FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Puente, CE Cortis, A Sivakumar, B AF Puente, Carlos E. Cortis, Andrea Sivakumar, Bellie TI BELLS GALORE: OSCILLATIONS AND CIRCLE-MAP DYNAMICS FROM SPACE-FILLING FRACTAL FUNCTIONS SO FRACTALS-COMPLEX GEOMETRY PATTERNS AND SCALING IN NATURE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Space-Filling Fractal Functions; Gaussian Distribution; Kaleidoscope Decompositions; Oscillations Among Bells ID GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION AB The construction of a host of interesting patterns over one and two dimensions, as transformations of multifractal measures via fractal interpolating functions related to simple a. ne mappings, is reviewed. It is illustrated that, while space-filling fractal functions most commonly yield limiting Gaussian distribution measures (bells), there are also situations (depending on the a. ne mappings' parameters) in which there is no limit. Specifically, the one-dimensional case may result in oscillations between two bells, whereas the two-dimensional case may give rise to unexpected circle map dynamics of an arbitrary number of two-dimensional circular bells. It is also shown that, despite the multitude of bells over two dimensions, whose means dance making regular polygons or stars inscribed on a circle, the iteration of a. ne maps yields exotic kaleidoscopes that decompose such an oscillatory pattern in a way that is similar to the many cases that converge to a single bell. C1 [Puente, Carlos E.; Sivakumar, Bellie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cortis, Andrea] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Puente, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 127 Veihmeyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cepuente@ucdavis.edu FU Director, Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-348X J9 FRACTALS JI Fractals-Complex Geom. Patterns Scaling Nat. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1142/S0218348X08004083 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 379FK UT WOS:000261381900008 ER PT J AU Han, Y AF Han, Yong TI A jellium model analysis on quantum growth of metal nanowires and nanomesas SO FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS IN CHINA LA English DT Article DE jellium model; free electrons; quantum size effects; metal nanowires; metal nanomesas AB A simple jellium model is used to investigate the stability of a metal nanowire as a function of its size. The theoretical results from the model indicate the quantum selectivity of preferable radii of nanowires, in apparent agreement with the experimental observations. It is consequently suggested that a series of stable "magic numbers" and "instability gaps" observed in the synthesis experiments of Au nanowires is mainly attributed to the quantum-mechanical behavior. These stable radii can be achieved by rearranging atoms during the formation of nanowires. The model is also used to analyze the growth of Au nanomesas on a graphite surface, and the puzzling growth behavior of Au nanomesas can be reasonably explained. C1 [Han, Yong] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Han, Y (reprint author), US DOE, IPRT, 307D Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM octavian2009@gmail.com RI Han, Yong/F-5701-2012 OI Han, Yong/0000-0001-5404-0911 FU DOE FX The author thanks Dr. Feng Liu, Dr. Cai-Zhuang Wang, and Dr. Elizabeth Lupton for helpful discussions. This work was supported by DOE-BES program. The calculations were performed on IBM SP RS/6000 at NERSC, and AMD Opteron cluster at the CHPC, University of Utah. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1673-3487 J9 FRONT PHYS CHINA JI Front. Phys. China PD DEC PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 436 EP 443 DI 10.1007/s11467-008-0037-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V12XC UT WOS:000207630900005 ER PT J AU Weber, AZ Delacourt, C AF Weber, A. Z. Delacourt, C. TI Mathematical Modelling of Cation Contamination in a Proton-exchange Membrane SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Article DE Contamination; Hydrogen Pump; Ion-exchange Membrane; Mathematical Model; Multicomponent Diffusion Equations; Nafion; Stefan-Maxwell Equations ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; HYDROGEN OXIDATION; WATER MANAGEMENT; IMPURITY IONS; TRANSPORT; PERFORMANCES; SIDE AB Transport phenomena in an ion-exchange membrane containing both H(+) and K(+) are described using multicomponent diffusion equations (Stefan-Maxwell). A model is developed for transport through a Nafion 112 membrane in a hydrogen-pump setup. The model results are analysed to quantify the impact of cation contamination on cell potential. It is shown that limiting current densities can result due to a decrease in proton concentration caused by the build-up of contaminant ions. An average cation concentration of 30 to 40% is required for appreciable effects to be noticed under typical steady-state operating conditions. C1 [Weber, A. Z.; Delacourt, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, AZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azweber@lbl.gov OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624 FU Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank helpful discussions with Bryan Pivovar and Brian Kienitz. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1002/fuce.200800044 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 390PC UT WOS:000262175200011 ER PT J AU Shannon, GN Rozelle, PL Pisupati, SV Sridhar, S AF Shannon, G. N. Rozelle, P. L. Pisupati, Sarma V. Sridhar, S. TI Conditions for entrainment into a FeOx containing slag for a carbon-containing particle in an entrained coal gasifier SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FeOx; Slag; Gasification; Carbon ID BLAST-FURNACE; SLAG/CARBON INTERFACE; TRANSFORMATIONS; GASIFICATION; WETTABILITY; INJECTION; MINERALS; STEEL; MODEL AB When incompletely gasified coal particles impact the slag layer in an entrained slagging gasifier, a situation will arise where the particles will either get engulfed by the slag or re-entrained into the circulating gas. This will be determined by a balance of forces acting on the particle which in turn is governed by the slag and particle properties, and pertinent gasifier conditions, namely temperature, and particle impact velocity. In this paper a model is introduced that takes into account, the drag-, capillary-, and added mass-forces and predicts the behavior of spherical particles of different sizes and slags of different FeOx contents. The model predicts that particles either get completely submerged, settle at an incompletely separated position, or oscillate at the interface. A sensitivity analysis was performed showing that for a particle of certain size and impact velocity, submersion is most strongly promoted by a low slag viscosity (largely influenced by FeOx content) and contact angle (determined by whether or not-reactive wetting and liquid Fe formation occurs). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pisupati, Sarma V.] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pisupati, Sarma V.; Sridhar, S.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Shannon, G. N.; Sridhar, S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Rozelle, P. L.] Off Clean Energy Syst, Dept Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Pisupati, SV (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM spisupati@psu.edu RI Pisupati, Sarma/A-9861-2009 OI Pisupati, Sarma/0000-0002-2098-3302 FU National Science Foundation [0348818]; National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research in Gasification Technology [DE-AC26-04NT41817] FX Financial support from the National Science Foundation under the CAREER grant DMR 0348818 is greatly acknowledged. This technical effort also supported the National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research in Gasification Technology under the RDS contract DE-AC26-04NT41817. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1379 EP 1385 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.06.010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 387AX UT WOS:000261925200019 ER PT J AU Ioki, K Barabash, V Cordier, J Enoeda, M Federici, G Kim, BC Mazul, I Merola, M Morimoto, M Nakahira, M Pick, M Rozov, V Shimada, M Suzuki, S Ulrickson, M Utin, Y Wang, X Wu, S Yu, J AF Ioki, K. Barabash, V. Cordier, J. Enoeda, M. Federici, G. Kim, B. C. Mazul, I. Merola, M. Morimoto, M. Nakahira, M. Pick, M. Rozov, V. Shimada, M. Suzuki, S. Ulrickson, M. Utin, Yu. Wang, X. Wu, S. Yu, J. TI ITER vacuum vessel, in-vessel components and plasma facing materials SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Vacuum vessel; Blanket; First wall; Cryostat; Divertor ID DESIGN AB The Vacuum vessel (VV) design is being developed in more detail considering manufacturing and assembly methods, and cost. Incorporating manufacturing studies being performed in cooperation with ITER Parties, the regular VV sector design has been nearly Finalized. Design of the neutral beam (NB) ports including duct liners has been developed. Design of the in-wall shielding has been developed in more detail considering the supporting structure and the assembly method. Additional ferromagnetic inserts to be installed in the outboard midplane region will minimize the maximum ripple and the toroidal field flux line fluctuation. Detailed Studies were carried out on the ITER vacuum vessel to define appropriate codes and standards in the context of ITER licensing in France. The blanket Module design has progressed in cooperation with participant teams. Fabrication of mock-ups for qualification testing is Under way and the tests will be performed in 2007-2008. The divertor activities have progressed with the aim of launching the procurement according to the ITER project schedule. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ioki, K.; Barabash, V.; Cordier, J.; Merola, M.; Morimoto, M.; Pick, M.; Rozov, V.; Shimada, M.; Utin, Yu.; Wang, X.; Yu, J.] ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Enoeda, M.; Nakahira, M.; Suzuki, S.] JAEA, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Federici, G.] EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kim, B. C.] NFRC, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Mazul, I.] Efremov Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Ulrickson, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wu, S.] ASIPP, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Ioki, K (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM Kimihiro.loki@iter.org NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 787 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.027 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100002 ER PT J AU Wilson, PPH Feder, R Fischer, U Loughlin, M Petrizzi, L Wu, Y Youssef, M AF Wilson, P. P. H. Feder, R. Fischer, U. Loughlin, M. Petrizzi, L. Wu, Y. Youssef, M. TI State-of-the-art 3-D radiation transport methods for fusion energy systems SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Fusion neutronics; ITER; Advanced simulation; Monte carlo; Discrete ordinates; Three-dimensional ID NEUTRONICS ANALYSIS; ITER; INTERFACE; MODEL AB Recent advances in radiation transport simulation tools enable an increased fidelity and accuracy in modeling complex geometries in fusion systems. Future neutronics calculations will increasingly be based directly on these 3-D CAD-based geometries, allowing enhanced model complexity and improved quality assurance. Improvements have been made in both stochastic and deterministic radiation transport methodologies and their new capabilities will be compared briefly. A code comparison benchmark exercise has been specified based on a 40 sector of the ITER machine and the analysis results show good agreement. Additional analyses will be discussed, with particular attention to how these new capabilities provide new insights for engineering design of ITER components. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, P. P. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Feder, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Fischer, U.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Loughlin, M.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 1PR, Oxon, England. [Petrizzi, L.] ENEA Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Wu, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Youssef, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wilson, PPH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wilsonp@engr.wisc.edu OI Wilson, Paul/0000-0002-8555-4410 NR 29 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 824 EP 833 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.038 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100007 ER PT J AU Abe, K Kohyama, A Tanaka, S Namba, C Terai, T Kunugi, T Muroga, T Hasegawa, A Sagara, A Berk, S Zinkle, SJ Sze, DK Petti, DA Abdou, MA Morley, NB Kurtz, RJ Snead, LL Ghoniem, NM AF Abe, K. Kohyama, A. Tanaka, S. Namba, C. Terai, T. Kunugi, T. Muroga, T. Hasegawa, A. Sagara, A. Berk, S. Zinkle, S. J. Sze, D. K. Petti, D. A. Abdou, M. A. Morley, N. B. Kurtz, R. J. Snead, L. L. Ghoniem, N. M. TI Development of advanced blanket performance under irradiation and system integration through JUPITER-II project SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Advanced blanket; Flibe; Lithium; Vanadium; SiC; JUPITER-II ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; THERMAL-CREEP; MOLTEN FLIBE; DESIGNS; REDOX; BERYLLIUM; COATINGS; VANADIUM; TRITIUM; ALLOYS AB The Japan-USA collaborative program, JUPITER-II, has made significant progress in a research program titled "The irradiation performance and system integration of advanced blanket" through a six-year plan for 2001-2006. The scientific concept of this program is to study the elemental technology in macroscopic system integration for advanced fusion blankets based on an understanding of the relevant mechanics at the microscopic level. The program has four main research emphases: (1) Flibe molten salt system: Flibe handling, reduction-oxidation control by Be and Flibe tritium chemistry: thermofluid flow simulation experiment and numerical analysis. (2) Vanadium /Li system: MHD ceramics coating of vanadium alloys and compatibility with Li: neutron irradiation experiment in Li capsule and radiation creep. (3) SiC/He system: Fabrication of advanced composites and property evaluation; thermomechanics of SiC system with solid breeding materials; neutron irradiation experiment in He capsule at high temperatures. (4) Blanket system modeling: Design-based integration modeling of Flibe system and V/Li system; multiscale materials system modeling including He effects. This paper describes the perspective of the program including the historical background, the organization and facilities, and the task objectives. Important recent results are reviewed. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Abe, K.; Hasegawa, A.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Kohyama, A.] Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto 611011, Japan. [Tanaka, S.; Terai, T.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1136654, Japan. [Namba, C.; Muroga, T.; Sagara, A.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Berk, S.] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. [Zinkle, S. J.; Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sze, D. K.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Petti, D. A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Abdou, M. A.; Morley, N. B.; Ghoniem, N. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kurtz, R. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Abe, K (reprint author), Hachinohe Inst Technol, Res Inst Interdisciplinary Sci, 88-1 Myo Ohbiraki, Hachinohe, Aomori 0318501, Japan. EM k-abe@hi-tech.ac.jp OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 842 EP 849 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.07.028 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100009 ER PT J AU Morley, NB Katoh, Y Malang, S Pint, BA Raffray, AR Sharafat, S Smolentsev, S Youngblood, GE AF Morley, N. B. Katoh, Y. Malang, S. Pint, B. A. Raffray, A. R. Sharafat, S. Smolentsev, S. Youngblood, G. E. TI Recent research and development for the dual-coolant blanket concept in the US SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Dual-coolant lead-lithium; Blanket; MHD; Pb-17Li; Conductivity; Compatibility; Tritium permeation ID DENSITY CONSERVATIVE SCHEME; INCOMPRESSIBLE MHD FLOWS; MAGNETIC REYNOLDS-NUMBER; COMPATIBILITY ISSUES; POWER-PLANT; ARIES-CS; PB-17LI BLANKET; SILICON-CARBIDE; FUSION; TEMPERATURE AB The dual-coolant lead-lithium, or DCLL, blanket concept is of strong interest in the US fusion technology program. In the DCLL blanket, the flow channel insert (FCI) is a critical component. FCIs must have low electrical and thermal conductivity and be compatible with lead-lithium eutectic alloy (Pb-17Li) at elevated temperatures. FCIs must retain structural integrity and desirable properties even under irradiation and large temperature gradients during operation. FCIs must not fail in such a way that Pb-17Li enters the FCI and changes its electrical or thermal conductivity significantly. Another important issue for the DCLL is the development of a suitable tritium extraction from the Pb-17Li to achieve low tritium partial pressure, thus facilitating decisive tritium control. In this paper, the state of DCLL development in the US is presented including recent design modifications and results from recent R&D efforts. Such R&D includes the progress on development and property quantification of SiC/SiC composites and SiC foams as candidate FCI materials; Pb-17Li material capability and infiltration studies; simulations of MHD Pb-17Li flow characteristics and of resultant temperature distributions; and the analysis of FCI stress states based on these thermal loads. In addition, tritium extraction from Pb-17Li based on a vacuum permeator concept is shown to have the potential to achieve the desired tritium control. A discussion of DCLL optimization and unresolved DCLL issues and future R&D needs is also presented. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Morley, N. B.; Sharafat, S.; Smolentsev, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Katoh, Y.; Pint, B. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Raffray, A. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 90093 USA. [Youngblood, G. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Morley, NB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 43-133 Engn 4, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM morley@fusion.ucla.edu RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 920 EP 927 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.04.012 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100020 ER PT J AU El-Guebaly, L Massaut, V Tobita, K Cadwallader, L AF El-Guebaly, L. Massaut, V. Tobita, K. Cadwallader, L. TI Goals, challenges, and successes of managing fusion activated materials SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Fusion radwaste management; Recycling; Clearance: Fusion power plant ID WASTE MANAGEMENT; POWER-PLANTS; CLEARANCE; FEASIBILITY; REACTORS; ISSUES AB After decades of designing magnetic and inertial fusion power plants, it is timely to develop a new framework for managing the activated (and contaminated) materials that will be generated during plant operation and after decommissioning-a framework that takes into account the lessons learned from numerous international fusion and fission studies and the environmental, political, and present reality in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. This will clearly demonstrate that designers developing fusion facilities will be dealing with the back end of this type of energy production from the beginning of the conceptual design of power plants. It is becoming evident that future regulations for geological burial will be upgraded to assure tighter environmental controls. Along with the political difficulty of constructing new repositories worldwide, the current reality suggests reshaping all aspects of handling the continual stream of fusion active materials. Beginning in the mid 1980s and continuing to the present, numerous fusion designs examined replacing the disposal option with more environmentally attractive approaches. redirecting their attention to recycling and clearance while continuing the development of materials with low activation potential. There is a growing international effort in support of this new trend. In this paper, recent history is analyzed, a new fusion waste management scheme is covered, and possibilities for how its prospects can be improved are examined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [El-Guebaly, L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tobita, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki, Japan. [Cadwallader, L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP El-Guebaly, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1500 Engn Dr,Room 431, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM elguebaly@engr.wisc.edu RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 928 EP 935 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.025 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100021 ER PT J AU Mehihorn, TA Cipiti, BB Olson, CL Rochau, GE AF Mehihorn, T. A. Cipiti, B. B. Olson, C. L. Rochau, G. E. TI Fusion-fission hybrids for nuclear waste transmutation: A synergistic step between Gen-IV fission and fusion reactors SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Nuclear waste transmutation; Fusion energy; Fusion reactor materials ID POWER; TECHNOLOGY; DESIGN; ENERGY; IRON AB Energy demand and GDP per capita are strongly correlated, while public concern over the role of energy in climate change is growing. Nuclear power plants produce 16% of world electricity demands without greenhouse gases. Generation-IV advanced nuclear energy systems are being designed to be safe and economical. Minimizing the handling and storage of nuclear waste is important. NIF and ITER are bringing sustainable fusion energy closer, but a significant gap in fusion technology development remains. Fusion-fission hybrids could be a synergistic step to a pure fusion economy and act as a technology bridge. We discuss how a pulsed power-driven Z-pinch hybrid system producing only 20 MW of fusion yield can drive a sub-critical transuranic blanket that transmutes 1280 kg of actinide wastes per year and produces 3000 MW. These results are applicable to other inertial and magnetic fusion energy systems. A hybrid system could be introduced somewhat sooner because of the modest fusion yield requirements and can provide both a safe alternative to fast reactors for nuclear waste transmutation and a maturation path for fusion technology. The development and demonstration of advanced materials that withstand high-temperature, high-irradiation environments is a fundamental technology issue that is common to both fusion-fission hybrids and Generation-IV reactors. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mehihorn, T. A.; Cipiti, B. B.; Olson, C. L.; Rochau, G. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mehihorn, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1181, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tamehlh@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 948 EP 953 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.003 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100024 ER PT J AU Moses, EI Meier, WR AF Moses, Edward I. Meier, Wayne R. TI Preparing for ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Laser; Inertial confinement fusion; Inertial fusion energy ID LASER FUSION IGNITION; GAIN AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 beam Nd-glass laser facility presently under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for performing ignition experiments for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and experiments Studying high energy density (HED) science. NIF will produce 1.8 MJ. 500TW of ultraviolet light (lambda = 351 nm) making it the world's largest and most powerful laser system. NIF will be the world's preeminent facility for the Study of matter at extreme temperatures and densities producing and for developing ICE The ignition studies will an essential step in developing inertial fusion energy. The NIF Project is over 93% complete and scheduled for completion in 2009. Experiments using one beam have demonstrated that NIF can meet all of its performance goals. A detailed plan called the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) has been developed to begin ignition experiments in 2010. The plan includes the target physics and the equipment such as diagnostics, cryogenic target manipulator and user optics required for the ignition experiment. Target designs have been developed that calculate to ignite at energy as low as I MJ. Plans are underway to make NIF a national user facility for experiments on HED physics and nuclear science, including experiments relevant to the development of IFE. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moses, Edward I.; Meier, Wayne R.] LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), LLNL, POB 808,L-637, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meier5@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 997 EP 1000 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.043 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100031 ER PT J AU Hassanein, A Sizyuk, T Ulrickson, M AF Hassanein, A. Sizyuk, T. Ulrickson, M. TI Vertical displacement events: A serious concern in future ITER operation SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE ITER; Plasma-facing component; VDE; Coolant channel; Heat load; 3D simulation ID HEAT-TRANSFER; DISRUPTIONS; TUBES AB Material damage to plasma-facing components due to the frequent loss of plasma confinement remains a serious problem for tokamak reactors and in particular for ITER-like design. The deposited plasma energy during major disruptions, edge-localized modes (ELM), and vertical displacement events (VDE) causes significant surface erosion, possible structural failure, and frequent plasma contamination. Surface erosion damage consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials. Structural damage includes large temperature increases and high thermal stresses in structural materials and at the interfaces between surface coatings and structural components. A comprehensive fully 3D model (contained in the HEIGHTS computer simulation package) is developed to specifically study the longer plasma instabilities that cause VDE. The model includes detail deposition processes, surface vaporization, phase change and melting, heat conduction to coolant channels, and critical heat flux criteria at the coolant channels. The design requirements and implications of plasma-facing components are discussed along with recommendations to mitigate and reduce the effects of plasma instabilities on reactor components. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hassanein, A.; Sizyuk, T.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ulrickson, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, Nucl Engn Bldg,400 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hassanein@purdue.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 1020 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.032 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100035 ER PT J AU Youchison, DL Natoni, G Narula, M Ying, A AF Youchison, Dennis L. Natoni, Greg Narula, Manmeet Ying, Alice TI Computational thermo-fluid exploratory design analysis for complex ITER first wall/shield components SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE ITER; Plasma facing components; First wall; Shield; Computational fluid dynamics; Neutronics; Thermal stress; Finite element method AB Engineers in the ITER US Party Team used several computational fluid dynamics codes to evaluate design concepts for the ITER first wall panels and the neutron shield modules. The CFdesign code enabled them to perform design Studies of modules 7 and 13 very efficiently. CFdesign provides a direct interface to the CAD program, CATIA v5. The geometry input and meshing are greatly simplified. CFdesign is a finite element code, rather than a finite Volume code. Flow experiments and finite volume calculations from SC-Tetra, Fluent and CFD2000 verified the CFdesign results. Several new enhancements allow CFdesign to export temperatures, pressures and convective heat transfer coefficients to other finite element models for further analysis. For example, these loads and boundary conditions directly feed into codes Such as ABAQUS to perform stress analysis. In this article, we review the use of 2- and 4-mm flow driver gaps in the shield modules and the use of 1-mm gaps along the tee-vane in the front water header to obtain a good flow distribution in both the first wall and shield modules for 7 and 13. Plasma heat flux as well as neutron hearing derived from MCNP calculations is included in the first wall and shield module analyses, We reveal the non-uniformity of the convective heat transfer coefficient inside complex 3D geometries exposed to a one-sided heat flux and non-uniform volumetric hearing. Most models consisted of 3-4 million tetrahedron elements. We obtained temperature and velocity distributions, as well as pressure drop information, for models of nearly exact geometry compared to the CATIA fabrication models. We also describe the coupling to thermal stress analysis in ABAQUS. The results presented provide confidence that the preliminary design of these plasma facing components will meet ITER requirements. