; Nelson, B. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [REED, R. P.] Cryogen Mat Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heitzenroeder, PJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM pheitzen@pppl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-CH0911466] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-CH0911466) NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 643 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200157 ER PT B AU Khater, H Brereton, S AF Khater, Hesham Brereton, Sandra GP IEEE TI Radiological Assessment of Target Debris in the National Ignition Facility SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; NIF; ICF Target Debris; Hohlraum AB Detailed activation analysis and dose rate calculations are performed for the different materials under consideration for use in the target capsules and hohlraums used during the ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility. This analysis examined the impact of using Be-Cu and Ge-doped CH capsules on the external dose received by workers during maintenance activities. Five days following a 20 MJ shot, dose rates inside the Target Chamber (TC) due to the two proposed capsule materials are small (similar to 1 mu rem/h). Gold and depleted-uranium (DU) are considered as potential hohlraum materials. Following a shot, Au will most probably get deposited on the TC first wall. On the other hand, while noble-gas precursors from the DU are expected to stay in the TC, most of the noble gases are pumped out of the chamber and end up on the cryo-pumps. The dose rates inside the TC due to activated Au or DU, at 5 days following a 20 MJ shot, are about 1 mrem/h. Dose rates in the vicinity of the cryopumps (containing noble "fission" gases) drop-off to about 1 mrem/h during the first 12 hours following the shot. A wait period of about 12 hours is recommended before transporting the fission gases outside the Target Bay for radchem analysis. C1 [Khater, Hesham; Brereton, Sandra] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Khater, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-462, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM khater1@llnl.gov; brereton1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200163 ER PT B AU Wilson, PPH Sawan, ME Marriott, EP Ulrickson, MA AF Wilson, P. P. H. Sawan, M. E. Marriott, E. P. Ulrickson, M. A. GP IEEE TI Nuclear heating in critical components of alternative ITER first wall attachment mechanism SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE 3-D nuclear analysis; Monte Carlo AB A nuclear analysis was performed for an alternate ITER first wall attachment scheme to estimate the nuclear heating in critical components. With a variety of components near the first wall without direct cooling, there is concern that the operating temperatures will be above engineering limits. Using DAG-MCNT5, a 1-D analysis framework was used to estimate the nuclear heating in a detailed 3-D model of the first wall and shield attachment mechanism. The parts of the stainless steel hinge at the base of system experience nuclear heating between 1.85 and 5.07 W/cm(3). The copper yoke and Incone1-718 yoke pin experience a heat rate of 2.44 W/cm(3). If stainless steel bolts are used, the bolt heads will experience 2.9 W/cm(3), with only a small reduction from plugging the bolt access holes. If molybdenum bolts are used, the bolt head heating is increased to 3.4 W/cm(3). The heating in the hinge parts and stainless steel bolts is expected to lead to temperatures higher than engineering limits. Due to a higher thermal conductivity and melting temperature, the Mo bolts are expected to operate at acceptable temperatures. C1 [Wilson, P. P. H.; Sawan, M. E.; Marriott, E. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ulrickson, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Fus Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, PPH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wilsonp@engr.wisc.edu FU US ITER Organization through Sandia National Laboratories FX This work was sponsored in part by the US ITER Organization through Sandia National Laboratories. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 689 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200167 ER PT B AU Hahn, SH Choi, JH Jin, JK Jeon, YM Yoon, SW Kim, J Bae, YS Park, MK Park, KR Kim, YS Yang, HL Kim, WC Oh, YK Kwon, M Walker, ML Humphreys, DA Penaflor, BG Piglowski, DA Johnson, RD Welander, AS Leuer, JA Eidietis, NW Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL Mueller, D AF Hahn, Sang-hee Choi, J. H. Jin, J. K. Jeon, Y. M. Yoon, S. W. Kim, J. Bae, Y. S. Park, M. K. Park, K. R. Kim, Y. S. Yang, H. L. Kim, W. C. Oh, Y. K. Kwon, M. Walker, M. L. Humphreys, D. A. Penaflor, B. G. Piglowski, D. A. Johnson, R. D. Welander, A. S. Leuer, J. A. Eidietis, N. W. Hyatt, A. W. Jackson, G. L. Mueller, D. GP IEEE TI Design of Plasma Shape Control System for KSTAR tokamak SO 2009 23RD IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS ID CONSTRUCTION AB The development of the plasma shape control system of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak and Advanced Research (KSTAR) continues from the first utilization for plasma current/major radii to the full-scale utilizations of the poloidal superconducting magnets and the in-vessel stabilization coils for the highly elongated (kappa similar to 2.0) plasmas planned in 2009/2010. In this paper the shape control of KSTAR is analyzed as a complete integrated form, including the operation design and experiences. In the first plasma campaign held in 2008, the plasma shape control system has been prepared as part of the pulse operation controls for the first daily operation. A time-synchronized shot sequence supervisions and actuator integrations has been done by the full-digital centralization scheme via the EPICS communicating layers and the dedicated fast communication layers. In the end a reliable real-time plasma feedback system have been accomplished for making/sustaining plasma current and major radius. The status of the shape control upgrade proposed for upcoming years is shown as well as the actuator control developments and the newly-introduced in-vessel vertical stabilization control scheme. C1 [Hahn, Sang-hee; Choi, J. H.; Jin, J. K.; Jeon, Y. M.; Yoon, S. W.; Kim, J.; Bae, Y. S.; Park, M. K.; Park, K. R.; Kim, Y. S.; Yang, H. L.; Kim, W. C.; Oh, Y. K.; Kwon, M.] NFRI, 52 Eoun Dong, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Walker, M. L.; Humphreys, D. A.; Penaflor, B. G.; Piglowski, D. A.; Johnson, R. D.; Welander, A. S.; Leuer, J. A.; Eidietis, N. W.; Hyatt, A. W.; Jackson, G. L.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. [Mueller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Hahn, SH (reprint author), NFRI, 52 Eoun Dong, Taejon 305333, South Korea. EM hahn76@nfri.re.kr FU US-KSTAR collaboration program of US DOE; Korea Ministry of Education, Science and Technology FX This work has been supported by the US-KSTAR collaboration program of US DOE, and by Korea Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2635-5 PY 2009 BP 703 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOD16 UT WOS:000276231200170 ER PT S AU Oxstarnd, J Boring, RL AF Oxstarnd, Johanna Boring, Ronald Laurids GP IEEE TI Human Reliability for Design Applications at a Swedish Nuclear Power Plant Preliminary Findings and Principles from a User-Needs Analysis SO 2009 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS 2009) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems CY AUG 11-13, 2009 CL Idaho Falls, ID DE human reliabilty analysis; design; nuclear power plant; upgrade; modernization AB This paper presents work in progress on a project to develop a process for integrating human reliability analysis (HRA) into the design process used in nuclear power plant modernization and upgrade projects. Human factors, probabilistic risk, and human-system interface design experts were interviewed, resulting in six principles for the use of HRA in design. These principles are: (i) early implementation, (ii) tailored methods, (iii) scalable methods, (iv) better use of qualitative information, (v) HRA design criteria, and (vi) better HRA sensitivity to human-machine interface issues. Future efforts will center on adapting HRA techniques to meet these principles and implementing HRA as part of a plant upgrade process. C1 [Oxstarnd, Johanna] Vattenfall Ringhals AB, Human Performance Dept RQH, Varobacka, Sweden. [Boring, Ronald Laurids] Risk & Reliabil Anal Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oxstarnd, J (reprint author), Vattenfall Ringhals AB, Human Performance Dept RQH, Varobacka, Sweden. EM johanna.oxstrand@vattenfall.com; rlborin@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4244-4853-1 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2009 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BUN14 UT WOS:000289815600001 ER PT S AU Vollmer, T Manic, M AF Vollmer, Todd Manic, Milos GP IEEE TI Computationally Efficient Neural Network Intrusion Security Awareness SO 2009 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS 2009) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems CY AUG 11-13, 2009 CL Idaho Falls, ID DE Site security monitoring; command and control systems; neural networks; backpropagation AB An enhanced version of an algorithm to provide anomaly based intrusion detection alerts for cyber security state awareness is detailed. A unique aspect is the training of an error back-propagation neural network with intrusion detection rule features to provide a recognition basis. Ethernet network packet details are subsequently provided to the trained network to produce a classification. This leverages rule knowledge sets to produce classifications for anomaly based systems. Several test cases executed on ICMP protocol revealed a 60% identification rate of true positives. This rate matched the previous work, but 70% less memory was used and the run time was reduced to less than 1 second from 37 seconds. C1 [Vollmer, Todd] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Vollmer, T (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM denis.vollmer@inl.gov; misko@ieee.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4244-4853-1 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2009 BP 19 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BUN14 UT WOS:000289815600004 ER PT S AU Wright, JL Manic, M AF Wright, Jason L. Manic, Milos GP IEEE TI Time Synchronization in Hierarchical TESLA Wireless Sensor Networks SO 2009 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RESILIENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (ISRCS 2009) SE International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems CY AUG 11-13, 2009 CL Idaho Falls, ID AB Time synchronization and event time correlation are important in wireless sensor networks. In particular, time is used to create a sequence events or time line to answer questions of cause and effect. Time is also used as a basis for determining the freshness of received packets and the validity of cryptographic certificates. This paper presents secure method of time synchronization and event time correlation for TESLA-based hierarchical wireless sensor networks. The method demonstrates that events in a TESLA network can be accurately timestamped by adding only a few pieces of data to the existing protocol. C1 [Wright, Jason L.] Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Wright, JL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jlwright@ieee.org; misko@ieee.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-7994 BN 978-1-4244-4853-1 J9 INT SYMP RESIL CONTR PY 2009 BP 30 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BUN14 UT WOS:000289815600006 ER PT S AU Gennett, T Gillaspie, DT Reese, MO Simpson, LJ Pern, FJ Perkins, JD Ginley, DS AF Gennett, Thomas Gillaspie, Dane T. Reese, Matthew O. Simpson, Lin J. Pern, F. John Perkins, John D. Ginley, David S. GP IEEE TI HUMIDITY-RESISTANT HIGH-CONDUCTIVITY AMORPHOUS-InZnO TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID THIN-FILMS AB Sputtered, amorphous mixed metal transparent conductive oxides, TCOs, are of increasing interest. The TCOs have excellent opto-electronic properties and smoothness (R(RMS) < 0.5 nm) obtained for films deposited at 50-150 degrees C.(1) In the case of amorphous InZnO (a-InZnO) films grown from a ceramic target with 20 atomic % ZnO in In(2)O(3), conductivities sigma >= 2500 S/cm are common.(2-5) This project specifically centers on the combined materials phase space of oxygen stoichiometry and metals composition (In:Zn ratio) and their effect on the environmental stability and water permeability of the resultant transparent films. Amorphous IZO films deposited from a fixed composition target with a range of oxygen concentrations allowed for a comparison of the relative stability of various composition and conductivity. In the initial testing within an 85/85 chamber, the more conductive a-InZnO films with > 1000 S/cm, did not show any change in conductivity or transparency after 1000 hrs. In contrast a-InZnO films of comparable thickness and <0.01 S/cm while remaining transparent would improve in conductivity anywhere from 10% to over 2 orders of magnitude. These results establish the possibility that a-InZnO layers may be a viable replacement to traditional resistive and conductive ZnO layers and may find application as a transparent, non-organic barrier layer. C1 [Gennett, Thomas; Gillaspie, Dane T.; Reese, Matthew O.; Simpson, Lin J.; Pern, F. John; Perkins, John D.; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gennett, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 53 EP 55 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900011 ER PT S AU Li, JV Li, XN Kanevce, A Yan, YF Repins, I AF Li, Jian V. Li, Xiaonan Kanevce, Ana Yan, Yanfa Repins, Ingrid GP IEEE TI THE EFFECT OF ZnO REPLACEMENT BY ZnMgO ON ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) SOLAR CELLS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID BUFFER LAYERS; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE; CDS AB We studied the electrical properties and device performance of the Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) solar cell when i-ZnO is replaced by i-ZnMgO. Admittance spectroscopy reveals a deep level attributed to the i-ZnMgO/CdS interface. The capacitance voltage experiment indicates a pronounced reduction of carrier concentration in the p-CIGS absorber. Inserting a thin i-ZnO layer between i-ZnMgO and CdS completely removes the detrimental effect of the interface states and partially reverts the carrier concentration reduction effect. Device simulations indicate that the open circuit voltage is lowered due to the carrier concentration reduction while the fill factor is sensitive to the defects at the interface. C1 [Li, Jian V.; Li, Xiaonan; Kanevce, Ana; Yan, Yanfa; Repins, Ingrid] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, JV (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 86 EP 89 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900019 ER PT S AU Pan, J Kerr, L Li, XN Gulley-Stahl, HJ Sommer, AJ AF Pan, Jie Kerr, Lei Li, Xiaonan Gulley-Stahl, Heather J. Sommer, Andre J. GP IEEE TI INVESTIGATION OF ALUMINUM INDUCED DEGRADATION IN SPUTTERED AL:ZNO FOR CIGS SOLAR CELLS APPLICATIONS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID DAMP HEAT-STABILITY; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; DEVICES; ZNO AB The long term performance of Cu (In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar cells were strongly affected by their ability in withstanding surrounding weather change, including temperature, humidity, and light, etc. In Our experiment, we focused on the stability study of window layer materials of undoped ZnO (IZO) and Al:ZnO (AZO) using damp heat and dry heat treatment. We found that the Al dopant had enhanced the capture of moisture in ZnO, and thus caused the degradation in film optical, morphological and electrical properties. C1 [Pan, Jie; Kerr, Lei] Miami Univ, Dept Paper & Chem Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Li, Xiaonan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gulley-Stahl, Heather J.; Sommer, Andre J.] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Kerr, L (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Paper & Chem Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM kerrll@muohio.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 93 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900021 ER PT S AU Pasquarelli, R van Hest, M Miedaner, A Curtis, C Perkins, J Berry, J O'Hayre, R Ginley, D AF Pasquarelli, Robert van Hest, Maikel Miedaner, Alexander Curtis, Calvin Perkins, John Berry, Joseph O'Hayre, Ryan Ginley, David GP IEEE TI SOLUTION DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS IZO FILMS BY ULTRASONIC SPRAY PYROLYSIS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Atmospheric-pressure solution deposition of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO), amorphous indium-zinc oxide (alpha-IZO), was investigated as an alternative to traditional vacuum-based physical vapor deposition techniques for photovoltaic applications. Solution processing is attractive due to its ease and potential to lower device manufacturing costs. Here we report on alpha-IZO films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis from solutions of an indium-zinc formate (IZF) precursor. Thin, crack-free, amorphous IZO films with good optical transmittance (>75%) and conductivities of similar to 34 S/cm were produced from an IZF-HNO3-methanol ink using joint RTP and Ar-H-2 annealing. C1 [Pasquarelli, Robert; O'Hayre, Ryan] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [van Hest, Maikel; Miedaner, Alexander; Curtis, Calvin; Perkins, John; Berry, Joseph; Ginley, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pasquarelli, R (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI O'Hayre, Ryan/A-8183-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 98 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900022 ER PT S AU van Hest, MFAM Curtis, CJ Miedaner, A Pasquarelli, RM Kreuder, J Hersh, P Ginley, DS AF van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Curtis, Calvin J. Miedaner, Alex Pasquarelli, Robert M. Kreuder, John Hersh, Peter Ginley, David S. GP IEEE TI INKJET PRINTED CONTACTS FOR USE IN PHOTOVOLTAICS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Using direct-write approaches in photovoltaics for metallization and contact formation can significantly reduce the cost per watt of producing photovoltaic devices. Inks have been developed for various materials, such as Ag, Cu, Ni and Al, which can be used to inkjet print metallizations for various kinds of photovoltaic devices. Use of these inks results in metallization with resistivity close to those of bulk materials. By means of inkjet printing a metallization grid can be printed with better resolution, i.e. smaller lines, than screen-printing. For metallization on top of silicon photovoltaics also an ink has been developed that will facilitate the burn-through of the contact through the anti-reflection coating. Using this burn-through material may reduce the firing temperature by more than 100 degrees C compared to conventional contact technology. C1 [van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.; Curtis, Calvin J.; Miedaner, Alex; Pasquarelli, Robert M.; Kreuder, John; Hersh, Peter; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP van Hest, MFAM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 109 EP 111 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900025 ER PT S AU Finn, JR Hansen, BR Granata, JE AF Finn, Jason R. Hansen, Barry R. Granata, Jennifer E. GP IEEE TI MULTIPLE JUNCTION CELL CHARACTERIZATION USING THE LBIC METHOD: EARLY RESULTS, ISSUES, AND PATHWAYS TO IMPROVEMENT SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB A Light Beam Induced Current (LBIC) measurement is a non-destructive technique that produces a spatial graphical representation of current response in photovoltaic cells with respect to position when stimulated by a light beam. Generally, a laser beam is used for these measurements because the spot size can be made very small, on the order of microns, and very precise measurements can be made. Sandia National Laboratories Photovoltaic System Evaluation Laboratory (PSEL) uses its LBIC measurement technique to characterize single junction mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline solar cells ranging from miniature to conventional sizes. Sandia has modified the already valuable LBIC technique to enable multi-junction PV cells to be characterized. C1 [Finn, Jason R.; Hansen, Barry R.; Granata, Jennifer E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Finn, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900032 ER PT S AU Fraas, LM Avery, JE Strauch, JE Girard, G AF Fraas, L. M. Avery, J. E. Strauch, J. E. Girard, G. GP IEEE TI DUAL FOCUS CASSEGRAINIAN MODULE CAN ACHIEVE > 45% EFFICIENCY SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Various types of multijunction solar cells have now been demonstrated with energy conversion efficiencies over 40%. Higher cell efficiencies are still possible. NREL, Fraunhoffer and others have announced >40% Inverted metamorphic triple-junction (IMMTJ) InGaP/GaAs/GaInAs cells. One key feature of these cells is that the lowest bandgap cell is no longer a Ge cell. The IMMTJ lowest cell bandgap now allows for a 4(th) junction cell either integrated or separate. Herein, it is observed that the dual focus Cassegrainian (DFC) module can be fitted with a InGaP/GaAsP/InGaAs triple junction cell at its primary focus and with a GaSb or other IR sensitive cell at its secondary focus. This can allow a straight forward rapid path to a combined cell efficiency of >44%. The potential advantages of this configuration are, first, a rapid path to a combined cell efficiency of 44%, and second, given the fact that the heat load is divided into two locations, both cells will run cooler giving a higher module efficiency. C1 [Fraas, L. M.; Avery, J. E.] JX Crystals Inc, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. [Strauch, J. E.; Girard, G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fraas, LM (reprint author), JX Crystals Inc, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 144 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900033 ER PT S AU Wang, XT Waite, N Murcia, P Emery, K Steiner, M Kiamilev, F Goossen, K Honsberg, C Barnett, A AF Wang, Xiaoting Waite, Nick Murcia, Paola Emery, Keith Steiner, Myles Kiamilev, Fouad Goossen, Keith Honsberg, Christiana Barnett, Allen GP IEEE TI IMPROVED OUTDOOR MEASUREMENTS FOR VERY HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELL SUB-MODULES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Very High Efficiency Solar Cell (VHESC) program is developing integrated optical/photovoltaic modules for portable applications that operate at 50 percent efficiency. Test sub-modules incorporating four p-n junctions and corresponding optics have been realized and are predicted to realize efficiency greater than 40%. Phased implementation requires corresponding measurement to inspect accomplished work and provide improvement direction for the next step. The comparison between the real performance of the four-junction test sub-module and the theoretical prediction of its efficiency is a significant indication of the realizability of the final VHESC module including six junctions which is designed to achieve 50% efficiency. For the sub-module measurement, a test bed was set up for outdoor test. Previous outdoor measurements of the VHESC test sub-modules resulted in a preliminary sub-module efficiency of 36.2% [1]. As solar cells with better performance were fabricated, the measurement methodology was refined and corresponding improvements were made to the initial test bed. Three test sub-modules containing new solar cells were measured with the new test setup for three different concentration levels at University of Delaware (UD). One test sub-module demonstrated efficiency as high as 39.5%, coupled with 44.3% efficient solar cells and 89.1% efficient optics, at 30.48X concentration. The measurements were taken when the direct light intensity was over 860W/m(2) and the I-sc was not calibrated to 1000W/m(2). Another two test sub-modules including solar cells in the same batch as the ones tested at UD were taken to National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The I-SC data of the two test sub-modules were recorded outdoors at NREL when the direct light intensity was over 970 W/m(2). In addition, the Isc was calibrated to the standard spectrum condition using ASTM G173 direct data. Comparison of the results shows the difference between the test sub-module efficiency measured at UD and NREL is less than 4%. C1 [Wang, Xiaoting; Waite, Nick; Murcia, Paola; Kiamilev, Fouad; Goossen, Keith; Barnett, Allen] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Emery, Keith; Steiner, Myles] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Honsberg, Christiana] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Wang, XT (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM xiaoting@udel.edu FU U.S. Government Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HR0011-0709-0005] FX This research was, in part, funded by the U.S. Government Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Agreement No.: HR0011-0709-0005. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 223 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900048 ER PT S AU Call, NJ Johnston, SW Ahrenkiel, RK Romero, MJ Yang, B AF Call, Nathan J. Johnston, Steven W. Ahrenkiel, Richard K. Romero, Manuel J. Yang, Bobby GP IEEE TI Imaging of Shunts and Junction Breakdown in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Recently, there has been a great deal of work investigating shunting defects in silicon solar cells. With the advancements in such techniques as DLIT, EL, and PL, shunting behavior can now be correlated to specific locations and specific defects. Shunts, which decrease device performance, are revealed under a reverse applied bias. Many of these shunts also generate a photonic emission under reverse bias, which can be observed with visible and near-IR spectrum detectors. This photonic emission or radiative recombination is often referred to as a visible breakdown emission. We investigate if each type of impurity or crystallographic defect has a unique emission spectra that can be used to identify it. C1 [Call, Nathan J.; Johnston, Steven W.; Ahrenkiel, Richard K.; Romero, Manuel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Call, Nathan J.; Ahrenkiel, Richard K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mat Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yang, Bobby] Solaria, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Call, NJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DOE-AC36-08GO28308] FX We would like to thank Dr. Jian Li and Mr. Jerry Tynan for their assistance in the experimental setup, and Dr. Dean Levi for coordinating this work. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 255 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900054 ER PT S AU Alberi, K Martin, IT Shub, M Teplin, CW Iwaniczko, E Xu, YQ Duda, A Stradins, P Johnston, SW Romero, MJ Branz, HM Young, DL AF Alberi, Kirstin Martin, Ina T. Shub, Maxim Teplin, Charles W. Iwaniczko, Eugene Xu, Yueqin Duda, Anna Stradins, Paul Johnston, Steve W. Romero, Manuel J. Branz, Howard M. Young, David L. GP IEEE TI Epitaxial Film Silicon Solar Cells Fabricated by Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition Below 750 degrees C SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID LAYERS; GLASS AB We report the fabrication of film c-Si solar cells on Si wafer templates by hot wire chemical vapor deposition. These devices, grown at glass-compatible temperatures below 750 degrees C, demonstrate open-circuit voltages greater than 500 mV and efficiencies above 5%. Analysis of the device characteristics and quantum efficiency provides important information about the epitaxial c-Si absorber material quality as a function of growth temperature. C1 [Alberi, Kirstin; Martin, Ina T.; Shub, Maxim; Teplin, Charles W.; Iwaniczko, Eugene; Xu, Yueqin; Duda, Anna; Stradins, Paul; Johnston, Steve W.; Romero, Manuel J.; Branz, Howard M.; Young, David L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Alberi, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Martin, Ina/J-9484-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 359 EP 361 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900076 ER PT S AU Liu, FD Romero, MJ Jones, KM Kunz, O Wong, J Reedy, RC Aberle, AG Al-Jassim, MM AF Liu, Fude Romero, M. J. Jones, K. M. Kunz, O. Wong, J. Reedy, R. C. Aberle, A. G. Al-Jassim, M. M. GP IEEE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF EVAPORATED SOLID-PHASE CRYSTALLIZED SILICON THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS ON GLASS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID SI AB Following our previous study on the material-quality limiting factors of evaporated solid-phase crystallized (SPC) poly-Si thin films fabricated on planar glass for photovoltaic applications, we extend our study to investigate the impurity levels, optical properties, transport properties, and device performance of so-called "EVA" (EVAporated Si) solar cells. These potentially cost-effective cells are systematically characterized with electron microscopy-based techniques, external quantum efficiency, and standard current-voltage measurements. We conclude that 5% efficient cells are now attainable, and much room remains for further improving device performance. We are confident that 10%-efficient EVA solar cells will be realized in the future, with proper metallization schemes, good light trapping, and improved poly-Si film quality. C1 [Liu, Fude; Romero, M. J.; Jones, K. M.; Reedy, R. C.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kunz, O.; Wong, J.; Aberle, A. G.] Univ New South Wales, ARC Photovolta Ctr Excellence, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Aberle, A. G.] Natl Univ Singapore, Solar Energy Res Inst, Singapore 117576, Singapore. RP Liu, FD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308] FX F. Liu thanks Dr. Yanfa Yan at NREL for help with the FEI F20 TEM/STEM. O. Kunz and J. Wong acknowledge their Ph.D. scholarships from UNSW's Faculty of Engineering. The ARC Photovoltaics Centre of Excellence is supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC). At NREL, this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 412 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900088 ER PT S AU Deline, C AF Deline, Chris GP IEEE TI PARTIALLY SHADED OPERATION OF A GRID-TIED PV SYSTEM SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID ARRAYS; CONFIGURATIONS; PERFORMANCE; MODULE; CELLS AB Partial shading of a PV installation has a disproportionate impact on its power production. This paper presents background and experimental results from a single string grid-tied PV system, operated under a variety of shading conditions. In this configuration a shadow can represent a reduction in power over 30 times its physical size. Results are presented relating size and positions of shading to power reduction of the PV system. A simulation method is also described that provides an accurate description of shade based on a single site survey. This process can provide the basis for an accurate simulation of power reduction in a partially shaded PV system. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Deline, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900096 ER PT S AU Muller, M Rodriguez, J Marion, B AF Muller, Matthew Rodriguez, Jose Marion, Bill GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF A BIPV ROOFING TILE SYSTEM IN TWO MOUNTING CONFIGURATIONS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB This paper examines the performance of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofing system commonly available to residential markets. In particular polycrystalline Si PV roofing tiles were integrated with concrete roofing tiles in two mounting configurations being used by roofing contractors. In the first configuration the tiles were directly mounted to the roof sheeting allowing little to no airflow under the PV modules. In the second configuration furring strips were attached to the roof deck to create a counter-batten system to which the roofing and PV tiles mount. This counter-batten system provides an air gap between the roof deck and the PV/concrete tiles which allows for convective cooling. A complete data acquisition system was applied to both mounting configurations and they were monitored for a summer period in Golden, Colorado. A performance comparison is presented for the systems while both are gauged against freestanding rack-mounted polycrystalline Si PV modules. As expected, modules mounted directly to the deck operated at higher temperatures and produced less power than those on a counter-batten system while both systems operated at higher temperatures than rack-mounted modules. C1 [Muller, Matthew; Rodriguez, Jose; Marion, Bill] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900105 ER PT S AU Warner, C Farrar-Nagy, S Wassmer, M Stafford, B King, R Sanchez, SV Ubinas, ER Cronemberger, J Maria-Tome, JS AF Warner, Cecile Farrar-Nagy, Sara Wassmer, Michael Stafford, Byron King, Richard Vega Sanchez, Sergio Rodriguez Ubinas, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Serra Maria-Tome, Javier GP IEEE TI THE 2009 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SOLAR DECATHLON AND THE 2010 EUROPEAN SOLAR DECATHLON-EXPANDING THE GLOBAL REACH OF ZERO ENERGY HOMES THROUGH COLLEGIATE COMPETITIONS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Beginning with the first event in Washington, DC in 2002, the Department of Energy's Solar Decathlon has brought attention to the promise of PV-powered, zero-energy homes through the format, of a riveting collegiate competition [1-3]. As an internationally recognized event, it demonstrates innovative solutions-using energy efficiently and generating the needs of modern domestic life with solar energy. At the 2007 event (the third Solar Decathlon), a new era of the competition was conceived, in which the U.S. Department of Energy's event (produced and managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) would be complemented by a European Solar Decathlon in Madrid, with each competition to be held in alternating years. Each of these upcoming events is described. C1 [Warner, Cecile; Farrar-Nagy, Sara; Wassmer, Michael; Stafford, Byron] NREL, Golden, CO USA. RP Warner, C (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 555 EP 559 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900116 ER PT S AU Pookpanratana, S Repins, I Bar, M Felix, R Blum, M Weinhardt, L Yang, W Denlinger, JD Contreras, MA Heske, C AF Pookpanratana, S. Repins, I. Baer, M. Felix, R. Blum, M. Weinhardt, L. Yang, W. Denlinger, J. D. Contreras, M. A. Heske, C. GP IEEE TI Spectroscopic Analysis of the Chemical Structure at the CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Interface in High-Efficiency Solar Cell Devices SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID HETEROJUNCTION AB High-efficiency Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 (CIGSe)-based solar cells utilize a CdS buffer layer between the window and the chalcopyrite absorber. Soft x-ray spectroscopies were employed to investigate the chemical properties of the CdS/CIGSe interface and its dependence on the details of the chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS. We have investigated the CdS/CIGSe interface after various CdS CBD times (0, 4, and 12.5 minutes). We find evidence for the presence of Cd(OH)(2) at the CdS/CIGSe surface for the thickest CdS sample. C1 [Pookpanratana, S.; Baer, M.; Felix, R.; Blum, M.; Heske, C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Repins, I.; Contreras, M. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Baer, M.; Felix, R.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, Solar Energy Res, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Weinhardt, L.] Univ Wurzburg, Expt Phys 2, Wurzburg, Germany. [Yang, W.; Denlinger, J. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pookpanratana, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013 FU National Renewable Energy Lab [XXL-54420512]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge funding by the National Renewable Energy Lab under subcontract XXL-54420512. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the DOE under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 583 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900122 ER PT S AU Duenow, JN Barnes, TM Dhere, RG Bergeson, JD Larson, BA Blackburn, JL Duda, A Teeter, G Gessert, TA AF Duenow, Joel N. Barnes, Teresa M. Dhere, Ramesh G. Bergeson, Jeremy D. Larson, Brian A. Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Duda, Anna Teeter, Glenn Gessert, Timothy A. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF TRANSPARENT BACK CONTACTS FOR CdTe TOP CELLS IN TANDEM THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID CARBON-NANOTUBE FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; POLYCRYSTALLINE AB Two-junction tandem thin-film photovoltaic cells are composed of a wide-bandgap top cell overlying a narrower-bandgap bottom cell. CdTe, with a bandgap of 1.5 eV, can function effectively as a top cell when paired with a bottom cell of appropriate bandgap. Effective two-junction cells require a back contact to the top cell that is transparent to the sub-bandgap radiation absorbed by the bottom cell. In this study, we fabricate CdTe top cells with transparent back contacts. We form the ohmic contact to CdTe by using semi-transparent Cu-doped ZnTe as the back-contact interface layer. We compare Al-doped ZnO, indium tin oxide, and single-wall carbon nanotube networks for use as the final transparent conductor. These transparent cells demonstrate device efficiencies comparable to those of control devices using the standard Ti metallization. C1 [Duenow, Joel N.; Barnes, Teresa M.; Dhere, Ramesh G.; Bergeson, Jeremy D.; Larson, Brian A.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Duda, Anna; Teeter, Glenn; Gessert, Timothy A.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Duenow, JN (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 693 EP 697 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900145 ER PT S AU Perkins, JD Gennett, T van Hest, MFAM Gedvilas, LM Ginley, DS AF Perkins, J. D. Gennett, T. van Hest, M. F. A. M. Gedvilas, L. M. Ginley, D. S. GP IEEE TI OPTICAL ABSORPTION AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN AMORPHOUS IN-ZN-O: A NEW TCO FOR CIGS PV SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB We report the coupled optical and electrical properties of a-IZO films as a function of both the metals composition and the %O(2) in the Ar/O(2) sputter gas mix. In particular, a-IZO films with conductivity sigma > 2000 S/cm can be grown for a broad range of metals compositions (60 to 85 at.% In) as long as the corresponding optimal oxygen level is used in the deposition. The amount of oxygen required increases with increasing indium content. When too much oxygen is used, the a-IZO remains clear but the conductivity is reduced due to a decreased carrier concentration. Whereas, when too little oxygen is used, the conductivity is reduced due to decreased electron mobility and there is a concurrent increase in the optical absorption from 400 to 1000 nm which renders the oxygen deficient a-IZO samples gray. C1 [Perkins, J. D.; Gennett, T.; van Hest, M. F. A. M.; Gedvilas, L. M.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 704 EP 706 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900147 ER PT S AU Riley, DM Cameron, CP Jacob, JA Granata, JE Galbraith, GM AF Riley, Daniel M. Cameron, Christopher P. Jacob, Joshua A. Granata, Jennifer E. Galbraith, Gary M. GP IEEE TI QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF AVERAGING AND SAMPLING RATES ON PV SYSTEM AND WEATHER DATA SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB When modeling photovoltaic (PV) system performance data, modelers typically reduce the amount of data analyzed by reducing the sampling frequency below the maximum sampling frequency of their instruments (under-sampling), averaging a number of samples together, or a combination of these two methods. A sampling frequency which is too low may not provide enough fidelity to accurately model system performance, while a sampling frequency which is too high may provide unnecessarily high data fidelity and increase file size and processing complexity. This paper strives to quantify the errors caused by reduced sampling and averaging frequencies through the comparison of modeled high temporal resolution weather data and low resolution weather data. C1 [Riley, Daniel M.; Cameron, Christopher P.; Jacob, Joshua A.; Granata, Jennifer E.; Galbraith, Gary M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riley, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 738 EP 743 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900154 ER PT S AU Hanley, C Peek, G Boyes, J Klise, G Stein, J Ton, D Duong, T AF Hanley, Charles Peek, Georgianne Boyes, John Klise, Geoff Stein, Joshua Ton, Dan Duong, Tien GP IEEE TI TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR INTEGRATED GRID-CONNECTED PV SYSTEMS AND ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES; LITHIUM-ION CELLS; LIFE PREDICTION; SIMULATION AB Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories and the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Energy Technologies Program assessed status and needs related to optimizing the integration of electrical energy storage and grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. At high levels of PV penetration on our electric grid, reliable and economical distributed energy storage will eliminate the need for backup utility generation capacity to offset the intermittent nature of PV generation. This paper summarizes the status of various storage technologies in the context of PV system integration, addressing applications, benefits, costs, and technology limitations. It then discusses further research and development needs, with an emphasis on new models, systems analysis tools, and even business models for high penetration of PV-storage systems on a national scale. C1 [Hanley, Charles; Peek, Georgianne; Boyes, John; Klise, Geoff; Stein, Joshua] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ton, Dan; Duong, Tien] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanley, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 744 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900155 ER PT S AU McNutt, P Hambrick, J Keesee, M AF McNutt, Peter Hambrick, Josh Keesee, Mike GP IEEE TI EFFECTS OF PHOTOVOLTAICS ON DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VOLTAGE REGULATION SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc DE Photovoltaic (PV); Distribution System; Voltage Regulation AB As grid-integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems become more prevalent, utilities want to determine if, and at what point, PV systems might begin to negatively impact the voltage regulation of their distribution systems. This paper will briefly describe voltage regulation methods in a utility distribution system. It will also take a preliminary look at the distribution impacts of high penetrations of grid-integrated PV systems being installed and operated in a Sacramento Municipal Utility District community. In particular, the issue of excessive service voltage and excessive substation voltage due to the reverse power flow from exporting PV systems will be examined. We will also compare measured data against modeled data. C1 [McNutt, Peter; Hambrick, Josh] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 15013 USA. [Keesee, Mike] Sacramento Municipal Util District, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP McNutt, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 15013 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DO-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DO-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Chuck Thompson; David L. Brown, Senior Member IEEE, P.E.; and Benjamin Kroposki, Senior Member IEEE, PhD, P.E. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 750 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900156 ER PT S AU Al-Thani, HA Hasoon, FS AF Al-Thani, Hamda A. Hasoon, Falah S. GP IEEE TI The Structural Evolution of CGS Thin Film during Three-Stage Deposition Process SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; CU(IN,GA)SE-2 AB CGS thin films were deposited on Molybdenum coated soda lime glass (Mo/SLG) substrates, using physical vapor deposition (PVD) 3-stage process. In order to study the evolution of the CGS growth process and the Na out-diffusion in the CGS films from SLG substrates, the structural phase transitions were traced in the CGS films indicated by multiple exothermic reactions that occur during the growth process. The CGS films' structure was examined and the films' growth phase was identified by applying theta/2 theta X-Ray Diffraction characterization technique. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was also applied to depth profile the Na in the CGS/Mo/SLG films. C1 [Al-Thani, Hamda A.] Natl Energy & Water Res Ctr, POB 54111, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Hasoon, Falah S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Al-Thani, HA (reprint author), Natl Energy & Water Res Ctr, POB 54111, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 851 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900181 ER PT S AU Dwyer, D Repins, I Efstathiadis, H Halder, P AF Dwyer, Daniel Repins, Ingrid Efstathiadis, Harry Halder, Pradeep GP IEEE TI DEPOSITION OF CuInAlSe2 FILMS USING CO-SPUTTERED PRECURSORS AND SELENIZATION SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; DEVICES AB CuInAl precursor films with varying Al/(Al+In) ratios were co-sputtered onto Mo coated soda-lime glass substrates. Samples were then selenized under high vacuum using thermally evaporated elemental selenium. Single-step and two-step selenization heating profiles were investigated. Single-step samples resulted in better Mo-CuInAlSe2 adhesion than those selenized using the two-step approach. Precursor and selenized films were characterized for composition, crystalline structure, surface morphology, and composition with depth. The development of a method to co-sputtered CuInAl precursors is discussed, as well as the effect of selenization temperature and heating profile on selenized film properties. C1 [Dwyer, Daniel; Efstathiadis, Harry; Halder, Pradeep] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Repins, Ingrid] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dwyer, D (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. FU New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR) FX This work was supported by the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR). The author would also like to thank Richard Moore at CNSE for useful discussions on AES results. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 872 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900185 ER PT S AU Pern, FJ Egaas, B To, B Jiang, CS Li, JV Glynn, S DeHart, C AF Pern, F. J. Egaas, B. To, B. Jiang, C. -S. Li, Jian V. Glynn, S. DeHart, C. GP IEEE TI A STUDY ON THE HUMIDITY SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THIN-FILM CIGS ABSORBER SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 SOLAR-CELLS; DAMP-HEAT; V CHARACTERISTICS; STABILITY; MICROSCOPY AB The susceptibility of a thermally co-evaporated CuInGaSe(2) (CIGS) thin-film absorber to humidity and its consequence on composition, morphology, electrical and electronic properties, and device efficiency was investigated. CIGS films on Mo-coated soda lime glass were degraded either in the ambient at similar to 21 degrees C and similar to 21% relative humidity (RH) for a period of several months or in damp heat (DH) at 85 degrees C and 85% RH briefly for 15-30 min; then the films were processed simultaneously into devices in a batch that included an unexposed control. In addition to severe delamination on some samples of the absorber films, prolonged ambient exposure resulted in numerous "spot" formations that lost CIGS with scale-like disintegration rippling around the spots and showed a significant presence of Na. Exposure in DH for 5 h was able to reproduce the spot formations on the CIGS films. A significant to large decrease of cell efficiency was observed from 14%-16% for the unexposed control to 8%-11% for the CIGS absorber exposed in DH for 15 and 30 min and 1%-4%% for the ambient-degraded CIGS with high series resistance and very low shunt resistance. C1 [Pern, F. J.; Egaas, B.; To, B.; Jiang, C. -S.; Li, Jian V.; Glynn, S.; DeHart, C.] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 894 EP 899 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900192 ER PT S AU Kaul, A Vasekar, P Dhere, NG Moutinho, H AF Kaul, Ashwani Vasekar, Parag Dhere, Neelkanth G. Moutinho, Helio GP IEEE TI BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF SODIUM ON CuIn1-xGaxS2 THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID COEVAPORATION; GROWTH AB Chalcopyrites are important contenders among solar cell technologies due to their direct band gaps and high absorption coefficients. Copper indium gallium sulfide, CuIn1-xGaxS2 (CIGS2) thin films have been grown by sulfurization with copper rich compositions. However, the desired free carrier concentration range of 10(16)-10(17)/cm(3) can be achieved fairly easily with copper deficient compositions avoiding the toxic etching process. Due to the unavailability of cuprous sulfide which acts as a fluxing agent in copper rich films and is responsible for better film morphology, it is difficult to produce device quality films in copper deficient compositions. The effects of sodium addition on the film microstructure and the device performance are being studied. C1 [Kaul, Ashwani; Vasekar, Parag; Dhere, Neelkanth G.] Florida Solar Energy Ctr, 1679 Clearlake Rd, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. [Moutinho, Helio] natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Kaul, A (reprint author), Florida Solar Energy Ctr, 1679 Clearlake Rd, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. FU NREL; US Department of Energy through NREL Thin Film Partnership Program FX This research was supported by NREL, US Department of Energy through the NREL Thin Film Partnership Program. The authors are thankful to Bobby To from NREL and AMPAC Materials Characterization Facility at UCF. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 915 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900197 ER PT S AU Hacke, P Gee, J Kumar, P Howarth, J Gonzales, V Pratt, L Strumpel, C Dominguez, J Franklin, J Lopez, G Corwine, C Dawson, L AF Hacke, Peter Gee, James Kumar, Prabhat Howarth, James Gonzales, Victoria Pratt, Larry Struempel, Claudia Dominguez, Jason Franklin, Jeff Lopez, Gabe Corwine, Caroline Dawson, Lon GP IEEE TI OPTIMIZED EMITTER WRAP-THROUGH CELLS FOR MONOLITHIC MODULE ASSEMBLY SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Migration from the previous generation of Advent Solar emitter wrap-through (EWT) cells to the current technology platform based on 243 cm(2) multicrystalline Si cells and monolithically interconnected cell and encapsulated modules has brought with it significant performance increases. Extraction of current from multiple contact pads distributed on the cell rear, optimization of the emitter through-holes, and reduction of through-hole lengths associated with moving to thinner silicon wafers has led to significantly reduced series resistance. Ag metallization costs are also lowered because of the reduction of grid finger lengths. Improved isolation between interdigitated p and n regions on the cell rear has lead to negligible shunt resistance losses. This, in combination with understanding of diode recombination losses, passivation, and optimization of Si material for the cell design through appropriate choice of base resistivity has lead to a greater than one percent absolute efficiency improvement over previous generation EWT cells, with best multicrystalline Si cells producing 17% conversion efficiency using the regular production processes. Additional improvements to efficiency are obtained with the implementation of texturing. These efficiency gains are further leveraged on the module level by the reduction of series resistance losses associated with the backplane interconnect design compared to conventionally interconnected front-side contacted cells. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Hacke, Peter; Gee, James; Kumar, Prabhat; Howarth, James; Gonzales, Victoria; Pratt, Larry; Struempel, Claudia; Dominguez, Jason; Franklin, Jeff; Lopez, Gabe; Corwine, Caroline; Dawson, Lon] Advent Solar Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Hacke, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM peter.hacke@nrel.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 942 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900203 ER PT S AU Nielson, GN Okandan, M Resnick, P Cruz-Campa, JL Pluym, T Clews, PJ Steenbergen, E Gupta, VP AF Nielson, Gregory N. Okandan, Murat Resnick, Paul Cruz-Campa, Jose L. Pluym, Tammy Clews, Peggy J. Steenbergen, Elizabeth Gupta, Vipin P. GP IEEE TI MICROSCALE C-SI (C)PV CELLS FOR LOW-COST POWER SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID CRYSTALLINE SILICON; CAPILLARY FORCES; SOLAR-CELLS; COMPONENTS AB We are exploring fabrication and assembly concepts developed for Microsystems/MEMS technology to reduce the cost of solar PV power. These methods have the potential to reduce many system level costs of current PV systems including, among others, silicon material costs, module assembly costs, and installation costs. We have demonstrated a direct c-Si material reduction of approximately 20X (including wire-saw kerf loss and polishing loss). The cells have achieved efficiencies of almost 9% and J(sc) of 30 mA/cm(2). We are currently using integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication tools that will lead to higher efficiencies and improved yield. These advantages and the material reduction are expected to reduce the current module manufacturing costs. C1 [Nielson, Gregory N.; Okandan, Murat; Resnick, Paul; Cruz-Campa, Jose L.; Pluym, Tammy; Clews, Peggy J.; Steenbergen, Elizabeth; Gupta, Vipin P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 988 EP 993 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900213 ER PT S AU Fthenakis, V Kim, HC Gualtero, S Bourtsalas, A AF Fthenakis, V. Kim, H. C. Gualtero, S. Bourtsalas, A. GP IEEE TI NANOMATERIALS IN PV MANUFACTURE: SOME LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL- AND HEALTH-CONSIDERATIONS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; SOLAR-CELLS AB The potential benefits of using nanomaterials in PV manufacture triggered a recent surge of research and development in this area. Nevertheless, the environmental- and health-implications of using them are not delineated fully. In this study, we present and discuss the potential life-cycle energy uses and hazards of three photovoltaic (PV) designs based on nanotechnology, i.e., multi-junction amorphous silicon, nano cadmium telluride, and nano silver paste contact. Preliminary estimates indicate that nanotechnology- based PV designs use substantially more energy in producing the material and fabricating the device than do the current methodologies, particularly when coupled with the current immature, laboratory-scale processes. In addition, using nano-size forms of cadmium telluride and silver may introduce new hazards. These preliminary conclusions may change if the processes are scaled up fully for mass production, emphasizing the importance of timely updates on this topic. C1 [Fthenakis, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, PV Environm Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, PV Environm Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU EPA STAR program [RD-8333340]; USDOE [DE-AC02-76CH000016] FX This research is supported from the EPA STAR program under grant # RD-8333340 to CU, and from the USDOE Contract DE-AC02-76CH000016 to BNL. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1068 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900232 ER PT S AU Mitchell, R Keyes, B Ullal, H von Roedern, B VanSant, K Symko-Davies, M Stephens, S AF Mitchell, Richard Keyes, Brian Ullal, Harin von Roedern, Bolko VanSant, Kaitlyn Symko-Davies, Martha Stephens, Scott GP IEEE TI THE PV TECHNOLOGY INCUBATOR PROJECT SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB The PV Technology Incubator is structured to allow the utmost in flexible, innovative approaches targeted at research and development of photovoltaic (PV) systems and component prototypes to achieve prototype modules and pilot production. The PV Incubator project receives funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and funding opportunities are cyclical. The PV Incubator project targets small businesses that have demonstrated a proof-of-concept/process in a laboratory, but still need to overcome significant barriers before they can achieve commercialization. After 18 months of funding, a successful project is expected to be able to enter the market in the 2011 timeframe at a price point that enables electricity close to grid parity. C1 [Mitchell, Richard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Stephens, Scott] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Mitchell, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-AC3608G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC3608G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1074 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900233 ER PT S AU Brown, GF Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Wu, J AF Brown, G. F. Ager, J. W., III Walukiewicz, W. Wu, J. GP IEEE TI Numerical Simulations of Novel InGaN Solar Cells SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID BAND-GAP; INN; ALLOYS AB Finite element simulations of novel InGaN solar cells, requiring no p-type InGaN, were carried out using the commercial software package APSYS. Simulations show that efficient, compositionally graded p-GaN/nInsGal-.N solar cells can be achieved, provided the graded layer is confined within the depletion region. These compositionally graded solar cells can be used as the top cell in an InGaN/Si double-junction cell to achieve AM 1.5 efficiencies over 27% using realistic material parameters. C1 [Brown, G. F.; Wu, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, G. F.; Ager, J. W., III; Walukiewicz, W.; Wu, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148 FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0425914]; LDRD grant from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC-0425914, and a LDRD grant from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. JWA was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1092 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900237 ER PT S AU Bosco, N Sweet, C Kurtz, S AF Bosco, Nick Sweet, Cassi Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Reliability Testing the Die-Attach of CPV Cell Assemblies SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID FATIGUE AB Results and progress are reported for a course of work to establish an efficient reliability test for the die-attach of CPV cell assemblies. Test vehicle design consists of a similar to 1 cm(2) multijunction cell attached to a substrate via several processes. A thermal cycling sequence is developed in a test-to-failure protocol. Methods of detecting a failed or failing joint are prerequisite for this work; therefore both in-situ and non-destructive methods, including infrared imaging techniques, are being explored as a method to quickly detect non-ideal or failing bonds. C1 [Bosco, Nick; Sweet, Cassi; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bosco, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1163 EP 1168 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900253 ER PT S AU Coddington, M Kroposki, B Basso, T Lynn, K Vaziri, M AF Coddington, Michael Kroposki, Benjamin Basso, Thomas Lynn, Kevin Vaziri, Mohammad GP IEEE TI PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTED ONTO SECONDARY NETWORK DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB While the number of PV systems interconnected to the electric grid has increased significantly over the last decade, only recently have PV systems been installed in major metropolitan areas and tied to electric distribution secondary network systems (networks). This paper examines six cases studies of photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated into secondary network systems. The six PV systems were chosen for evaluation because they are interconnected successfully to secondary network systems located in four major U.S. Cities. C1 [Coddington, Michael; Kroposki, Benjamin; Basso, Thomas] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Coddington, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1202 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900261 ER PT S AU van Schilfgaarde, M Newman, N Peshek, TJ Coutts, TJ Gessert, TA AF van Schilfgaarde, M. Newman, N. Peshek, T. J. Coutts, T. J. Gessert, T. A. GP IEEE TI Mg-IV-V CHALCOPYRITES IN THIN FILM TANDEM PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID GROWTH AB Tandem cells made out II-IV-V chalcopyrites consisting of alloys and compounds of (Mg,Zn,Cd)(Si,Ge,Sn)(P,As)(2) are a unique set of candidate materials, that can potentially be optimal for solar cell design. While the Zn- and Cd- based compounds have all been synthesized, little is known about the Mg compounds. We analyze the energy band structure theoretically using a recently developed Quasiparticle Self-consistent GW theory, which enables us to accurately address the electronic structure from first principles. C1 [van Schilfgaarde, M.; Newman, N.; Peshek, T. J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Peshek, T. J.; Coutts, T. J.; Gessert, T. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP van Schilfgaarde, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU DOE-EERE [DE-FG36-08GO18002] FX This project was supported by DOE-EERE grant DE-FG36-08GO18002 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1300 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900283 ER PT S AU Dhere, R Fluegel, B Mascarenhas, A Duenow, J Gessert, T AF Dhere, Ramesh Fluegel, Brian Mascarenhas, Angelo Duenow, Joel Gessert, Tim GP IEEE TI INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND IMPURITIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF CdTe USING MICROSCOPIC TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOLUMINESCENCE IMAGING TECHNIQUE SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB We fabricated glass/SnO(2)/CdS/CdTe samples with 100-nm-thick CdS by chemical-bath deposition and 8-mm-thick CdTe by close-spaced sublimation. A CdCl(2) heat treatment was done in the presence of CdCl(2) vapor at 400 degrees C for 5 min. Our photoluminescence (PL) mapping is a direct-imaging technique in which the entire two-dimensional sample surface is imaged onto an electron-multiplying-CCD camera. PL at 850 nm corresponds to 1.458 eV, i.e., a Te-rich CdS(x)Te(1-x) alloy. For the as-deposited sample, the PL intensity is higher at the grain boundaries, indicating a higher concentration of the alloy in the grain-boundary region. The PL intensity image for 900 nm (1.38 eV) is similar to that of the 850-nm image. This indicates that Te-rich CdS(x)Te(1-x) is segregated preferentially in the grain-boundary region. PL images of the same area at 740 and 800 nm show widespread bright spots with a uniform background that is brighter for the 800-nm image. Results for the CdCl(2)-treated samples for the 850- and 900-nm PL are similar to the as-deposited sample; however, the PL intensity is almost 5 times higher when the brighter regions are compared. This indicates a similar accumulation of Te-rich alloy for the CdCl(2)-treated sample as well, but with reduced nonradiative recombination and/or higher degree of alloying. The PL at 740 nm is similar to the as-deposited sample but with higher intensity (2.5 times) again, indicating lower nonradiative recombination. C1 [Dhere, Ramesh; Fluegel, Brian; Mascarenhas, Angelo; Duenow, Joel; Gessert, Tim] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dhere, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1342 EP 1346 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900292 ER PT S AU Peshek, TJ Tang, Z Zhang, L Singh, RK To, B Gessert, TA Coutts, TJ Newman, N van Schilfgaarde, M AF Peshek, T. J. Tang, Z. Zhang, L. Singh, R. K. To, B. Gessert, T. A. Coutts, T. J. Newman, N. van Schilfgaarde, M. GP IEEE TI ZnGeAs2 THIN FILMS PROPERTIES: A POTENTIALLY USEFUL SEMICONDUCTOR FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH AB We have studied the chalcopyrite compound ZnGeAs2 to access its potential as a novel photovoltaic material. Thin films of ZnGeAs2 have been produced by pulsed laser depositionThe films are deposited at 315 degrees C and are amorphous. They crystallize above 450 degrees C and improve in crystallinity up to and including 600 degrees C. At that temperature the Hall mobility is 55 +/- 2 cm(2)/Vs which is within uncertainty to the highest mobility ever reported for this material. We find a rather high carrier concentration, of order 10(18) - 10(19) for the annealed films, presumably due to the presence of Zn vacancies. The material is an effective light absorber, with an absorption coefficient of order 10(4) 1/cm at 1.2 eV. These properties suggest ZnGeAs2 may be used to produce cost effective and efficient solar cells. C1 [Peshek, T. J.; Tang, Z.; Zhang, L.; Singh, R. K.; Newman, N.; van Schilfgaarde, M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [To, B.; Gessert, T. A.; Coutts, T. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Peshek, TJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU DOE-EERE [DE-FG36-08GO18002] FX This project was supported by DOE-EERE grant DE-FG36-08GO18002. This abstract is subject to government rights. The use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science (LE-CSSS) at Arizona State University is acknowledged. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1381 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900300 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Budhraja, V Rupnowski, P Johnston, S Call, N Moutinho, H Al-Jassim, M AF Sopori, B. Budhraja, V. Rupnowski, P. Johnston, S. Call, N. Moutinho, H. Al-Jassim, M. GP IEEE TI Defect Clusters in Multicrystalline Silicon: Their Nature and Influence on the Solar Cell Performance SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB This paper presents theoretical and experimental results of our studies to determine the performance limitations set by defect clusters (DCs) in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. DCs in mc-Si wafers are manifested as spatially localized, large regions of high dislocation density, around grains of certain preferred orientations. The presence of DCs strongly influences material properties and cell performance. The objective of our comprehensive study is to understand their nature, influence on cell performance, and to assess the performance improvement that can be realized if the influence of DCs can be eliminated. The effect of grain orientation on the defect density is also investigated. Finally, we explore possibilities of eliminating the formation of DCs during crystal growth or treating them during cell processing to minimize their electronic influence. C1 [Sopori, B.; Budhraja, V.; Rupnowski, P.; Johnston, S.; Call, N.; Moutinho, H.; Al-Jassim, M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1496 EP 1501 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900325 ER PT S AU Yuan, HC Yost, VE Page, MR Roybal, L To, B Stradins, P Meier, DL Branz, HM AF Yuan, Hao-Chih Yost, Vernon E. Page, Matthew R. Roybal, Lorenzo To, Bobby Stradins, Paul Meier, Daniel L. Branz, Howard M. GP IEEE TI EFFICIENT BLACK SILICON SOLAR CELLS WITH NANOPOROUS ANTI-REFLECTION MADE IN A SINGLE-STEP LIQUID ETCH SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB We fabricated black silicon solar cells with conversion efficiency of 16.8% on p-type single crystal Si wafers with a conventional diffused emitter and Al back-surface field (BSF). We replaced the anti-reflection coating step with a single 3-minute 'black-silicon' etch of the bare wafer before processing. The nanoporous black-silicon layer, about 300-nm thick is produced in a 3-minute single-step liquid etch based upon catalysis by Au nano-particles formed in a solution containing HF and H(2)O(2). Solar cell reflectance is well below 5% at incident wavelengths from 350 to 1000 nm. We present reflectance versus time data during this simple single-step etching. We also characterize cell performance and find that recombination in the black silicon surface layer must still be reduced. C1 [Yuan, Hao-Chih; Yost, Vernon E.; Page, Matthew R.; Roybal, Lorenzo; To, Bobby; Stradins, Paul; Meier, Daniel L.; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yuan, HC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1508 EP 1512 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900327 ER PT S AU Kuszmaul, SS Gonzalez, S Ellis, A Serban, E AF Kuszmaul, Scott S. Gonzalez, Sigifredo Ellis, Abraham Serban, Emanuel GP IEEE TI COMMANDING INVERTERS TO ESTABLISH COORDINATED mu Grid FUNCTIONALITY AT SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Expanded testing capabilities at Sandia National Laboratories Distributed Energy Technologies Lab (DETL) now include a single phase mu Grid research test bed platform. This reconfigurable mu Grid topology test bed platform is being utilized to evaluate control strategies and communication algorithms and associated issues applicable to high penetration of distributed resources on the grid. To demonstrate coordinated mu Grid functionality, battery based Xantrex inverters were integrated in a mu Grid configuration along with custom centralized LabVIEW generated virtual Energy Management System (EMS) software to provide system wide control. Enhanced mu Grid cooperation was implemented by invoking control schemes based on existing Xantrex inverter command sets issued over a standard communication interface. Inverter cooperation was achieved without additional modifications to embedded software. This paper outlines test configuration and results for cooperative storage management and voltage support scenarios. C1 [Kuszmaul, Scott S.; Gonzalez, Sigifredo; Ellis, Abraham] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Serban, Emanuel] Xantrex Technol Inc, Burnaby, BC, Canada. RP Kuszmaul, SS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1643 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900357 ER PT S AU Sorensen, NR Quintana, MA Puskar, JD Lucero, SJ AF Sorensen, N. Robert Quintana, Michael A. Puskar, Joseph D. Lucero, Samuel J. GP IEEE TI THE EFFECT OF METAL FOIL TAPE DEGRADATION ON THE LONG-TERM RELIABILITY OF PV MODULES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB A program is underway at Sandia National Laboratories' to predict long-term reliability of photovoltaic systems. The vehicle for the reliability predictions is a Reliability Block Diagram (RBD), which models system behavior. Because this model is based mainly on field failure and repair times, it cannot currently be used to accurately predict end-of-life. In order to be truly predictive, physics-informed degradation processes and failure mechanisms need to be included in the model. This paper describes accelerated life testing of metal foil tapes used in thin-film PV modules, and how tape joint degradation, a possible failure mode, can be incorporated into the model. C1 [Sorensen, N. Robert; Quintana, Michael A.; Puskar, Joseph D.; Lucero, Samuel J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sorensen, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1675 EP 1680 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900363 ER PT S AU Xu, X Su, T Beglau, D Ehlert, S Pietka, G Bobela, D Li, Y Lord, K Yue, G Zhang, J Yan, B Worrel, C Beernink, K DeMaggio, G Banerjee, A Yang, J Guha, S AF Xu, X. Su, T. Beglau, D. Ehlert, S. Pietka, G. Bobela, D. Li, Y. Lord, K. Yue, G. Zhang, J. Yan, B. Worrel, C. Beernink, K. DeMaggio, G. Banerjee, A. Yang, J. Guha, S. GP IEEE TI HIGH EFFICIENCY LARGE AREA MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS INCORPORATING a-SiGe:H AND nc-Si:H USING MVHF TECHNOLOGY SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB We fabricated five different types of a-SiGe:H and nc-Si:H based multi-junction solar cell structures using modified Very High Frequency (MVHF) technology. After optimization, all five structures reached similar initial cell performance, i.e. similar to 12% small active-area (0.25 cm(2)) efficiency and 10.6-10.8% large aperture-area (>= 400 cm(2)) efficiency after encapsulation. However, they showed quite different light soaking stability behavior, which can be attributed to the degradation of component cells. We conducted a comparative study between the MVHF deposited solar cells with those deposited by RF. Materials studies were also conducted to understand the mechanism responsible for better stability for the MVHF deposited a-SiGe:H solar cells. The best stable efficiency achieved for the large-area encapsulated cells is approaching 10% for both a-SiGe:H and nc-Si:H based multi-junction cells. C1 [Xu, X.; Su, T.; Beglau, D.; Ehlert, S.; Pietka, G.; Li, Y.; Lord, K.; Yue, G.; Zhang, J.; Yan, B.; Worrel, C.; Beernink, K.; DeMaggio, G.; Banerjee, A.; Yang, J.; Guha, S.] United Solar Ovon LLC, Troy, MI USA. [Bobela, D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Xu, X (reprint author), United Solar Ovon LLC, Troy, MI USA. FU US DOE [DE-FC36-07 GO 17053] FX The authors thank K. Younan, D. Wolf, T. Palmer, N. Jackett, L. Sivec, B. Hang, R. Capangpangan, J. Piner, G. St. John, A. Webster, J. Wrobel, B. Seiler, D. Tran, Y. Zhou, S. Liu, and E. Chen for sample preparation and measurements. The work was supported by US DOE under the Solar America Initiative Program Contract No. DE-FC36-07 GO 17053. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1747 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900378 ER PT S AU Albin, DS Dhere, RG Glynn, SC Metzger, WK AF Albin, D. S. Dhere, R. G. Glynn, S. C. Metzger, W. K. GP IEEE TI THE DIRECT CORRELATION OF CDTE SOLAR CELL STABILITY WITH MOBILE ION CHARGE GENERATION DURING ACCELERATED LIFETIME TESTING SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID FILMS AB CdS/CdTe cells deposited on cadmium and zinc stannate (CTO/ZTO) transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrates show greater degradation than similar devices fabricated on SnO(2)-based substrates. This has been confirmed in two separate studies in which J-V changes during stress suggest different degradation mechanisms believed to be due to differences in processing. In addition, cells made using the CTO/ZTO substrates exhibit greater variations in initial performance relative to SnO(2)-based substrates. A capacitance-voltage (CV) method using different initial bias conditions is used to quantify mobile ion concentration. CV hysteresis was observed in Cu-containing cells and was absent in cells that were not intentionally doped with Cu. With increasing stress, hysteresis increased. A faster rate of hysteresis gain was observed in CTO/ZTO cells relative to SnO(2) cells. A model is introduced for explaining the origin of the hysteresis and why it increases with increasing stress. C1 [Albin, D. S.; Dhere, R. G.; Glynn, S. C.; Metzger, W. K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Albin, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1789 EP 1794 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900386 ER PT S AU Walsh, A Wei, SH Chen, SY Gong, XG AF Walsh, Aron Wei, Su-Huai Chen, Shiyou Gong, X. G. GP IEEE TI DESIGN OF QUATERNARY CHALCOGENIDE PHOTOVOLTAIC ABSORBERS THROUGH CATION MUTATION SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BAND OFFSETS AB Design of chalcogenide photovoltaic absorbers is carried out systematically through sequential cation mutation, from binary to ternary to quaternary compounds, using first-principles electronic structure calculations. Several universal trends are identified for two classes of quaternary chalcogenides (I-2-II-IV-VI4 and I-III-II2-VI4 systems). For example, the lowest-energy structure always has larger lattice constant a, smaller tetragonal distortion parameter n = c/2a, and larger band gap than the metastable structures for common-row cation mutations. The band structure changes on mutation illustrate that although the band gap decreases from binary II-VI to ternary I-III-VI2 are mostly due to the p-d repulsion in the valence band, the decreases from ternary I-III-VI2 to quaternary I-2-II-IV-VI4 chalcogenides are due to the downshift in the conduction band caused by the wavefunction localization on the group IV cation site. We find that I-2-II-IV-VI4 compounds are more stable in the kesterite structure, whereas the widely-assumed stannite structure reported in the literature is most likely due to partial disorder in the I-II (001) layer of the kesterite phase. Ten compounds are predicted have band gaps close to the 1 to 2 eV energy window suitable for photovoltaics. C1 [Walsh, Aron] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Chen, Shiyou; Gong, X. G.] Fudan Univ, Surface Sci Lab & Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Walsh, A (reprint author), UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1E 6BT, England. RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008; gong, xingao /B-1337-2010 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033; FU U.S. DOE [AC36-08GO28308]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Sciences Foundation of China; Basic Research Program of MOE and Shanghai; Major State Basic Research; Postgraduate Innovation Fund of FU FX The work at NREL is supported by the U.S. DOE under contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Computing resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center were employed, which is supported by DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work in Fudan University (FU) is partially supported by the National Sciences Foundation of China, the Basic Research Program of MOE and Shanghai, the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research, and Postgraduate Innovation Fund of FU. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1803 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900389 ER PT S AU Kempe, MD Kilkenny, M Moricone, TJ Zhang, JZ AF Kempe, M. D. Kilkenny, M. Moricone, T. J. Zhang, J. Z. GP IEEE TI ACCELERATED STRESS TESTING OF HYDROCARBON BASED ENCAPSULANTS FOR MEDIUM-CONCENTRATION CPV APPLICATIONS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems have great potential to reduce photovoltaic (PV) electricity costs because of the relatively low cost of optical components as compared to PV cells. A transparent polymeric material is used to optically couple the PV cell to optical components and is thus exposed to the concentrated light source at elevated temperatures. In this work polymeric encapsulant materials are positioned close to a Xenon arc lamp to expose them to ultraviolet radiation (UV) that is about 42 times as intense as sunlight. Furthermore, different glass types are used as filters to modify the spectral distribution of light in the UV range. A strong sensitivity of non-silicone-based encapsulants to light below similar to 350 nm is demonstrated. Of all the materials examined in this study, the polydimethyl silicone samples performed the best. The next best material was an ionomer which maintained optical transmission but became photo-oxidized where exposed to the atmosphere. C1 [Kempe, M. D.; Moricone, T. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kilkenny, M.] Skyline Solar, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhang, J. Z.] Atlas Mat Testing Technol LLC, Chicago, IL 60613 USA. RP Kempe, MD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX We would like to thank Rafael de la Vega for help with the Weather-Ometer irradiance measurements. David Miller and Sarah Kurtz for helpful discussions, and Marc Oddo for providing representative mirror data. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1816 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900392 ER PT S AU Johnston, SW Call, NJ Phan, B Ahrenkiel, RK AF Johnston, Steven W. Call, Nathan J. Phan, Bill Ahrenkiel, Richard K. GP IEEE TI APPLICATIONS OF IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR SOLAR CELL CHARACTERIZATION SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID LOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHY; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; WAFERS; SHUNTS; BREAKDOWN; EMISSION AB Minority-carrier lifetime, diffusion length, resistance, and shunting are all useful parameters for monitoring material quality, processing, and cell performance. These data may be quickly obtained, and even potentially used during manufacturing, when collected from recently developed imaging techniques. Point-by-point measurements provide quantitative data that is valuable as a research tool, even though data acquisition time may be lengthy. Imaging data can often be collected in seconds with better resolution, and while it may initially appear only qualitative, correlations and calibrations are possible and can transform the image to a set of values. We present several examples of photoluminescence imaging on multi-crystalline Si wafers compared to microwave reflection lifetime mapping. We also present electroluminescence imaging and dark lock-in thermography on several cells of different efficiency and compare to diffusion length, lifetime, and sheet resistance. C1 [Johnston, Steven W.; Call, Nathan J.; Ahrenkiel, Richard K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Call, Nathan J.; Ahrenkiel, Richard K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Phan, Bill] CaliSolar, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Johnston, SW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOEAC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX We wish to thank C. S. Jiang for light I-V efficiency measurements, Jerry Tynan for assistance with imaging systems construction, and M. J. Romero for some initial characterization of visible breakdown emission. We also wish to thank Sara Olibet for valuable discussion and sample measurement experience. The finished cells were supplied by CaliSolar. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOEAC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1860 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900400 ER PT S AU Zunger, A Franceschetti, A Luo, JW Popescu, V AF Zunger, Alex Franceschetti, Alberto Luo, Jun-Wei Popescu, Voicu GP IEEE TI UNDERSTANDING THE PHYSICS OF CARRIER-MULTIPLICATION AND INTERMEDIATE-BAND SOLAR CELLS BASED ON NANOSTRUCTURES - WHAT IS GOING ON? SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID QUANTUM DOTS; EFFICIENCY; NANOCRYSTALS; EXCITONS; PBSE AB The concepts of (1) Carrier-Multiplication (CM - "two electron-hole pairs from one photon") and (2) Intermediate Band Solar Cell (IBSC) based on nanostructures, have created significant interest and excitement, but, at the same time, raised questions pertaining to the approaches used to argue their validity. In part, confusion arose because the initial arguments made were based on rather qualitative, if not naive, physical models. Here we propose to use the tools of modern theory of nanostructures for examining these concepts. Simple but surprising physical pictures emerge from such complex atomistic calculations. We will review and discuss the underlying concepts and experiments surrounding CM and quantum dot-based IBSC, delineating fact from fiction, and pointing to some new, important unanswered questions. C1 [Zunger, Alex; Franceschetti, Alberto; Luo, Jun-Wei; Popescu, Voicu] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1928 EP 1932 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900414 ER PT S AU Granata, JE Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA Quintana, MA AF Granata, J. E. Boyson, W. E. Kratochvil, J. A. Quintana, M. A. GP IEEE TI LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF 8 PV ARRAYS AT SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB In the last decade, c-Si module degradation rates of <1%/year have been reported [1-3]. It is unclear if this degradation rate extends directly to the string level and what is the expected statistical spread of degradation rates. Nine photovoltaic (PV) arrays totaling nearly 100 kW at Standard Reporting Conditions are currently being used at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) primarily for inverter testing. The measured power degradation of these arrays at the string level varied from no change over three years within measurement error to greater than 25% in three years. This paper outlines the methodology used to test the DC output, outlines analysis techniques used to evaluate the array performance, provides a current reliability assessment, presents the comparative data for up to five years of use and exposure, and discusses the methods used to track down the causes of unexpected string-level degradation. C1 [Granata, J. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Granata, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1944 EP 1949 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900417 ER PT S AU Liu, XX Paudel, NR Compaan, AD Weinhardt, L Bar, M Pookpanratana, S Heske, C Fuchs, O Yang, WL Denlinger, JD AF Liu, Xiangxin Paudel, Naba Raj Compaan, Alvin D. Weinhardt, Lothar Baer, Marcus Pookpanratana, Sujitra Heske, Clemens Fuchs, Oliver Yang, Wanli Denlinger, Jonathan D. GP IEEE TI Migration and Oxidation of Sulfur at the Back Contact in CdTe Cells SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS AB In a cross-sectional X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping study of sputtered CdTe cells, sulfur was found to migrate and accumulate near the back contact. X-ray emission spectra of chloride-treated CdS/CdTe films confirm the accumulation of sulfur at the back surface. A part of the surface sulfur is found to be oxidized in the form of sulfate when Cu is present at the back contact. C1 [Liu, Xiangxin; Paudel, Naba Raj; Compaan, Alvin D.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Weinhardt, Lothar; Baer, Marcus; Pookpanratana, Sujitra; Heske, Clemens] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Fuchs, Oliver] Univ Wurzburg, Expt Phys II, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Yang, Wanli; Denlinger, Jonathan D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, XX (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013 FU NREL Thin Film Partnership program; U.S. DOE-SAI University Partnership program; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [XXL-5-44205-12]; DFG Emmy-Noether-Programm FX Our work is supported by the NREL Thin Film Partnership program and U.S. DOE-SAI University Partnership program. We also acknowledge funding by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under subcontracts XXL-5-44205-12 and by the DFG Emmy-Noether-Programm (M.Bar). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1972 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900422 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Mehta, V Guhabiswas, D Reedy, R Moutinho, H To, B Shaikh, A Rangappan, A AF Sopori, Bhushan Mehta, Vishal Guhabiswas, Debraj Reedy, Robert Moutinho, Helio To, Bobby Shaikh, Aziz Rangappan, A. GP IEEE TI FORMATION OF A BACK CONTACT BY FIRE-THROUGH PROCESS OF SCREEN-PRINTED SILICON SOLAR CELLS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID SURFACE FIELD; ALUMINUM; SI AB We have investigated various mechanisms that participate in formation of a good, screen-printed, Si-Al contact on the back side of a crystalline-Si solar cell. We observed a rapid diffusion of Si into Al during the temperature ramp-up. The Si diffusion produces a graded composition that causes an Al-Si melt to initiate from the interface. The interface melt of eutectic composition can be used to promote a uniform, dimple-free Al melt. We have also investigated the kinetics of stratification of the back-contacts into various regions: P+, eutectic, and molten (but unconnected) Al particles. The properties of these regions are primarily dictated by the temperature ramp-down profile, and they strongly depend on incident light flux that heats the wafer, on thickness of Al, and on emissivity of the Al-Air interface. We will discuss methods to improve back-contact properties of screen-printed multicrystalline Si solar cells. C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Mehta, Vishal; Guhabiswas, Debraj; Reedy, Robert; Moutinho, Helio; To, Bobby] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Shaikh, Aziz] Ferro Elect Mat, Vista, CA USA. [Rangappan, A.] Appl Opt Sci, Torrance, CA USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-AC36-08G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08G028308 with The National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 1994 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900426 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR Liu, F Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, C-S. Moutinho, H. R. Liu, F. Romero, M. J. Al-Jassim, M. M. GP IEEE TI CARRIER DEPLETION AND GRAIN MISORIENTATIONS ON INDIVIDUAL GRAIN BOUNDARIES OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SI THIN FILMS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID SCANNING CAPACITANCE MICROSCOPY; SILICON SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CONFIGURATION AB Structural and microelectrical properties of grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline Si thin films were investigated by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The SCM measurements revealed highly nonuniform carrier depletions among the GBs, indicating the variety of electrical properties due to the specific GB structures. The EBSD measurement showed that the films are weakly [001]-oriented with small fractions of grains in the [111] and [110] orientations. Comparison of the SCM and EBSD measurements taken on the same film area led to the following observations: (1) Sigma 3 GBs do not exhibit carrier depletions and thus do not have charged deep levels; (2) Some Sigma 9 GBs exhibit carrier depletions and some do not, indicating that the intrinsic Sigma 9 GBs do not have charged deep levels and the carrier depletions are due to impurity gettering at the GBs; (3) No significant relationship between the carrier depletion behavior and the grain misorientation was found so far on the GBs with random misorientations; (4) The carrier depletion behavior does not depend only on the grain misorientation but also on the facet where the GB is taken. C1 [Jiang, C-S.; Moutinho, H. R.; Liu, F.; Romero, M. J.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2106 EP 2111 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900449 ER PT S AU Teplin, CW Martin, IT Alberi, K Young, DL Shub, M Branz, HM Jones, KM Romero, MJ Stradins, P AF Teplin, Charles W. Martin, Ina T. Alberi, Kirstin Young, David L. Shub, Maxim Branz, Howard M. Jones, Kim M. Romero, Manuel J. Stradins, Paul GP IEEE TI PHOTOVOLTAIC-QUALITY SILICON EPITAXY BY HOT-WIRE CVD AT GLASS-COMPATIBLE TEMPERATURES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GRAINED POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; CARRIER MOBILITY; SOLAR-CELLS; LAYERS; FILMS AB Epitaxial crystal silicon films 2 to 10-microns thick on high-quality seed layers have the potential to approach wafer silicon photovoltaic efficiencies at thin-film area costs. Using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) from silane precursor gas, we have grown epitaxial layers up to 40-microns thick with defect densities of about 2 x 10(5) cm(-2), corresponding to defects separated by more than 20 mu m. This should be adequate for film-silicon photovoltaic applications. Films are grown at rates above 100 nm/min, at about 680 degrees C, a temperature compatible with relatively inexpensive substrates such as display glass. We have also grown both n- and p-type epitaxial layers with mobilities close to those of wafers and achieved epitaxy at a growth rate of 300 nm/min. We have not yet reached a fundamental limit to the deposition rate. C1 [Teplin, Charles W.; Martin, Ina T.; Alberi, Kirstin; Young, David L.; Shub, Maxim; Branz, Howard M.; Jones, Kim M.; Romero, Manuel J.; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teplin, CW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Martin, Ina/J-9484-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2117 EP 2119 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900451 ER PT S AU Repins, IL Metzger, WK Perkins, CL Li, JAV Contreras, MA AF Repins, Ingrid L. Metzger, Wyatt K. Perkins, Craig L. Li, Jian V. Contreras, Miguel A. GP IEEE TI MEASURED MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME AND CIGS DEVICE PERFORMANCE SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB The relationship between lifetime measured by time-resolved photoluminescence on bare CIGS films and subsequent device performance is examined. A correlation between device voltage and lifetime is demonstrated. The effects of measured band gap and carrier density are discussed. Results are compared with fundamental calculations. C1 [Repins, Ingrid L.; Metzger, Wyatt K.; Perkins, Craig L.; Li, Jian V.; Contreras, Miguel A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Repins, IL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2159 EP 2164 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900460 ER PT S AU Berry, JJ White, MS Widjonako, NE Bailey, BA Sigdel, AK Gorrie, CW Kopidakis, N Ginley, DS Olson, DC AF Berry, Joseph J. White, Matthew S. Widjonako, N. Edwin Bailey, Brian A. Sigdel, Ajaya K. Gorrie, Christopher W. Kopidakis, Nikos Ginley, David S. Olson, Dana C. GP IEEE TI Mixed Metal Oxide Systems for Organic Photovoltaics SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID HYBRID SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE; CONJUGATED POLYMER AB We have employed mixed metal oxide materials in various roles in organic and hybrid-organic photovoltaic (OPV/h-OPV) devices. In the case of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices we have used an inorganic HTL layer (NiO) constructed by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to replace the standard PEDOT:PSS HTL in a poly(3-hexythiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) BHJ OPV device. We have also examined in detail the changes in the electric field at the polymer-oxide interface in planar P3HT;metal oxide h-OPV devices both with experimental studies and through modeling of the h-OPV polymer/acceptor interface. For our h-OPV experimental studies we examine ZnO, TiO2 and Nb:TiO2 acceptors constructed using PLD in which the doping levels have been controlled using a digital modulation scheme. C1 [Berry, Joseph J.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Ginley, David S.; Olson, Dana C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [White, Matthew S.; Widjonako, N. Edwin] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bailey, Brian A.; Sigdel, Ajaya K.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Gorrie, Christopher W.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Berry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI White, Matthew/B-3405-2013 OI White, Matthew/0000-0001-6719-790X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX We would like to acknowledge that this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2193 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900467 ER PT S AU Li, XN Kanevce, A Li, JAV Repins, I Egaas, B Noufi, R AF Li, Xiaonan Kanevce, Ana Li, Jian V. Repins, Ingrid Egaas, Brian Noufi, Rommel GP IEEE TI IMPACT of Zn(1-x)Mn(X)O on Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc DE CIGS solar cell; ZnMgO; conduction-band offset ID CONDUCTION-BAND OFFSET; EFFICIENCY; LAYERS AB In this work, we studied the impact of using Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O to replace the intrinsic ZnO in CIGS solar cells. The effect of Mg content and layer thickness of the Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O on device formation was investigated. We found that the amount of Mg in the Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O layer and the layer thickness significantly alter the cell properties. Device characterization indicated that the impact of the Mg content is not limited to the front-window layer, but also extends to underneath the CIGS layer. The numerical simulation nicely explains the relationship between various front-window layers and device performance. Our observation indicates that properties of the front-window layer may be important to junction formation in CIGS devices. Any changes to this part of the device could seriously alter device performance. C1 [Li, Xiaonan; Kanevce, Ana; Li, Jian V.; Repins, Ingrid; Egaas, Brian; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, XN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2217 EP 2220 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900473 ER PT S AU Sundaramoorthy, R Repins, IL Gennett, T Pern, FJ Albin, D Li, JAV DeHart, C Glynn, S Perkins, JD Ginley, DS Gessert, T AF Sundaramoorthy, R. Repins, I. L. Gennett, T. Pern, F. J. Albin, D. Li, Jian V. DeHart, C. Glynn, S. Perkins, J. D. Ginley, D. S. Gessert, T. GP IEEE TI COMPARISON OF AMORPHOUS InZnO AND POLYCRYSTALLINE ZnO:Al CONDUCTIVE LAYERS FOR CIGS SOLAR CELLS SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB We investigated the optical and electrical properties of amorphous InZnO (IZO) as a potential replacement of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) conducting window layer for CuInGaSe(2) (CIGS) solar cells. The device performance of CIGS devices with IZO of different thickness and sheet resistance was compared with that of CIGS standard devices with AZO. The results show that the optical and electrical properties of IZO were affected by deposition conditions, especially by the oxygen concentration, and thickness. Initial results on the CIGS solar cells showed that devices with IZO yield cell efficiencies comparable to that of the devices with standard AZO, when the sheet resistance of IZO was close to that of AZO. C1 [Sundaramoorthy, R.; Repins, I. L.; Gennett, T.; Pern, F. J.; Albin, D.; Li, Jian V.; DeHart, C.; Glynn, S.; Perkins, J. D.; Ginley, D. S.; Gessert, T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sundaramoorthy, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2225 EP 2230 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900475 ER PT S AU Yan, YF Walsh, A Da Silva, JLF Wei, SH Al-Jassim, M AF Yan, Yanfa Walsh, Aron Da Silva, Juarez L. F. Wei, Su-Huai Al-Jassim, Mowafak GP IEEE TI STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE IN(2)O(3)(ZNO)(N) SYSTEM SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB We studied the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the In(2)O(3)(ZnO)(n) system by a combination of high-resolution electron microscopy, image simulation, and density-functional theory calculation. We found that the In(2)O(3)(ZnO)(n) system has a polytypoid structure that consists of wurtzite InZn(n)O(n)., slabs separated by single In-O octahedral layers. These octahedral layers are inversion domain boundaries and satisfy the electronic octet rule. The InZn(n)O(n+1) slabs contain another type of boundary that inverts the polarities again. This boundary prefers a zigzag modulated structure and also obeys the electronic octet rule. We also found that the red-shift in optical transitions for the In(2)O(3)(ZnO)(n) system as compared to individual In(2)O(3) and ZnO systems is because the symmetry-forbidden band-edge transitions in In(2)O(3) are overcome by the formation of superlattices, with ZnO contributions to the top of the valence band. We further found that increasing n results in an enhanced valence-band maximum in the ZnO region, while the conduction-band minimum becomes more localized on the InO(2) layers, which introduces confinement to electron carriers. Such enhanced localization explains why Zn-rich compounds (higher n) exhibit lower conductivity. C1 [Yan, Yanfa; Walsh, Aron; Da Silva, Juarez L. F.; Wei, Su-Huai; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008; Da Silva, Juarez L. F./D-1779-2011 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033; Da Silva, Juarez L. F./0000-0003-0645-8760 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2234 EP 2236 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900477 ER PT S AU Quintana, EC Quintana, MA Rolfe, KD Thompson, KR Hacke, P AF Quintana, Enrico C. Quintana, Michael A. Rolfe, Kevin D. Thompson, Kyle R. Hacke, Peter GP IEEE TI Exploring Diagnostic Capabilities for Application to New Photovoltaic Technologies SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Explosive growth in photovoltaic markets has fueled new creative approaches that promise to cut costs and improve reliability of system components. However, market demands require rapid development of these new and innovative technologies in order to compete with more established products and capture market share. Oftentimes diagnostics that assist in R&D do not exist or have not been applied due to the innovative nature of the proposed products. Some diagnostics such as IR imaging, electroluminescence, light IV, dark IV, x-rays, and ultrasound have been employed in the past and continue to serve in development of new products, however, innovative products with new materials, unique geometries, and previously unused manufacturing processes require additional or improved test capabilities. This fast-track product development cycle requires diagnostic capabilities to provide the information that confirms the integrity of manufacturing techniques and provides the feedback that can spawn confidence in process control, reliability and performance. This paper explores the use of digital radiography and computed tomography (CT) with other diagnostics to support photovoltaic R&D and manufacturing applications. C1 [Quintana, Enrico C.; Quintana, Michael A.; Rolfe, Kevin D.; Thompson, Kyle R.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hacke, Peter] Advent Solar Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Quintana, EC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company [DEAC04-94AL85000]; DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. Sandia acknowledges the support of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program in particular for the work presented here. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2243 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900479 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, S Kuszmaul, S Ellis, A AF Gonzalez, Sigifredo Kuszmaul, Scott Ellis, Abraham GP IEEE TI LONG-TERM INVERTER OPERATION DEMONSTRATION AT SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB The performance of a utility interactive photovoltaic (PV) system relies on several key components within the system. The effects of long term operation on utility interactive inverter performance are the topic of this paper. Years of anecdotal evidence indicates that the PV module typically has a 1% per year degradation in performance; this is accepted by industry for how modules are typically rated and warranted. The inverter on the other hand has not undergone such scrutiny to investigate the effects that years of operation may have on the performance of an inverter. The effects of long-term field operation on utility interconnected PV inverters are the focus of the long term inverter evaluation test bed that is dedicated for years of operation. The outcome of this analysis will be factored into the inverter performance model. Sandia National Laboratories Distributed Energy Technology Laboratory (DETL) has recently completed the first re-characterization phase on inverters operating for two years. This paper reports on the effects of long term inverter operation on four residential inverters. C1 [Gonzalez, Sigifredo; Kuszmaul, Scott; Ellis, Abraham] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gonzalez, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2249 EP 2254 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900480 ER PT S AU Collins, E Dvorack, M Mahn, J Mundt, M Quintana, M AF Collins, Elmer Dvorack, Michael Mahn, Jeff Mundt, Michael Quintana, Michael GP IEEE TI RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS OF A FIELDED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB System level reliability and availability estimates are required to facilitate cost tradeoff studies associated with competing photovoltaic systems. Estimates of reliability are necessary in developing maintenance cost projections over the system lifetime. Availability estimates provide an input into annual energy generation projections. This paper describes a comprehensive approach to developing reliability and availability estimates for a large photovoltaic system. System reliability and availability were defined based on the operator's expectations and a Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) was developed to model system behavior. The RBD developed is a hierarchical reliability model. Larger functional elements are decomposed into smaller functional elements. The granularity of the model is determined by the level that failure data are collected. Field data, failure times and repair times, were collected and analyzed for a five year time period from a 4.6 MWdc photovoltaic system operated by Tucson Electric Power (TEP) at Springerville, Arizona. Failure and repair distributions were fitted to these field data. These results were then used to populate the RBD and produce system level estimates of reliability and availability. The results of these analyses are: 1. a summary of failures for each main component of the system, 2. a summary of failure distributions/rates and repair times for each main component, 3. system reliability and availability versus time projections, and 4. an estimate of the number of failures for each main component over the system's life. C1 [Collins, Elmer; Dvorack, Michael; Mahn, Jeff; Mundt, Michael; Quintana, Michael] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Collins, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2261 EP 2266 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900482 ER PT S AU Mataki, H Padmaperuma, AB Kundu, SN Swensen, JS McGinnis, VD Risser, SM Nippa, DW Burrows, PE AF Mataki, Hiroshi Padmaperuma, Asanga B. Kundu, Sambhu N. Swensen, James S. McGinnis, Vincent D. Risser, Steven M. Nippa, David W. Burrows, Paul E. GP IEEE TI Enhancement of Solar Cell Efficiency by Spectral-Conversion Using Rare Earth-Metal Nanoclusters SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB A novel organic/inorganic nanocomposite is proposed as a luminescent material of a spectral converter (SC) for improving the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells. The nanocomposite consists of a polymer matrix doped with rare earth-centered heterometallic alkoxides, rare earth (RE)-metal (M) nanocluster. The excitation edge of Eu3+ was found to be extended from about 400 nm to 470 nm by adding Michler's ketone to the nanocomposite. The broadening of the excitation wavelength range enhanced the energy conversion efficiency of a single-crystalline Si solar cell by 9.9 %. Also it was found that Eu-M nanocluster can emit broad-band luminescence ranging from 400 nm to 600 nm in addition to the narrow-bands luminescence peculiar to Eu3+ when M is selected. Such controllability in both excitation and emission spectra could make it possible to use the nanocomposite doped with REM nanocluster as a luminescent material for SCs for various solar cells having different spectral responses. C1 [Mataki, Hiroshi] Battelle Japan, Chiyoda Ku, 2-2-2 Uchisaiwai Cho, Tokyo 1000011, Japan. [Padmaperuma, Asanga B.; Kundu, Sambhu N.; Swensen, James S.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [McGinnis, Vincent D.; Risser, Steven M.; Nippa, David W.] Battelle Memorial Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Burrows, Paul E.] Reata Res, Kennewick, WA 99338 USA. RP Mataki, H (reprint author), Battelle Japan, Chiyoda Ku, 2-2-2 Uchisaiwai Cho, Tokyo 1000011, Japan. EM hiroshi.mataki@battelle-japan.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2267 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900483 ER PT S AU Law, M Luther, JM Beard, MC Choi, S Nozik, AJ AF Law, Matt Luther, Joseph M. Beard, Matthew C. Choi, Sukgeun Nozik, Arthur J. GP IEEE TI SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOT SOLIDS: SEEKING ENHANCED PHOTOCURRENT SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID NANOCRYSTAL FILMS; EFFICIENCY AB We describe an all-inorganic metal / PbSe quantum dot (QD) film / metal sandwich photovoltaic (PV) cell that produces a large short-circuit photocurrent (> 21 mA cm(-2)) by way of a Schottky junction at the negative (rear) contact. The PV cell consists of a PbSe QD film, deposited via layer-by-layer (LbL) dip coating that yields an EQE of 55-65% in the visible and up to 25% in the infrared region of the solar spectrum, with a spectrally corrected AM1.5G power conversion efficiency of 2.1%. This QD device produces one of the largest short-circuit currents of any nanostructured solar cell, without the need for sintering, superlattice order or separate phases for electron and hole transport. To ascertain if the photocurrent is enhanced by multiple exciton generation (MEG), we determined the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the QD active layers of our devices by combining external quantum efficiency (EQE) and total reflectance measurements with an optical model of the device stack. Good agreement between the experimental and modeled reflectance spectra permits a quantitative estimate of the fraction of incident light absorbed by the QD films at each wavelength, thereby yielding well-constrained QE spectra for photons absorbed only by the QDs. Using a series of devices fabricated from 5.1 +/- 0.4 nm diameter PbSe QDs treated with 1,2-ethaneditiol (EDT), we show that thin QD cells achieve an EQE and an active layer IQE as high as 60 +/- 5% and 80 +/- 7%, respectively, but that there is no evidence for MEG enhancement of the photocurrent. These results are consistent with femtosecond transient absorption measurements showing that the MEG process is quenched by the EDT treatment used to electronically couple the QDs. However, we find enhanced MEG yields using other film treatments, suggesting that MEG photocurrent may be collected from devices prepared using these alternative film treatment chemistries. C1 [Law, Matt; Luther, Joseph M.; Beard, Matthew C.; Choi, Sukgeun; Nozik, Arthur J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Law, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2280 EP 2285 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900486 ER PT S AU Tang, ZZ Zhang, L Singh, RK Wright, D Peshek, T Gessert, T Coutts, TJ van Schilfgaarde, M Newman, N AF Tang, Z. Z. Zhang, L. Singh, R. K. Wright, D. Peshek, T. Gessert, T. Coutts, T. J. van Schilfgaarde, M. Newman, N. GP IEEE TI Characterization of ZnGeAs2 thin films produced by pulsed laser deposition SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH AB We have characterized the properties of chalcopyrite ZnGeAs2 thin films produced over a wide range of growth conditions using pulsed laser deposition. By using a Zn-enriched target, stoichiometric films could be produced up to a substrate temperature of 315 degrees C; above which the films were Zn and As deficient. Optical absorption measurements indicate that bandgap of the ZnGeAs2 thin films is direct with a value of similar to 1.15 eV. Hot point probe indicate that the as-deposited and annealed thin films are both p-type. Hall measurements confirm this and also indicate that the carrier mobility, pp, is over 50 cm(2)/Vsec in the 600 degrees C annealed samples. Channeling Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) indicates that the structurally best films are achieved after 450 degrees C annealing with a channeling yield, chi(min), of 50%. Our results, in combination with the observation that the constituents are abundant elements, suggest that ZnGeAs2 is an ideal candidate for photovoltaic applications. C1 [Tang, Z. Z.; Zhang, L.; Singh, R. K.; Peshek, T.; van Schilfgaarde, M.; Newman, N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Wright, D.; Gessert, T.; Coutts, T. J.] Arizona State Univ, LEROY Eyring Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Peshek, T.; Gessert, T.; Coutts, T. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tang, ZZ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU DOE-EERE [DEFG36-08G018002] FX This project was supported by DOE-EERE grant DEFG36-08G018002. This abstract is subject to government rights. The use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science (LE-CSSS) at Arizona State University is acknowledged. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2286 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900487 ER PT S AU Kimber, A Dierauf, T Mitchell, L Whitaker, C Townsend, T NewMiller, J King, D Granata, J Emery, K Osterwald, C Myers, D Marion, B Pligavko, A Panchula, A Levitsky, T Forbess, J Talmud, F AF Kimber, A. Dierauf, T. Mitchell, L. Whitaker, C. Townsend, T. NewMiller, J. King, D. Granata, J. Emery, K. Osterwald, C. Myers, D. Marion, B. Pligavko, A. Panchula, A. Levitsky, T. Forbess, J. Talmud, F. GP IEEE TI IMPROVED TEST METHOD TO VERIFY THE POWER RATING OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PROJECT SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB This paper reviews the PVUSA power rating method [1-6] and presents two additional methods that seek to improve this method in terms of model precision and increased seasonal applicability. It presents the results of an evaluation of each method based upon regression analysis of over 12 MW of operating photovoltaic (PV) systems located in a wide variety of climates. These systems include a variety of PV technologies, mounting configurations, and array sizes to ensure the conclusions are applicable to a wide range of PV designs and technologies. The work presented in this paper will be submitted to ASTM for use in the development of a standard test method for certifying the power rating of PV projects. C1 [Kimber, A.; Dierauf, T.] SunPower Corp, San Jose, CA 95106 USA. [Mitchell, L.] San Francisco Publ Utilit Commiss, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. [Whitaker, C.; Townsend, T.; NewMiller, J.] BEW Engn, Dombivli, Maharashtra, India. [King, D.; Granata, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Emery, K.; Osterwald, C.; Myers, D.; Marion, B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pligavko, A.; Panchula, A.; Levitsky, T.; Forbess, J.] First Solar, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Talmud, F.] NextEra Energy Resources, Ontario, PQ, Canada. RP Kimber, A (reprint author), SunPower Corp, San Jose, CA 95106 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The NREL coauthors are supported in part under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Sandia coauthors are supported by Department of Energy Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2336 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900498 ER PT S AU Woodhouse, M Perkins, CL Rawls, MT Cormier, RA Gregg, BA AF Woodhouse, Michael Perkins, Craig L. Rawls, Matthew T. Cormier, Russell A. Gregg, Brian A. GP IEEE TI A NEW CLASS OF ACCEPTOR POLYMERS FOR APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC PV SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB The motivation to use the perylene-based polymers shown here is centered on the material's stability in ambient conditions relative to other widely used photoactive organic materials, very low cost (30 phi/ m(2) for 250 nm thick film of the precursor shown below), solution processability (historically analogous materials have required thermal evaporation which is not as amenable to large scale production), and optoelectronic properties. C1 [Woodhouse, Michael; Perkins, Craig L.; Rawls, Matthew T.; Cormier, Russell A.; Gregg, Brian A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Woodhouse, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2387 EP 2389 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900508 ER PT S AU Kurtz, S Whitfield, K Miller, D Joyce, J Wohlgemuth, J Kempe, M Dhere, N Bosco, N Zgonena, T AF Kurtz, Sarah Whitfield, Kent Miller, David Joyce, James Wohlgemuth, John Kempe, Michael Dhere, Neelkanth Bosco, Nick Zgonena, Timothy GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE OF RACK-MOUNTED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Photovoltaic (PV) modules operate in an extreme environment and are exposed to radiation, humidity, and hot and cold thermal extremes. This paper focuses on polymeric-material degradation during PV-module operation at high ambient temperatures, high solar irradiance and low wind speed. The 2004 version of the IEC 61730 specification requires all polymeric materials used in a photovoltaic module to have a Relative Thermal Index (RTI) or Relative Thermal Endurance Index (RTE) at least 20 degrees C greater than the maximum material temperature measured during the temperature test conducted at 40 degrees C ambient. There is currently an international debate regarding this requirement. This paper explores the thermal exposure of photovoltaic modules in the field as a technical basis for this debate. For the hottest cities, the thermal exposure is found to be equivalent to aging at a constant temperature of 42-53 degrees C, with maximum temperatures of 75 degrees C. C1 [Kurtz, Sarah; Miller, David; Kempe, Michael; Bosco, Nick] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Whitfield, Kent] Miasole, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Wohlgemuth, John] BP Solar, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. [Dhere, Neelkanth] Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Concoa, FL 32922 USA. [Joyce, James] Underwriters Lab Inc, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DOE-AC36-08GO28308] FX We thank J. Thies and G. Fechtmann for useful conversations about RTI and C. Osterwald and B. Sekulic for the data for the ASE system. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2433 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900518 ER PT S AU Wyse, C Torres, R Barnes, T Scott, M Young, M Li, XN Gessert, T AF Wyse, Carrie Torres, Robert Barnes, Teresa Scott, Marty Young, Matt Li, Xiaonan Gessert, Tim GP IEEE TI SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6) AS FLUORINE DOPANT PRECURSOR FOR PRODUCTION OF FLUORINE DOPED TIN OXIDE FILMS BY MOCVD SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SOLAR-CELLS; TETRAMETHYLTIN; SNO2 AB SF6 was investigated as an alternative F source for preparing fluorine doped tin oxide films (SnO2:F). SnO2:F films were prepared on glass by low pressure MOCVD using tetramethyltin (Sn(CH3)(4)) and O-2 with SF6 between 500 degrees C and 650 degrees C and 10-65 mol% SF6. These were compared to un-doped SnO2 and SnO2:F grown with CBrF3. SF6 required higher thermal activation than CBrF3. High electron mobility (similar to 40 cm(2)/V-s) and low resistance (6.5x10(-3) Omega-cm) were achieved with SF6 at >= 600 degrees C. at 500 degrees C and below, mobility was on the order of 4 cm(2)/V-s. Carrier concentrations were on the order of 10(19) cm(-3), compared to 10(20) cm(-3) for CBrF3 doped films. Optical transmission, reflectance and absorption spectra demonstrated transmittance of 80% in the visible spectrum. XRD showed SF6 generated films of different crystal structure than CBrF3. SIMS Showed a uniform F concentration of 1.5x10(19) atom/cm(3) from SF6, but SF6 did not incorporate as much F into the films as CBrF3 (7.5x10(20) atoms/cm(3)). Sulfur contamination was not found. C1 [Wyse, Carrie; Torres, Robert] Matheson Tri Gas, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. [Barnes, Teresa; Scott, Marty; Young, Matt; Li, Xiaonan; Gessert, Tim] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wyse, C (reprint author), Matheson Tri Gas, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. FU DOE with the National Renewable Energy Lab [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; CRADA with Matheson TriGas [08-284] FX This work was supported by DOE Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Lab, and CRADA No. 08-284 with Matheson TriGas. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 2461 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900524 ER PT B AU Shchegolkov, DY Earley, LM Heath, CE Smirnova, EI AF Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu Earley, Lawrence M. Heath, Cynthia E. Smirnova, Evgenya I. GP IEEE TI Design and Testing of Photonic Band Gap Channel-Drop-Filters SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB We have designed, fabricated and tested several novel passive mm-wave spectrometers based on Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structures. Our spectrometers were designed to operate in the frequency ranges of 90-130 and 220-300 GHz. We built and tested both metallic and dielectric silicon Channel-Drop-Filter (CDF) structures at 90-130 GHz. We are currently fabricating a dielectric CDF structure to operate at 220-300 GHz. The complete recent test results for the metal version and preliminary test results for the higher frequency silicon versions will be presented at the conference. C1 [Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu; Earley, Lawrence M.; Heath, Cynthia E.; Smirnova, Evgenya I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shchegolkov, DY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300008 ER PT B AU Shchegolkov, DY Azad, AK O'Hara, JF Smirnova, EL AF Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu Azad, Abul K. O'Hara, John F. Smirnova, Evgenya L. GP IEEE TI Perfect Sub-Wavelength Metamaterial Fishnet-Like Film Absorbers for THz Applications SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB We present two designs of robust, easy to manufacture metamaterial-based films of sub-wavelength thickness capable of full absorption of the incident terahertz (THz) radiation at certain frequencies. Both designs can be either made polarization sensitive, or have 90 degrees rotation symmetry, which works equally well for waves of any polarization provided the incident angle is zero. All our designs work for a wide range of angles of incidence, and even if the films are optimized for normal incidence the absorption remains greater than 99% for angles up to similar to 35 degrees in the TE and similar to 65 degrees in the TM case. In the first design the maximum absorption frequency shifts considerably with angle, and in the second design the maximum absorption frequency remains almost the same at any angle. Theory, simulation data, and recent experimental results are all in a good agreement, and will be reported in the presentation. Having a low heat capacity these absorbers combined with thermo detectors can be utilized for precise frequency-selective detection of THz radiation. C1 [Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu; Azad, Abul K.; O'Hara, John F.; Smirnova, Evgenya L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shchegolkov, DY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300009 ER PT B AU Shchegolkov, DY Azad, AK O'Hara, JF Smirnova, EI AF Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu Azad, Abul K. O'Hara, John F. Smirnova, Evgenya I. GP IEEE TI A Proposed Measurement of the Reverse Cherenkov Radiation Effect in a Metamaterial-Loaded Circular Waveguide SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB We have recently proposed an experiment on verification of the Reverse Cherenkov Radiation (RCR) effect in a Left-Handed-Material-loaded waveguide [1]. Applications of the RCR effect may range from novel higher-order-mode suppressors in microwave and millimeter-wave sources to improved particle detectors for satellite non-proliferation missions. The experimental configuration includes a circular waveguide filled with an artificial metamaterial with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, in which the electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 95 GHz will interact with an electron beam. We have demonstrated that for certain values of effective permittivity and permeability only the backward-propagating mode can be exited by the electron beam. At the conference we will present some newly developed metamaterial designs, which we plan to employ for producing the proper effective medium parameters for this experiment. C1 [Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu; Azad, Abul K.; O'Hara, John F.; Smirnova, Evgenya I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shchegolkov, DY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300010 ER PT B AU Liu, HL Carr, GL Worsley, KA Haddon, RC AF Liu, H. L. Carr, G. L. Worsley, K. A. Haddon, R. C. GP IEEE TI THz response of graphite nanoplatelets SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The room-temperature THz spectrum of graphite nanoplatelets shows a free carrier absorption at zero frequency with an electronic scattering rate of 175 cm(-1) (3.3 x 10(13) rad/s) and plasma frequency of 1675 cm(-1). The lack of a major change in Drude plasma frequency down to 4.2 K implies any band gaps in graphite nanoplatelets are less than 1 meV. C1 [Liu, H. L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Carr, G. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Worsley, K. A.; Haddon, R. C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Liu, HL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300124 ER PT B AU Adam, AJL Guestin, LA Knab, JR Shaner, EA Planken, PCM AF Adam, Aurele J. L. Guestin, Lucie A. Knab, Joseph R. Shaner, Eric A. Planken, Paul C. M. GP IEEE TI Terahertz near-field measurements of subwavelength antenna structures and metamaterials SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Broadband THZ near-field measurements were performed on different types of antennas and single elements of a metamaterial structure, all having sub-wavelength dimensions. The time and frequency dependence of the electric near-field are presented and compared with numerical calculations. Effects of the substrate are discussed. C1 [Adam, Aurele J. L.; Guestin, Lucie A.; Knab, Joseph R.; Planken, Paul C. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, Dept Imaging Sci & Technol, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Shaner, Eric A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Adam, AJL (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, Dept Imaging Sci & Technol, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 330 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300164 ER PT B AU Kowalski, EJ Tax, DS Shapiro, MA Sirigiri, JR Temkin, RJ Woskov, PP Bigelow, TS Rasmussen, DA AF Kowalski, Elizabeth J. Tax, David S. Shapiro, Michael A. Sirigiri, Jagadishwar R. Temkin, Richard J. Woskov, Paul P. Bigelow, Timothy S. Rasmussen, David A. GP IEEE TI Calculation and Measurement of Higher Order Mode Losses in ITER ECH Transmission Lines SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB The ITER transmission lines (TLs) must be designed to deliver 20 MW from a 24 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron system. Miter bends are the main source of loss for these highly overmoded, corrugated, cylindrical waveguide TLs. Previous estimates have used only a pure HE11 mode for the analysis of the loss due to a miter bend, however higher order modes (HOMs) must be considered for a practical analysis. For the linearly-polarized, Gaussian-like beam from a gyrotron, the LPmn mode basis set should be used to describe the fields in the corrugated waveguide. The HOM content greatly affects the propagation of HE11 content in a miter bend, with a large emphasis placed on the percentage of HOMs and the phase difference between HE11 and each HOM. By considering LP modes, a complete basis set is used to investigate the HOM effects on HE11 loss in a miter bend. We also present a new conservation theorem relating the power centroid offset and propagation angle due to any two LPmn modes propagating in the corrugated waveguide. C1 [Kowalski, Elizabeth J.; Tax, David S.; Shapiro, Michael A.; Sirigiri, Jagadishwar R.; Temkin, Richard J.; Woskov, Paul P.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bigelow, Timothy S.; Rasmussen, David A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kowalski, EJ (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Sirigiri, Jagadishwar/E-6070-2011 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 344 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300171 ER PT B AU Dyer, GC Aizin, GR Shaner, EA Wanke, MC Reno, JL Mikalopas, J Crossno, JD Allen, SJ AF Dyer, Gregory C. Aizin, Gregory R. Shaner, Eric A. Wanke, Michael C. Reno, John L. Mikalopas, J. Crossno, Jess D. Allen, S. James GP IEEE TI Terahertz Detection in a Multi-Gate High Electron Mobility Transistor SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID PLASMON MODES AB We observe the THz response of a multi-gate high electron mobility transistor detector structure. These devices are fabricated from single heterostructure GaAs/AlGaAs material and feature three gates: a 'source gate' adjacent to source terminal, a 'drain gate' adjacent to drain terminal, and a narrow 'barrier gate' biased to pinch-off that serves as a bolometric sensor. Bias dependent measurements of the responsivity indicate coupling to free carriers located in the non-metalized slots between gates. The absorbed terahertz radiation is sensed by the hot electron bolometer formed by the pinched off channel under the barrier gate. C1 [Dyer, Gregory C.; Crossno, Jess D.; Allen, S. James] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Aizin, Gregory R.; Mikalopas, J.] CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Shaner, Eric A.; Wanke, Michael C.; Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dyer, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. FU NSF [ECS060916]; Sandia National Laboratories, a multipogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United State Department of Engery's National Nuclaer Security Administration [DE-AC4-94AL85000] FX This work is supported through NSF Grant No. ECS060916 and in collabration with Sandia National Laboratories, a multipogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, fot the United State Department of Engery's National Nuclaer Security Administration under contart DE-AC4-94AL85000 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 660 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300331 ER PT B AU Choi, HY Borondics, F Siegel, DA Zhou, SY Martin, MC Lanzara, A Kaindl, RA AF Choi, Hyunyong Borondics, Ferenc Siegel, David A. Zhou, Shuyun Martin, Michael C. Lanzara, Alessandra Kaindl, Robert A. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Terahertz Studies of Dirac Fermion Dynamics in Graphene SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE AB We report the broadband optical conductivity and ultrafast carrier dynamics of few-layer graphene. Equilibrium spectra exhibit significant THz and near-IR absorption, consistent with a model of intra- and interband transitions in a dense Dirac electron plasma. Ultrafast THz transmission changes after photoexcitation are dominated by excess holes, with a 1.2-ps exponential decay that reflects minority-carrier recombination. C1 [Choi, Hyunyong; Siegel, David A.; Zhou, Shuyun; Lanzara, Alessandra; Kaindl, Robert A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Borondics, Ferenc; Martin, Michael C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Siegel, David A.; Zhou, Shuyun; Lanzara, Alessandra] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, HY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Borondics, Ferenc/A-7616-2008 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 769 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300387 ER PT B AU Hong, T Heo, SJ Kim, JH Bozovic, I AF Hong, Taeyoon Heo, Seung Jin Kim, Jae Hoon Bozovic, Ivan GP IEEE TI Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy of LaSrAlO4 SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SRLAALO4; SUBSTRATE; SRLAGAO4; CANDALO4; GROWTH; FILMS AB Single crystal lanthanum strontium aluminate, LaSrAlO4 (001), was investigated by means of time-domain terahertz transmission spectroscopy. We extracted the optical constants at frequencies from 3 to 100 cm(-1) and at temperatures from 4 to 300 K by inverting the measured complex transmission coefficient without resorting to a Kramers-Kronig analysis. The refractive index was almost independent of temperature in the terahertz range. C1 [Hong, Taeyoon; Heo, Seung Jin; Kim, Jae Hoon] Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Bozovic, Ivan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 790 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300398 ER PT B AU Lee, W Mazzucato, E Smith, DR Park, HK Domier, CW Luhmann, NC AF Lee, W. Mazzucato, E. Smith, D. R. Park, H. K. Domier, C. W. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. GP IEEE TI Calibration of the Collective Scattering System on NSTX SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID UHR BACKSCATTERING DIAGNOSTICS; TOKAMAK PLASMA TURBULENCE AB A multichannel 280-GHz collective scattering system has been employed to investigate electron gyro-scale density fluctuations in National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) plasmas. The longitudinal scattering volume length, which is the spatial resolution of the scattering measurement, was calculated in tokamak geometry since the targeting wavenumber is greatly affected by the configuration of the magnetic field. An absolute power calibration was performed to determine the power response of the detection system. The results of the scattering length calculation and the power calibration were applied to estimate the density fluctuation levels from the scattering signals measured on NSTX plasmas. C1 [Lee, W.; Park, H. K.] POSTECH, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. [Mazzucato, E.; Smith, D. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lee, W (reprint author), POSTECH, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-09CH11466, DE-FG02-99ER54518]; Department of Physics at POSTECH; Korea National Fusion Research Institute FX The first author would like to thank L. Guttadora for the technical contribution to this work. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DEAC02-09CH11466 and DE-FG02-99ER54518, Department of Physics at POSTECH, and Korea National Fusion Research Institute. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 837 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300422 ER PT B AU Sundaram, SK Woskov, PP AF Sundaram, S. K. Woskov, Paul P. GP IEEE TI Novel Millimeter Wave Sensor Concepts for Energy, Environment, and National Security SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Millimeter waves are ideally suited for sensing and diagnosing materials, devices, and processes that are broadly important to energy, environment, and national security. Thermal return reflection (TRR) techniques that detect and use thermal emission as a probe to diagnose materials and systems make possible accurate noncontact thermal analysis measurements that can resolve emissivity and temperature simultaneously. Scientific basis of TRR, 2-D and potentially 3-D measurements, and applications of TRR are discussed. C1 [Sundaram, S. K.] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Woskov, Paul P.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Sundaram, SK (reprint author), Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 844 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300425 ER PT B AU Henderson, M Albajar, F Alberti, S Baruah, U Bigelow, T Becket, B Bertizzolo, R Bonicelli, T Bruschi, A Caughman, J Chavan, R Ciran, S Collazos, A Darbos, C deBaar, M Denisov, G Farina, D Gandini, F Gassman, T Goodman, TP Heidinger, R Hogge, JP Jean, O Kajiwara, K Kasparek, W Kasugai, A Kern, S Kobayashi, N Landis, JD Moro, A Nazare, C Oda, J Paganakis, I Platania, P Plaum, B Poli, E Porte, L Piosczyk, B Ramponi, G Rao, SL Rasmussen, D Ronden, D Saibene, G Sakamoto, K Sanchez, F Scherer, T Shapiro, M Sozzi, C Spaeh, P Straus, D Sauter, O Takahashi, K Tanga, A Temkin, R Thumm, M Tran, MQ Zohm, H Zucca, C AF Henderson, M. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Baruah, U. Bigelow, T. Becket, B. Bertizzolo, R. Bonicelli, T. Bruschi, A. Caughman, J. Chavan, R. Ciran, S. Collazos, A. Darbos, C. deBaar, M. Denisov, G. Farina, D. Gandini, F. Gassman, T. Goodman, T. P. Heidinger, R. Hogge, J. P. Jean, O. Kajiwara, K. Kasparek, W. Kasugai, A. Kern, S. Kobayashi, N. Landis, J. D. Moro, A. Nazare, C. Oda, J. Paganakis, I. Platania, P. Plaum, B. Poli, E. Porte, L. Piosczyk, B. Ramponi, G. Rao, S. L. Rasmussen, D. Ronden, D. Saibene, G. Sakamoto, K. Sanchez, F. Scherer, T. Shapiro, M. Sozzi, C. Spaeh, P. Straus, D. Sauter, O. Takahashi, K. Tanga, A. Temkin, R. Thumm, M. Tran, M. Q. Zohm, H. Zucca, C. GP IEEE TI An Overview of the ITER Electron Cyclotron H&CD System SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB This Paper reviews the design and functionality of the 24MW 170GHz electron cyclotron heating and current drive system being planned for the ITER Tokamak. The sub-systems (power supplies, gyrotrons, transmission lines and launcher antennas) are described based on present day technologies, while on-going R&D provides component and sub-system testing with the possibility of increasing the reliability of the overall EC system. Modifications to the steering ranges of the launching antennas are under investigation that can improve the functional capabilities of the EC system without increasing cost and relaxing the engineering constraints. C1 [Henderson, M.; Becket, B.; Darbos, C.; Gandini, F.; Gassman, T.; Jean, O.; Nazare, C.; Tanga, A.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Albajar, F.; Bonicelli, T.; Heidinger, R.; Saibene, G.] Fus Energy, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain. [Alberti, S.; Bertizzolo, R.; Chavan, R.; Collazos, A.; Goodman, T. P.; Hogge, J. P.; Landis, J. D.; Paganakis, I.; Porte, L.; Sauter, O.; Tran, M. Q.; Zucca, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Ecublens, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Baruah, U.; Rao, S. L.] Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India. [Bigelow, T.; Caughman, J.; Rasmussen, D.] US ITER Project Off, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bruschi, A.; Ciran, S.; Farina, D.; Moro, A.; Platania, P.; Ramponi, G.] Assoc EURATOM ENEA CNR, Istit Fis Plasma, Milan, Italy. [deBaar, M.; Ronden, D.] EURATOM, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. [Denisov, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Kajiwara, K.; Kasugai, A.; Kobayashi, N.; Oda, J.; Sakamoto, K.; Takahashi, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy JAEA, Ibaraki, 3110193, Japan. [Kasparek, W.; Plaum, B.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Plasmaforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Poli, E.; Zohm, H.] Assoc EURATOM IPP, IPP Garching, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kern, S.; Piosczyk, B.; Scherer, T.; Spaeh, P.; Straus, D.; Thumm, M.] Assoc EURATOM FZK, IMF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Shapiro, M.; Temkin, R.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Henderson, M (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. RI Sozzi, Carlo/F-4158-2012; Hogge, Jean-Philippe/D-4143-2014; Bruschi, Alessandro/A-5530-2015 OI Sozzi, Carlo/0000-0001-8951-0071; Bruschi, Alessandro/0000-0002-0139-6401 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 898 EP 901 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300452 ER PT B AU Smoot, GF AF Smoot, George F. GP IEEE TI The Creation and History of the Universe SO 2009 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2009) CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Using our most advanced techniques and instruments we sift through relic clues and evidence to understand the events surrounding the birth and subsequent development of the Universe. A precision inspection and investigation of the Cosmic Scene along with careful analysis, discussion, and computer modeling have allowed us determine what happened over billions of years with amazing certainty and accuracy. The Cosmic Microwave Background is a primary relic from the beginning of the Universe and a key tool in our work. Some of our findings are surprising and even provide shocking twists of plot. There remain even additional mysteries to be solved. In spite of that we can tell the tale of the creation and history of the Universe show key supporting evidence some of it from very early times including using the cosmic background light to provide a direct microwave image of the embryo universe. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smoot, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5416-7 PY 2009 BP 907 EP 907 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BRI87 UT WOS:000282796300454 ER PT B AU Hendry, G Kamil, S Biberman, A Chan, J Lee, BG Mohiyuddin, M Jain, A Bergman, K Carloni, LP Kubiatowicz, J Oliker, L Shalf, J AF Hendry, Gilbert Kamil, Shoaib Biberman, Aleksandr Chan, Johnnie Lee, Benjamin G. Mohiyuddin, Marghoob Jain, Ankit Bergman, Keren Carloni, Luca P. Kubiatowicz, John Oliker, Leonid Shalf, John GP IEEE TI Analysis of Photonic Networks for a Chip Multiprocessor Using Scientific Applications SO 2009 3RD ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NETWORKS-ON-CHIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip CY MAY 10-13, 2009 CL La Jolla, CA SP ACM, IEEE ID ON-CHIP AB As multiprocessors scale to unprecedented numbers of cores in order to sustain performance growth, it is vital that these gains are not nullified by high energy consumption from inter-core communication. With recent advances in 3D Integration CMOS technology, the possibility for realizing hybrid photonic-electronic networks-on-chip warrants investigating real application traces on functionally comparable photonic and electronic network designs. We present a comparative analysis using both synthetic benchmarks as well as real applications, run through detailed cycle accurate models implemented under the OMNeT++ discrete event simulation environment. Results show that when utilizing standard process-to-processor mapping methods, this hybrid network can achieve 75x improvement in energy efficiency for synthetic benchmarks and up to 37x improvement for real scientific applications, defined as network performance per energy spent, over an electronic mesh for large messages across a variety of communication patterns. C1 [Hendry, Gilbert; Biberman, Aleksandr; Chan, Johnnie; Lee, Benjamin G.; Bergman, Keren] Columbia Univ, Lightwave Res Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Carloni, Luca P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kamil, Shoaib; Mohiyuddin, Marghoob; Oliker, Leonid; Shalf, John] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kamil, Shoaib; Mohiyuddin, Marghoob; Jain, Ankit; Kubiatowicz, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hendry, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lightwave Res Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. FU DARPA MTO office [ARL W911NF-08-1-0127]; National Science Foundation [0811012] FX This research is partially supported by DARPA MTO office under grant ARL W911NF-08-1-0127 and the National Science Foundation (Award #: 0811012). NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4142-6 PY 2009 BP 104 EP + DI 10.1109/NOCS.2009.5071458 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BMD69 UT WOS:000271940100019 ER PT B AU Sundaresan, A Varshney, PK Rao, NSV AF Sundaresan, Ashok Varshney, Pramod K. Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI On Localizing the Source of Random Signals Using Sensor Networks SO 2009 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD SP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Source localization; Maximum likelihood estimation; Copula theory ID LOCALIZATION AB The problem of source localization using a network of sensors is considered. A maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based approach is adopted. The measurements received at the sensors due to the random phenomenon are spatially correlated and are characterized by a multivariate distribution. Using the theory of copulas, the joint parametric density of sensor observations is obtained assuming only the knowledge of their marginal densities. An example showing the efficiency of the proposed approach is presented. C1 [Sundaresan, Ashok; Varshney, Pramod K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sundaresan, A (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM asundare@syr.edu; varshney@syr.edu; raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2733-8 PY 2009 BP 230 EP + DI 10.1109/CISS.2009.5054722 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLT78 UT WOS:000270992700045 ER PT B AU May, E AF May, Elebeoba GP IEEE TI The Emergence of Biological Coding Theory as a Mathematical Framework for Modeling, Monitoring, and Modulating Biomolecular Systems SO 2009 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD SP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID INFORMATION-CONTENT; CODE AB In this work we will discuss the implications of understanding hybridization using the mathematical framework of error control coding theory and how this requires not only the use of information theoretic analysis tools, but compels us to view and model biomolecular systems as information transmission and processing systems. Using the genetic communication theory paradigm, we investigate coding theory algorithms for in silico categorization of single nucleotide polymorphisms based on the calculation of syndromes [1]. We explore the use of coding theory frameworks in the design of in vitro computational biosensors [2] and design of error correcting biosensors; [3] for monitoring biomolecular systems. We conclude by briefly investigating the necessity of biological coding theory in the emerging field of synthetic biology [4] where incorporation of error control codes into synthetic DNA, an established area of research in the field of DNA computing [5], is becoming an area of growing interest in order to increase the robustness of engineered biomolecular systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP May, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2733-8 PY 2009 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1109/CISS.2009.5054838 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLT78 UT WOS:000270992700161 ER PT B AU Jean, E Collins, RT Hurson, AR Sedigh, S Jiao, Y AF Jean, Evens Collins, Robert T. Hurson, Ali R. Sedigh, Sahra Jiao, Yu GP IEEE TI Pushing Sensor Network Computation to the Edge SO 2009 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing CY SEP 24-26, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Commun Soc, Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Tsinghua Univ, Hunan Univ, Wuhan Univ, Sci Res Publishing AB Sensor Networks consist of multiple devices equipped with some sensing apparatus. The devices in the network may be homogeneous or heterogeneous, yet they will coordinate in order to accomplish a pre-defined task. With the rising interest in the use of Sensor Networks in various applications, the sensor nodes need to subsist in a dynamic environment and react in a timely fashion to environmental stimuli. Unfortunately, the current paradigm in Sensor Network relies on static tasking of the nodes to support a common task; which ultimately leads to deployment of various networks to cover a common area so long as the tasks and owners of these networks differ. Straying away from this paradigm, our work introduces a framework to enable nodes to support dynamic tasking in a dynamic environment by pushing computation to the edge through FPGA-based reconfigurable nodes with increased processing power. Furthermore, we contend that the sensing apparatus available on the nodes limits the range of applications that such nodes will support. As such, reconfigurability of the nodes can yield the most efficient and responsive hardware implementation of algorithms to support common tasks of applications. The benefits of our approach are highlighted through the introduction of a target-tracking node that is reconfigurable and provides increased response time to stimuli. C1 [Jean, Evens; Collins, Robert T.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hurson, Ali R.; Sedigh, Sahra] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Jiao, Yu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jean, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU The National Science Foundation [IIS-0324835] FX The National Science Foundation under the contract IIS-0324835 in part has supported this work. We gratefully acknowledge the tools and hardware provided by Xilinx. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3692-7 PY 2009 BP 3125 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNX02 UT WOS:000275789401259 ER PT J AU Day, TE Cummings, A Burke, AM Reno, JL Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM AF Day, Timothy E. Cummings, Aron Burke, Adam M. Reno, John L. Ferry, David K. Goodnick, Stephen M. GP IEEE TI Transport Through Magnetic Quantum Point Contacts SO 2009 9TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Genoa, ITALY SP IEEE, Nanotechnol Council, Off Naval Res (ONR), Sci & Technol, Informat & Commun Technol (ICT Dept), FINMECCANICA, Univ Genoa, Univ Genoa, Dept Commun Comp & Syst Sci (DIST), Italian Federat Electrotechn, Elect, Automat & Telecommun (AEIT) ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; CONDUCTANCE AB Hybrid magnetic quantum point contacts were fabricated in the plane of a two-dimensional electron gas, which is formed in a high mobility AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well structure. The hybrid gates are magnetized in an applied in-plane magnetic field and generate both magnetic fringe fields and an electrostatic confining potential. Low-temperature electrical characterization yielded well-resolved conductance plateaus and a strong 0.7-structure in the absence of an applied field. However, the well-known spin polarization effect of a quantum point contact in an applied magnetic field was absent, possibly due to suppressed electron-electron interactions. C1 [Day, Timothy E.; Cummings, Aron; Burke, Adam M.; Ferry, David K.; Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Arizona Inst Nanoelect, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, CINT Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Goodnick, SM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Arizona Inst Nanoelect, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Stephen.Goodnick@asu.edu FU Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-ACO4-94AL85000] FX This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-ACO4-94AL85000). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-981-08-3694-8 PY 2009 BP 364 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BZU35 UT WOS:000302997400102 ER PT J AU Chui, ST Novosad, V Bader, SD AF Chui, S. T. Novosad, V. Bader, S. D. GP IEEE TI Finite frequency response of nano magnetic structures SO 2009 9TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Genoa, ITALY SP IEEE, Nanotechnol Council, Off Naval Res (ONR), Sci & Technol, Informat & Commun Technol (ICT Dept), FINMECCANICA, Univ Genoa, Univ Genoa, Dept Commun Comp & Syst Sci (DIST), Italian Federat Electrotechn, Elect, Automat & Telecommun (AEIT) DE component; spin waves; FMR; nano-structure AB We apply the Holstein-Primakoff and Bogoliubov transformations to compute the spin wave states of small magnetic structures including the effect of the dipolar interaction. We found that as the film gets thicker, states with a significant q=0 component are hybridized with states with higher Fourier components. Surface states that are responsible for magnetization reversal are coupled to the extended states. In the presence of a static magnetic field opposite to the magnetization direction, the response function is increased by an order of magnitude. This suggests an intriguing scenario for assisted switching of the magnetization with an additional external a. c. field. Nonlinear effects are discussed. C1 [Chui, S. T.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Novosad, V.; Bader, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chui, ST (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-07ER46360] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (at Argonne) and DE-FG02-07ER46360 (at UD). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-981-08-3694-8 PY 2009 BP 659 EP 662 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BZU35 UT WOS:000302997400182 ER PT J AU Day, TE Cummings, AW Burke, AM Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM Reno, JL AF Day, Timothy E. Cummings, Aron W. Burke, Adam M. Ferry, David K. Goodnick, Stephen M. Reno, John L. GP IEEE TI Transport Through Magnetic Quantum Point Contacts SO 2009 9TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Genoa, ITALY SP IEEE, Nanotechnol Council, Off Naval Res (ONR), Sci & Technol, Informat & Commun Technol (ICT Dept), FINMECCANICA, Univ Genoa, Univ Genoa, Dept Commun Comp & Syst Sci (DIST), Italian Federat Electrotechn, Elect, Automat & Telecommun (AEIT) DE AlGaAs/GaAs; quantum point contact; in-plane magnetic field; spintronics; 0.7-structure; cobalt ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; CONDUCTANCE AB Hybrid magnetic quantum point contacts were fabricated in the plane of a high mobility AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well structure. The hybrid gates are magnetized in an applied in-plane magnetic field and generate both magnetic fringe fields and an electrostatic confining potential. Low-temperature electrical characterization yielded well-resolved conductance plateaus and a strong 0.7-structure in the absence of an applied field. However, the well-known spin polarization effect of a quantum point contact in an applied magnetic field was absent, possibly due to suppressed electron-electron interactions. In addition, a sharply magnetic field dependent washout of the conductance plateaus suggested evidence of a significant effect of the local fringe field on electron transport in the QPC region. C1 [Day, Timothy E.; Cummings, Aron W.; Burke, Adam M.; Ferry, David K.; Goodnick, Stephen M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, CINT Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Day, TE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Timothy.Day@asu.edu RI Cummings, Aron/A-1426-2014 OI Cummings, Aron/0000-0003-2307-497X FU Integrated Nano technologies; U.S.Department of Energy; LosAlamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-ACO4-94AL85000] FX This work was performed,in part,at theCenter for Integrated Nano technologies,a U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Basic Energy Science user facility at LosAlamos National Laboratory(Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396)and Sandia National Laboratories(Contract DE-ACO4-94AL85000). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-981-08-3694-8 PY 2009 BP 911 EP 914 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BZU35 UT WOS:000302997400252 ER PT S AU Neville, J Gallagher, B Eliassi-Rad, T AF Neville, Jennifer Gallagher, Brian Eliassi-Rad, Tina BE Wang, W Kargupta, H Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Evaluating Statistical Tests for Within-Network Classifiers of Relational Data SO 2009 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press ID CLASSIFICATION AB Recently a number of modeling techniques have been developed for data mining and machine learning in relational and network domains where the instances are not independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). These methods specifically exploit the statistical dependencies among instances in order to improve classification accuracy. However there has been little focus on how these same dependencies affect our ability to draw accurate conclusions about the performance of the models. More specifically, the complex link structure and attribute dependencies in network data violate the assumptions of many conventional statistical tests and make it difficult to use these tests to assess the models in an unbiased manner In this work, we examine the task of within-network classification and the question of whether two algorithms will learn models which will result in significantly different levels of petformance. We show that the commonly-used form of evaluation (paired t-test on overlapping network samples) can result in an unacceptable level of Type I error Furthermore we show that Type I error increases as (I) the correlation among instances increases and (2) the size of the evaluation set increases (i.e., the proportion of labeled nodes in the network decreases). We propose a method for network cross-validation then combined with paired t-tests produces more acceptable levels of Type I error while still providing reasonable levels of statistical power (i.e., Type II error). C1 [Neville, Jennifer] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gallagher, Brian; Eliassi-Rad, Tina] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Neville, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM neville@purdue.edu; bgallagher@llnl.gov; eliassi@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-417025)]; DARPA; NSF [NBCHI080005, SES-0823313] FX We thank Rongjing Xiang for her assistance in experimental implementation. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-417025). This work was also supported by DARPA and NSF under contract numbers NBCHI080005 and SES-0823313. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-1-4244-5242-2 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2009 BP 397 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDM.2009.50 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTL37 UT WOS:000287216600041 ER PT S AU Shan, HH Banerjee, A Oza, NC AF Shan, Hanhuai Banerjee, Arindam Oza, Nikunj C. BE Wang, W Kargupta, H Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Discriminative Mixed-membership Models SO 2009 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press AB Although mixed-membership models have achieved great success in unsupervised learning, they have not been widely applied to classification problems. In this paper, we propose a family of discriminative mixed-membership models for classification by combining unsupervised mixed-membership models with multi-class logistic regression. In particular, we propose two variants respectively applicable to text classification based on latent Dirichlet allocation and usual feature vector classification based on mixed-membership naive Bayes models. The proposed models allow the number of components in the mixed membership to be different from the number of classes. We propose two variational inference based algorithms for learning the models, including a fast variational inference which is substantially more efficient than mean-field variational approximation. Through extensive experiments on UCI and text classification benchmark datasets, we show that the models are competitive with the state of the art, and can discover components not explicitly captured by the class labels. C1 [Shan, Hanhuai; Banerjee, Arindam] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Oza, Nikunj C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Ames, IA USA. RP Shan, HH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM shan@cs.umn.edu; banerjee@cs.umn.edu; nikunj.c.oza@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX08AC36A]; NSF [IIS-0812183] FX The research was supported by NASA grant NNX08AC36A and NSF grant IIS-0812183. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-1-4244-5242-2 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2009 BP 466 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDM.2009.58 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTL37 UT WOS:000287216600048 ER PT S AU Moriarty, PJ Butterfield, SB AF Moriarty, Patrick J. Butterfield, Sandy B. GP IEEE TI Wind Turbine Modeling Overview for Control Engineers SO 2009 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2009 CY JUN 10-12, 2009 CL St Louis, MO AB Accurate modeling of wind turbine systems is of paramount importance for controls engineers seeking to reduce loads and optimize energy capture of operating turbines in the field. When designing control systems, engineers often employ a series of models developed in the different disciplines of wind energy. The limitations and coupling of each of these models is explained to highlight how these models might influence control system design. C1 [Moriarty, Patrick J.; Butterfield, Sandy B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moriarty, PJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM patrick.moriarty@nrel.gov; sandy.butterfield@nrel.gov NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-4523-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2009 BP 2090 EP 2095 DI 10.1109/ACC.2009.5160521 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BLF29 UT WOS:000270044901018 ER PT S AU Balagadde, FK AF Balagadde, Frederick K. GP IEEE TI The New Role of the Microchemostat in the Bioengineering Revolution SO 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY SEP 03-06, 2009 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID PROGRAMMED POPULATION-CONTROL; CELL COMMUNICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC CIRCUITS; MAINTENANCE; BACTERIA AB Since the inception of synthetic biology as a discipline, bioengineers have used the electronic circuit paradigm to analyze, model, simulate and interpret the behavior of genetic circuits. In this paper, we elaborate upon the effect of evolution as an overriding attribute of the biological systems, which makes genetic circuits inherently fickle compared to their electronic counterparts. Shrinking the volume of programmed microbial population reduces the effects of evolution. This concept was demonstrated by characterizing the dynamics of Escherichia call cells carrying a synthetic "population control" circuit, which regulates cell density through a feedback mechanism based on quorum sensing. The microchemostat prolonged the lifetime of the programmed circuit by at least an order of magnitude compared macro-scale characterization schemes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balagadde, FK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM balagadde1@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-3295-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2009 BP 1064 EP 1066 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5335037 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BQB05 UT WOS:000280543600271 ER PT S AU Karnowski, TP Aykac, D Chaum, E Giancardo, L Li, Y Tobin, KW Abramoff, MD AF Karnowski, T. P. Aykac, D. Chaum, E. Giancardo, L. Li, Y. Tobin, K. W., Jr. Abramoff, M. D. GP IEEE TI Practical Considerations for Optic Nerve Location in Telemedicine SO 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY SEP 03-06, 2009 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHS; SEGMENTATION; POPULATION; DISC AB The projected increase in diabetes in the United States and worldwide has created a need for broad-based, inexpensive screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye disease which can lead to vision impairment. A telemedicine network with retina cameras and automated quality control, physiological feature location, and lesion/anomaly detection is a low-cost way of achieving broad-based screening. In this work we report on the effect of quality estimation on an optic nerve (ON) detection method with a confidence metric. We report on an improvement of the method using a data set from an ophthalmologist practice then show the results of the method as a function of image quality on a set of images from an on-line telemedicine network collected in Spring 2009 and another broad-based screening program. We show that the fusion method, combined with quality estimation processing, can improve detection performance and also provide a method for utilizing a physician-in-the-loop for images that may exceed the capabilities of automated processing. C1 [Karnowski, T. P.; Aykac, D.; Giancardo, L.; Tobin, K. W., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chaum, E.; Li, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Abramoff, M. D.] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Ophthalmol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Karnowski, TP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM karnowskitp@ornl.gov OI Giancardo, Luca/0000-0002-4862-2277 FU National Eye Institute of National Institutes of Health [R01 EY017065, R01 EY017066]; Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY; Plough Foundation; Memphis TN; elta Health Alliance; toneville MS; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY; Oak Ridge, TN, USA [37831-6285]; UTBATTELLE; LLC for the US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported in part by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R01 EY017065 and R01 EY017066), the Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY, the Plough Foundation, Memphis TN, and the Delta Health Alliance, Stoneville MS. This paper was prepared by OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 37831-6285, operated by UTBATTELLE, LLC for the US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-3295-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2009 BP 6205 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334626 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BQB05 UT WOS:000280543605006 ER PT S AU Baba, JS Letzen, BS Ericson, MN Cote, GL Xu, W Wilson, MA AF Baba, J. S. Letzen, B. S. Ericson, M. N. Cote, G. L. Xu, W. Wilson, M. A. GP IEEE TI Development of a Multispectral Tissue Characterization System for Optimization of an Implantable Perfusion Status Monitor for Transplanted Liver SO 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY SEP 03-06, 2009 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TURBID MEDIA; SCATTERING; OXYGENATION; SIMILARITY AB Optimizing wavelength selection for monitoring perfusion during liver transplant requires an in-depth characterization of liver optical properties. With these, the impact of liver absorption and scattering properties can be investigated to select optimal wavelengths for perfusion monitoring. To accomplish this, we are developing a single integrating-sphere-based technique using a unique spatially resolved diffuse reflectance system for multispectral optical properties determination for thick samples. We report early results using a monochromatic source to measure the optical properties of well characterized tissue phantoms made from polystyrene spheres and Trypan blue. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of using this unique system to measure optical properties of tissue phantoms. We are currently in the process of implementing an automated Levenberg-Marquardt diffuse-reflectance-profile fitting algorithm to enable near realtime robust computation of sample optical properties. Future work will focus on the incorporation of multispectral capability to provide needed data to facilitate development of more realistic liver tissue phantoms. C1 [Baba, J. S.; Letzen, B. S.; Ericson, M. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cote, G. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Biomed Engn Dept, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Xu, W.; Wilson, M. A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA. RP Baba, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM babajs@ornl.gov; gcote@tamu.edu; Mark.Wilson5@va.gov RI Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Institutes of Health [1R01-GM077150-01A1] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, and in part by the National Institutes of Health under Grant 1R01-GM077150-01A1. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-3295-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2009 BP 6565 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334499 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BQB05 UT WOS:000280543605097 ER PT S AU Kerekes, RA Gleason, SS Trivedi, N Solecki, DJ AF Kerekes, Ryan A. Gleason, Shaun S. Trivedi, Niraj Solecki, David J. GP IEEE TI Automated 3-D Tracking of Centrosomes in Sequences of Confocal Image Stacks SO 2009 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-20 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY SEP 03-06, 2009 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc ID SCALES AB In order to facilitate the study of neuron migration, we propose a method for 3-D detection and tracking of centrosomes in time-lapse confocal image stacks of live neuron cells. We combine Laplacian-based blob detection, adaptive thresholding, and the extraction of scale and roundness features to find centrosome-like objects in each frame. We link these detections using the joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF) tracking algorithm with a Newtonian state-space model tailored to the motion characteristics of centrosomes in live neurons. We apply our algorithm to image sequences containing multiple cells, some of which had been treated with motion-inhibiting drugs. We provide qualitative results and quantitative comparisons to manual segmentation and tracking results showing that our average motion estimates agree to within 13% of those computed manually by neurobiologists. C1 [Kerekes, Ryan A.; Gleason, Shaun S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Trivedi, Niraj; Solecki, David J.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Dev Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Kerekes, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kerekesra@ornl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or alloyy others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-3295-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2009 BP 6994 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5333856 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BQB05 UT WOS:000280543605205 ER PT B AU Darby, JL AF Darby, John L. GP IEEE TI Tools for Evaluating Risk of Terrorist Acts Using Fuzzy Sets and Belief/Plausibility SO 2009 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 14-17, 2009 CL Cincinnati, OH DE risk of terrorist acts; fuzzy sets; epistemic uncertainty; approximate reasoning; belief and plausibility; LinguisticBelief software AB Terrorist acts are intentional and therefore differ significantly from "dumb" random acts that are the subject of most risk analyses. There is significant epistemic (state of knowledge) uncertainty associated with such intentional acts, especially for the likelihood of specific attack scenarios. Also, many of the variables of concern are not numeric and should be treated as purely linguistic (words). Epistemic uncertainty can be addressed using the belief/plausibility measure of uncertainty, an extension of the traditional probability measure of uncertainty. Fuzzy sets can be used to segregate a variable into purely linguistic values. Linguistic variables can be combined using an approximate reasoning rule base to map combinations of fuzzy sets of the constituent variables to fuzzy sets of the resultant variable. We have implemented the mathematics of fuzzy sets, approximate reasoning, and belief/plausibility into Java software tools. The PoolEvidence (c) software tool combines evidence (pools) from different experts. The LinguisticBelief (R) software tool evaluates the risk associated with scenarios of concern using the pooled evidence as input. The tools are not limited to the evaluation of terrorist risk; they are useful for evaluating any decision involving significant epistemic uncertainty and linguistic variables. Sandia National Laboratories' analysts have applied the tools to: risk of terrorist acts, security of nuclear materials, cyber security, prediction of movements of plumes of hazardous materials, and issues with nuclear weapons. This paper focuses on evaluating the risk of acts of terrorism. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Darby, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jldarby@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4575-2 PY 2009 BP 350 EP 354 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BMC16 UT WOS:000271827700060 ER PT S AU Jing, ZX Chen, HY Ngan, HW Wang, JH AF Jing, Zhaoxia Chen, Haoyong Ngan, H. W. Wang, Jianhui GP IEEE TI Effect of Agent's Action Domain Repesentation Method in Agent-based Electricity Market Simulation SO 2009 ASIA-PACIFIC POWER AND ENERGY ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APPEEC), VOLS 1-7 SE Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) CY MAR 28-31, 2009 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Wuhan Univ DE electricity market; reinforcement learning; action domain; bid formal; market mechanism ID POWER AB Bid format is a crucial feature of electricity market mechanism. Correspondingly, in agent based electricity market simulation, how to model agent's bid format and represent action domain is also an important aspect to construct a valid learning method. In this paper, two methods to generator agents' action domains are presented and their effects to the simulation result are analyzed on a 4-generator system. The result shows that in agent-based simulation, agent action domain representation can strongly affect the simulation result. With all other parameters the same, different action domain generating methods lead to different average clearing prices which means different capability of executing market power. C1 [Jing, Zhaoxia; Chen, Haoyong] South China Univ Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Ngan, H. W.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA. RP Jing, ZX (reprint author), South China Univ Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zxjing@scut.edu.cn; eehychen@scut.edu.cn; eehwngan@polyu.edu.hk; jianhui.wang@anl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2157-4839 BN 978-1-4244-2486-3 J9 ASIA-PAC POWER ENERG PY 2009 BP 2876 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BLL94 UT WOS:000270497301264 ER PT B AU Chinthavali, M Zhang, H Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B AF Chinthavali, Machu Zhang, Hui Tolbert, Leon M. Ozpineci, Burak GP IEEE TI UPDATE ON SIC-BASED INVERTER TECHNOLOGY SO 2009 BRAZILIAN POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2009 CL Bonito, BRAZIL SP Power Elect Soc DE Inverter; Silicon carbide (SiC) AB This paper presents a study of Silicon Carbide (SiC) technology which includes device characterization and modeling, inverter simulation, and test results for several prototype inverters. The static and dynamic characteristics of discrete devices and half bridge modules are presented. Test results of a 55 kW hybrid inverter with SiC Schottky diodes and an 18 kW all-SiC inverter using SiC JFETs and Schottky diodes are demonstrated. C1 [Chinthavali, Machu; Tolbert, Leon M.; Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Hui; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chinthavali, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.; The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish from the contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3369-8 PY 2009 BP 1214 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BPB08 UT WOS:000278416900175 ER PT B AU Eto, J Lasseter, R Schenkman, B Stevens, J Klapp, D Volkommer, H Linton, E Hurtado, H Roy, J AF Eto, J. Lasseter, R. Schenkman, B. Stevens, J. Klapp, D. Volkommer, H. Linton, E. Hurtado, Hector Roy, J. GP IEEE TI Overview of the CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed SO 2009 CIGRE/IEEE PES JOINT SYMPOSIUM INTEGRATION OF WIDE-SCALE RENEWABLE RESOURCES INTO THE POWER DELIVERY SYSTEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CIGRE/IEEE PES Joint Symposium on Integration of Wide-Scale Renewable Resources into the Power Delivery System CY JUL 29-31, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP CIGRE, IEEE, PES DE Field Experience; Laboratory and Test Results AB The objective of the CERTS Microgrid Test Bed project was to enhance the ease of integrating energy sources into a microgrid. The project accomplished this objective by developing and demonstrating three advanced techniques, collectively referred to as the CERTS Microgrid concept, that significantly reduce the level of custom field engineering needed to operate microgrids consisting of generating sources less than 100kW. The techniques comprising the CERTS Microgrid concept are: 1) a method for effecting automatic and seamless transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes of operation, islanding the microgrid's load from a disturbance, thereby maintaining a higher level of service, without impacting the integrity of the utility's electrical power grid; 2) an approach to electrical protection within a limited source microgrid that does not depend on high fault currents; and 3) a method for microgrid control that achieves voltage and frequency stability under islanded conditions without requiring high-speed communications between sources. These techniques were demonstrated at a full-scale test bed built near Columbus, Ohio and operated by American Electric Power. The testing fully confirmed earlier research that had been conducted initially through analytical simulations, then through laboratory emulations, and finally through factory acceptance testing of individual microgrid components. The islanding and resychronization method met all Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 1547 and power quality requirements. The electrical protection system was able to distinguish between normal and faulted operation. The controls were found to be robust under all conditions, including difficult motor starts and high impedance faults. The results from these tests are expected to lead to additional testing of enhancements to the basic techniques at the test bed to improve the business case for microgrid technologies, as well to field demonstrations involving microgrids that involve one or more of the CERTS Microgrid concepts. Future planned microgrid work involves unattended continuous operation of the microgrid for 30 to 60 days to determine how utility faults impact the operation of the microgrid and to gage the power quality and reliability improvements offered by microgrids. C1 [Eto, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lasseter, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Schenkman, B.; Stevens, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Klapp, D.; Volkommer, H.] Amer Elect Power Co, Louisa, KY USA. [Linton, E.; Hurtado, Hector] Northern Power Syst, Barre, VT USA. [Roy, J.] Tecogen Inc, Waltham, MA USA. RP Eto, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Energy System Integration Division of the Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission [500-03-024]; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution; U. S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by the Energy System Integration Division of the Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission under Contract No. 500-03-024. This work was supported by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution, U. S. Dept. of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4860-9 PY 2009 BP 278 EP 285 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPC70 UT WOS:000278530700030 ER PT B AU Marnay, C Lai, J Stadler, M Siddiqui, A AF Marnay, Chris Lai, Judy Stadler, Michael Siddiqui, Afzal GP IEEE TI Added Value of Reliability to a Microgrid: Simulations of Three California Buildings SO 2009 CIGRE/IEEE PES JOINT SYMPOSIUM INTEGRATION OF WIDE-SCALE RENEWABLE RESOURCES INTO THE POWER DELIVERY SYSTEM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CIGRE/IEEE PES Joint Symposium on Integration of Wide-Scale Renewable Resources into the Power Delivery System CY JUL 29-31, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP CIGRE, IEEE, PES DE buildings; cogeneration; cooling; dispersed storage and generation; microgrids; optimization methods; power quality; power system reliability; power system economics AB The Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model is used to estimate the value an Oakland nursing home, a Riverside high school, and a Sunnyvale data center would need to put on higher electricity service reliability for them to adopt a Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions Microgrid (CM) based on economics alone. A fraction of each building's load is deemed critical based on its mission, and the added cost of CM capability to meet it added to on-site generation options. The three sites are analyzed with various resources available as microgrid components. Results show that the value placed on higher reliability often does not have to be significant for CM to appear attractive, about 25 $/kW.a and up, but the carbon footprint consequences are mixed because storage is often used to shift cheaper off-peak electricity to use during afternoon hours in competition with the solar sources. C1 [Marnay, Chris] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lai, Judy; Stadler, Michael] Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Siddiqui, Afzal] UCL, Dept Stat Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Marnay, C (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM C_Marnay@lbl.gov; JLai@lbl.gov; MStadler@lbl.gov; afzal@stats.ucl.ac.uk NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4860-9 PY 2009 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPC70 UT WOS:000278530700044 ER PT B AU Lin, B Urayama, S Saroufeem, RMG Matthews, DL Demos, SG AF Lin, Bevin Urayama, Shiro Saroufeem, Ramez M. G. Matthews, Dennis L. Demos, Stavros G. GP IEEE TI Autofluorescence Microscopy for Real-Time Imaging of Human Esophageal Disease SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Autofluorescence microscopy is explored for real-time imaging of human esophagus tissue and detection of disease associated modifications. This approach was also tested using a prototype endoscopy probe. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Lin, Bevin; Matthews, Dennis L.; Demos, Stavros G.] Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, 2700 Stockton Blvd,Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Urayama, Shiro] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Saroufeem, Ramez M. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Matthews, Dennis L.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lin, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, 2700 Stockton Blvd,Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM b.lin@cbst.ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 5 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300003 ER PT B AU Haefner, C Hackel, R Halpin, J Crane, JK Messerly, MJ Nissen, JD Shverdin, M Shaw, B Dawson, JW Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF Haefner, C. Hackel, R. Halpin, J. Crane, J. K. Messerly, M. J. Nissen, J. D. Shverdin, M. Shaw, B. Dawson, J. W. Siders, C. W. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI Dispersion balancing of complex CPA-systems using the phase-shifting technique SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Dispersion balancing in complex, high-intensity, chirped-pulse-amplification, laser systems is critical for optimizing temporal pulse fidelity. We demonstrate a method for dispersion management of the eight-beam, Petawatt Advanced Radiographic Capability Laser being built at the National Ignition Facility utilizing the phase shift technique. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Haefner, C.; Hackel, R.; Halpin, J.; Crane, J. K.; Messerly, M. J.; Nissen, J. D.; Shverdin, M.; Shaw, B.; Dawson, J. W.; Siders, C. W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haefner, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haefner2@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300160 ER PT B AU Prasankumar, RP Ku, Z Gin, A Upadhya, PC Brueck, SRJ Taylor, AJ AF Prasankumar, R. P. Ku, Z. Gin, A. Upadhya, P. C. Brueck, S. R. J. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Optical Wide Field Microscopy SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID DETECTOR ARRAY AB An ultrafast optical microscope capable of rapidly and sensitively acquiring wide field optical images with sub-100 femtosecond temporal resolution and micrometer spatial resolution is demonstrated for the first time. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Prasankumar, R. P.; Upadhya, P. C.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prasankumar, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov RI Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300188 ER PT B AU Liscidini, M Wei, X Kang, C Rong, G Retterer, ST Patrini, M Sipe, JE Weiss, SM AF Liscidini, M. Wei, X. Kang, C. Rong, G. Retterer, S. T. Patrini, M. Sipe, J. E. Weiss, S. M. GP IEEE TI Gratings on porous silicon structures for sensing applications SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID DIFFRACTION AB We investigate the use of gratings on porous silicon structures for sensing applications. Examples of two classes of systems are Studied: grating-coupled waveguide biosensors, and diffraction-based biosensors. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Liscidini, M.; Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Wei, X.; Rong, G.; Weiss, S. M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Kang, C.; Weiss, S. M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Mat Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Retterer, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Patrini, M.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, CNISM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Liscidini, M (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Sipe, John/B-4668-2014; Liscidini, Marco/B-4731-2014; Rong, Guoguang/E-6096-2015 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Liscidini, Marco/0000-0003-4001-9569; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 427 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300215 ER PT B AU Waldmueller, I Wanke, MC Lerttamrab, M Allen, D Chow, WW AF Waldmueller, Ines Wanke, Michael C. Lerttamrab, Maytee Allen, Dan Chow, Weng W. GP IEEE TI Inverse-Quantum-Engineering: a new methodology for designing THz QCLs for basic and applied research SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate the general capabilities of the developed methodology by tuning the emission frequency of a GaAs/AlGa(1-x)As THz QCL over a frequency range of 2.9 THz, and the Al fraction over a range of 0.17. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Waldmueller, Ines; Wanke, Michael C.; Lerttamrab, Maytee; Allen, Dan; Chow, Weng W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Waldmueller, I (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM iwaldmu@sandia.gov RI Montano, Ines/I-7497-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300236 ER PT B AU Fischer, AJ Koleske, DD Wendt, JR AF Fischer, A. J. Koleske, D. D. Wendt, J. R. GP IEEE TI Surface plasmon enhanced emission from InGaN single-quantum-well light emitting diodes SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Electrically injected surface plasmon LEDs have been demonstrated for InGaN light emitting diodes with emission at 460 nm. A seven times enhancement has been observed at high currents with larger enhancements observed at lower currents. square 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Fischer, A. J.; Koleske, D. D.; Wendt, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fischer, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ajfisch@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 616 EP 617 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300310 ER PT B AU Cai, WW Kranendonk, LA Ewing, D Ma, L AF Cai, Weiwei Kranendonk, Laura A. Ewing, David Ma, Lin GP IEEE TI Characterization of Soot Aggregates Based on Polarization Modulated Scattering SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB A sensor is demonstrated to characterize soot aggregates based on polarization modulated scattering. Comparison with other techniques shows promising agreement, and extension of the sensor to 1 or 2-dimensional soot imaging is discussed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Cai, Weiwei; Ewing, David; Ma, Lin] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Kranendonk, Laura A.] NTRC, Fuels Engine & Emissions Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Cai, WW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI cai, weiwei/Q-5932-2016 OI cai, weiwei/0000-0003-3589-7500 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 706 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300355 ER PT B AU Chow, WW AF Chow, W. W. GP IEEE TI Studies on the relative advantages of quantum-dot and quantum-well gain media in lasers and amplifiers SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB The merit of quantum-dot versus quantum-well lasers is much debated. This paper describes an attempt at an answer by examining intrinsic behavior and underlying physics, using a microscopic theory with a rigorous treatment of scattering. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wwchow@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 734 EP 735 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300369 ER PT B AU Watts, MR Zortman, WA Trotter, DC Nielson, GN Luck, DL Young, RW AF Watts, Michael R. Zortman, William A. Trotter, Douglas C. Nielson, Gregory N. Luck, David L. Young, Ralph W. GP IEEE TI Adiabatic Resonant Microrings (ARMs) with Directly Integrated Thermal Microphotonics SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB A new class of microphotonic-resonators, Adiabatic Resonant Microrings (ARMs), is introduced. The ARM resonator geometry enables heater elements to be formed within the resonator, simultaneously enabling record low-power (4.4 mu W/GHz) and record high-speed (1 mu s) thermal tuning. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Watts, Michael R.; Zortman, William A.; Trotter, Douglas C.; Nielson, Gregory N.; Luck, David L.; Young, Ralph W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Watts, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mwatts@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 812 EP 813 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300409 ER PT B AU Peralta, XG Brener, I Azad, A Chen, HT Smirnova, E Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF AF Peralta, X. G. Brener, I. Azad, A. Chen, H. -T. Smirnova, E. Taylor, A. J. O'Hara, J. F. GP IEEE TI THz Polarimetric Components Based on Metamaterials SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB The interrelation between transmission amplitude and phase spectra of anisotropic metamaterials enables us to develop realistic designs for a terahertz quarter-wave plate and a polarizing terahertz beam splitter based on an anisotropic metamaterial structure. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Peralta, X. G.; Brener, I.] Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peralta, XG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, POB 5800,MS1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM xgperal@sandia.gov RI Azad, Abul/B-1163-2011; Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 978 EP 979 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300492 ER PT B AU Phillips, MC Taubman, MS Myers, TL AF Phillips, M. C. Taubman, M. S. Myers, T. L. GP IEEE TI Multiple Chemical Sensor Using a Rapidly Tuned External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID SPECTROSCOPY AB We demonstrate simultaneous detection of multiple airborne chemicals at low-ppb concentrations using a sensor based on a rapid tuning of an external cavity quantum cascade laser from 7.87-8.70 mu m. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Phillips, M. C.; Taubman, M. S.; Myers, T. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.phillips@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1019 EP 1020 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300513 ER PT B AU Buric, MP Chen, KP Falk, J Woodruff, SD AF Buric, Michael P. Chen, Kevin P. Falk, Joel Woodruff, Steven D. GP IEEE TI Improved Sensitivity Spontaneous Raman Scattering Multi-Gas Sensor SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report a backward-wave spontaneous-Raman multi-gas sensor employing a hollow-core photonic-bandgap-fiber to contain gasses and increase interaction length. Silica Raman noise and detection speed are reduced using a digital spatial filter and a cladding seal. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Buric, Michael P.; Chen, Kevin P.; Falk, Joel; Woodruff, Steven D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Buric, MP (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM kchen@engr.pitt.edu; falk@engr.pitt.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1021 EP 1022 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300514 ER PT B AU Heebner, JE Sarantos, CH AF Heebner, John E. Sarantos, Chris H. GP IEEE TI Progress Towards the Solid-State All-Optical Streak Camera SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID BEAM DEFLECTION; WAVE; MODULATION; PULSES AB We report progress towards the development of an ultrafast optical beam deflector enabling the single-shot recording of optical signals with near ps resolution at high dynamic range (10(3) - 10(5)). (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Heebner, John E.; Sarantos, Chris H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heebner, JE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM heebner@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1189 EP 1190 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300598 ER PT B AU Chen, HT Padilla, WJ Cich, MJ Azad, AK Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ AF Chen, Hou-Tong Padilla, Willie J. Cich, Michael J. Azad, Abu K. Averitt, Richard D. Taylor, Antoinette J. GP IEEE TI A Broadband Terahertz Metamaterial Electrical Modulator SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate hybrid metamaterial devices that are able to electrically switch their resonances therefore the terahertz transmission properties at room temperature. The interrelated amplitude switching and phase shifting allow for fast broadband external terahertz modulation. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; Azad, Abu K.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663,MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1201 EP 1202 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300604 ER PT B AU Settersten, TB AF Settersten, Thomas B. GP IEEE TI Probing Gas-Phase Collisional Energy Transfer with Picosecond Laser Spectroscopy SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Effects of gas-phase collisions oil active optical sensing and use of picosecond laser spectroscopy for their characterization are reviewed. Additionally, novel time-resolved approaches to reduce collisional sensitivity and to exploit species-dependent collision rates are discussed. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Settersten, TB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tbsette@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1243 EP 1244 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751300625 ER PT B AU Dai, Q Schubert, MF Kim, MH Kim, JK Schubert, EF Koleske, DD Crawford, MH Lee, SR Fischer, AJ Thaler, G Banas, MA AF Dai, Q. Schubert, M. F. Kim, M. H. Kim, J. K. Schubert, E. F. Koleske, D. D. Crawford, M. H. Lee, S. R. Fischer, A. J. Thaler, G. Banas, M. A. GP IEEE TI Internal Quantum Efficiency and Non-radiative Recombination Coefficient of GaInN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells with Different Dislocation Densities SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements are performed on GaInN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on GaN-on-sapphire templates with different threading-dislocation densities. The internal quantum. efficiencies as a function of carrier concentration and the non-radiative coefficients are obtained. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Dai, Q.; Schubert, M. F.; Kim, M. H.; Kim, J. K.; Schubert, E. F.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Dept Appl Phys & d Astron, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Koleske, D. D.; Crawford, M. H.; Lee, S. R.; Fischer, A. J.; Thaler, G.; Banas, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM EFSchubert@rpi.edu FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1363 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301005 ER PT B AU Phillips, MC Qiao, HA Bernacki, BE Anheier, NC AF Phillips, M. C. Qiao, H. A. Bernacki, B. E. Anheier, N. C. GP IEEE TI Characterization of Single-Mode Chalcogenide Glass Waveguides at 8.35 mu m SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Laser-written single-mode waveguides in As(2)Se(3)/As(2)S(3) films were characterized at 8.35 mu m using the Fabry-Perot technique. Waveguide loss and refractive index were measured as a function of writing dose and compared to modeling results. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Phillips, M. C.; Qiao, H. A.; Bernacki, B. E.; Anheier, N. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.phillips@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1501 EP 1502 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301074 ER PT B AU Azad, AK Tian, Z Chen, HT Lu, XC Kasarla, SR Zhang, WL Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF AF Azad, Abul K. Tian, Zhen Chen, Hou-Tong Lu, Xinchao Kasarla, Satish R. Zhang, Weili Taylor, Antoinette J. O'Hara, John F. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Optical Control of Terahertz Surface Plasmon Polariton in Subwavelength Hole-Arrays at Room Temperature SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID TRANSMISSION AB We demonstrate ultrafast optical control of surface plasmon assisted terahertz (THz) transmission in a subwavelength metallic hole array on a semiconductor substrate. The transient photoconductivity of the substrate allows modulation of the THz resonance amplitude via optical excitation with a time scale of similar to 10 ps. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Azad, Abul K.; Chen, Hou-Tong; Kasarla, Satish R.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tian, Zhen; Lu, Xinchao; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Azad, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aazad@lanl.gov RI Tian, Zhen/D-8707-2015 OI Tian, Zhen/0000-0002-2861-4325 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1726 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301187 ER PT B AU Ribaudo, T Shaner, EA Howard, SS Gmachl, C Wang, X Choa, FS Wasserman, D AF Ribaudo, T. Shaner, E. A. Howard, S. S. Gmachl, C. Wang, X. Choa, F. S. Wasserman, D. GP IEEE TI Active Control and Spatial Mapping of Mid-Infrared Propagating Surface Plasmons SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION AB Surface waves on metal films with subwavelength features and tunable optical resonances are excited with a quantum cascade laser. The resulting transmission through, and propagation on, the metal/dielectric interface is measured, both spectrally and spatially. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Ribaudo, T.; Wasserman, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Shaner, E. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Howard, S. S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, X.] Adtech Optics Inc, City Of Industry, CA 91748 USA. [Choa, F. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Country, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Ribaudo, T (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1862 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301256 ER PT B AU Crankshaw, S Chen, R Kuntz, M Chuang, LC Moewe, M Schuck, PJ Chang-Hasnain, C AF Crankshaw, S. Chen, R. Kuntz, M. Chuang, L. C. Moewe, M. Schuck, P. J. Chang-Hasnain, C. GP IEEE TI Observation of Strong Second Harmonic Generation from a Single Wurtzite GaAs Nanoneedle SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate second harmonic generation from a single GaAs nanoneedle with a wurtzite crystal structure. The optical anisotropy of the polar crystal results in strong nonlinear optical conversion compared to normal zincblende GaAs. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Crankshaw, S.; Chen, R.; Kuntz, M.; Chuang, L. C.; Moewe, M.; Chang-Hasnain, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schuck, P. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crankshaw, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shanna@eecs.berkeley.edu FU DARPA [HR0011-04-1-0040] FX The authors acknowledge project funding is from DARPA grant HR0011-04-1-0040. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1983 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301319 ER PT B AU Seletskiy, DV Melgaard, SD Bigotta, S Di Lieto, A Tonelli, M Epstein, RI Sheik-Bahae, M AF Seletskiy, Denis V. Melgaard, Seth D. Bigotta, Stefano Di Lieto, Alberto Tonelli, Mauro Epstein, Richard I. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Demonstration of an Optical Cryocooler SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID REFRIGERATION AB We present the first observation of cryogenic operation in an all-solid-state refrigerator. A temperature drop of similar to 150 K is demonstrated in a 0.2 c m(3) rare-earth doped fluoride crystal (Yb:YLF) using anti-Stokes fluorescence, at a record cooling power of 110 mW. Lowest electronic transition within Yb3+ Stark manifold along with cavity enhanced absorption and thermal-load management were key in achieving this operation. We show that temperatures down to 100 K are achievable in this arrangement given sufficient absorbed laser power at 1020 rim. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Seletskiy, Denis V.; Melgaard, Seth D.; Epstein, Richard I.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bigotta, Stefano; Di Lieto, Alberto; Tonelli, Mauro] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fisica, NEST CNR, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Epstein, Richard I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Seletskiy, DV (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM denisel@unm.edu RI Bigotta, Stefano/F-8652-2011 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2007 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301331 ER PT B AU Dolgaleva, K Boyd, RW Milonni, PW AF Dolgaleva, Ksenia Boyd, Robert W. Milonni, Peter W. GP IEEE TI Laser Gain Media Based on Nanocomposite Materials SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID LOCAL-FIELD AB We develop simple theoretical models for calculating the gain of layered and Maxwell Garnett composite materials with a resonant component. Laser systems that utilize such composite gain media could display significantly improved properties. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Dolgaleva, Ksenia; Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Milonni, Peter W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dolgaleva, K (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM ksenia@optics.rochester.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2076 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302020 ER PT B AU Shi, ZM Piredda, G Liapis, AC Nelson, MA Novotny, L Boyd, RW AF Shi, Zhimin Piredda, Giovanni Liapis, Andreas C. Nelson, Mark A. Novotny, Lukas Boyd, Robert W. GP IEEE TI Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Metal-Dielectric Nanocomposite Films SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the surface plasmon polaritons supported by a metal-dielectric nanocomposite film have properties that fall into one of three distinct categories depending on the metal fill fraction. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Shi, Zhimin; Piredda, Giovanni; Liapis, Andreas C.; Novotny, Lukas; Boyd, Robert W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Nelson, Mark A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shi, ZM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM zshi@optics.rochester.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECS-0355206, ECCS-0651079] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the help ofBrian McIntyre and Brad Deutsch in sample preparation and characterization. M. A. Nelson acknowledges Dr. Charles Ying for directing pulsed laser deposition techniques. Z. S., G. P., A. C. L., and R. W.B. acknowledge National Science Foundation (NSF) grant ECS-0355206, and L. N. acknowledges NSF grant ECCS-0651079 for financial support. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2117 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302041 ER PT B AU Dani, KM Ku, Z Upadhya, PC Prasankumar, RP Brueck, SRJ Taylor, AJ AF Dani, Keshav M. Ku, Zahyun Upadhya, Prashanth C. Prasankumar, Rohit P. Brueck, S. R. J. Taylor, Antoinette J. GP IEEE TI Sub-Picosecond Optical Switching in the Near-Infrared Using Negative Index Metamaterials SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX AB We study the ultrafast non-linear optical properties of a negative-index metamaterial. In particular, we achieve sub-picosecond optical switching allowing for terabits per second modulation at telecommunication wavelengths. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Dani, Keshav M.; Upadhya, Prashanth C.; Prasankumar, Rohit P.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ku, Zahyun; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat & Elect, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Dani, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM KMDani@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2247 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302107 ER PT B AU Cho, DJ Wu, W Ponizovskaya, E Chaturvedi, P Bratkovsky, AM Wang, SY Zhang, X Wang, F Shen, YR AF Cho, David J. Wu, Wei Ponizovskaya, Ekaterina Chaturvedi, Pratik Bratkovsky, Alexander M. Wang, Shih-Yuan Zhang, Xiang Wang, Feng Shen, Y. Ron GP IEEE TI Ultrafast modulation of optical metamaterials SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID INDEX AB The optical response of fishnet metamaterial can be modulated in femtosecond time scale. This modulation dynamics is mainly determined by the constituting dielectric medium, but the modulation magnitude is greatly enhanced through the plasmon resonance. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Cho, David J.; Wang, Feng; Shen, Y. Ron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Wei; Ponizovskaya, Ekaterina; Chaturvedi, Pratik; Bratkovsky, Alexander M.; Wang, Shih-Yuan] Hewlett Packard Labs, Quantum Sci Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Etcheverry Hall 5130, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shen, Y. Ron] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 97420 USA. RP Cho, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM djycho@berkeley.edu RI Wang, Shih-Yuan/C-3889-2009 OI Wang, Shih-Yuan/0000-0002-1212-3484 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2249 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302108 ER PT B AU Prasankumar, RP Chow, WW Attaluri, RS Shenoi, R Krishna, S Taylor, AJ AF Prasankumar, R. P. Chow, W. W. Attaluri, R. S. Shenoi, R. Krishna, S. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Light-Matter Coupling Across Multiple Spatial Dimensions in a Quantum Dots-in-a-Well Heterostructure SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID ULTRAFAST CARRIER DYNAMICS AB Ultrafast density-dependent optical spectroscopic measurements on a quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure reveal several distinctive phenomena, most notably a strong coupling between the quantum well population and light absorption at the quantum dot excited state. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Prasankumar, R. P.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chow, W. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Attaluri, R. S.; Shenoi, R.; Krishna, S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Prasankumar, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2341 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302154 ER PT B AU Brizuela, F Wang, Y Brewer, CA Pedaci, F Chao, WL Anderson, EH Liu, Y Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Wachulak, P Marconi, MC Attwood, DT Rocca, JJ Menoni, CS AF Brizuela, Fernando Wang, Yong Brewer, Courtney A. Pedaci, Francesco Chao, Weilun Anderson, Erik H. Liu, Yanwei Goldberg, Kenneth A. Naulleau, Patrick Wachulak, Przemyslaw Marconi, Mario C. Attwood, David T. Rocca, Jorge J. Menoni, Carmen S. GP IEEE TI 13.2 nm Table-Top Inspection Microscope for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Mask Defect Characterization SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID NICKEL-LIKE CADMIUM; LASER AB We report on a reflection microscope that operates at 13.2-nm wavelength with a spatial resolution of 55 +/- 3 nm. The microscope uses a table-top EUV laser to acquire images of photolithography masks in 20 seconds. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Brizuela, Fernando; Wang, Yong; Brewer, Courtney A.; Pedaci, Francesco; Wachulak, Przemyslaw; Marconi, Mario C.; Rocca, Jorge J.; Menoni, Carmen S.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chao, Weilun; Anderson, Erik H.; Liu, Yanwei; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Naulleau, Patrick; Attwood, David T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brizuela, F (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM brizuela@engr.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2458 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302213 ER PT B AU Gagnon, E Sandhu, AS Sharma, V Santra, R Li, W Ho, P Ranitovic, P Cocke, CL Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Gagnon, E. Sandhu, A. S. Sharma, V. Santra, R. Li, W. Ho, P. Ranitovic, P. Cocke, C. L. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. GP IEEE TI The Creation of Super-Excited Electronic Feshbach Resonances by EUV-induced Dissociation of O-2 SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We resolve complex electron autoionization dynamics in molecules in real time for the first time, where a second electron cannot be ejected from O-2 until the internuclear separation of the fragments is >30 angstrom. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Gagnon, E.; Sandhu, A. S.; Sharma, V.; Li, W.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Santra, R.; Ho, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Santra, R.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Cocke, C. L.] Kansas State Univ, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gagnon, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU DOE; NSF FX This work was funded by DOE and NSF. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2505 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302237 ER PT B AU Chen, ZG Taylor, AJ Efimov, A AF Chen, Zhigang Taylor, Antoinette J. Efimov, Anatoly GP IEEE TI Coherent Mid-Infrared Broadband Generation in Non-Uniform ZBLAN Fiber Taper SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We describe and numerically demonstrate asymmetric coherent continuum generation in mid-infrared by a fundamental soliton propagating in non-uniform fiber taper via dispersive wave emission in a stabilized regime near continuously shifting second dispersion zero. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Zhigang; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Efimov, Anatoly] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Chen, ZG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM zzchen@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2593 EP 2594 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302281 ER PT B AU Upadhya, PC Li, Q Wang, GT Fischer, AJ Taylor, AJ Prasankumar, RP AF Upadhya, P. C. Li, Q. Wang, G. T. Fischer, A. J. Taylor, A. J. Prasankumar, R. P. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics in GaN Nanowires SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID GROWTH AB Time-resolved optical measurements on GaN nanowires give insight into carrier relaxation dynamics on a femtosecond timescale, allowing us to understand the nature of defect states present in the nanostructure. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Upadhya, P. C.; Taylor, A. J.; Prasankumar, R. P.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Q.; Wang, G. T.; Fischer, A. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Upadhya, PC (reprint author), Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pupadhya@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2751 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302361 ER PT B AU Shen, YZ Carr, GL Murphy, JB Tsang, TY Wang, XJ Yang, X AF Shen, Yuzhen Carr, G. L. Murphy, James B. Tsang, Thomas Y. Wang, Xijie Yang, Xi GP IEEE TI Temporal, Spectral, and Spatial Effects of Cross-Phase Modulation with Intense Single-Cycle Terahertz Pulses SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate that the intense electric field of a subpicosecond single-cycle terahertz pulse can control and manipulate the temporal, spectral, and spatial characteristics of a copropagating ultrashort laser pulse through cross-phase modulation. C1 [Shen, Yuzhen; Carr, G. L.; Murphy, James B.; Tsang, Thomas Y.; Wang, Xijie; Yang, Xi] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shen, YZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2773 EP 2774 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302372 ER PT B AU Bravo, H Szapiro, BT Wachulak, PW Marconi, MC Chao, W Anderson, EH Attwood, DT Menoni, CS Rocca, JJ AF Bravo, H. Szapiro, B. T. Wachulak, P. W. Marconi, M. C. Chao, W. Anderson, E. H. Attwood, D. T. Menoni, C. S. Rocca, J. J. GP IEEE TI Nanometer-Scale Machining by Laser Ablation with a Focused Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Beam SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID X-RAY LASER AB We report the ablation of 200 nm-top wide (130 nm FWHM) trenches on PMMA photoresist by focusing the extreme ultraviolet output from a table-top capillary discharge laser with a Fresnel zone plate lens. C1 [Bravo, H.; Szapiro, B. T.; Wachulak, P. W.; Marconi, M. C.; Menoni, C. S.; Rocca, J. J.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Szapiro, B. T.] Univ South, Dept Phys, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. [Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.; Attwood, D. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr XRay Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bravo, H (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2843 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302407 ER PT B AU Bender, DA Sheik-Bahae, M AF Bender, Daniel A. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Complimentary Ultrashort Laser Pulse Characterization using SHG FROG and MOSAIC SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB A method for generating the MOSAIC trace from the SHG FROG dataset is shown. Examples will be presented illustrating enhanced visual sensitivity, applicability and complimentary qualitative pulse characterization using SHG FROG. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Bender, Daniel A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Bender, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM dabende@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2857 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302414 ER PT B AU McDonald, JP Picard, YN Yalisove, SM Adams, DP AF McDonald, Joel P. Picard, Yoosuf N. Yalisove, Steven M. Adams, David P. GP IEEE TI Pulsed laser ignition thresholds of energetic multilayer foils SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID FEMTOSECOND; NANOSECOND; MICROSCOPY; COMBUSTION; ABLATION AB Ignition thresholds for energetic multilayer foils comprised of aluminum (AI) and platinum (Pt) layers are presented as a function of foil properties for laser pulse durations of 100 femtosecond (fs) and 30 nanosecond (ns). (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [McDonald, Joel P.; Adams, David P.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Picard, Yoosuf N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yalisove, Steven M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McDonald, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jpmcdon@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3049 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302510 ER PT B AU Liu, ZW Yao, J Liu, YM Wang, Y Sun, C Bartal, G Stacy, AM Zhang, X AF Liu, Zhaowei Yao, Jie Liu, Yongmin Wang, Yuan Sun, Cheng Bartal, Guy Stacy, Angelica M. Zhang, Xiang GP IEEE TI Bulky Nanowire Metamaterials for Negative Refraction at Broadband Frequencies from Visible to NIR SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AB We report the first bulk metamaterials at visible frequencies that shows intriguing negative refraction for all incident angles. The metamaterial is realized by growing silver nanowire in a porous alumina template. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Zhaowei; Yao, Jie; Liu, Yongmin; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Cheng; Bartal, Guy; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, 5130 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stacy, Angelica M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Zhaowei] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, 5130 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zhaowei@ucsd.edu; xiang@berkeley.edu RI Sun, Cheng/A-8111-2010 OI Sun, Cheng/0000-0002-2744-0896 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3205 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302588 ER PT B AU Albert, F Anderson, SG Anderson, G Betts, SM Gibson, DJ Hagmann, CA Johnson, MS Messerly, M Shverdin, MY Tremaine, AM Hartemann, FV Rusnak, B Siders, CW McNabb, DP Barty, CPJ AF Albert, F. Anderson, S. G. Anderson, G. Betts, S. M. Gibson, D. J. Hagmann, C. A. Johnson, M. S. Messerly, M. Shverdin, M. Y. Tremaine, A. M. Hartemann, F. V. Rusnak, B. Siders, C. W. McNabb, D. P. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI Characterization and applications of a bright, tunable, MeV class Compton scattering gamma-ray source SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report detailed spectral and spatial characterization of a 0.1-MeV-0.8 MeV tunable ultra-bright laser-based Compton scattering source. Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence experiments with the source are also presented. C1 [Albert, F.; Anderson, S. G.; Anderson, G.; Betts, S. M.; Gibson, D. J.; Hagmann, C. A.; Johnson, M. S.; Messerly, M.; Shverdin, M. Y.; Tremaine, A. M.; Hartemann, F. V.; Rusnak, B.; Siders, C. W.; McNabb, D. P.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Albert, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA USA. EM albert16@llnl.gov RI Albert, Felicie/G-2645-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3213 EP 3214 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302592 ER PT B AU N'Gom, M Norris, TB Erni, R AF N'Gom, Moussa Norris, Theodore B. Erni, Rolf GP IEEE TI Plasmon Resonance Variation from Strongly Interacting Gold Nanorods SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with spectral imaging in a transmission electron microscope is used to probe and map the energy distribution of the optical-frequency surface plasmons of coupled gold nanorods. Local field enhancement and spectral shift of the surface plasmon modes is observed when two nanoparticles are electromagnetically coupled. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [N'Gom, Moussa; Norris, Theodore B.] Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [N'Gom, Moussa; Norris, Theodore B.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Erni, Rolf] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA USA. RP N'Gom, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mngom@umich.edu RI Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014 OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3228 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302600 ER PT B AU Crawford, MH Koleske, DD Lee, SR Tsao, JY Armstrong, AM Wang, GT Fischer, AJ Wierer, JJ Coltrin, ME Shea-Rohwer, LE AF Crawford, M. H. Koleske, D. D. Lee, S. R. Tsao, J. Y. Armstrong, A. M. Wang, G. T. Fischer, A. J. Wierer, J. J. Coltrin, M. E. Shea-Rohwer, L. E. GP IEEE TI Roadblocks to High Efficiency Solid-State Lighting: Bridging the "Green-Yellow Gap" SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Lighting applications are presently limited by the lack of efficient LEDs across the visible spectrum. We review materials challenges that underlie the "green-yellow gap" in LED efficiency and describe emerging approaches for bridging that gap. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Crawford, M. H.; Koleske, D. D.; Lee, S. R.; Tsao, J. Y.; Armstrong, A. M.; Wang, G. T.; Fischer, A. J.; Wierer, J. J.; Coltrin, M. E.; Shea-Rohwer, L. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crawford, MH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mhcrawf@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3248 EP 3248 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302611 ER PT B AU Mendez, AJ Hernandez, VJ Gagliardi, RM Bennett, CV AF Mendez, Antonio J. Hernandez, Vincent J. Gagliardi, Robert M. Bennett, Corey V. GP IEEE TI Code/Pulse Position Swapping (C/PPS) for Multiple-Bits/Symbol and Reconfigurable Multiple Access Communications SO 2009 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 20-22, 2009 CL Newport Beach, CA AB An architecture for code/pulse position swapping (UPPS) is described, whereby code modulation replaces traditional pulse position modulation (PPM). The architecture supports M-ary signaling, multiple accessing, throughput vs. QoS trade-offs, and granular data rates. C1 [Mendez, Antonio J.] Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Hernandez, Vincent J.; Bennett, Corey V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gagliardi, Robert M.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Mendez, AJ (reprint author), Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM MendezRDA@aol.com RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-7NA27344]; DARPA SBIR Phase II Adoption [W31P4Q-05-C-R161] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-7NA27344. This work was funded in part by DARPA SBIR Phase II Adoption contract W31P4Q-05-C-R161. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3913-3 PY 2009 BP 31 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2009.5226237 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNS12 UT WOS:000275366700016 ER PT B AU Patton, RM Beckerman, BG Potok, TE AF Patton, Robert M. Beckerman, Barbara G. Potok, Thomas E. BE Evans, BM TI Learning Cue Phrase Patterns from Radiology Reports Using a Genetic Algorithm SO 2009 FIRST ANNUAL ORNL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual ORNL Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference CY MAR 18-19, 2009 CL Oak Ridge, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB Various computer-assisted technologies have been developed to assist radiologists in detecting cancer; however, the algorithms still lack high degrees of sensitivity and specificity, and must undergo machine learning against a training set with known pathologies in order to further refine the algorithms with higher validity of truth. This work describes an approach to learning cue phrase patterns in radiology reports that utilizes a genetic algorithm (GA) as the learning method. The approach described here successfully learned cue phrase patterns for two distinct classes of radiology reports. These patterns can then be used as a basis for automatically categorizing, clustering, or retrieving relevant data for the user. C1 [Patton, Robert M.; Beckerman, Barbara G.; Potok, Thomas E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Patton, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pattonrm@ornl.gov; beckermanbg@ornl.gov; potokte@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3837-2 PY 2009 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMB15 UT WOS:000271720900001 ER PT B AU Greenbaum, E Humayun, MS Evans, BR Kuritz, T Lee, I Pennisi, CP AF Greenbaum, Elias Humayun, Mark S. Evans, Barbara R. Kuritz, Tanya Lee, Ida Pennisi, Christian P. BE Evans, BM TI Molecular Photovoltaics and the Optical Activation of Neural Cells SO 2009 FIRST ANNUAL ORNL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual ORNL Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference CY MAR 18-19, 2009 CL Oak Ridge, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID REACTION CENTERS AB This presentation will review recent progress on the optical control of cellular activity using nanoscale photovoltaic structures. We report the preparation and analysis of complex hybrid structures that are comprised of photosynthetic protein assemblies derived from green plants and inserted into mammalian cell membranes. We also report the spatial distribution of the electric potential from Photosystem I reaction centers in lipid vesicles. C1 [Greenbaum, Elias; Evans, Barbara R.; Kuritz, Tanya] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Humayun, Mark S.] Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Doheny Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lee, Ida] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pennisi, Christian P.] Aalborg Univ, Ctr Sensory Motor Interact, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM greenbaum@ornl.gov; mhumayun@doheny.org; evansb@ornl.gov; kuritzt@ornl.gov; leei@utk.edu; cpennisi@hst.aau.dk RI Pennisi, Cristian/B-6878-2008 OI Pennisi, Cristian/0000-0002-7716-1182 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U. S. Department of Energy; Danish Research Agency and the Sygekassernes Helsefond; Denmark. Oak Ridge National Laboratory; LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy, the Danish Research Agency and the Sygekassernes Helsefond, Denmark. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3837-2 PY 2009 BP 54 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMB15 UT WOS:000271720900009 ER PT B AU Dexter, NC Kruse, KL Nutaro, JJ Ward, RC AF Dexter, Nicholas C. Kruse, Kara L. Nutaro, James J. Ward, Richard C. BE Evans, BM TI A Computational Model of Cell Migration in Response to Biochemical Diffusion SO 2009 FIRST ANNUAL ORNL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual ORNL Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference CY MAR 18-19, 2009 CL Oak Ridge, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID INVASION AB The Computational Sciences and Engineering Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is partnering with the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine to design a computational model describing various factors related to the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) in response to arterial injury. This research focuses on modeling the chemotactic and haptotactic processes that stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima. A hybrid discrete-continuous mathematical model of cell migration in response to biochemical diffusion was developed in C++. Chemoattractant diffusion is modeled as a continuous partial differential equation, whereas migration of the cells is modeled as a series of discrete events. Results obtained from the discrete state model for cell migration agree with those obtained from Boyden chamber experiments. C1 [Dexter, Nicholas C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Rochester Inst Technol, SULI Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Kruse, Kara L.; Nutaro, James J.; Ward, Richard C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dexter, NC (reprint author), 2332 Clubside Court 1415, Palm Harbor, FL 34683 USA. EM dexternc@ornl.gov; krusekl@ornl.gov; nutarojj@ornl.gov; wardrc1@ornl.gov FU Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships program FX Nicholas Dexter thanks Kara Kruse, Dr. James Nutaro, and Dr. Richard Ward for their help, support, and guidance in this research and for all of the things theyve taught him. Nicholas Dexter acknowledges support for this study from the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships program. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3837-2 PY 2009 BP 76 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMB15 UT WOS:000271720900014 ER PT B AU Siuti, P Retterer, ST Choi, CK Fowlkes, JD Doktycz, MJ AF Siuti, Piro Retterer, Scott T. Choi, Chang Kyoung Fowlkes, Jason D. Doktycz, Mitchel J. BE Evans, BM TI Cell Free Translation in Engineered Picoliter Volume Containers SO 2009 FIRST ANNUAL ORNL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual ORNL Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference CY MAR 18-19, 2009 CL Oak Ridge, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID FREE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ORGANIZATION; ENZYMES AB Engineers seek to use biological design principles to manipulate information and import new functionality to synthetic devices. Such devices inspired by natural systems could, in turn, play a crucial role in allowing biologists to explore the effects of physical transport and extreme conditions of temperature and pH on reaction systems. For example, engineered reaction containers can be physically and chemically defined to control the flux of molecules of different sizes and charge. The design and testing of such a container is described here. It has a volume of 19pL with defined slits of 200nm. The device successfully contained DNA and protein molecules and is evaluated for carrying out cell-free protein synthesis. The effect of DNA concentration and slit size on protein yield is discussed. C1 [Siuti, Piro] Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Retterer, Scott T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Choi, Chang Kyoung] Michigan Technol Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mech Engn Engn Mech, Oak Ridge, MI 49931 USA. [Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Siuti, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM psiuti@utk.edu; rettererst@ornl.gov; cchoi@mtu.edu; fowlkesjd@ornl.gov; doktyczcmj@ornl.gov RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 FU NIH Grant [EB000657]; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by NIH Grant EB000657. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. This work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.) NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3837-2 PY 2009 BP 80 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMB15 UT WOS:000271720900015 ER PT B AU Kalyanaraman, M Retterer, ST McKnight, TE Ericson, MN Allman, SL Elkins, JG Palumbo, AV Keller, M Doktycz, MJ AF Kalyanaraman, Meenaa Retterer, Scott T. McKnight, Timothy E. Ericson, M. Nance Allman, Steve L. Elkins, James G. Palumbo, Anthony V. Keller, Martin Doktycz, Mitchel J. BE Evans, BM TI Controlled microfluidic production of alginate beads for in situ encapsulation of microbes SO 2009 FIRST ANNUAL ORNL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual ORNL Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference CY MAR 18-19, 2009 CL Oak Ridge, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID SINGLE-CELL MICROBIOLOGY; GENERATION; DEVICE AB The development and refinement of a microfluidic-based alginate bead generator system for bacterial encapsulation is presented. The resulting microgels have application for the encapsulation of single cells, and can allow for small scale, clonal expansion of thousands of isolated cells in parallel. PDMS based microfluidic chips were fabricated using conventional lithography techniques to produce both externally gelled and directly gelled alginate microspheres using a controlled, water-in-oil emulsion system. The production of directly gelled beads, formed by the in-chip mixing of aqueous alginate and calcium chloride solutions dispersed within an organic carrier flowstream is qualitatively compared to a system, which produces beads and relies on diffusion of a crosslinking agent from the carrier fluid to cause gelation (external gelation). While the direct gelation scheme allows the use of biocompatible oils as the organic carrier, it also has a detrimental effect on device stability often resulting in clogging and gel-streaming at the microfluidic interface of these solutions. A design for the continuous production of directly gelled beads was evaluated in terms of the threshold flow conditions and reagent concentrations that did not result in clogging or streaming. Monodisperse alginate microgels of 30 mu m diameter were produced at frequencies of over 500 beads per second. The beads could be completely dispersed into aqueous media using an off-chip washing protocol to remove the organic phase. The microgels effectively encapsulated individual or small numbers of GFP-expressing Escherichia. coli, which could be subsequently clonally expanded. The described microfluidic platform is a robust front-end sample preparation technology that shows strong potential for use in drug delivery systems, biosensors, and other cell-based microcompartmentalization applications. The co-culturing of microbial colonies in a large population of alginate beads will allow for functional sorting and genetic analyses at the single cell level. C1 [Kalyanaraman, Meenaa; Retterer, Scott T.; Allman, Steve L.; Elkins, James G.; Palumbo, Anthony V.; Keller, Martin; Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Retterer, Scott T.; Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McKnight, Timothy E.; Ericson, M. Nance] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Doktycz, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM doktyczmj@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Keller, Martin/C-4416-2012; Elkins, James/A-6199-2011; Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Elkins, James/0000-0002-8052-5688; Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); US Department of Energy [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) managed by UT-Battelle, for the US Department of Energy under contract number De-AC05-00OR22725. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3837-2 PY 2009 BP 100 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMB15 UT WOS:000271720900020 ER PT B AU Reese, BE Barnett, RE Alaoui-Ismaili, M Habibi, E Mann, CJ AF Reese, Benjamin E. Barnett, Robert E. Alaoui-Ismaili, Mustapha Habibi, Emil Mann, Christopher J. BE Evans, BM TI Quantitative Analysis of Living Cells by Digital Holographic Microscopy SO 2009 FIRST ANNUAL ORNL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual ORNL Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference CY MAR 18-19, 2009 CL Oak Ridge, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB Digital holography is applied to obtain non-invasive quantitative phase measurements from living cells. The complex wavefront can be recorded in just a single digital image allowing for critical real-time imaging. The vertical resolution of measurements is determined to be around 3 nanometers. C1 [Reese, Benjamin E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reese, Benjamin E.; Barnett, Robert E.; Alaoui-Ismaili, Mustapha; Habibi, Emil] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Mann, CJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM manncj@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy under Contract [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research by performed as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow and staff member at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3837-2 PY 2009 BP 112 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMB15 UT WOS:000271720900023 ER PT B AU Serpersu, K Bowman, EC Watson, JA Evans, BM Gillies, GT Fillmore, HL AF Serpersu, Kaan Bowman, Erik C. Watson, Jennifer A. Evans, Boyd M., III Gillies, George T. Fillmore, Helen L. BE Evans, BM TI Optimization of Cell Suspension Media for Use in a Cytometric Neuro-Catheter SO 2009 FIRST ANNUAL ORNL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual ORNL Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference CY MAR 18-19, 2009 CL Oak Ridge, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; TRANSPLANTATION AB Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs motor and speech skills due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra. It is anticipated that future treatments will involve replacing the degenerated cells with cultivated dopamine-producing multipotent cells. Previous studies involving these treatments encountered complications due to death of the majority of injected cells. It is currently unknown if cell death occurs during delivery or after injection. A neuro-catheter has been designed that is capable of taking fluorescence-based cytometric measurements using fiber optic probes. This device will allow researchers, and eventually clinicians, to quantify the number of viable cells delivered. During delivery, a uniform distribution of cells is essential to ensure the viability of the delivered cells. In order to accomplish this, cell suspension materials are required. In order to investigate the effects of suspension materials on cell delivery, a cuvette experiment was designed and implemented. The goal of this experiment was to determine the extent of cell settling issues for several different suspension materials. The 3RT1 rat gliomal cell line was used as a model for neural cell delivery. The viability of the cells was also examined in each of the given suspension materials over a two hour period. Of the tested materials, 1% methyl cellulose in phosphate buffer saline was determined to be the best material for uniform cell delivery. C1 [Evans, Boyd M., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Serpersu, Kaan; Bowman, Erik C.; Watson, Jennifer A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gillies, George T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biomed Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Fillmore, Helen L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. RP Evans, BM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM evansbmiii@ornl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy.Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Support for this research was provided by Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Hafner. Portions of this research were sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy.Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3837-2 PY 2009 BP 139 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BMB15 UT WOS:000271720900030 ER PT B AU Katramatos, D Shroff, K Yu, DT McKee, S Robertazzi, T AF Katramatos, Dimitrios Shroff, Kunal Yu, Dantong McKee, Shawn Robertazzi, Thomas BE Borcoci, E McKee, S Bogliolo, A Dini, O TI Establishment and Management of Virtual End-to-End QoS Paths Through Modern Hybrid WANs with TeraPaths SO 2009 FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EVOLVING INTERNET (INTERNET 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Evolving Internet CY AUG 23-29, 2009 CL Cannes, FRANCE DE End-to-end QoS networking; hybrid networks; network virtualization AB The resource reservation capabilities offered by modern wide area networks, such as ESnet and Internet2, create a new network utilization model that coexists but drastically differs from the standard best-effort network paradigm. These capabilities enable the dedication of network resources to specific users/applications that may suffer from interruptions and other adverse effects because of the default best-effort behavior of networks. Extending the new capabilities through the local area networks of end sites and making them available to end users and applications in a useful, transparent, and scalable manner is a variation of the "last mile" problem. The Tera Paths project at Brookhaven National Laboratory is pioneering a framework that takes advantage of the new capabilities to establish and manage on-demand true end-to-end QoS-aware network paths dedicated to authorized data flows. In this paper, we examine the issues raised by the new end-to-end resource reservation-based networking paradigm and the implications/benefits for end users and applications. C1 [Katramatos, Dimitrios; Shroff, Kunal; Yu, Dantong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, RHIC ATLAS Comp Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McKee, Shawn] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Robertazzi, Thomas] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp ENgn, Stony Brook, NY USA. RP Katramatos, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, RHIC ATLAS Comp Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dkat@bnl.gov; shroffk@bnl.gov; dtyu@bnl.gov; smckee@umich.edu; tom@ece.sunysb.edu RI McKee, Shawn/B-6435-2012 OI McKee, Shawn/0000-0002-4551-4502 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4718-3 PY 2009 BP 39 EP + DI 10.1109/INTERNET.2009.13 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUN96 UT WOS:000289870300007 ER PT B AU Danilina, I Gillespie, A Balick, L Mushkin, A Smith, M O'Neal, M AF Danilina, Iryna Gillespie, Alan Balick, Lee Mushkin, Amit Smith, Matthew O'Neal, Michael GP IEEE TI SUBPIXEL ROUGHNESS EFFECTS IN SPECTRAL THERMAL INFRARED EMISSIVITY IMAGES SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Emissivity; spectra; thermal IR; roughness ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS AB Emissivity spectra recovered from spectral radiance images may have lowered spectral contrast due to irradiance from nearby surface elements ("cavity effect"). For analyses based only on photointerpretation or Reststrahlen band identification, it is not always necessary to account for cavity effects, but for full spectral analyses, including spectral unmixing, it may be desirable. We present a method that is under development for compensating thermal infrared images for cavity radiation based on optical estimates of surface roughness and model inversion for percent cavity contribution. The approach is adaptable for different spectral resolutions, including hyperspectral. It will be tested on tripod-mounted Telops HyperCam hyperspectral thermal-infrared images of natural targets, LiDAR DEMs of similar targets, and optical estimates of shadowing, related to roughness. C1 [Danilina, Iryna; Gillespie, Alan; Mushkin, Amit; Smith, Matthew] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balick, Lee] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mushkin, Amit] Geol Survey Israel, Jerusalem, Israel. [O'Neal, Michael] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. RP Danilina, I (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI O'Neal, Michael/K-1822-2015 OI O'Neal, Michael/0000-0002-6696-0106 FU U. S. National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Nonproliferation Technology Development [DE-FG52-08NA28772]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NASA Mars Data Analysis Program [NNX07AV77G] FX Funded by the U. S. National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Nonproliferation Technology Development, contract DE-FG52-08NA28772, and subcontract DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Mushkin was funded by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program, contract NNX07AV77G. Thanks to Laura Gilson for help with the figures NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 397 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400098 ER PT B AU Wohlberg, B Theiler, J AF Wohlberg, Brendt Theiler, James GP IEEE TI IMPROVED CHANGE DETECTION WITH LOCAL CO-REGISTRATION ADJUSTMENTS SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Anomalous change detection; Registration; Multispectral imagery; Hyperspectral imagery AB We introduce a simple approach to compensate for the effects of residual misregistration on the performance of anomalous change detection algorithms. Using real data, both within a simulation framework for anomalous changes, and with a real anomalous change, we illustrate the approach and investigate its effectiveness. C1 [Wohlberg, Brendt; Theiler, James] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohlberg, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 442 EP 445 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400109 ER PT B AU Balick, L Howard, M Gledhill, H Klawitter, A Gillespie, A AF Balick, Lee Howard, Michael Gledhill, Heather Klawitter, Alan Gillespie, Alan GP IEEE TI VARIATION AND SENSITIVITY IN SPECTRAL THERMAL IR EMISSIVITY MEASUREMENTS SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Emissivity; spectra; thermal IR AB Changes of spectra due to changes of variations in the physical features of the surface and view angle can impact the processing and exploitation of thermal IR hyperspectral images and need to be understood. To help accomplish this, FTIR spectrometer measurements were made on a set of known targets over a period of three days in order to assess the precision and repeatability of thermal IR spectral emissivity measurements of the effects of view direction and surface roughness. These measurements are intended to provide validation data for the model and advance our capability to make precise measurements of emissivity in the field. Two types of rock targets, each with three roughness classes and at three view nadir angles were measured over three consecutive days. The results within days were very consistent. Emissivity for the 60 degree view was shifted downward: a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explain this and other variations and is discussed in this paper. The spectra for the large rock size class tended to be lower than targets with smaller rocks. Preliminary modeling results will be presented. C1 [Balick, Lee] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Howard, Michael; Gledhill, Heather; Klawitter, Alan] US DoE Remote Sensing Lab, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Gillespie, Alan] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Balick, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U. S. National Nuclear Security Administration; Office of Nonproliferation Technology Development [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Los Alamos National Security; LLC [LA-UR-09-02168] FX This work was funded by the U. S. National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Nonproliferation Technology Development under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 with Los Alamos National Security, LLC. LA-UR-09-02168 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 490 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400121 ER PT B AU Heroux, MA Willenbring, JM AF Heroux, Michael A. Willenbring, James M. GP IEEE TI Barely Sufficient Software Engineering: 10 Practices to Improve Your CSE Software SO 2009 ICSE WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering for Computational Science and Engineering CY MAY 23, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) software is typically developed using research funding where the primary focus is research and development of advanced algorithms and modeling capabilities. As a result, formal software engineering is seldom a primary goal. CSE software developers intend to write good software, but often lack the training, resources or time to adopt advanced formal methods and practices. In this paper, we present a list of practices identified from the Trilinos project that we believe most CSE software teams can adopt and from which they can benefit. C1 [Heroux, Michael A.; Willenbring, James M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heroux, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM maherou@sandia.gov; jmwille@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3737-5 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1109/SECSE.2009.5069157 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMC62 UT WOS:000271851900003 ER PT B AU Bartlett, RA AF Bartlett, Roscoe A. GP IEEE TI Integration Strategies for Computational Science & Engineering Software SO 2009 ICSE WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering for Computational Science and Engineering CY MAY 23, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB In order to make significant progress in solving challenging problems in Computational Science & Engineering (CS&E), we need to integrate a large amount of software written by different groups of experts. Modern Lean/Agile methodologies would seem to provide a good foundation for research-driven development of complex CS&E software. Here, we describe issues related to the integration of CS&E software and propose different integration processes tailored to the special challenges in CS&E. We also describe practical experience with some of these tailored integration strategies related to Trilinos and some of its important application customers at Sandia National Labs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Optimizat & Uncertainty Qualificat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bartlett, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Optimizat & Uncertainty Qualificat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rabartl@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3737-5 PY 2009 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1109/SECSE.2009.5069160 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMC62 UT WOS:000271851900006 ER PT S AU Cheriyadat, AM Radke, RJ AF Cheriyadat, Anil M. Radke, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Non-Negative Matrix Factorization of Partial Track Data for Motion Segmentation SO 2009 IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION (ICCV) SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2009 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc ID LEAST-SQUARES; OBJECTS AB This paper addresses the problem of segmenting low-level partial feature point tracks belonging to multiple motions. We show that the local velocity vectors at each instant of the trajectory are an effective basis for motion segmentation. We decompose the velocity profiles of point tracks into different motion components and corresponding non-negative weights using non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF). We then segment the different motions using spectral clustering on the derived weights. We test our algorithm on the Hopkins 155 benchmarking database and several new sequences, demonstrating that the proposed algorithm can accurately segment multiple motions at a speed of a few seconds per frame. We show that our algorithm is particularly successful on low-level tracks from real-world video that are fragmented, noisy and inaccurate. C1 [Cheriyadat, Anil M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cheriyadat, Anil M.; Radke, Richard J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Cheriyadat, AM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Radke, Richard/I-3289-2013 OI Radke, Richard/0000-0001-5064-7775 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5499 BN 978-1-4244-4419-9 J9 IEEE I CONF COMP VIS PY 2009 BP 865 EP 872 DI 10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459311 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BWU77 UT WOS:000294955300111 ER PT B AU Lu, XK Wu, QS Rao, NSV Wang, ZM AF Lu, Xukang Wu, Qishi Rao, Nageswara S. V. Wang, Zongmin GP IEEE TI On Performance-Adaptive Flow Control for Large Data Transfer in High Speed Networks SO 2009 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (IPCC 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference CY DEC 14-16, 2009 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP IEEE Comp Soc DE Transport control; flow control; high-performance networks AB Several research and production high-performance networks now provision multi-Gbps dedicated channels to meet the demands of large data transfers in network-intensive applications. However, end users have not seen corresponding increase in application throughput mainly because (i) the existence of high-bandwidth links has shifted the congestion from the network to end hosts, and (ii) such congestion is not well handled by TCP's Additive Increase and Multiplicative Decrease algorithm. Particularly, due to the sharing with unknown background workloads, the data receiver oftentimes lacks sufficient system resources to process the arriving packets, hence leading to significant packet drops at the end system. This paper proposes a UDP-based transport method that incorporates a performance-adaptive flow control mechanism to regulate the activities of both the sender and receiver in response to system dynamics to achieve high throughput. We construct a mathematical model for the socket receive buffer and data receiving process, and employ a profiling-based method to estimate the initial receiving bottleneck rate, which is dynamically adjusted and sent back to the sender for source rate control. The sending rate is stabilized at the estimated bottleneck rate based on a stochastic approximation algorithm. We test the proposed method on a local dedicated connection and the experimental results illustrate its superior performance over existing methods. C1 [Lu, Xukang; Wu, Qishi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Zongmin] Zhengzhou Univ, Henan Key Lab Infomat Network, Zhengzhou 450052, Peoples R China. RP Lu, XK (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM xlv@memphis.edu; qishiwu@memphis.edu; raons@ornl.gov; zmwang@zzu.edu.cn OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science [DE-SC0002400]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0721980]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [4000056349]; University of Memphis FX This research is sponsored by U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science under Grant No. DE-SC0002400, National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0721980, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. PO 4000056349 with University of Memphis. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5737-3 PY 2009 BP 49 EP + DI 10.1109/PCCC.2009.5403835 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUK51 UT WOS:000289663200006 ER PT S AU Thomas, GS Nickless, B Thiede, DR Gorton, I Pitre, BJ Christy, JE Faultersack, L Mauth, JA AF Thomas, Gregory S. Nickless, Bill Thiede, David R. Gorton, Ian Pitre, Bill J. Christy, Jason E. Faultersack, Liz Mauth, Jeffery A. GP IEEE TI T3: Secure, Scalable, Distributed Data Movement and Remote System Control for Enterprise Level Cyber Security SO 2009 IEEE 33RD INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings International Computer Software and Applications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 33rd International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE secure file transfer; remote sensor management; cyber security AB Enterprise level cyber security requires the deployment, operation, and monitoring of many sensors across geographically dispersed sites. Communicating with the sensors to gather data and control behavior is a challenging task when the number of sensors is rapidly growing. This paper describes the system requirements, design, and implementation of T3, the third generation of our transport software that performs this task. T3 relies on open source software and open Internet standards. Data is encoded in MIME format messages and transported via NNTP, which provides scalability. OpenSSL and public key cryptographs, are used to secure the data. Robustness and case of development are increased by defining an internal cryptographic API, implemented by modules in C, Perl, and Python. We are currently using T3 in a production environment. It is freely available to download and use for other projects. C1 [Thomas, Gregory S.; Nickless, Bill; Thiede, David R.; Gorton, Ian; Pitre, Bill J.; Christy, Jason E.; Faultersack, Liz; Mauth, Jeffery A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thomas, GS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM greg.thomas@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 978-1-4244-4525-7 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2009 BP 1141 EP 1145 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BNE37 UT WOS:000274261400182 ER PT B AU Bauer, TM Shinde, SL Massad, JE Hetherington, DL AF Bauer, Todd M. Shinde, Subhash L. Massad, Jordan E. Hetherington, Dale L. GP IEEE TI Front End of Line Integration of High Density, Electrically Isolated, Metallized Through Silicon Vias SO 2009 IEEE 59TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY MAY 26-29, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE CPMT, Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, Elect Components Sector AB We have developed a complete process module for fabricating front end of line (FEOL) through silicon vias (TSVs). In this paper we describe the integration, which relies on using thermally deposited silicon as a sacrificial material to fill the TSV during FEOL processing, followed by its removal and replacement with tungsten after FEOL processing is complete. The uniqueness of this approach follows mainly from forming the TSVs early in the FEOL while still ultimately using metal as the via fill material. TSVs formed early in the FEOL can be formed at comparatively small diameter, high aspect ratio, and high spatial density. We have demonstrated FEOL-integrated TSVs that are 2 mu m in diameter, over 45 mu m deep, and on 20 mu m pitch for a possible interconnect density of 250,000/cm(2). Moreover, thermal oxidation of silicon can be used to form the dielectric isolation. Thermal oxidation is conformal and robust in the as-formed state. Finally, TSVs formed in the FEOL alleviate device design constraints common to vias-last integration. C1 [Bauer, Todd M.; Shinde, Subhash L.; Massad, Jordan E.; Hetherington, Dale L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bauer, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4475-5 PY 2009 BP 1165 EP 1169 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2009.5074159 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLX49 UT WOS:000271288900172 ER PT B AU Massad, JE Bauer, TM Shinde, SL AF Massad, Jordan E. Bauer, Todd M. Shinde, Subhash L. GP IEEE TI Thermomechanical Modeling of Back-End-of-the-Line 3D Interconnects SO 2009 IEEE 59TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY MAY 26-29, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE CPMT, Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, Elect Components Sector ID THIN-FILMS; NANOINDENTATION TECHNIQUE; THERMAL-STRESS; RELIABILITY; SUBSTRATE; INTEGRATION; SIMULATION; FRAMEWORK; TUNGSTEN; DESIGN AB Three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) offer considerable advantages over traditional 2D IC designs by offering increased signal speeds and lower operation power, and by combining multiple technology functions in a low-volume, stacked design. The design complexity of 3D ICs introduces an increased sensitivity of operation and reliability due to the thermomechanical interactions among their multilevel components. Therefore, physical modeling has become a critical task in the design phase of 3D ICs to manage and reduce these sensitivities, and to increase yield and reliability. In this paper, we develop and employ a high-fidelity, 3D finite element modeling framework to examine the thermomechanical response of 3D IC interconnects. We demonstrate attributes of our framework on a back-end-of-the-line via chain. First, we generate geometry using process definitions, develop a parameterized mesh, and identify material parameters from characterization experiments. Then, using advanced, massively parallel computational resources, we simulate fabrication steps to approximate the stresses and deformations experienced by the microstructure as a result of processing temperatures. Ultimately, our modeling approach provides a capability to assess the thermomechanical response of 3D IC components and provides a basis for designing structures robust to fabrication and processing variations. C1 [Massad, Jordan E.; Bauer, Todd M.; Shinde, Subhash L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Massad, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jemassa@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4475-5 PY 2009 BP 1361 EP 1367 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2009.5074190 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLX49 UT WOS:000271288900203 ER PT B AU Ma, CYT Yau, DKY Yip, NK Rao, NSV Chen, JM AF Ma, Chris Y. T. Yau, David K. Y. Yip, Nung Kwan Rao, Nageswara S. V. Chen, Jiming GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of Stochastic Network Coverage with Limited Mobility SO 2009 IEEE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE ADHOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS (MASS 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems CY OCT 12-15, 2009 CL Macau, PEOPLES R CHINA AB We analyze the ability of a stochastic coverage algorithm to achieve both accurate threat-based coverage and effective information capture. When mobile sensors are used to cover the region over time, the goal of threat-based coverage is to allocate the sensors' coverage time between the subregions in proportion to their threat levels. We show that, in contrast to prior results on mobile coverage for maximizing simple event capture, limiting mobility by strategically pausing the sensor is important for threat-based coverage of physical world monitoring. Besides being energy efficient, pausing has two desirable effects. First, it can improve the accuracy of the threat-based coverage, in particular, the accuracy increases monotonically with a pause time parameter, and a large enough parameter will ensure exact matching of the sensor's coverage profile with the region's threat profile. Second, diverse natural phenomena require a non-negligible sensing time to overcome statistical uncertainties posed by the random nature of the phenomena. Suitable pausing allows a subregion to be observed long enough for reliable results. C1 [Ma, Chris Y. T.; Yau, David K. Y.; Yip, Nung Kwan] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Chen, Jiming] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. RP Ma, CYT (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [DE-AC05-000R22725]; u.s. National Science Foundation [DMS-O707926]; NSFC-Guangdong [U0735003]; NSFC [60604029, 60736021]; 111 Projects [B07031]; Zhejiang University State Key Lab ofIndustrial Control Technology under Open Funding [ICT0901] FX Research was supported in part by Office of Naval Research under grant no. DE-AC05-000R22725, by u.s. National Science Foundation under grant no. DMS-O707926, by NSFC-Guangdong under Union Project grant no. U0735003, by NSFC under grant nos. 60604029 and 60736021, by 111 Projects under grant no. B07031, and by Zhejiang University State Key Lab ofIndustrial Control Technology under Open Funding grant no. ICT0901. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5114-2 PY 2009 BP 697 EP 706 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUC69 UT WOS:000288888800090 ER PT S AU Saebjornsen, A Jiang, LX Quinlan, D Su, ZD AF Saebjornsen, Andreas Jiang, Lingxiao Quinlan, Daniel Su, Zhendong GP IEEE TI Static Validation of C Preprocessor Macros SO 2009 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering CY NOV 16-20, 2009 CL Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, ACM SIGSOFT, ACM SIGART, Univ Auckland, United Conf Fund, NZ Govt DE preprossing; macro errors; inconsistencies AB The widely used C preprocessor (CPP) is generally considered a source of difficulty for understanding and maintaining C/C++ programs. The main reason for this difficulty is CPP's purely lexical semantics, i.e., its treatment of both input and output as token streams. This can easily lead to errors that are difficult to diagnose, and it has been estimated that up to 20% of all macros are erroneous. To reduce such errors, more restrictive, replacement languages for CPP have been proposed to limit expanded macros to be valid C syntactic units. However, there is no practical tool that can effectively validate CPP macros in legacy applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel, general characterization of inconsistent macro usage as a strong indicator of macro errors. Our key insight is that all applications of the same macro should behave similarly. In particular, we map each macro call c in a source file f to c's normalized syntactic constructs within the abstract syntax tree (AST) for f's preprocessed source, and use syntactic similarity as the basis for comparing macro calls of the same macro definition. Utilizing this characterization, we have developed an efficient algorithm to statically validate macro usage in C/C++ programs. We have implemented the algorithm; evaluation results show that our tool is effective in detecting common macro-related errors and reports few false positives, making it a practical tool for validating macro usage. C1 [Saebjornsen, Andreas; Jiang, Lingxiao; Su, Zhendong] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Quinlan, Daniel] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Saebjornsen, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM andsebjo@cs.ucdavis.edu; jiangl@cs.ucdavis.edu; dquinlan@llnl.gov; su@cs.ucdavis.edu RI JIANG, Lingxiao/E-8553-2012 OI JIANG, Lingxiao/0000-0002-4336-8548 FU NSF CAREER [0546844]; NSF CyberTrust [0627749]; NSF CCF [0702622]; US Air Force [FA9550-07-1-0532]; LLNL LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [07-ERD-057]; [LLNL-PROC-406820] FX This research was supported in part by NSF CAREER Grant No. 0546844, NSF CyberTrust Grant No. 0627749, NSF CCF Grant No. 0702622, US Air Force under grant FA9550-07-1-0532, and an LLNL LDRD subcontract. The information presented here does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government and no official endorsement should be inferred. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL under project tracking code 07-ERD-057. (LLNL-PROC-406820) NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1527-1366 BN 978-0-7695-3891-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF AUTOM PY 2009 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1109/ASE.2009.75 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOZ69 UT WOS:000278137400013 ER PT S AU Soehnel, G Bagwell, B Wick, D Cowan, W AF Soehnel, Grant Bagwell, Brett Wick, David Cowan, William GP IEEE TI Characterization Algorithm for Segmented MEMS Mirrors SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT DE MEMS Mirrors; Hexagonal Array; Piston/Tip/Tilt; Closed-Loop Characterization AB Segmented MEMS mirrors have the potential to revolutionize optical designs for imaging and beam directing systems. Foveated imaging(1,2), adaptive optical zoom(3,4), and enhanced multi-spectral capability(5) have already been demonstrated at Sandia National Laboratories using MEMS elements. The high stroke and individual segment control with piston and 2-directional tilt is very attractive for these and other applications. To address the challenge of characterizing segmented MEMS mirrors, a novel closed loop optimization algorithm has been developed to drive the mirrors to a desired shape utilizing feedback from a WYKO interferometer. This method has proved to produce more accurate results than previous attempts to drive the mirror with an open loop model.(12) C1 [Soehnel, Grant; Bagwell, Brett; Wick, David; Cowan, William] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Soehnel, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS1188,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gsoehne@sandia.gov; bbagwel@sandia.gov; dvwick@sandia.gov; wdcowan@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1451 EP 1457 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000143 ER PT S AU Rideout, CA Taylor, SC AF Rideout, Curtis A. Taylor, Steven C. GP IEEE TI Advanced Deep Focus Acoustic Microscope for Nondestructive Inspection of Metals and Composite Materials SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Advanced materials including high density composites, metal matrix, and ceramic metal matrix are critical to numerous applications associated with current and next generation aircraft for cost efficiency, safety and reliability. The wide variety of advanced materials used in current and next generation aerospace construction creates significant challenges for existing material characterization technologies, both in defect resolution and minimizing disassembly to reduce platform downtime. Known for their significant weight savings versus metal alternatives, advanced composites and specialized metals provide weight advantages and better performance, but suffer from short operational usage histories and frequently unknown lifecycle parameters. An innovative acoustic microscope developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and licensed to OKOS Solutions produces sharper images over a depth of field more than 60 times greater than current acoustic microscope transducers. This results in an acoustic microscope that does not need repositioning to accurately detect defects and aberrations in the microstructure of thick components. This deep focus capability has the potential to replace fixed focal length technology in existing commercial equipment used for nondestructive testing, and improve materials characterization in a variety of industries, providing more accurate results in less time and lower cost; with better resolution. With the deep focus probe. capability to "peel away the layers, one by one, like the skins of an onion," in a single scan, with higher resolution at each layer, several potential applications exist, both within DoD and commercial. This paper will discuss the underlying technology behind this advanced deep focus probe, along with several applications of this advanced technology for the inspection of DoD advanced aerospace composite and metallic components provided by the Army and commercial aerospace vendors.(12) C1 [Rideout, Curtis A.] OKOS Solut, 1401 W Idaho St,Suite 600, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Taylor, Steven C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Reactor & Nucl Phys Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Rideout, CA (reprint author), OKOS Solut, 1401 W Idaho St,Suite 600, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM crideout@okos.com; steven.taylor@inl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 3596 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001105 ER PT S AU Morrison, JL Smyth, B Wold, J Butherus, DK Morrison, WH Christopherson, JP Motloch, CG AF Morrison, John L. Smyth, Brian Wold, Josh Butherus, Das K. Morrison, William H. Christopherson, Jon P. Motloch, Chester G. GP IEEE TI Fast Summation Transformation for Battery Impedance Identification SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB A battery is an important subsystem for electrical energy storage in many military, space and commercial applications. Consequently, in-situ diagnostics for state-of-health estimation of the battery is also critical for enhancing the overall applications' reliability. Montana Tech, in collaboration with the Idaho National Laboratory (I-NIL) and Qualtech Systems Inc. (QSI), has been working towards the development of advanced techniques for in-situ and real time estimation of a battery's impedance spectrum. INL has shown that the shift of a batteries impedance spectrum strongly correlates to the health of the battery [1]. Two different methods for measurement of the battery impedance spectrum have been developed independently by Montana Tech, INL, and QSI. INL has developed an in-situ system, the Impedance Noise Identification (INI) [1] method of using a random signal excitation to a battery for the purpose of measuring the spectrum of the battery impedance; it is high resolution but not real time. Montana Tech and QSI developed an in-situ system, Compensated Synchronous Detection (CSD) [2] that is very near real time but trades off resolution for speed of measurement. New developments with CSD hold promise of an even faster and more accurate response. A new measurement and data processing technique has been developed, Fast Summation Transformation (FST) [3]. The FST technique uses a mathematical uniqueness similar to what was realized with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to enable crosstalk elimination, speed of measurement, and speed of data processing. A prototype hardware system that is compatible with both the INI or CSD algorithms is now under development. Test results are continuously being compared to standardized measurement techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is expected that the FST algorithm will be fully compatible with this hardware platform. This paper develops the theory of the algorithm and analytically validates it with computer simulations. It also provides preliminary testing results of the FST implementation on the CSD hardware platform [6] C1 [Morrison, John L.; Smyth, Brian; Wold, Josh] Montana Tech Univ, 1300 W Pk St, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Butherus, Das K.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Morrison, William H.] QualTech Syst Inc, Wethersfield, CT 06109 USA. [Christopherson, Jon P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Motloch, Chester G.] Motloch Consult Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Morrison, JL (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ, 1300 W Pk St, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM JMorrison@mtech.edu; BASmyth@mtech.edu; JIWold@mtech.edu; buth9428@vandals.uidaho.edu; bill@teamqsi.com; jon.christophersen@inl.gov; cmotloch@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 3768 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001121 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL Dienstfrey, A Kuester, EF O'Hara, JF Azad, AK Taylor, AJ AF Holloway, Christopher L. Dienstfrey, Andrew Kuester, Edward F. O'Hara, John F. Azad, Abut K. Taylor, Antoinette J. GP IEEE TI Characterization of a Metafilm/Metasurface SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI AB A metafilm (also referred to as a metasurface) is the surface equivalent of a metamaterial. More precisely, a metafilm is a surface distribution of suitably chosen electrically small scatterers. Metafilms are becoming popular as an alternative to full three-dimensional metamaterials. Unfortunately, many papers in the literature present incorrect interpretations and mischaracterizations of these metafilms. In this paper, we discuss an appropriate interpretation and characterization of metafilms and present a correct way to characterize a metafilm. We also present a retrieval approach for determining the uniquely defined quantities (the electric and magnetic polarizability densities of its constituent scatterers) that characterize a metafilm. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Dienstfrey, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [O'Hara, John F.; Azad, Abut K.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 793 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085400200 ER PT B AU Forman, MA AF Forman, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Horn Antenna Miniaturization with Integrated High Impedance Surfaces SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Forman, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 1612 EP 1615 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085400405 ER PT B AU Adhikari, S Li, FX Li, HJ Xu, Y Kueck, JD Rizy, DT AF Adhikari, Sarina Li, Fangxing Li, Huijuan Xu, Yan Kueck, John D. Rizy, D. Tom BE Toma, L Otomega, B TI Preventing Delayed Voltage Recovery with Voltage-Regulating Distributed Energy Resources SO 2009 IEEE BUCHAREST POWERTECH, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bucharest PowerTech Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP IEEE, Siemens, PS Wind Management, Continental Wind Partners, EP Energy Projects, Wind Expert, EnergoBit, Tractebel Engn DE induction motor modeling; stalled A/C motors; micro-voltage collapse; distributed energy resources; delayed voltage recovery AB With the large use of residential air conditioner (A/C) motors during the summer peaks, the potential of motor stalling events have increased in the recent years. The stalled motor loads have been found to be the most important cause of delayed voltage recovery following severe system disturbances, such as a subtransmission fault. The proper modeling of the stalled motors is a very important factor in identifying the effect of these motors in voltage recovery after the fault. This paper presents a methodology for modeling the stalled low inertia induction motors based on a sample utility system and a small primary distribution circuit. The prevention of the stalling of motors plays an important role in maintaining the voltage profile of the system after system disturbances. Distributed Energy Resource (DER) is used to prevent the motor stalling events so that the delayed voltage recovery of the system may be avoided. C1 [Adhikari, Sarina; Li, Fangxing; Li, Huijuan] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, Fangxing; Xu, Yan; Kueck, John D.; Rizy, D. Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Adhikari, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sadhikar@utk.edu; fli6@utk.edu; hli26@utk.edu; xuy3@ornl.gov; kueckjd@ornl.gov; rizydt@ornl.gov RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 FU Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy (http://www.oe.energy.gov/) under Contract No. Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle and conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and University of Tennessee. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2234-0 PY 2009 BP 28 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOJ31 UT WOS:000276834600005 ER PT B AU Hadzi-Kostova, B Oprea, L Popescu, V Veselka, TD AF Hadzi-Kostova, B. Oprea, L. Popescu, V. Veselka, T. D. BE Toma, L Otomega, B TI Simulation of regional power markets in the planning of trans-border interconnections SO 2009 IEEE BUCHAREST POWERTECH, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bucharest PowerTech Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA SP IEEE, Siemens, PS Wind Management, Continental Wind Partners, EP Energy Projects, Wind Expert, EnergoBit, Tractebel Engn DE power transmission planning; energy resources; optimization; interconnections; reliability AB The paper presents the methodology adopted for simulating a regional power market within the frame of a feasibility study of a 1200 km long 2000MW trans-border interconnection. The Generation-Transmission Maximization (GTMax) software, which serves as a focal point of the study, was supported by other tools and models for optimizing water resources and long-term generation planning. The simulations have been performed on a yearly basis for the 2012-2027 time period in order to assess the interconnection capacity, the optimal staged development, and ultimately the economic viability of the project. GTMAx simulations also supported the application of the N-1 criterion for selecting the modular rating and overload capability of the HVDC converters. This was achieved by computing the yearly duration of energy interchanges within a particular power range and through the valuation of the energy exchange opportunity loss due to capacity constrains of the interconnector. C1 [Hadzi-Kostova, B.; Oprea, L.; Popescu, V.] Fichtner GmbH&Co KG, D-70195 Stuttgart, Germany. [Veselka, T. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hadzi-Kostova, B (reprint author), Fichtner GmbH&Co KG, D-70195 Stuttgart, Germany. EM biljana.hadzi-kostova@fichtner.de; liliana.oprea@fichtner.de; viktor.popescu@fichtner.de; tdveselka@anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2234-0 PY 2009 BP 2197 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOJ31 UT WOS:000276834601051 ER PT S AU Loss, LA Bebis, G Parvin, B AF Loss, Leandro A. Bebis, George Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI Tunable Tensor Voting Improves Grouping of Membrane-Bound Macromolecules SO 2009 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPR WORKSHOPS 2009), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Computer-Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops CY JUN 20-25, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Membrane-bound macromolecules are responsible for structural support and mediation of cell-cell adhesion in tissues. Quantitative analysis of these macromolecules provides morphological indices for damage or loss of tissue, for example as a result of exogenous stimuli. From an optical point of view, a membrane signal may have nonuniform intensity around the cell boundary, be punctate or diffused, and may even be perceptual at certain locations along the boundary. In this paper; a method for the detection and grouping of punctate, diffuse curvilinear signals is proposed. Our work builds upon the tensor voting and the iterative voting frameworks to propose an efficient method to detect and refine perceptually interesting curvilinear structures in images. The novelty of our method lies on the idea of iteratively tuning the tensor voting fields, which allows the concentration of the votes only over areas of interest. We validate the utility of our system with synthetic and annotated real data. The effectiveness of the tunable tensor voting is demonstrated on complex phenotypic signals that are representative of membrane-bound macromolecular structures. C1 [Loss, Leandro A.; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bebis, George] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Loss, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LALoss@lbl.gov; Bebis@cse.unr.edu; B_Parvin@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-3994-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2009 BP 135 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNL85 UT WOS:000274887100019 ER PT S AU Zhang, ST Zhou, JH Wang, XX Chang, S Metaxas, DN Pappas, G Delis, F Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Thanos, PK Kambhamettu, C AF Zhang, Shaoting Zhou, Jinghao Wang, Xiaoxu Chang, Sukmoon Metaxas, Dimitris N. Pappas, George Delis, Foteini Volkow, Nora D. Wang, Gene-Jack Thanos, Panayotis K. Kambhamettu, Chandra GP IEEE TI 3D SEGMENTATION OF RODENT BRAINS USING DEFORMABLE MODELS AND VARIATIONAL METHODS SO 2009 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPR WORKSHOPS 2009), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Computer-Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops CY JUN 20-25, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc ID SHAPE; MRI; IMAGES AB 3D functional segmentation of brain images is important in understating the relationships between anatomy and mental diseases in brains. Volumetric analysis of various brain structures such as the cerebellum plays a critical role in studying the structural changes in brain regions as a function of development, trauma, or neurodegeneration. Although various segmentation methods in clinical studies have been proposed, many of them require a priori knowledge about the locations of the structures of interest, which prevents the fully automatic segmentation. Besides, the topological changes of structures are difficult to detect. In this paper we present a novel method for detecting and locating the brain structures of interest that can be used for the fully automatic 3D functional segmentation of rodent brain MR images. The presented method is based on active shape model (ASM), Metamorph models and variational techniques. It focuses on detecting the topological changes of brain structures based on a novel volume ratio criteria. The mean successful rate of the topological change detection shows 86.6% accuracy compared to the expert identified ground truth. C1 [Zhang, Shaoting; Zhou, Jinghao; Wang, Xiaoxu; Chang, Sukmoon; Metaxas, Dimitris N.] Rutgers State Univ, CBIM, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Pappas, George; Delis, Foteini; Volkow, Nora D.; Wang, Gene-Jack; Thanos, Panayotis K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Kambhamettu, Chandra] Univ Delaware, Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Zhang, ST (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, CBIM, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM shaoting@cs.rutgers.edu; jhzhou@eden.rutgers.edu; dnm@cs.rutgers.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-3994-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2009 BP 157 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNL85 UT WOS:000274887100022 ER PT S AU Koch, MW Giron, C Nguyen, HD AF Koch, Mark W. Giron, Casey Nguyen, Hung D. GP IEEE TI A Rapidly Deployable Virtual Presence Extended Defense System SO 2009 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPR WORKSHOPS 2009), VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Computer-Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops CY JUN 20-25, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION; MODE AB We have developed algorithms for a virtual presence and extended defense (VPED) system that automatically learns the detection map of a deployed sensor field without a-priori knowledge of the local terrain. The VPED system is a network of sensor pods, with each pod containing acoustic and seismic sensors. Each pod has a limited detection range, but a network of pods can form a virtual perimeter. The site's geography and soil conditions can affect the detection performance of the pods. Thus a network in the field may not have the same performance as a network designed in the lab. To solve this problem we automatically estimate a networks detection performance as it is being constructed We demonstrate results using simulated and real data. C1 [Koch, Mark W.; Giron, Casey; Nguyen, Hung D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Koch, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1163, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mwkoch@sandia.gov; casgiro@sandia.gov; hdnguye@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-3994-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2009 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNL85 UT WOS:000274887100047 ER PT S AU Wright, JL Manic, M AF Wright, Jason L. Manic, Milos GP IEEE TI Neural Network Approach to Locating Cryptography in Object Code SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & FACTORY AUTOMATION (EFTA 2009) SE IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Univ Balear Isl, Mallorca, SPAIN SP IEEE, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Tech Univ Catalonia, Gobierno Espana, Ministerio Ciencia & Innovac, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, Red Electrica Espana, GESA ENDESA, TIRME, IEEE Transact Ind Informat HO Univ Balear Isl DE cryptography; neural networks AB Finding and identifying cryptography is a growing concern in the malware analysis community. In this paper, artificial neural networks are used to classify functional blocks from a disassembled program as being either cryptography related or not. The resulting system, referred to as NNLC (Neural Net for Locating Cryptography) is presented and results of applying this system to various libraries are described. C1 [Wright, Jason L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho Idaho Falls, Dept Comp Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Wright, JL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jlwright@ieee.org; misko@ieee.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-0740 BN 978-1-4244-2728-4 J9 IEEE INT C EMERG PY 2009 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BC7XR UT WOS:000355314000231 ER PT B AU Diaz, AA Cinson, AD Tucker, BJ Samuel, TJ Morales, R AF Diaz, Aaron A. Cinson, Anthony D. Tucker, Brian J. Samuel, Todd J. Morales, Romarie GP IEEE TI Ultrasonic, Non-Invasive Classification/Discrimination of Liquid Explosives (LEs) and Threat Liquids from Non-Threat Liquids in Sealed Containers SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE ID PULSE-COMPRESSION AB This paper focuses on a set of laboratory measurements acquired with a Container Screening Device (CSD) that has been applied to several ties of liquids in small commercially available plastic containers. The objective of this study was to further understand the critical acoustic measurement discrimination/sensitivity issues associated with quantifying the effectiveness of the approach for classifying and discriminating liquid threats from benign and commercially available liquids. A list of pertinent threat liquids was generated and measurements were conducted to demonstrate the CSD's ability to acquire accurate and repeatable acoustic information for effectively classifying and discriminating these liquids from non-threat liquids such as wine, whisky, water, shampoo, etc. The device was used to measure the acoustic velocity, (the primary discriminator) and relative attenuation of 180 liquids at room temperature, while recording the key parameters that play a role in the accuracy and precision (repeatability) of the measurement. Density data were manually generated and evaluated to determine the effects of an additional acoustic signature on the discrimination algorithm. Results showed that by using a 3-parameter measurement approach (velocity, attenuation, and density), the methodology can be effectively employed for the rapid and accurate classification/discrimination of threat liquids versus non-threat liquids in small, carry-on, standard "stream-of-commerce" containers. C1 [Diaz, Aaron A.; Cinson, Anthony D.; Tucker, Brian J.; Samuel, Todd J.] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K5-26, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Morales, Romarie] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85823 USA. RP Diaz, AA (reprint author), Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K5-26, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM aaron.diaz@pnl.gob NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 191 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900029 ER PT B AU Beaver, JM Kerekes, RA Treadwell, JN AF Beaver, Justin M. Kerekes, Ryan A. Treadwell, Jim N. GP IEEE TI Decision-level Information Fusion to Assess Threat Likelihood in Shipped Containers SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE Bayesian networks; Information fusion; Intelligent systems; Threat analysis AB A significant challenge in the distribution of goods is assessing the potential threat that an individual shipping container poses. Due to the high volume of shipped goods, a primary concern is balancing accuracy and container scan time. The application of information fusion to the problem enables automated threat determination and the presentation of relevant data to an operator, in a decision support capacity, in order to maintain a sufficient level of processing. This paper outlines an approach to container threat assessment that combines data from multiple sources in order to reliably score the likelihood that a given container holds a threat. Fused data is also leveraged as a tool to optimize the routing of containers through a scanning system comprised of multiple data acquisition stations and providing data in multiple modes. Furthermore, we propose methods for the consolidated presentation of fused data to an operator in order to both minimize the time expended in container evaluation and maximize the accuracy of the assessment. C1 [Beaver, Justin M.; Treadwell, Jim N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kerekes, Ryan A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beaver, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beaverjm@ornl.gov; kerekesra@ornl.gov; treadwelljn@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 198 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900030 ER PT B AU Glascoe, LG Noble, C Reynolds, JG Kuhl, A Morris, J AF Glascoe, Lee G. Noble, Charles Reynolds, John G. Kuhl, Allen Morris, Joseph GP IEEE TI Securing Infrastructure from High Explosive Threats SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is working with the Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate, the Transportation Security Administration, and several infrastructure partners to characterize and help mitigate principal structural vulnerabilities to explosive threats. Given the importance of infrastructure to the nation's security and economy, there is a clear need for applied research and analyses (1) to improve understanding of the vulnerabilities of these systems to explosive threats and (2) to provide decision makers with time-critical technical assistance concerning countermeasure and mitigation options. Fully-coupled high performance calculations of structural response to ideal and non-ideal explosives help bound and quantify specific critical vulnerabilities, and help identify possible corrective schemes. Experimental validation of modeling approaches and methodologies builds confidence in the prediction, while advanced stochastic techniques allow for optimal use of scarce computational resources to efficiently provide infrastructure owners and decision makers with timely analyses. C1 [Glascoe, Lee G.; Noble, Charles; Reynolds, John G.; Kuhl, Allen; Morris, Joseph] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glascoe, LG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM glascoe@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 242 EP 247 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900036 ER PT B AU Young, KL AF Young, Kevin Larry GP IEEE TI Second Generation Hazmat Cam Wireless Tactical Video System for Hazardous Response SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB This paper describes the development and application of the original Hazmat Cam Wireless Tactical Video System and the newly developed Generation II Hazmat Cam Tactical Wireless Video System. The Idaho National Laboratory designed the original Hazmat Cam Wireless Video System to assist the National Guard Weapons of Mass Destruction - Civil Support Teams during their mission of emergency response to incidents involving chemical, biological or radiological contamination. The R&D 100 Award winning Hazmat Cam system is a lightweight, handheld camera capable of transmitting encrypted, real-time video from inside a contaminated area, or hot-zone, to a command post located a safe distance away. The system includes a small wireless video camera, a true-diversity receiver, viewing console, and an optional extension link that allows the command post to be placed up to five miles from danger. It can be fully deployed by one person in a standalone configuration in less than 10 minutes. The complete system is batten, powered. Each rechargeable camera battery powers the camera for 3 hours with the receiver and video monitor battery lasting 22 hours on a single charge, The camera transmits encrypted, low frequency analog video signals to a true-diversity receiver with three antennas. This unique combination of encryption and transmission technologies delivers encrypted, interference-free images to the command post under conditions where other wireless systems fail. The lightweight camera is water resistant and submersible for quick and easy decontamination after use. The Hazmat Cam Wireless Video System is currently being used by several National Guard Teams, the US Army and by fire fighters. The system has been proven to greatly enhance situational awareness during the crucial, initial phase of a hazardous response allowing commanders to make better, faster, safer decisions. The author describes several improvements designed into the Generation II Hazmat Cam System along with the technical and financial challenges associated with developing an effective, affordable tactical video system for emergency response. Design considerations such as cost versus performance for different radio frequency transmission technologies, video encryption techniques, and heat management are addressed. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Young, KL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM KevinL.Young@INL.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 331 EP 338 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900050 ER PT B AU Roybal, LG Jeffers, RF McGillivary, KE Paul, TD Jacobson, R AF Roybal, Lyle G. Jeffers, Robert F. McGillivary, Kent E. Paul, Tony D. Jacobson, Ryan GP IEEE TI Modeling and Simulating Blast Effects on Electric Substations SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB A software simulation tool was developed at Idaho National Laboratory to estimate the fragility of electric substation components subject to an explosive blast. Damage caused by explosively driven fragments on a generic electric substation was estimated by using a ray-tracing technique to track and tabulate fragment impacts and penetrations of substation components. This technique is based on methods used for assessing vulnerability of military aircraft and ground vehicles to explosive blasts. An open-source rendering and ray-trace engine was used for geometric modeling and interactions between fragments and substation components. Semi-empirical material interactions models were used to calculate blast parameters and simulate high-velocity material interactions between explosively driven fragments and substation components. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation was added to model the random nature of fragment generation allowing a skilled analyst to predict failure probabilities of substation components. C1 [Roybal, Lyle G.; Jeffers, Robert F.; McGillivary, Kent E.; Paul, Tony D.] Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Jacobson, Ryan] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Roybal, LG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM lyle.roybal@inl.gov; robert.jeffers@inl.gov; kent.mcgillivary@inl.gov; tony.paul@inl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 343 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900052 ER PT B AU Bishop, M Gates, C Frincke, D Greitzer, FL AF Bishop, Matt Gates, Carrie Frincke, Deb Greitzer, Frank L. GP IEEE TI AZALIA: an A to Z Assessment of the Likelihood of Insider Attack SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The insider threat problem is increasing, both in terms of the number of incidents and their financial impact. To date, solutions have been developed to detect specific instances of insider attacks (e.g., fraud detection) and therefore use very limited information for input. In this paper we describe an architecture for an enterprise-level solution that incorporates data from multiple sources. The unique aspects of this solution include the prioritization of resources based on the business value of the protected assets, and the use of psychological indicators and language affectation analysis to predict insider attacks. The goal of this architecture is not to detect that insider abuse has occurred, but rather to determine how to prioritize monitoring activities, giving priority to scrutinizing those whose background includes access to key combinations of assets as well as those psychological/other factors that have in the past been associated with malicious insiders. C1 [Bishop, Matt] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gates, Carrie] CA Labs, New York, NY USA. [Frincke, Deb; Greitzer, Frank L.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Bishop, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bishop@cs.ucdavis.edu; carrie.gates@ca.com; deb.frincke@pnl.gov; frank.greitzer@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 377 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900057 ER PT B AU Sheen, DM McMakin, DL Hall, TE Severtsen, RH AF Sheen, David M. McMakin, Douglas L. Hall, Thomas E. Severtsen, Ronald H. GP IEEE TI Active Millimeter-Wave Standoff and Portal Imaging Techniques for Personnel Screening SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE ID TERAHERTZ AB Active millimeter-wave imaging systems can be configured as personnel screening portals or standoff systems that can operate at ranges of up to 20 meters or more. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a variety of active millimeter-wave imaging systems and technologies including the cylindrical imaging technique that has been successfully commercialized with L3-Communications/Safeview, and has continued to advance the cylindrical imaging technology using higher frequency ranges up to 100 GHz, and polarimetric imaging techniques. In addition, a standoff, three-dimensional imaging technique and prototype that operates near 350 GHz has been developed. This prototype system uses focusing optics coupled to a high-speed mirror scanning system and can obtain an image in 10 seconds, which is sufficiently fast to conduct extensive imaging tests on cooperative subjects. In this paper, these advanced imaging techniques are described in detail and numerous experimental imaging results are shown. C1 [Sheen, David M.; McMakin, Douglas L.; Hall, Thomas E.; Severtsen, Ronald H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sheen, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K5-26, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.sheen@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 432 EP 439 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900064 ER PT B AU Barter, GE Purvis, LK Teclemariam, NP West, TH AF Barter, Garrett E. Purvis, Liston K. Teclemariam, Nerayo P. West, Todd H. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Detection Systems for Outdoor Chemical or Biological Attacks SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE ID MONTE-CARLO-METHOD AB This paper presents Sandia National Laboratories' Outdoor Weapons of Mass Destruction Decision Analysis Center (OutDAC) and, through an example case study, derives lessons for its use. This tool, related to similar capabilities at Sandia, can be used to determine functional requirements for a detection system of aerosol-released threats outdoors. Essential components of OutDAC are a population database, a meteorological dataset, an atmospheric transport and dispersion model and an optimization toolkit. Detector placement is done through optimization against a library of hypothesized attack scenarios by minimizing either the mean or value-at-risk of undetected infections. These scenarios are the product of a Monte Carlo simulation intended to characterize the uncertainty associated with the threat. An example case study illustrates that Monte Carlo convergence is dependent on the statistic of interest. Furthermore, the quality of the detector placement optimization may be tied to the convergence level of the Monte Carlo simulation. C1 [Barter, Garrett E.; Purvis, Liston K.; Teclemariam, Nerayo P.; West, Todd H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barter, GE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gbarter@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900071 ER PT B AU Boggs, PT Gay, DM Ray, J AF Boggs, Paul T. Gay, David M. Ray, Jaideep GP IEEE TI Probabilistic Attack Reconstruction and Resource Estimation in "Reload" Scenarios SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE ID ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; ANTHRAX OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; BIOTERRORISM AB Faced with a bioterrorist attack with an aerosolized pathogen preparation, an emergency manager will need to make medical resource allocations early in the aftermath, with large uncertainties in the estimates of the resource demand, and in ignorance of what subsequent attacks might occur at other sites. In this work we use earlier results on the reconstruction of bioattacks from partial observations of the patient stream to calculate a probability density function of the resource demand. Thereafter, we employ an optimization-under-uncertainty approach to perform resource allocations for both a single-site attack and a multiple-site attack, i.e., a reload scenario. We test the approach in situations where resources are scarce. Our approach can develop allocations profiles that have the potential to reduce the probability of an extremely adverse outcome in exchange for a more certain, but less adverse outcome. We also explore the effect of placing limits on daily allocations. C1 [Boggs, Paul T.; Ray, Jaideep] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Gay, David M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boggs, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ptboggs@sandia.gov; dmgay@sandia.gov; jairay@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories' LDRD (Laboratory Directed Research and Development) program; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Todd Plantenga for useful discussions on the formulation of the problem considered here. This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories LDRD (Laboratory Directed Research and Development) program, with funds allocated under the Enabling Predictive Simulation Investment Area. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DEAC04-94-AL85000. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 537 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900079 ER PT B AU Stephan, E Burke, J Carlson, C Gillen, D Joslyn, C Olsen, B Critchlow, T AF Stephan, Eric Burke, John Carlson, Carrie Gillen, Dave Joslyn, Cliff Olsen, Bryan Critchlow, Terence GP IEEE TI GeoSpatial Data Analysis for DHS Programs SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The Department of Homeland Security law enforcement faces the continual challenge of analyzing their custom data sources in a geospatial context. From a strategic perspective law enforcement has certain requirements to first broadly characterize a given situation using their custom data sources and then once it is summarily understood, to geospatially analyze their data in detail. For the past three years the Generalized Data-Driven Analysis and Integration (GDDAI) project has operated through DHS Science and Technology on behalf of immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to develop and deploy hybrid data analysis methods that improve ICE analysts' ability to answer time-critical queries for their agents. GDDAI provides this hybrid environment through seamless customized interfaces built with commercial off the shelf (COTS) and government off the shelf (GOTS) tools. At its core, to help characterize user data, GDDAI relies upon multidimensional relational data cubes which are based on OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP) technologies that provide intuitive and graphical access to the massively complex set of summary views available in large relational (SQL) repositories. As an extension to OLAP we provide a proximity-based search engine, a rich map feature database which allows users to add their customized reports, and a geocoder that derives coordinates from addressable information in the user database. While the design of data cubes can be technically challenging, our primary contributions are in the ability to effectively "drill-through" from a summary analysis to a detailed analysis when a population of interest is identified. In addition to this data transformation capability, our geospatial analysis infrastructure can perform proximity searches on the detailed "drill-through" records. Iteratively users can conduct increasingly more fine-tuned geospatial searches by combining or excluding previous geospatial results with their current drill-through results. C1 [Stephan, Eric; Burke, John; Carlson, Carrie; Gillen, Dave; Joslyn, Cliff; Olsen, Bryan; Critchlow, Terence] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Stephan, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM eric.stephan@pnl.gov; john.burke@pnl.gov; carrie.carlson@pnl.gov; david.gillen@pnl.gov; cjoslyn@pnl.gov; bryan.olsen@pnl.gov; terence.critchlow@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 545 EP 552 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900080 ER PT B AU Duggan, R Hinman-Sweeney, E AF Duggan, Ruth Hinman-Sweeney, Elaine GP IEEE TI International Border Management Systems: Analyst Tools SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The management of today's borders is a challenge for any border management system. Aspart of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories, a team Of international border management specialists, along with input from representatives of several countries, have exercised a systematic approach to identify technology gaps and have developed a technology roadmap aimed at addressing many of the challenges, associated with the analysis of border management systems. In the process, several tools have been developed to assist analysts in capturing knowledge and representing information in a meaningful way while making it easier to retrieve when needed The tools have been used to help in technology gap analysis for specific borders and to aid decision makers on resource prioritization. This paper discusses the approach and results of this effort and presents the current thinking on how to apply existing and novel tools. C1 [Duggan, Ruth; Hinman-Sweeney, Elaine] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Duggan, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rduggan@sandia.gov; enhinma@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 568 EP 575 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900083 ER PT B AU Young, KL AF Young, Kevin Larry GP IEEE TI Weapons of Mass Destruction Technology Evaluation and Training Range SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has a long history for providing technology, evaluation and training for military, and other federal level Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) response agencies. Currently there are many federal organizations and commercial companies developing technologies related to detecting, assessing, mitigating and protecting against hazards associated with a WMD event. Unfortunately, very few locations exist within the United States where WMD response technologies are realistically field tested and evaluated using real chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive materials. This is particularly true with biological and radiological hazards. Related to this lack of adequate WMD. multi-hazard technology, testing capability is the shortage of locations where WMD response teams can train using actual chemical, biological, and radiological material or highly realistic simulates. In response to these technology evaluation and training needs, the INL has assembled a consortium of subject matter experts from existing programs and identified dedicated resources for the purpose of establishing an all-hazards, WMD technology evaluation and training range. The author describes the challenges associated with creating the all-hazards WMD technology evaluation and training range and lists the technical, logistical and financial benefits of an all-hazards technology, evaluation and training range. Current resources and capabilities for conducting all-hazard technology evaluation and training at the INL are identified. Existing technology evaluation and training programs at the INL related to radiological, biological and chemical hazards are highlighted, including successes and lessons learned. Finally, remaining gaps in WMD technology evaluation and training capabilities are identified along with recommendations for closing those gaps. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Young, KL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM KevinL.Young@INL.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 583 EP 590 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900085 ER PT B AU Cuellar, L Kubicek, D Hengartner, N Hansson, A AF Cuellar, Leticia Kubicek, Deborah Hengartner, Nicolas Hansson, Anders GP IEEE TI Emergency Relocation: Population Response Model to Disasters SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE ID EVACUATION; BEHAVIOR; RISK AB This paper presents a a general framework for applying individual decision models to aggregated populations. Our approach is useful for modeling and predicting evacuation decisions from disasters, ranging from earthquakes, flooding and wild fires, to industrial emergencies like chemical spills or nuclear accidents, to reactions to terrorism attacks. The novelty of our approach is to apply well-documented household evacuation behavioral models to statistical accurate synthetic populations with detailed demographic information. Predictions of who evacuates and who does not evacuate, and the type and location of the selected shelters is useful for emergency management and planning. We illustrate it by applying our tools to predict emergency relocation behavior from hurricanes. C1 [Cuellar, Leticia; Kubicek, Deborah] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Decis Applicat, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hengartner, Nicolas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hansson, Anders] Ericsson, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Hengartner, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Decis Applicat, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM leticia@lanl.gov; kubicek@lanl.gov; nickh@lanl.gov FU National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center; Department of Homeland Security FX This work was funded in part by the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center funded by Department of Homeland Security. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 620 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900090 ER PT B AU West, PB AF West, Phillip B. GP IEEE TI Tunnel and Subsurface Void Detection and Range to Target Measurement SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB Engineers and technicians at the Idaho National Laboratory invented, designed, built and tested a device capable of detecting and measuring the distance to an underground void, or tunnel. Preliminary, tests demonstrated positive detection of and range to, a void thru as much as 30 meters of top-soil earth. Device uses acoustic driving point impedance principles pioneered by the Lab. for well-bore physical properties logging. Data receipts recorded by the device indicates constructive-destructive interference patterns characteristic of acoustic wave reflection from a downward step-change in impedance. Prototype tests demonstrated that interference patterns in receipt waves could depict the patterns indicative of specific distances. A tool with this capability can quickly (in seconds) indicate the presence and depth/distance of a void or tunnel. Using such a device, border security and military personnel can identify threats of intrusion or weapons caches in most all soil conditions including moist and rocky. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP West, PB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM phillip.west@inl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 669 EP 676 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900097 ER PT B AU Estep, RJ Mayo, DR AF Estep, Robert J. Mayo, Douglas R. GP IEEE TI The Handling of K-Edge Effects in the Multiple Isotope Material Basis Set (MIMBS) Method of Isotope Identification SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The multiple isotope material basis set (MIMBS) method for isotope identification combines the material basis set (MBS) model of gamma spectrum attenuation with ordinary, response function fitting to identify shielded gamma-emitting isotopes, using low and medium resolution gamma detectors such as NaI(Tl) and LaBr(3). We recently improved the MIMBS algorithm to handle low energy gamma emitters such as (133)Xe or (241)Am. A concern with fitting the low energy region (below approximately 90 keV) is that the underlying MBS model assumptions fail because of the inherent K-edge discontinuities in the attenuation versus energy curve for the different atomic species. For example, with basis attenuators of Al (Z=13) and Pb (Z=82), the MBS model for the attenuation curve of Sn (Z=50) would have Al and Pb K-edge discontinuities at 1.55 and 88 keV, rather than at the Sn K-edge energy of 29.2 keV. Complex mixtures such as cargo would have a complex and unpredictable K-edge distribution. In this presentation we show that the effect of K-edge discontinuities on the improved multiple-thickness MIMBS algorithm for low energy isotope identification and spectrum simulation is small for common attenuator distributions. C1 [Estep, Robert J.; Mayo, Douglas R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Estep, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM restep@lanl.gov; dmayo@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 682 EP 689 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900099 ER PT B AU Reichmuth, BA Stansbury, PS Taira, RY Sanquist, TF Collins, R AF Reichmuth, Barbara A. Stansbury, Paul S. Taira, Randal Y. Sanquist, Thomas F. Collins, Robert GP IEEE TI Radiation Scanning Methods for Ship-to-Rail Intermodal Cargo Containers SO 2009 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 11-12, 2009 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) runs the Rail Test Center (RTC) at the Port of Tacoma (POT). The RTC affords DNDO with the opportunity to test radiological and nuclear threat detection systems associated with the unique on-dock rail environment while in an operational seaport. DNDO selected the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, (PNNL) to manage the RTC. The RTC is conducting various evaluation studies to assess scanning opportunities in terms of their affects on the number of container moves required and the affect that the scanning opportunity has on the time it takes to move a container through the on-dock transfer process from ship to rail. The velocity and the number of container moves are directly, associated with incremental costs to the terminal operators: increases in either of these parameters help inform the potential for incremental costs that would result from the implementation of the opportunity. C1 [Reichmuth, Barbara A.; Stansbury, Paul S.; Taira, Randal Y.; Sanquist, Thomas F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K8-23, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Collins, Robert] Transportat & Supply Chain Planning, Tacoma 98401, WA USA. RP Reichmuth, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K8-23, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Barbara.Reichmuth@pnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4178-5 PY 2009 BP 690 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMZ02 UT WOS:000273959900100 ER PT B AU Chase, J Gorton, I Sivaramakrishnan, C Almquist, J Wynne, A Chin, G Critchlow, T AF Chase, Jared Gorton, Ian Sivaramakrishnan, Chandrika Almquist, Justin Wynne, Adam Chin, George Critchlow, Terence BE Zhiang, LJ TI Kepler plus MeDICi-Service-Oriented Scientific Workflow Applications SO 2009 IEEE CONGRESS ON SERVICES (SERVICES-1 2009), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Congress on Services CY JUL 06-10, 2009 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Serv Comp DE workflow; middleware; components; services AB Scientific applications are often structured as workflows that execute a series of interdependent, distributed software modules to analyze large data sets. The order of execution of the tasks in a workflow is commonly controlled by complex scripts, which over time become difficult to maintain and evolve. In this paper, we describe how we have integrated the Kepler scientific workflow platform with the MeDICi Integration Framework, which has been specifically designed to provide a standards-based, lightweight and flexible integration platform. The MeDICi technology provides a scalable, component-based architecture that efficiently handles integration with heterogeneous, distributed software systems. This paper describes the MeDICi Integration Framework and the mechanisms we used to integrate MeDICi components with Kepler workflow actors. We illustrate this solution with a workflow application for an atmospheric sciences application. The resulting solution promotes a strong separation of concerns, simplifying the Kepler workflow description and promoting the creation of a reusable collection of components available for other workflow applications in this domain. C1 [Chase, Jared; Gorton, Ian; Sivaramakrishnan, Chandrika; Almquist, Justin; Wynne, Adam; Chin, George; Critchlow, Terence] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chase, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4930-9 PY 2009 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1109/SERVICES-I.2009.70 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNI46 UT WOS:000274634100037 ER PT S AU Colbaugh, R Glass, K AF Colbaugh, Richard Glass, Kristin GP IEEE TI Predictive Analysis for Social Processes II: Predictability and Warning Analysis SO 2009 IEEE CONTROL APPLICATIONS CCA & INTELLIGENT CONTROL (ISIC), VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications/International Symposium on Intelligent Control CY JUL 08-10, 2009 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IEEE Control Sys Soc ID NETWORKS AB This two-part paper presents a new approach to predictive analysis for social processes. Part I identifies a class of social processes, called positive externality processes, which are both important and difficult to predict, and introduces a multi-scale, stochastic hybrid system modeling framework for these systems. In Part II of the paper we develop a systems theory-based, computationally tractable approach to predictive analysis for these systems. Among other capabilities, this analytic methodology enables assessment of process predictability, identification of measurables which have predictive power, discovery of reliable early indicators for events of interest, and robust, scalable prediction. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated through case studies involving online markets, social movements, and protest behavior. C1 [Colbaugh, Richard; Glass, Kristin] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Colbaugh, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM colbaugh@nmt.edu; kglass@icasa.nmt.edu FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; National Laboratories FX The research described in this paper was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and Sandia National Laboratories. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4244-4601-8 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2009 BP 473 EP + DI 10.1109/CCA.2009.5280710 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BPQ18 UT WOS:000279628300082 ER PT S AU Colbaugh, R Glass, K AF Colbaugh, Richard Glass, Kristin GP IEEE TI Predictive Analysis for Social Processes I: Multi-Scale Hybrid System Modeling SO 2009 IEEE CONTROL APPLICATIONS CCA & INTELLIGENT CONTROL (ISIC), VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications/International Symposium on Intelligent Control CY JUL 08-10, 2009 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IEEE Control Sys Soc ID NETWORKS AB This two-part paper presents a new approach to predictive analysis for social processes. In Part I, we begin by identifying a class of social processes which are simultaneously important in applications and difficult to predict using existing methods. It is shown that these processes can be modeled within a multi-scale, stochastic hybrid system framework that is sociologically sensible, expressive, illuminating, and amenable to formal analysis. Among other advantages, the proposed modeling framework enables proper characterization of the interplay between the intrinsic aspects of a social process (e.g., the "appeal" of a political movement) and the social dynamics which are its realization; this characterization is key to successful social process prediction. The utility of the modeling methodology is illustrated through a case study involving the global SARS epidemic of 2002-2003. Part II of the paper then leverages this modeling framework to develop a rigorous, computationally tractable approach to social process predictive analysis. C1 [Colbaugh, Richard] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. [Colbaugh, Richard; Glass, Kristin] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Colbaugh, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM colbaugh@nmt.edu; kglass@icasa.nmt.edu FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Sandia National Laboratories FX The research described in this paper was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and Sandia National Laboratories. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4244-4601-8 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2009 BP 501 EP + DI 10.1109/CCA.2009.5280709 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BPQ18 UT WOS:000279628300086 ER PT B AU Li, SN Ozpineci, B Tolbert, LM AF Li, Shengnan Ozpineci, Burak Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of a Current Source Active Power Filter to Reduce the DC Bus Capacitor in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Traction Drive SO 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE Active power filter; Current-source inverter; dc bus capacitor; Electric vehicle; Harmonic current; Hybrid electric vehicle AB In hybrid electric vehicles (HEY), a battery-powered three-phase inverter is used to drive the traction motor. Due to the switching behavior of this inverter, significant harmonic currents are present on the dc side of the inverter. Traditionally, a bulky capacitor is used to filter these harmonics. In this paper, an active filtering method is evaluated to substitute for the dc bus capacitor. The active power filter (APF), composed of power electronic switches and an inductor, works as a current-source inverter. The operation principle of the proposed method is described and implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The method has been proposed before but the practical feasibility of this method has not been evaluated. In this paper, several crucial design parameters in association with the filtering effect, such as voltage band and the values of the inductor and the smoothing capacitor are identified, and the dependence of system performance on these parameters is illustrated. Finally, the underlying problems for practical implementation are discussed. C1 [Li, Shengnan; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, SN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sli14@utk.edu; ozpinecib@ornl.gov; tolbert@utk.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2892-2 PY 2009 BP 1123 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BPQ32 UT WOS:000279630100168 ER PT B AU Chakraborty, S Kroposki, B Kramer, W AF Chakraborty, Sudipta Kroposki, Benjamin Kramer, William GP IEEE TI Evaluation of VAR Control and Voltage Regulation Functionalities in a Single-Phase Utility-Connected Inverter for Distributed Energy Applications SO 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE Distributed energy; IEEE 1547; utility-connected inverter; VAR control and voltage regulation AB With the increased penetration of distributed energy (DE) systems on the electrical distribution network and with the evolving concept of smart grid control and communications, these energy systems can be equipped with their own power electronics, not only for power conversion but also to supply VAR and regulate voltage. Though IEEE 1547 presently does not allow active voltage control by DE sources, the simulation and experimental results presented in this paper confirm that with simple control modification, a single-phase DE inverter can be designed to supply reactive power and regulate voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC), thus such an inverter can be beneficial to the utilities for reducing investment in voltage regulation devices. The implementation of fast prototyping techniques together with modular power electronic devices were utilized to achieve easier, low-cost implementation and prototyping of the DE interface for the experimental evaluation of the control algorithms. C1 [Chakraborty, Sudipta; Kroposki, Benjamin; Kramer, William] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chakraborty, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sudipta.chakraborty@nrel.gov; benjamin.kroposki@nrel.gov; bill.kramer@nrel.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2892-2 PY 2009 BP 1680 EP 1686 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BPQ32 UT WOS:000279630100245 ER PT B AU Reddy, PB Jahns, TM Bohn, TP AF Reddy, Patel. B. Jahns, Thomas. M. Bohn, Theodore. P. GP IEEE TI Transposition Effects on Bundle Proximity Losses in High-Speed PM Machines SO 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE AC losses; high-speed PM machines; proximity loss; bundle proximity effects; circulating currents; slot effects; 3-D effects; transposition effects AB Proximity effects caused by uneven distribution of current among the insulated wire strands of stator multi-strand windings can contribute significant bundle-level proximity losses in permanent magnet (PM) machines operating at high speeds. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to investigate the effects of transposition of the insulated strands in stator winding bundles on the copper losses in high-speed machines. The investigation confirms that the bundle proximity losses must be considered in the design of stator windings for high-speed machines, and the amplitude of these losses decreases monotonically as the level of transposition is increased from untransposed to fully-transposed (360 degrees) wire bundles. Analytical models are introduced to estimate the currents in strands in a slot for a high-speed machine. C1 [Reddy, Patel. B.; Jahns, Thomas. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bohn, Theodore. P.] Div Energy Syst, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reddy, PB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM patelr@cae.wisc.edu; tbohn@anl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2892-2 PY 2009 BP 1846 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BPQ32 UT WOS:000279630100268 ER PT B AU Miller, JM Bohn, T Dougherty, TJ Deshpande, U AF Miller, John M. Bohn, Ted Dougherty, Thomas J. Deshpande, Uday GP IEEE TI Why Hybridization of Energy Storage is Essential for Future Hybrid, Plug-in and Battery Electric Vehicles SO 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE Ultracapacitor; lithium-ion; active parallel; dc-dc converter; energy management AB By all indications the global lithium-ion battery industry is far from developing an electric energy storage component suitable in both energy and power that will satisfy the demands of strong hybrid, plug-in hybrid and especially battery electric vehicles. In this paper the hybridization of the electric energy storage system is explored in depth and offered as one means of circumventing the endless spiral of lithium-ion flavors that never seem quite able to satisfy vehicular energy storage needs for power and energy. C1 [Miller, John M.; Deshpande, Uday] Maxwell Technol, 9244 Balboa Ave, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Bohn, Ted] Adv Transportation Res Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60489 USA. [Dougherty, Thomas J.] Monolith Engines Inc, Waukesha, WI 53189 USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Maxwell Technol, 9244 Balboa Ave, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM jmiller@maxwell.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2892-2 PY 2009 BP 2874 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BPQ32 UT WOS:000279630101126 ER PT B AU Tang, LX Su, GJ AF Tang, Lixin Su, Gui-Jia GP IEEE TI A Low-Cost, Digitally-Controlled Charger for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles SO 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE AC/DC power conversion; Battery chargers ID DISTORTION AB In this paper, a low-cost onboard charger for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is presented and verified experimentally. The idea is to utilize the already available main traction and auxiliary motors and associated power electronics systems of an HEV to construct the charger circuit instead of building a standalone charger. Compared to the latter, it enables significant cost, weight, and volume reductions. The topology was verified by modeling and experimental results on a 14 kW prototype. C1 [Tang, Lixin; Su, Gui-Jia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Tang, LX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM lixin.tang@ieee.org; sugj@ornl.gov RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2892-2 PY 2009 BP 3790 EP 3796 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BPQ32 UT WOS:000279630101256 ER PT J AU Gordon, LB Cartelli, L AF Gordon, Lloyd B. Cartelli, Laura GP IEEE TI A COMPLETE ELECTRICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION SO 2009 IEEE IAS ELECTRICAL SAFETY WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IAS Electrical Safety Workshop 2009 CY FEB 02-06, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE, IAS DE Electrical safety; electrical injury; electrical hazard classification; electrical safety standards ID VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; CAPACITOR-DISCHARGE; ALTERNATING-CURRENT; INJURY; MECHANISMS; SHOCK; DEFIBRILLATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRAUMA; HEART AB The Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, NFPA 70E, and relevant OSHA electrical safety standards evolved to address the hazards of 60-Hz power that are faced primarily by electricians, linemen, and others performing facility and utility work. This leaves a substantial gap in the management of electrical hazards in Research and Development (R&D) and specialized high voltage and high power equipment. Examples include lasers, accelerators, capacitor banks, electroplating systems, induction and dielectric heating systems, etc. Although all such systems are fed by 50/60 Hz alternating current (ac) power, we find substantial use of direct current (dc) electrical energy, and the use of capacitors, inductors, batteries, and radiofrequency (RF) power. The electrical hazards of these forms of electricity and their systems are different than for 50/60 Hz power. Over the past 10 years there has been an effort to develop a method of classifying all of the electrical hazards found in all types of R&D and utilization equipment. Examples of the variation of these hazards from NFPA 70E include (a) high voltage can be harmless, if the available current is sufficiently low, (b) low voltage can be harmful if the available current/power is high, (c) high voltage capacitor hazards are unique and include severe reflex action, affects on the heart, and tissue damage, and (d) arc flash hazard analysis for dc and capacitor systems are not provided in existing standards. This work has led to a comprehensive electrical hazard classification system that is based on various research conducted over the past 100 years, on analysis of such systems in R&D, and on decades of experience. Initially, national electrical safety codes required the qualified worker only to know the source voltage to determine the shock hazard. Later, as arc flash hazards were understood, the fault current and clearing time were needed. These items are still insufficient to fully characterize all types of electrical hazards. The new comprehensive electrical hazard classification system uses a combination of voltage, shock current available, fault current available, power, energy, and waveform to classify all forms of electrical hazards. Based on this electrical hazard classification system, many new tools have been developed, including (a) work controls for these hazards, (b) better selection of PPE for R&D work, (c) improved training, and (d) a new Severity Ranking Tool that is used to rank electrical accidents and incidents with various forms of electrical energy. C1 [Gordon, Lloyd B.; Cartelli, Laura] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gordon, LB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K486, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lbgordon@lanl.gov; lcartelli@lanl.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2009 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BKG73 UT WOS:000268032100015 ER PT B AU Ha, DT Yan, GH Eidenbenz, S Ngo, HQ AF Ha, Duc T. Yan, Guanhua Eidenbenz, Stephan Ngo, Hung Q. GP IEEE TI On the Effectiveness of Structural Detection and Defense Against P2P-based Botnets SO 2009 IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS & NETWORKS (DSN 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE, IFIP WG 10 4, Large Scale Informat Syst Lab DE Botnets; Kademlia; structural analysis; monitoring; mitigation AB Recently; peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have emerged as a covert communication platform for malicious programs known as bats. As popular distributed systems, they allow bots to communicate easily while protecting the botmaster from being discovered. Existing work on P2P-based botnets mainly focuses on measurement-based studies of botnet behaviors. In this work, through simulation, we study extensively the structure of P2P networks running Kademlia, one of a few widely used P2P protocols in practice. Our simulation testbed not only incorporates the actual code of a real Kademlia client software to achieve high realism, but also applies distributed event-driven simulation techniques to achieve high scalability. Using this testbed, we analyze the scaling, clustering, reachability and various centrality properties of P2P-based botnets from a graph-theoretical perspective. We further demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that monitoring bat activities in a P2P network is difficult, suggesting that the P2P mechanism indeed helps botnets hide their communication effectively. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of some potential mitigation techniques,such as content poisoning, sybil-based and eclipse-based mitigation. Conclusions drawn front this work shed light on the structure of P2P botnets, how to monitor bat activities in P2P networks, and how to mitigate botnet operations effectively. C1 [Ha, Duc T.; Ngo, Hung Q.] Univ Buffalo, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Buffalo, NY 14200 USA. [Yan, Guanhua; Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ha, DT (reprint author), Univ Buffalo, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Buffalo, NY 14200 USA. EM ducha@buffalo.edu; ghyan@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov; hungngo@buffalo.edu FU NSF CAREER [CCF-0347565] FX Hung Ngo and Duc Ha were supported in part by NSF CAREER Award CCF-0347565. We would like to thank the anonymous referees for the valuable comments and Dr. Yves Roudier for his help on revising this paper. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4422-9 PY 2009 BP 297 EP + DI 10.1109/DSN.2009.5270322 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNP45 UT WOS:000275174400034 ER PT B AU Yan, GH Cuellar, L Eidenbenz, S Hengartner, N AF Yan, Guanhua Cuellar, Leticia Eidenbenz, Stephan Hengartner, Nicolas GP IEEE TI Blue-Watchdog: Detecting Bluetooth Worm Propagation in Public Areas SO 2009 IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS & NETWORKS (DSN 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE, IFIP WG 10 4, Large Scale Informat Syst Lab DE Bluetooth; Bluetooth worms; CUSUM; temporal detection; temporal-spatial detection AB The rising popularity of mobile devices, such as cellular phones and PDAs, has made them a lucrative playground for mobile malware propagation. One common infection vector exploited by these mobile malware is Bluetooth. In this paper, we propose an architecture called Blue-Watchdog that detects Bluetooth worm propagation in public areas based on statistical methods. To achieve fast and accurate Bluetooth worm detection, Blue-Watchdog monitors abrupt changes of average paging rate per Bluetooth device from both temporal and temporal-spatial perspectives. The temporal scheme relies on the CUSUM (Cumulative Sum sequential test together with the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), and the temporal-spatial scheme aims to identify spatial regions with abnormally frequent paging attempts. Experimental results show that Blue-Watchdog not only has low false alarm rates, but also effectively detects Bluetooth worms that spread quickly in areas where Bluetooth devices are greatly mixed due to high nobility and also those that, propagate relatively slowly in a spatially constrained fashion. C1 [Yan, Guanhua; Cuellar, Leticia; Eidenbenz, Stephan; Hengartner, Nicolas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Yan, GH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM ghyan@lanl.gov; leticia@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov; nickh@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4422-9 PY 2009 BP 317 EP 326 DI 10.1109/DSN.2009.5270319 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNP45 UT WOS:000275174400036 ER PT B AU Zheng, ZM Lan, ZL Park, BH Geist, A AF Zheng, Zinming Lan, Zhiling Park, Byung H. Geist, Al GP IEEE TI System Log Pre-processing to Improve Failure Prediction SO 2009 IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS & NETWORKS (DSN 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE, IFIP WG 10 4, Large Scale Informat Syst Lab DE log preprocessing; event categorization; event filtering; Cray XT4; IBM Blue Gene/L AB Log preprocessing, a process applied on the raw log before applying a predictive method, is of paramount importance to failure prediction and diagnosis. While existing filtering methods have demonstrated good compression rate, they fail to preserve important failure patterns that are crucial for failure analysis. To address the problem, in this paper we present a log preprocessing method. It consists of three integrated steps: (1) event categorization to uniformly classes system events and identify fatal events; (2) event filtering to remove temporal and spatial redundant records, while also preserving necessary failure patterns for failure analysis; (3) causality-related filtering to combine correlated events for filtering through apriori association rule mining. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our preprocessing method by using real failure logs collected from the Cray XT4 at ORNL and the Blue Gene/L system at SDSC. Experiments show that our method can preserve more failure patterns for failure analysis, thereby improving failure prediction by up to 174%. C1 [Zheng, Zinming; Lan, Zhiling] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Park, Byung H.; Geist, Al] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zheng, ZM (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM zzheng11@iit.edu; lan@iit.edu; parkbh@ornl.gov; gst@ornl.gov FU US NSF [CNS-0834514, CNS-0720549, CCF-0702737]; US DOE, Office of Science, Advanced Computing Science Research Division FX Z. Lan is supported by US NSF grants CNS-0834514, CNS-0720549, and CCF-0702737. The work of B.H. Park and A. Geist is supported by US DOE, Office of Science, Advanced Computing Science Research Division. We would like to thank John White and Eva Hocks at SDSC for helping us on the Blue Gene/L log. The authors like to thank the National Center for Computational Science for providing data, and Jeffrey Becklehimer for his help on the event categorization. Many thanks are due to our paper shepherd, Andrea Bondavalli, for his time and guidance. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4422-9 PY 2009 BP 572 EP + DI 10.1109/DSN.2009.5270289 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNP45 UT WOS:000275174400064 ER PT S AU Kroposki, B Sen, PK Malmedal, K AF Kroposki, Benjamin Sen, P. K. Malmedal, Keith GP IEEE TI OPTIMUM SIZING AND PLACEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS SO 2009 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Distributed Energy Resources; Distributed Generation; Storage; Optimization; Distribution System AB Climate change concerns, mandatory requirements for the renewable portfolio standards, incentives offered by the Government, and cost reduction in renewables and distributed energy sources (DER) are some of the driving forces for the steep growth in DER installations. DERs are commonly connected near the load in the electric power distribution system. DER includes renewable energy such as wind and solar, fossil-fuel based generation- microturbines, and other distributed energy storage elements. In this research, a novel methodology is developed that optimizes the sizing and placement of DER on electrical distribution feeders based on technical and economic considerations. The paper also evaluates the methodology on the IEEE 34-bus system. C1 [Kroposki, Benjamin] Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sen, P. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Power Syst Engn Res Ctr PSerc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Malmedal, Keith] NEI Elect Power Engn Inc, Arvada, CO 80001 USA. [Malmedal, Keith] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM benjamin_kroposki@nrel.gov; psen@mines.edu; kmalmedal@neiengineering.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-3475-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2009 BP 716 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BNW46 UT WOS:000275738800111 ER PT S AU Demarteau, M Arai, Y Moser, HG Re, V AF Demarteau, Marcel Arai, Yasuo Moser, Hans-Guenther Re, Valerio GP IEEE TI Developments of Novel Vertically Integrated Pixel Sensors in the High Energy Physics Community SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 3D SYSTEMS INTEGRATION SE IEEE International 3D Systems Integration Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on 3D Systems Integration CY SEP 28-30, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE ID TECHNOLOGY; DETECTORS AB High energy physics experiments at future particle accelerators set very demanding requirements on the performance of sensors and readout electronics. In these applications, silicon pixel detectors have to integrate advanced functionalities in the pixel cell itself, such as amplification, filtering, discrimination, time stamping, zero suppression and analog-to-digital conversion. This paper discusses how 3D vertical integration has the potential of providing a performance breakthrough in particle detection systems, and how the high energy physics community is organizing itself to meet the challenges of designing and fabricating vertically integrated devices. C1 [Demarteau, Marcel] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Arai, Yasuo] KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Moser, Hans-Guenther] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Re, Valerio] Univ Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy. [Re, Valerio] INFN, Pavia, Italy. RP Demarteau, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-0157 BN 978-1-4244-4511-0 J9 IEEE INT 3D SYST PY 2009 BP 29 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN32 UT WOS:000275055600006 ER PT S AU Wohlberg, B AF Wohlberg, Brendt GP IEEE TI INPAINTING WITH SPARSE LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF EXEMPLARS SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 8, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 19-24, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Image restoration; Inpainting; Exemplar AB We introduce a new exemplar-based inpainting algorithm that represents the region to be inpainted as a sparse linear combination of example blocks, extracted from the image being inpainted or an external training image set. This method is conceptually simple, being computed by minimization of a simple functional, and avoids the complexity of correctly ordering the filling in of missing regions of other exemplar-based methods. Initial performance comparisons on small inpainting regions indicate that this method provides similar or better performance than other recent methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohlberg, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7 Math Modeling & Anal, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-2353-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2009 BP 689 EP 692 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4959677 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BKQ01 UT WOS:000268919200173 ER PT S AU Wohlberg, B Rodriguez, P AF Wohlberg, Brendt Rodriguez, Paul GP IEEE TI AN l(1)-TV ALGORITHM FOR DECONVOLUTION WITH SALT AND PEPPER NOISE SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 8, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 19-24, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Image restoration; Deconvolution; Impulse noise; Total Variation ID MINIMIZATION AB There has recently been considerable interest in applying Total Variation regularization with an 6 data fidelity term to the denoising of images subject to salt and pepper noise, but the extension of this formulation to more general problems, such as deconvolution, has received little attention. We consider this problem, comparing the performance of l(1)-TV deconvolution, computed via our Iteratively Reweighted Norm algorithm with an alternative variational approach based on Mumford-Shah regularization. The l(1)-TV deconvolution method is found to have a significant advantage in reconstruction quality, with comparable computational cost. C1 [Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rodriguez, Paul] Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Digital Signal Proc Grp, Lima, Peru. RP Wohlberg, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-2353-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2009 BP 1257 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4959819 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BKQ01 UT WOS:000268919200315 ER PT S AU Bugallo, MF Takai, H Marx, M Bynum, D Hover, J AF Bugallo, Monica F. Takai, Helio Marx, Michael Bynum, David Hover, John GP IEEE TI HANDS-ON ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE: DISCOVERING COSMIC RAYS USING RADAR-BASED TECHNIQUES AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGY SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 8, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 19-24, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE MARIACHI; ultra-high-energy cosmic rays; multidisciplinary education; radar-based techniques; scintillator ground detector; mobile technology AB This paper reports on the latest efforts of the MARIACHI(1) program at Stony Brook University, a unique endeavor that detects and studies ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. This is done by using a novel detection technique based on radar-like technology and traditional scintillator ground detectors. Using the phenomena of cosmic rays and meteors as vehicles to motivate research and educational activities, innovative hands-on modules in physics, engineering and cyberinfrastructure based on a learning by doing philosophy are offered to high school teachers and students. Participants at all levels are engaged in research projects, seminars, and workshops, where they will learn to use tools needed in MARIACHI by means of mobile technology. C1 [Bugallo, Monica F.; Marx, Michael; Bynum, David] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Takai, Helio; Hover, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bugallo, MF (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM monica@ece.sunysb.edu; takai@bnl.gov RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0636194]; Hewlett-Packard Technology [2397700]; SBU/BNL [37298]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (OCI-0636194), the 2008 Hewlett-Packard Technology for Teaching grant (2397700), the SBU/BNL Seed Grant Program (37298) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886). NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-2353-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2009 BP 2321 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4960085 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BKQ01 UT WOS:000268919201120 ER PT S AU Sundaresan, A Varshney, PK Rao, NSV AF Sundaresan, Ashok Varshney, Pramod K. Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI DISTRIBUTED DETECTION OF A NUCLEAR RADIOACTIVE SOURCE BASED ON A HIERARCHICAL SOURCE MODEL SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 8, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 19-24, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Distributed Detection; Decision Fusion; Hierarchical Model; Restricted MLE ID SENSOR NETWORKS AB Detection of a nuclear radioactive source is considered using a parallel sensor network architecture and a fusion center. A Poisson-Gamma hierarchical model is used to represent the distribution of the count data received by the sensors. Local sensors are assumed to be single threshold binary quantizers that send a vector of sensor decisions over time to the fusion center for global decision-making. Using the developed count model, a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) using a restricted range MLE (RMLE) is proposed to declare the global decision. The performance improvement resulting from using the restricted range MLE over the unrestricted MLE while implementing the GLRT is depicted using simulated as well as real data collected from a test-bed using radiation sensors. Using bootstrap, 95% confidence bounds on the ROC curves, evaluated using real data, are obtained. C1 [Sundaresan, Ashok; Varshney, Pramod K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept EECS, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sundaresan, A (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept EECS, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU UT Battelle, LLC [4000053980]; Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This material is based on work supported by UT Battelle, LLC Subcontract number 4000053980, with funding originating from Department of Energy Contract Number DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-2353-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2009 BP 2901 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4960230 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BKQ01 UT WOS:000268919201265 ER PT B AU Patrick, CM Garg, R Son, SW Kandemir, M AF Patrick, Christina M. Garg, Rajat Son, Seung Woo Kandemir, Mahmut GP IEEE TI Improving I/O Performance Using Soft-QoS-Based Dynamic Storage Cache Partitioning SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC ID IMPLEMENTATION AB Resources are often shared to improve resource utilization and reduce costs. However, not all resources exhibit good performance when shared among multiple applications. The work presented here focuses on effectively managing a shared storage cache. To provide differentiated services to applications exercising a storage cache, we propose a novel scheme that uses curve fitting to dynamically partition the storage cache. Our scheme quickly adapts to application execution, showing increasing accuracy over time. It satisfies application QoS if it is possible to do so, maximizes the individual hit rates of the applications utilizing the cache, and consequently increases the overall storage cache hit rate. Through extensive trace-driven simulation, we show that our storage cache partitioning strategy not only effectively insulates multiple applications from one another but also provides QoS guarantees to applications over a long period of execution time. Using our partitioning strategy, we were able to increase the individual storage cache hit rates of the applications by 67% and 53% over the no-partitioning and equal-partitioning schemes, respectively. Additionally, we improved the overall cache hit rates of the entire storage system by 11% and 12.9% over the no-partitioning and equal-partitioning schemes, respectively, while meeting the QoS goals all the time. C1 [Patrick, Christina M.; Garg, Rajat; Kandemir, Mahmut] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Son, Seung Woo] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Patrick, CM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM patrick@cse.psu.edu; rgarg@cse.psu.edu; sson@mcs.anl.gov; kandemir@cse.psu.edu FU NSF [0833126, 821527, 0720749, 0724599, 0621402, 0444158]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported in part by NSF grants #0833126, #821527, #0720749, #0724599, #0621402, and #0444158 and by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2009.5289192 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800001 ER PT B AU Wilkening, J Wilke, A Desai, N Meyer, F AF Wilkening, Jared Wilke, Andreas Desai, Narayan Meyer, Folker GP IEEE TI Using Clouds for Metagenomics: A Case Study SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC ID DIVERSITY AB Cutting-edge sequencing systems produce data at a prodigious rate; and the analysis of these datasets requires significant computing resources. Cloud computing provides a tantalizing possibility for on-demand access to computing resources. However, many open questions remain. We present here a performance assessment of BLAST on real metagenomics data in a cloud setting, in order to determine the viability of this approach. BLAST is one of the premier applications in bioinformatics and computational biology and is assumed to consume the vast majority of resources in that area. C1 [Wilkening, Jared; Wilke, Andreas; Desai, Narayan; Meyer, Folker] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wilkening, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jared@mcs.anl.gov; wilke@mcs.anl.gov; desai@mcs.anl.gov; folker@mcs.anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800009 ER PT B AU Ali, N Carns, P Iskra, K Kimpe, D Lang, S Latham, R Ross, R Ward, L Sadayappan, P AF Ali, Nawab Carns, Philip Iskra, Kamil Kimpe, Dries Lang, Samuel Latham, Robert Ross, Robert Ward, Lee Sadayappan, P. GP IEEE TI Scalable I/O Forwarding Framework for High-Performance Computing Systems SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC DE I/O forwarding; Parallel file systems; Leadership-class machines AB Current leadership-class machines suffer from a significant imbalance between their computational power and their I/O bandwidth. While Moore's law ensures that the computational power of high-performance computing systems increases with every generation, the same is not true for their I/O subsystems. The scalability challenges faced by existing parallel file systems with respect to the increasing number of clients, coupled with the minimalistic compute node kernels running on these machines, call for a new I/O paradigm to meet the requirements of data-intensive scientific applications. I/O forwarding is a technique that attempts to bridge the increasing performance and scalability gap between the compute and I/O components of leadership-class machines by shipping I/O calls from compute nodes to dedicated I/O nodes. The I/O nodes perform operations on behalf of the compute nodes and can reduce file system traffic by aggregating, rescheduling, and caching I/O requests. This paper presents an open, scalable I/O forwarding framework for high-performance computing systems. We describe an I/O protocol and API for shipping function calls from compute nodes to I/O nodes, and we present a quantitative analysis of the overhead associated with I/O forwarding. C1 [Ali, Nawab; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carns, Philip; Iskra, Kamil; Lang, Samuel; Latham, Robert; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kimpe, Dries] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ward, Lee] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ali, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM alin@cse.ohio-state.edu; carns@mcs.anl.gov; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; dkimpe@mcs.anl.gov; slang@mcs.anl.gov; robl@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov; lee@sandia.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 86 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800010 ER PT B AU Ong, H Saragol, N Chanchio, K Leangsuksun, C AF Ong, Hong Saragol, Natthapol Chanchio, Kasidit Leangsuksun, Chokchai GP IEEE TI VCCP: A Transparent, Coordinated Checkpointing System for Virtualization-based Cluster Computing SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC DE coordinated checkpointing; virtualization; fault tolerance; high performance computing AB Virtual machine, which typically consists of a guest operating system (OS) and its serial applications, can be checkpointed, migrated to another cluster node, and restarted later to its previous saved state. However, to date, it is nontrivial to provide checkpoint-restart mechanisms with the same level of transparency for distributed applications running on a cluster of virtual machines. To address this particular issue, we have created the Virtual Cluster CheckPointiing (VCCP) system, a novel system for transparent coordinated checkpoint-restart of virtual machines and its distributed application on commodity clusters. In this paper, we detail the design and implementation of the VCCP system. Our VCCP prototype extends the open source QEMU system with kqemu module by implementing hypervisor-based Coordinated Checkpoint-Restart protocols. To verify and validate our prototype, we measured its performance using the NAS parallel benchmark. Our experimental results indicate that VCCP generates less than 1% of additional execution overhead for non-communication intensive parallel applications. Furthermore, our correctness analysis shows that VCCP does not cause message loss or reordering, which is a necessary property to ensure correctness of checkpoint-restart mechanism. Finally, we believe that VCCP is a promising checkpoint-restart alternative for legacy applications that have implemented traditional process-level checkpoint-restart. C1 [Ong, Hong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Saragol, Natthapol; Chanchio, Kasidit] Thammasat Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand. [Leangsuksun, Chokchai] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Ong, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hongong@ornl.gov; off_natoff@yahoo.com; kasidit@cs.tu.ac.th; box@latech.edu FU contractor of the U.S. Government [DEAC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-08ER25836]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0834483] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 and DE-FG02-08ER25836 and National Science Foundation Contract No. CNS-0834483. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 116 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800013 ER PT B AU Laros, JH Pedretti, KT Kelly, SM Vandyke, JP Ferreira, KB Vaughan, CT Swan, M AF Laros, James H., III Pedretti, Kevin T. Kelly, Suzanne M. Vandyke, John P. Ferreira, Kurt B. Vaughan, Courtenay T. Swan, Mark GP IEEE TI Topics on Measuring Real Power Usage on High Performance Computing Platforms SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB Power has recently been recognized as one of the major obstacles in fielding a Peta-FLOPs class system. To reach Exa-FLOPs, the challenge will certainly be compounded. In this paper we will discuss a number of High Performance Computing power related topics. We first describe our implementation of a scalable power measurement framework that has enabled us to examine real power use (current draw). [Using this framework, samples were obtained at a per-node (socket) granularity, at frequencies of up to 100 samples per second.] Additionally, we describe how we applied this capability to implement power conserving measures on our Catamount Light Weight Kernel, where we achieved an 80% improvement. This ability has enabled us to quantify the amount of energy used by applications and to contrast application energy use between a Light Weight and General Purpose operating system. Finally, we show application energy use increases proportionally with the increase in run-time due to operating system noise. Areas of future interest will also be discussed. C1 [Laros, James H., III; Pedretti, Kevin T.; Kelly, Suzanne M.; Vandyke, John P.; Ferreira, Kurt B.; Vaughan, Courtenay T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Swan, Mark] Cray Inc, Seattle, WA 98164 USA. RP Laros, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jhlaros@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 154 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800017 ER PT B AU Abbasi, H Lofstead, J Fang, Z Schwan, K Wolf, M Klasky, S AF Abbasi, Hasan Lofstead, Jay Fang Zheng Schwan, Karsten Wolf, Matthew Klasky, Scott GP IEEE TI Extending I/O through High Performance Data Services SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB The complexity of HPC systems has increased the burden on the developer as applications scale to hundreds of thousands of processing cores. Moreover, additional efforts are required to achieve acceptable I/O performance, where it is important how I/O is performed, which resources are used, and where I/O functionality is deployed. Specifically, by scheduling I/O data movement and by effectively placing operators affecting data volumes or information about the data, tremendous gains can be achieved both in the performance of simulation output and in the usability of output data. Previous studies have shown the value of using asynchronous I/O, of employing a staging area, and of performing select operations on data before it is written to disk. Leveraging such insights, this paper develops and experiments with higher level I/O abstractions, termed "data services", that manage output data from 'source to sink': where/when it is captured, transported towards storage, and filtered or manipulated by service functions to improve its information content. Useful services include data reduction, data indexing, and those that manage how I/O is performed, i.e., the control aspects of data movement. Our data services implementation distinguishes control aspects - the control plane - from data movement - the data plane, so that both may be changed separably. This results in runtime flexibility not only in which services to employ, but also in where to deploy them and how they use I/O resources. The outcome is consistently high levels of I/O performance at large scale, without requiring application change. C1 [Abbasi, Hasan; Lofstead, Jay; Fang Zheng; Schwan, Karsten; Wolf, Matthew] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Klasky, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Abbasi, H (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM habbasi@cc.gatech.edu; lostead@cc.gatech.edu; fhzeng@cc.gatech.edu; schwan@cc.gatech.edu; mwolf@cc.gatech.edu; klasky@ornl.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 253 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800028 ER PT B AU Vishnu, A Krishnan, M Panda, DK AF Vishnu, A. Krishnan, M. Panda, D. K. GP IEEE TI An Efficient Hardware-Software Approach to Network Fault Tolerance with InfiniBand SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC C1 [Vishnu, A.; Krishnan, M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Panda, D. K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Vishnu, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM abhinav.vishnu@pnl.gov; manoj@pnl.gov; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu FU Computational Science and Mathematics Division program of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy FX 1This work is supported by Computational Science and Mathematics Division program of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy, with a contract for Pacific NorthWest National Lab, operate by Battelle. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 263 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800029 ER PT B AU Ionkov, L Van Hensbergen, E AF Ionkov, Latchesar Van Hensbergen, Eric GP IEEE TI XCPU2 Distributed Seamless Desktop Extension SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB XCPU2 is the evolution of our XCPU process management system which allows the users to compose the environment of the remote cluster nodes to match that of their desktop workstation. This creates the illusion of cluster computation resources being a seamless extension of their desktop interface, facilitating cluster acceleration of workfiows which can be composed and visualized on the end-user desktop. XCPU2 allows programs running on the cluster to use the same versions of the libraries and tools the user installed locally on their desktop, and access support files such as configuration and data in the familiar places in which they are located on the end-user's workstation. XCPU2 builds on our earlier work with the XCPU process management system. Like XCPU, XCPU2's interface is represented as a set of files exported by a 9P file server. It supports heterogeneous clusters and multiple head nodes. Unlike XCPU, it uses a pull instead of push model for distributed applications, binaries, and data. In this paper we describe the XCPU2 clustering model, its operation and how the per-job filesystem configuration can be used to solve some of the common problems when running a cluster. C1 [Ionkov, Latchesar] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Van Hensbergen, Eric] IBM Austin, Res Lab, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Ionkov, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lionkov@lanl.gov; bergevan@us.ibm.com FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER25851] FX Aspects of this work originating at IBM have been supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FG02-08ER25851 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 272 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800030 ER PT B AU Bennett, J Grout, R Pebay, P Roe, D Thompson, D AF Bennett, Janine Grout, Ray Pebay, Philippe Roe, Diana Thompson, David GP IEEE TI Numerically Stable, Single-Pass, Parallel Statistics Algorithms SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB Statistical analysis is widely used for countless scientific applications in order to analyze and infer meaning from data. A key challenge of any statistical analysis package aimed at large-scale, distributed data is to address the orthogonal issues of parallel scalability and numerical stability. In this paper we derive a series of formulas that allow for single-pass, yet numerically robust, pairwise parallel and incremental updates of both arbitrary-order centered statistical moments and co-moments. Using these formulas, we have built an open source parallel statistics framework that performs principal component analysis (PCA) in addition to computing descriptive, correlative, and multi-correlative statistics. The results of a scalability study demonstrate numerically stable, near-optimal scalability on up to 128 processes and results are presented in which the statistical framework is used to process large-scale turbulent combustion simulation data with 1500 processes. C1 [Bennett, Janine; Grout, Ray; Pebay, Philippe; Roe, Diana; Thompson, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bennett, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9159,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jcbenne@sandia.gov; rwgrout@sandia.gov; pppebay@sandia.gov; dcroe@sandia.gov; dcthomp@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800033 ER PT B AU Wei, T Lan, ZL Desai, N Buettner, D AF Wei Tang Lan, Zhiling Desai, Narayan Buettner, Daniel GP IEEE TI Fault-Aware, Utility-Based Job Scheduling on Blue Gene/P Systems SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB Job scheduling on large-scale systems is an increasingly complicated affair, with numerous factors influencing scheduling policy. Addressing these concerns results in sophisticated scheduling policies that can be difficult to reason about. In this paper, we present a general utility-based scheduling framework to balance various scheduling requirements and priorities. It enables system owners to customize scheduling policies under different circumstances without changing the scheduling code. We also develop a fault-aware job allocation strategy for Blue Gene/P systems to address the increasing concern of system failures. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these facilities by means of event-driven simulations with real job traces collected from the production Blue Gene/P system at Argonne National Laboratory. C1 [Wei Tang; Lan, Zhiling] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Desai, Narayan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Buettner, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne LeaderShip Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wei, T (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM wtang6@iit.edu; lan@iit.edu; desai@mcs.anl.gov; buettner@alcf.anl.gov FU US National Science Foundation [CNS-0834514, CNS-0720549, CCF 0702737]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants CNS-0834514, CNS-0720549, and CCF 0702737. The work at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research uses resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 345 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800038 ER PT B AU Barrett, BW Hemmert, KS AF Barrett, Brian W. Hemmert, K. Scott GP IEEE TI An Application Based MPI Message Throughput Benchmark SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB Recent trends in high performance computing have renewed interest in the ability of platforms to sustain high message throughput rates. The continued growth in platform scale, combined with emerging application areas, are pushing platforms to support increasing message rates. Best-case message throughput has grown in previous hardware generations due to growing clock rates and software optimization techniques. However, previous work has shown that MPI receive queue length and cache hit rates can drastically impact message throughput, leading to a significantly lower worst-case message throughput. This paper introduces the Sandia Message Throughput benchmark which measures message throughput using a communication pattern which is neither best-case nor worst-case, but which mimics communication patterns found in real-world applications. Results on InfiniBand, Myrinet, and Cray XT platforms are presented, and suggest that message rates on some networks are greatly impacted by cache invalidation between communication phases, simultaneously sending and receiving, and by communicating with more than one peer simultaneously. C1 [Barrett, Brian W.; Hemmert, K. Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barrett, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bwbarre@sandia.gov; kshemme@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 411 EP 418 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800045 ER PT B AU Allan, B Chen, H Cranford, S Minnich, R Rudish, D Ward, L AF Allan, Benjamin Chen, Helen Cranford, Scott Minnich, Ron Rudish, Don Ward, Lee GP IEEE TI On Optimizing I/O Through InfiniBand RDMA for Commodity Clusters SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB Our goal was to enable pNFS as a high-performance parallel rile system by using network file system (NFS) storage objects and InfiniBand remote direct memory access (RDMA) transport in the Linux mainline. One obstacle to this approach was the performance bottleneck in NFS/RDMA streaming-writes from the compute nodes. We benchmarked, tuned, and improved the streaming-write efficiency of the Linux NFS client. However, deeper analyses of the benchmarks and the various I/O short-circuit schemes established upper bounds on the performance of the NFS client-even with an infinitely fast network so that the performance was substantially less than the theoretical streaming bandwidth of the fast interconnections. The complex interactions between the Linux virtual file system, Linux virtual memory management, and the IB network subsystems apparently impose a limit on further improvement. C1 [Allan, Benjamin; Chen, Helen; Cranford, Scott; Minnich, Ron; Rudish, Don; Ward, Lee] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allan, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM baallan@sandia.gov; hycsw@sandia.gov; scranfo@sandia.gov; rminnich@sandia.gov; dwrudis@sandia.gov; lee@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 487 EP 492 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800054 ER PT B AU van Gemmeren, P Malon, D AF van Gemmeren, Peter Malon, David GP IEEE TI The Event Data Store and I/O Framework for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, a collaboration of approximately 2600 particle physicists worldwide, will soon produce tens of petabytes of data annually, with an equivalent amount of simulated data. Even in advance of data taking, ATLAS has already accumulated many petabytes of event data from detector commissioning activities and simulation. This paper provides an overview of the design and implementation of the scientific data store that hosts ATLAS event data, and describes how the store is populated, organized, and typically accessed. Aspects of the event I/O framework and supporting infrastructure are also described. The paper further discusses some of the challenges that must be addressed for a scientific data store of this scope, scale, and complexity. C1 [van Gemmeren, Peter; Malon, David] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van Gemmeren, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gemmeren@anl.gov; malon@anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 493 EP 500 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800055 ER PT B AU Carns, P Latham, R Ross, R Iskra, K Lang, S Riley, K AF Carns, Philip Latham, Robert Ross, Robert Iskra, Kamil Lang, Samuel Riley, Katherine GP IEEE TI 24/7 Characterization of Petascale I/O Workloads SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC ID PERFORMANCE; ACCESS AB Developing and tuning computational science applications to run on extreme scale systems are increasingly complicated processes. Challenges such as managing memory access and tuning message-passing behavior are made easier by tools designed specifically to aid in these processes. Tools that can help users better understand the behavior of their application with respect to I/O have not yet reached the level of utility necessary to play a central role in application development and tuning. This deficiency in the tool set means that we have a poor understanding of how specific applications interact with storage. Worse, the community has little knowledge of what sorts of access patterns are common in today's applications, leading to confusion in the storage research community as to the pressing needs of the computational science community. This paper describes the Darshan I/O characterization tool. Darshan is designed to capture an accurate picture of application I/O behavior, including properties such as patterns of access within files, with the minimum possible overhead. This characterization can shed important light on the I/O behavior of applications at extreme scale. Darshan also can enable researchers to gain greater insight into the overall patterns of access exhibited by such applications, helping the storage community to understand how to best serve current computational science applications and better predict the needs of future applications. In this work we demonstrate Darshan's ability to characterize the I/O behavior of four scientific applications and show that it induces negligible overhead for I/O intensive jobs with as many as 65,536 processes. C1 [Carns, Philip; Latham, Robert; Ross, Robert; Iskra, Kamil; Lang, Samuel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Riley, Katherine] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carns, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM carns@mcs.anl.gov; robl@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; slang@mcs.anl.gov; riley@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 516 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800058 ER PT B AU Otoo, E Rotem, D Tsao, SC AF Otoo, Ekow Rotem, Doron Tsao, Shih-Chiang GP IEEE TI Workload-Adaptive Management of Energy-Smart Disk Storage Systems SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB Recent studies have identified disk storage systems as one of the major consumers of power in data centers. Many disk power management (DPM) schemes were suggested where the power consumed by disks is reduced by spinning them down during long idle periods. Spinning the disks down and up results in additional energy and response time costs. For that reason, DPM schemes are effective only if the disks experience relatively long idle periods and the scheme does not introduce a severe response time penalty. In this paper we introduce a dynamic block exchange algorithm which switches data between disks based on the observed workload such that frequently accessed blocks end up residing on a few "hot" disks thus allowing the majority of disks to experience longer idle periods. We validate the effectiveness of the algorithm with trace-driven simulations showing power savings of up to 50% with very small response time penalties. C1 [Otoo, Ekow; Rotem, Doron; Tsao, Shih-Chiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Otoo, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejotoo@lbl.gov; d_rotem@lbl.gov; weafon@lbl.gov RI Ozturk, Ozcan/G-5184-2011 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 526 EP 536 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800059 ER PT B AU Lang, S Latham, R Ross, R Kimpe, D AF Lang, Sam Latham, Rob Ross, Rob Kimpe, Dries GP IEEE TI Interfaces for Coordinated Access in the File System SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB Distributed applications routinely use the file system for coordination of access and often rely on POSIX consistency semantics or file system lock support for coordination. In this paper we discuss the types of coordination many distributed applications perform and the coordination model they are restricted to using with locks. Me introduce an alternative coordination model in the file system that uses extended attribute support in the file system to provide atomic operations on serialization variables. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for a number of coordination patterns common to distributed applications. C1 [Lang, Sam; Latham, Rob; Ross, Rob] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kimpe, Dries] Univ Chicago, Comp Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Lang, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM salng@mcs.anl.gov; robl@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov; dkimpe@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 537 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800060 ER PT B AU Gao, K Liao, WK Choudhary, A Ross, R Latham, R AF Gao, Kui Liao, Wei-keng Choudhary, Alok Ross, Robert Latham, Robert GP IEEE TI Combining I/O Operations for Multiple Array Variables in Parallel NetCDF SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC DE parallel netCDF; MPI-IO; parallel-IO AB Parallel netCDF (PnetCDF) is a popular library used in many scientific applications to store scientific datasets. It provides high-performance parallel I/O while maintaining file-format compatibility with Unidata's netCDE Array variables comprise the bulk of the data in a netCDF dataset, and for accesses to large regions of single array variables, PnetCDF attains very high performance. However, the current PnetCDF interface only allows access to one array variable per call. If an application instead accesses a large number of small-sized array variables, this interface limitation can cause significant performance degradation, because high end network and storage systems deliver much higher performance with larger request sizes. Moreover, the record variables data is stored interleaved by record, and the contiguity information is lost, so the existing MPI-IO collective I/O optimization can not help. This paper presents a new mechanism for PnetCDF to combine multiple I/O operations for better I/O performance. This mechanism can be used in a new function that takes arguments for reading/writing multiple array variables, allowing application programmers to explicitly access multiple array variables in a single call. It can also be used in the implementation of asynchronous I/O functions, so that the combination is carried out implicitly, without changes to the application. Our performance results demonstrate significant improvement using well-known application benchmarks. C1 [Gao, Kui; Liao, Wei-keng; Choudhary, Alok] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ross, Robert; Latham, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gao, K (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM kgao@eecs.northwestern.edu; wkliao@eecs.northwestern.edu; choudhar@eecs.northwestern.edu; rross@mcs.anl.gov; robl@mcs.anl.gov RI Liao, Wei-keng/B-7247-2009; Choudhary, Alok/C-5486-2009 FU Scientific Data Management Center for Enabling Technologies (CET) [DOE SCIDAC-2DOE SCIDAC-2, DE-FC0207ER25808, DOE FAS-TOS, DEFG0208ER25848, NSF HECURA CCF-0621443, NSF SDCI OCI-0724599, NSF ST-HEC CCF-0444405]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Sci-ence, U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC0206CHl1357, DE-FG0208ER25835, DE-AC0205CHl1231]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; National Science Foundation; NCSA [TG-CCR0600 17T, TG-CCR0800 19T, TGASC080050N] FX This work was supported in part by DOE SCIDAC-2: Scientific Data Management Center for Enabling Technologies (CET) grant DE-FC0207ER25808, DOE FAS-TOS award number DEFG0208ER25848, NSF HECURA CCF-0621443, NSF SDCI OCI-0724599, and NSF ST-HEC CCF-0444405. This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Sci-ence, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC0206CHl1357, and in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy award DE-FG0208ER25835. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CHl1231. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by NCSA, under TeraGrid Projects TG-CCR0600 17T, TG-CCR0800 19T, and TGASC080050N. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 546 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800061 ER PT B AU Mitchell, C Nunez, J Wang, J AF Mitchell, Christopher Nunez, James Wang, Jun GP IEEE TI Overlapped Checkpointing with Hardware Assist SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB We present a new approach to handling the demanding I/O workload incurred during checkpoint writes encountered in High Performance Computing. Prior efforts to improve performance have been bound by issues such as hard drive limitations, and the network. Our research surpasses this limitation by providing a method to: (1) write checkpoint data to a high-speed, non-volatile buffer, and (2) asynchronously write this data to permanent storage while resuming computation. This removes the hard drive from the critical data path because our I/O node based buffers isolate the compute nodes from the storage servers. This solution is feasible because of industry declines in cost for high-capacity, non-volatile storage technologies. Testing was conducted using a standardized HPC benchmark on a test bed cluster at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Results show a definitive speedup factor for select workloads over writing directly to a typical global parallel file system; the Panasas ActiveScale File System. C1 [Mitchell, Christopher; Wang, Jun] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Nunez, James] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitchell, C (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM mitchell@eecs.ucf.edu; jnunez@lanl.gov; jwang@eecs.ucf.edu FU NSF [CNS-0646910, CNS-0646911, CCF-0621526, CCF-0811413]; Department of Energy [DE-FG0207ER25747] FX Finally, we would like to thank the NSF for sponsoring this work under grants: CNS-0646910, CNS-0646911, CCF-0621526, CCF-0811413 and the Department of Energy for also sponsoring us under Early Career Principal Investigator Award: DE-FG0207ER25747. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 556 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800062 ER PT B AU Allada, V Benjegerdes, T Bode, B AF Allada, Veerendra Benjegerdes, Troy Bode, Brett GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of Memory Transfers and GEMM Subroutines on NVIDIA Tesla GPU Cluster SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC DE Performance; GPU cluster; NetPIPE; CUDA; CUBLAS; Testa; Math Kernel Library ID GRAPHICS AB Commodity clusters augmented with application accelerators are evolving as competitive high performance computing systems. The Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) with a very high arithmetic density and performance per price ratio is a good platform for the scientific application acceleration. In addition to the interconnect bottlenecks among the cluster compute nodes, the cost of memory copies between the host and the GPU device have to be carefully amortized to improve the overall efficiency of the application. Scientific applications also rely on efficient implementation of the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS), among which the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) is considered as the workhorse subroutine. In this paper, we study the performance of the memory copies and GEMM subroutines that are crucial to port the computational chemistry algorithms to the GPU clusters. To that end, a benchmark based on the NetPIPE [1] framework is developed to evaluate the latency and bandwidth of the memory copies between the host and the GPU device. The performance of the single and double precision GEMM subroutines from the NVIDIA CUBLAS 2.0 library are studied. The results have been compared with that of the BLAS routines from the Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL) to understand the computational trade-offs. The test bed is a Intel Xeon cluster equipped with NVIDIA Tesla GPUs. C1 [Allada, Veerendra; Benjegerdes, Troy] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bode, Brett] Univ Champaign, Natl Ctr Supercomput Appl, Champaign, IL USA. RP Allada, V (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM allada@iastate.edu; troy@scl.ameslab.gov; bbode@ncsa.uiuc.edu FU Iowa State University of Science and Technology [DE-AC0207CH11358]; U.S. Department of Energy; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NVIDIA Corporation; GPU cluster FX This manuscript has been authored by Iowa State University of Science and Technology under Contract No. DE-AC0207CH11358 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and NVIDIA Corporation for providing funds and equipment to build the GPU cluster. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 654 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800082 ER PT S AU Erickson, D Daniel, J Allen, M Ganguly, A Hoffman, F Pawson, S Ott, L Neilson, E AF Erickson, David Daniel, Jamison Allen, Melissa Ganguly, Auroop Hoffman, Forrest Pawson, Steven Ott, Lesley Neilson, Eric BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Data Mining Geophysical Content from Satellites and Global Climate Models SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press AB We present an example of a simulated global climate model that is intended to stream real-time NASA data into the geophysical and climate science and assessment community over the next 5-10 years. It is known that the 3-D atmospheric wave structures and transport physics interact with spatially and time varying surface sources and sinks of CO2, and that this communication between surface and atmosphere results in an exceedingly complicated evolution of atmospheric CO2 in time and space. Data mining techniques may be applied to the further development this 4-D model by incorporating satellite-generated data sets for hundreds of geophysical climate variables into existing simulation structures. These data sets are of order 100's of Terabytes. Data mining will allow the determination of the fluxes of atmospheric CO2. Data mining and knowledge acquisition contribute to the accurate determination of the sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2, facilitating among other scientific discoveries, global treaty verification. C1 [Erickson, David; Daniel, Jamison; Allen, Melissa; Ganguly, Auroop; Hoffman, Forrest] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pawson, Steven; Ott, Lesley; Neilson, Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Erickson, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 214 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.109 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100034 ER PT S AU Kao, SC Ganguly, AR Steinhaeuser, K AF Kao, Shih-Chieh Ganguly, Auroop R. Steinhaeuser, Karsten BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Motivating Complex Dependence Structures in Data Mining: A Case Study with Anomaly Detection in Climate SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press ID MODEL AB While data mining aims to identify hidden knowledge from massive and high dimensional datasets, the importance of dependence structure among time, space, and between different variables is less emphasized. Analogous to the use of probability density functions in modeling individual variables, it is now possible to characterize the complete dependence space mathematically through the application of copulas. By adopting copulas, the multivariate joint probability distribution can be constructed without constraint to specific types of marginal distributions. Some common assumptions, like normality and independence between variables, can also be relieved. This study provides fundamental introduction and illustration of dependence structure, aimed at the potential applicability of copulas in general data mining. The case study in hydro-climatic anomaly detection shows that the frequency of multivariate anomalies is affected by the dependence level between variables. The appropriate multivariate thresholds can be determined through a copula-based approach. C1 [Kao, Shih-Chieh; Ganguly, Auroop R.; Steinhaeuser, Karsten] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kao, SC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kaos@ornl.gov; gangulyar@ornl.gov; steinhaeuserkj@ornl.gov RI Kao, Shih-Chieh/B-9428-2012 OI Kao, Shih-Chieh/0000-0002-3207-5328 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.37 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100036 ER PT S AU Mattmann, CA Crichton, DJ Braverman, A Williams, D Gunson, M Woollard, D Kelly, S Cayanan, M AF Mattmann, Chris A. Crichton, Daniel J. Braverman, Amy Williams, Dean Gunson, Michael Woollard, David Kelly, Sean Cayanan, Michael BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI A Distributed Computing Infrastructure for the Evaluation of Climate Models using NASA Observational Data SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press AB We describe and motivate an emerging distributed data analysis environment for the empirical evaluation of climate models. This work has several components, including: model scoring, initialization and parameterization, all of which require massive amounts of NASA observational data. Though the effort is in its nascence, there has been recent success in partnering with the DOE Earth System Grid to unify data from NASA's AIRS mission and model outputs available from the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI). C1 [Mattmann, Chris A.; Crichton, Daniel J.; Braverman, Amy; Gunson, Michael; Woollard, David; Kelly, Sean; Cayanan, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Williams, Dean] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattmann, CA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM mattmann@ipl.nasa.gov; williams13@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.23 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100037 ER PT S AU Potter, K Wilson, A Bremer, PT Williams, D Doutriaux, C Pascucci, V Johnson, CR AF Potter, Kristin Wilson, Andrew Bremer, Peer-Timo Williams, Dean Doutriaux, Charles Pascucci, Valerio Johnson, Chris R. BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Ensemble-Vis: A Framework for the Statistical Visualization of Ensemble Data SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press DE Ensemble data; uncertainty; statistical graphics; coordinated and linked views ID UNCERTAINTY AB Scientists increasingly use ensemble data sets to explore relationships present in dynamic systems. Ensemble data sets combine spatio-temporal simulation results generated using multiple numerical models, sampled input conditions and perturbed parameters. While ensemble data sets are a powerful tool for mitigating uncertainty, they pose significant visualization and analysis challenges due to their complexity. In this article, we present Ensemble-Vis, a framework consisting of a collection of overview and statistical displays linked through a high level of interactivity. Ensemble-Vis allows scientists to gain key scientific insight into the distribution of simulation results as well as the uncertainty associated with the scientific data. In contrast to methods that present large amounts of diverse information in a single display, we argue that combining multiple linked displays yields a clearer presentation of the data and facilitates a greater level of visual data analysis. We demonstrate our framework using driving problems from climate modeling and meteorology and discuss generalizations to other fields. C1 [Potter, Kristin; Pascucci, Valerio; Johnson, Chris R.] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Wilson, Andrew] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bremer, Peer-Timo; Williams, Dean; Doutriaux, Charles] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Potter, K (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM kpotter@sci.utah.edu; atwilso@sandia.gov; bremer5@llnl.gov; williams13@llnl.gov; doutriaux1@llnl.gov; pascucci@sci.utah.edu; crj@sci.utah.edu FU DOE SciDAC Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies; NIH NCRR Center for Integrative Biomedical Computing [5P41RR012553-02]; UnitedStates Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was funded in part by the DOE SciDAC Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (www.vacet.org) and the NIH NCRR Center for Integrative Biomedical Computing (www.sci.utah.edu/cibc), NIH NCRRGrant No. 5P41RR012553-02.Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the UnitedStates Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 233 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.55 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100038 ER PT S AU Sargsyan, K Safta, C Debusschere, B Najm, H AF Sargsyan, Khachik Safta, Cosmin Debusschere, Bert Najm, Habib BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Uncertainty Quantification in the Presence of Limited Climate Model Data with Discontinuities SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press DE uncertainty quantification; climate models; polynomial chaos; discontinuity detection; Bayesian inference; Rosenblatt transformation ID OCEAN CIRCULATION AB Uncertainty quantification in climate models is challenged by the sparsity of the available climate data due to the high computational cost of the model runs. Another feature that prevents classical uncertainty analyses from being easily applicable is the bifurcative behavior in the climate data with respect to certain parameters. A typical example is the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Atlantic Ocean. The maximum overturning stream function exhibits discontinuity across a curve in the space of two uncertain parameters, namely climate sensitivity and CO2 forcing. We develop a methodology that performs uncertainty quantification in this context in the presence of limited data. C1 [Sargsyan, Khachik; Safta, Cosmin; Debusschere, Bert; Najm, Habib] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sargsyan, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ksargsy@sandia.gov; csafta@sandia.gov; bjdebus@sandia.gov; hnnajm@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.111 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100039 ER PT S AU Williams, DN Doutriaux, CM Drach, RS McCoy, RB AF Williams, Dean N. Doutriaux, Charles M. Drach, Robert S. McCoy, Renata B. BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI The Flexible Climate Data Analysis Tools (CDAT) for Multi-model Climate Simulation Data SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press AB Being able to incorporate, inspect, and analyze data with newly developed technologies, diagnostics, and visualizations in an easy and flexible way has been a longstanding challenge for scientists interested in understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic empirical assessment of multi-model climate output. To improve research ability and productivity, these technologies and tool must be made easily available to help scientists understand and solve complex scientific climate changes. To increase productivity and ease the challenges of incorporating new tools into the hands of scientists, the Program. for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) developed the Climate Data Analysis Tools (CDAT). CDAT is an application for developing and bringing together disparate software tools for the discovery, examination, and intercomparison of coupled multi-model climate data. By collaborating with top climate institutions, computational organizations, and other science communities, the CDAT community of developers is leading the way to provide proven data management, analysis, visualization, and diagnostics capabilities to scientists. This communitywide effort has developed CDAT into a powerful and insightful application for knowledge discovery of observed and simulation climate data. As an analysis engine in the Earth System Grid (ESG) data infrastructure, CDAT is making it possible to remotely access and analyze climate data located at multiple sites around the world. C1 [Williams, Dean N.; Doutriaux, Charles M.; Drach, Robert S.; McCoy, Renata B.] LLNL, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. RP Williams, DN (reprint author), LLNL, PCMDI, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA USA. EM williams13@llnl.gov; doutriaux1@llnl.gov; drach1@llnl.gov; mccoy20@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.64 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100041 ER PT S AU Acar, E Dunlavy, DM Kolda, TG AF Acar, Evrim Dunlavy, Daniel M. Kolda, Tamara G. BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Link Prediction on Evolving Data using Matrix and Tensor Factorizations SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press DE link mining; link prediction; evolution; tensor factorization; CANDECOMP; PARAFAC AB The data in many disciplines such as social networks, web analysis, etc. is link-based, and the link structure can be exploited for many different data mining tasks. In this paper, we consider the problem of temporal link prediction: Given link data for time periods l through T, can we predict the links in time period T+1? Specifically, we look at bipartite graphs changing over time and consider matrix- and tensor-based methods for predicting links. We present a weight-based method for collapsing multi-year data into a single matrix. We show how the well-known Katz method for link prediction can be extended to bipartite graphs and, moreover, approximated in a scalable way using a truncated singular value decomposition. Using a CANDECOMP/PARAFAC tensor decomposition of the data, we illustrate the usefulness of exploiting the natural three-dimensional structure of temporal link data. Through several numerical experiments, we demonstrate that both matrix- and tensor-based techniques are effective for temporal link prediction despite the inherent difficulty of the problem. C1 [Acar, Evrim; Kolda, Tamara G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Dunlavy, Daniel M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Acar, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM eacarat@sandia.gov; dmdunla@sandia.gov; tgkolda@sandia.gov RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009; OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493; Acar, Evrim/0000-0002-3737-292X FU Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD); United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security [DE-AC04-94AL85000.] FX This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 262 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.54 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100042 ER PT S AU Jun, G Vatsavai, RR Ghosh, J AF Jun, Goo Vatsavai, Ranga Raju Ghosh, Joydeep BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Spatially Adaptive Classification and Active Learning of Multispectral Data with Gaussian Processes SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press DE remote sensing; classification; Gaussian process; spatial statistics; active learning AB Multispectral remote sensing images are widely used for automated land use and land cover classification tasks. Remotely sensed images usually cover large geographical areas, and spectral characteristics of each class often varies over time and space. We apply a spatially adaptive classification scheme that models spatial variation with Gaussian processes, and apply uncertainty sampling based active learning algorithm to achieve better classification accuracies with a fewer number of samples. The spatially adaptive classifier shows better performances than the conventional maximum likelihood classifier in both passive and active learning settings, and the active learners achieves better classification accuracies than passive learners with fewer number of samples for both classification algorithms. C1 [Jun, Goo; Ghosh, Joydeep] Univ Texas Austin, Dept ECE, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Vatsavai, Ranga Raju] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, GIST CSE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Jun, G (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept ECE, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM gjun@mail.utexas.edu; vatsavairr@ornl.gov; ghosh@mail.utexas.edu RI Jun, Goo/M-5235-2016; Jun, Goo/F-1941-2017 OI Jun, Goo/0000-0003-0891-0204; Jun, Goo/0000-0003-0891-0204 FU LDRD from ORNL; NSF [IIS-0705815]; U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC05000R22725] FX We would like to thank Dr. Budhendra Bhaduri, Eddie Bright, Anil Cheriyadat, and Chris Symons of ORNL for giving inputs into this research. Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 378316285, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DEAC05000R22725. This research is supported by LDRD grant from ORNL. This research is also partly supported by NSF Grant IIS-0705815. We would like to thank our collaborators G. Bethel, R. Tetrault of USDA, S. Johnson of Global Marketing Insights, and B. Doorn of NASA for guidance and research inputs which have greatly helped us in shaping this research. AWiFS data for this research was kindly provided by the USDA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 597 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.107 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100096 ER PT S AU Bank, JN Omitaomu, OA Fernandez, SJ Liu, YL AF Bank, Jason N. Omitaomu, Olufemi A. Fernandez, Steven J. Liu, Yilu BE Saygin, Y Yu, JX Kargupta, H Wang, W Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Visualization and Classification of Power System Frequency Data Streams SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING WORKSHOPS (ICDMW 2009) SE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press DE Classification; visualization; smart grid; power systems; spatial devices; high-speed data streams AB Two challenges in the realization of the smart grid technology are the ability to visualize the deluge of expected data streams for global situational awareness; as well as the ability to detect disruptive and classify such events from spatially-distributed high-speed power system frequency measurements. This paper presents an interactive visualization model for high speed power system frequency data streams that displays both local and global views of the data streams for decision making process. It also presents a K-Median approach for clustering and identifying disruptive events in spatially-distributed data streams. The results from experimental evaluation on a variety of datasets show that K-Median achieve better performance and empowers analysts with the ability to make sense of a deluge of frequency measurements in a real-time situation. C1 [Bank, Jason N.; Omitaomu, Olufemi A.; Fernandez, Steven J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bank, Jason N.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Liu, Yilu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Omitaomu, OA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jbank@vt.edu; omitaomuoa@ornl.gov; fernandezsj@ornl.gov; liu@utk.edu FU UT-Battelle, LLC; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This manuscript is authored by employees of UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-9232 BN 978-1-4244-5384-9 J9 INT CONF DAT MIN WOR PY 2009 BP 650 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDMW.2009.104 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUS95 UT WOS:000290247100104 ER PT B AU Chard, K Tan, W Boverhof, J Madduri, R Foster, I AF Chard, Kyle Tan, Wei Boverhof, Joshua Madduri, Ravi Foster, Ian BE Damiani, E Zhang, J Chang, R TI Wrap Scientific Applications as WSRE Grid Services using gRAVI SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB SERVICES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS 2009) CY JUL 06-10, 2009 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCSC DE Web/Grid service generation; WSRF; legacy application wrapping AB Web service models are increasingly being used in the Grid community as way to create distributed applications exposing data and/or applications through self describing interfaces. Scientific research is one key field in which the benefits are apparent as individual services can be orchestrated into experimental workflows that model the research process and facilitate verification and extension. However, many applications are not web enabled and the task of creating services from scratch is cumbersome in part due to the range of complex technologies, tools, standards and languages involved. In this paper we present gRAVI, a WSRF Web service wrapping tool that allows scientists to rapidly expose applications, scripts and workflows as Web services. gRAVI generated services include GSI security, Grid scheduling, state notifications, persistence and data staging. All service code, scripts and definition files are created automatically without any developer input. gRAVI services are created in standard Grid Archive files and are able to be moved and deployed to any compliant container with no requirement for any gRAVI or Grid infrastructure on the target machine. gRAVI supports deployment to the open science cloud Nimbus, whilst also being able to parse Taverna workflow definition riles to create strongly typed services. C1 [Chard, Kyle] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Tan, Wei; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Boverhof, Joshua] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Res Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Madduri, Ravi] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. RP Chard, K (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. EM kyle@mcs.vuw.ac.nz; wtan@mcs.anl.gov; jrboverhof@lbl.gov; madduri@mcs.anl.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov RI Tan, Wei/A-8144-2009 FU UChicago Argonne, LLC; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX All authors acknowledge support by UChicago Argonne, LLC, as Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4929-3 PY 2009 BP 83 EP + DI 10.1109/ICWS.2009.110 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BMP31 UT WOS:000273268500011 ER PT B AU Tan, W Chard, K Sulakhe, D Madduri, R Foster, I Soiland-Reyes, S Goble, C AF Tan, Wei Chard, Kyle Sulakhe, Dinanath Madduri, Ravi Foster, Ian Soiland-Reyes, Stian Goble, Carole BE Damiani, E Zhang, J Chang, R TI Scientific workflows as services in caGrid: a Taverna and gRAVI approach SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB SERVICES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS 2009) CY JUL 06-10, 2009 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB In scientific collaboration platforms such as caGrid, workflow-as-a-service is a useful concept for various reasons, such as easy reuse of workflows, access to remote resources, security concerns, and improved execution performance. We propose a solution for facilitating workflow-as-a-service based on Taverna as the workflow engine and gRAVI as a service wrapping tool. We provide both a generic service to execute all Taverna workflows, and an easy-to-use tool (gRAVI-t) for users to wrap their workflows as workflow-specific services, without developing service code. The signature of the specific service is identical to the corresponding workflow's input/output definition and is therefore more self-explained to workflow users. These two categories of services are useful in different scenarios, respectively. We use a tumor analysis workflow as an example to demonstrate how the workflow-as-a-service approach benefits the execution performance. Finally a conclusion is drawn and future research opportunities are discussed. C1 [Tan, Wei; Sulakhe, Dinanath; Madduri, Ravi; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chard, Kyle] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Math Stat & Comp sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Soiland-Reyes, Stian; Goble, Carole] Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Tan, Wei; Sulakhe, Dinanath; Madduri, Ravi; Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Tan, W (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM wtan@mcs.anl.gov; kyle@mcs.vuw.ac.nz; sulakhe@mcs.anl.gov; madduri@mcs.anl.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov; soiland-reyes@cs.manchester.ac.uk; carole.goble@manchester.ac.uk RI Soiland-Reyes, Stian/I-3743-2013; Tan, Wei/A-8144-2009; OI Soiland-Reyes, Stian/0000-0001-9842-9718; Goble, Carole/0000-0003-1219-2137 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [N01-CO-12400] FX This project has been funded with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. N01-CO-12400. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4929-3 PY 2009 BP 413 EP + DI 10.1109/ICWS.2009.19 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BMP31 UT WOS:000273268500052 ER PT B AU Lee, ST Burress, TA Tolbert, LM AF Lee, Seong Taek Burress, Timothy A. Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI Power-Factor and Torque Calculation with Consideration of Cross Saturation of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Brushless Field Excitation SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRIC MACHINES & DRIVES CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC 2009) CY MAY 03-06, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, IEEE Miami Sect, ABB, MagneForce Software Syst, Ansoft, LLC, Infolytica Corp, POWERSYS, Bakker Magnet, MotorSolver, Magsoft Corp, Cobham Tech Services, Vector Fields Software, Elect Concepts, Tera Anal Ltd, Discovery Technol Int, Copper Dev Assoc, Florida Int Univ, Inst Engn & Technol ID SENSORLESS CONTROL; MACHINE AB This paper introduces a new method for calculating the power factor and output torque by considering the cross saturation between direct-axis (d-axis) and quadrature-axis (q-axis) of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The conventional two-axis IPMSM model is modified to include the cross saturation effect by adding the cross-coupled inductance terms. This paper also contains the new method of calculating the cross-coupled inductance values as well as self-inductance values in d- and q-axes. The analyzed motor is a high-speed brushless field excitation machine that offers high torque per ampere per core length at low speed and weakened flux at high speed, which was developed for the traction motor of a hybrid electric vehicle. C1 [Lee, Seong Taek; Burress, Timothy A.; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4251-5 PY 2009 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1109/IEMDC.2009.5075224 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BMZ55 UT WOS:000273989600050 ER PT B AU Phillips, SD Sutton, AK Appaswamy, A Bellini, M Cressler, JD Grillo, A Vizkelethy, G Dodd, P McCurdy, M Reed, R Marshall, P AF Phillips, Stanley D. Sutton, Akil K. Appaswamy, Aravind Bellini, Marco Cressler, John D. Grillo, Alex Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Dodd, Paul McCurdy, Mike Reed, Robert Marshall, Paul GP IEEE TI Impact of Deep Trench Isolation on Advanced SiGe HBT Reliability in Radiation Environments SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 26-30, 2009 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE Deep Trench Isolation; SEU; SEE; Total Ionizing Dose; Silicon-Germanium Technology; SiGe; HBT ID INDUCED CHARGE COLLECTION; RHBD TECHNIQUES; LOGIC-CIRCUITS; DIGITAL LOGIC; ION TRACKS; SIMULATION; MICROPROBE; DEVICES; SEE AB We investigate, for the first time, the impact of deep trench isolation on the total ionizing dose (TID) and single event upset (SEU) tolerance of advanced SiGe HBTs. We employ a combination of 63MeV protons, 10keV X-rays, and 36MeV oxygen ion microbeam irradiation and compare a 3rd generation, high-performance (HP), deep-trench isolated, SiGe BiCMOS platform with its cost-performance (CP) variant without deep-trenches. Although the CP SiGe HBTs are shown to be more susceptible to TID damage, the elevated damage is not attributed to variations in deep trench isolation (DTI), but to spacer oxide differences. CP SiGe RBTs are surprisingly found to offer a potential built-in self-mitigation mechanism for SEU, which is a direct result of the influence of the deep trench isolation on the charge collection dynamics associated with ion strikes. Calibrated, full 3D ion strike TCAD simulations are employed to explain the results, revealing substantial enhancement of radial charge diffusion for structures implemented with little to no deep trench. Mitigation of charge collection events are found to occur for emitter-center strikes for devices with limited/eliminated DTI with the caveat of larger collection for outside-DTI ion strikes. C1 [Phillips, Stanley D.; Sutton, Akil K.; Appaswamy, Aravind; Bellini, Marco; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Grillo, Alex] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Vizkelethy, Gyorgy; Dodd, Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [McCurdy, Mike; Reed, Robert] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Marshall, Paul] Consultant NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Phillips, SD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM stan.phillips@gatech.edu FU Department of Energy; AFOSR MURI; NASA; DTRA; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, an AFOSR MURI, NASA, DTRA, and Sandia National Labs, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2888-5 PY 2009 BP 157 EP + DI 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173244 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMF10 UT WOS:000272068100027 ER PT B AU Horn, KM AF Horn, Kevin M. GP IEEE TI LASER MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING AGE-RELATED DEGRADATION OF DEVICE RADIATION RESPONSE SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 26-30, 2009 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE Electronics Aging; Radiation Response; Laser Testing ID SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; SIMULATION; MICROSCOPY; CIRCUITS; SILICON AB The potential for aging effects in silicon electronics is a concern for systems with prolonged service lives that contain electronics that must function in extreme radiation environments. A set of laser-based diagnostic techniques is described that is used to provide ongoing awareness of changes in the radiation response of aging discrete and integrated circuits. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Horn, KM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kmhorn@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2888-5 PY 2009 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173350 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMF10 UT WOS:000272068100130 ER PT B AU Dominik, L Normand, E Dion, MJ Ferguson, P AF Dominik, Laura Normand, Eugene Dion, Michael J. Ferguson, Phillip GP IEEE TI Proposal for a New Integrated Circuit and Electronics Neutron Experiment Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 26-30, 2009 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE NSEU; SEE; SER; Upset; Oak Ridge AB Government and customer specifications increasingly require assessments of the single event effects probability in electronics from atmospheric neutrons. The accelerator that best simulates this neutron spectrum is the WNR facility (Los Alamos), but it is underfunded and oversubscribed for present and future needs. A new beam-line is proposed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, as part of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). C1 [Dominik, Laura] Honeywell Inc, Aerosp, Minneapolis, MN 55408 USA. [Normand, Eugene] Boeing Res & Technol EN Associates, Appl Phys, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Dion, Michael J.] Rockwell Collins Inc, Commercial Syst Reliabil, Maintainability & Safety Engn, Melbourne, FL 32902 USA. [Ferguson, Phillip] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Source Dev Grp, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dominik, L (reprint author), Honeywell Inc, Aerosp, Minneapolis, MN 55408 USA. EM Laura.Dominik@Honeywell.com OI Ferguson, Phillip/0000-0002-7661-4223 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2888-5 PY 2009 BP 940 EP + DI 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173385 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMF10 UT WOS:000272068100165 ER PT B AU Wen, Q Chang, H Parvin, B AF Wen, Quan Chang, Hang Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI A DELAUNAY TRIANGULATION APPROACH FOR SEGMENTING CLUMPS OF NUCLEI SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Internaional Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - From Nano to Macro CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE nuclear segmentation; Delaunay triangulation; geometric grouping ID SEGMENTATION AB Cell-based fluorescence imaging assays have the potential to generate massive amount of data, which requires detailed quantitative analysis. Often, as a result of fixation, labeled nuclei overlap and create a clump of cells. However, it is important to quantify phenotypic read out on a cell-by-cell basis. In this paper, we propose a novel method for decomposing clumps of nuclei using high-level geometric constraints that are derived from low-level features of maximum curvature computed along the contour of each clump. Points of maximum curvature are used as vertices for Delaunay triangulation (DT), which provides a set of edge hypotheses for decomposing a clump of nuclei. Each hypothesis is subsequently tested against a constraint satisfaction network fora near optimum decomposition, The proposed method is compared with other traditional techniques such as the watershed method with/without markers. The experimental results show, that our approach can overcome the deficiencies of die traditional methods and is very effective in separating severely touching nuclei. C1 [Wen, Quan; Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3931-7 PY 2009 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5192970 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLO57 UT WOS:000270678400003 ER PT B AU Chartrand, R AF Chartrand, Rick GP IEEE TI FAST ALGORITHMS FOR NONCONVEX COMPRESSIVE SENSING: MRI RECONSTRUCTION FROM VERY FEW DATA SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Internaional Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - From Nano to Macro CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE Magnetic resonance imaging; image reconstruction; compressive sensing; nonconvex optimization ID RESTORATION AB Compressive sensing is the reconstruction of sparse images or signals from very few samples, by means of solving a tractable optimization problem. In the context of MRI, this can allow reconstruction from many fewer k-space samples, thereby reducing scanning time. Previous work has shown that nonconvex optimization reduces still further the number of samples required for reconstruction, while still being tractable. In this work, we extend recent Fourier-based algorithms for convex optimization to the nonconvex setting, and obtain methods that combine the reconstruction abilities of previous nonconvex approaches with the computational speed of state-of-the-art convex methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chartrand, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Chartrand, Rick/0000-0003-3256-2238 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3931-7 PY 2009 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193034 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLO57 UT WOS:000270678400066 ER PT B AU Cao, NN Huesman, RH Moses, WW Qi, JY AF Cao, Nannan Huesman, Ronald H. Moses, William W. Qi, Jinyi GP IEEE TI DETECTION PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PET SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - From Nano to Macro CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE TOF-PET; ROC; LROC; lesion detection; Channelized Hotelling observer ID MAP RECONSTRUCTION; OBSERVER AB In this paper, we investigate the performance of time-of-flight (TOF) PET in improving lesion detectability. We present a theoretical approach to compare lesion detectability of TOF versus non-TOF systems. Computer simulations are performed to validate the theoretical predictions. A TOF PET tomograph is simulated using the SimSET software. Images are reconstructed from list-mode data using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) method. We use a channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) to assess the detection performance. Both the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and localization ROC (LROC) curves are compared for the TOF and non-TOF PET systems. We also study the SNR gains for TOF PET with different scatter and random fractions. Simulation results match with the theoretical predictions very well. Both results show that the TOF information improves lesion detectability and the improvement is greater with larger fractions of randoms and scatters. C1 [Cao, Nannan; Qi, Jinyi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huesman, Ronald H.; Moses, William W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cao, NN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 FU Office of Science; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [R01-EB006085] FX This work is supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and in part by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering under grant number R01-EB006085. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3931-7 PY 2009 BP 402 EP + DI 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193069 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLO57 UT WOS:000270678400101 ER PT B AU Zhou, JH Chang, S Zhang, ST Pappas, G Michaelides, M Delis, F Volkow, N Thanos, P Metaxas, D AF Zhou, Jinghao Chang, Sukmoon Zhang, Shaoting Pappas, George Michaelides, Michael Delis, Foteini Volkow, Nora Thanos, Panayotis Metaxas, Dimitris GP IEEE TI SEGMENTATION OF RODENT BRAINS FROM MRI BASED ON A NOVEL STATISTICAL STRUCTURE PREDICTION METHOD SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - From Nano to Macro CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE Biomedical image processing; Image segmentation; Learning systems; Robust active shape model ID SHAPE; IMAGES; MODELS AB Functional segmentation of brain images is important in understating the relationships between anatomy and mental diseases in brains. Volumetric analysis of various brain structures such as the cerebellum plays a critical role in studying the structural changes in brain regions as a function of development, trauma, or neurodegeneration. Although various segmentation methods in clinical studies have been proposed, most of them require a priori knowledge about the locations of the structures of interest, preventing the fully automatic segmentation. In this paper, we present a novel method for detecting and locating the brain structures of interest that can be used for the fully automatic functional segmentation of 2D rodent brain MR images. The presented method focuses on detecting the topological changes of brain structures based on a novel area ratio criteria. The mean successful rate of the detection method shows 89.4% accuracy compared to the expert-identified ground truth. C1 [Zhou, Jinghao] UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Zhou, Jinghao; Chang, Sukmoon; Zhang, Shaoting; Metaxas, Dimitris] Rutgers State Univ, CBIM, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Chang, Sukmoon] Penn State Univ, Comp Sci Capital Coll, Middletown, PA USA. [Pappas, George; Michaelides, Michael; Delis, Foteini; Volkow, Nora; Thanos, Panayotis] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhou, JH (reprint author), UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Canc Inst New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3931-7 PY 2009 BP 498 EP + DI 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193093 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLO57 UT WOS:000270678400125 ER PT B AU Han, J Chang, H Fontenay, G Wang, NJ Gray, JW Parvin, B AF Han, Ju Chang, Hang Fontenay, Gerald Wang, Nicholas J. Gray, Joe W. Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI MORPHOMETRIC SUBTYPING FOR A PANEL OF BREAST CANCER CELL LINES SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Internaional Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - From Nano to Macro CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE ID LOCALIZATION AB A panel of cell lines of diverse molecular background offers an improved model system for high-content screening, comparative analysis, and cell systems biology. A computational pipeline has been developed to collect images from cell-based assays, segment individual cells and colonies, represent segmented objects in a multidimensional space, and cluster them for identifying distinct subpopulations. While each segmentation strategy can vary for different imaging assays, representation and subpopulation analysis share a common thread. Application of this pipeline to a library of 41 breast cancer cell lines is demonstrated. These cell lines are grown in 2D and imaged through immunofluorescence microscopy. Subpopulations in this panel are identified and shown to correlate with previous subtyping literature that was derived from transcript data. C1 [Han, Ju; Chang, Hang; Fontenay, Gerald; Wang, Nicholas J.; Gray, Joe W.; Parvin, Bahram] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3931-7 PY 2009 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193168 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLO57 UT WOS:000270678400200 ER PT B AU Chang, H Auer, M Parvin, B AF Chang, Hang Auer, Manfred Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI STRUCTURAL ANNOTATION OF EM IMAGES BY GRAPH CUT SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Internaional Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - From Nano to Macro CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE Interactive learning; Active Contour; Graph Cut; Texture; Segmentation; Electron Microscopy AB Biological images have the potential to reveal complex signatures that may not be amenable to morphological modeling in terms of shape, location, texture, and color. An effective analytical method is to characterize the composition of a specimen based on user-defined patterns of texture and contrast formation. However, such a simple requirement demands an improved model for stability and robustness. Here, an interactive computational model is introduced for learning patterns of interest by example. The learned patterns bound an active contour model in which the traditional gradient descent optimization is replaced by the more efficient optimization of the graph cut methods. First, the energy function is defined according to the curve evolution. Next, a graph is constructed with,weighted edges on the energy function and is optimized with the graph cut algorithm. As a result, the method combines the advantages of the level set method and graph cut algorithm, i.e., "topological" invariance and computational efficiency. The technique is extended to the multi-phase segmentation problem; the method is validated on synthetic images and then applied to specimens imaged by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). C1 [Chang, Hang; Auer, Manfred; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hchang@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3931-7 PY 2009 BP 1103 EP 1106 DI 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLO57 UT WOS:000270678400281 ER PT B AU Loss, LA Bebis, G Parvin, B AF Loss, Leandro A. Bebis, George Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI TUNABLE TENSOR VOTING FOR REGULARIZING PUNCTATE PATTERNS OF MEMBRANE-BOUND PROTEIN SIGNALS SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging - From Nano to Macro CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE Perceptual grouping; membrane-bound; protein; segmentation AB Membrane-bound protein, expressed in the basal-lateral region, is heterogeneous and an important endpoint for understanding biological processes. At the optical resolution, membrane-bound protein can be visualized as being diffused (e.g., E-cadherin), punctate (e.g., connexin), or simultaneously diffused and punctate as a result of sample preparation or conditioning. Furthermore, there is a significant amount of heterogeneity as a result of technical and biological variations. This paper aims at enhancing membrane-bound proteins that are expressed between epithelial cells so that quantitative analysis can be enabled on a cell-by-cell basis. We propose a method to detect and enhance membrane-bound protein signal from noisy images. More precisely, we build upon the tensor voting framework in order to produce an efficient method to detect and refine perceptually interesting linear structures in images. The novelty of the proposed method is in its iterative tuning of the tensor voting fields, which allows the concentration of the votes only over areas of interest. The method is shown to produce high quality enhancements of membrane-bound protein signals with combined punctate and diffused characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate the benefits of using tunable tensor voting for enhancing and differentiating cell-cell adhesion mediated by integral cell membrane protein. C1 [Loss, Leandro A.; Parvin, Bahram] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bebis, George] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Loss, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institute of Health [DE-AC02-05CH1131]; University of California FX Research was partially supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and National Institute of Health under contract number DE-AC02-05CH1131 with the University of California. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3931-7 PY 2009 BP 1378 EP + DI 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193322 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLO57 UT WOS:000270678400352 ER PT B AU Chilappagari, SK Vasic, B Stepanov, M Chertkov, M AF Chilappagari, Shashi Kiran Vasic, Bane Stepanov, Mikhail Chertkov, Michael GP IEEE TI Analysis of Error Floors of LDPC Codes under LP Decoding over the BSC SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOLS 1- 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2009) CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID PARITY-CHECK CODES AB consider Linear Programming (LP) decoding of a fixed Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code over the Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC). The LP decoder fails when it outputs a pseudo-codeword which is not a codeword. We propose an efficient algorithm termed the Instanton Search Algorithm (ISA) which, given a random input, generates a set of flips called the BSC-instanton and prove that: (a) the LP decoder fails for any set of flips with support vector including an instanton; (b) for any input, the algorithm outputs an instanton in the number of steps upper-bounded by twice the number of flips in the input. We obtain the number of unique instantons of different sizes by running the ISA sufficient number of times. We then use the instanton statistics to predict the performance of the LP decoding over the BSC in the error floor region. We also propose an efficient semi-analytical method to predict the performance of LP decoding over a large range of transition probabilities of the BSC. C1 [Chilappagari, Shashi Kiran; Vasic, Bane] Univ Arizona, Dept ECE, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stepanov, Mikhail] Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chilappagari, SK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept ECE, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM shashic@ece.arizona.edu; vasic@ece.arizona.edu; stepanov@math.arizona.edu; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NSF [CCF-0634969, ECCS-0725405, DMS-0807592] FX Part of the work by S. K. Chilappagari was performed when he was a summer GRA at LANL. The work at LANL, by S. K. Chilappagari and M. Chertkov, was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. B. Vasic and S. K. Chilappagari would like to acknowledge the financial support of the NSF (Grants CCF-0634969 and ECCS-0725405) and Seagate Technology. M. Stepanov would like to acknowledge the support of NSF grant DMS-0807592. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4312-3 PY 2009 BP 379 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2009.5205739 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BPW21 UT WOS:000280141400078 ER PT B AU Johnson, JK Bickson, D Dolev, D AF Johnson, Jason K. Bickson, Danny Dolev, Danny GP IEEE TI Fixing Convergence of Gaussian Belief Propagation SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOLS 1- 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2009) CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Gaussian belief propagation (GaBP) is an iterative message-passing algorithm for inference in Gaussian graphical models. It is known that when GaBP converges it converges to the correct MAP estimate of the Gaussian random vector and simple sufficient conditions for its convergence have been established. In this paper we develop a double-loop algorithm for forcing convergence of GaBP. Our method computes the correct MAP estimate even in cases where standard GaBP would not have converged. We further extend this construction to compute least-squares solutions of over-constrained linear systems. We believe that our construction has numerous applications, since the GaBP algorithm is linked to solution of linear systems of equations, which is a fundamental problem in computer science and engineering. As a case study, we discuss the linear detection problem. We show that using our new construction, we are able to force convergence of Montanari's linear detection algorithm, in cases where it would originally fail. As a consequence, we are able to increase significantly the number of users that can transmit concurrently. C1 [Johnson, Jason K.] Ctr Nonlinear Studies T4, Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bickson, Danny] IBM Corp, Haifa Res Lab, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Dolev, Danny] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Johnson, JK (reprint author), Ctr Nonlinear Studies T4, Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jasonj@lanl.gov; dannybi@il.ibm.com; dolev@cs.huji.ac.il FU Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) [0397373] FX Danny Dolev is Incumbent of the Berthold Badler Chair in Computer Science. Danny Dolev was supported in part by the Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) Grant number 0397373. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4312-3 PY 2009 BP 1674 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2009.5205777 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BPW21 UT WOS:000280141401047 ER PT B AU Li, JT Deshpande, A Srinivasan, J Ma, XS AF Li, Jiangtian Deshpande, Amey Srinivasan, Jagan Ma, Xiaosong BE Bradley, JT Conrad, JM Field, AJ Harder, U Knottenbelt, WJ Riley, GF TI Energy and Performance Impact of Aggressive Volunteer Computing with Multi-core Computers SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING, ANALYSIS & SIMULATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (MASCOTS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems CY SEP 21-23, 2009 CL Imperial Coll London, S Kensington Campus, London, ENGLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc HO Imperial Coll London, S Kensington Campus DE Volunteer Computing; Energy-efficient; Performance Impact; Multi-core AB The rapid advances in multi-core architecture and the predicted emergence of 100-core personal computers bring new appeal to volunteer computing. The availability of massive compute power under-utilized by personal computing tasks is a blessing to volunteer computing customers. Meanwhile the reduced performance impact of running a foreign workload, thanks to the increased hardware parallelism, makes volunteering resources more acceptable to PC owners. In addition, we suspect that with aggressive volunteer computing, which assigns foreign tasks to active computers (as opposed to idle ones in the common practice), we can obtain significant energy savings. In this paper, we assess the efficacy of such aggressive volunteer computing model by evaluating the energy saving and performance impact of co-executing resource-intensive foreign workloads with native personal computing tasks. Our results from executing 30 native-foreign workload combinations suggest that aggressive volunteer computing can achieve an average energy saving of around 52% compared to running the foreign workloads on high-end cluster nodes, and around 33% compared to using the traditional, more conservative volunteer computing model. We have also observed highly varied performance interference behavior between the workloads, and evaluated the effectiveness of foreign workload intensity throttling. C1 [Li, Jiangtian] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Deshpande, Amey; Srinivasan, Jagan; Ma, Xiaosong] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Ma, Xiaosong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, JT (reprint author), Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM jiangtli@microsoft.com; asdeshp2@ncsu.edu; jsriniv@ncsu.edu; ma@csc.ncsu.edu FU DOE ECPI [DEFG0205ER25685]; NSF CAREER [0CNS-0546301]; Xiaosong Mas FX We sincerely appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We also thank Tyler Bletsch for his help with the experiment setup. The research at NCSU was sponsored in part by a DOE ECPI Award (DEFG0205ER25685),an NSF CAREER Award (CNS-0546301),and Xiaosong Mas joint appointment between NCSU and ORNL. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4926-2 PY 2009 BP 421 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNO68 UT WOS:000275140200041 ER PT S AU Nomura, K Seymour, R Wang, WQ Dursun, H Kalia, RK Nakano, A Vashishta, P Shimojo, F Yang, LH AF Nomura, Ken-ichi Seymour, Richard Wang, Weiqiang Dursun, Hikmet Kalia, Rajiv K. Nakano, Aiichiro Vashishta, Priya Shimojo, Fuyuki Yang, Lin H. GP IEEE TI A Metascalable Computing Framework for Large Spatiotemporal-Scale Atomistic Simulations SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID MULTIRESOLUTION MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; PARALLEL COMPUTERS; ALGORITHM; SPACE; PERFORMANCE AB A metascalable (or "design once, scale on new architectures") parallel computing framework has been developed for large spatiotemporal-scale atomistic simulations of materials based on spatiotemporal data locality, principles, which is expected to scale on emerging multipetaflops architectures. The framework consists of: (1) an embedded divide-and-conquer (EDC) algorithmic framework-based on spatial locality to design linear-scaling algorithms for high complexity problems; (2) a space-time-ensemble parallel (STEP) approach based on temporal locality to predict longtime dynamics, while introducing multiple parallelization axes; and (3) a tunable hierarchical cellular decomposition (HCD) parallelization framework to map these O(N) algorithms onto a multicore cluster based on hybrid implementation combining message passing and critical section-free multithreading. The EDC-STEP-HCD framework exposes maximal concurrency and data locality, thereby achieving: (1) inter-node parallel efficiency well over 0.95 for 218 billion-atom molecular-dynamics and 1.68 trillion electronic-degrees-of-freedom quantum-mechanical simulations on 212,992 IBM BlueGene/L processors (superscalability); (2) high intra-node, multithreading parallel efficiency (nanoscalability); and (3) nearby perfect time/ensemble parallel efficiency (eon-scalability). The spatiotemporal scale covered by MD simulation on a sustained petaflops computer per day (i.e. petaflops.day of computing) is estimated as NT = 2.14 (e.g. N = 2.14 million atoms for T = 1 microseconds). C1 [Nomura, Ken-ichi; Seymour, Richard; Wang, Weiqiang; Dursun, Hikmet; Kalia, Rajiv K.; Nakano, Aiichiro; Vashishta, Priya] Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Shimojo, Fuyuki] Kumamoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. [Yang, Lin H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys H Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nomura, K (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM knomura@usc.edu; rseymour@usc.edu; wangweiq@usc.edu; hdursun@usc.edu; rkalia@usc.edu; anakana@usc.edu; priyav@usc.edu; shimojo@kumamoto-u.ac.jp; lyang@llnl.gov RI wang, Weiqiang/E-6026-2010 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 119 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600011 ER PT S AU Yu, WK Drokin, O Vetter, JS AF Yu, Weikuan Drokin, Oleg Vetter, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Transparent pNFS on Lustre SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE pNFS; Lustre; NFSv4 AB Parallel NFS (pNFS) is an emergent open standard for parallelizing data transfer over a variety of I/O protocols. Prototypes of pNFS are actively being developed by industry and academia to examine its viability and possible enhancements. In this paper we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of IpNFS, a Lustre-based parallel NFS. We achieve our primary objective in designing lpNFS as an enabling technology for transparent pNFS accesses to an opaque Lustre file system. We optimize the data flow paths in lpNFS by using two techniques: (a) fast memory coping for small messages, and (b) page sharing for zero-cop), bulk data transfer Our initial peformance evaluation shows that the performance of IpNFS is comparable to that of original Lustre. Given these results, we assert that lpNFS is a promising approach to combining the benefits of pNFS and Lustre, and it exposes the underlying capabilities of Lustre file systems while transparently supporting pNFS clients. C1 [Yu, Weikuan; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Drokin, Oleg] Sun Microsyst Inc, Stanford, CA USA. RP Yu, WK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wyu@ornl.gov; Oleg.Drokin@Sun.com; vetter@ornl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 129 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600012 ER PT S AU Bronevetsky, G Marques, D Pingali, K McKee, S Rugina, R AF Bronevetsky, Greg Marques, Daniel Pingali, Keshav McKee, Sally Rugina, Radu GP IEEE TI Compiler-Enhanced Incremental Checkpointing for OpenMP Applications SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB As modern supercomputing systems reach the peta-flop performance range, they grow in both size and complexity. This makes them increasingly vulnerable to failures from a variety of causes. Checkpointing is a popular technique for tolerating such failures, enabling applications to periodically save their state and restart computation after a failure. Although a many automated system-level checkpointing solutions are currently available to HPC users, manual application-level checkpointing remains more popular due to its superior performance. This paper improves performance of automated checkpointing via a compiler analysis for incremental checkpointing. This analysis, which works with both sequential and OpenMP applications, reduces checkpoint sizes by as much as 80% and enables asynchronous checkpointing. C1 [Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Marques, Daniel] Ballista Secur, New York, NY 10005 USA. [Pingali, Keshav] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McKee, Sally] Chalmers, S-41258 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Rugina, Radu] VMWare, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Bronevetsky, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM greg@bronevetsky.com; marques77@gmail.com; pingali@cs.utexas.edu; mckee@chalmers.se; radu.rugina@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 189 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600018 ER PT S AU Mercier, G Trahay, F Brunet, E Buntinas, D AF Mercier, Guillaume Trahay, Francois Brunet, Elisabeth Buntinas, Darius GP IEEE TI NewMadeleine: An Efficient Support for High-Performance Networks in MPICH2 SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID COMMUNICATION AB This paper describes how the NewMadeleine communication library has been integrated within the MPICH2 MPI implementation and the benefits brought. NewMadeleine is integrated as a Nemesis network module but the upper layers and in particular the CH3 layer has been modified. By, doing so, we allow NewMadeleine to fully deliver its performance to an MPI application. NewMadeleine features sophisticated strategies for sending messages and natively supports multirail network configurations, even heterogeneous ones. It also uses a software element called PIOMan that uses multithreading in order to enhance reactivity and create more efficient progress engines. We show various recreate sults that prove that NcwMadeleine is indeed well suited as a low-level communication library for building MPI implementations. C1 [Mercier, Guillaume; Trahay, Francois; Brunet, Elisabeth] Bordeaux Univ, LaBRI, INRIA, F-33405 Talence, France. [Buntinas, Darius] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mercier, G (reprint author), Bordeaux Univ, LaBRI, INRIA, F-33405 Talence, France. EM mercier@labri.fr; trahay@labri.fr; brunet@labri.fr; buntinas@mcs.anl.gov FU Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; ACI FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information,and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the ACI GRID. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 234 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600022 ER PT S AU Hartono, A Norris, B Sadayappan, P AF Hartono, Albert Norris, Boyana Sadayappan, P. GP IEEE TI Annotation-Based Empirical Performance Tuning Using Orio SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID SOFTWARE; LIBRARY; SET AB For many scientific applications, significant time is spent in tuning codes for a particular high-performance architecture. Tuning approaches range from the relatively nonintrusive (e.g., by using compiler options) to extensive code modifications that attempt to exploit specific architecture features. Intrusive techniques often result in code changes that are not easily reversible, and can negatively impact readability, maintainability, and performance on different architectures. We introduce an extensible annotation-based empirical tuning system called Orio that is aimed at improving both performance and productivity. It allows software developers to insert annotations in the form of structured comments into their source code to trigger a number of low-level performance optimizations on a specified code fragment. To maximize the performance tuning opportunities, the annotation processing infrastructure is designed to support both architecture-independent and architecture-specific code optimizations. Given the annotated code as input, Orio generates many tuned versions of the same operation and empirically evaluates the alternatives to select the best performing version for production use. We have also enabled the use of the Pluto automatic parallelization tool in conjunction with Orio to generate efficient OpenMP-based parallel code. We describe our experimental results involving a number of computational kernels, including dense array and sparse matrix operations. C1 [Hartono, Albert; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Norris, Boyana] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hartono, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hartonoa@cse.ohio-state.edu; norris@mcs.anl.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [0403342, 0509467, 0811781]; State of Ohio Development Fund FX The authors would like to thank Uday Bondhugula of IBM Research for many productive discussions and his valuable help with Pluto. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, the National Science Foundation through awards 0403342,0509467, and 0811781, and a State of Ohio Development Fund. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 246 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600023 ER PT S AU Van Straalen, B Shalf, J Ligocki, T Keen, N Yang, WS AF Van Straalen, Brian Shalf, John Ligocki, Terry Keen, Noel Yang, Woo-Sun GP IEEE TI Scalability Challenges for Massively Parallel AMR Applications SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT AB PDE solvers using Adaptive Mesh Refinement on block structured grids are some of the most challenging applications to adapt to massively parallel computing environments. We describe optimizations to the Chombo AMR framework that enable it to scale efficiently to thousands of processors on the Cray XT4. The optimization process also uncovered OS-related performance variations that were not explained by conventional OS interference benchmarks. Ultimately the variability was traced back to complex interactions between the application, system software, and the memory hierarchy. Once identified, software modifications to control the variability improved performance by 20% and decreased the variation in computation time across processors by a factor of 3. These newly identified sources of variation will impact many applications and suggest new benchmarks for OS-services be developed. C1 [Van Straalen, Brian; Ligocki, Terry; Keen, Noel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ANAG, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shalf, John; Keen, Noel; Yang, Woo-Sun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Van Straalen, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ANAG, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research in the Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We would like to individually thank: Patrick Worley for access to Jaguar via the PEAC INCITE grant, Helen He for her help on Franklin during all phases of this work, and Steve Luzmoor for his part in gathering detailed information on Silence and brainstorming about the results. The authors were supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research in the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 350 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600033 ER PT S AU Carns, P Lang, S Ross, R Vilayannur, M Kunkel, J Ludwig, T AF Carns, Philip Lang, Sam Ross, Robert Vilayannur, Murali Kunkel, Julian Ludwig, Thomas GP IEEE TI Small-File Access in Parallel File Systems SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Today's computational science demands have resulted in ever larger parallel computers, and storage systems have grown to match these demands. Parallel file systems used in this environment are increasingly specialized to extract the highest possible performance for large I/O operations, at the expense of other potential workloads. While some applications have adapted to I/O best practices and can obtain good performance on these systems, the natural I/O patterns of many applications result in generation of many small files. These applications are not well served by current parallel file systems at very large scale. This paper describes five techniques for optimizing small-file access in parallel file systems for very large scale systems. These five techniques are all implemented in a single parallel file system (PVFS) and then systematically assessed on two test platforms. A microbenchmark and the mdtest benchmark are used to evaluate the optimizations at an unprecedented scale. We observe as much as a 905% improvement in small-file create rates, 1,106% improvement in small-file stat rates, and 727% improvement in small-file removal rates, compared to a baseline PVFS configuration on a leadership computing platform using 16,384 cores. C1 [Carns, Philip; Lang, Sam; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vilayannur, Murali] VMware Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Kunkel, Julian; Ludwig, Thomas] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Comp Sci, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Carns, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM carns@mcs.anl.gov; slang@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov; muraliv@vmware.com; Julian.Kunkel@Informatik.uni-heidelberg.de; Thomas.Ludwig@Informatik.uni-heidelberg.de FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank the PVFS community for their efforts in making PVFS a successful part of HPC storage systems. W. Allcock, K. Harms, A. Cherry, S. Coghlan, and P. Beckman of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility were instrumental in enabling our testing on the Blue Gene/P system. We are also thankful to Kamil Iskra of Argonne National Laboratory for his help in understanding the performance characteristics of the Blue Gene/P I/O nodes and tree network. This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 524 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600048 ER PT S AU Villa, O Chavarria-Miranda, D Maschhoff, K AF Villa, Oreste Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel Maschhoff, Kristyn GP IEEE TI Input-independent, Scalable and Fast String Matching on the Cray XMT SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB String searching is at the core of many security and network applications like search engines, intrusion detection systems, virus scanners and spam filters. The growing size of on-line content and the increasing wire speeds push the need for fast, and often real-time, string searching solutions. For these conditions, many software implementations (if not all) targeting conventional cache-based microprocessors do not perform well. They either exhibit overall low performance or exhibit highly variable performance depending on the types of inputs. For this reason, real-time state of the art solutions rely on the use of either custom hardware or Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) at the expense of overall system flexibility and programmability. This paper presents a software based implementation of the Aho-Corasick string searching algorithm on the Cray XMT multithreaded shared memory machine. Our solution relies on the particular features of the XMT architecture and on several algorithmic strategies: it is fast, scalable and its performance is virtually content-independent. On a 128-processor Cray XHT it reaches a scanning speed of approximate to 28 Gbps with a performance variability below 10%. In the 10 Gbps performance range, variability is below 2.5%. By comparison, an Intel dual-socket, 8-core system running at 2.66 GHz achieves a peak performance which varies from 500 Mbps to 10 Gbps depending on the type of input and dictionary size. C1 [Villa, Oreste; Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Maschhoff, Kristyn] Cray Inc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Villa, O (reprint author), Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM oreste.villa@pnl.gov; daniel.chavarria@pnl.gov; kristyn@cray.com RI 张, 红/F-9916-2011 FU Center for Adaptive Super-computing Software - Multithreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the Dept. of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-ACO6-76RL01830] FX This work was funded under the Center for Adaptive Super-computing Software - Multithreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the Dept. of Energys Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-ACO6-76RL01830. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 679 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600062 ER PT S AU Lofstead, J Zheng, F Klasky, S Schwan, K AF Lofstead, Jay Zheng, Fang Klasky, Scott Schwan, Karsten GP IEEE TI Adaptable, Metadata Rich IO Methods for Portable High Performance IO SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Since IO performance on HPC machines strongly depends on machine characteristics and configuration, it is important to carefully tune IO libraries and make good use of appropriate library APIs. For instance, on current petascale machines, independent IO tends to outperform collective IO, in part due to bottlenecks at the metadata server. The problem is exacerbated by scaling issues, since each IO library scales differently on each machine, and typically, operates efficiently to different levels of scaling on different machines. With scientific codes being run on a variety of HPC resources, efficient code execution requires us to address three important issues: (1) end users should be able to select the most efficient IO methods for their codes, with minimal effort in terms of code updates or alterations; (2) such performance-driven choices should not prevent data from being stored in the desired file formats, since those are crucial for later data analysis; and (3) it is important to have efficient ways of identifying and selecting certain data for analysis, to help end users cope with the flood of data produced by high end codes. This paper employs ADIOS, the ADaptable IO System, as an IO API to address (1)-(3) above. Concerning (1), ADIOS makes it possible to independently select the IO methods being used by each grouping of data in an application, so that end users can use those IO methods that exhibit best performance based on both IO patterns and the underlying hardware. In this paper, we also use this facility of ADIOS to experimentally evaluate on petascale machines alternative methods for high performance IO. Specific examples studied include methods that use strong file consistency vs. delayed parallel data consistency, as that provided by MPI-IO or POSIX IO. Concerning (2), to avoid linking IO methods to specific file formats and attain high IO performance, ADIOS introduces an efficient intermediate file format, termed BP, which can be converted, at small cost, to the standard file formats used by analysis tools, such as NetCDF and HDF-5. Concerning (3), associated with BP are efficient methods for data characterization, which compute attributes that can be used to identify data sets without having to inspect or analyze the entire data contents of large files. C1 [Lofstead, Jay; Zheng, Fang; Schwan, Karsten] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Klasky, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lofstead, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM lofstead@cc.gatech.edu; fzheng8@mail.gatech.edu; klasky@ornl.gov; schwan@cc.gatech.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NSF as part of the HECURA program; Department of Defense; Office of Science through the SciDAC; SDM center in the OSCR office FX This work was funded in part by Sandia National Laboratories under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000, a grant from NSF as part of the HECURA program, a grant from the Department of Defense, a grant from the Office of Science through the SciDAC program, and the SDM center in the OSCR office. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 778 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600071 ER PT S AU Madduri, K Bader, DA AF Madduri, Kamesh Bader, David A. GP IEEE TI Compact Graph Representations and Parallel Connectivity Algorithms for Massive Dynamic Network Analysis SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID TREES AB Graph-theoretic abstractions are extensively used to analyze massive data sets. Temporal data streams from socio-economic interactions, social networking web sites, communication traffic, and scientific computing can be intuitively modeled as graphs. We present the first study of novel high-performance combinatorial techniques for analyzing largescale information networks, encapsulating dynamic interaction data in the order of billions of entities. We present new data structures to represent dynamic interaction networks, and discuss algorithms for processing parallel insertions and deletions of edges in small-world networks. With these new approaches, we achieve an average performance rate of 25 million structural updates per second and a parallel speedup of nearly 28 on a 64-way Sun UltraSPARC 7-2 multicore processor for insertions and deletions to a small-world network of 33.5 million vertices and 268 million edges. We also design parallel implementations of fundamental dynamic graph kernels related to connectivity and centrality queries. Our implementations are freely distributed as part of the open-source SNAP (Small-world Network, Analysis and Partitioning) complex network analysis framework. C1 [Madduri, Kamesh] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Bader, David A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Madduri, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. RI Bader, David/F-1028-2013 FU NSF [CNS-0614915, DBI-0420513]; IBM Faculty Fellowship andMicrosoft Research; NASA [NP-2005-07-375- HQ]; DARPA [NBCH30390004]; PNNL CASS-MT Center; MIT Lincoln Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Sun Microsystems; donation of Sun Niagara blades through an Academic Excellence Grant FX This work was supported in part by NSF Grants CNS-0614915 and DBI-0420513, IBM Faculty Fellowship andMicrosoft Research grants, NASA grant NP-2005-07-375- HQ, DARPA Contract NBCH30390004, PNNL CASS-MT Center, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the support from Sun Microsystems with their donation of Sun Niagara blades through an Academic Excellence Grant. We thank Bruce Hendrickson and Jon Berry of Sandia National Laboratories, and Jeremy Kepner of MIT Lincoln Laboratory for discussions on large-scale graph problems. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 860 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600079 ER PT S AU Zhang, XC Jiang, S Davis, K AF Zhang, Xuechen Jiang, Song Davis, Kei GP IEEE TI Making Resonance a Common Case: A High-Performance Implementation of Collective I/O on Parallel File Systems SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Collective I/O is a widely used technique to improve I/O performance in parallel computing. It can be implemented as a client-based or as a server-based scheme. The client-based implementation is more widely adopted in the MPI-IO software such as ROMIO because of its independence from the storage system configuration and its greater portability. However, existing implementations of client-side collective I/O do not consider the actual pattern of file striping over multiple I/O nodes in the storage system. This can cause a large number of requests for non-sequential data at I/O nodes, substantially degrading I/O performance. Investigating a surprisingly high I/O throughput achieved when there is an accidental match between a particular request pattern and the data striping pattern on the I/O nodes, we reveal the resonance phenomenon as the cause. Exploiting readily available information on data striping from the metadata server in popular file systems such as PVFS2 and Lustre, we design a new collective I/O implementation technique, named as resonant I/O, that makes resonance a common case. Resonant I/O rearranges requests from multiple MPI processes according to the presumed data layout on the disks of I/O nodes so that non-sequential access of disk data can be turned into sequential access, significantly improving I/O performance without compromising the independence of a client-based implementation. We have implemented our design in ROMIO. Our experimental results on a small- and medium-scale cluster show that the scheme can increase I/O throughput for some commonly used parallel I/O benchmarks such as mpi-io-test and ior-mpi-io over the existing implementation of ROMIO by up to 157%, with no scenario demonstrating significantly decreased performance. C1 [Zhang, Xuechen; Jiang, Song] Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Davis, Kei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM xczhang@eng.wayne.edu; sjiang@eng.wayne.edu; kei.davis@lanl.gov FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0702500]; Accelerated Strategic Computing program of the Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant CCF-0702500. This work was also funded in part by the Accelerated Strategic Computing program of the Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DEAC52- 06NA25396. We would like to thank Dr. Xiaodong Zhang and the Ohio Supercomputer Center for providing computing resources. We also thank Dr. Xiaosong Ma for her constructive comments. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 975 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600089 ER PT S AU Nishtala, R Hargrove, PH Bonachea, DO Yelick, KA AF Nishtala, Rajesh Hargrove, Paul H. Bonachea, Dan O. Yelick, Katherine A. GP IEEE TI Scaling Communication-Intensive Applications on BlueGene/P Using One-Sided Communication and Overlap SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB In earlier work, we showed that the one-sided communication model found in PGAS languages (such as UPC) offers significant advantages in communication efficiency by decoupling data transfer from processor synchronization. We explore the use of the PGAS model on IBM BlueGene/P an architecture that combines low-power quad-core processors with extreme scalability. We demonstrate that the PGAS model, using a new port of the Berkeley UPC compiler and GASNet one-sided communication layer, outperforms two-sided (MPI) communication in both microbenchmarks and a case stud), of the communication-limited benchmark, NAS FT We scale the benchmark tip to 16,384 cores of the BlueGene/P and demonstrate that UPC consistently outperforms MPI by as much as 66% for some processor configurations and an average of 32%. In addition, the results demonstrate the scalability of the PGAS model and the Berkeley implementation of UPC, the viability of using it on machines with multicore nodes, and the effectiveness of the BG/P communication layer for supporting one-sided communication and PGAS languages. C1 [Nishtala, Rajesh; Bonachea, Dan O.; Yelick, Katherine A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hargrove, Paul H.; Yelick, Katherine A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Res Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Nishtala, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rajeshn@cs.berkeley.edu; phhargrove@lbl.gov; bonachea@cs.berkeley.edu; yelick@cs.berkeley.edu FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We would like to thank Michael Blocksome, Douglas Miller, Sameer Kumar and the entire IBM DCMF team for their support in helping us port GASNet to BG/P. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 1043 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600095 ER PT S AU Kumar, VS Kurc, T Saltz, J Abdulla, G Kohn, SR Matarazzo, C AF Kumar, Vijay S. Kurc, Tahsin Saltz, Joel Abdulla, Ghaleb Kohn, Scott R. Matarazzo, Celeste GP IEEE TI Architectural Implications for Spatial Object Association Algorithms SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Spatial object association, also referred to as cross-match of spatial datasets, is the problem of identifying and comparing objects in two or more datasets based on their positions in a common spatial coordinate system. In this work, we evaluate two crossmatch algorithms that are used for astronomical sky surveys, on the following database system architecture configurations: (1) Netezza Performance Server (R), a parallel database system with active disk style processing capabilities, (2) MySQL Cluster, a high-throughput network database system, and (3) a hybrid configuration consisting of a collection of independent database system instances with data replication support. Our evaluation provides insights about how architectural characteristics of these systems affect the performance of the spatial crossmatch algorithms. We conducted our study using real use-case scenarios borrowed from a large-scale astronomy application known as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). C1 [Kumar, Vijay S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kurc, Tahsin; Saltz, Joel] Emory Univ, Ctr Comprehens Informat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Abdulla, Ghaleb; Kohn, Scott R.; Matarazzo, Celeste] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kumar, VS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU National Science Foundation under Grants [CNS-0403342, CNS-0426241, ANI-0330612, CNS-0203846, ACI-0130437, CNS-0615155, CNS-0406386]; Ohio Board of Regents BRTTC [BRTT02-0003]; AGMT [TECH-04049]; NIH U54 [CA113001]; R01 [LM009239]; NHLBI R24 [HL085343] FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants #CNS-0403342, #CNS- 0426241, #ANI-0330612, #CNS-0203846, #ACI-0130437, #CNS-0615155, #CNS-0406386, and Ohio Board of Regents BRTTC #BRTT02-0003 and AGMT TECH-04049, the NIH U54 CA113001 and R01 LM009239 grants, and the NHLBI R24 HL085343 grant. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 1065 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600097 ER PT S AU Cope, JM Trebon, N Tufo, HM Beckman, P AF Cope, Jason M. Trebon, Nick Tufo, Henry M. Beckman, Pete GP IEEE TI Robust Data Placement in Urgent Computing Environments SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Distributed urgent computing workflows often require data to be staged between multiple computational resources. Since these workflows execute in shared computing environments where users compete for resource usage, it is necessary to allocate resources that can meet the deadlines associated with time-critical workflows and can tolerate interference from other users. In this paper, we evaluate the use of robust resource selection and scheduling heuristics to improve the execution of tasks and workflows in urgent computing environments that are dependent on the availability of data resources and impacted by interference from less urgent tasks. C1 [Cope, Jason M.; Tufo, Henry M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, UCB 430, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beckman, Pete] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Trebon, Nick] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, UCB 430, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jason.cope@colorado.edu; ntrebon@cs.uchicago.edu; henry.tufo@colorado.edu; beckman@mcs.anl.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) MRI [CNS-0421498]; NSF MRI [CNS-0420873, CNS-0420985]; NSF [0503697]; IBM Shared University Research (SUR) program; NSF through National Center for Atmospheric Research FX University of Colorado computer time was provided by equipment supported under National Science Foundation (NSF) MRI Grant #CNS-0421498, NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0420873, NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0420985, NSF Grant #0503697 ETF Grid Infrastructure Group: Providing System Management and Integration for the TeraGrid, and a grant from the IBM Shared University Research (SUR) program. This research was supported in part by the NSF through support for the National Center for Atmospheric Research and TeraGrid resources provided by IU, NCAR, NCSA, TACC, and UC/ANL. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 1472 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600145 ER PT S AU Watson, GR Rasmussen, CE Tibbitts, BR AF Watson, Gregory R. Rasmussen, Craig E. Tibbitts, Beth R. GP IEEE TI An Integrated Approach To Improving The Parallel Application Development Process SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB The development of parallel applications is becoming increasingly important to a broad range of industries. Traditionally, parallel programming was a niche area that was primarily exploited by scientists trying to model extremely complicated physical phenomenon. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that continued hardware performance improvements through clock scaling and feature-size reduction are simply not going to be achievable for much longer. The hardware vendor's approach to addressing this issue is to employ parallelism through multi-processor and multi-core technologies. While there is little doubt that this approach produces scaling improvements, there are still many significant hurdles to be overcome before parallelism can be employed as a general replacement to more traditional programming techniques. The Parallel Tools Platform (PTP) Project was created in 2005 in an attempt to provide developers with new tools aimed at addressing some of the parallel development issues. Since then, the introduction of a new generation of peta-scale and multi-core systems has highlighted the need for such a platform. In this paper, we describe some of the challenges facing parallel application developers, present the current state of PTP, and provide a simple case study that demonstrates how PTP can be used to locate a potential deadlock situation in an MPI code. C1 [Watson, Gregory R.; Tibbitts, Beth R.] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Rasmussen, Craig E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Watson, GR (reprint author), IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM grw@us.ibm.com; crasmussen@lanl.gov; tibbitts@us.ibm.com FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HR0011-07-9-0002] FX This material is partly based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under its Agreement No. HR0011-07-9-0002. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 1635 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600162 ER PT S AU Ionkov, L Nyrhinen, A Mirtchovski, A AF Ionkov, Latchesar Nyrhinen, Aki Mirtchovski, Andrey GP IEEE TI CellFS: Taking The "DMA" Out Of Cell Programming SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB In this paper we present a new programming model for the Cell BE architecture called CellFS. CellFS aims to simplify the task of managing I/O between the local store of the synergistic processing units and main memory., of the Cell. The CellFS support library, provides the means for transferring data via simple file I/O operations therefore eliminating the need for programmers to handle DMA transfers explicitly The CellFS programming also provides overlap between code execution and data transfer by means of a deterministic, lock-less concurrency model. C1 [Ionkov, Latchesar; Mirtchovski, Andrey] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nyrhinen, Aki] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. RP Ionkov, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lionkov@lanl.gov; aki@helsinki.fi; andrey@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 1689 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993600169 ER PT S AU Otoo, E Rotem, D Tsao, SC AF Otoo, E. Rotem, D. Tsao, S. C. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Trade-Off Between Power Saving and Response Time in Disk Storage Systems SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB It is anticipated that in the near future disk storage systems will surpass application servers and will become the primary consumer of power in the data centers. Shutting down of inactive disks is one of the more widespread solutions to save power consumption of disk systems. This solution involves spinning down or completely shutting off disks that exhibit long periods of inactivity and placing them in standby mode. A file request from a disk in standby mode will incur an I/O cost penalty as it takes tune to spin up the disk before it can serve the file. In this paper, we address the problem of designing and implementing file allocation strategies on disk storage that save energy while meeting performance requirements of file retrievals. We present an algorithm for solving this problem with guaranteed bounds front the optimal solution. Our algorithm runs in O(n logn) time where n is the number of files allocated. Detailed simulation results and experiments with real life workloads are also presented. C1 [Otoo, E.; Rotem, D.; Tsao, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Otoo, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejotoo@lbl.gov; d_rotem@lbl.gov; weafon@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 1944 EP 1951 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601004 ER PT S AU Dursun, H Barker, KJ Kerbyson, DJ Pakin, S AF Dursun, Hikmet Barker, Kevin J. Kerbyson, Darren J. Pakin, Scott GP IEEE TI Application Profiling on Cell-based Clusters SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID ARCHITECTURE AB In this paper, we present a methodology for profiling parallel applications executing on the IBM PowerXCell 8i (commonly referred to as the "Cell" processor). Specifically, we examine Cell-centric MPI programs on hybrid clusters containing multiple Opteron and Cell processors per node such as those used in the petascale Roadrunner system. Our implementation incurs less than 3.2 mu s of overhead per profile call while efficiently utilizing the limited local store of the Cell's SPE cores. We demonstrate the use of our profiler on a cluster of hybrid nodes running a suite of scientific applications. Our analyses of inter-SPE communication (across the entire cluster) and function call patterns provide valuable information that can be used to optimize application performance. C1 [Dursun, Hikmet; Barker, Kevin J.; Kerbyson, Darren J.; Pakin, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Sci HPC CCS 1, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dursun, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Sci HPC CCS 1, PAL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hdursun@lanl.gov; kjbarker@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov; pakin@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2049 EP 2056 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601017 ER PT S AU Alam, SR Barrett, RF Kuehn, JA Poole, SW AF Alam, Sadaf R. Barrett, Richard F. Kuehn, Jeffery A. Poole, Steve W. GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis and Projections for Petascale Applications on Cray XT Series Systems SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE High performance computing; multi-core processors; performance evaluation; scientific applications ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB The Petascale Cray XT5 system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Leadership Computing Facility (LCF) shares a number of system and software features with its predecessor, the Cray XT4 system including the quad-core AMD processor and a multi-core aware MPI library. We analyze performance of scalable scientific applications on the quad-core Cray XT4 system as part of the early system access using a combination of micro-benchmarks and Petascale ready applications. Particularly, we evaluate impact of key changes that occurred during the dual-core to quad-core processor upgrade on applications behavior and provide projections for the next-generation massively-parallel platforms with multi-core processors, specifically for proposed Petascale Cray XT5 system. We compare and contrast the quad-core XT4 system features with the upcoming XT5 system and discuss strategies for improving scaling and performance for our target applications. C1 [Alam, Sadaf R.; Barrett, Richard F.; Kuehn, Jeffery A.; Poole, Steve W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alam, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alamsr@ornl.gov; rbarrett@ornl.gov; kuehn@ornl.gov; spoole@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2089 EP 2096 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601022 ER PT S AU Barker, KJ Davis, K Kerbyson, DJ AF Barker, Kevin J. Davis, Kei Kerbyson, Darren J. GP IEEE TI Performance Modeling in Action: Performance Prediction of a Cray XT4 System during Upgrade SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB We present predictive performance models of two of the petascale applications, S3D and GTC, from the DOE Office of Science workload. We outline the development of these models and demonstrate their validation on an Opteron/Infiniband cluster and the pre-upgrade ORNL Jaguar system (Cray XT3/XT4). Given the high accuracy of the full application models, we predict the performance of the Jaguar system after the upgrade of its nodes, and subsequently compare this to the actual performance of the upgraded system. We then analyze the performance of the system based on the models to quanta bottlenecks and potential optimizations. Finally, the models are used to quantify the benefits of alternative node allocation strategies. C1 [Barker, Kevin J.; Davis, Kei; Kerbyson, Darren J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barker, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kjbarker@lanl.gov; kei.davis@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2097 EP 2104 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601023 ER PT S AU Barrett, BW Berry, JW Murphy, RC Wheeler, KB AF Barrett, Brian W. Berry, Jonathan W. Murphy, Richard C. Wheeler, Kyle B. GP IEEE TI Implementing a Portable Multi-threaded Graph Library: the MTGL on Qthreads SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE C1 [Barrett, Brian W.; Berry, Jonathan W.; Murphy, Richard C.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wheeler, Kyle B.] Univ Notre Dame, Sandia Natl Labs, Notre Dame, IN USA. RP Barrett, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bwbarre@sandia.gov; jberry@sandia.gov; rcmurph@sandia.gov; kwheeler@cse.nd.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2123 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601026 ER PT S AU Chin, G Marquez, A Choudhury, S Maschhoff, K AF Chin, George, Jr. Marquez, Andres Choudhury, Sutanay Maschhoff, Kristyn GP IEEE TI Implementing and Evaluating Multithreaded Triad Census Algorithms on the Cray XMT SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Commonly represented as directed graphs, social networks depict relationships and behaviors among social entities such as people, groups, and organizations. Social network analysis denotes a class of mathematical and statistical methods designed to study and measure social networks. Beyond sociology, social network analysis methods are being applied to other types of data in other domains such as bioinformatics, computer networks, national security, and economics. For particular problems, the size of a social network can grow to millions of nodes and tens of millions of edges or more. In such cases, researchers could benefit from the application of social network analysis algorithms on high-performance architectures and systems. The Cray XMT is a third generation multithreaded system based on the Cray XT-3/4 platform. Like most other multithreaded architectures, the Cray XMT is designed to tolerate memory access latencies by switching context between threads. The processors maintain multiple threads of execution and utilize hardware-based context switching to overlap the memory latency incurred by any thread with the computations from other threads. Due to its memory latency tolerance, the Cray XMT has the potential of significantly improving the execution speed of irregular data-intensive applications such as those found in social network analysis. In this paper, we describe our experiences in developing and optimizing two implementations of a social network analysis method known as triadic analysis to execute on the Cray XMT. The two implementations possess different execution complexities, qualities, and characteristics. We evaluate how the various attributes of the codes affect their performance on the Cray XMT. We also explore the effects of different compiler options and execution strategies on the different triadic analysis implementations and identify general XMT programming issues and lessons learned. C1 [Chin, George, Jr.; Marquez, Andres; Choudhury, Sutanay] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Maschhoff, Kristyn] Cray Inc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Chin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM George.Chin@pnl.gov; Andres.Marquez@pnl.gov; Sutanay.Choudhury@pnl.gov; kristyn@cray.com FU Center for Adaptive Supercomputing Software - Multithreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the Dept; Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was funded under the Center for Adaptive Supercomputing Software - Multithreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the Dept. of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-ACO6-76RL01830. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2139 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601028 ER PT S AU Madduri, K Ediger, D Jiang, K Bader, DA Chavarria-Miranda, D AF Madduri, Kamesh Ediger, David Jiang, Karl Bader, David A. Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel GP IEEE TI A Faster Parallel Algorithm and Efficient Multithreaded Implementations for Evaluating Betweenness Centrality on Massive Datasets SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB We present a new lock free parallel algorithm for computing betweenness centrality, of massive complex networks that achieves better spatial locality compared with previous approaches. Betweenness centrality is a key kennel in analyzing the importance of vertices (or edges) in applications ranging from social networks, to power grids, to the influence of jazz musicians, and is also incorporated into the DARPA HPCS SSCA#2, a benchmark extensively used to evaluate the performance of emerging high-performance computing architectures for graph analytics. We design an optimized implementation of betweenness centrality for the massively multithreaded Cray XMT system with the Thread-storm processor. For a small-world network of 268 million vertices and 2.147 billion edges, the 16-processor XMT system. achieves a TEPS rate (an algorithmic performance count for the number of edges traversed per second) of 160 million per second, which corresponds to more than a 2x performance improvement over the previous parallel implementation. We demonstrate the applicability of our implementation to analyze massive real-world datasets by computing approximate betweenness centrality for the large IMDb movie-actor network. C1 [Madduri, Kamesh] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ediger, David; Jiang, Karl; Bader, David A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel] High Performance Comp Pacif, Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Madduri, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bader, David/F-1028-2013 FU PNNL CASS-MT Center; NSF [CNS-0614915]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the PNNL CASS-MT Center, NSF Grant CNS-0614915, and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2148 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601029 ER PT S AU Scherrer, C Shippert, T Marquez, A AF Scherrer, Chad Shippert, Tim Marquez, Andres GP IEEE TI Accelerating Numerical Calculation on the Cray XMT SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB The Cray XMT provides hardware support for parallel algorithms that would be communication- or memory-bound on other machines. Unfortunately, even if an algorithm meets these criteria, performance suffers if the algorithm is too numerically intensive. We present a lookup-based approach that achieves a significant performance advantage over explicit calculation. We describe an approach to balancing memory bandwidth against on-chip floating point capabilities, leading to further speedup. Finally, we provide table lookup algorithms for a number of common functions. C1 [Scherrer, Chad; Shippert, Tim; Marquez, Andres] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scherrer, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chad.scherrer@pnl.gov; tim.shippert@pnl.gov; andres.marquez@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2156 EP 2162 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601030 ER PT S AU Utke, J Hascoet, L Heimbach, P Hill, C Hovland, P Naumann, U AF Utke, Jean Hascoet, Laurent Heimbach, Patrick Hill, Chris Hovland, Paul Naumann, Uwe GP IEEE TI Toward Adjoinable MPI SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE MPI; automatic differentiation; source transformation; reverse mode ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HEAT AB Automatic differentiation is the primary means of obtaining analytic derivatives from a numerical model given as a computer program. Therefore, it is an essential productivity tool in numerous computational science and engineering domains. Computing gradients with the adjoint (also called reverse) mode via source transformation is a particularly beneficial but also challenging use of automatic differentiation. To date only ad hoc solutions for adjoint differentiation of MPI programs have been available, forcing automatic differentiation tool users to reason about parallel communication dataflow and dependencies and manually develop adjoint communication code. Using the communication graph as a model we characterize the principal problems of adjoining the most frequently used communication idioms. We propose solutions to cover these idioms and consider the consequences for the MPI implementation, the MPI user and MPI-aware program analysis. The MIT general circulation model serves as a use case to illustrate the viability of our approach. C1 [Utke, Jean] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Utke, Jean; Hovland, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Hascoet, Laurent] INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France. [Heimbach, Patrick; Hill, Chris] MIT, EAPS, Cambridge, MA USA. [Naumann, Uwe] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Comp Sci, Aachen, Germany. RP Utke, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM utke@mcs.anl.gov; laurent.hascoet@sophia.inria.fr; heimbach@mit.edu; cnh@mit.edu; hovland@mcs.anl.gov; naumann@stce.rwth-aachen.de RI Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013 OI Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161 FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE- AC02-06CH11357]; NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program FX We would like to thank Bill Gropp, Rusty Lusk, Rajeev Thakur and Darius Buntinas for providing insights into the MPI standard rationale and the MPICH implementation.Hovland and Utke are supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract DE- AC02-06CH11357. Heimbach, Hill and Utke are partially supported by the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 2575 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601085 ER PT S AU Brandt, J Gentile, A Mayo, J Pebay, P Roe, D Thompson, D Wong, M AF Brandt, Jim Gentile, Ann Mayo, Jackson Pebay, Philippe Roe, Diana Thompson, David Wong, Matthew GP IEEE TI Resource Monitoring and Management with OVIS to Enable HPC in Cloud Computing Environments SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY MAY 23-29, 2009 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Using the cloud computing paradigm, a host of companies promise to make huge compute resources available to users on a pay-as-you-go basis. These resources can be configured on the fly to provide the hardware and operating system of choice to the customer on a large scale. While the current target market for these resources in the commercial space is web development/hosting, this model has the lure of savings of ownership, operation, and maintenance costs, and thus sounds like an attractive solution for people who currently invest millions to hundreds of millions of dollars annually on High Performance Computing (HPC) platforms in order to support large-scale scientific simulation codes. Given the current interconnect bandwidth and topologies utilized in these commercial offerings, however, the only current viable market in HPC would be small-memory-footprint embarrassingly parallel or loosely coupled applications, which inherently require little to no inter-processor communication. While providing the appropriate resources (bandwidth, latency, memory, etc.) for the HPC community would increase the potential to enable HPC in cloud environments, this would not address the need for scalability and reliability, crucial to HPC applications. Providing for these needs is particularly difficult in commercial cloud offerings where the number of virtual resources can far outstrip the number of physical resources, the resources are shared among many users, and the resources may be heterogeneous. Advanced resource monitoring, analysis, and configuration tools can help address these issues, since they bring the ability to dynamically provide and respond to information about the platform and application state and would enable more appropriate, efficient, and flexible use of the resources key to enabling HPC. Additionally such tools could be of benefit to non-HPC cloud providers, users, and applications by providing more efficient resource utilization in general. C1 [Brandt, Jim; Gentile, Ann; Mayo, Jackson; Pebay, Philippe; Roe, Diana; Thompson, David; Wong, Matthew] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brandt, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9159-9152, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM brandt@sandia.gov; gentile@sandia.gov; jmayo@sandia.gov; pppebay@sandia.gov; dcroe@sandia.gov; dcthomp@sandia.gov; mhwong@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-1-4244-3751-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2009 BP 3050 EP 3057 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMN88 UT WOS:000272993601150 ER PT S AU Masanet, E Kramer, KJ Homan, G Brown, R Worrell, E AF Masanet, Eric Kramer, Klaas Jan Homan, Gregory Brown, Richard Worrell, Ernst GP IEEE TI Assessment of Supply Chain Energy Efficiency Potentials: A US Case Study SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology ISSST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology CY MAY 18-20, 2009 CL Tempe, AZ SP IEEE DE Life-cycle assessment; energy efficiency; supply chain modeling; input-output analysis AB This paper summarizes a modeling framework that characterizes the key underlying technologies and processes that contribute to the supply chain energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a variety of goods and services purchased by U.S. consumers. The framework couples an input-output supply chain modeling approach with "bottom-up" fuel end use models for individual IO sectors. This fuel end use modeling detail allows energy and policy analysts to better understand the underlying technologies and processes contributing to the supply chain energy and GHG "footprints" of goods and services. To illustrate the policy-relevance of this approach, a case study was conducted to estimate achievable household GHG footprint reductions associated with the adoption of best practice energy-efficient supply chain technologies. C1 [Masanet, Eric; Homan, Gregory; Brown, Richard] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kramer, Klaas Jan] KJKramer Consulting, Groningen, Netherlands. [Worrell, Ernst] Univ Utrecht, Ecofys, Dept Sci Technol, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Masanet, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ermasanet@lbl.gov; info@kjkramerconsulting.com; gkhoman@lbl.gov; rebrown@lbl.gov; e.worrell@ecofys.nl RI Masanet, Eric /I-5649-2012; Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 FU Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; California Energy Commission [UC 500-02-004] FX This work was performed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the California Energy Commissions PIER Program under contract number UC 500-02-004, work authorization number MR-069. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2157-524X BN 978-1-4244-4324-6 J9 IEEE I SYMP SUST SYS PY 2009 BP 328 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BNE63 UT WOS:000274279200065 ER PT B AU Bishofberger, K Svimonishvili, T Faehl, RJ Carlsten, BE AF Bishofberger, Kip Svimonishvili, Tengiz Faehl, Rickey J. Carlsten, Bruce E. GP IEEE TI Structure-less Generation of Sub-millimeter Radiation SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 28-30, 2009 CL Angelicum Univ, Rome, ITALY SP European Space Agcy, IEEE Electron Devices soc, Univ Roma Tor Vergata, CST, SELEX GALILEO HO Angelicum Univ DE two-stream instability; terahertz generation; sub-millimeter generation; beam dynamics; electron beam manipulation AB We report detailed simulations of a two-stream instability using co-propagating electron beams of differing energies By adjusting parameters such as beam currents and the energy difference, a remarkable amount of self-modulation occurs at controllable and predictable frequencies. The typical frequencies of oscillation traverse the sub-millimeter and terahertz range, and the power associated with the bunching reaches saturation in distances of propagation less than 0.1 meter. C1 [Bishofberger, Kip; Svimonishvili, Tengiz; Faehl, Rickey J.; Carlsten, Bruce E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bishofberger, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3500-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2009 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2009.5193537 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOP78 UT WOS:000277253800115 ER PT B AU Cusick, M Atkinson, J Balkcum, A Caryotakis, G Gajaria, D Grant, T Meyer, C Lind, K Perrin, M Scheitrum, G Jensen, A AF Cusick, Michael Atkinson, J. Balkcum, A. Caryotakis, G. Gajaria, D. Grant, T. Meyer, C. Lind, K. Perrin, M. Scheitrum, G. Jensen, A. GP IEEE TI X-Band Sheet Beam Klystron (XSBK) SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 28-30, 2009 CL Angelicum Univ, Rome, ITALY SP European Space Agcy, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Univ Roma Tor Vergata, CST, SELEX GALILEO HO Angelicum Univ DE Sheet Beam; Klystron; Sheet Beam Klystron; SBK; X-Band AB The Sheet Beam Klystron (SBK) is characterized by a large drift tube, which allows the use of high beam current at a low voltage, resulting in low beam current density, high efficiency and the possibility of PPM focusing. CPI has designed, manufactured and is currently testing an X-Band SBK capable of 5 MW peak, 20 kW average output power This paper discusses the general design, manufacturing and performance to date of CPI's X-Band SBK. C1 [Cusick, Michael; Atkinson, J.; Balkcum, A.; Caryotakis, G.; Gajaria, D.; Grant, T.; Meyer, C.; Lind, K.; Perrin, M.] Commun & Power Ind Inc, 607 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Scheitrum, G.] Varian, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Jensen, A.] SLAC, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Cusick, M (reprint author), Commun & Power Ind Inc, 607 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM michael.cusick@cpii.com NR 1 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3500-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2009 BP 296 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2009.5193419 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOP78 UT WOS:000277253800125 ER PT B AU Petillo, J Panagos, D Ovtchinnikov, S Held, B DeFord, J Nelson, E Nguyen, K Wright, E Jensen, K Levush, B AF Petillo, John Panagos, Dimitrios Ovtchinnikov, Serguei Held, Ben DeFord, John Nelson, Eric Nguyen, Khanh Wright, Ed Jensen, Kevin Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Applications and Current Status of the Finite-Element MICHELLE Gun & Collector Simulation Code SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 28-30, 2009 CL Angelicum Univ, Rome, ITALY SP European Space Agcy, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Univ Roma Tor Vergata, CST, SELEX GALILEO HO Angelicum Univ ID ELECTRON-GUN AB The MICHELLE code is a Finite-Element Electrostatic Particle in Cell code for application to 2D and 3D particle beam formation, transport, and collection. Its primary development focus has been for DC electron guns and depressed collectors, however, it has other applications such as RF electron guns, ion thrusters, photocathodes, etc. Its ability to manage large mesh sizes and large particle counts in complex geometries requiring the resolution of disparate spatial scales in 2D and 3D on desktop computers has allowed it to be applied to devices that could not have been readily modeled in recent years. This presentation gives an overview of recent applications, capabilities, and the current status of MICHELLE. In particular, application to time-dependent problems and optimization will be illustrated C1 [Petillo, John; Panagos, Dimitrios; Ovtchinnikov, Serguei] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 700 Technol Pk Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Held, Ben; DeFord, John] Simulat Technol & Appl Res Inc, Washington, DC 53092 USA. [Nelson, Eric] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Nguyen, Khanh; Wright, Ed] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Jensen, Kevin; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petillo, J (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 700 Technol Pk Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM petilloj@saic.com OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3500-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2009 BP 463 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2009.5193571 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOP78 UT WOS:000277253800203 ER PT B AU Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ Levush, B AF Nelson, Eric M. Petillo, John J. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Improved Symmetries in the Finite-Element Gun Code MICHELLE SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 28-30, 2009 CL Angelicum Univ, Rome, ITALY SP European Space Agcy, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Univ Roma Tor Vergata, CST, SELEX GALILEO HO Angelicum Univ DE finite-element gun code; MICHELLE; symmetry planes; periodicities AB We have improved the finite-element gun code MICHELLE's handling of symmetry planes and periodicities. A general-purpose vertex vector field symmetrization algorithm ensures that gun simulations that track particles with smoothed electric fields are consistent between full and symmetry-reduced models. The smoothed fields in a symmetry-reduced model are now more accurate on symmetry planes and periodic boundaries, and likewise on the axis of axisymmetric models. We describe the algorithm and present simulations that demonstrate these improvements. C1 [Nelson, Eric M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petillo, John J.] SAIC, Billerica, MA USA. [Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Nelson, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Nelson, Eric/0000-0003-1446-6453 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3500-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2009 BP 507 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2009.5193442 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BOP78 UT WOS:000277253800225 ER PT S AU Mendez, AJ Hernandez, VJ Gagliardi, RM Bennett, CV AF Mendez, Antonio J. Hernandez, Vincent J. Gagliardi, Robert M. Bennett, Corey V. GP IEEE TI Design of Optical Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) Translating Receiver SO 2009 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Belek, TURKEY SP IEEE Photon Soc C1 [Mendez, Antonio J.] Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Hernandez, Vincent J.; Bennett, Corey V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gagliardi, Robert M.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Mendez, AJ (reprint author), Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-7NA27344]; DARPA SBIR Phase II Adoption [W31P4Q-05-C-R161]; Mendez R&D Associates IRD FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-7NA27344. This work was funded in part by DARPA SBIR Phase II Adoption contract W31P4Q-05-C-R161 and Mendez R&D Associates IR&D. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-3680-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2009 BP 18 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2009.5343490 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BPP15 UT WOS:000279577600010 ER PT S AU Brizuela, F Wang, Y Brewer, CA Pedaci, F Chao, WL Anderson, EH Liu, YW Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Wachulak, P Marconi, MC Attwood, DT Rocca, JJ Menoni, CS AF Brizuela, Fernando Wang, Yong Brewer, Courtney A. Pedaci, Francesco Chao, Weilun Anderson, Erik H. Liu, Yanwei Goldberg, Kenneth A. Naulleau, Patrick Wachulak, Przemyslaw Marconi, Mario C. Attwood, David T. Rocca, Jorge J. Menoni, Carmen S. GP IEEE TI Table-top microscope for at-wavelength inspection of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Mask SO 2009 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Belek, TURKEY SP IEEE Photon Soc ID NICKEL-LIKE CADMIUM; LASER; RESOLUTION C1 [Brizuela, Fernando; Wang, Yong; Brewer, Courtney A.; Pedaci, Francesco; Wachulak, Przemyslaw; Marconi, Mario C.; Rocca, Jorge J.; Menoni, Carmen S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chao, Weilun; Anderson, Erik H.; Liu, Yanwei; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Naulleau, Patrick; Attwood, David T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr X ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brizuela, F (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM brizuela@engr.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; OI Wachulak, Przemyslaw/0000-0001-9853-7946 FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0310717] FX We acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Georgiy Vaschenko and the support of the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number EEC-0310717. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-3680-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2009 BP 51 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2009.5343475 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BPP15 UT WOS:000279577600027 ER PT S AU Jang, WY Paskaleva, BS Hayat, MM Bender, SC Krishna, S AF Jang, Woo-Yong Paskaleva, Biliana S. Hayat, Majeed M. Bender, Steven C. Krishna, Sanjay GP IEEE TI Multispectral Classification with Bias-tunable Quantum Dots in a Well Focal Plane Array SO 2009 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Belek, TURKEY SP IEEE Photon Soc C1 [Jang, Woo-Yong; Paskaleva, Biliana S.; Hayat, Majeed M.; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, ECE Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bender, Steven C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jang, WY (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, ECE Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation [IIS-0434102, ECS-401154] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Award IIS-0434102 and Award ECS-401154. Additional support was provided by the National Consortium for MASINT Research through a Partnership Project and the National Science Foundation led by the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of New Mexico. (Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Cor- poration, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.) The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. M. Abedin. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-3680-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2009 BP 168 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2009.5343155 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BPP15 UT WOS:000279577600087 ER PT S AU Barty, CPJ AF Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI Development and Applications of Laser-based Mono-Energetic Gamma-rays (MEGa-rays) SO 2009 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Belek Antalya, TURKEY SP IEEE Photon Soc AB Development and optimization at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory of ultrabright, laser-based MEGa-ray sources for isotope-specific detection, assay and imaging of materials will be reviewed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Photon Sci & Applicat Program, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Barty, CPJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Photon Sci & Applicat Program, 7000 E Ave,L-470, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. EM barty1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-3680-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2009 BP 172 EP 172 DI 10.1109/LEOS.2009.5343238 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BPP15 UT WOS:000279577600089 ER PT B AU Jamshidi, A Schuck, PJ Pauzauskie, PJ Valley, JK Hsu, HY Ohta, AT Neale, S Wu, MC AF Jamshidi, Arash Schuck, Peter James Pauzauskie, Peter J. Valley, Justin K. Hsu, Hsan-Yin Ohta, Aaron T. Neale, Steven Wu, Ming C. GP IEEE TI NanoPen: Light-actuated Patterning of Nanoparticles SO 2009 IEEE/LEOS WINTER TOPICALS MEETING SERIES (WTM 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/LEOS Winter Topicals Meeting CY JAN 12-14, 2009 CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, LEOS AB We introduce NanoPen, a novel technique for flexible, real-time reconfigurable, and large-scale light-actuated patterning of single or multiple nanoparticles such as metallic spherical nanoparticles, semiconducting and metallic nanowires, and carbon nanotubes. C1 [Jamshidi, Arash; Valley, Justin K.; Hsu, Hsan-Yin; Ohta, Aaron T.; Neale, Steven; Wu, Ming C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schuck, Peter James] LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. [Pauzauskie, Peter J.] LLNL, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Jamshidi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM arash@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Neale, Steven/D-1937-2009 OI Neale, Steven/0000-0002-4588-276X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2610-2 PY 2009 BP 76 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BJQ75 UT WOS:000267006500039 ER PT B AU McCormick, FB AF McCormick, F. B. (Rick) GP IEEE TI Nanophotonics at Sandia National Laboratories SO 2009 IEEE/LEOS WINTER TOPICALS MEETING SERIES (WTM 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/LEOS Winter Topicals Meeting CY JAN 12-14, 2009 CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, LEOS ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL AB Sandia National Laboratories is leveraging the extensive CMOS, MEMS, compound semiconductor, and nanotechnology fabrication and test resources at Sandia National Laboratories to explore new science and technology in photonic crystals, plasmonics, metamaterials, and silicon photonics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McCormick, FB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2610-2 PY 2009 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BJQ75 UT WOS:000267006500041 ER PT B AU Chow, WW AF Chow, W. W. GP IEEE TI Dynamics in Isolator-Free Injection-Locked Lasers SO 2009 IEEE/LEOS WINTER TOPICALS MEETING SERIES (WTM 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/LEOS Winter Topicals Meeting CY JAN 12-14, 2009 CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, LEOS AB Dynamical behavior in injection-locked lasers without optical isolation between master and slave lasers is investigated. A uniquely new laser theory, that treats the two lasers on equal footing, predicts considerable modification to modulation response. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wwchow@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2610-2 PY 2009 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BJQ75 UT WOS:000267006500080 ER PT S AU Wilson, JL Kang, YW Fathy, AE AF Wilson, Joshua L. Kang, Yoon W. Fathy, Aly E. GP IEEE TI Twisted Waveguides for Particle Accelerator Applications SO 2009 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE MTTS DE Slow wave structures; accelerating structures; guided waves AB A novel microwave device for accelerating charged particles based on twisted waveguide is presented. Twisted guides support slow-wave TM modes whose phase velocity could reach the speed of light c. The axial electric field in these structures can travel synchronously with the particles to achieve nearly uniform acceleration in a traveling-wave topology. The advantages of using twisted guides over conventional RF accelerating cavities are discussed. We present two types of twisted accelerating structures, one analogous to the well-known disk-loaded accelerating structure, and the other analogous to the popular elliptical (or TESLA-type) accelerating geometry. The propagation characteristics of these two structures are considered, and prototypes are made to experimentally validate our theoretical results. C1 [Wilson, Joshua L.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Kang, Yoon W.] ORNL, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Fathy, Aly E.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RP Wilson, JL (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. FU ORNL-SNS; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work has been sponsored by ORNL-SNS. The Spallation Neutron Source is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-2803-8 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2009 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2009.5165649 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BMS89 UT WOS:000273507400033 ER PT S AU Champion, MS AF Champion, Mark S. GP IEEE TI Engineering Challenges in the Design of the International Linear Collider SO 2009 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE MTTS DE Engineering; physics; particle collisions; superconducting linear accelerators AB The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a proposed electron-positron collider with a center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV. It will support precision measurements of the Higgs boson and related phenomena and is thereby complementary to the recently completed Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The ILC presents numerous engineering challenges due to its scale, performance requirements, cost, and collaborative nature. It is expected that these challenges will be met over the next few years prior to approval of construction of the ILC. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Champion, MS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Champion, Mark/0000-0002-5742-2568 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-2803-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2009 BP 1461 EP 1463 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2009.5165983 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BMS89 UT WOS:000273507400367 ER PT S AU Huang, QJ Lilley, CM Bode, M AF Huang, Qiaojian Lilley, Carmen M. Bode, Matthias GP IEEE TI Characterization of Electron Surface Scattering in Single Crystalline Metallic Nanowires SO 2009 IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MATERIALS AND DEVICES CONFERENCE SE IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference CY JUN 02-05, 2009 CL Traverse City, MI SP IEEE DE Electrical resistivity; electron surface scattering; metallic nanowires; single crystalline nanowires AB The research presented in this paper is on the modeling and characterization of electrical resistivity for single crystalline silver nanowires. Silver nanowires were self-assembled on vicinal silicon in a high-vacuum environment with high purity metal sources. These wires are atomically smooth and have little to no contaminants. Current-voltage curves were measured in direct contact using a four-point probe measurement within the high vacuum environment. C1 [Huang, Qiaojian; Lilley, Carmen M.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bode, Matthias] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, QJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM clilley@uic.edu RI Huang, Qiaojian/A-4951-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science, Offce of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offce of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dr. Nathan P. Guisinger for his assistance with the sample preparation and the electrical measurements. The authors would like to acknowledge the Campus Research Board (CRB) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) for supporting this research with a CRB grant. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2378-377X BN 978-1-4244-4695-7 J9 IEEE NANOTECHNOL MAT PY 2009 BP 61 EP + DI 10.1109/NMDC.2009.5167569 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMU53 UT WOS:000273600300016 ER PT S AU Hoff, JR Zimmerman, TN Yarema, RJ Kapustinsky, JS Brookes, ML AF Hoff, James R. Zimmerman, Tom N. Yarema, Raymond J. Kapustinsky, Jon S. Brookes, Melynda L. BE Yu, B TI FPHX: a New Silicon Strip Readout Chip for the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The FPHX chip is a silicon strip readout chip developed at Fermi lab for use in the FVTX Detector of the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. Each front end consists of an integrator which is AC coupled to a shaper, followed by a discriminator and a 3-bit analog-to-digital converter. The backend is a novel architecture in two stages that permits dead-timeless operation and high-speed readout with very low latency. A slow controller provides an interface for all on-chip programmable functions. This chip has been fabricated in the 0.25um TSMC process. All functionality including the analog front-end, the digital back-end, and the slow controller has been verified experimentally. C1 [Hoff, James R.; Zimmerman, Tom N.; Yarema, Raymond J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60187 USA. RP Hoff, JR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60187 USA. EM jimhoff@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401873 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100014 ER PT S AU Sandness, GA Schweppe, JE Hensley, WK Borgardt, JD Mitchell, AL AF Sandness, Gerald A. Schweppe, John E. Hensley, Walter K. Borgardt, James D. Mitchell, Allison L. BE Yu, B TI Accurate Modeling of the Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Background for Homeland Security Applications SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed computer models to simulate the use of radiation portal monitors to screen vehicles and cargo for the presence of illicit radioactive material. The gamma radiation emitted by the vehicles or cargo containers must often be measured in the presence of a relatively large gamma-ray background that is mainly due to the presence of potassium, uranium, and thorium (and progeny isotopes) in the soil and surrounding building materials. This large background is often a significant limit to the detection sensitivity for items of interest and must be modeled accurately for analyzing homeland security situations. Calculations of the expected gamma-ray emission from a disk of soil and asphalt were made using the Monte Carlo transport code MCNP and were compared to measurements made with a thallium-drifted sodium iodide detector. Analysis revealed that the energy spectrum of the measured background could not be reproduced unless the model included gamma rays coming from the ground out to distances of at least 300 m. The contribution from beyond about 50 m was primarily due to gamma rays that scattered in the air before entering the detectors rather than passing directly from the ground to the detectors. These skyshine gamma rays contribute tens of percent to the total gamma-ray spectrum, primarily at energies below a few hundred keV. The techniques that are being developed to efficiently calculate the contributions from a large soil disk and a large air volume in a Monte Carlo simulation are described and the implications of skyshine in portal monitoring applications are discussed. C1 [Sandness, Gerald A.; Schweppe, John E.; Hensley, Walter K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sandness, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sandness@pnl.gov; john.schweppe@pnl.gov; walter.hensley@pnl.gov; borgardt@juniata.edu; mitchal08@juniata.edu NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401843 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100024 ER PT S AU Kouzes, RT Conlin, KE Kernan, WJ Mace, EK Siciliano, ER Woodring, ML AF Kouzes, Richard T. Conlin, Kenneth E. Kernan, Warnick J. Mace, Emily K. Siciliano, Edward R. Woodring, Mitchell L. BE Yu, B TI Shielding of Skyshine Interference with Radiation Detection Systems SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Skyshine, the radiation scattered from the air above a source, such as radiography or x-ray imaging systems, can be a problematic source of background gamma rays that interfere with radiation detection systems even at very large distances. The effects of skyshine have been studied for many years, but almost entirely within the context of nuclear power and radioactive waste storage. These earlier studies show that modeling of skyshine is made difficult because it must take into account huge volumes of space in the models that slow analysis significantly. This paper reports on results from various modeling and measurement efforts that examine shielding approaches to the skyshine interference problem with radiation detection systems. C1 [Kouzes, Richard T.; Conlin, Kenneth E.; Kernan, Warnick J.; Mace, Emily K.; Siciliano, Edward R.; Woodring, Mitchell L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kouzes, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rkouzes@pnl.gov; kenneth.conlin@pnl.gov; warnick.kernan@pnl.gov; emily.mace@pnl.gov; edward.siciliano@pnl.gov; mitchell.woodring@pnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401840 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100025 ER PT S AU Ye, ZY AF Ye, Zhenyu CA DO Collaboration BE Yu, B TI Radiation Damage Studies for the D circle divide Silicon Micro-strip Tracker at the Tevatron SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE DE Tevatron; D circle divide; Silicon Micro-strip Tracker; radiation damage AB A Silicon Micro-strip Tracker has been operating at the DO experiment at the Fermi lab Tevatron collider (Batavia, Illinois, USA) since 2001. The sensor leakage current, full depletion voltage, signal size and noise level are continuously monitored for radiation damage. Predictions are also made for the detector parameters towards the end of the Tevatron Run II. These predictions are based on the locations and types of the sensors, our knowledge and measurements of the phenomenology of radiation damage as well as the actual dose received in the Tevatron environment. We present the results of these aging studies and predictions in this talk. C1 [Ye, Zhenyu] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ye, ZY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yezhenyu@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 163 EP 167 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100030 ER PT S AU Anderson, JT Byrum, K Drake, G Kreps, A Krennrich, F Schroedter, M Smith, AW AF Anderson, J. T. Byrum, K. Drake, G. Kreps, A. Krennrich, F. Schroedter, M. Smith, A. W. BE Yu, B TI Field Tests of a New High-Speed Pattern Recognition Trigger for Ground-Based Gamma-Ray Telescope Arrays SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We have developed a three-stage, high-speed trigger for use in an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), which are used for the study of cosmic high-energy gamma-ray sources. This trigger has the ability to recognize patterns of Cherenkov light generated by gamma-ray initiated air showers in the atmosphere and correlate these patterns across multiple telescopes in the IACT array to form a stereoscopic real-time pattern recognition trigger. New hardware and firmware sampling at 400MHz with programmable coincidence recognition timing and programmable delay compensation over 500 pixel channels in an IACT camera has been produced which generates triggers from the coincidence of any three adjacent pixels within the camera. Reduction of the required coincidence time to 5 ns and the concomitant reduction in dead time from the faster logic allow operation at lower discriminator thresholds relative to existing systems, enabling studies of lower energy gamma-ray events. A successful field test of the first two stages of this pattern recognition hardware has been performed on one of the IACTs of the VERITAS array located in Southern Arizona. We present the results of these tests and compare them to the performance of the existing VERITAS trigger system. A subsequent field test where hardware is connected to multiple VERITAS telescopes to exercise the stereoscopic features is in the planning stages. C1 [Anderson, J. T.; Byrum, K.; Drake, G.; Kreps, A.; Smith, A. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anderson, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jta@anl.gov; krennrich@iastate.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401804 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100037 ER PT S AU Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC Yu, B Fischer, DA AF Schaknowski, Neil A. Smith, Graham C. Yu, B. Fischer, Daniel A. BE Yu, B TI A Sealed, UHV Compatible, Soft X-ray Detector Utilizing Gas Electron Multipliers SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID FLUORESCENCE AB An advanced soft X-ray detector has been designed and fabricated for use in synchrotron experiments that utilize Xray absorption spectroscopy in the study a wide range of materials properties. Fluorescence X-rays, in particular C(K) at 277eV, are converted in a low pressure gas medium, and charge multiplication occurs in two gas electron multipliers, fabricated in-house from glass reinforced laminate, to enable single photon counting. The detector satisfies a number of demanding characteristics often required in synchrotron environments, such as UHV compatibility, compactness, long-term stability, and energy resolving capability. C1 [Schaknowski, Neil A.; Smith, Graham C.; Yu, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schaknowski, NA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM neil@bnl.gov; gsmith@bnl.gov; yubo@bnl.gov; dfischer@nist.gov; yubo@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401777 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100046 ER PT S AU O'Toole, JA Valicenti, RA Woloshun, KA AF O'Toole, J. A. Valicenti, R. A. Woloshun, K. A. BE Yu, B TI TMRS MK III Engineering Design SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Background: The Target-Moderator-Reflector System (TMRS) is the neutron source for nuclear physics experiments in the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center user facility. The TMRS is an assembly consisting of tungsten targets plus a network of moderators, reflectors and flight paths that deliver neutrons of specified energies and fluxes to surrounding experiments and detector stations. The second-generation TMRS (MK II), operational for 5 years, is scheduled for replacement in 2010. While many features of MK II will remain unchanged this paper describes the engineering design of important new features: 1) The tungsten components of the targets will be clad in tantalum to minimize erosion and consequent contamination of the water cooling system, and 2) A new liquid hydrogen moderator with a beryllium reflector/filter that doubles the neutron flux. C1 [O'Toole, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Toole, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM otoole@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401768 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100049 ER PT S AU Ratti, A Beche, JF Byrd, J Chow, K Denes, P Doolittle, L Ghiorso, W Manfredi, PF Matis, H Monroy, M Plate, D Stezelberger, T Stiller, J Turko, B Turner, WC Yaver, H Zimmermann, S Bravin, E Drees, A Miyamoto, R AF Ratti, A. Beche, J. F. Byrd, J. Chow, K. Denes, P. Doolittle, L. Ghiorso, W. Manfredi, P. F. Matis, H. Monroy, M. Plate, D. Stezelberger, T. Stiller, J. Turko, B. Turner, W. C. Yaver, H. Zimmermann, S. Bravin, E. Drees, A. Miyamoto, R. BE Yu, B TI The Luminosity Monitoring System for the LHC: Modeling and Test Results SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Simulation results of the Beam Rate of Neutrals (BRAN) luminosity detector for the CERN Large Hadron Collider are presented. The detectors are intended to measure the bunch-by-bunch relative luminosity at the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Building up from experimental results from test runs at the SPS, RHIC and ALS we extend the simulated setup to the TAN neutral absorbers located at 140 m at both sides the IP1 and IP5 interaction points. The expected signal amplitudes are calculated for pp-collisions energies between 450 GeV and 7 TeV using the Monte Carlo package FLUKA and its graphical user interface FLAIR. C1 [Ratti, A.; Beche, J. F.; Byrd, J.; Chow, K.; Denes, P.; Doolittle, L.; Ghiorso, W.; Manfredi, P. F.; Matis, H.; Monroy, M.; Plate, D.; Stezelberger, T.; Stiller, J.; Turko, B.; Turner, W. C.; Yaver, H.; Zimmermann, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ratti, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ARatti@lbl.gov; enrico.bravin@cern.ch; drees@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401747 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100056 ER PT S AU Wu, JY AF Wu, Jinyuan BE Yu, B TI An FPGA Wave Union TDC for Time-of-Flight Applications SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE DE Front End Electronics; TDC; FPGA Firmware AB An 18-channel time-of-flight (TOF) grade time-to-digit converter (TDC) has been implemented in a low cost FPGA device. The TDC has the following unique features. (1) The time recording structures of the TDC is based on the "wave union TDC" we developed in our previous work. A leading edge of the input hit launches a bit pattern, or wave union into the delay chain-register array structure which yields two usable measurements. The two measurements effectively sub-divide timing bins for each other especially the "ultra-wide bins" caused by the FPGA logic array block (LAB) structure and improves measurement precision both in terms of maximum bin width and RMS resolution. A coarser measurement on input signal trailing edge is also provided for time-over-threshold (TOT) applications. (2) The TDC supports advanced timing reference distribution schemes that are superior to conventional common start/stop schemes. The TDC has 16 regular measurement channels plus two channels for timing reference. The timing reference is established with multiple measurements rather than single shot common start/stop. An advanced scheme, the mean-timing approach even eliminates needs of high quality timing distribution media. (3) The ASIC-like encapsulation of the FPGA TDC significantly shorten the learning curve for potential users while maintain certain flexibility for various applications. Necessary digital post-processing functions including semi-continuous automatic calibration, data buffer, data link jam prevention logic etc. are integrated into the firmware to provide a turn-key solution for users. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jywu168@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401738 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100059 ER PT S AU Myjak, MJ Ma, D Robinson, DJ La Rue, GS AF Myjak, Mitchell J. Ma, Ding Robinson, Dirk J. La Rue, George S. BE Yu, B TI Multi-Channel Data Acquisition System for Nuclear Pulse Processing SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We have developed a compact, inexpensive electronics package that can digitize pulse amplitudes or current measurements from 32 detector outputs in parallel. The electronics package consists of two circuit boards: a custom acquisition board and an off-the-shelf processing board. The acquisition board features a custom-designed integrated circuit that contains an array of charge-to-pulse-width converters. The processing board contains a field programmable gate array that digitizes the pulse widths, performs event discrimination, constructs energy histograms, and executes any user-defined software. Together, the two boards cost around $1000. The module can transfer data to a computer or operate entirely as a standalone system. The design achieves 0.20% nonlinearity and 0.18% FWHM precision at full scale. However, the overall performance could be improved with some modifications to the integrated circuit. C1 [Myjak, Mitchell J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Myjak, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mitchell.myjak@pnl.gov; dma@eecs.wsu.edu; dirkrob@gmail.com; larue@eecs.wsu.edu OI Myjak, Mitchell/0000-0002-3807-3542 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401711 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100068 ER PT S AU Vernon, E Ackley, K De Geronimo, G Fried, J He, Z Herman, C Zhang, F AF Vernon, Emerson Ackley, Kim De Geronimo, Gianluigi Fried, Jack He, Zhong Herman, Cedric Zhang, Feng BE Yu, B TI ASIC for High Rate 3D Position Sensitive Detectors SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS; DEPTH-SENSING TECHNIQUE; ELECTRODES AB We report on the development of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for 3D position-sensitive detectors. The ASIC is designed to operate with pixelated wide band gap sensors like Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT), Mercuric Iodide (HgI2), and Thallium Bromide (TIBr), and it measures, corresponding to an ionizing event, the energy and timing of signals from 128 anodes and two cathodes. Each channel provides low-noise charge amplification, high-order shaping with peaking time adjustable from 250 ns to 12 mu s, gain adjustable to 20 or 120 mV/fC (3.2 MeV or 530 keV in CZT), discrimination with 5-bit trimming, and positive and negative peak- and timing-detections. The read-out can be full or sparse, based on a flag and single- or multi-cycle token. All channels, triggered only, or triggered with neighbors can be read out thus increasing rate capability of the system to more than 10 kcps. The ASIC dissipates 330 mW which corresponds to about 2.5 mW per channel. C1 [Vernon, Emerson; Ackley, Kim; De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Fried, Jack] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vernon, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM evernon@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 412 EP 418 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401669 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100082 ER PT S AU Kotov, IV Kotov, AI Frank, J O'Connor, P Perevoztchikov, V Takacs, P AF Kotov, I. V. Kotov, A. I. Frank, J. O'Connor, P. Perevoztchikov, V. Takacs, P. BE Yu, B TI CCD Base Line Subtraction Algorithms SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE DE Charge coupled devices; Calibration; Error analysis AB High statistics astronomical surveys require higher accuracy of sensor calibration procedures. The first step in calibration procedures is the base line subtraction. The accuracy and robustness of different base line subtraction techniques used for Charge Coupled Device (CCD) sensors are discussed. The specialized algorithm of the base line subtraction for CCD images containing sparse signals was developed and is discussed in section 3. This algorithm does not require taking additional bias exposures and uses data from the same image. Statistical properties of the algorithm are discussed in section 3. The algorithm performance on (55)Fe data and comparison with bias exposures approach is presented in section 4. Details of the bias exposure analysis are presented in section 2. C1 [Kotov, I. V.; Frank, J.; O'Connor, P.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Takacs, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kotov, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kotov@bnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 431 EP 433 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401576 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100086 ER PT S AU Rivera, RA Turqueti, M Uplegger, L AF Rivera, Ryan A. Turqueti, Marcos Uplegger, Lorenzo BE Yu, B TI A Telescope Using CMS PSI46 Pixels and the CAPTAN for Acquisition and Control over Gigabit Ethernet SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The Electronic Systems Engineering department of the Computing Division at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has assembled a pixel test beam telescope for high energy physics detector research and development. The telescope features CMS PSI46 readout chips and a data acquisition and control system known as the Compact And Programmable daTa Acquisition Node or CAPTAN. The CAPTAN is a flexible and powerful system that meets the readout and control demands of a variety of pixel and strip detectors for high energy physics applications. The CAPTAN functions in a gigabit Ethernet network, which facilitates the coordination of the multiple pixel planes of the telescope. Through the use of the CAPTAN hardware, a unified telescope system is attained encompassing both the CMS PSI46 pixel components and a device under test. This paper discusses results from the telescope project including mechanical design, alignment procedure, and attainable precision. C1 [Rivera, Ryan A.; Turqueti, Marcos; Uplegger, Lorenzo] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rivera, RA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rrivera@fnal.gov; turqueti@fnal.gov; uplegger@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401969 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100121 ER PT S AU Seabury, EH Chichester, DL AF Seabury, E. H. Chichester, D. L. BE Yu, B TI A Study of (3)He Detectors for Active Interrogation SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB (3)He proportional counters have long been used as neutron detectors for both passive and active detection of Special Nuclear Material (SNM). The optimal configuration of these detectors as far as gas pressure, amount of moderating material, and size are concerned is highly dependent on what neutron signatures are being used to detect and identify SNM. We present here a parametric study of the neutron capture response of (3)He detectors, based on Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNPX radiation transport code. The neutron capture response of the detectors has been modeled as a function of time after an incident neutron pulse. C1 [Seabury, E. H.; Chichester, D. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Seabury, EH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Edward.Seabury@inl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 710 EP 712 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402101 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100150 ER PT S AU Batdorf, MT Hensley, WK Seifert, CE Kirihara, LJ Erikson, LE Jordan, DV AF Batdorf, Michael T. Hensley, Walter K. Seifert, Carolyn E. Kirihara, Leslie J. Erikson, Luke E. Jordan, David V. BE Yu, B TI Isotope Identification in the Gamma Tracker Handheld Radioisotope Identifier SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB GammaTracker is a portable handheld radioisotope identifier using position sensitive CdZnTe crystals. The device uses a peak-based method for isotope identification implemented on an embedded computing platform within the device. This paper presents the run-time optimized algorithms used in this peak-based method of analysis. Performance of the algorithms is presented using measured data from gamma-ray sources. C1 [Batdorf, Michael T.; Hensley, Walter K.; Seifert, Carolyn E.; Kirihara, Leslie J.; Erikson, Luke E.; Jordan, David V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Batdorf, MT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM michael.batdorf@pnl.gov; walter.hensley@pnl.gov; carolyn.seifert@pnl.gov; leslie.kirihara@pnl.gov; luke.erikson@pnl.gov; david.jordan@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 868 EP 872 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402463 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100187 ER PT S AU Hoover, A Wallace, M Galassi, M Mocko, M Palmer, D Schultz, L Tornga, S AF Hoover, Andrew Wallace, Mark Galassi, Mark Mocko, Michal Palmer, David Schultz, Larry Tornga, Shawn BE Yu, B TI Simulation and Modeling for the Stand-Off Radiation Detection System (SORDS) using GEANT4 SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB A Stand-Off Radiation Detection System (SORDS) is being developed through a joint effort by Raytheon, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bubble Technology Industries, Radiation Monitoring Devices, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO). The system is a mobile truck-based platform performing detection, imaging, and spectroscopic identification of gamma-ray sources. A Tri-Modal Imaging (TMI) approach combines active-mask coded aperture imaging, Compton imaging, and shadow imaging techniques. Monte Carlo simulation and modeling using the GEANT4 toolkit was used to generate realistic data for the development of imaging algorithms and associated software code. C1 [Hoover, Andrew; Wallace, Mark; Galassi, Mark; Mocko, Michal; Palmer, David; Schultz, Larry; Tornga, Shawn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoover, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ahoover@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Mocko, Michal/B-1794-2010; OI Mocko, Michael/0000-0003-0447-4687 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 914 EP 917 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401562 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100198 ER PT S AU Brubaker, E Brennan, J Hilton, N Marleau, P Steele, J AF Brubaker, Erik Brennan, James Hilton, Nathan Marleau, Peter Steele, John BE Yu, B TI Calibration and Simulation of a Coded Aperture Neutron Imaging System SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Coded aperture neutron imaging detectors have the potential to be a powerful tool for the detection of special nuclear material at long range or under heavy shielding, using the signature of fast neutrons from spontaneous fission. We are building a prototype system using liquid scintillator cells, measuring 20 '' x 2.5 '' x 2.5 '' each, in a reconfigurable arrangement. A cross-calibration of the observed detector data with the output of Monte Carlo simulation can both improve the sensitivity of the detector to fast neutron sources and increase the simulation accuracy, allowing the study of next-generation detector designs. Here we describe the tools and procedures developed to calibrate and simulate the detector response, including energy scale and resolution, interaction position, and gamma-neutron separation using pulse shape discrimination. Detector data and simulation are in good agreement for a test configuration. C1 [Brubaker, Erik; Brennan, James; Hilton, Nathan; Marleau, Peter; Steele, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Brubaker, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 920 EP 924 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401564 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100200 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE Dioszegi, I Salwen, C Forman, L AF Vanier, Peter E. Dioszegi, Istvan Salwen, Cynthia Forman, Leon BE Yu, B TI Directional Stand-off Detection of Fast Neutrons and Gammas Using Angular Scattering Distributions SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We have investigated the response of a Double Scatter Neutron Spectrometer (DSNS) for sources at long distances (>200 meters). We find that an alternative method for analyzing double scatter data avoids some uncertainties introduced by amplitude measurements in plastic scintillators. Time of flight is used to discriminate between gamma and neutron events, and the kinematic distributions of scattering angles are assumed to apply. Non-relativistic neutrons are most likely to scatter at 45 degrees, while gammas with energies greater than 2 MeV are most likely to be forward scattered. The distribution of scattering angles of fission neutrons arriving from a distant point source generates a 45 degrees cone, which can be back-projected to give the source direction. At the same time, the distribution of Compton-scattered gammas has a maximum in the forward direction, and can be made narrower by selecting events that deposit minimal energy in the first scattering event. We have further determined that the shape of spontaneous fission neutron spectra at ranges >110 m is still significantly different from the cosmic ray background. C1 [Vanier, Peter E.; Dioszegi, Istvan; Salwen, Cynthia] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vanier@bnl.gov; lforman@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 931 EP 935 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401566 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100202 ER PT S AU Mascarenhas, N Brennan, J Greenberg, CH Marleau, P Mrowka, S AF Mascarenhas, Nicholas Brennan, James Greenberg, Charles H. Marleau, Peter Mrowka, Stan BE Yu, B TI Field-Portable Fast-Neutron Imager For SNM Detection SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We have successfully ruggedized and deployed a field portable fast-neutron imager. Detection efficiency has been increased by > 5x more over the one fielded last year. Imaging has been demonstrated though 30 cm thick concrete and at a stand-off distance of 75 m in air. We have also imaged a pulsed D-D neutron generator and recorded its energy spectrum. These demonstrations show that our neutron scatter camera could be a useful tool not only in the lab but as a field detector for hidden SNM. C1 [Mascarenhas, Nicholas; Brennan, James; Greenberg, Charles H.; Marleau, Peter; Mrowka, Stan] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mascarenhas, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 944 EP 946 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401569 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100205 ER PT S AU Borozdin, KN Morris, CL Fraser, AM Green, JA Mariam, FG Schultz, LJ Cuellar, L Hengartner, NW Saunders, A Walstrom, PL AF Borozdin, Konstantin N. Morris, Christopher L. Fraser, Andrew. M. Green, J. Andrew Mariam, Fesseha G. Schultz, Larry J. Cuellar, Leticia Hengartner, Nicolos W. Saunders, Alexander Walstrom, Peter L. BE Yu, B TI Charged Particle Energy Loss Radiography for Homeland Security Applications SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We discuss an innovative low-dose approach for detecting shielded strategic nuclear materials (SNM) based on measuring the energy-loss of energetic protons penetrating an object. C1 [Borozdin, Konstantin N.; Morris, Christopher L.; Fraser, Andrew. M.; Green, J. Andrew; Mariam, Fesseha G.; Schultz, Larry J.; Cuellar, Leticia; Hengartner, Nicolos W.; Saunders, Alexander; Walstrom, Peter L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borozdin, KN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kbor@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 952 EP 953 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402464 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100207 ER PT S AU Chichester, DL Seabury, EH AF Chichester, David L. Seabury, Edward H. BE Yu, B TI Addressing Different Active Neutron Interrogation Signatures from Fissionable Material SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID DIE-AWAY ANALYSIS; LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVITY; NUCLEAR MATERIAL; CARGO; GENERATORS; DETECTORS; URANIUM; SYSTEM; SNM AB In a continuing effort to examine portable methods for implementing active neutron interrogation for detecting shielded fissionable material research is underway to investigate the utility of analyzing multiple time-correlated signatures. Time correlation refers here to the existence of unique characteristics of the fission interrogation signature related to the start and end of an irradiation, as well as signatures present in between individual pulses of an irradiating source. Traditional measurement approaches in this area have typically worked to detect die-away neutrons after the end of each pulse, neutrons in between pulses related to the decay of neutron emitting fission products, or neutrons or gamma rays related to the decay of neutron emitting fission products after the end of an irradiation exposure. In this paper we discus the potential weaknesses of assessing only one signature versus multiple signatures and make the assertion that multiple complimentary and orthogonal measurements should be used to bolster the performance of active interrogation systems, helping to minimize susceptibility to the weaknesses of individual signatures on their own. Recognizing that the problem of detection is a problem of low count rates, we are exploring methods to integrate commonly used signatures with rarely used signatures to improve detection capabilities for these measurements. In this paper we will discuss initial activity in this area with this approach together with observations of some of the strengths and weaknesses of using these different signatures. C1 [Chichester, David L.; Seabury, Edward H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chichester, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM David.Chichester@INL.gov; Edward.Seabury@INL.