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Youchison, Dennis L.; Natoni, Greg] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Narula, Manmeet; Ying, Alice] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Youchison, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlyouch@sandia.gov OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 1025 EP 1033 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.08.013 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100036 ER PT J AU Kotulski, JD Coats, RS Pasik, MF AF Kotulski, J. D. Coats, R. S. Pasik, M. F. TI Electromagnetic analysis of transient disruption forces on the ITER shield modules SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Eddy currents; Electromagnetic force computation; ITER AB This paper describes the eddy current computation and the resultant forces and torques on selected shield modules assigned to the US team that occur due to plasma disruption. The plasma disruption considered is referred to as major disruption (MD) and is one of the disruption cases defined by the International Organization (10). This paper identifies the applicability of geometrical simplifications for future design analyses. In particular it is shown that cutting a module in half does not preserve the physics of the eddy current generation and resultant calculations while modeling a full module including the nearest modules does preserve the fundamental physics. The force results are shown for shield modules 7 and 13 exposing the validity of geometrical simplifications. The computed torque for these two modules is also presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kotulski, J. D.; Coats, R. S.; Pasik, M. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotulski, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdkotul@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 1068 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.08.039 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100044 ER PT J AU McDonald, JM Lutz, TJ Youchison, DL Bauer, FJ Troncosa, KP Nygren, RE AF McDonald, J. M. Lutz, T. J. Youchison, D. L. Bauer, F. J. Troncosa, K. P. Nygren, R. E. TI The Sandia Plasma Materials Test Facility in 2007 SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Component; First wall; High heat flux ID PUMP LIMITER; HEAT AB The Plasma Materials Test Facility, in its third decade of operation at Sandia National Laboratories, upgraded the 30-kW system to 60kW (EB60) with a new gun, grid control and power supply. In 2007 we are testing mockups in EB60 to assess processes for joining Be to CuCrZr and CuCrZr to 316LN-IG for the fabrication of US first wall (FW) panels for ITER. In our 1.2 MW dual gun electron beam, EB1200, we will test Be-armored FW quality mockups of the US and other ITER Parties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McDonald, J. M.; Lutz, T. J.; Youchison, D. L.; Bauer, F. J.; Troncosa, K. P.; Nygren, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nygren, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM renygre@sandia.gov OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.06.062 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100048 ER PT J AU Calderoni, P Sharpe, P Hara, M Oya, Y AF Calderoni, P. Sharpe, P. Hara, M. Oya, Y. TI Measurement of tritium permeation in flibe (2LiF-BeF2) SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Fusion; Tritium; Molten salt; Diffusivity; Solubility ID LI2BEF4 MOLTEN-SALT; HYDROGEN; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR; SOLUBILITIES; DEUTERIUM; NICKEL AB This paper reports on the experimental investigation Of tritium permeation in flibe (2l.iF-BeF2) at the Safety and Tritium Applied Research facility of the Idaho National Laboratory. A stainless steel cell formed by two independent volumes separated by a 2-mm thick nickel membrane is maintained at temperatures between 500 and 700 degrees C. A controlled amount of T-2 gas is flown in excess of argon in the source volume in contact with the bottom side of the nickel membrane,while a layer of mol ten salt is in con tact with the top side. The tritium permeating above the liquid surface is carried by an argon flow to a diagnostic system comprised of a quadrupole in ass spectrorneter, a gas chromatographer and a proportional counter. Tritium permeability in flibe as a function of temperature is determined by the measured permeation flow rates reached in steady-state conditions, while the diffusivity is determined by fitting the transient process with the analytical solution for the diffusion process. As a result, the solubility of tritium in flibe as a function of temperature is also determined. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Calderoni, P.; Sharpe, P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Hara, M.] Toyama Univ, Hydrogen Isotope Res Ctr, Gofu Ku 3190, Toyama 9308555, Japan. [Oya, Y.] Shizuoka Univ, Radiochem Res Lab, Shizuoka 4228059, Japan. RP Calderoni, P (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625,MS 7113, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Pattrick.Calderoni@inl.gov OI Calderoni, Pattrick/0000-0002-2316-6404 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 7-9 BP 1331 EP 1334 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.016 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HJ UT WOS:000262224100094 ER PT J AU Tanigawa, H Hirose, T Shiba, K Kasada, BR Wakaia, E Serizawa, H Kawahito, Y Jitsukawa, S Kimura, A Kohno, Y Kohyama, A Katayama, S Mori, H Nishimoto, K Klueh, RL Sokolov, MA Stoller, RE Zinkle, SJ AF Tanigawa, H. Hirose, T. Shiba, K. Kasada, B. R. Wakaia, E. Serizawa, H. Kawahito, Y. Jitsukawa, S. Kimura, A. Kohno, Y. Kohyama, A. Katayama, S. Mori, H. Nishimoto, K. Klueh, R. L. Sokolov, M. A. Stoller, R. E. Zinkle, S. J. TI Technical issues of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels for fabrication of ITER test blanket modules SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE RAFM; F82H; TBM; WCSB; Fabrication; Weld; HAZ; Over-tempered HAZ; Irradiation effect ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; F82H; BEHAVIOR; HEAT; HFIR AB Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFMs) are recognized as the primary candidate structural materials for fusion blanket systems. The RAFM F82H was developed in Japan with emphasis on high-temperature properties and weldability. Extensive irradiation studies have conducted on F82H, and it has the most extensive available database of irradiated and unirradiated properties of all RAFMs. The objective of this paper is to review the R&D status of F82H and to identify the key technical issues for the fabrication of an ITER test blanket module (TBM) suggested from the recent research achievements in Japan. This work clarified that the primary issues with F82H involve welding techniques and the mechanical properties of weld joints. This is the result of the distinctive nature of the joint caused by the phase transformation that occurs in the weld joint during cooling, and its impact on the design of a TBM will be discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tanigawa, H.; Hirose, T.; Shiba, K.; Wakaia, E.; Jitsukawa, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Kasada, B. R.; Kimura, A.; Kohyama, A.] Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Serizawa, H.; Kawahito, Y.; Katayama, S.] Osaka Univ, Joining & Welding Res Inst, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Kohno, Y.] Muroran Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Muroran, Hokkaido 0508585, Japan. [Mori, H.; Nishimoto, K.] Osaka Univ, Div Mat & Mfg Sci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Klueh, R. L.; Sokolov, M. A.; Stoller, R. E.; Zinkle, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tanigawa, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Fus Res & Dev Directorate, Fus Struct Mat Dev Grp, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM tanigawa.hiroyasu@jaea.go.jp RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Kasada, Ryuta/D-6350-2011; OI Kasada, Ryuta/0000-0002-5641-6158; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 10-12 BP 1471 EP 1476 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.07.024 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HL UT WOS:000262224300026 ER PT J AU Nogami, S Otake, N Hasegawa, A Katoh, Y Yoshikawa, A Satou, M Oya, Y Okuno, K AF Nogami, S. Otake, N. Hasegawa, A. Katoh, Y. Yoshikawa, A. Satou, M. Oya, Y. Okuno, K. TI Oxidation behavior of SiC/SiC composites for helium cooled solid breeder blanket SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE SiC/SiC composite; Oxidation; Interface; Thermal gravimetric analysis; Helium cooled solid breeder blanket ID MECHANISMS; KINETICS AB In order to evaluate the oxidation behavior and mechanism of SiC/SiC composites with conventional pyrolitic graphite interface (PyC-SiC/SiC) and advanced multilayer interface (ML-SiC/SiC) in a HCSB blanket environment,a thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in He + O(2) environment at 1000 degrees C and 1200 degrees C was performed. The PyC-SiC/SiC at 1200 degrees C and the ML-SiC/SiC at 1000 degrees C and 1200 degrees C showed relatively smaller weight change during oxidation because SiO(2) formed on the SiC-matrix and SiC-fiber sealed the specimen surface before the PyC interface recession by gasification of graphite due to relatively high SiO(2) formation rate. While the PyC-SiC/SiC at 1000 degrees C showed significant weight loss because the specimen surface was not sealed by SiO(2) and significant PyC interface recession occurred due to relatively Slow SiO(2) formation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nogami, S.; Otake, N.; Hasegawa, A.; Satou, M.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Katoh, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yoshikawa, A.; Oya, Y.; Okuno, K.] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Radiochem Res Lab, Suruga Ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Nogami, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM shuhei.nogami@qse.tohoku.ac.jp OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 10-12 BP 1490 EP 1494 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.06.004 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HL UT WOS:000262224300029 ER PT J AU Youssef, MZ Feder, R Davis, IM AF Youssef, Mahmoud Z. Feder, Russell Davis, Ian M. TI Neutronics analysis of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) MCNP "Benchmark CAD Model" with the ATTILA discrete ordinance code SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE ATTILA discrete ordinates code; CAD-based Neutronics Model; ITER neutronics benchmarking; Codes verification; Nuclear quality assurance AB There is currently extensive effort to develop and benchmark new codes to supplement the accepted computational tools for the nuclear design of ITER. The ITER management and quality program (MQP) officially requested benchmarking the newly developed FEM 3D, discrete ordinates code, ATTILA, to the results obtained by the CAD-based MCNP Monte Carlo codes. CAD-based computational tools are needed to reduce the turnaround time between changes in design and the subsequent nuclear analysis to key design parameters in an iterative process. There is currently extensive effort to develop and use a CAD-MCNP interface for design purposes to facilitate the modeling and analyses. ATTILA uses CAD-based geometrical input and as such it is a potentially quicker alternative to the MCNP code for the neutronics studies contingent on its success in predicting key neutronics parameters in large systems such as ITER. The ITER neutronics community had agreed to use a standard CAD model of ITER (401 sector, denoted as "Benchmark CAD Model") to compare results for several responses selected for calculation benchmarking purposes to test the efficiency and accuracy of the CAD-MCNP approach developed by each ITER party in addition to ATTILA. In this paper we report Such comparison to the results of the CAD-based MCNP developed at the University of Wisconsin for five selected nuclear responses. It is shown that ATTILA's results are within 25-30% of the MCNP results. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Youssef, Mahmoud Z.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Feder, Russell] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Davis, Ian M.] Transpire Inc, Gig Harbor, WA 98335 USA. RP Youssef, MZ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Univ Calif Los Angeles, 43-133 Engn 4 Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. EM youssef@fusion.ucla.edu; rfeder@pppl.gov; ian@transpireinc.com NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 10-12 BP 1661 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.040 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HL UT WOS:000262224300061 ER PT J AU Humrickhouse, P Sharpe, JP AF Humrickhouse, P. W. Sharpe, J. P. TI Dust mobilization and transport modeling for loss of vacuum accidents SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2007 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe DE Dust mobilization; Tokamak dust; Aerosol dynamics; Granular flow; Soil mechanics; Constitutive modeling ID FLOW AB We develop a general continuum fluid dynamic model for dust transport in loss of vacuum accidents in fusion energy systems. The relationship between this general approach and established particle transport methods is clarified, in particular the relationship between the seemingly disparate treatments of aerosol dynamics and Lagrangian particle tracking. Constitutive equations for granular flow are found to be inadequate for prediction of mobilization, as these models essentially impose a condition of flow from the outset. Experiments confirm that at low shear, settled dust piles behave more like a continuum solid, and suitable solid models will be required to predict the onset of dust mobilization. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Humrickhouse, P. W.; Sharpe, J. P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Humrickhouse, P. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Humrickhouse, P (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM paul.humrickhouse@inl.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 10-12 BP 1721 EP 1724 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.005 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 391HL UT WOS:000262224300072 ER PT J AU Rodland, KD Adkins, JN Ansong, C Chowdhury, S Manes, NP Shi, L Yoon, H Smith, RD Heffron, F AF Rodland, Karin D. Adkins, Joshua N. Ansong, Charles Chowdhury, Saiful Manes, Nathan P. Shi, Liang Yoon, Hyunjin Smith, Richard D. Heffron, Fred TI Use of high-throughput mass spectrometry to elucidate host-pathogen interactions in Salmonella SO FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE host-pathogen interaction; intracellular pathogen; mass spectrometry; proteomics; Salmonella; virulence ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; III SECRETION SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; ISLAND 2; NATURAL-RESISTANCE; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CROSS-LINKING AB Capabilities in mass spectrometry are evolving rapidly, with recent Improvements in sensitivity, data analysis and, most Important from the standpoint of this review, much higher throughput, allowing analysis of many samples in a single day. This short review describes how these Improvements in mass spectrometry can be used to dissect host-pathogen Interactions using Salmonella as a model system. This approach has enabled direct Identification of the majority of annotated Salmonella proteins, quantitation of expression changes under various in vitro growth conditions and new insights Into virulence and expression of Salmonella proteins within host cells. One of the most significant findings is that a relatively high percentage of all the annotated genes (>20%) in Salmonella are regulated post-transcriptionally. In addition, new and unexpected interactions have been Identified for several Salmonella virulence regulators that involve protein-protein interactions, suggesting additional functions of these regulators in coordinating virulence expression. Overall high-throughput mass spectrometry provides a new view of host-pathogen Interactions, emphasizing the protein products and defining how protein Interactions determine the outcome of infection, C1 [Heffron, Fred] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Rodland, Karin D.; Adkins, Joshua N.; Ansong, Charles; Chowdhury, Saiful; Manes, Nathan P.; Shi, Liang; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Heffron, F (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Mail Drop L220,3181 SW Sam Jackson Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM Karin.Rodland@pnl.gov; heffronhf@ohsu.edu RI Manes, Nathan/E-2817-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013 OI Manes, Nathan/0000-0001-6701-3314; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/DHHS) [Y1-AI-4894-4801]; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR18522]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US Department of Energy Office of Biological; Environmental Research and National Center for Research Resources [RR18522]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO-1830] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding sources for the described projects: the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/DHHS through interagency agreement Y1-AI-4894-4801), the NIH National Center for Research Resources (RR18522) and Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Significant portions of this work were Performed in the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a US Department of Energy (DOE) national scientific user facility at PNNL in Richland, Washington. The authors also acknowledge the US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research and National Center for Research Resources (RR18522) for the development of the instrumental capabilities used for the research, PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO-1830. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with tiny organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0913 J9 FUTURE MICROBIOL JI Future Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 3 IS 6 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.2217/17460913.3.6.625 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 388PG UT WOS:000262031100011 PM 19072180 ER PT J AU MacLean, LCW Tyliszczak, T Gilbert, PUPA Zhou, D Pray, TJ Onstott, TC Southam, G AF MacLean, L. C. W. Tyliszczak, T. Gilbert, P. U. P. A. Zhou, D. Pray, T. J. Onstott, T. C. Southam, G. TI A high-resolution chemical and structural study of framboidal pyrite formed within a low-temperature bacterial biofilm SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; IRON; PYRITIZATION; MONOSULFIDE; SULFIDES; MATRIX; PLANTS AB A novel, anaerobically grown microbial biofilm, scraped from the inner surface of a borehole, 1474 m below land surface within a South African, Witwatersrand gold mine, contains framboidal pyrite. Water flowing from the borehole had a temperature of 30.9 degrees C, a pH of 7.4, and an Eh of -50 mV. Examination of the biofilm using X-ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning electron microscope equipped for energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis demonstrated that the framboids formed within a matrix of bacteria and biopolymers. Focused ion beam sectioning of framboids followed by NEXAFS measurements using both scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy revealed that the pyrite crystals grew within an organic carbon matrix consisting of exopolysaccharides and possibly extracellular DNA, which is intuitively important in sulfide mineral diagenesis. Growth of individual pyrite crystals within the framboid occurred inside organic templates confirms the association between framboidal pyrite and organic materials in low-temperature diagenetic environments and the important role of microenvironments in biofilms in regulating geochemical cycles. C1 [MacLean, L. C. W.; Southam, G.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Tyliszczak, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, P. U. P. A.; Zhou, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pray, T. J.; Onstott, T. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP MacLean, LCW (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Environm Grp, Min & Mineral Sci Labs, 555 Booth St, O Hawa, ON K1A 0R1, Canada. EM lmaclean@NRCan.gc.ca RI Zhou, Dong/A-2675-2011; Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013; Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010 OI Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249; Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9978267]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [DMR-DMR-0537588] FX We acknowledge Harmony Gold Mine, Inc. for providing access to the boreholes at Evander Mine and by Evander geologists Colin Ralston, and Pete Roberts. Funding was provided by grant EAR-9978267 from the National Science Foundation LExEn program to Onstott and Southam. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Synchrotron Radiation Center is supported by the NSF under Award No. DMR-DMR-0537588. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly enhanced our manuscript. NR 46 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 6 IS 5 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00174.x PG 10 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 374RG UT WOS:000261060800006 PM 19076638 ER PT J AU Kobelev, AP Stefanovsky, SV Lebedev, VV Polkanov, AA Knyazev, OA Marra, JC AF Kobelev, A. P. Stefanovsky, S. V. Lebedev, V. V. Polkanov, A. A. Knyazev, O. A. Marra, J. C. TI Cold crucible vitrification of the Savannah River Site SB2 HLW surrogate at high waste loading SO GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A LA English DT Article AB Test vitrification of Savannah River Site sludge batch 2 (SB2) high level waste (HLW) surrogate was undertaken in the Radon full scale vitrification plant using a418 mm inner diameter cold crucible energised from a 160 kW high frequency (1.76 MHz) generator. Waste loading in the glass ranged between similar to 52-53 wt% and similar to 60 wt%, Commercially available alkali borosilicate Frit 320 was used as a glass forming additive. In total 1319.2 kg of feed was vitrified and 317.9 kg of glass was produced. The average AC power was 148.5 kW. The average slurry feeding rate was 25.6 kg/h, while the average glass production rate was 6.2 kg/h. Specific power consumption for slurry feeding was 5.8 kWh/kg, while the specific power consumption for glass production (melting ratio) was 24.0 kWh/kg. The specific glass production rate was 1084.8 kg/(m(2)d). Maximum slurry feeding and glass production rates were achieved by processing a slurry that had a water content of approximately 65 wt%. The products consisted of a vitreous matrix with a spinel structure magnetite type phase distributed in the matrix. The average degree of crystallinity ranged between 6 vol% at similar to 52-53 wt% waste loading to IS vol%, at similar to 60 wt% waste loading in the glassy product. The spinel phase was strongly enriched with iron and other transition elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn) as well as Mg, whereas alkali, alkali earth elements and Zr, Pb, S, Cl entered the vitreous phase. At the highest waste loadings (55-57 wt% and above) all extra nepheline phase was produced. The major cations in the nepheline phase were Na, Al, Si and the minor ones were Fe, K, Sr, and Mg. A decrease in the silica content of the composition and nepheline formation in the resulting glass probably caused the decrease in chemical durability seen in the glass products with high waste loadings. C1 [Kobelev, A. P.; Stefanovsky, S. V.; Lebedev, V. V.; Polkanov, A. A.; Knyazev, O. A.] SIA Radon, Moscow 119121, Russia. [Marra, J. C.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Stefanovsky, SV (reprint author), SIA Radon, 7th Rostovskii Lane 2-14, Moscow 119121, Russia. EM profstef@mtu-net.ru NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC GLASS TECHNOLOGY PI SHEFFIELD PA UNIT 9, TWELVE O CLOCK COURT, 21 ATTERCLIFFE RD, SHEFFIELD S4 7WW, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1753-3546 J9 GLASS TECHNOL-PART A JI Glass Technol.-Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. Part A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 6 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 393GA UT WOS:000262357900008 ER PT J AU Peterson, SK Church, RL AF Peterson, Steven K. Church, Richard L. TI A Framework for Modeling Rail Transport Vulnerability SO GROWTH AND CHANGE LA English DT Article AB Railroads represent one of the most efficient methods of long-haul transport for bulk commodities, from coal to agricultural products. Over the past 50 years, the rail network has contracted while tonnage has increased. Service, geographically, has been abandoned along short-haul routes and increased along major long-haul routes, resulting in a network that is more streamlined. The current rail network may be very vulnerable to disruptions, like the failure of a trestle. This paper proposes a framework to model rail network vulnerability and gives an application of this modeling framework in analyzing rail network vulnerability for the State of Washington. It concludes with a number of policy-related issues that need to be addressed in order to identify, plan, and mitigate the risks associated with the sudden loss of a bridge or trestle. C1 [Peterson, Steven K.] Washington State Univ, Sch Econ Sci, Transportat Res Grp, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Church, Richard L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Peterson, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. EM petersonsk@ornl.gov; church@geog.ucsb.edu OI Peterson, Steven/0000-0002-8767-2998 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-4815 J9 GROWTH CHANGE JI Growth Change PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 617 EP 641 DI 10.1111/j.1468-2257.2008.00449.x PG 25 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 398WN UT WOS:000262762300005 ER PT J AU Pagava, S Rusetski, V Robakidze, Z Farfan, EB Dunker, RE Popp, JL Avtandilashvili, M Wells, DP Donnelly, EH AF Pagava, S. Rusetski, V. Robakidze, Z. Farfan, E. B. Dunker, R. E. Popp, J. L. Avtandilashvili, M. Wells, D. P. Donnelly, E. H. TI INITIAL INVESTIGATION OF Rn-222 IN THE TBILISI URBAN ENVIRONMENT SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radon; dose; electrets; Rn-222 AB Georgia has geological formations with high uranium content, and several buildings are built with local materials. This can create potentially high radon exposures. Consequently, studies to mitigate these exposures have been started. This study presents a preliminary investigation of radon in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. An independent radiological monitoring program in Georgia has been initiated by the Radiocarbon and Low-Level Counting Section of I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University with the cooperation of the Environmental Monitoring Laboratory of the Physics/Health Physics Department at Idaho State University. At this initial stage the E-PERM systems and GammaTRACER were used for the measurement of gamma exposure and radon concentrations in air and water. Measurements in Sololaki, a densely populated historic district of Tbilisi, revealed indoor radon (Rn-222) concentrations of 1.5-2.5 times more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency action level of 148 Bq m(-3) (4 pCi L-1). Moreover, radon-in-air concentrations of 440 Bq m-3 and 3,500 Bq m(-3) were observed at surface borehole openings within the residential district. Measurements of water from various tap water supplies displayed radon concentrations of 3-5 Bq L-1 while radon concentrations in water from the hydrogeological and thermal water boreholes were 5-19 Bq L-1. In addition, the background gamma absorbed dose rate in air ranged of 70-115 nGy h(-1) at the radon test locations throughout the Tbilisi urban environment. C1 [Farfan, E. B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Pagava, S.; Rusetski, V.; Robakidze, Z.] I Javakhishvilli Tbilisi State Univ, Radiocarbon & Low Level Counting Sect, GE-0128 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Dunker, R. E.; Popp, J. L.; Avtandilashvili, M.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys Hlth Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Wells, D. P.] Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. [Donnelly, E. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Farfan, EB (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 773-42A Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Eduardo.Farfan@srnl.doe.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 95 IS 6 BP 761 EP 765 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000319909.18881.5e PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 373QK UT WOS:000260986800006 PM 19001903 ER PT J AU Waldauer, SA Bakajin, O Ball, T Chen, Y DeCamp, SJ Kopka, M Jager, M Singh, VR Wedemeyer, WJ Weiss, S Yao, S Lapidus, LJ AF Waldauer, Steven A. Bakajin, Olgica Ball, Terry Chen, Yujie DeCamp, Stephen J. Kopka, Michaela Jaeger, Marcus Singh, Vijay R. Wedemeyer, William J. Weiss, Shimon Yao, Shuhuai Lapidus, Lisa J. TI Ruggedness in the folding landscape of protein L SO HFSP JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC COLLAPSE; MICROFLUIDIC MIXER; KINETICS; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; DOMAIN; INTERMEDIATE; STABILITY; STATES; PROBE AB By exploring the folding pathways of the B1 domain of protein L with a series of equilibrium and rapid kinetic experiments, we have found its unfolded state to be more complex than suggested by two-state folding models. Using an ultrarapid mixer to initiate protein folding within similar to 2-4 microseconds, we observe folding kinetics by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We detect at least two processes faster than 100 mu s that would be hidden within the burst phase of a stopped-flow instrument measuring tryptophan fluorescence. Previously reported measurements of slow intramolecular diffusion are commensurate with the slower of the two observed fast phases. These results suggest that a multidimensional energy landscape is necessary to describe the folding of protein L, and that the dynamics of the unfolded state is dominated by multiple small energy barriers. [DOI: 10.2976/1.3013702] C1 [Waldauer, Steven A.; Ball, Terry; Chen, Yujie; DeCamp, Stephen J.; Kopka, Michaela; Singh, Vijay R.; Wedemeyer, William J.; Lapidus, Lisa J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ball, Terry; Wedemeyer, William J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bakajin, Olgica; Yao, Shuhuai] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jaeger, Marcus; Weiss, Shimon] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Weiss, Shimon] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Weiss, Shimon] Calif Nanosyst Inst CNSI, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lapidus, LJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lapidus@msu.edu RI Waldauer, Steven/D-1217-2010; Yao, Shuhuai/G-8672-2011; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; DeCamp, Stephen/0000-0001-7002-7370; Yao, Shuhuai/0000-0001-7059-4092 FU NSF FIBR [0623664]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; LDRD program [AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was partially supported by funding from NSF FIBR Grant 0623664. The research of Lisa Lapidus, Ph.D. is supported in part by a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with funding from the LDRD program. This work was partially supported by funding from NSF FIBR Grant 0623664 administered by the Center for Biophotonics, an NSF Science and Technology Center, managed by the University of California, Davis, under Cooperative Agreement PHY 0120999. L.J.L., W.J.W., S. A. W., and O.B. designed the experiments. S. A. W., S.J.D., V. R. S., Y.C., M. K., S.Y., and L.J.L. took the data. S. A. W., S.Y., and O.B. designed and fabricated the mixing chips. T. B., M.J., and M. K. mutated, expressed, and labeled the proteins. L.J.L., S. A. W., and W.J.W analyzed the data and wrote the paper. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU HFSP PUBLISHING PI STRASBOURG PA 12 QUAI ST JEAN, STRASBOURG, 67000, FRANCE SN 1955-2068 J9 HFSP J JI HFSP J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.2976/1.3013702 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 384OU UT WOS:000261754900012 PM 19436489 ER PT J AU Ghajar, CM Bissell, MJ AF Ghajar, Cyrus M. Bissell, Mina J. TI Extracellular matrix control of mammary gland morphogenesis and tumorigenesis: insights from imaging SO HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Extracellular matrix (ECM); Imaging; Microenvironment; Morphogenesis; Tissue polarity; Tumorigenesis ID BREAST EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CASEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; TRANSGENIC MICE; GROWTH-FACTOR; STEM-CELLS; KEY STAGES; IN-VIVO; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCER AB The extracellular matrix (ECM), once thought to solely provide physical support to a tissue, is a key component of a cell's microenvironment responsible for directing cell fate and maintaining tissue specificity. It stands to reason, then, that changes in the ECM itself or in how signals from the ECM are presented to or interpreted by cells can disrupt tissue organization; the latter is a necessary step for malignant progression. In this review, we elaborate on this concept using the mammary gland as an example. We describe how the ECM directs mammary gland formation and function, and discuss how a cell's inability to interpret these signals-whether as a result of genetic insults or physicochemical alterations in the ECM-disorganizes the gland and promotes malignancy. By restoring context and forcing cells to properly interpret these native signals, aberrant behavior can be quelled and organization re-established. Traditional imaging approaches have been a key complement to the standard biochemical, molecular, and cell biology approaches used in these studies. Utilizing imaging modalities with enhanced spatial resolution in live tissues may uncover additional means by which the ECM regulates tissue structure, on different length scales, through its pericellular organization (short-scale) and by biasing morphogenic and morphostatic gradients (long-scale). C1 [Ghajar, Cyrus M.; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 977 R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmghajar@lbl.gov; MJBissell@lbl.gov FU OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Cancer Institute; OBER, Department of Energy; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX We apologize to those whose work could not be cited due to space limitations. We have cited reviews where possible. We would like to thank members of the Bissell Laboratory, specially Hidetoshi Mori, Jamie Inman, Mark LaBarge, and Virginia Spencer for valuable discussions. The work from the authors' laboratory is supported by grants from the OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research; awards from the National Cancer Institute; Innovator awards from the DOD breast cancer program and a Distinguished Fellowship Award from the OBER, Department of Energy' (M.J.B.). C.M.G. is supported by a Glenn T. Seaborg Postdoctoral Fellowship from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 122 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0948-6143 J9 HISTOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Histochem. Cell Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 130 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1118 DI 10.1007/s00418-008-0537-1 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Microscopy SC Cell Biology; Microscopy GA 387MN UT WOS:000261956400005 PM 19009245 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW Afnan, IR Tandy, PC AF Thomas, Anthony W. Afnan, Iraj R. Tandy, Peter C. TI Ian Ellery McCarthy 1930-2005 SO HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIAN SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item AB Ian McCarthy was one of Australia's outstanding theoretical physicists. He was born in country South Australia and, after a PhD at the University of Adelaide, and periods of work in the UK and USA, he returned to South Australia where for several decades he led an outstanding research program at Flinders University. Ian's career had two major stages. In the first, he made major contributions to nuclear reaction theory, including very important insights into the physical consequences of the optical model and state-of-the-art calculations of proton knock-out from nuclei. In the second phase, he imported the concept of the knock-out reaction to atomic, molecular and solid state physics. Using the (e,2e) reaction, for which he and his colleagues developed the theoretical framework, his group made major contributions in these areas. C1 [Thomas, Anthony W.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Thomas, Anthony W.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Afnan, Iraj R.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Tandy, Peter C.] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM awthomas@jlab.org OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0727-3061 J9 HIST REC AUST SCI JI Hist. Rec. Aust. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 161 EP 189 DI 10.1071/HR08010 PG 29 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 387YO UT WOS:000261987700003 ER PT J AU Lu, GP Sonnenthal, EL Bodvarsson, GS AF Lu, Guoping Sonnenthal, Eric L. Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S. TI Multiple component end- member mixing model of dilution: hydrochemical effects of construction water at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hydrochemistry; Linear mixing model; Dilution; Leaching; USA AB The standard dual-component and two-member linear mixing model is often used to quantify water mixing of different sources. However, it is no longer applicable whenever actual mixture concentrations are not exactly known because of dilution. For example, low-water-content (low-porosity) rock samples are leached for pore-water chemical compositions, which therefore are diluted in the leachates. A multicomponent, two-member mixing model of dilution has been developed to quantify mixing of water sources and multiple chemical components experiencing dilution in leaching. This extended mixing model was used to quantify fracture-matrix interaction in construction-water migration tests along the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) tunnel at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA. The model effectively recovers the spatial distribution of water and chemical compositions released from the construction water, and provides invaluable data on the matrix fracture interaction. The methodology and formulations described here are applicable to many sorts of mixing-dilution problems, including dilution in petroleum reservoirs, hydrospheres, chemical constituents in rocks and minerals, monitoring of drilling fluids, and leaching, as well as to environmental science studies. C1 [Lu, Guoping; Sonnenthal, Eric L.; Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lu, GP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM guopinglu@yahoo.com RI Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009 FU Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of June Fabryka-Martin at Los Alamos National Laboratory, the internal review by Guoxiang Zhang and Michael Singleton at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the technical editorial work by Daniel Hawkes. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1517 EP 1526 DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0322-1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 376ID UT WOS:000261176400007 ER PT J AU Guo, Y Qu, ZH Braiman, Y Zhang, ZY Barhen, J AF Guo, Yi Qu, Zhihua Braiman, Yehuda Zhang, Zhenyu Barhen, Jacob TI Nanotribology and Nanoscale Friction SMOOTH SLIDING THROUGH FEEDBACK CONTROL SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID STABILIZATION; FORCES C1 [Guo, Yi] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Qu, Zhihua] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Barhen, Jacob] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Barhen, Jacob] CALTECH, JPL, Neural Computat & Nonlinear Sci Grp, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Guo, Y (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM yguo1@stevens.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [FG02-03ER46091]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX Yehuda Braiman, Zhenyu Zhang, and Jacob Barhen would like to acknowledge the support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-03ER46091 (Zhenyu Zhang), and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. Yehuda Braiman would also like to acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1066-033X J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1109/MCS.2008.929420 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 378GE UT WOS:000261308400009 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, K Hellstrom, EE Paranthaman, M AF Venkataraman, Kartik Hellstrom, Eric E. Paranthaman, Mariappan TI Growth of Lanthanum Manganate Buffer Layers for Coated Conductors via a Metal-Organic Decomposition Process (vol 15, pg 3005, 2005) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Correction ID LAMNO3 AB In our prior paper, we reported forming (110)-oriented LaMnO(3) on a biaxially textured Ni-3at% W substrate.. Chemical analysis of these films subsequent to publishing the paper showed only La and O-there wits no Mn present in the film. The film was actually (400)-oriented La(2)O(3) with the cubic bixbyite structure. Subsequent studies also showed that MnO film is not stable on Ni and Ni-W substrate surfaces at 1100 degrees C and P(O2) = 10(-16) atm where bulk MnO is stable. C1 [Venkataraman, Kartik] Lam Res Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. [Hellstrom, Eric E.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hellstrom, Eric E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Paranthaman, Mariappan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Venkataraman, K (reprint author), Lam Res Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. EM hellstrom@asc.magnet.fsu.edu RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1801 EP 1803 DI 10.1109/TASC.2008.2007235 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 381NS UT WOS:000261543800008 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Peterson, GD Storaasli, OO AF Sun, Junqing Peterson, Gregory D. Storaasli, Olaf O. TI High-Performance Mixed-Precision Linear Solver for FPGAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Reconfigurable computing; supercomputing; floating point; data formats; iterative refinement ID SYSTEMS AB Compared to higher precision data formats, lower precision data formats result in higher performance for computationally intensive applications on FPGAs because of their lower resource cost, reduced memory bandwidth requirements, and higher circuit frequency. On the other hand, scientific computations usually demand highly accurate solutions. This paper seeks to utilize lower precision data formats whenever possible for higher performance without losing the accuracy of higher precision data formats by using mixed-precision algorithms and architectures. First, we analyze the floating-point performance of different data formats on FPGAs. Second, we introduce mixed-precision iterative refinement algorithms for linear solvers and give an error analysis. Finally, we propose an innovative architecture for a mixed-precision direct solver for reconfigurable computing. Our results show that our mixed-precision algorithm and architecture significantly improve the performance of linear solvers on FPGAs. C1 [Sun, Junqing; Peterson, Gregory D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Storaasli, Olaf O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Future Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Storaasli, Olaf O.] Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jsun5@utk.edu; gdp@utk.edu; Olaf@ornl.gov FU University of Tennessee Science Alliance; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This project was supported by the University of Tennessee Science Alliance and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Director's Research and Development program. The authors also would like to thank Jack Dongarra and Stanimire Tomov of the University of Tennessee for useful discussions on mixed-precision algorithms and the anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1614 EP 1623 DI 10.1109/TC.2008.89 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 363HV UT WOS:000260259300003 ER PT J AU Blacksberg, J Nikzad, S Hoenk, ME Holland, SE Kolbe, WF AF Blacksberg, Jordana Nikzad, Shouleh Hoenk, Michael E. Holland, Stephen E. Kolbe, William F. TI Near-100% Quantum Efficiency of Delta Doped Large-Format UV-NIR Silicon Imagers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Back illuminated; charge-coupled device (CCD); delta doping; fully depleted; high-purity silicon ID GROWTH; FILMS AB We have demonstrated a back surface process for back-illuminated high-purity p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs), enabling broadband coverage from the ultraviolet to near infrared (NIR). The process consists of the formation of a delta layer followed by a double layer antireflection (AR) coating. The process is per-formed below 450 degrees C and is applied to fully fabricated CCDs with aluminum metallization. The delta doping process was demonstrated on 1 k x 1 k and 2 k x 4 k CCDs, which were found to exhibit low dark current and near reflection-limited quantum efficiency. Two broadband AR coatings were developed to cover the UV-visible and visible-NIR bands. These coatings consist of a double layer of Si(x)N(y) and SiO(x) deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition onto the back surface of a delta doped CCD. The thicknesses of the coating layers are adjusted for the desired bandpass. C1 [Blacksberg, Jordana; Nikzad, Shouleh; Hoenk, Michael E.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Holland, Stephen E.; Kolbe, William F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blacksberg, J (reprint author), NASA, Jet Prop Lab, CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jordana.blacksberg@jpl.nasa.gov; shouleh.nikzad@jpl.nasa.gov; seholland@lbl.gov RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013 FU JPL's Research and Technology Development (R and TD); Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF); Director, Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the JPL's Research and Technology Development (R and TD) and the Director's Research and Development Fund (DRDF) programs, in which research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 12 BP 3402 EP 3406 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.2006779 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 380LJ UT WOS:000261466900010 ER PT J AU Paulsen, JL Franck, J Demas, V Bouchard, LS AF Paulsen, Jeffrey L. Franck, John Demas, Vasiliki Bouchard, Louis-S. TI Least Squares Magnetic-Field Optimization for Portable Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Magnet Design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Least-squares optimization; magnetic devices; magnetic resonance; magnetostatics; nuclear magnetic resonance ID EX-SITU NMR; SINGLE-SIDED SENSOR; UNILATERAL NMR; MOBILE NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; MOUSE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Single-sided and mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors have the advantages of portability, low cost, and low power consumption compared to conventional high-field NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. We present fast, flexible, and easy-to-implement target field algorithms for mobile NMR and MRI magnet design. The optimization finds a global optimum in a cost function that minimizes the error in the target magnetic field in the sense of least squares. When the technique is tested on a ring array of permanent-magnet elements, the solution matches the classical dipole Halbach solution. For a single-sided handheld NMR sensor, the algorithm yields a 640 G field homogeneous to 16 100 ppm across a 1.9 cm(3) volume located 1.5 cm above the top of the magnets and homogeneous to 32 200 ppm over a 7.6 cm(3) volume. This regime is adequate for MRI applications. We demonstrate that the homogeneous region can be continuously moved away from the sensor by rotating magnet rod elements, opening the way for NMR sensors with adjustable "sensitive volumes." C1 [Bouchard, Louis-S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Paulsen, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Paulsen, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Franck, John] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Demas, Vasiliki] T2 Biosyst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. RP Bouchard, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bouchard@chem.ucla.edu OI Paulsen, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1031-4858; Franck, John/0000-0002-5432-4823 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Prof. A. Pines for his support, stimulating discussions, and advice, and Prof. B. Blumich for stimulating discussions and advice. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4582 EP 4590 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001697 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 395XM UT WOS:000262556800004 ER PT J AU Bae, JU Lin, TY Yoon, Y Kim, SJ Bird, JP Imre, A Porod, W Reno, JL AF Bae, J. -U. Lin, T. -Y. Yoon, Y. Kim, S. J. Bird, J. P. Imre, A. Porod, W. Reno, J. L. TI Characterization of Nanomagnet Fringing Fields in Hybrid Semiconductor/Ferromagnetic Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Ferromagnet; hysteresis; magneto-electronics; magneto-resistance ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; HALL-EFFECT DEVICE; GAAS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSPORT AB We describe the fabrication of a hybrid nanomagneto-electronic device, consisting of a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire that is bridged by a ferromagnetic gate, and study the influence of the nanomagnet fringing fields on the quantum-wire magneto-resistance. The nonplanar gate shows clear single-domain structure in magnetic-force microscopy, and a simple magnetization behavior in an external magnetic field. This behavior is reflected as a hysteretic variation of the quantum-wire magneto-resistance, whose magnitude is found to be consistent with theoretical predictions for ballistic electron transport through a spatially varying magnetic field. C1 [Bae, J. -U.; Lin, T. -Y.; Yoon, Y.; Kim, S. J.; Bird, J. P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14216 USA. [Imre, A.; Porod, W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bae, JU (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14216 USA. EM jbae4@buffalo.edu RI Bird, Jonathan/G-4068-2010; Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/A-2912-2010 OI Bird, Jonathan/0000-0002-6966-9007; Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/0000-0002-4271-1623 FU Department of Energy; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy and was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Nanoscale Science Research Center. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram, laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4706 EP 4710 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002924 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 395XM UT WOS:000262556800019 ER PT J AU Maltz, JS Gangadharan, B Bose, S Hristov, DH Faddegon, BA Paidi, A Bani-Hashemi, AR AF Maltz, Jonathan S. Gangadharan, Bijumon Bose, Supratik Hristov, Dimitre H. Faddegon, Bruce A. Paidi, Ajay Bani-Hashemi, Ali R. TI Algorithm for X-ray Scatter, Beam-Hardening, and Beam Profile Correction in Diagnostic (Kilovoltage) and Treatment (Megavoltage) Cone Beam CT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Biomedical applications of radiation; Monte Carlo (MC) methods; radiation hardening; X-ray detectors; X-ray imaging; X-ray scattering; X-ray tomography ID CONVOLUTION; IMAGES; TARGET AB Quantitative reconstruction of cone beam X-ray computed tomography (CT) datasets requires accurate modeling of scatter, beam-hardening, beam profile, and detector response. Typically, commercial imaging systems use fast empirical corrections that are designed to reduce visible artifacts due to incomplete modeling of the image formation process. In contrast, Monte Carlo (MC) methods are much more accurate but are relatively slow. Scatter kernel superposition (SKS) methods offer a balance between accuracy and computational practicality. We show how a single SKS algorithm can be employed to correct both kilovoltage (kV) energy (diagnostic) and megavoltage (MV) energy (treatment) X-ray images. Using MC models of kV and MV imaging systems, we map intensities recorded on an amorphous silicon flat panel detector to water-equivalent thicknesses (WETs). Scatter-grams are derived from acquired projection images using scatter kernels indexed by the local WET values and are then iteratively refined using a scatter magnitude bounding scheme that allows the algorithm to accommodate the very high scatter-to-primary ratios encountered in kV imaging. The algorithm recovers radiological thicknesses to within 9% of the true value at both kV and megavolt energies. Nonuniformity in CT reconstructions of homogeneous phantoms is reduced by an average of 76% over a wide range of beam energies and phantom geometries. C1 [Maltz, Jonathan S.; Gangadharan, Bijumon; Bose, Supratik; Paidi, Ajay; Bani-Hashemi, Ali R.] Siemens Med Solut USA Inc, Oncol Care Syst Grp, Concord, CA 94520 USA. [Maltz, Jonathan S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Med Imaging Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hristov, Dimitre H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Faddegon, Bruce A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Maltz, JS (reprint author), Siemens Med Solut USA Inc, Oncol Care Syst Grp, Concord, CA 94520 USA. FU Siemens Medical Solutions (USA) Inc. FX This work was supported by Siemens Medical Solutions (USA) Inc. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1791 EP 1810 DI 10.1109/TMI.2008.928922 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 378ZX UT WOS:000261364900011 PM 19033095 ER PT J AU Tonguz, OK Yanmaz, E AF Tonguz, Ozan K. Yanmaz, Evsen TI The Mathematical Theory of Dynamic Load Balancing in Cellular Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Dynamic load balancing; cellular networks; resource allocation; hot spots ID MOBILE COMMUNICATION-SYSTEMS; HYBRID CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT; QUEUING-NETWORKS; TELEPHONE SYSTEM; DIRECTED RETRY; PERFORMANCE; BLOCKING; ALLOCATION; ALGORITHMS; CAPACITY AB While many interesting dynamic load-balancing schemes have been proposed for efficient use of limited bandwidth and to increase the capacity of congested or hot spots (or cells) in wireless networks, to date, a comprehensive mathematical theory or framework that encompasses all of these schemes does not exist. In this paper, we provide the mathematical theory of dynamic load balancing in cellular networks, which leads to closed-form performance expressions for evaluating the performance of some of the most important dynamic load-balancing strategies proposed in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first generic theoretical framework that can be used to evaluate the performance of many different dynamic load-balancing schemes with simple closed-form results. The accuracy of the results predicted by the theoretical framework was checked against the simulation results provided in the literature for well-known schemes and an excellent agreement was observed C1 [Tonguz, Ozan K.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Yanmaz, Evsen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tonguz, OK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hamerschlag Hall,5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM tonguz@ece.cmu.edu; eyanmaz@alumni.cmu.edu NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 EI 1558-0660 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1504 EP 1518 DI 10.1109/TMC.2008.66 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 361MB UT WOS:000260130700008 ER PT J AU Dodd, PE AF Dodd, Paul E. TI Conference Comments by the General Chairman SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2807 EP 2809 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2009683 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400001 ER PT J AU Schwank, J Buchner, S Marshall, P Duzellier, S Brown, D Poivey, C Pease, R AF Schwank, Jim Buchner, Steve Marshall, Paul Duzellier, Sophie Brown, Dennis Poivey, Christian Pease, Ron TI 2008 Special NSREC Issue of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE Comments by the Editors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schwank, Jim] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Buchner, Steve] NASA, GSFC Perot Syst, Washington, DC USA. [Poivey, Christian] ESA, ESTEC, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Schwank, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2810 EP 2810 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2009685 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400002 ER PT J AU Cavrois, VF Pouget, V McMorrow, D Schwank, JR Fel, N Essely, F Flores, RS Palliet, P Gaillardin, M Kobayashi, D Melinger, JS Duhamel, O Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR AF Cavrois, V. Ferlet Pouget, V. McMorrow, D. Schwank, J. R. Fel, N. Essely, F. Flores, R. S. Palliet, P. Gaillardin, M. Kobayashi, D. Melinger, J. S. Duhamel, O. Dodd, P. E. Shaneyfelt, M. R. TI Investigation of the Propagation Induced Pulse Broadening (PIPB) Effect on Single Event Transients in SOI and Bulk Inverter Chains SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chains of inverters; heavy ions; propagation induced pulse broadening; pulsed laser; single event transients ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; SOFT ERROR RATE; SET CHARACTERIZATION; CMOS TECHNOLOGIES; HEAVY-ION; LASER; WIDTHS; TRANSISTORS; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME AB The propagation of single event transients (SET) is measured and modeled in SOI and bulk inverter chains. The propagation-induced pulse broadening (PIPB) effect is shown to determine the SET pulse width measured at the output of long chains of inverters after irradiation. Initially, narrow transients, less than 200 ps at the struck inverter, are progressively broadened into the nanosecond range. PIPB is induced by dynamic floating body effects (also called history effects) in SOI and bulk transistors, which depend on the bias state of the transistors before irradiation. Implications for SET hardness assurance, circuit modelling and hardening are discussed. Floating body and PIPB effects are usually not taken into account in circuit models, which can lead to large underestimation of SET sensitivity when using simulation techniques like fault injection in complex circuits. C1 [Cavrois, V. Ferlet; Fel, N.; Palliet, P.; Gaillardin, M.; Dodd, P. E.] DIF, DAM, CEA, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Pouget, V.; Essely, F.] Univ Bordeaux 1, IMS Lab, CNRS, UMR 5218, F-33405 Talence, France. [McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schwank, J. R.; Flores, R. S.; Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kobayashi, D.