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 956 EP 960 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402466 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100209 ER PT S AU Cuellar, L Borozdin, KN Green, JA Hengartner, NW Morris, C Schultz, LJ AF Cuellar, L. Borozdin, K. N. Green, J. A. Hengartner, N. W. Morris, C. Schultz, L. J. BE Yu, B TI Soft Cosmic Ray Tomography for Detection of Explosives SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Charged particle tomography has been gaining ground due to its unique probing characteristics, and the ability of cosmic ray muons to deeply penetrate matter, allowing sensitivity to atomic number, radiation length and material density via detection of the probing particles before and after target traversal. But not all particles completely traverse the target volume. This paper explores the usefulness and information content in the stopped particles, referred to as soft particles. We show, in simulations, that the stopped particles are sensitive to low Z material and therefore provides complementary information to the scattering data. C1 [Cuellar, L.; Borozdin, K. N.; Green, J. A.; Hengartner, N. W.; Morris, C.; Schultz, L. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cuellar, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM leticia@lanl.gov; kbor@lanl.gov; a_green@lanl.gov; nick@lanl.gov; cmorris@lanl.gov; schultz@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 968 EP 970 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402469 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100212 ER PT S AU Kernan, WJ Mace, EK Siciliano, ER Conlin, KE Flumerfelt, E Kouzes, RT Woodring, ML AF Kernan, Warnick J. Mace, Emily K. Siciliano, Edward R. Conlin, Kenneth E. Flumerfelt, Eric Kouzes, Richard T. Woodring, Mitchell L. BE Yu, B TI Modeling and Measurements for Mitigating Interference from Skyshine SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Skyshine, the radiation scattered in the air above a high-activity gamma-ray source, can produce interference with radiation portal monitor (RPM) systems at distances up to even many hundred meters. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been engaged in a campaign of measurements, design work and modeling that explore methods of mitigating the effects of skyshine on outdoor measurements with sensitive instruments. An overview of our work with shielding of skyshine is being reported by us in another paper at this conference. This paper will concentrate on two topics: measurements and modeling with Monte Carlo transport calculations to characterize skyshine from an iridium-192 source, and testing of a prototype louver system, designed and fabricated at PNNL, as a shielding approach to limit the impact of skyshine interference on RPM systems. C1 [Kernan, Warnick J.; Mace, Emily K.; Siciliano, Edward R.; Conlin, Kenneth E.; Flumerfelt, Eric; Kouzes, Richard T.; Woodring, Mitchell L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kernan, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM warnick.kernan@pnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 976 EP 980 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402445 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100214 ER PT S AU Amman, M Luke, PN Lee, JS Mihailescu, L Vetter, K Zoglauer, A Wunderer, CB Galloway, M Boggs, SE Chen, H Marthandam, P Awadalla, S Taherion, S Bindley, G AF Amman, Mark Luke, Paul N. Lee, Julie S. Mihailescu, Lucian Vetter, Kai Zoglauer, Andreas Wunderer, Cornelia B. Galloway, Michelle Boggs, Steven E. Chen, Henry Marthandam, Pramodha Awadalla, Salah Taherion, Saeid Bindley, Glenn BE Yu, B TI Detector Module Development for the High Efficiency Multimode Imager SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE DE Gamma-ray imaging; gamma-ray spectroscopy; CdZnTe detectors ID HYBRID COLLIMATION; CDZNTE AB The High Efficiency Multimode Imager (HEM!) is an instrument currently under development for the purpose of detecting, locating, and spectroscopically characterizing gamma-ray emission sources at long-range standoff distances. The instrument design consists of multiple planes of relatively large-volume, good-energy-resolution detector modules configured for combined coded aperture and Compton scatter (multimode) gamma-ray imaging. The basic building block of HEMI is a detector module consisting of a CdZnTe coplanar-grid detector packaged along with its front-end and pulse-shaping electronics. We have developed a module that can be used to form close-packed arrays, has low dead mass, and is easily adjusted for optimum spectroscopic performance. In this paper, we provide an overview of HEMI and then detail the design, production, and testing of the detector modules. C1 [Amman, Mark; Luke, Paul N.; Lee, Julie S.; Mihailescu, Lucian; Vetter, Kai] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amman, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mark_amman@lbl.gov; pnluke@lbl.gov; henry.chen@redlen.com RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 981 EP 985 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402446 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100215 ER PT S AU Vilim, RB Klann, RT de la Barrera, SC Vilim, PL Ross, IA AF Vilim, R. B. Klann, R. T. de la Barrera, S. C. Vilim, P. L. Ross, I. A. BE Yu, B TI Tracking of Weak Radioactive Sources in Crowded Venues SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Monitoring for the clandestine transport of nuclear and radiological materials at large public gatherings or special events, such as the presidential inauguration, is one element in a strategy for preventing their subsequent dispersal. Being able to track these materials as they approach or move through such a venue can provide law-enforcement personnel with important information. The focus of this paper is on methods developed by the authors to meet the challenges inherent in the tracking problem. Results of laboratory experiments performed using the RadTrac prototype system are described. C1 [Vilim, R. B.; Klann, R. T.; de la Barrera, S. C.; Vilim, P. L.; Ross, I. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vilim, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rvilim@anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 995 EP 1001 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402449 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100218 ER PT S AU Woody, C Azmoun, B Chi, CY Citron, Z Connors, M Durham, M Hemmick, T Iordanova, A Kamin, J Lewis, B Milov, A Naglis, M Pantuev, V Pisani, R Proissl, M Ravinovich, I Rolnick, S Sakaguchi, T Sharma, D Stoll, S Sun, J Tserruya, I AF Woody, C. Azmoun, B. Chi, C-Y. Citron, Z. Connors, M. Durham, M. Hemmick, T. Iordanova, A. Kamin, J. Lewis, B. Milov, A. Naglis, M. Pantuev, V. Pisani, R. Proissl, M. Ravinovich, I. Rolnick, S. Sakaguchi, T. Sharma, D. Stoll, S. Sun, J. Tserruya, I. BE Yu, B TI Initial Performance of the PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector at RHIC SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) was successfully operated during the 2009 high energy polarized proton run at RHIC. This was the first data taking run after the detector was rebuilt following its first commissioning run in 2007. The detector was operated for several months under actual beam conditions and showed greatly improved performance over the commissioning run. Results are given on the operation of the detector, determination and calibration of the gain using scintillation light produced by charged particles in CF(4) stability of the CsI photocathodes, the ability to identify single and double electrons using the signal from Cherenkov light, and the level of sensitivity of the detector to charged hadrons. A description is also given on the methods used to reconstruct the detector that led to its improved performance. C1 [Woody, C.; Azmoun, B.; Pisani, R.; Sakaguchi, T.; Stoll, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1002 EP 1008 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402450 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100219 ER PT S AU Rehak, P De Geronimo, G Ackley, K Carini, G Chen, W Fried, J Keister, J Li, SR Li, Z Pinelli, DA Siddons, DP Vernon, E Gaskin, JA Ramsey, BD Tyson, TA AF Rehak, Pavel De Geronimo, Gianluigi Ackley, Kim Carini, Gabriella Chen, Wei Fried, Jack Keister, Jeffrey Li, Shaorui Li, Zheng Pinelli, Donald A. Siddons, D. Peter Vernon, Emerson Gaskin, Jessica A. Ramsey, Brian D. Tyson, Trevor A. BE Yu, B TI ASIC for SDD-based X-Ray Spectrometers SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID DRIFT DETECTORS; PULSE; CHAMBER; SPECTRA AB We present an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for high-resolution x-ray spectrometers (XRS). The ASIC reads out signals from pixelated silicon drift detectors (SDDs). The pixel does not have an integrated field effect transistor (FET); rather, readout is accomplished by wire-bonding the anodes to the inputs of the ASIC. The ASIC dissipates 32 mW, and offers 16 channels of low-noise charge amplification, high-order shaping with baseline stabilization, discrimination, a novel pile-up rejector, and peak detection with an analog memory. The readout is sparse and based on custom low-power tristatable low-voltage differential signaling (LPT-LVDS). A unit of 64 SDD pixels, read out by four ASICs, covers an area of 12.8 cm(2) and dissipates with the sensor biased about 15 mW/cm(2). As a tile-based system, the 64-pixel units cover a large detection area. Our preliminary measurements show a FWHM of 145 eV at the 5.9 keV peak of a (55)Fe source, and less than 80 eV on a test-pulse line at 200 eV. C1 [Rehak, Pavel; De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Ackley, Kim; Carini, Gabriella; Chen, Wei; Fried, Jack; Keister, Jeffrey; Li, Shaorui; Li, Zheng; Pinelli, Donald A.; Siddons, D. Peter; Vernon, Emerson] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM degeronimo@bul.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1088 EP 1095 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402415 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100235 ER PT S AU Rescia, S AF Rescia, Sergio CA ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Grp BE Yu, B TI A SiGe Front-End Prototype for the Upgraded ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We have designed and fabricated a very low noise preamplifier and shaper to replace the existing ATLAS Liquid Argon readout for use at the Large Hadron Collider upgrade (SLHC). IBM's 8WL 130nm SiGe process was chosen for its radiation tolerance, low noise bipolar NPN devices, wide voltage range and potential use in other SLHC detector subsystems. Although the requirements for the final design have not been yet finalized, the prototype was designed to accommodate a 16 hit dynamic range. This was accomplished by using a single stage, low noise, wide dynamic range preamplifier followed by a dual range shaper. The low noise of the preamp is made possible by the low base spreading resistance of the silicon germanium NPN bipolar transistors. The relatively high voltage rating of the NPN transistors is exploited to allow a gain of 650V/A in the preamplifier which eases the input voltage noise requirement on the shaper. Each shaper stage is designed as a cascaded differential operational amplifier pair with a common mode operating point regulated by an internal feedback loop. Measurement of the fabricated circuits indicates their performance is consistent with the design specifications including the radiation tolerance targets. C1 [Rescia, Sergio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rescia, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Rescia@bnl.gov RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1134 EP 1137 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402408 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100245 ER PT S AU Todri, A Turqueti, M Rivera, R Kwan, S AF Todri, A. Turqueti, M. Rivera, R. Kwan, S. BE Yu, B TI Power Distribution Studies for CMS Forward Tracker SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE DE Power distribution network; power supply noise; dc-dc converter AB Electronic Systems Engineering Department of the Computing Division at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is carrying out R&D investigations for the upgrade of the power distribution system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Pixel Tracker at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Among the goals of this effort is that of analyzing the feasibility of alternative powering schemes for the forward tracker, including DC to DC voltage conversion techniques using commercially available and custom switching regulator circuits. Tests of these approaches are performed using the PSI46 pixel readout chip currently in use at the CMS Tracker. Performance measures of the detector electronics will include pixel noise and threshold dispersion results. Issues related to susceptibility to switching noise will be studied and presented. In this paper, we describe the current power distribution network of the CMS Tracker, study the implications of the proposed upgrade with DC-DC converters powering scheme and perform noise susceptibility analysis. C1 [Todri, A.; Turqueti, M.; Rivera, R.; Kwan, S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Todri, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM atodri@fnal.gov; turqueti@fnal.gov; rrivera@fnal.gov; swalk@fnal.gov RI Todri-Sanial, Aida/M-5156-2013 OI Todri-Sanial, Aida/0000-0001-8573-2910 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1208 EP 1211 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402390 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100261 ER PT S AU Mattingly, J AF Mattingly, John BE Yu, B TI Computation of Neutron Multiplicity Statistics using Deterministic Transport SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID ISOTOPES; ASSAY AB Nuclear nonproliferation efforts are supported by measurements that are capable of rapidly characterizing special nuclear materials (SNM). Neutron multiplicity counting is frequently used to estimate properties of SNM, including neutron source strength, multiplication, and generation time. Different classes of model have been used to estimate these and other properties from the measured neutron counting distribution and its statistics. This paper describes a technique to compute statistics of the neutron counting distribution using deterministic neutron transport models. This approach can be applied to rapidly and accurately analyze neutron multiplicity counting measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mattingly, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jkmatti@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1350 EP 1355 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402335 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100291 ER PT S AU Goda, JM Ianakiev, KD Moss, CE AF Goda, Joetta M. Ianakiev, Kiril D. Moss, Cal E. BE Yu, B TI Development of a Model of an X-ray Tube Transmission Source SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB In support of the development of an x-ray tube based source for transmission measurements of UF(6) gas, we have developed a one-dimensional, spreadsheet-based model of the source. Starting with the spectrum produced by an x-ray tube we apply the linear attenuation coefficients for various notch filters, the aluminum pipe, and UF(6) gas. This model allows calculation of the transmitted spectrum based on the type of filter, the thickness of the filter, the x-ray tube high voltage, the Al pipe thickness, and the UF(6) gas pressure. The sensitivity of the magnitude of the transmission peak produced by the notch filter to any of these variables can be explored quickly and easily to narrow the choices for experimental measurements. To validate the spreadsheet based model, comparisons have been made to various experimental data. C1 [Goda, Joetta M.; Moss, Cal E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goda, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Technol Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgoda@lanl.gov; ianakiev@lanl.gov; cmoss@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1396 EP 1398 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402327 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100300 ER PT S AU Stonehill, LC Salacka, JS Owens, IJ Rabin, MW Shirey, R Thompson, DC Siegmund, OHW Tremsin, AS Vallerga, JV AF Stonehill, Laura C. Salacka, Joanna S. Owens, Israel J. Rabin, Michael W. Shirey, Robert Thompson, David C. Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Tremsin, Anton S. Vallerga, John V. BE Yu, B TI Cross-Strip Anodes for High-Rate Single-Photon Imaging SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Novel microchannel plate (MCP) imaging detectors using cross strip (XS) anodes have been developed recently and demonstrated to be capable of position resolution better than ten microns, nanosecond timing accuracy, and event rates of greater than 3 x 10(5) counts per second. These detectors use charge division and centroiding of MCP charge signals directed onto two orthogonal layers of sensing anode strips to encode event position, event time, and signal amplitude. In this paper, we describe measurements designed to understand the maximum possible event rates that such detectors are capable of handling. For these measurements, the signals from each strip (32 on each axis for the anode discussed here) are sent to a preamplifier ASIC that outputs shaped unipolar pulses with 40 ns rise time and 200 ns fall time, which are then digitized at 62.5 mega-samples per second and written to disk. Offline analysis is performed on long data records (up to 25 milliseconds) containing many individual events at event rates up to 10(8) counts per second with different spatial distributions over the detector area. We present analysis algorithms and results on our measured ability to resolve events spatially and temporally as the event rate is increased. We also briefly discuss future plans to develop compact, fieldable systems based on this XS anode technology for a variety of applications, from astronomy to remote sensing. C1 [Stonehill, Laura C.; Salacka, Joanna S.; Owens, Israel J.; Rabin, Michael W.; Shirey, Robert; Thompson, David C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stonehill, LC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1417 EP 1421 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402316 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100306 ER PT S AU Derenzo, SE Bizarri, GA AF Derenzo, Stephen E. Bizarri, Gregory A. BE Yu, B TI Empirical Estimation of Band Gaps, and Ce(3+) and Eu(2+) Absorption Energies for New Radiation Detector Materials SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB The number of possible crystalline materials is vast and few have been explored as radiation detector materials. In this work we present an empirical approach for estimating band gaps, and Ce(3+) and Eu(2+) absorption energies of compounds using only their chemical formulas. The result would be useful in identifying candidate semiconductor detector materials (band gap between 1.5 and 2.5 eV) and Ce(3+) and Eu(2+) activated scintillator detector materials (low band gap that is greater than the activator absorption energy). C1 [Derenzo, Stephen E.; Bizarri, Gregory A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94564 USA. RP Derenzo, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94564 USA. EM SEDerenzo@lbl.gov; GABizarri@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1537 EP 1541 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402273 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100334 ER PT S AU Derenzo, SE Bizarri, GA AF Derenzo, Stephen E. Bizarri, Gregory A. BE Yu, B TI Empirical Estimation of Band Gaps, and Ce(3+) and Eu(2+) Absorption Energies for New Radiation Detector Materials SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB The number of possible crystalline materials is vast and few have been explored as radiation detector materials. In this work we present an empirical approach for estimating band gaps, and Ce(3+) and Eu(2+) absorption energies of compounds using only their chemical formulas. The result would be useful in identifying candidate semiconductor detector materials (band gap between 1.5 and 2.5 eV) and Ce(3+) and Eu(2+) activated scintillator detector materials (low band gap that is greater than the activator absorption energy). C1 [Derenzo, Stephen E.; Bizarri, Gregory A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Derenzo, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SEDerenzo@lbl.gov; GABizarri@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1547 EP 1551 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402275 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100336 ER PT S AU Gundiah, G Bourret-Courchesne, E Bizarri, G Hanrahan, SM Chaudhry, A Canning, A Moses, WW Derenzo, SE AF Gundiah, Gautam Bourret-Courchesne, Edith Bizarri, Gregory Hanrahan, Stephen M. Chaudhry, Anurag Canning, Andrew Moses, William W. Derenzo, Stephen E. BE Yu, B TI Scintillation properties of Eu(2+)-activated barium fluoroiodide SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE DE barium fluoroiodide; BaFI; europium; gamma-ray detection; scintillators ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION SCINTILLATOR; INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; LACL3 AB The scintillation properties of powders and single-crystals of BaFI doped with Eu(2+) are presented. Single crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman technique. Under optical and X-ray excitation, the samples exhibit a narrow Eu(2+) 5d-4f transition emission centered at 405 nm. The scintillation light output is estimated to be 55,000 +/- 5,000 photons/MeV at 662 keV with 85% of the light decaying within 600 ns. An energy resolution of 8.5% full width at half maximum (FWHM) has been achieved using this scintillator for 662 keV excitation ((137)Cs source) at room temperature. C1 [Gundiah, Gautam; Bizarri, Gregory; Hanrahan, Stephen M.; Chaudhry, Anurag; Moses, William W.; Derenzo, Stephen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gundiah, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GGundiah@lbl.gov; EDBourret@lbl.gov; GABizarri@lbl.gov; SMHanrahan@lbl.gov; AChaudhry@lbl.gov; ACanning@lbl.gov; WWMoses@lbl.gov; SEDerenzo@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1575 EP 1578 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402265 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100343 ER PT S AU Drury, OB Cherepy, NJ Hurst, TA Payne, SA AF Drury, Owen B. Cherepy, Nerine J. Hurst, Thomas A. Payne, Stephen A. BE Yu, B TI Garnet Scintillator-Based Devices for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We are developing scintillator based gamma-ray spectrometers for homeland security and safeguards applications. Improving the energy resolution of such scintillator detectors enables the development of more accurate and effective instruments. We have characterized the response of several Ce doped garnet scintillators using radioactive sources. These garnet scintillators have multiple decay components. We have acquired pulse height spectra using conventional analog electronics as well as digital electronics with additional post-processing. By making use of the long decay components, energy resolution can be improved. We are working to implement the inclusion of the long decay times into real-time processing algorithms. C1 [Drury, Owen B.; Cherepy, Nerine J.; Hurst, Thomas A.; Payne, Stephen A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Drury, OB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM drury2@llnl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1585 EP 1587 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402267 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100345 ER PT S AU Li, Z AF Li, Zheng BE Yu, B TI Contributions of Electrons and Holes to Total Collected Charge in Heavily Irradiated Si Pad and Strip/Pixel Detectors: A Comparison Simulation Study SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID SILICON AB A simplified approach to compare quantitatively the contributions of electrons and holes to the total collected charge in heavily irradiated Si pad detectors and strip/pixel detectors has been carried out in this study. By applying a step function to approximate the weighting field and a step function to approximate the linear- and/or double junction-electric field, in the detector, one can obtain analytical solutions of total collected charge and contributions from electrons and hole for irradiated Si detectors with various electric field and weighting field profiles. Although the results do not exactly replicate the situation in a real detector, they qualitatively and quantitatively explain the contributions of electrons and holes in various detectors with different segmentation- and field-profiles. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhengl@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1601 EP 1618 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402254 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100349 ER PT S AU Rehak, P Chen, W Carini, GA Chuang, HF De Geronimo, G Dong, B Gaskin, JA Keister, J Li, Z Ramsey, BD Siddons, DP AF Rehak, Pavel Chen, Wei Carini, Gabriella A. Chuang, Hui-Fang De Geronimo, Gianluigi Dong, Bin Gaskin, Jessica A. Keister, Jeffrey Li, Zheng Ramsey, Brian D. Siddons, D. Peter BE Yu, B TI Comparison of Two Different Methods to Produce Thin-Window Silicon Drift Detectors SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We have developed a new method to produce thin-entrance-window Silicon Drift Detectors. To produce the desired thin-entrance-window a double implantation was used. This implantation consists of Boron ions (dose of 1x10(14)/cm(2) at 10 keV) plus a second implant of Phosphorus ions (with a dose of 4x10(12)/cm(2) at 50 keV or dose of 9x10(11)/cm(2) at 80 keV) through 500 angstrom of silicon dioxide. The second Phosphorus implantation compensates for the tail portion of the Boron ion implantation, so that the net Boron ion distribution will result in a thinner "dead" silicon layer and an elevated electric field near the silicon surface. We will compare test results from this newly developed thin-window with those from our previous development, where the thin junction was created using a single implantation of Boron ions (dose of 1x10(14)/cm(2) at 10 keV) through a 500 angstrom thick silicon dioxide. All testing was done in the U3C beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. C1 [Rehak, Pavel; Chen, Wei; Carini, Gabriella A.; De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Keister, Jeffrey; Li, Zheng; Siddons, D. Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM weichen@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1777 EP 1782 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402203 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101023 ER PT S AU Lee, HL Madden, T Fernandez, P Lee, B Seifert, S Weizeorick, J Molitsky, M AF Lee, Hok-ling Madden, Timothy Fernandez, Patricia Lee, Byeongdu Seifert, Soenke Weizeorick, John Molitsky, Michael BE Yu, B TI Kodak CCD-Based Detector for Small Angle X-Ray Scattering SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The Beam line Technical Support Group (BTS) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has developed two CCD detector systems (the Single and Quad Platinum systems), for x-ray diffraction and imaging experiments. Both of these systems, optimized for sensitivity toward x-ray photons, utilize the Kodak KAF-4320E CCD coupled to fiber-optic tapers, custom mechanical hardware, electronics, and software systems developed at the APS. Each CCD is composed of similar to 2k x 2k 25-mu m-sized pixels, providing a total active detector area of 168 mm x 168 mm. In fast mode with 4 x 4 binning, the Quad system can reach a rate of 5 frames per second (fps). The sensitivity of the detector has been enhanced by using tapers with low demagnification ratio (1.78) and CCDs with high quantum efficiency. The sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range have made the detectors suitable for a wide range of synchrotron experiment, in particular, small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS data from the x-ray scattering of silver behenate powder have been used to demonstrate the performance of the detector. C1 [Lee, Hok-ling; Madden, Timothy; Fernandez, Patricia; Lee, Byeongdu; Seifert, Soenke; Weizeorick, John] Argonne Natl Lab, XSD Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, HL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, XSD Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jlee@aps.anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1807 EP 1810 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402194 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101031 ER PT S AU Lee, D Cowee, M Fenimore, E Galassi, M Looker, Q Vogan-McNeil, W Stonehill, L Wallace, M AF Lee, Dongwon Cowee, Misa Fenimore, Ed Galassi, Mark Looker, Quinn Vogan-McNeil, Wendy Stonehill, Laura Wallace, Mark BE Yu, B TI Three-Dimensional Imaging of Hidden Objects Using Positron Emission Backscatter SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; PET AB Positron emission backscatter imaging is a technique for interrogation and three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of hidden objects when we only have access to the objects from one side. Using time-of-flight differences in detected direct and backscattered positron-emitted photons, we construct 3-D images of target objects. Recently at Los Alamos National Laboratory, a fully three-dimensional imaging system has been built and the experimental results are discussed in this paper. Quantitative analysis of images reconstructed in both two- and three-dimensions are also presented. C1 [Lee, Dongwon; Cowee, Misa; Fenimore, Ed; Galassi, Mark; Looker, Quinn; Vogan-McNeil, Wendy; Stonehill, Laura; Wallace, Mark] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwlee@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1894 EP 1896 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402164 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101052 ER PT S AU Deptuch, G Demarteau, M Hoff, J Lipton, R Shenai, A Trimpl, M Yarema, R Zimmerman, T AF Deptuch, Grzegorz Demarteau, Marcel Hoff, James Lipton, Ronald Shenai, Alpana Trimpl, Marcel Yarema, Raymond Zimmerman, Tom BE Yu, B TI Vertically Integrated Circuits at Fermilab SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID 3D INTEGRATION; DETECTORS; CHIP AB The exploration of the vertically integrated circuits, also commonly known as 3D-IC technology, for applications in radiation detection started at Fermi lab in 2006. This paper examines the opportunities that vertical integration offers by looking at various 3D designs that have been completed by Fermi lab. The emphasis is on opportunities that are presented by through silicon vias (TSV), wafer and circuit thinning and finally fusion bonding techniques to replace conventional bump bonding. Early work by Fermi lab has led to an international consortium for the development of 3D-IC circuits for High Energy Physics. The consortium has submitted over 25 different designs for the Fermi lab organized MPW run organized for the first time. C1 [Deptuch, Grzegorz; Hoff, James; Shenai, Alpana; Trimpl, Marcel; Yarema, Raymond; Zimmerman, Tom] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, ASIC Dev Grp, Dept Elect Engn, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Deptuch, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, ASIC Dev Grp, Dept Elect Engn, Particle Phys Div, BP 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM deptuch@ieee.org; demarteau@fnal.gov; jhoff@fnal.gov; lipton@fnal.gov; shenai@fnal.gov; trimpl@fnal.gov; yarema@fnal.gov; zimmerman@fnal.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1907 EP 1915 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402167 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101055 ER PT S AU Rescia, S Radeka, V AF Rescia, S. Radeka, V. BE Yu, B TI Effect of Sense Wire Resistance on Readout Noise of Large Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Large Liquid Argon (LAr) Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) are becoming very attractive for long baseline neutrino and proton decay experiments because of their imaging capabilities and their excellent energy resolution. In the design of large LTPCs, with wire lengths of several meters (similar to 5m, and up to 10-20m for proposed multi-kiloton detectors), the noise generated by the resistance of the wire needs to be taken into account. The wire cannot be modeled simply as a capacitance connected to the preamplifier: its resistance, coupled capacitively to adjacent wires constitutes a distributed RC diffusive line, which injects a noise current into the preamplifier. It will be shown that for most practical cases the noise source can be modeled as an equivalent noise generator corresponding to a resistance of R(wire)/3, in series to an impedance equal to the wire capacitance. This simple models allows the use the familiar formulas for the noise analysis of capacitive sources. The wire resistance noise for a typical 5m long, 150 mu m stainless steel wire (3mm wire spacing, and 3mm wire planes separation) increases the total noise by about 20% at 1 mu s shaping time, and becomes dominant for wire lengths >10m. It can be reduced by plating the stainless steel wire with high electrical conductivity metals. C1 [Rescia, S.; Radeka, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rescia, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Rescia@bnl.gov; Radeka@bnl.gov RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1932 EP 1935 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402155 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101060 ER PT S AU Marleau, P Brennan, J Brubaker, E Hilton, N Steele, J AF Marleau, Peter Brennan, James Brubaker, Erik Hilton, Nathan Steele, John BE Yu, B TI Active Coded Aperture Neutron Imaging SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Because of their penetrating power, energetic neutrons and gamma rays (>similar to 1 MeV) offer the best possibility of detecting highly shielded or distant special nuclear material (SNM). Of these, fast neutrons offer the greatest advantage due to their very low and well understood natural background. We are investigating a wholly new approach to fast-neutron imaging an active coded-aperture system that uses a coded mask composed of neutron detectors. The only previously demonstrated method for long-range fast neutron imaging is double-scatter imaging. Active coded-aperture neutron imaging should offer a highly efficient alternative for improved detection speed, range, and sensitivity. We will describe our detector including design considerations and present initial results from a lab prototype. C1 [Marleau, Peter; Brennan, James; Brubaker, Erik; Hilton, Nathan; Steele, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marleau, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pmarlea@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1974 EP 1977 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402146 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101068 ER PT S AU McKinnon, AD Bass, RB Elder, MS Johnson, ML AF McKinnon, A. David Bass, Robert B. Elder, Matthew S. Johnson, Michelle L. BE Yu, B TI Design and Implementation of a Radiation Portal Monitor Multi-Lane Simulator SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Deploying radiation portal monitors (RPMs) at U.S. ports of entry requires an understanding of an RPM system's performance at sites with a large number of RPMs. This paper describes an RPM Multi-Lane Simulator that has been designed and implemented to simulate vehicle traffic at these sites. The Simulator's flexible architecture simulates vehicle traffic with its associated radiation profiles and emulates each RPM's radiation sensor panels. The RPM vendor's embedded control computer firmware and supervisory software are left unchanged, thereby enabling hardware-in-the-loop testing of RPM system performance in configurations that exceed what is experienced in the field. The Simulator has proven to be a valuable and cost effective performance testing tool used by both Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and U.S. Customs and Border Protection systems integration and testing staff. C1 [McKinnon, A. David; Bass, Robert B.; Elder, Matthew S.; Johnson, Michelle L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McKinnon, AD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.mckinnon@pnl.gov; robert.bass@pnl.gov; matthew.elder@pnl.gov; michelle.johnson@pnl.gov OI McKinnon, Archibald/0000-0002-3963-783X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2087 EP 2091 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402116 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101089 ER PT S AU Carini, GA Dragone, A Chen, W Fried, J Kuczewski, A Li, Z Mead, J O'Connor, P Pratte, JF Rehak, P Wolniewicz, K Siddons, DP AF Carini, Gabriella A. Dragone, Angelo Chen, Wei Fried, Jack Kuczewski, Anthony Li, Zheng Mead, Joseph O'Connor, Paul Pratte, Jean-Francois Rehak, Pavel Wolniewicz, Kevin Siddons, D. Peter BE Yu, B TI The XAMPS detector for the X-ray Pump-Probe instrument at LCLS SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID HIGH-RESISTIVITY SILICON; ACTIVE PIXEL SENSORS AB An integrating fast readout detector is being developed for the X-ray Pump Probe (XPP) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The detector is based on X-ray Active Matrix Pixel Sensors (XAMPS) with their dedicated readout ASICs. It covers a dynamic range of more than 10,000 photons of 8 keV energy with a resolution better than half photon FWHM. The frame of 1024 x 1024 pixels will be read out within the repetition rate of the X-ray laser pulses which will be as fast as 120 Hz. The structure of the sensor allows full fill factor and similar to 100% efficiency at the energy of interest. C1 [Carini, Gabriella A.; Chen, Wei; Fried, Jack; Kuczewski, Anthony; Li, Zheng; Mead, Joseph; O'Connor, Paul; Rehak, Pavel; Siddons, D. Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM carini@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2151 EP 2153 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402094 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101101 ER PT S AU Keister, JW Smedley, J Dimitrov, D Busby, R AF Keister, Jeffrey W. Smedley, John Dimitrov, Dimitre Busby, Richard BE Yu, B TI Charge Collection and Propagation in Diamond X-Ray Detectors SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB Diamond is a unique material for x-ray energy conversion. Its high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion make it ideal for high heat load environments. However, its large bandgap, while offering insensitivity to visible light, makes charge trapping more likely (thermal detrapping less likely) than in silicon; energy conversion efficiency is also 3-4 times less even under the best conditions. High material strength and x-ray transmission also are potentially useful features for certain applications in x-ray science. Limitations to charge collection efficiency such as recombination and charge trapping have been investigated quantitatively using quasi-continuous tunable synchrotron radiation under flexible biasing schemes as well using detailed Monte Carlo Simulations. In the case of charge collection efficiency, the magnitude of the applied field, initial particle energy, and probe depth are adjusted. The diffusion and drift of photo-generated charge clouds are explicitly considered for the specific energy loss behavior of diamond. While recombination loss at the entrance window of diamond diodes is qualitatively similar to a treatment for an additional "dead" carbon window layer, the observed field and photon energy dependence implies that the more sophisticated model is more correct quantitatively. In addition, charge propagation in diamond is unique in that photoconductive gain is possible. Effectively, charge trapping of one carrier leads to screening of the applied field. In order to avoid photoconductive gain, either blocking contacts or explicit detrapping is required. Quantitative analysis of photoconductive gain as a function of applied field, x-ray power, waveform and photon energy offers insight into the fundamental limitations of state of the art single crystal diamond. Simple models are proposed to assist in extrapolating the observed behavior towards useful detector devices. C1 [Keister, Jeffrey W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Keister, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jkeister@bnl.gov; smedley@bnl.gov; dad@txcorp.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2154 EP 2157 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402095 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101102 ER PT S AU Lewis, P Cooper, G Trouw, F Barr, D Knickerbocker, K Shapiro, A AF Lewis, P. Cooper, G. Trouw, F. Barr, D. Knickerbocker, K. Shapiro, A. BE Yu, B TI Neutron Scattering Data Acquisition and Control Upgrades at the Lujan Center SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The Lujan Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory's Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is a spallation neutron source where research in materials, physics, and biological sciences is conducted on time-of-flight neutron scattering spectrometers. Execution of an experiment on a Lujan Center neutron spectrometer involves measurement of the neutrons scattered from the sample and the control of the associated sample environment and beam line equipment. The present data acquisition and control architecture was developed in the late 1990s and put into production in 2001. We have recently reevaluated our present systems and architecture and embarked on upgrades in several key areas. These upgrades include moving from a Windows/VxWorks data acquisition environment to a uniform Linux-based environment for both host and distributed processors. We abandoned our previous higher-level xUML-based software development methodology and moved to a more conventional approach based on open source tools. Finally, we have begun to migrate the control software for our sample environment equipment from Labview to EPICS to take advantage of the stability and networking integration it provides. The upgrades were used initially on three instruments in 2008 and expanded to five instruments in 2009. We plan a phased roll out to the remaining instruments over the next two years. C1 [Lewis, P.; Cooper, G.; Trouw, F.; Barr, D.; Knickerbocker, K.; Shapiro, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lewis, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM lewis@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2217 EP 2220 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402075 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101116 ER PT S AU Weisenberger, AG Kross, B McKisson, J Stolin, A Zorn, C Howell, CR Crowell, AS Reid, CD Majewski, S Smith, MF AF Weisenberger, A. G. Kross, B. McKisson, J. Stolin, A. Zorn, C. Howell, C. R. Crowell, A. S. Reid, C. D. Majewski, S. Smith, M. F. BE Yu, B TI Positron Emission Tomography Detector Development for Plant Biology SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID CARBON; SYSTEM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BARLEY; ROOTS AB There are opportunities for the development of new tools to advance plant biology research through the use of radionuclides. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Duke University, West Virginia University and the University of Maryland are collaborating on the development of radionuclide imaging technologies to facilitate plant biology research. Biological research into optimizing plant productivity under various environmental constraints, biofuel and carbon sequestration research are areas that could potentially benefit from new imaging technologies. Using (11)CO(2) tracers, the investigators at Triangle University Nuclear Laboratory / Duke University Phytotron are currently researching the dynamical responses of plants to environmental changes forecasted from increasing greenhouse trace gases involved in global change. The biological research primary focus is to investigate the impact of elevated atmospheric CO(2) and nutrients limitation on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in plants. We report here on preliminary results of (11)CO(2) plant imaging experiments involving barley plants using Jefferson Lab dual planar positron emission tomography detectors to image (11)CO(2) in live barley plants. New detector designs will be developed based on the preliminary studies reported here and further planned. C1 [Weisenberger, A. G.; Kross, B.; McKisson, J.; Stolin, A.; Zorn, C.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. EM drew@jlab.org; howell@tunl.duke.edu; smajewski@hsc.wvu.edu; msmith7@umm.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2323 EP 2328 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402259 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101139 ER PT S AU Boutchko, R Reutter, BW Budinger, TF Taylor, S O'Neil, J Moses, WW Gullberg, GT AF Boutchko, Rostyslav Reutter, Bryan W. Budinger, Thomas F. Taylor, Scott O'Neil, James Moses, William W. Gullberg, Grant T. BE Yu, B TI Radiotracer Medical Imaging Technologies Applied To Environmental Remediation Systems SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We demonstrate an alternate application of high-sensitivity radiotracer imaging technologies developed for nuclear medical imaging. There are several available radioisotopes, namely (51)Cr and (99m)Tc, that are particularly appealing for studying environmental remediation techniques, notably for modeling toxic element runoff through the soil near former nuclear facilities such as the Hanford reactors in Washington state (USA). (52)Cr (stable) and (99)Tc (2.3x10(6) year half-life) are important reactor-generated contaminants that have entered the groundwater. There are numerous studies being conducted to model transport of these compounds in different types of soil such as sand, clay, dirt and gravel. The speed and character of contaminant transport through medium depends on chemical composition of the particles, chemical composition of water, physical properties of the medium (particle size, homogeneity, temperature) and on content of different types of microorganisms. Measurements are typically performed by flowing water containing (52)Cr or (99)Tc through sediment columns (tubes a few cm in diameter and 0.5-1 meter long) and monitoring the in-and out- flows of contaminants. We will support the effort to develop different methods of reducing the contaminant transport speed by using SPECT imaging to study transport of the single-photon emitting surrogates (51)Cr and (99)mTc. By quantitatively imaging the contaminant distribution in the sediment column as a function of time, a much richer set of data can be obtained. We will compare contaminant transport in various media under different conditions including standard diffusion and flow at different speeds and volumes. Experimental work will be supplemented with theoretical analysis and modeling of transport processes, including studies of diffusion and chemical exchange using a standard multi-compartment model. In this conference record, we present the results of two studies of technetium 99m transport in hydrated sand, including both planar and tomographic SPECT images of the columns acquired at different conditions. C1 [Boutchko, Rostyslav; Reutter, Bryan W.; Budinger, Thomas F.; Taylor, Scott; O'Neil, James; Moses, William W.; Gullberg, Grant T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boutchko, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RBuchko@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2334 EP 2337 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101141 ER PT S AU Stolin, AV Weisenberger, AG McKisson, JE Majewski, S AF Stolin, Alexander V. Weisenberger, Andrew G. McKisson, John E. Majewski, Stan BE Yu, B TI Feasibility Study of Using Detection of Direct Positrons in Plant Imaging Research SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID SYSTEM AB While nuclear methods find application in plant biology there are very limited amount of instrumentation that is geared to the unique challenges that plant biology presents. Mostly researchers are utilizing devices created for clinical and preclinical imaging. The majority of the biologically significant elements involved in plant formation have positron emitting isotopes, making positron emission tomography a naturally fitting imaging modality. One particular caveat in using PET instrumentation in plant imaging is extremely small thickness of the leaf as an annihilation medium for emitted positrons. For positron energies around 1MeV (as in case of C-11), about 1 mm of water equivalent material is required for positron conversion, so most of the positrons would not annihilate inside the leaf, therefore limiting both sensitivity and spatial resolution of the imaging system. In this work we made an attempt of determining whether direct imaging of positrons could be beneficial in plant biology studies. We compared performance of direct positron detector with a planar PET system. Detection efficiency ratio of similar to 650 in favor of direct positron detection system was measured. Direct comparison of spatial resolutions yielded comparable numbers for a setup, when a phantom was placed directly onto the entrance window of the positron detector. We also determined quick deterioration of spatial resolution as a function of source to detector distance. The last observation makes it necessary to maintain close proximity of the object to the detector, but this condition can be met in plant biology study. C1 [Stolin, Alexander V.; Weisenberger, Andrew G.; McKisson, John E.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Stolin, AV (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. EM stolin@jlab.org; drew@jlab.org; mckisson@jlab.org; majewski@hsc.wvu.edu NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2338 EP 2341 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402250 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101142 ER PT S AU Purschke, ML Southekal, SS Ravindranath, B AF Purschke, M. L. Southekal, S. S. Ravindranath, B. BE Yu, B TI Massively Parallel Image Reconstruction for the BNL Breast Scanner PET Tomograph using CUDA SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB We describe the implementation of an image reconstruction algorithm using the parallel processing capabilities of graphics processors. We are designing a new breast scanner which will allow simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI images. The breast scanner is based on the technology of the much smaller RatCAP PET detector. The image reconstruction of the breast scanner poses a significant computing challenge, which we hope to alleviate with the processing power of modern GPUs. We describe the status of the reconstruction and discuss goals and future possible improvements. C1 [Purschke, M. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Purschke, ML (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2374 EP 2375 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402199 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101151 ER PT S AU Goddard, JS Baba, JS Lee, SJ Weisenberger, AG Stolin, A McKisson, J Smith, MF AF Goddard, J. S. Baba, J. S. Lee, S. J. Weisenberger, A. G. Stolin, A. McKisson, J. Smith, M. F. BE Yu, B TI Intrinsic Feature Pose Measurement for Awake Animal SPECT Imaging SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB New developments have been made in optical motion tracking for awake animal imaging that measures 3D position and orientation (pose) for a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging system. Ongoing SPECT imaging research has been directed towards head motion measurement for brain studies in awake, unrestrained mice. In contrast to previous results using external markers, this work extracts and tracks intrinsic features from multiple camera images and computes relative pose from the tracked features over time. Motion tracking thus far has been limited to measuring extrinsic features such as retro-reflective markers applied to the mouse's head. While this approach has been proven to be accurate, the additional animal handling required to attach the markers is undesirable. A significant improvement in the procedure is achieved by measuring the pose of the head without extrinsic markers using only the external surface appearance. This approach is currently being developed with initial results presented here. The intrinsic features measurement extracts discrete, sparse natural features from 2D images such as eyes, nose, mouth and other visible structures. Stereo correspondence between features for a camera pair is determined for calculation of 3D positions. These features are also tracked over time to provide continuity for surface model fitting. Experimental results from live images are presented. C1 [Goddard, J. S.; Baba, J. S.; Lee, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goddard, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goddardjsjr@ornl.gov; drew@jlab.org; msmith7@umm.edu RI Lee, Seung Joon/M-8163-2013 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2557 EP 2560 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402024 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101191 ER PT S AU Huber, JS Hanrahan, SM Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Reutter, BW O'Neil, JP Gullberg, GT AF Huber, J. S. Hanrahan, S. M. Moses, W. W. Derenzo, S. E. Reutter, B. W. O'Neil, J. P. Gullberg, G. T. BE Yu, B TI Development of a High-Sensitivity Radiation Detector for Chromatography SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE ID PERFORMANCE; TOMOGRAPH AB Radionuclide techniques will be increasingly important for the development of biofuels, since they can both uniquely characterize metabolic pathways and image large model systems. We are investigating the application of nuclear medical imaging tools and techniques to biofuel development, using high-sensitivity chromatographic radiation detectors and compounds radiolabeled with short-lived, cyclotron-produced, positron-emitting isotopes (e.g., (11)C). The application of high-sensitivity radiation detectors to standard chromatographic techniques should allow for the measurement of numerous pathway constituents whose levels normally fall below detection limits of conventional instrumentation. In this paper, we describe a proposed parallel-plane PET camera designed for HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) with over 40 times greater sensitivity than a conventional HPLC radiation detector; this PET camera could be used to image radioactivity in the HPLC exit tube or column. We also present results using a high-sensitivity HPLC radiation detector comprised of 8 HR+ PET detector modules arranged into a parallel plane and read out with HRRT electronics. This high-sensitivity radiation detector was placed in line after a conventional HPLC radiation detector (a small CsI:Tl scintillator crystal coupled to a PIN photodiode). If we inject 9.3 mu Ci of [(18)F]FDG into the HPLC system, we see similarly shaped peaks with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio from both radiation detectors. If we inject only 4.1 nCi of [(18)F]FDG, we measure a signal-to-noise ratio of 27:1 with the high-sensitivity radiation detector and about 3:1 for the conventional radiation detector. We have therefore demonstrated that a high-sensitivity radiation detector, using a parallel-plane PET camera, could become an important tool for fundamental biofuel research. C1 [Huber, J. S.; Hanrahan, S. M.; Moses, W. W.; Derenzo, S. E.; Reutter, B. W.; O'Neil, J. P.; Gullberg, G. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huber, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jshuber@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 2620 EP 2624 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505101203 ER PT S AU Lee, SJ Baba, JS Goddard, JS Stolin, A McKisson, J Weisenberger, AG Smith, MF AF Lee, S. J. Baba, J. S. Goddard, J. S. Stolin, A. McKisson, J. Weisenberger, A. G. Smith, M. F. BE Yu, B TI Effect of geometric and motion tracking error for awake small animal SPECT SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB A series of simulation studies were performed to evaluate the effects of geometric and motion tracking errors on reconstruction image quality for a single pinhole collimator awake animal imaging SPECT system. List-mode SPECT data generated using a custom Monte Carlo program that incorporated experimental mouse motion data were reconstructed by MLEM with Siddon's ray tracing. To better understand the impact of motion tracking and system geometric parameter errors on reconstructed system data, an offset of up to 1 mm or degree was separately applied to each for evaluation. In the absence of motion tracking or system geometric error, the applied motion compensation algorithm successfully reconstructed volumes without any degradation or distortion. Presented results reveal that motion tracking errors propagate through the SPECT reconstruction process. However, it is confirmed that the impact of tracking errors in the currently employed motion tracking system, is minimal because of their accuracy. The results also reveal the direct and indirect impact of geometric errors to motion compensated reconstruction quality and that a wrong assumption of pinhole transaxial position produces the most amount of distortion of all the investigated errors. Finally, system geometric errors are shown to have a greater impact on reconstruction quality than equivalent tracking errors. C1 [Lee, S. J.; Baba, J. S.; Goddard, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM babajs@ornl.gov; msmith7@umm.edu RI Lee, Seung Joon/M-8163-2013 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3415 EP 3419 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401773 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505102010 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Boutchko, R Huesman, RH Sauve, AC Gullberg, GT AF Reutter, Bryan W. Boutchko, Rostyslav Huesman, Ronald H. Sauve, Anne C. Gullberg, Grant T. BE Yu, B TI Tissue Spillover Correction for Dynamic Pinhole SPECT Studies of Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Rat Heart SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The goal of this research is to quantitatively compare fatty acid metabolism in the hearts of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normal rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a function of age, and thereby track physiological changes associated with the onset and progression of heart failure in the SHR model. The fatty acid analog, (123)I-labeled BMIPP, was used in longitudinal dynamic pinhole SPECT imaging studies performed on two WKY normal rats and two SHRs every seven months for 21 months. In previous work, we addressed issues associated with reconstructing dynamic data acquired with a slowly rotating camera. In this work, we address quantitative effects of limited spatial resolution that result in underestimation of metabolic rate from compartmental models. In particular, blurring of activity between the left ventricular blood pool and surrounding myocardial tissue decreases contrast between blood input and tissue uptake time-activity curves (TACs). Standard compartmental modeling straightforwardly accounts for spillover of blood activity into tissue volumes. However, accounting for spillover of tissue activity into blood volumes is more problematic. Because of tissue spillover, there is no reconstructed voxel that contains a pure blood TAC. Thus, we developed a method to jointly estimate the pure blood input along with compartmental model parameters from B-spline TACs reconstructed directly from dynamic SPECT projection data for 11 studies. Tissue spillover correction improved the contrast between blood input and myocardial uptake curves for all studies and visually improved the fit of the compartmental model for some studies. Estimates of metabolic rate of (123)I-labeled BMIPP increased by an average of 72 +/- 45% across all 11 studies, compared to estimates obtained without spillover correction. Thus, the tissue spillover correction method resulted in improved quantitative dynamic imaging of fatty acid metabolism in the rat heart, even with slow camera rotation. C1 [Reutter, Bryan W.; Boutchko, Rostyslav; Huesman, Ronald H.; Sauve, Anne C.; Gullberg, Grant T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Radiotracer Dev & Imaging Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Radiotracer Dev & Imaging Technol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bwreutter@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3442 EP 3445 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401782 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505102016 ER PT S AU Moses, WW Buckley, S Vu, C Peng, Q Pavlov, N Choong, WS Wu, J Jackson, C AF Moses, W. W. Buckley, S. Vu, C. Peng, Q. Pavlov, N. Choong, W. -S. Wu, J. Jackson, C. BE Yu, B TI OpenPET: A Flexible Electronics System for Radiotracer Imaging SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE DE PET; SPECT; electronics ID FRONT-END ELECTRONICS; PET SCANNER; DESIGN; TOF AB We present the design for OpenPET, an electronics readout system designed for prototype radiotracer imaging instruments. The critical requirements are that it have sufficient performance, channel count, channel density, and power consumption to service a complete camera, and yet be simple, flexible, and customizable enough to be used with almost any detector or camera design. A unique feature of this system is that each analog input is processed independently. Each input can be configured to accept signals of either polarity as well as either differential or ground referenced signals. Each signal is digitized by a continuously sampled ADC, which is processed by an FPGA to extract pulse height information. A leading edge discriminator creates a timing edge that is "time stamped" by a TDC implemented inside the FPGA. This digital information from each channel is sent to an FPGA that services 16 analog channels, and information from multiple channels is processed by this FPGA to perform logic for crystal lookup, DOI calculation, calibration, etc. As this processing is software controlled, it can be modified / customized easily. The system is be open source, meaning that all technical data (specifications, schematics and board layout files, source code, and instructions) will be publicly available. C1 [Moses, W. W.; Vu, C.; Peng, Q.; Choong, W. -S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wwmoses@lbl.gov RI peng, qiyu/G-1586-2013 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 3491 EP 3495 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401797 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505102026 ER PT J AU Lu, N Yang, B Huang, Z Bravo, R AF Lu, N. Yang, B. Huang, Z. Bravo, R. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI The System Impact of Air Conditioner Under-voltage Protection Schemes SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE load models; under-voltage protection; voltage stability; power system simulation AB This paper presents the results of simulating and evaluating an under-voltage protection scheme, which takes stalled air-conditioner (a/c) units offline so that the slow voltage recovery phenomena can be prevented in areas heavily loaded with a/c motors during summer peak periods. First, a three-feeder test-bed was used to quantify the effectiveness of the protection scheme and the sensitivity of the under-voltage relay settings. Then, two real system events from the Western US power grid were simulated to evaluate the area-level impact of the protection scheme proposed by Southern California Edison. The study demonstrates that after 75% or more of the stalled a/c units are disconnected, the feeder voltage recovers in a few seconds, much quicker than the tens of seconds that standard thermal relays need to trip the stalled motor offline. The drawback is that after the voltage recovered, it settles at a higher value than prior to the faults because a large proportion of load is shed. Therefore, the coordination among the capacitor bank operation is recommended to suppress the overvoltage caused by tripping of the a/c motor load. C1 [Lu, N.; Yang, B.; Huang, Z.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bravo, R.] Southern Calif Edison, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; bo.yang@pnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; Richard.Bravo@sce.com FU California Energy Commission [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by California Energy Commission under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Ning Lu, BoYang, and Zhenyu Huang are with the Energy Technology Development, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN: K1-85, Richland, WA - 99352, USA (e-mails: ning.lu@pnl.gov, bo.yang@pnl.gov, zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute. Richard Bravo is with the Southern California Edison, Rosemead, CA-91770, USA (e-mail: Richard.Bravo@sce.com). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 36 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500006 ER PT J AU Huang, ZY Yang, B Kosterev, D AF Huang, Zhenyu Yang, Bo Kosterev, Dmitry GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Benchmarking of Planning Models Using Recorded Dynamics SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Power System Planning; Model Validation; Dynamic Model Benchmarking; Model Calibration; Extended Kalman Filter; Generator Modeling; Phasor Measurement; Wide-Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) ID VALIDATION AB Power system planning extensively uses model simulation to understand the dynamic behaviors and determine the operating limits of a power system. Model quality is key to the safety and reliability of electricity delivery. Planning model benchmarking, or model validation, has been one of the central topics in power engineering studies for years. As model validation aims at obtaining reasonable models to represent dynamic behavior of power system components, it has been essential to validate models against actual measurements. The development of phasor technology provides such measurements and represents a new opportunity for model validation as phasor measurements can capture power system dynamics with high-speed, time-synchronized data. Previously, methods for rigorous comparison of model simulation and recorded dynamics have been developed and applied to quantify model quality of power plants in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). These methods can locate model components which need improvement. Recent work continues this effort and focuses on how model parameters may be calibrated to match recorded dynamics after the problematic model components are identified. A calibration method using Extended Kalman Filter technique is being developed. This paper provides an overview of prior work on model validation and presents new development on the calibration method and initial results of model parameter calibration. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Yang, Bo] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kosterev, Dmitry] Bonneville Power Adm, Vancouver, WA 98662 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; bo.yang@pnl.gov; dnkosterev@bpa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 77 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500012 ER PT J AU Zhou, N Trudnowski, D Pierre, JW AF Zhou, N. Trudnowski, D. Pierre, J. W. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Mode Initialization for On-line Estimation of Power System Electromechanical Modes SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Autoregressive moving average processes; least squares methods; power system identification; power system measurements; power system monitoring; power system parameter estimation; power system stability; recursive estimation; robustness ID PRONY ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SIGNALS; OSCILLATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Measurement-based mode-estimation methods are utilized to estimate electromechanical modes of a power system using phasor measurement units (PMU) data. These methods need to extract a certain amount of information before they can provide a useful mode estimation. Traditionally, the information is gathered solely from measurement data. A priori mode information from other resources (e.g. model eigenvalue analysis, engineering knowledge) are not fully utilized. For real-time applications, this means that the mode estimation takes time to converge. By adding a mode regularization term in the objective function, this paper proposes a mode initialization method to include a priori mode information in a regularized robust recursive least squares (R3LS) algorithm for on-line mode estimation. The proposed method is tested using a simple model, a 17 machine model and is shown to be able to shorten the convergence period of the R3LS algorithm. The proposed method is also applied on the measurement data recorded right before a major power outage in the western North American Grid on August 10(th) 1996 to show its potential application in detecting an approaching small signal stability problem. C1 [Zhou, N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Trudnowski, D.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Pierre, J. W.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.zhou@pnl.gov; DTrudnowski@mtech.edu; pierre@uwyo.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; EPSCoR [DE-FG02-03ER46044, DE-FC26-06NT42750]; BPA [55150]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR under grants DE-FG02-03ER46044 and DE-FC26-06NT42750, by BPA under contract 55150. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 187 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500028 ER PT J AU Muljadi, E Gao, W Carson, R Zheglov, V AF Muljadi, E. Gao, W. Carson, R. Zheglov, V. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Dynamic Simulation of a Hybrid Wind Power System Using RPMSim SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE wind turbine; wind farm; wind power plant; equivalencing; wind energy; aggregation; power systems; system integration; renewable energy; stability analysis; grid integration; voltage stability AB Wind energy has taken off into a new peak in terms of its popularity among other new generation technologies. The socio-economic and environmental benefits impact the general population. A low cost of energy along with grid compatibility can be achieved due to mass production technology, power electronics advancement, and intelligent controllability. This paper attempts to shed the light on many aspects of wind generation with the aim to illustrate the dynamic operation of wind generation. Public domain software called RPMSim is used to perform simulations needed to study different types of inter-actions between the electricity grid and wind power generation. To make this study interesting and yet easy to understand, a hybrid wind power simulation is used as the subject of this paper. A small village with a varying load, a wind turbine with varying wind speed, dump load, and capacitor compensations are elements included in the simulation. This paper is intended to study the small village concept rather than to optimize an existing installation. The balance of real and reactive power and the impact on the frequency and voltage regulation will be illustrated in this paper, and switching events will be used to perturb the system under consideration. C1 [Muljadi, E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gao, W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Carson, R.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Zheglov, V.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Center for Energy Systems Research at Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee. FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Center for Energy Systems Research at Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 299 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500044 ER PT J AU Muljadi, E Nguyen, TB Pai, MA AF Muljadi, E. Nguyen, T. B. Pai, M. A. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Transient Stability of the Grid with a Wind Power Plant SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE wind turbine; wind farm; wind power plant; equivalencing; high penetration; system integration; wind energy; aggregation; power systems; renewable energy; stability analysis AB During recent years, the size of individual wind turbines has grown closer to 10 MW, and the size of wind power plants has increased significantly to 300 MW or more. This growing size of wind power generation requires that careful evaluation of transient stability of the overall grid should be undertaken. This paper attempts to investigate the impact of wind power plant penetration on the transient stability of the grid. Transient stability for different faults is investigated via simulation. A wind power plant with 22 turbines operated in variable speed mode will be used as the test subject of the study. As a comparison, we replace the test subject wind power plant with a conventional wind power plant (synchronous generator) and compare the results for the same faults. C1 [Muljadi, E.] NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nguyen, T. B.] PNNL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Pai, M. A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov; tony.nguyen@pnl.gov; mapai@uiuc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; California Energy Commission; Western Electric Coordinating Council; National Science Foundation [CNS-05 - 40237] FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission, and Western Electric Coordinating Council. The third author acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation through its grant number CNS-05 - 40237. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 312 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500046 ER PT J AU Schneider, KP Chassin, D Chen, Y Fuller, JC AF Schneider, K. P. Chassin, D. Chen, Y. Fuller, J. C. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Distribution Power Flow for Smart Grid Technologies SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE current injection method; distribution system analysis; forward-backward sweep method; power simulation; power modeling; Gauss-Seidel; smart grid AB Smart Grid technologies hold the promise of being able to solve many of the problems currently facing in the electric power industry. However, the large scale deployment of these new technologies has been limited due to an inability to accurately model their effects or to quantify their potential benefits. GridLAB-D is a new open source power system modeling and simulation environment developed by the United States Department of Energy specifically to integrate detailed power systems and end-use models. In order to effectively model the vast array of possible smart grid technologies GridLAB-D was developed as a general simulation environment. This paper describes the basic design concept, the power now solutions implemented, and a detailed example of the type of analysis that can be performed within the simulation environment in order to support the evaluation of smart grid technologies. C1 [Schneider, K. P.; Chassin, D.; Chen, Y.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fuller, J. C.] Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Schneider, KP (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; david.chassin@pnl.gov; Yousu.chen@pnl.gov; jcfuller@tricity.wsu.edu RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 FU Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX This work was funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC05- 76RLO1830. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 479 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500071 ER EF