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Cavrois, VF (reprint author), DIF, DAM, CEA, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91297 Arpajon, France. FU French Ministry of Defence (MOD/DGA); Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U. S. Department of Energy; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The part of the work performed at the Commissariat a l'Energie Atoinique (CEA/DIF) was supported by the French Ministry of Defence (MOD/DGA). The part of this work performed at the Naval Research Laboratory and a part of the work performed at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Part of the work performed at Sandia National Laboratories was also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2842 EP 2853 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007724 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400004 ER PT J AU Cester, A Wrachien, N Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Portoghese, R Gerardi, C AF Cester, Andrea Wrachien, Nicola Schwank, James R. Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Portoghese, Rosario Gerardi, Cosimo TI Modeling of Heavy Ion Induced Charge Loss Mechanisms in Nanocrystal Memory Cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CMOS memory integrated circuits; flash memories; heavy ion irradiation; radiation effects; semiconductor device reliability; semiconductor memories ID FLOATING-GATE MEMORIES; FLASH MEMORY; DATA RETENTION; ARRAYS; RELIABILITY; SIMULATION; PERFORMANCE AB We present the first charge loss model of heavy ion induced radiation damage on nanocrystal memory cells. The model takes into account the nanocrystal distribution non uniformity and the effect of different programming techniques, which may produce non uniform charging of the nanocrystals. The model has been validated with a focused microbeam test. It provides an estimation of both the ion track size and the average number of ion hits required for achieving a given charge loss. In our irradiation experiments we estimated an ion track size (diameter) of 85 nm for 50-MeV Cu ions. This model confirms also the good robustness of nanocrystal memories against heavy ion irradiation and their much stronger tolerance than the conventional floating gate based memories. C1 [Cester, Andrea; Wrachien, Nicola] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Schwank, James R.; Vizkelethy, Gyorgy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Portoghese, Rosario; Gerardi, Cosimo] Zona Ind, STMicroelect M6, I-95121 Catania, Italy. RP Cester, A (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM an-drea.cester@dei.unipd.it; nicola.wrachieji@dei.unipd.it; schwankjr@sandia.gov; gvizkel@sandia.gov; rosario.portoghese@numonyx.com; cosimo.gerardi@numonyx.com RI Cester, Andrea/H-1683-2015 OI Cester, Andrea/0000-0001-6583-1735 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [05-4101I]; U.S. Department of Energy; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The Sandia portion of this work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under DTRA IACRO #05-4101I and the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprograin laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2895 EP 2903 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006051 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400010 ER PT J AU Cellere, G Paccagnella, A Visconti, A Beltrami, S Schwank, J Shaneyfelt, A Lambert, D Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V Baggio, J Harboe-Sorensen, R Blackmore, E Virtanen, A Fuochi, P AF Cellere, G. Paccagnella, A. Visconti, A. Beltrami, S. Schwank, J. Shaneyfelt, A. Lambert, D. Paillet, P. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Baggio, J. Harboe-Sorensen, R. Blackmore, E. Virtanen, A. Fuochi, P. TI Direct Evidence of Secondary Recoiled Nuclei From High Energy Protons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Floating gate memories; high energy protons; single event effects; space radiation ID SINGLE-EVENT UPSET; FLOATING-GATE MEMORIES; MULTIPLE-BIT UPSET; HEAVY-ION ENERGY; FLASH MEMORIES; CHARGE LOSS; CELLS; IMPACT; SIO2; SRAM AB The production of secondary recoiled particles from interactions between high energy protons and microelectronics devices was investigated. By using NAND Flash memories, we were able to directly obtain analog information on recoil characteristics. While our results qualitatively confirm the role of nuclear reactions, in particular of those with tungsten, a quantitative model based on Monte Carlo and device-level simulations cannot describe the observed results in terms of recoils from proton-W reactions. C1 [Cellere, G.; Paccagnella, A.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Cellere, G.; Paccagnella, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Visconti, A.; Beltrami, S.] Numonyx, R&D Technol Dev, I-20041 Agrate Brianza, MI, Italy. [Schwank, J.; Shaneyfelt, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lambert, D.] EADS Nucletudes, F-91944 Courtaboeuf, France. [Paillet, P.; Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Baggio, J.] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Harboe-Sorensen, R.] European Space Agcy, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Blackmore, E.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Virtanen, A.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Fuochi, P.] CNR, ISOF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Cellere, G (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35100 Padua, Italy. EM giorgio.cellere@ieee.org; paccag@dei.unipd.it; angelo.visconti@nu-monyx.com; silvia.beltrami@numonyx.com; schwanjr@sandia.gov; dlambert@nucletudes.com; reno.harboe.sorensen@esa.int; ewb@triumf.ca; ari.virtanen@phys.jyu.fi; fuochi@isof.cnr.it OI Virtanen, Ari/0000-0002-6591-6787 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Department of the Energy; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the U.S. Department of the Energy. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2904 EP 2913 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007799 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400011 ER PT J AU Black, JD Ball, DR Robinson, WH Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Reed, RA Black, DA Warren, KM Tipton, AD Dodd, PE Haddad, NF Xapsos, MA Kim, HS Friendlich, M AF Black, J. D. Ball, D. R., II Robinson, W. H. Fleetwood, D. M. Schrimpf, R. D. Reed, R. A. Black, D. A. Warren, K. M. Tipton, A. D. Dodd, P. E. Haddad, N. F. Xapsos, M. A. Kim, H. S. Friendlich, M. TI Characterizing SRAM Single Event Upset in Terms of Single and Multiple Node Charge Collection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heavy ion testing; multiple cell upset; single event modeling; SRAM ID INDUCED SOFT ERRORS; CMOS SRAMS; BIT UPSET; SIMULATION; RADIATION; DEVICES; MODEL; SEU AB A well-collapse source-injection mode for SRAM SEU is demonstrated through TCAD modeling. The recovery of the SRAM's state is shown to be based upon the resistive path from the p+-sources in the SRAM to the well. Multiple cell upset patterns for direct charge collection and the well-collapse source-injection mechanisms are predicted and compared to SRAM test data. C1 [Black, J. D.; Ball, D. R., II; Warren, K. M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Robinson, W. H.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Schrimpf, R. D.; Reed, R. A.; Tipton, A. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Black, D. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Off Dean, Sch Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Dodd, P. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Haddad, N. F.] BAE Syst, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Xapsos, M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kim, H. S.; Friendlich, M.] MEI Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Black, JD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM jeffrey.d.black@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program; Defense Threat Re-duction Agency Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program [NNG06GI61G]; United States Department of Energy; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [08-43421]; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program and the Defense Threat Re-duction Agency Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program under contract IACI 6 #NNG06GI61G to NASA. This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under DTRA IACRO #08-43421. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2943 EP 2947 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007231 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400016 ER PT J AU Hjalmarson, HP Pease, RL Devine, RAB AF Hjalmarson, Harold P. Pease, Ronald L. Devine, Roderick A. B. TI Calculations of Radiation Dose-Rate Sensitivity of Bipolar Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bimolecular reaction; bipolar junction transistor; cracking; dimerization; dose rate; ELDRS; excess base current; hole; hydrogen; interface trap; kinetics; proton; radiation; recombination; silicon dioxide ID INTERFACE-TRAP FORMATION; LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; GAIN DEGRADATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; POSITIVE CHARGE; PHYSICAL MODEL; BASE OXIDES; MECHANISMS; HYDROGEN; DEVICES AB Mechanisms for dose-rate dependent effects of ionizing radiation are described. Bimolecular mechanisms are shown to produce reduced effects at high dose rates. Calculations using, such mechanisms are shown to produce good agreement with data from devices affected by enhanced low dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS). C1 [Hjalmarson, Harold P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Pease, Ronald L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Devine, Roderick A. B.] EMRTC NMT, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Hjalmarson, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM Albu-hphjalm@sandia.gov; lsrl-pease@wildblue.net; devine@chtm.unm.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Lew Cohn of DTRA; NASA Electronic Parts Program FX Manuscript received July 12, 2008; revised September 30, 2008. Current version published December 31, 2008. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. R. L. Pease would like to thank Lew Cohn of DTRA and the NASA Electronic Parts Program for their support. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3009 EP 3015 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007487 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400026 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Inguimbert, C Twigg, ME Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Romero, MJ Summers, GR AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Inguimbert, Christophe Twigg, Mark E. Messenger, Scott R. Walters, Robert J. Romero, Manuel J. Summers, Geoffrey R. TI Effect of Proton and Silicon Ion Irradiation on Defect Formation in GaAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Defect formation; disordered regions; displacement damage; EBIC; GaAs; heavy ion; irradiation; NIEL; recoil spectrum; recombination centers; TEM ID LATENT TRACK FORMATION; INDUCED DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; SI-IMPLANTED GAAS; 40 MEV FULLERENES; RADIATION-DAMAGE; HEAVY-IONS; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; NIEL; ELECTRON; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Electrical and structural changes in GaAs are monitored using electron beam induced current (EBIC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements after irradiation by protons and silicon ions. It has been determined that higher energy protons (E >= 10 MeV) and silicon ions disordered regions that are electrically and structurally different than those produced by lower energy protons. The data suggest that these disordered regions are responsible for causing the deviations between experimental data and NIEL. From analyses of the recoil spectra, high energy recoils appear to be responsible for the formation of these disordered regions. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Twigg, Mark E.; Messenger, Scott R.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Warner, Jeffrey H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Inguimbert, Christophe] ONERA DESP, F-31005 Toulouse, France. [Romero, Manuel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Summers, Geoffrey R.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21253 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeffrey.Warner@nrl.navy.mil; inguimbert@onecert.fr; Manuel_Rornero@nrel.gov; gsummers@umbc.edu NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3016 EP 3024 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006266 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400027 ER PT J AU Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Vertneire, B Holbert, KE Wright, D Pease, RL Schrimpf, RD Fleetwood, DM Pantelides, ST Shaneyfelt, MR Adell, P AF Chen, X. Jie Barnaby, Hugh J. Vertneire, Bert Holbert, Keith E. Wright, David Pease, Ronald L. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Pantelides, Sokrates T. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Adell, Philippe TI Post-Irradiation Annealing Mechanisms of Defects Generated in Hydrogenated Bipolar Oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bipolar oxide; gated bipolar devices; interface traps; hydrogen; oxide trapped charge; radiation-induced ID DOSE-RATE SENSITIVITY; INTERFACE-TRAP FORMATION; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; MOS DEVICES; CHARGE; ENVIRONMENTS; DEGRADATION; PREDICTION; CIRCUITS AB Bipolar test structures were irradiated and annealed with various combinations of molecular hydrogen gas ambients, bias, and thermal conditions. The results show that the buildup and annealing behavior of defects in bipolar base oxides depend strongly on hydrogen concentration. Differences observed in trapped oxide charge annealing rates suggest that the charged defects created in hydrogen-rich environments may be attributed to different types of positive charge in addition to trapped holes. C1 [Chen, X. Jie; Barnaby, Hugh J.; Vertneire, Bert; Holbert, Keith E.; Wright, David] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pease, Ronald L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Schrimpf, Ronald D.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Shaneyfelt, Marty R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Adell, Philippe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chen, XJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM j.chen@asu.edu; rpease@rlpresearch.com; ron.schimpf@vanderbilt.edu; dan.fleetwood@vanderbilt.edu; pantelides@vanderbilt.edu; shaneymr@sandia.gov; philippe.c.adell@jpl.nasa.gov RI Holbert, Keith/B-6518-2008; Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013; OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701; Holbert, Keith/0000-0002-2772-1954 FU NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory with funding from the NASA Electronics Parts Program (NEPP); Air Force Office of Scientific Research with funding from the MURI program; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received July 11, 2008; revised September 09, 2008. Current version published December 31, 2008. This work is supported by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory with funding from the NASA Electronics Parts Program (NEPP), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research with funding from the MURI program. This work is also supported by the United States Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3032 EP 3038 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006972 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400029 ER PT J AU Batyrev, IG Hughart, D Durand, R Bounasser, M Tuttle, BR Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Rashkeev, SN Dunham, GW Law, ME Pantelides, ST AF Batyrev, I. G. Hughart, D. Durand, R. Bounasser, M. Tuttle, B. R. Fleetwood, D. M. Schrimpf, R. D. Rashkeev, S. N. Dunham, G. W. Law, M. E. Pantelides, S. T. TI Effects of Hydrogen on the Radiation Response of Bipolar Transistors: Experiment and Modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen soak; oxygen vacancy; radiation; simulations ID INTERFACE TRAPS; BORDER TRAPS; MECHANISMS; DEVICES; SIO2; OXIDES AB Reactions of H(2) in lateral, PNP BJTs are investigated through experiments and simulations. Pre-irradiation hydrogen exposure makes the devices more sensitive to ionizing radiation, which is explained through first-principles calculations and numerical simulations. Mechanisms for the cracking of hydrogen molecules and proton generation are proposed. We also suggest a mechanism of formation of border traps. When protons are trapped by oxygen vacancies right at or very near the interface, they form electrically active defects near the middle of the band gap. Activation energies of the reaction are used to construct rate equations. The rate equations are solved numerically to determine the spatial and temporal concentrations of hydrogen, holes, and protons. The calculated concentrations of interface and border traps agree well with the experimental results and help to explain the role of hydrogen in determining the total-dose response of BJTs. C1 [Batyrev, I. G.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hughart, D.; Durand, R.; Bounasser, M.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Schrimpf, R. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Rashkeev, S. N.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Dunham, G. W.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Law, M. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Batyrev, IG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM i.batyrev@vanderbilt.edu; david.r.hughart@vander-bilt.edu; brt10@psu.edu; dan.fleetwood@vanderbilt.edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; sergey.rashkeev@inl.gov; gary.dunham@navy.mil; law@tec.ufl.edu; pantelides@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 FU AFOSR MURI [FA9550-05-1-0306]; U.S. Navy; McMinn Endowment at Vanderbilt University FX Manuscript received July 11, 2008; revised September 12, 2008. Current version published December 31, 2008. This work was supported in pan by AFOSR MURI Grant (FA9550-05-1-0306), the U.S. Navy, and the McMinn Endowment at Vanderbilt University. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3039 EP 3045 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2009353 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400030 ER PT J AU Bielejec, E Vizkelethy, G Fleming, RM Wampler, WR Myers, SA King, DB AF Bielejec, E. Vizkelethy, G. Fleming, R. M. Wampler, W. R. Myers, S. A. King, D. B. TI Comparison Between Experimental and Simulation Results for Ion Beam and Neutron Irradiations in Silicon Bipolar Junction Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Damage equivalence; heavy ion irradiation; neutron damage; silicon bipolar transistor ID DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; RADIATION; DEVICES; PROTON AB We report on an early-time inverse gain comparison between ion and neutron irradiated silicon bipolar junction transistors. We find ion irradiations to be an excellent simulator for fast-burst neutrons for early-time behavior and damage creation rates. In addition we report on an experimental to simulation comparison of transient gain annealing response. The simulations are from a physics based modeling approach that is being developed at Sandia National Laboratories as part of the Qualification Alternatives to the Sandia Pulsed Reactor (QASPR) Program. We find excellent agreement between simulation and experiment across a wide range of irradiation conditions. C1 [Bielejec, E.; Vizkelethy, G.; Fleming, R. M.; Wampler, W. R.; Myers, S. A.; King, D. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bielejec, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM esbiele@sandia.gov; gvizkel@sandia.gov; rmflemi@sandia.gov; wrwampl@sandia.gov; smmyers@sandia.gov; dbking@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received July 11, 2008; revised September 22, 2009. Current version published December 31, 2008. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3055 EP 3059 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007561 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400032 ER PT J AU Quinn, H Graham, P Pratt, B AF Quinn, Heather Graham, Paul Pratt, Brian TI An Automated Approach to Estimating Hardness Assurance Issues in Triple-Modular Redundancy Circuits in Xilinx FPGAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fault identification; reliability analysis ID ERROR PROPAGATION; RELIABILITY; NETWORKS; TOOL AB The Xilinx Virtex family of static random access memory (SRAM) based field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices have made inroads into space-based computational platforms over the past decade. These devices are well-suited for digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms that are often used on orbit, providing the speedup of custom hardware without the cost of fabricating an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). SRAM FPGAs store the circuit in radiation-tolerant SRAM and SEUs can affect both the circuit functionality and the circuit state. Triple-modular redundancy (TMR) can be used to ask SEUs so that malfunctioning circuitry will not affect the output data. Unfortunately, applying TMR to a user circuit is difficult and unprotected cross-section is possible due to problems with the circuit design, device constraints, or the implementation of the user circuit on the FPGA. Given the complexity of these designs, estimating hardness assurance issues is not simple. This paper will present a tool, called the Scalable Tool for the Analysis of Reliable Circuits (STARC), that can automatically estimate unprotected cross-section and other hardness assurance issues for TMR-protected circuits. C1 [Quinn, Heather; Graham, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pratt, Brian] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hquinn@lanl.gov FU Department of Energy; NASA [NAG5-13516]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the FPGA Mission Assurance Center FX Manuscript received July 11, 2008; revised September 22, 2008 Current version published December 31, 2008. Document release number: LA-UR-08-04475. This work was funded by the Department of Energy through the Deployable Adaptive Processing Systems and Sensor-Ofiented Processing and Networking projects, NASA through the Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit Project under AIST contract #NAG5-13516, and the Air Force Research Laboratory under the FPGA Mission Assurance Center. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3070 EP 3076 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006750 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400034 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Dodd, PE Schwank, JR Dalton, SM Baggio, J Ferlet-Cavrois, W Paillet, P Blackmore, EW AF Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Felix, James A. Dodd, Paul E. Schwank, James R. Dalton, Scott M. Baggio, Jacques Ferlet-Cavrois, Wronique Paillet, Philippe Blackmore, Ewart W. TI Enhanced Proton and Neutron Induced Degradation and Its Impact on Hardness Assurance Testing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microdose effects; neutron effects; power MOSFETs; proton effects; radiation effects; radiation hardness assurance; radiation hardness assurance methodology; radiation hardness assurance testing; single event effects ID MOS DEVICES; X-RAY; BULK DAMAGE; DEPENDENCE; CHARGE; CO-60; IRRADIATIONS; ELECTRONICS; BUILDUP; FIELD AB It is shown that protons and neutrons can induce enhanced degradation in power MOSFETs, including both trench and planar geometry devices. Specifically, large shifts in current-voltage characteristics can be observed at extremely low proton total dose levels (as low as similar to 2 rad(SiO(2))). These shifts can induce significant increases in device "off" state leakage current. Neutron irradiations show similar degradation at equivalent fluence levels, even though neutrons do not deposit dose due to direct ionization. These data suggest that the mechanism responsible for the enhanced degradation is a microdose effect associated with secondary particles produced through nuclear interactions between protons and neutrons and the materials in integrated circuits. The secondary particles deposit enough charge in the gate oxide to induce a parasitic drain to source leakage path in the transistor. Although the results are demonstrated here for only trench and planar geometry power MOSFETs, microdose effects can impact the radiation response of other integrated circuit types. Hardness assurances issues implications are discussed. C1 [Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Felix, James A.; Dodd, Paul E.; Schwank, James R.; Dalton, Scott M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Baggio, Jacques; Ferlet-Cavrois, Wronique; Paillet, Philippe] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Blackmore, Ewart W.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T2A3, Canada. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov; jafelix@sandia.gov; pedodd@sandia.gov; schwanjr@sandia.gov; smdalto@sandia.gov; jacques.baggio@cea.fr; veronique.ferlet@cea.fr; philippe.paillet@cea.fr; ewb@triumf.ca FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; [DTRA IACRO, 08-43421] FX Manuscript received July 11, 2008; revised September 18, 2008 and September 24, 2008. Current version published December 31, 2008. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under DTRA IACRO, #08-43421. Sandia is a multiprograrn laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3096 EP 3105 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007124 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400038 ER PT J AU Charara, YM Townsend, LW Gabriel, TA Zeitlin, CJ Heilbronn, LH Miller, J AF Charara, Youssef M. Townsend, Lawrence W. Gabriel, Tony A. Zeitlin, Cary J. Heilbronn, Lawrence H. Miller, Jack TI HETC-HEDS Code Validation Using Laboratory Beam Energy Loss Spectra Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Experimental validation; particle beams; radiation effects; radiation transport codes ID CROSS-SECTIONS AB Recently, the Monte Carlo transport code HETC has been extended to include the interactions and transport of energetic heavy ions. Here, for the first time, we compare predictions of fragment production and energy loss with laboratory data measured at Brookhaven National Laboratory and at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan. Very good agreement is found for predicted and measured energy loss spectra for a variety of incident laboratory beams and targets. C1 [Charara, Youssef M.; Townsend, Lawrence W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gabriel, Tony A.] Sci Invest & Dev, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. [Zeitlin, Cary J.; Heilbronn, Lawrence H.; Miller, Jack] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Charara, YM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ysharara@tennessee.edu; ltownsen@tennessee.edu; jkgabriella@earthlink.net; zeitlin@boulder.swri.edu; lheilbro@utk.edu; j_miller@lbl.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNL07AA36C] FX Manuscript received July 10, 2008; revised September 08, 2008. Current version published December 31, 2008. This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract NNL07AA36C. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3164 EP 3168 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006607 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400048 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Adell, PC Rax, BG Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Holbert, KE Hjalmarson, HP AF Pease, Ronald L. Adell, Philippe Claude Rax, Bernard G. Chen, Xiao Jie Barnaby, Hugh J. Holbert, Keith E. Hjalmarson, Harold P. TI The Effects of Hydrogen on the Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS) of Bipolar Linear Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dose rate; enhanced low-dose rate sensitivity; hydrogen; interface traps; radiation effects; total ionizing dose; voltage comparator ID RADIATION; TRANSISTORS; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISMS; ICS AB It is experimentally demonstrated with test transistors and circuits that hydrogen is correlated with enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in bipolar linear circuits. These experiments show that the amount of hydrogen determines the total dose response versus dose rate, both the saturation at low dose rate and the transition dose rate between the high and low dose rate responses. The experimental results are supported with modeling calculations using REOS (Radiation Effects in Oxides and Semiconductors). C1 [Pease, Ronald L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Adell, Philippe Claude; Rax, Bernard G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chen, Xiao Jie; Barnaby, Hugh J.; Holbert, Keith E.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hjalmarson, Harold P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87186 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. EM rpease@rlpresearch.com; philippe.c.adell@jpl.nasa.gov; bernard.g.rax@jpl.nasa.gov; j.chen@asu.edu; hbarnaby@asu.edu; keith.holbert@asu.edu; hphjalm@sandia.gov RI Holbert, Keith/B-6518-2008; OI Holbert, Keith/0000-0002-2772-1954 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency with NAVSEA Crane and ATK Mission Research [N00164-02-D-6599]; NASA Electronic Parts Program; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received July 11, 2008; revised August 23, 2008. Current version published December 31, 2008. This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency through Contract N00164-02-D-6599 with NAVSEA Crane and ATK Mission Research and by the NASA Electronic Parts Program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3169 EP 3173 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006478 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400049 ER PT J AU Gasperin, A Paccagnella, A Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Ottogalli, F Pellizzer, F AF Gasperin, Alberto Paccagnella, Alessandro Schwank, James R. Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Ottogalli, Federica Pellizzer, Fabio TI Analysis of Proton and Heavy-Ion Irradiation Effects on Phase Change Memories With MOSFET and BJT Selectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chalcogenide material; GST; heavy ions; non-volatile memories; phase change memories (PCM); radiation effects ID SHALLOW-TRENCH ISOLATION; RADIATION; TECHNOLOGIES AB We study proton and heavy ion irradiation effects on Phase Change Memories (PCM) with MOSFET and BJT selectors and the effect of the irradiation on the retention characteristics of these devices. Proton irradiation produces noticeable variations in the cell distributions in PCM with MOSFET selectors moistly due to leakage currents affecting the transistors. PCM with BJT selectors show only small variations after proton irradiation. PCM cells do not appear to be impacted by heavy-ion irradiation. Using high temperature accelerated retention tests, we demonstrate that the retention capability of these memories is not compromised by the irradiation. C1 [Gasperin, Alberto; Paccagnella, Alessandro] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Gasperin, Alberto; Paccagnella, Alessandro] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Schwank, James R.; Vizkelethy, Gyorgy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ottogalli, Federica; Pellizzer, Fabio] Numonyx, Agrate Brianza, Italy. RP Gasperin, A (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM alberto.gasperin@dei.unipd.it; alessandro.paccagnella@dei.unipd.it; schwanjr@sandia.gov; gvizkel@sandia.gov; federica.ottogalli@nuimonyx.com; fabio.pellizzer@numonyx.com FU PRIN-MIUR, Italy; FIRB; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by PRIN-MIUR, Italy, project "Memorie non volatili nanometriche a cambiamento di fase", in part by FIRB, "Tecnologie innovative per lo sviluppo di memorie non volatili ad alta densita", and the Sandia portion of this work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3189 EP 3196 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007639 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400052 ER PT J AU Draper, B Dockerty, R Shaneyfelt, M Habermehl, S Murray, J AF Draper, Bruce Dockerty, Robert Shaneyfelt, Marty Habermehl, Scott Murray, James TI Total Dose Radiation Response of NROM-Style SOI Non-Volatile Memory Elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CMOS memory integrated circuits; radiation effects; radiation hardening; semiconductor radiation effects ID TRANSISTORS AB For the first time, NROM-style nonvolatile memory elements were fabricated in SOI and irradiated. Total dose characterizations of these transistors indicate that this new style of memory can be functional to at least 500 krad(SiO(2)). C1 [Draper, Bruce; Dockerty, Robert; Shaneyfelt, Marty; Habermehl, Scott; Murray, James] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. RP Draper, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation. a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3202 EP 3205 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007566 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400054 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Dasgupta, A Francis, SA Zhou, XJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST Felix, JA Dodd, PE Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Dalton, SM Swanson, SE Hash, GL Thornberg, SM Hochrein, JM Lum, GK AF Schwank, James R. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Dasgupta, Aritra Francis, S. A. Zhou, Xing J. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Pantelides, Sokrates T. Felix, James A. Dodd, Paul E. Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Paillet, Philippe Dalton, Scott M. Swanson, Scot E. Hash, Gerald L. Thornberg, Steve M. Hochrein, James M. Lum, Gary K. TI Effects of Moisture and Hydrogen Exposure on Radiation-Induced MOS Device Degradation and Its Implications for Long-Term Aging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aging effects; hydrogen exposure; ionizing radiation; moisture exposure; MOS radiation effects ID INTERFACE-TRAP BUILDUP; DOSE-RATE SENSITIVITY; 1/F NOISE; BORDER TRAPS; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; ANNEALING RESPONSE; OXIDE; IRRADIATION; CHARGE; RELIABILITY AB Transistors and ICs built in several different captive and commercial facilities were exposed to moisture, irradiated, and annealed. The moisture exposures were performed using highly accelerated stress test (HAST) at 130 degrees C and 85% relative humidity. Irradiation of n-channel transistors exposed to HAST followed by a long-term anneal resulted in some increase in interface-trap and oxide-trapped charge buildup. However, exposing p-channel transistors to HAST preirradiation resulted extremely large and unexpected voltage shifts immediately following irradiation. They-were observed for devices with either doped oxide or nitride final chip passivation. Because of this, nitride passivation may not be sufficient to prevent H(2)O from causing enhanced radiation-induced degradation over long time periods in some devices (e.g., commercial devices with nitride final chip passivation packaged in plastic packages). The smaller voltage shifts for the n-channel transistors may be related to the formation of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) overlying the sources and drains of the n-channel transistors impeding the diffusion of moisture to the gate oxides. It is shown that, the large radiation-induced voltage shifts for the p-channel transistors can lead to enhanced IC parametric degradation and functional failure at lower radiation levels. Large increases in radiation-induced field oxide leakage current were also observed for transistors exposed to HAST preirradiation. Transistors were also annealed (prior to irradiation) and irradiated in H(2). Approximately the same level of radiation-induced degradation was observed for n- and p-channel transistors suggesting that the diffusion kinetics for H(2) diffusion are considerably different than for H(2)O diffusion. These results raise the concern that exposure of devices to moisture or hydrogen can lead to long-term radiation-induced aging effects. C1 [Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Felix, James A.; Dodd, Paul E.; Swanson, Scot E.; Hash, Gerald L.; Thornberg, Steve M.; Hochrein, James M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dasgupta, Aritra; Francis, S. A.; Zhou, Xing J.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique; Paillet, Philippe] CEA DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Lum, Gary K.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM schwanjr@sandia.gov; shaneymr@sandia.gov; aritra.dasgupta@vanderbilt.edu; sarah.a.francis@vanderbilt.edu; zhoux@us.ibm.com; dan.fleetwood@vander-bilt.edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; pantelides@vanderbilt.edu; jim_felix@yahoo.com; pedodd@sandia.go; veronique.ferlet@cea.fr; philippe.paillet@cea.fr; smdalton@sandia.gov; swansose@sandia.gov; hashgl@sandia.gov; smthorn@sandia.gov; jmhochr@sandia.gov; gary.lum@lmco.com RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 FU U.S. Departments of Navy and Energy; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Departments of Navy and Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3206 EP 3215 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2005676 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400055 ER PT J AU Baze, MP Hughlock, B Wert, J Tostenrude, J Massengill, L Amusan, O Lacoe, R Lilja, K Johnson, M AF Baze, M. P. Hughlock, Barrie Wert, J. Tostenrude, Joe Massengill, Lloyd Amusan, Oluwole Lacoe, Ronald Lilja, Klas Johnson, Mike TI Angular Dependence of Single Event Sensitivity in Hardened Flip/Flop Designs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dual interlocked storage cell (DICE); flip-flop; linear energy transfer (LET); propagation; single event upset (SEU) ID UPSETS; CMOS AB SEU data on 90 nm structures displays a strong dependence on incident angle. A right parallelepiped (RPP) approximation is clearly not applicable to the observed response. This paper presents the data, possible mechanisms, and implications for testing and error rate predictions. C1 [Baze, M. P.; Hughlock, Barrie; Wert, J.; Tostenrude, Joe] Boeing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Massengill, Lloyd; Amusan, Oluwole] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Lacoe, Ronald] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Lilja, Klas] Robust Chip Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Johnson, Mike] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baze, MP (reprint author), Boeing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. FU DARPA [HR00111-04-C-0106]; DTRA [HDTRA-05-C-0001] FX This work supported by DARPA Contract #HR00111-04-C-0106 and DTRA Contract HDTRA-05-C-0001. NR 8 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3295 EP 3301 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2009115 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400067 ER PT J AU Heidel, DF Marshall, PW Label, KA Schwank, JR Rodbell, KP Hakey, MC Berg, MD Dodd, PE Friendlich, MR Phan, AD Seidleck, CM Shaneyfelt, MR Xapsos, MA AF Heidel, David F. Marshall, Paul W. LaBel, Kenneth A. Schwank, James R. Rodbell, Kenneth P. Hakey, Mark C. Berg, Melanie D. Dodd, Paul E. Friendlich, Mark R. Phan, Anthony D. Seidleck, Christina M. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Xapsos, Michael A. TI Low Energy Proton Single-Event-Upset Test Results on 65 nm SOI SRAM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Proton irradiation; silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology; single event upset (SEU); SRAM AB Experimental results are presented on proton induced single-event-upsets (SEU) on a 65 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) SRAM. The low energy proton SEU results are very different for the 65 nm SRAM as compared with SRAMs fabricated in previous technology generations. Specifically, no upset threshold is observed as the proton energy is decreased down to 1 MeV; and a sharp rise in the upset cross-section is observed below 1 MeV. The increase below 1 MeV is attributed to upsets caused by direct ionization from the low energy protons. The implications of the low energy proton upsets are discussed for space applications of 65 nm SRAMs; and the implications for radiation assurance testing are also discussed. C1 [Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Marshall, Paul W.] NASA, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. [LaBel, Kenneth A.; Xapsos, Michael A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schwank, James R.; Dodd, Paul E.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87175 USA. [Hakey, Mark C.] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Berg, Melanie D.; Friendlich, Mark R.; Phan, Anthony D.; Seidleck, Christina M.] MEI Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Heidel, DF (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM heidel@us.ibm.com; pwmar-shall@aol.com; kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov; schwanjr@sandia.gov; rodbell@us.ibm.com; mhakey@us.ibm.com; md-berg@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; pedodd@sandia.gov; mark.r.friendlich.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; an-thony.d.phan.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; christina.m.seidleck.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; shaneymr@sandia.gov; michael.a.xapsos@nasa.gov FU NASA Electronic and Parts Packaging Program; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Electronic and Parts Packaging Program, by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and by the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3394 EP 3400 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2005499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400082 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, A McMorrow, D Nation, SA Bhuva, BL Reed, RA Massengill, LW Loveless, TD Amusan, OA Black, JD Melinger, JS Baze, MP Ferlet-Cavrois, V Gaillardin, M Schwank, JR AF Balasubramanian, Anupama McMorrow, Dale Nation, Sarah A. Bhuva, Bharat L. Reed, Robert A. Massengill, Lloyd W. Loveless, Thomas D. Amusan, Oluwole A. Black, Jeffrey D. Melinger, Joseph S. Baze, Mark P. Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Gaillardin, Marc Schwank, James R. TI Pulsed Laser Single-Event Effects in Highly Scaled CMOS Technologies in the Presence of Dense Metal Coverage SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); laser; metal-fill; single event (SE); single-photon absorption (SPA); two-photon absorption (TPA) ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; SEU; VALIDATION AB Single-photon (SPA) and two-photon laser absorption (TPA) techniques are established as reliable, effective methods to study specific single-event (SE) phenomena in advanced CMOS technologies. However, dense metal-fill in these nanoscale processes can prevent the use of top-side SPA in some cases. This paper demonstrates a novel methodology enabling top-side laser SPA single-event effects (SEEs) measurements in the presence of dense metal-fill for a test circuit fabricated in a commercial 90 nm CMOS process and validates it using unimpeded, through-wafer TPA approach. This is achieved by measuring and comparing the SEU thresholds for the sample circuit using both techniques. C1 [Balasubramanian, Anupama; Nation, Sarah A.; Bhuva, Bharat L.; Reed, Robert A.; Massengill, Lloyd W.; Loveless, Thomas D.; Amusan, Oluwole A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Radiat Effects Grp, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Black, Jeffrey D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Baze, Mark P.] Boeing, Seattle, WA USA. [Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique; Gaillardin, Marc] CEA DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Schwank, James R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Balasubramanian, A (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Radiat Effects Grp, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM anuparna.balasubramanian@van-derbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Loveless, Thomas/G-9420-2011; Loveless, Thomas/C-7132-2016 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U. S. Department of Energy; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; French Ministry of Defence (MOD/DGA) FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The computational portion of this work was conducted through Vanderbilt University's Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education (ACCRE). The part of this work performed at the Naval Research Laboratory and the part performed at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The Sandia effort was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The part of the work performed at the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA/DIF) was supported by the French Ministry of Defence (MOD/DGA). NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3401 EP 3406 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007295 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400083 ER PT J AU Teifel, J AF Teifel, John TI Self-Voting Dual-Modular-Redundancy Circuits for Single-Event-Transient Mitigation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Asynchronous circuits; combinational logic; sequential logic; single event effects ID SET CHARACTERIZATION; GUARD-GATES; ELEMENT; DESIGN; TAG AB Dual-modular-redundancy (DMR) architectures use duplication and self-voting asynchronous circuits to mitigate single event transients (SETs). The area and performance of DMR circuitry is evaluated against conventional triple-modular-redundancy (TMR) logic. Benchmark ASIC circuits designed with DMR logic show a 10-24% area improvement for flip-Hop designs, and a 33% improvement for latch designs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Teifel, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jteifel@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3435 EP 3439 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2005583 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400088 ER PT J AU Holbert, KE Heger, AS Geschke, DM Stewart, RA AF Holbert, Keith E. Heger, A. Sharif Geschke, D. Michael Stewart, Ryan A. TI Prediction of Corning InfiniCor 300 Optical Fiber Attenuation at Low Gamma Dose Rates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray effects; optical fiber cables; optical fiber radiation effects; photon radiation effects ID RADIATION-INDUCED ATTENUATION; PULSED X-RAY; INDUCED DEFECTS; WAVE-GUIDES; IRRADIATION; NEUTRON; TEMPERATURE; WAVEGUIDES; DEPENDENCE; NONMETALS AB Experiments using dose rates of 40 and 1270 rads/min from Co-60 and dual optical wavelengths, 850 and 1310 nm, are conducted to estimate fiber optic attenuation at other dose rates using low order kinetics models. The irradiation-induced attenuation is fit to power and saturating exponential models. The 1310 nm data exhibit a linearly increasing term with the saturating exponential whereas the 850 nm results do not. Representation of the long-term low-dose-rate induced attenuation is an impetus for developing a difference equation fitting routine that better characterizes the signal loss and has the capability of predicting the attenuation at saturation. C1 [Holbert, Keith E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Heger, A. Sharif] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holbert, KE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM holbert@asu.edu; heger@lanl.gov; m@geschke.us; ryan.stewart@aps.com RI Holbert, Keith/B-6518-2008; OI Holbert, Keith/0000-0002-2772-1954 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [47467-001-07] FX This work was supported in part by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Subcontract 47467-001-07. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3515 EP 3522 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2005904 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398DS UT WOS:000262713400099 ER PT J AU Vandelli, W Abolins, M Battaglia, A Beck, HP Blair, R Bogaerts, AJ Bosman, M Ciobotaru, MD Cranfield, R Crone, G Dawson, J Dobinson, R Dobson, M Dos Anjos, A Drake, G Ermoline, Y Ferrari, R Ferrer, ML Francis, D Gadomski, S Gameiro, S Gorini, B Green, B Haberichter, W Haberli, C Hauser, R Hinkelbein, C Hughes-Jones, R Joos, M Kieft, G Klous, S Korcyl, K Kordas, K Kugel, A Leahu, L Lehmann, G Martin, B Mapelli, L Meessen, C Meirosu, C Misiejuk, A Mornacchi, G Muller, M Nagasaka, Y Negri, A Pasqualucci, E Pauly, T Petersen, J Pope, B Schlereth, J Spiwoks, R Stancu, S Strong, J Sushkov, S Szymocha, T Tremblet, L Unel, G Vermeulen, J Werner, P Wheeler-Ellis, S Wickens, F Wiedenmann, W Yu, M Yasu, Y Zhang, J Zobernig, H AF Vandelli, W. Abolins, M. Battaglia, A. Beck, H. P. Blair, R. Bogaerts, A. J. Bosman, M. Ciobotaru, M. D. Cranfield, R. Crone, G. Dawson, J. Dobinson, R. Dobson, M. Dos Anjos, A. Drake, G. Ermoline, Y. Ferrari, R. Ferrer, M. L. Francis, D. Gadomski, S. Gameiro, S. Gorini, B. Green, B. Haberichter, W. Haeberli, C. Hauser, R. Hinkelbein, C. Hughes-Jones, R. Joos, M. Kieft, G. Klous, S. Korcyl, K. Kordas, K. Kugel, A. Leahu, L. Lehmann, G. Martin, B. Mapelli, L. Meessen, C. Meirosu, C. Misiejuk, A. Mornacchi, G. Mueller, M. Nagasaka, Y. Negri, A. Pasqualucci, E. Pauly, T. Petersen, J. Pope, B. Schlereth, J. Spiwoks, R. Stancu, S. Strong, J. Sushkov, S. Szymocha, T. Tremblet, L. Unel, G. Vermeulen, J. Werner, P. Wheeler-Ellis, S. Wickens, F. Wiedenmann, W. Yu, M. Yasu, Y. Zhang, J. Zobernig, H. TI The ATLAS Event Builder SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bonding; computer network performance; data acquisition; nuclear physics; programming; software performance AB Event data from proton-proton collisions at the LHC will be selected by the ATLAS experiment in a three-level trigger system, which, at its first two trigger levels (LVL1+LVL2), reduces the initial bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz to similar to 3 kHz. At this rate, the Event Builder collects the data from the readout system PCs (ROSs) and provides fully assembled events to the Event Filter (EF). The EF is the third trigger level and its aim is to achieve a further rate reduction to similar to 200 Hz on the permanent storage. The Event Builder is based on a farm of O(100) PCs, interconnected via a Gigabit Ethernet to O(150) ROSs. These PCs run Linux and multi-threaded software applications implemented in C++. All the ROSs, and substantial fractions of the Event Builder and Event Filter PCs have been installed and commissioned. We report on performance tests on this initial system, which is capable of going beyond the required data rates and bandwidths for Event Building for the ATLAS experiment. C1 [Vandelli, W.; Bogaerts, A. J.; Dobinson, R.; Francis, D.; Gameiro, S.; Gorini, B.; Joos, M.; Lehmann, G.; Martin, B.; Mapelli, L.; Mornacchi, G.; Pauly, T.; Petersen, J.; Spiwoks, R.; Tremblet, L.; Unel, G.; Werner, P.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Abolins, M.; Ermoline, Y.; Hauser, R.; Pope, B.] Michigan State Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Battaglia, A.; Beck, H. P.; Haeberli, C.; Kordas, K.] Univ Bern, Lab High Energy Phys Dept, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Blair, R.; Dawson, J.; Drake, G.; Haberichter, W.; Schlereth, J.; Zhang, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bosman, M.; Sushkov, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Barcelona, Spain. [Ciobotaru, M. D.; Negri, A.; Stancu, S.; Wheeler-Ellis, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Cranfield, R.; Crone, G.] UCL, London, England. [Dos Anjos, A.; Wiedenmann, W.; Zobernig, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ferrari, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. [Ferrer, M. L.] INFN Frascati, Frascati, Italy. [Gadomski, S.] Univ Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. [Green, B.; Misiejuk, A.; Strong, J.] Univ London, Royal Holloway Coll, Dept Phys, London, England. [Hinkelbein, C.; Kugel, A.; Mueller, M.; Yu, M.] Univ Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. [Hughes-Jones, R.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Kieft, G.; Klous, S.; Vermeulen, J.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Korcyl, K.; Szymocha, T.] PAS, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Leahu, L.; Meirosu, C.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Meessen, C.] CPPM, Marseille, France. [Nagasaka, Y.] Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima, Japan. [Pasqualucci, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Pasqualucci, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Wickens, F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Yasu, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Vandelli, W (reprint author), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. EM wainer.vandelli@cern.ch RI Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; OI Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096 FU European Community's Sixth Framework Programme [MRTN-CT-2006-035606] FX This work was supported in part by a Marie Curie Early Stage Research Training Fellowship of the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme under contract number MRTN-CT-2006-035606. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3556 EP 3562 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006050 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400005 ER PT J AU Tringe, JW Conway, AM Felter, TE Chan, WJM Castelaz, J Lordi, V Xia, Y Stevens, CG Wetzel, C AF Tringe, J. W. Conway, A. M. Felter, T. E. Chan, W. J. Moberly Castelaz, J. Lordi, V. Xia, Y. Stevens, C. G. Wetzel, C. TI Radiation Effects on InGaN Quantum Wells and GaN Simultaneously Probed by Ion Beam-Induced Luminescence SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alpha particle; InGaN; light-emitting diode; quantum well; radiation ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ENERGY; ORIGIN AB InGaN quantum well structures on GaN epilayers were exposed to 500 keV alpha particles to fluences above 10(14) CM, to probe the relative radiation tolerance of the epilayer and wells. Performance was estimated by the intensity of ion-beam induced luminescence. Two separate types of quantum well structures emitted at 470 and 510 nm prior to irradiation, and only small wavelength shifts were observed even with the highest alpha fluences. Complementary cathodoluminescence experiments showed that luminescence in the quantum wells is strongly influenced by charges injected deep into the GaN epilayer. The 500 keV alpha penetration depth was similar to 1 mu m, so that defects were created at a faster rate in GaN compared to InGaN as alpha particles slowed and stopped within a minority carrier diffusion length of the quantum wells. However, the rate of luminescent decay was similar for both materials. Taken together with the cathodoluminescence data, this ion-beam induced luminescence comparison indicates that the quantum well luminescence decay rate is dominated by radiation-induced defects in the GaN epilayer. InGaN quantum wells are then demonstrated to be not more than a factor of ten more radiation sensitive than GaN, and may be substantially less sensitive than this upper bound. C1 [Tringe, J. W.; Conway, A. M.; Felter, T. E.; Chan, W. J. Moberly; Lordi, V.; Stevens, C. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Castelaz, J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Xia, Y.; Wetzel, C.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tringe2@lln1.gov; castelaz@stanford.edu; wetzel@rpi.edu RI Conway, Adam/C-3624-2009; Xia, Yong/I-6530-2013; Wetzel, Christian/O-4017-2014; OI Xia, Yong/0000-0003-3384-7155; Wetzel, Christian/0000-0002-6055-0990; Lordi, Vincenzo/0000-0003-2415-4656 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE/NETL Solid-State Lighting Contract of Directed Research [DE-FC26-06NT42860] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and by the DOE/NETL Solid-State Lighting Contract of Directed Research under DE-FC26-06NT42860. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3633 EP 3637 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006169 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400013 ER PT J AU Ziock, KP Fabris, L Carr, D Collins, J Cunningham, M Habte, F Karnowski, T Marchant, W AF Ziock, Klaus P. Fabris, Lorenzo Carr, Dennis Collins, Jeff Cunningham, Mark Habte, Frezghi Karnowski, Tom Marchant, William TI A Fieldable-Prototype, Large-Area, Gamma-Ray Imager for Orphan Source Search SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coded-aperture imager; gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray imagers; nuclear imaging; orphan source search ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS; CODED-APERTURE; SENSITIVITY; DETECTOR AB We have constructed a unique instrument for use in the search for orphan sources. The system uses gamma-ray imaging to "see through" the natural background variations that effectively limit the sensitivity of current devices. The imager is mounted in a 4.9-m-long trailer and can be towed by a large personal vehicle. Source locations are determined both in range and along the direction of travel as the vehicle moves. A fully inertial platform coupled to a global positioning system receiver is used to map the gamma-ray images onto overhead geospatial imagery. The resulting images provide precise source locations, allowing rapid follow-up work. The instrument simultaneously searches both sides of the street to a distance of 50 m (100-m swath) for millicurie-class sources with excellent performance as determined using source injection studies and Receiver-Operator-Characteristic techniques. C1 [Ziock, Klaus P.; Fabris, Lorenzo; Cunningham, Mark; Karnowski, Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Carr, Dennis; Collins, Jeff] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Marchant, William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ziockk@ornl.gov RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 FU Department of Homeland Security; Domestic Nuclear Detection Office; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle, LLC; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security and Domestic Nuclear Detection Office. Portions of the work were conducted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Portions of this work were conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3643 EP 3653 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006753 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400015 ER PT J AU Ziock, KP Collins, J Cunningham, M Fabris, L Gee, T Goddard, J Habte, F Karnowski, T AF Ziock, Klaus P. Collins, Jeff Cunningham, Mark Fabris, Lorenzo Gee, Timothy Goddard, James Habte, Frezghi Karnowski, Thomas TI The Use of Gamma-Ray Imaging to Improve Portal Monitor Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Coded-aperture imager; gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray imagers; nuclear imaging; radiation portal monitor ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS; CODED-APERTURE; IMAGER AB We have constructed a prototype, rapid-deployment portal monitor that uses visible-light and gamma-ray imaging to allow simultaneous monitoring of multiple lanes of traffic from the side of a roadway. Our Roadside Tracker uses automated target acquisition and tracking (TAT) software to identify and track vehicles in visible light images. The field of view of the visible camera overlaps with and is calibrated to that of a one-dimensional gamma-ray imager. The TAT code passes information on when vehicles enter and exit the system field of view and when they cross gamma-ray pixel boundaries. Based on this information, the gamma-ray imager "harvests" the gamma-ray data specific to each vehicle, integrating its radiation signature for the entire time that it is in the field of view. In this fashion we are able to generate vehicle-specific radiation signatures and avoid source confusion problems that plague nonimaging approaches to the same problem. C1 [Ziock, Klaus P.; Cunningham, Mark; Fabris, Lorenzo; Gee, Timothy; Goddard, James; Habte, Frezghi; Karnowski, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Collins, Jeff] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ziockk@ornl.gov RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3654 EP 3664 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007489 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400016 ER PT J AU Szelezniak, MA Besson, A Colledani, C Dorokhov, A Dulinski, W Greiner, LC Himmi, A Hu, C Matis, HS Ritter, HG Rose, AA Shabetai, A Stezelberger, T Sun, XM Thomas, JH Valin, I Vu, CQ Wieman, HH Winter, M AF Szelezniak, Michal A. Besson, Auguste Colledani, Claude Dorokhov, Andrei Dulinski, Wojciech Greiner, Leo C. Himmi, Abdelkader Hu, Christine Matis, Howard S. Ritter, Hans Georg Rose, Andrew A. Shabetai, Alexandre Stezelberger, Thorsten Sun, Xiangming Thomas, Jim H. Valin, Isabelle Vu, Chinh Q. Wieman, Howard H. Winter, Marc TI Small-Scale Readout System Prototype for the STAR PIXEL Detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cluster finding algorithm; complementary metal-oxide (CMOS) detectors; detector readout; silicon detectors ID SENSORS; TRACKING; PERFORMANCE; PROJECT AB A prototype readout system for the STAR PIXEL detector in the Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) vertex detector upgrade is presented. The PIXEL detector is a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) based silicon pixel vertex detector fabricated in a commercial CMOS process that integrates the detector and front-end electronics layers in one silicon die. Two generations of MAPS prototypes designed specifically for the PIXEL are discussed. We have constructed a prototype telescope system consisting of three small MAPS sensors arranged in three parallel and coaxial planes with a readout system based on the readout architecture for PIXEL. This proposed readout architecture is simple and scales to the size required to readout the final detector. The real-time hit finding algorithm necessary for data rate reduction in the 400 million pixel detector is described, and aspects of the PIXEL system integration into the existing STAR framework are addressed. The complete system has been recently tested and shown to be fully functional. C1 [Szelezniak, Michal A.; Greiner, Leo C.; Matis, Howard S.; Ritter, Hans Georg; Rose, Andrew A.; Stezelberger, Thorsten; Sun, Xiangming; Thomas, Jim H.; Vu, Chinh Q.; Wieman, Howard H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Besson, Auguste; Colledani, Claude; Dorokhov, Andrei; Dulinski, Wojciech; Himmi, Abdelkader; Hu, Christine; Shabetai, Alexandre; Valin, Isabelle; Winter, Marc] Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, F-670037 Strasbourg, France. RP Szelezniak, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MASzelezniak@lbl.gov; Auguste.Besson@ires.in2p3.fr; Claude.Colledani@ires.in2p3.fr; Andrei.Dorokhov@ires.in2p3.fr; Wojciech.Dulinski@ires.in2p3.fr; LCGreiner@lbl.gov; Abdelkader.Himmi@ires.in2p3.fr; Christine.Hu@ires.in2p3.fr; HSMatis@lbl.gov; HGRitter@lbl.gov; AARose@lbl.gov; Alexandre.Shabetai@ires.in2p3.fr; TStezelberger@lbl.gov; XSun@lbi.gov; JHThomas@lbl.gov; Isabelle.Valin@ires.in2p3.fr; CQVu@lbl.gov; HHWieman@lbl.gov; Marc.Winter@ires.in2p3.fr OI Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work wag supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Office of Nuclear Physics. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3665 EP 3672 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006681 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400017 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, D Boatner, LA Ramey, JO Wisniewska, M Neal, JS Jellison, GE AF Wisniewski, Dariusz Boatner, Lynn A. Ramey, Joanne O. Wisniewska, Monika Neal, John S. Jellison, Gerald E. TI Exploratory Research on the Development of Novel Ce3+-Activated Phosphate Glass Scintillators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray detectors; glass scintillators; neutron detectors; X-ray detectors ID LEAD-INDIUM PHOSPHATE; NEUTRON; TEMPERATURE; LUALO3-CE; CAF2 AB We report the discovery of a new family of Ce3(+)-activated phosphate glass scintillators that can be formed either with or without the addition of Li-6, for neutron or X-ray/gamma-ray radiation detection, respectively. Trivalent cerium can be efficiently introduced into these phosphate glasses in surprisingly high concentrations in the form of anhydrous cerium tri-chloride. Additionally, these glasses can be melted and poured at the relatively low temperatures of 1000-1050 degrees C (i.e., substantially lower than silicate glasses), and to retain the cerium in the trivalent state it is not necessary to maintain highly reducing conditions during the synthesis process. The family of alkaline-earth-alkali phosphate glasses investigated here represents a system with two dissimilar cations-thereby offering a large range of potential compositional variations, substitutions, and combinations. In order to alter the scintillator characteristics, we have explored part of that compositional space by studying Ca-Na, Ca-Li, Ca-Cs, Ca-Rb, Ca-K and Ca-Ba-Na phosphate glasses, as well as various co-doping and post-synthesis thermal processing schemes. A series of experiments under x ray, gamma ray, and neutron excitations was carried out. The broad, peaking at about 354 nm, UV scintillation of these glasses is well suited for applications that use common photomultipliers with bi-alkali photo-cathodes. Pulse shape measurements show that the primary component of the scintillation in most of these glasses corresponds to 75-90% of the emitted photons, and it decays with a time constant of 30 to 40 ns, which classifies these materials as reasonably fast scintillators. Although the gamma-induced light yield of these new scintillating phosphate glasses is, thus far, only about 30% of that of commercial GS20 silicate glass, due to the generally faster scintillation, the initial amplitude of the scintillation pulse of these glasses is close to that of the above-mentioned GS20 scintillator. C1 [Wisniewski, Dariusz; Boatner, Lynn A.; Ramey, Joanne O.; Wisniewska, Monika; Neal, John S.; Jellison, Gerald E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wisniewski, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wisniewskidj.@ornl.gov; boatnerla@ornl.gov; rameyjo@ornl.gov; wisniewskamn@ornl.gov; nealjs@ornl.gov; jellisongejr@ornl.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 FU NNSA Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering [NA-22]; USDOE; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research was carried out in the Center for Radiation Detection Materials and Systems at ORNL and is supported in part by the NNSA Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NA-22). USDOE and in part by the Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office. ORNL is operated by UT-Battelle. LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3692 EP 3702 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007567 PN 2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400020 ER PT J AU Camarda, GS Bolotnikov, AE Cui, YG Hossain, A Awadalla, SA MacKenzie, J Chen, H James, RB AF Camarda, Giuseppe S. Bolotnikov, Aleksey E. Cui, Yonggang Hossain, Anwar Awadalla, Salah A. MacKenzie, J. Chen, Henry James, Ralph B. TI Polarization Studies of CdZnTe Detectors Using Synchrotron X-Ray Radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdZnTE; X-ray Diffraction Topography (XDT); National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS); polarization; WXDT; X27B AB High densities of impurities and defects lead to severe charge-carrier trapping that can be major issues in assuring the high performance of CZT detectors. For some medical-imaging applications, the typical X-ray flux can be very high. Under such high irradiation conditions, the trapped charge builds up inside the detector affecting its stability. This phenomenon generally is termed the polarization effect. We conducted detailed studies on polarization in CZT crystals employing a highly collimated synchrotron X-ray radiation source available at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). We were able to induce polarization effects by irradiating specific areas within the detector. These measurements allowed us to make, for the first time, a quantitative comparison between areas where polarization is induced, and the electron- and hole-collection X-ray maps obtained at low flux, where no polarization is induced. We discuss the results of these polarization studies. C1 [Camarda, Giuseppe S.; Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.; Cui, Yonggang; Hossain, Anwar; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Awadalla, Salah A.; MacKenzie, J.; Chen, Henry] Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. RP Camarda, GS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM giuseppec@bnl.gov; bolotnik@bnl.gov; ycui@bnl.gov; hossain@bnl.gov; salah.awadalla@redlen.com; jasonmac@uvic.ca; henry.chen@redlen.com; rjames@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [NA-22]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering, NA-22. The manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3725 EP 3730 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2004707 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400024 ER PT J AU Mathes, M Cristinziani, M Da Via, C Garcia-Sciveres, M Einsweiler, K Hasi, J Kenney, C Parker, SI Reuen, L Ruspa, M Velthuis, J Watts, S Wermes, N AF Mathes, Markus Cristinziani, M. Da Via, C. Garcia-Sciveres, M. Einsweiler, K. Hasi, J. Kenney, C. Parker, S. I. Reuen, L. Ruspa, M. Velthuis, J. Watts, S. Wermes, Norbert TI Test Beam Characterization of 3-D Silicon Pixel Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pixel detectors; silicon radiation detectors; vertex detectors ID SENSORS; 3D AB Three-dimensional (3-D) silicon detectors are characterized by cylindrical electrodes perpendicular to the surface and penetrate into the bulk material in contrast to standard Si detectors with planar electrodes on the top and bottom. This geometry renders them particularly interesting to be used in environments where standard silicon detectors have limitations, such as, for example, the radiation environment expected in an upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. For the first time, several 3-D sensors were assembled as hybrid pixel detectors using the ATLAS-pixel front-end chip and readout electronics. Devices with different electrode configurations have been characterized in a 100 GeV pion beam at the CERN SPS. Here, we report results on unirradiated devices with three 3-D electrodes per 50 x 400 mu m(2) pixel area. Full charge collection is obtained already with comparatively low bias voltages around 10 V. Spatial resolution with binary readout is obtained as expected from the cell dimensions. Efficiencies of 95.9%+/- 0.1% for tracks incident parallel to the electrodes and of 99.9%+/- 0.1% for tracks incident at 15 degrees are measured. The homogeneity and charge sharing of the efficiency over the pixel area are measured. C1 [Mathes, Markus; Cristinziani, M.; Reuen, L.; Wermes, Norbert] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Da Via, C.; Hasi, J.; Watts, S.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Parker, S. I.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. [Ruspa, M.] Inst Nazl Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Kenney, C.] Mol Biol Consortium, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Garcia-Sciveres, M.; Einsweiler, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mathes, M (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM mathes@physik.uni-bonn.de; wermes@uni-bonn.de FU German Ministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) [06 HA6PD1]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the German Ministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) under Contract no. 06 HA6PD1 and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3731 EP 3735 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2005630 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400025 ER PT J AU Battaglia, M Bussat, JM Contarato, D Denes, P Giubilato, P Glesener, LE AF Battaglia, Marco Bussat, Jean-Marie Contarato, Devis Denes, Peter Giubilato, Piero Glesener, Lindsay E. TI Development of CMOS Monolithic Pixel Sensors With In-Pixel Correlated Double Sampling and Fast Readout SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Monolithic Si pixel sensors ID BEAM; SIMULATION; ILC AB This paper presents the design and results of detailed tests of a CMOS active pixel chip for charged particle detection with in-pixel charge storage for correlated double sampling and readout in rolling shutter mode at frequencies up to 25 MHz. This detector is developed in the framework of R&D for the Vertex Tracker for a future e(+)e(-) Linear Collider. C1 [Battaglia, Marco; Glesener, Lindsay E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. [Battaglia, Marco; Bussat, Jean-Marie; Contarato, Devis; Denes, Peter; Glesener, Lindsay E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Giubilato, Piero] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. EM mbattaglia@lbl.gov OI Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3746 EP 3750 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007484 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400028 ER PT J AU Renneke, RM Rosocha, LA Kim, Y AF Renneke, Richard M. Rosocha, Louis A. Kim, Yongho TI Temperature Effects on Gaseous Fuel Cracking Studies Using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Glow discharge devices; glow discharges; plasma applications ID HYDROCARBONS AB Fuel cracking using a plasma is one of the methods to enhance combustion by forming lighter hydrocarbons and hydrogen from heavier ones. Lighter hydrocarbons and hydrogen burn more cleanly and under much leaner burn conditions, thereby increasing combustion stability and producing less pollution (particularly oxides of nitrogen-NO(x)). The cracked fuel fragments are also expected to efficiently burn more, and thus, more energy can possibly be extracted from the fuel. Fuel cracking is accomplished at Los Alamos National Laboratory by using an ac annular dielectric barrier discharge (also called a silent electrical discharge). This forms a nonthermal plasma between the barrier (a ceramic tube) and the central electrode, which is typically charged to 5-10 W The nonthermal plasma is relatively cold, since electrons carry most of the energy and the ions and neutrals remain at approximately ambient temperature. Our experiments show that increased temperature inside the reactor elevates the stable concentration of CH(4) (methane), C(2)H(2) (acetylene), C(2)H(4) (ethylene), and C(3)H(8) (propane) from a C(2)H(6) (ethane) parent gas. The ac waveform was used to heat the dielectric barrier, which in turn heated the nonthermal plasma in the reactor. Results of these experiments were compared to a KINEMA model of ethane plasma chemistry. The model predicts the same global trends as the experimental data. This modeling shows that certain radical-forming reactions, and direct pathways for H(2), CH(4), and C(3)H(8), have enhanced reaction rates at higher temperatures compared to the ambient case. C1 [Renneke, Richard M.; Rosocha, Louis A.; Kim, Yongho] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Renneke, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 6 BP 2905 EP 2908 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.2003193 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 389AK UT WOS:000262061900005 ER PT J AU Wang, H Wereszczak, AA AF Wang, Hong Wereszczak, Andrew A. TI Effects of Electric Field and Biaxial Flexure on the Failure of Poled Lead Zirconate Titanate SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS; MULTILAYER ACTUATORS; VICKERS INDENTATION; CRACK-GROWTH; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; BATIO3 AB Reliable design of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezo stack actuators demands that several issues, including electromechanical coupling and ceramic strength-size scaling, be scrutinized. This study addresses those through the use of ball-on-ring (BoR) biaxial flexure strength tests of a PZT piezoelectric material that is concurrently subjected to an electric field. The Weibull strength distributions and fracture surfaces were examined, The mechanical failures were further analyzed in terms of internal stress, energy release rate, and domain-switching toughening. Both the sign and the magnitude of an electric field had a significant effect oil the strength of poled PZT within the tested range. A surface flaw type with an average depth of around 18 mu m was identified to be the strength limiter and responsible for the failure of the tested PZT under both mechanical and electromechanical loadings. With a value of 0.74 MPa.m(1/2) in the absence of electric field, the fracture toughness of the poled PZT was affected by an applied electric field just as the strength was affected. These results and observations have the potential to serve probabilistic reliability analysis and design optimization of multilayer PZT piezo actuators. C1 [Wang, Hong; Wereszczak, Andrew A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangh@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016; Wang, Hong/O-1987-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X; Wang, Hong/0000-0002-0173-0545 FU U.S, Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S, Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Freedom CAR. and Vehicle Technologies, as a part of the Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The work was supported in part by an appointment to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Postdoctoral Research Associates Program, sponsored by the U.S. DOE and administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 12 BP 2559 EP 2570 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2008.972 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 391GM UT WOS:000262221800004 PM 19126481 ER PT J AU Chartrand, R Staneva, V AF Chartrand, R. Staneva, V. TI Total variation regularisation of images corrupted by non-Gaussian noise using a quasi-Newton method SO IET IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID OUTLIERS AB The aim is to obtain efficient algorithms for image regularisation optimised for removing different types of noise. One can accomplish this by combining total variation regularisation with a noise-specific way to measure the fidelity between the noisy and the denoised images. To obtain a minimum of the resulting functional, a quasi-Newton method is proposed, which converges faster than the commonly used method of gradient descent. A unified algorithmic and theoretical framework for a general class of data-fidelity terms is presented. As examples, we consider Poisson noise and impulse noise. C1 [Chartrand, R.; Staneva, V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chartrand, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rickc@lanl.gov OI Staneva, Valentina/0000-0002-3412-0364 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9659 J9 IET IMAGE PROCESS JI IET Image Process. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1049/iet-ipr:20080017 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 380YM UT WOS:000261502000003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, J Marshall, D Shaw, S Gelinas, RE Cook, HT Pusey, CD AF Reynolds, J. Marshall, D. Shaw, S. Gelinas, R. E. Cook, H. T. Pusey, C. D. TI Effect of anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody therapy in experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in the CD1 mouse SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the British-Society-of-Immunology CY NOV 17-21, 2008 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP British Soc Immunol C1 [Reynolds, J.; Pusey, C. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, Renal Sect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Marshall, D.; Shaw, S.] UCB Celltech, Slough, Berks, England. [Gelinas, R. E.] Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Cook, H. T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Histopathol, London SW7 2AZ, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 125 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 398XL UT WOS:000262764800192 ER PT J AU Marques-Gallego, P den Dulk, H Brouwer, J Kooijman, H Spek, AL Roubeau, O Teat, SJ Reedijk, J AF Marques-Gallego, Patricia den Dulk, Hans Brouwer, Jaap Kooijman, Huub Spek, Anthony L. Roubeau, Olivier Teat, Simon J. Reedijk, Jan TI Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Studies in Solution and Cytotoxicity of Two New Fluorescent Platinum(II) Compounds Containing Anthracene Derivatives as a Carrier Ligand SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN-CARCINOMA CELLS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SULFOXIDE COMPLEXES; ANTICANCER DRUGS; LINKING LIGANDS; CIS-INFLUENCE; CISPLATIN; CARBOPLATIN; N,N'-BIS(AMINOALKYL)-1,4-DIAMINOANTHRAQUINONES; MICROSCOPY AB Two new cytotoxic fluorescent platinum(II) compounds, cis-[Pt(A9opy)Cl(2)] (1) and cis-[Pt(A9pyp)(DMSO)Cl(2)] (2), have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS); and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The carrier ligands selected for the synthesis of these fluorescent platinum(II) compounds are E-2-[1-(9-anthryl)-3-oxo-3-prop-2-enylpyridine) (abbreviated as A9opy) and E-1-(9-anthryl)-3-(2-pyridyl)-2-propenone (abbreviated as A9pyp). The compound cis-[Pt(A9opy)Cl(2)] (1) comprises a peculiar cis-platinum(II) organometallic compound, in which the platinum(II) ion is bound to the photoisomerizable carbon-carbon double bond of the carrier ligand. The effects of the metal-ion coordination on the photoisomerization of the carbon-carbon double bond of the ligand have been studied. In contrast, the carrier ligand A9pyp used for the synthesis of the cis-[Pt(A9pyp)(DMSO)Cl(2)] compound (2) does not undergo such an isomerization process and remains in the E conformation, while coordinated to the platinum(II) ion through the nitrogen of the pyridine ring. In addition to the synthesis and characterization, solution studies of both compounds have also been performed in detail, including NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopy. Moreover, a high degree of cytotoxic activity of compound 1 was found, as compared to cisplatin and its corresponding platinum-free molecule, in a series of human tumor cell lines. Compound 2 was also found to be highly active against these cell lines but appeared less active compared to the platinum-free molecule. C1 [Marques-Gallego, Patricia; den Dulk, Hans; Brouwer, Jaap; Reedijk, Jan] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Kooijman, Huub; Spek, Anthony L.] Univ Utrecht, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Roubeau, Olivier] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France. [Teat, Simon J.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reedijk, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM reedijk@chem.leidenuniv.nl RI Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010; Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Marques Gallego, Patricia/A-6191-2014 OI Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843; Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Marques Gallego, Patricia/0000-0002-5496-9103 FU COST Actions [D39/0006/02, D39/0005/11] FX The support and sponsorship concerted by COST Actions D39/0006/02 and D39/0005/11 is kindly acknowledged. The authors thank Johnson & Matthey (Reading, U.K.) for their generous loan of K2PtCl4. The cytotoxicity test of the compounds was generously supported by PCN (Tava-pharmachemie) Nederland. For the crystal data collection of compound 2, we acknowledge Dr. Patrick Gamez and Dr. Guillem Aromi. Dr. Stefania Grecea is acknowledged for stimulating discussions. Fons Lefeber, Jos van Brussel, John APP van Dijk, and Jopie A. Erkelens-Duijndam are acknowledged for assistance with the NMR techniques; for the C, H, and N analyses; and for the ESI-MS determinations, respectively. Both A2780 cell lines were kindly provided by Prof. Dr. Carmen Navarro-Ranninger (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain). NR 55 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 23 BP 11171 EP 11179 DI 10.1021/ic8014767 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 375VW UT WOS:000261142900044 PM 18975941 ER PT J AU Boro, BJ Duesler, EN Goldberg, KI Kemp, RA AF Boro, Brian J. Duesler, Eileen N. Goldberg, Karen I. Kemp, Richard A. TI An unprecedented bonding mode for potassium within a PCP-pincer palladium hydride-K-Selectride (R) complex SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Tridentate ligands; Pd complexes; Crystal structure; Hydride ligands ID ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; INSERTION; LIGANDS; CATALYSIS; TRANSFORMATIONS; REACTIVITY; MECHANISM; PLATINUM AB The reaction of (PCP)(i-Pr)PdCl and the commonly-used reductant K-Selectride (R) solution [K(sec-Bu(3)BH) in THF] does not yield a simple (PCP)(i-Pr)PdH species, but rather an adduct of the Pd-H that contains bound K(sec-Bu(3)BH). This adduct has been characterized by X-ray crystallography and shown to be a centrosymmetric dimer in the solid state. The most unique feature of the structure is that the tri-coordinate K(+) ion bonds only to the terminal palladium hydride and the two bridging boron hydrides. Despite being prepared in THF, no other donor ligands are bound to K(+). This [H(3)K](+) bonding mode for K(+) ions has not been previously reported. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boro, Brian J.; Duesler, Eileen N.; Kemp, Richard A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Goldberg, Karen I.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kemp, Richard A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Kemp, RA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rakemp@unm.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER15765]; National Science Foundation CRIF:MU award to the University of New Mexico [CHE-0443580]; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-06ER15765). The Bruker X-ray diffractometer was purchased via a National Science Foundation CRIF:MU award to the University of New Mexico (CHE-0443580). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. We also thank Dr. Diane A. Dickie of our UNM research group for useful discussions regarding the crystal structure. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1426 EP 1429 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.09.021 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 386CG UT WOS:000261859300003 ER PT J AU Salve, R Krakauer, NY Kowalsky, MB Finsterle, S AF Salve, Rohit Krakauer, Nir Y. Kowalsky, Michael B. Finsterle, Stefan TI A qualitative assessment of microclimatic perturbations in a tunnel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE condensation; evaporation; fractured rock; microclimate; monitoring techniques; tunnels ID CAVE AB Understanding microclimate dynamics in tunnels is important for designing, operating, and maintaining underground facilities. For example, for the geological disposal of radioactive materials, condensation of vapour should be minimized as liquid water call accelerate waste package corrosion and radionuclide release. While microclimate dynamics are known to be dominated by the advection of heal and Moisture, additional factors may also be important, Such as the presence of fractures or faults. We present data collected using I relatively inexpensive method that is under development to assess microclimatic perturbations underground. By combining standard temperature and relative humidity sensors with low-cost sensors designed to detect changes in water content, we were able to infer microclimate dynamics along a tunnel at the proposed geological repository at. Yucca Mountain, Nevada. We observed significant differences in the pattern of condensation in it faulted Zone relative to that of a non-faulted zone, suggesting that hydrogeologic features have to be accounted for when evaluating the microclimate dynamics of excavated cavities in fractured, partially saturated rocks. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Soils, Ltd. C1 [Salve, Rohit; Kowalsky, Michael B.; Finsterle, Stefan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salve, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM R_Salve@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 FU U.S. Department of Energy [QA-B004220RB3X, DE-AC03]; Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate and Global Change FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, U.S. Department of Energy, through Memorandum Purchase Order QA-B004220RB3X between Bechtel SAIC Company, LLC, and the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). The support is provided to Berkeley Lab through the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC03. NYK was Supported by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship. Reviews by Paul Cook and Dan Hawkes are gratefully acknowledged. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 15 BP 2081 EP U3 DI 10.1002/joc.1697 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 385JO UT WOS:000261810700006 ER PT J AU Robinett, RD Wilson, DG AF Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. TI What is a limit cycle? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hamiltonian mechanics; limit cycle; non-linear systems ID NONLINEARITY; BEHAVIOR; AIRFOIL AB A limit cycle is the stability boundary for linear and non-linear control systems. Hamiltonian mechanics and power flow control are employed to demonstrate this property of limit cycles. The presentation begins with the concept of linear limit cycles which is extended to non-linear limit cycles. Many examples are used to demonstrate these concepts including linear and non-linear oscillators, power engineering, and an extension to a class of plane differential systems. Power flow control based on Hamiltonian mechanics is shown to be applicable to a large class of non-linear systems. Finally, eigenanalysis and flight stability for linear systems are extended to non-linear systems and is referred to as 'the power flow principle of stability for non-linear systems'. C1 [Robinett, Rush D., III; Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwilso@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD DEC PY 2008 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1886 EP 1900 DI 10.1080/00207170801927163 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 399TL UT WOS:000262822100006 ER PT J AU Teh, KY Miller, SL Edwards, CF AF Teh, K-Y Miller, S. L. Edwards, C. F. TI Thermodynamic requirements for maximum internal combustion engine cycle efficiency. Part 1: optimal combustion strategy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE combustion; entropy generation; exergy destruction; internal combustion engine efficiency; optimal engine cycle; thermodynamics ID AVAILABILITY EXERGY; DESTRUCTION AB This is the first of a two-part study that examines, from the exergy management standpoint, the fundamental thermodynamic requirements for maximizing internal combustion (IC) engine cycle efficiency. The optimal cycle is shown to comprise three distinct engine architectural elements - reactant preparation, combustion, and work extraction from the products - each of which can be analysed separately. This study shows, based on dynamical system optimization, that it is the equilibrium thermodynamics (specifically, the constant-internal energy-volume (UV) product state at the end of combustion) and not chemical kinetics (i.e. reactions taking place during combustion) that ultimately dictates the amount of exergy destroyed due to combustion. The strategy for minimizing this destruction term reduces to carrying out reactions at the highest possible internal energy state - following what may be called the 'extreme state' principle - so as to minimize the corresponding constant-UV entropy change from reactants to equilibrium products. The extreme state principle remains unaltered when system inhomogeneity (from fuel vaporization and mixing with air) and heat loss are accounted for. Based on this optimal combustion strategy, the companion paper examines the remaining elements of the engine cycle (reactant preparation and work extraction) so as to improve overall cycle efficiency. C1 [Teh, K-Y; Miller, S. L.; Edwards, C. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Teh, KY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS9052, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kteh@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 449 EP 465 DI 10.1243/14680874JER01508 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 377VW UT WOS:000261280900002 ER PT J AU Teh, KY Miller, SL Edwards, CF AF Teh, K-Y Miller, S. L. Edwards, C. F. TI Thermodynamic requirements for maximum internal combustion engine cycle efficiency. Part 2: work extraction and reactant preparation strategies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE combustion; entropy generation; exergy destruction; internal combustion engine efficiency; optimal engine cycle; thermodynamics AB This is the second of a two-part study that examines, from the exergy management standpoint, the fundamental thermodynamic requirements for maximizing internal combustion (IQ engine cycle efficiency. In Part 1, it is shown that the strategy to minimize exergy destroyed due to combustion reduces to carrying out combustion at the highest possible internal energy state. Based on this optimal strategy, the present paper examines the remaining elements of IC engine architecture - reactant preparation and product expansion (work extraction) - from the standpoint of managing the associated exergy flows to improve overall engine efficiency. Mien considered on its own, work extraction is maximized when the combustion products expand to the environmental dead state, with zero exergy left in the exhaust. However, this optimality condition is mismatched to post-combustion conditions for most fuel-air systems, and manifests as hot exhaust with high exergy even upon expansion to ambient pressure. Several strategies to alleviate the mismatch, via preparation of the fuel-air mixture before combustion commences, are considered: reactant compression, dilution with exhaust or excess air, and heating or cooling. These strategies entail trade-offs between exergy destruction due to combustion, and exergy transfers in the form of work (compression), matter (dilution), or heat transfer. The consequent effects on optimal IC engine cycle efficiency are systematically analysed and catalogued. C1 [Teh, K-Y; Miller, S. L.; Edwards, C. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Teh, KY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS9052, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kteh@sandia.gov FU Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) FX The authors would like to thank Ms Robin Bell for her assistance with the thermodynamic calculations, as well as Mr Han Ho Song and Mr Sankaran Ramakrishnan for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) at Stanford University. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 467 EP 481 DI 10.1243/14680874JER01608 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 377VW UT WOS:000261280900003 ER PT J AU Haji-Sheikh, A Beck, JV Amos, DE AF Haji-Sheikh, A. Beck, J. V. Amos, Donald E. TI Axial heat conduction effects in the entrance region of parallel plate ducts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Heat transfer; Convection; Axial conduction; Duct flow; Thermal entrance; Parallel-plate ducts ID DEVELOPING FORCED-CONVECTION; CIRCULAR POROUS PASSAGES; GRAETZ PROBLEM; FLOW; CHANNEL; WALLS; TEMPERATURE; FLUID; TUBE AB Exact series solutions for the computation of temperature in parallel plate channels and circular passages are well known. The inclusion of the contribution of axial conduction leads to a set of modified Graetz type problems for these fluid passages. The emphasis of this paper is the study of the asymptotic variations of wall heat flux values adjacent to the thermal entrance location for parallel plate ducts. The acquired results show interesting variations for different values of the Peclet number near the thermal entrance location. This study reports the unique variations of the wall heat flux Values near the location where the wall temperature changes as the Peclet number changes. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haji-Sheikh, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Beck, J. V.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Amos, Donald E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haji-Sheikh, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM haji@uta.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 25-26 BP 5811 EP 5822 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.04.056 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 382TR UT WOS:000261628800008 ER PT J AU de Monte, F Beck, JV Amos, DE AF de Monte, Filippo Beck, James V. Amos, Donald E. TI Diffusion of thermal disturbances in two-dimensional Cartesian transient heat conduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; Thermal disturbances; Computational saving; Penetration time; Deviation time; Visual time; Differential formulation AB This paper analyzes the diffusion of thermal disturbances in heat-conducting two-dimensional rectangular bodies through characteristic times, such as penetration and deviation times, denoting their effects within a certain order of magnitude. A single basic criterion governing the above diffusion is derived thanks to the similarity of the findings. it allows very accurate solutions to be obtained considering in advance only the physical region of interest in place of considering the complete body. Therefore, it is efficient in terms of modeling and computational effort in numerically based methods as well as analytical techniques. In the former case, the grid domain can considerably be reduced. In the latter case, the number of terms needed to obtain long-time solutions when time-partitioning is applied can significantly be limited. Also, complex 1D and 2D semi-infinite problems are solved explicitly in the paper and evaluated numerically as part of the analysis. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [de Monte, Filippo] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan Energet & Gestionale, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. [Beck, James V.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Amos, Donald E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP de Monte, F (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan Energet & Gestionale, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. EM demonte@ing.univaq.it; beck@egr.msu.edu; deamos@swcp.com OI de Monte, Filippo/0000-0003-0174-6990 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 25-26 BP 5931 EP 5941 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.05.015 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 382TR UT WOS:000261628800021 ER PT J AU Laurinavichene, TV Tekucheva, DN Laurinavichius, KS Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M Tsyankov, AA AF Laurinavichene, Tatyana V. Tekucheva, Darya N. Laurinavichius, Kestutis S. Ghirardi, Maria L. Seibert, Michael Tsyankov, Anatoly A. TI Towards the integration of dark and photo fermentative waste treatment. 1. Hydrogen photoproduction by purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus using potential products of starch fermentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Purple bacteria; Hydrogen photoproduction; Fermentation effluent ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA; BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION; PRACTICAL APPLICATION; PURE CULTURES; FATTY-ACIDS; GROWTH; ACETATE; WATER; LIMITATIONS; PROSPECTS AB In this study, the H(2)-photoproduction capacity of Rhodobacter capsulatus B10 was measured as a function of variations in the nature and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and other products of dark fermentation. when an equimolar mixture of VFAs was provided, C4 substrates (butyrate and isobutyrate) were not consumed until the C2-C3 substrates (acetate, propionate, and lactate) became unavailable, but in order for the cells to produce H(2) at high rates they could not be exposed to severe growth substrate depletion. Among other possible fermentation products, the highest inhibition was observed by the addition of butanol (50% inhibition at 50 mM). The influence of high concentrations of VFAs, phosphate (used to stabilize the pH during dark fermentation) and some heavy metals (known inhibitors of methanogenesis) was also shown. Based on the results, the conditions of fermentation can be manipulated to avoid the inhibition of subsequent H(2) photoproduction by photosynthetic bacteria. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laurinavichene, Tatyana V.; Tekucheva, Darya N.; Tsyankov, Anatoly A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [Laurinavichius, Kestutis S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physiol & Biochem Microorganisms, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [Ghirardi, Maria L.; Seibert, Michael] Basic Sci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tsyankov, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. EM ttt@issp.serpukhov.su FU Program of Basic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences [7]; Russian Foundation of Basic Research [08-08-12196]; NREL [NFA-7-77613-01]; US Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Infrastructure Technology Program FX This work was supported by the Program of Basic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences #7; the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (08-08-12196); subcontract NFA-7-77613-01 from NREL (Golden, CO, USA); and by the US Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Infrastructure Technology Program (MS and MLG). NR 23 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 23 BP 7020 EP 7026 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.033 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 386YG UT WOS:000261917900024 ER PT J AU Wallner, T Lohse-Busch, H Gurski, S Duoba, M Thiel, W Martin, D Korn, T AF Wallner, Thomas Lohse-Busch, Hennning Gurski, Stephen Duoba, Mike Thiel, Wolfgang Martin, Dieter Korn, Thomas TI Fuel economy and emissions evaluation of BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel demonstration vehicles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE BMW Hydrogen 7; Efficiency; Emissions AB This article summarizes the testing of two BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel demonstration vehicles at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Powertrain Research Facility (APRF). The BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel demonstration vehicles are derived from the BMW Hydrogen 7 bi-fuel vehicles and based on a BMW 760iL. The mono-fuel as well as the bi-fuel vehicle(s) is equipped with cryogenic hydrogen on-board storage and a gaseous hydrogen port fuel injection system. The BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel demonstration vehicles were tested for fuel economy as well as emissions on the Federal Test Procedure FTP-75 cold-start test as well as the highway test. The results show that these vehicles achieve emissions levels that are only a fraction of the Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (SULEV) standard for nitric oxide (NO.) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. For non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions the cycle-averaged emissions are actually 0 g/mile, which require the car to actively reduce emissions compared to the ambient concentration. The fuel economy numbers on the FTP-75 test were 3.7 kg of hydrogen per 100 km, which, on an energy basis, is equivalent to a gasoline fuel consumption of 17 miles per gallon (mpg). Fuel economy numbers for the highway cycle were determined to be 2.1 kg of hydrogen per 100 km or 30 miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE). In addition to cycle-averaged emissions and fuel economy numbers, time-resolved (modal) emissions as well as air/fuel ratio data is analyzed to further investigate the root causes of the remaining emissions traces. The BMW Hydrogen 7 vehicles employ a switching strategy with lean engine operation at low engine loads and stoichiometric operation at high engine loads that avoids the NO(x) emissions critical operating regime with relative air/fuel ratios between 1 < lambda < 2. The switching between these operating modes was found to be a major source of the remaining NO(x) emissions. The emissions results collected during this period lead to the conclusion that the BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel demonstration vehicles are likely the cleanest combustion engine vehicles ever tested at Argonne's APRF. (c) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wallner, Thomas; Lohse-Busch, Hennning; Gurski, Stephen; Duoba, Mike] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Thiel, Wolfgang; Martin, Dieter] BMW Grp, D-80788 Munich, Germany. [Korn, Thomas] BMW Grp, Oxnard, CA 93033 USA. RP Wallner, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM twallner@anl.gov FU Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE's FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program FX This research was funded by DOE's FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program, office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The authors wish to thank Lee Slezak and Gurpreet Singh, program managers at DOE, for their continuing support of hydrogen activities. Testing of the BMW Hydrogen 7 vehicles was only possible with the extensive support through BMW of North America, LLC as well as BMW Group in Munich. The authors would like to express the gratitude to all the individuals from BMW involved in preparing, performing as well as analyzing these tests. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 24 BP 7607 EP 7618 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.08.067 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 389FX UT WOS:000262077900034 ER PT J AU Alexander, CS Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Templeton, DW AF Alexander, C. S. Chhabildas, L. C. Reinhart, W. D. Templeton, D. W. TI Changes to the shock response of fused quartz due to glass modification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Shock; Glass; Random network model; Glass modifiers; Fused silica ID SODA-LIME GLASS; WAVE COMPRESSION; STISHOVITE; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE AB Silica based glasses are commonly used as window material in applications which are subject to high velocity impacts. Thorough understanding of the response to shock loading in these materials is crucial to the development of new designs. Despite the lack of long range order in amorphous glasses, the structure can be described statistically by the random network model. Changes to the network structure alter the response to shock loading. Results indicate that in fused silica, substitution of boron as a network former does not have a large effect on the shock loading properties while modifying the network with sodium and calcium changes the dynamic response. These initial results suggest the potential of a predictive capability to determine the effects of other network substitutions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Alexander, C. S.; Chhabildas, L. C.; Reinhart, W. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Templeton, D. W.] US Army Tank Automot Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Alexander, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM calexa@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1376 EP 1385 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500004 ER PT J AU Borg, JP Vogler, TJ AF Borg, J. P. Vogler, T. J. TI Mesoscale simulations of a dart penetrating sand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Mesoscale simulations; Porous compaction; Penetration dynamics; Sand ID SHOCK-WAVES; OTTAWA SAND; IMPACT; QUARTZ; COMPRESSION; PROJECTILES; CONCRETE; VELOCITIES; DYNAMICS; EQUATION AB Historically, hydrodynamic calculations have utilized continuum constitutive models to simulate the coupled dynamic response of a solid projectile penetrating a heterogeneous target system such as concrete, foam or a granular porous medium. Continuum models fail to capture the complicated grain level response within the heterogeneous target which can result in asymmetric loading of the projectile leading to variations in projectile performance. These grain level effects can be crucial to predicting the penetration depth or overall effectiveness of the projectile. In order to assess the possibility of using mesoscale simulations to resolve the grain level dynamics, hydrodynamic simulations were performed for an 11.4 cm long, 0.9 cm diameter dart penetrating a bed of porous granular dry sand with an initial velocity of 366 m/s. Simulations were performed using the Eulerian hydrocode CTH in a two-dimensional planar configuration. The goal of the mesoscale simulations is to determine the viability of using these techniques as an alternative to continuum models and to assess the effects of grain level variability such as anisotropic material distributions and variations in the dynamic yield and fracture strength. The results indicate that variations in the size distribution of aggregate added and the fracture strength of the sand system can have a significant effect on penetration performance of the dart; whereas variations in the dynamic strength of the sand had little effect on the dart penetration. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Borg, J. P.] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Vogler, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Borg, JP (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. EM john.borg@marquette.edu RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1435 EP 1440 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.064 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500012 ER PT J AU Boslough, MBE Crawford, DA AF Boslough, M. B. E. Crawford, D. A. TI Low-altitude airbursts and the impact threat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE CTH; Hydrocode; Airburst; Planetology; Asteroid ID 1908 TUNGUSKA EXPLOSION; LIBYAN DESERT GLASS; SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9; EARTH; ORIGIN; BODY AB We present CTH simulations of airbursts in the Earth's lower atmosphere from hypervelocity asteroid impacts. The intent of these simulations was to explore the phenomenology associated with low-altitude airbursts, with the particular goal of determining whether the altitude of maximum energy deposition can be used as a reasonable estimate of the equivalent height of a point source explosion. Our simulations suggest that this is not a good approximation. The center of mass of an exploding projectile is transported downward in the form of a high-temperature jet of expanding gas. The jet descends by a significant fraction of the burst altitude before its velocity becomes subsonic. The time scale of this descent is similar to the time scale of the explosion itself, so the jet simultaneously couples its kinetic energy and its internal energy to the atmosphere. Because of this downward flow, larger blast waves and stronger thermal radiation pulses are felt at the surface than would be predicted by a point source explosion at the height where the burst was initiated. For impacts with a kinetic energy above some threshold, the hot jet of vaporized projectile (the descending "fireball") makes contact with the Earth's surface, where it expands radially. During the time of radial expansion, the fireball can maintain temperatures well above the melting temperature of silicate minerals, and its radial velocity can exceed the sound speed in air. We suggest that the surface materials can ablate by radiative/convective melting under these conditions, and then quench rapidly to form glass after the fireball cools and recedes. Possible examples of such airburst glasses are the Muong-Nong Tektites of Southeast Asia and the Libyan Desert Glass of western Egypt. We suggest an enhancement of entry dynamics models to account for the downward advection of shocked and heated material, and the lowering of the apparent airburst altitude. The actual differences between the effects on the ground from a point source approximation versus a full flow field still need to be quantified by running more realistic high-resolution 3-D simulations with a variety of impact parameters. A re-evaluation of the impact hazard is necessary to properly include this enhanced damage potential of low-altitude airbursts. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boslough, M. B. E.; Crawford, D. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boslough, MBE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mbboslo@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1441 EP 1448 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.053 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500013 ER PT J AU Remo, JL Furnish, MD AF Remo, J. L. Furnish, M. D. TI Analysis of Z-pinch shock wave experiments on meteorite and planetary materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Meteorite; Z-pinch; Coupling ID DRIVEN SHOCK; RADIATION; PRESSURE AB The response of a range of meteorite and planetary materials of astrophysical and planetary science interest to pulsed high-energy-density soft X-ray irradiation from the Sandia National Laboratories Zpinch accelerator is described. These materials include selected iron and stony meteorites, magnesium-rich olivine (dunite), and AI and Fe calibration materials. In each experiment, the motion of the rear surface of the sample was monitored by velocity interferometry. From the resulting waveform and information about the incident pulse, information about the radiation coupling and the response of the sample to stress waves was deduced. The primary Planckian Z-pinch soft X-ray stagnation emissions have black body equivalent temperatures in the range 170-237 eV, with similar to 1-10% K-alpha radiation derived from the pinch material (Cu, Al, Ni or steel). Hohlraum intensities at the stagnation pinch were in the range 84-316 TW/cm(2) on time scales from 3.0 to 8.2 ns, and from 43 to 260 GW/cm(2) at the sample positions 7-14 cm away from the pinch center, assuming an inverse-square radial dependence along a line-of-sight distance. This is analytically estimated to generate target surface radiation pressure of 6.1-12.4 GPa. The very short duration of the loading pulse establishes an attenuating shock wave. Consistent pressure measurements on the calibration targets' rear surfaces suggest a uniform soft X-ray beam on the calibration target surfaces while the (inhomogeneous) natural materials yield Hugoniot pressures with considerable variance, as expected. Thusfar we have not recovered the targets, precluding post-irradiation analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Furnish, M. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Remo, J. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Remo, J. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Remo, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Furnish, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1195,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdfurni@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1516 EP 1521 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.075 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500024 ER PT J AU Goto, DM Becker, R Orzechowski, TJ Springer, HK Sunwoo, AJ Syn, CK AF Goto, D. M. Becker, R. Orzechowski, T. J. Springer, H. K. Sunwoo, A. J. Syn, C. K. TI Investigation of the fracture and fragmentation of explosively driven rings and cylinders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE High strain rates; Microstructure; Explosives; Fragmentation ID METALS; BEHAVIOR AB Cylinders and rings fabricated from AerMet (R) 100 alloy and AISI 1018 steel have been explosively driven to fragmentation in order to determine the fracture strains for these materials under plane-strain and uniaxial-stress conditions. The phenomena associated with the dynamic expansion and subsequent break up of the cylinders are monitored with high-speed diagnostics. In addition, complementary experiments are performed in which fragments from the explosively driven cylinders are recovered and analyzed to determine the statistical distribution associated with the fragmentation process as well as to determine failure mechanisms. The data are used to determine relevant coefficients for the Hancock-McKenzie (Johnson-Cook) fracture model. Metallurgical analysis of the fragments provides information on damage and failure mechanisms. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Goto, D. M.; Becker, R.; Orzechowski, T. J.; Springer, H. K.; Sunwoo, A. J.; Syn, C. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goto, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM goto1@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1547 EP 1556 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.081 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500029 ER PT J AU Bergeron, NP Hollerman, WA Goedeke, SM Moore, RJ AF Bergeron, N. P. Hollerman, W. A. Goedeke, S. M. Moore, R. J. TI Triboluminescent properties of zinc sulfide phosphors due to hypervelocity impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Hypervelocity; Impact; Triboluminescence; ZnS:Mn; Phosphor ID ZNS-MN AB The emission of light due to crystal fracture, or triboluminescence (TL), is a phenomenon that has been known for centuries. One of the most common examples of TL is the flash created from chewing Wint-O-Green Lifesavers. From 2004 to 2006, research was completed using the two-stage light gas gun located at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama to measure the TL properties for zinc sulfide doped with both manganese (ZnS:Mn) and copper (ZnS:Cu). Results clearly show that hypervelocity impact-induced TL has been observed for both ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu. For ZnS:Mn, TL produced during 4.7 and 5.7 km/s impacts was statistically more luminous than was observed from similar data collected at 3.3 km/s. The TL decay time for ZnS:Mn was found to be 292 +/- 58 mu s, which is totally consistent with earlier measurements that did not use impact as an excitation source. Further the, emission of TL from ZnS:Mn undergoing hypervelocity impact has been demonstrated to have a significant component at the known peak emission wavelength of ZnS:Mn of 585 nm. Small TL emission generated as a result of hypervelocity impact was also observed from ZnS:Cu. The most intriguing conclusion from this research is that it may be possible to discriminate impact velocity by measuring the time-integrated luminosity of TL phosphors. An ability to measure the velocity of a hypervelocity impact is a significant indicator of the potential usefulness for this concept for use as an impact sensor in future spacecraft. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bergeron, N. P.; Hollerman, W. A.; Moore, R. J.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Goedeke, S. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hollerman, WA (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM hollerman@louisiana.edu RI Hollerman, William/F-5943-2011 NR 7 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1587 EP 1592 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500035 ER PT J AU Kearsley, AT Graham, GA Burchell, MJ Cole, MJ Wozniakiewicz, P Teslich, N Bringa, E Horz, F Blum, J Poppe, T AF Kearsley, A. T. Graham, G. A. Burchell, M. J. Cole, M. J. Wozniakiewicz, P. Teslich, N. Bringa, E. Horz, F. Blum, J. Poppe, T. TI Micro-craters in aluminum foils: Implications for dust particles from comet Wild 2 on NASA's Stardust spacecraft SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Stardust; Wild 2; Cometary dust; Hypervelocity impact; Crater morphology ID IMPACT FEATURES; 81P/WILD-2; MORPHOLOGY; TARGETS; SAMPLES; SIZE AB Dust impacts on aluminum foils during encounter of comet 81 P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft in January 2004 have been simulated using spherical projectiles of monodispersive polymer, glass, and metals, and polydispersive mineral powders of diverse grain shapes. The encounter speed of the cometary particles was a constant and modest 6.1 km s(-1), well within the capabilities of light gas guns. permitting high fidelity experiments to infer dust size, density, and mass from quantitative dimensional analysis of both natural and experimental impact features. Specific interest focused on exceptionally small impactors, all <100 mu m and some as small as 1.5 mu m. To simulate the compound shape of many Stardust craters required novel, artificial aggregate projectiles of heterogeneous mass distribution. We demonstrate that the dimensional scaling obtained previously for millimeter sized impactors extends to particles as small as 10 mu m at 6.1 km s(-1), all yielding a constant relationship for spherical soda lime glass projectiles of diameter (Dp) to crater diameter (Dc) in All 100 of Dc = 4.6 Dp; however, this ratio seems to decrease for projectiles << 10 mu m. The overwhelming majority of the Stardust craters are <20 mu m in diameter, and substantial challenges remain in quantifying the exact size-frequency distribution of the Wild 2 comet dust. Nevertheless, the current experiments provide improved insights into some of the particles' physical properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kearsley, A. T.; Wozniakiewicz, P.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. [Graham, G. A.; Teslich, N.; Bringa, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Burchell, M. J.; Cole, M. J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. [Wozniakiewicz, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Horz, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, LZ Technol Inc,JE 23, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Blum, J.; Poppe, T.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Kearsley, AT (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. EM antk@nhm.ac.uk RI Blum, Jurgen/B-5590-2011; Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; OI Blum, Jurgen/0000-0003-1531-737X; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1616 EP 1624 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500040 ER PT J AU Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF Chhabildas, LC Breiland, WG Brown, JL AF Reinhart, W. D. Thornhill, T. F. Chhabildas, L. C. Breiland, W. G. Brown, J. L. TI Temperature measurements of expansion products from shock compressed materials using high-speed spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Spectroscopy; Hypervelocity; Temperature; Shock compression; Composition-B ID ALUMINUM; KM/S; NITROMETHANE; TANTALUM; PRESSURE; COPPER; GPA AB Results from spectral radiance measurements using optical multi-channel analyzer over the visible and near infrared regime provide estimates of temperature from expansion products resulting from shocked materials. Specifically, we have made spectral radiance measurements over the wavelength regime of 300-1500 nm. Experiments conducted on aluminum, cerium, and Composition-B high explosive span a wide regime of E/E(v), where E is the internal energy increase of the shocked material, and E(v), is the specific energy required to vaporize the material. For the materials investigated, the ratio is similar to 1, 3 and 5 for aluminum, cerium, and Composition-B, respectively. The basic assumption made to deduce these temperatures is that the debris cloud is radiating as a blackbody with emissivity of one and independent of the wavelength. We are also assuming that the probe is monitoring the debris, which is at a single temperature and that there is no spatial temperature gradient. Temperatures at or above the boiling point are confirmed for aluminum and cerium, while the results for Composition-B provide the time-dependent temperature expansion history for shocked Composition-B over the stress regime of 28-130 GPa. These are the first measurements of temperature obtained from the expansion products from materials that have been shocked to very high pressures. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reinhart, W. D.; Thornhill, T. F.; Breiland, W. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Brown, J. L.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wdreinh@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1745 EP 1755 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.062 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500060 ER PT J AU Thornhill, TF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Breiland, WG Alexander, CS Brown, JL AF Thornhill, T. F. Reinhart, W. D. Chhabildas, L. C. Breiland, W. G. Alexander, C. S. Brown, J. L. TI Characterization of prompt flash signatures using high-speed broadband diode detectors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Impact flash; Photo-diode; Aluminum; Composition-B; Pyrometer ID IMPACT; PHENOMENOLOGY AB Impact flash is a brief, intense flash of light released when a target is impacted by a hypervelocity particle. It is caused by emissions from a jet of shocked material which is thrown from the impact site. Impact flash phenomenology has been known for decades, and is now being considered for applications where remote diagnostics are required to observe and diagnose impacts on satellites and space craft where micrometeoroid and orbital debris impacts are common. Additionally, this phenomena and remote diagnostics are under consideration for missile defense applications. Currently, optical signatures created from hypervelocity impact can be utilized as the basis for detectors (spectrometers, pyrometers), which characterize the material composition and temperature. More recent interest has focused on study of hypervelocity impact generated debris and the physics of the associated rapidly expanding and cooling multiphase debris cloud. To establish this capability technically in the laboratory, we have conducted a series of experiments on a two-stage light gas gun at impact velocities ranging from 6 to 19 km/s, which is representative for light emissions resulting from hypervelocity impacts in space. At these high impact velocities jetting is no longer the dominant mechanism for observed impact flash signatures. The focus of this work is to develop fast, inexpensive photo-diodes for use as a reliable prompt flash, and late time radiating debris cloud diagnostic to: (a) characterize material behavior in the shocked and expanding state when feasible; (b) ascertain scaling of luminosity with impact velocity; (c) determine the temperature of the impact flash resulting from radiating emissions when multiple silicon diodes are used in conjunction with narrow band pass filtering at specific wavelengths as a pyrometer. The results of these experiments are discussed in detail using both a metallic target, such as aluminum, and an organic material such as Composition-B explosive. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thornhill, T. F.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Reinhart, W. D.; Breiland, W. G.; Alexander, C. S.; Brown, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chhabildas, L. C.] USAF, Res Labs, AFRL RWMW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Thornhill, TF (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, 10800 Gibson SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM tfthorn@ktech.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1827 EP 1835 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.058 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500071 ER PT J AU Vogler, TJ Trott, WM Reinhart, WD Alexander, CS Furnish, MD Knudson, MD Chhabildas, LC AF Vogler, T. J. Trott, W. M. Reinhart, W. D. Alexander, C. S. Furnish, M. D. Knudson, M. D. Chhabildas, L. C. TI Using the line-VISAR to study multi-dimensional and mesoscale impact phenomena SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Interferometry; Mesoscale; Phase transformation; Edge release; Hypervelocity launch ID SHOCK-WAVE; COMPRESSION; IRON AB The line-VISAR is an optical interferometry system that allows velocities to be measured in a spatially and temporally resolved manner. The ability to measure velocity not only as a function of time but also as a function of position represents a significant advance over other diagnostics and opens up several new avenues of research. Over the last few years, the line-VISAR has been used to study a variety of phenomena related to material behavior at the mesoscale such as crushing of granular sugar, nonuniform failure of materials such as the statistics of spall strength, and multi-dimensional configurations such as flyer launch, embedded defects, and material interfaces. Here, we review the studies reported to date that utilized the line-VISAR in the investigation as well as presenting new results on nonuniformity of the phase transformation in iron and hypervelocity flyer launch with the Z machine. As part of the review, we will highlight examples of multi-dimensional applications resulting from impacts over the velocity range of 0.20 to 13 km/s. These examples demonstrate that the line-VISAR can be a valuable addition to the suite of diagnostics for impact and hypervelocity phenomena. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vogler, T. J.; Trott, W. M.; Reinhart, W. D.; Alexander, C. S.; Furnish, M. D.; Knudson, M. D.; Chhabildas, L. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vogler, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjvogle@sandia.gov RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1844 EP 1852 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.040 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500073 ER PT J AU Naraghi-Arani, P Lenhoff, R Thissen, J Carrillo, AC Olivas, J Michele, SM AF Naraghi-Arani, P. Lenhoff, R. Thissen, J. Carrillo, A. C. Olivas, J. Michele, S. M. TI Rapid, Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Animal Viruses by Bead-Based Multiplexed RT-PCR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naraghi-Arani, P.; Lenhoff, R.; Thissen, J.; Carrillo, A. C.; Olivas, J.; Michele, S. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 12 BP E139 EP E140 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.347 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 406II UT WOS:000263287800346 ER PT J AU Kalb, SR Smith, TJ Moura, H Hill, K Lou, JL Geren, IN Garcia-Rodriguez, C Marks, JD Smith, LA Pirkle, JL Barr, JR AF Kalb, Suzanne R. Smith, Theresa J. Moura, Hercules Hill, Karen Lou, Jianlong Geren, Isin N. Garcia-Rodriguez, Consuelo Marks, James D. Smith, Leonard A. Pirkle, James L. Barr, John R. TI The use of Endopep-MS to detect multiple subtypes of botulinum neurotoxins A, B, E, and F SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Botulinum neurotoxin; Botulism; Mass spectrometry ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INFANT BOTULISM; BINDING DOMAIN; ANTIBODY; TOXIN; GENE; STRAINS; CHAIN AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the disease botulism, which can be lethal if untreated. Rapid determination of exposure to BoNT is an important public health goal. Previous work in our laboratory focused on the development of Endopep-MS, a mass spectrometry-based endopeptidase method for detecting and differentiating BoNT A-G in buffer and BoNT A, B, E, and F in clinical samples. We introduce here the use of Endeopep-MS to detect non-commercial subtypes of BoNT A, B, E, and F which have been associated with botulism outbreaks. We have now tested and successfully detected 15 of the 17 known subtypes of BoNT A, B, E, and F by Endopep-MS. Extraction of BoNT A and B from a complex mixture prior to analysis is accomplished by using monoclonal antibodies specific for the catalytically inactive heavy chain of the toxin. These antibodies have high-binding affinities and do not interfere with the catalytic activity of the light chain resulting in a lower limit of detection for BoNT A and B than previously reported. We also report for the first time limits of detection for BoNT A2, A3, B2, and bivalent B using Endopep-MS. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kalb, Suzanne R.; Moura, Hercules; Pirkle, James L.; Barr, John R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Smith, Theresa J.; Smith, Leonard A.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Hill, Karen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lou, Jianlong; Geren, Isin N.; Garcia-Rodriguez, Consuelo; Marks, James D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, DLS, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov FU NIAID cooperative [U01 A1056493, 200-2006-16697]; CDC [200-2006-16697] FX The authors acknowledge several funding sources for the production of monoclonal antibodies: NIAID cooperative agreement U01 A1056493 (JDM), DoD contract DAMD17-03-C-0076 UDM), UC MEXUS-CONACYT Faculty Visit Fellowship (CG), and CDC contract 200-2006-16697 UDM). NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 278 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.04.004 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 378EM UT WOS:000261304000002 ER PT J AU Gulgun, MA Sturm, S Cannon, RM Ruhle, M AF Guelguen, Mehmet A. Sturm, Saso Cannon, Rowland M. Ruehle, Manfred TI Transient dopant segregation and precipitation in yttrium-doped alumina SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Grain boundary segregation; Interfaces; Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); YAP/YAG ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; FINE-GRAINED ALUMINA; ALPHA-ALUMINA; CATION SEGREGATION; BOUNDARIES; RESISTANCE; CRYSTALLIZATION; ALPHA-AL2O3; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM AB Ultra-pure Al2O3 ceramics doped with 2000 ppm of Y2O3 were sintered at 1500 degrees C or 1650 degrees C for 2 or 12 h. The resulting microstructure consisted of alumina matrix grains and second-phase precipitates. Y-doped alumina samples sintered at 1550 degrees C for shorter times (<2 h) contained primarily YAlO3-YAP precipitates. This is in contradiction of the binary equilibrium phase diagram for Al2O3 and Y2O3, which predicts Y3Al5O12-YAG to be the first phase to appear, as the Y-concentration exceeds the solubility limit of alpha-Al2O3. The formation of YAG in co-existence with the YAP precipitates was observed in samples sintered at 1550 degrees C for 12 h and 1650 degrees C for 2 h. The excess of yttrium in the grain boundary was 5.5 +/- 0.9 Y-atoms/nm(2) for the specimen containing primarily YAP and 4.2 +/- 1.2 Y-atoms/nm(2) in samples where YAP and YAG co-existed. The study demonstrates that in samples containing multiple precipitates, the grain-boundary excess concentration of Y atoms is controlled by the composition of the precipitates. C1 [Guelguen, Mehmet A.] Sabanci Univ, FENS, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Sturm, Saso] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Nanostruct Mat, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Cannon, Rowland M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ruehle, Manfred] Max Planck Inst Met Res, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Gulgun, MA (reprint author), Sabanci Univ, FENS, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. EM m-gulgun@sabanciuniv.edu OI Sturm, Saso/0000-0003-0019-7491 FU Max Planck Society; EU [G5RD-CT-2001-00573]; Scientific Research and Technology Council of Turkey (Tubitak) [105M123] FX The work was supported by the Max Planck Society and the EU under the EU-US project HIPERCOAT (Contract No G5RD-CT-2001-00573). Helpful discussions with the late Rowland Cannon stimulated the progress. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the European Union Under the Framework 6 program, under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative. Reference 026019 ESTEEM. M. A. Gulgun acknowledges Scientific Research and Technology Council of Turkey (Tubitak) for financial support through the MAG-MHEST Grant #105M123. The Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) is also acknowledged by S. Sturm for its financial support. The support by Ute Salzberger for specimen preparation is greatly appreciated. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 EI 2195-8556 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1324 EP 1329 DI 10.3139/146.101767 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 392RO UT WOS:000262320100003 ER PT J AU Sadayappan, M Sahoo, M Lavender, C Jablonski, P AF Sadayappan, M. Sahoo, M. Lavender, C. Jablonski, P. TI PERMANENT MOLD CASTING OF TITANIUM ALLOY TI-6AL-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING LA English DT Article DE titanium alloy; casting defects; inclusion; porosity and mechanical properties AB A literature review indicated that data on the effect various casting defects, such as inclusions and porosity, oil the properties of titanium alloy castings were not readily available. This information is required to reduce the cost of fabricating titanium castings for potential automotive applications. To this end, a research project was initiated to develop data on the as-east properties of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64). Step plate castings with 3.2, 6.3, 13 and 25 mm thick steps were produced in a high-density graphite mold following melting in an induction furnace with water-cooled copper hearth. The mechanical properties were determined in the as-cast condition and were found to be close to the values reported in standards. Few casting defects such as inclusions and porosity were observed, and the loss of strength due to these defects is not significant. It is shown that titanium castings with good mechanical properties can be produced in high-density graphite molds. C1 [Sadayappan, M.; Sahoo, M.] CANMET MTL, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Lavender, C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jablonski, P.] US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Sadayappan, M (reprint author), CANMET MTL, Ottawa, ON, Canada. FU Canadian Lightweight Materials Research Initiative (CLiMRI); US Dept. of Energy FX Financial support from the Canadian Lightweight Materials Research Initiative (CLiMRI) and the US Dept. of Energy (through the Pacific Northwest National Lab) is gratefully acknowledged. Our sincere thanks for the CANMET Engineering and Technical Services staff for machining the tensile specimens, NDT staff for X-ray work, B. Eagleson for mechanical testing and R. Zavadil for rnetallography. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FOUNDRY SOC INC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1695 N PENNY LN, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4555 USA SN 1939-5981 J9 INT J METALCA ST JI Int. J. Met. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 482ZP UT WOS:000268931300005 ER PT J AU Papenbrock, T Weidenmuller, HA AF Papenbrock, Thomas Weidenmueller, Hans A. TI PREPONDERANCE OF GROUND STATES WITH POSITIVE PARITY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We investigate analytically and numerically a random-matrix model for m fermions occupying l(1) single-particle states with positive parity and l(2) single-particle states with negative parity and interacting through random two-body forces that conserve parity. The single-particle states are completely degenerate and carry no further quantum numbers. We compare spectra of many-body states with positive and with negative parity. We show that in the dilute limit defined by 1 << m << l(1), l(2), ground states with positive and with negative parity occur with equal probability. Differences in the ground-state probabilities are, thus, a finite-size effect and are mainly due to different dimensions of the Hilbert spaces of either parity. C1 [Papenbrock, Thomas] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Papenbrock, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Weidenmueller, Hans A.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Papenbrock, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tpapenbr@utk.edu; Hans.Weidenmueller@mpi-hd.mpg.de OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); University of Tennessee [DE-FG02-96ER40963] FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), and under Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER40963 (University of Tennessee). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 SU 1 BP 286 EP 291 DI 10.1142/S0218301308011926 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V28QB UT WOS:000208694200024 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, RM Crozier, PS Plimpton, SJ Anderson, KS AF Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M. Crozier, Paul S. Plimpton, Steven J. Anderson, Kurt S. TI Substructured molecular dynamics using multibody dynamics algorithms SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Coarse-grained molecular dynamics; Multibody dynamics algorithms; Open-source software ID ORDER-N-FORMULATION; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; TIME-STEP METHODS; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGE; MOTION SIMULATION; DOMAIN MOTIONS; EWALD SUMS; SYSTEMS; METHODOLOGY; INTEGRATION AB This paper reports a new research effort aimed at using efficient multibody dynamics methods to simulate coarse-grained molecular systems. Various molecular systems are studied and the results of nanosecond-long simulations are analyzed to validate the method. The systems studied include bulk water, alkane chains, alanine dipeptide and carboxyl terminal fragments of calmodulin, ribosomal L7/L12 and rhodopsin proteins. The stability and validity of the simulations are studied through conservation of energy, thermodynamics properties and conformational analysis. In these simulations, a speed up of an order of magnitude is realized for conservative error bounds with a fixed timestep integration scheme. A discussion is presented on the open-source software developed to facilitate future research using multibody dynamics with molecular dynamics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M.; Anderson, Kurt S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Mukherjee, Rudranarayan M.; Crozier, Paul S.; Plimpton, Steven J.; Anderson, Kurt S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mukherjee, RM (reprint author), NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM Rudranarayan.M.Mukherjee@jpl.nasa.gov; pscrozi@sandia.gov; sjplimp@sandia.gov; anderk5@rpi.edu FU NSF-NIRT [0303902]; Sandia LDRD [67017]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by NSF-NIRT Grant 0303902 and by Sandia LDRD 67017. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors thank the funding agencies for their support. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLIN MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1040 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2008.04.003 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 389FS UT WOS:000262077300004 ER PT J AU Camarero, JA Kwon, YG AF Camarero, Julio A. Kwon, Youngeun TI Traceless and Site-specific Attachment of Proteins onto Solid Supports SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article CT Symposium on Modern Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis and its Applications CY OCT 17-20, 2007 CL Port Douglas, AUSTRALIA DE Protein chip; Protein trans-splicing; Split intein; Native chemical ligation; Expressed protein ligation ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; IMMOBILIZATION STRATEGIES; SELECTIVE IMMOBILIZATION; ANTIBODY ARRAYS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; MICROARRAYS; FABRICATION; PEPTIDES; LIGATION AB Many experimental approaches in biology and biophysics, as well as applications in diagnosis and drug discovery, require proteins to be immobilized on solid supports. Protein microarrays, for example, provide a high-throughput format to study biomolecular interactions. The technique employed for protein immobilization is a key to the success of these applications. Recent biochemical developments are allowing, for the first time, the selective and traceless immobilization of proteins generated by cell-free systems without the need for purification and/or reconcentration prior to the immobilization step. C1 [Camarero, Julio A.] Univ So Calif, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Camarero, Julio A.; Kwon, Youngeun] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Camarero, JA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 1985 Zonal Ave,PSC 616, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM jcamarer@usc.edu RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3149 J9 INT J PEPT RES THER JI Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s10989-008-9161-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 379VF UT WOS:000261423600010 ER PT J AU Vorobiev, O AF Vorobiev, Oleg TI Generic strength model for dry jointed rock masses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Geological material; Rock; Constitutive behavior; Yield condition; Plastic collapse ID POROUS ROCK; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; FAILURE MODE; CAP MODEL; LIMESTONE; DEFORMATION; INTERFACES; BEHAVIOR; ELEMENT AB A new nonlinear thermo-mechanical model for heavily jointed rock masses is presented. The model describes poroelasticity, shear-enhanced compaction and brittle-ductile transition in dry porous rocks. The key input parameters of the model, such as elastic moduli, tensile and compressive strength are expressed as functions of the reference porosity of the rock. These functions are based on empirical data for limestones and sandstones and assume that the medium is isotropic. The effect of joints is modeled by scaling down the key model parameters. The scaling rules are found with the help of explicit numerical modeling of randomly jointed media. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vorobiev, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vorobiev1@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48.; The author is grateful to colleagues from computational physics group at LLNL: Tarabay Antoun,Joe Morris, Ben Liu, Ilia Lomov, Randy Settgast, Scott Johnson, Lew Glenn, and O.Walton. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2221 EP 2247 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.06.009 PG 27 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 381MZ UT WOS:000261541900004 ER PT J AU Jayasekera, T Pillalamarri, PK Mintmire, JW Meunier, V AF Jayasekera, Thushari Pillalamarri, Pavan K. Mintmire, J. W. Meunier, V. TI Effect of Phase-Breaking Events on Electron Transport in Mesoscopic and Nanodevices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ballistic transport; partial coherence; phase breaking; Buttiker phase-breaking technique; Green's function ID CARBON NANOTUBES; CONDUCTANCE; RESISTORS; DEVICES AB Existing ballistic models for electron transport in mesoscopic and nanoscale systems break down as the size of the device becomes longer than the phase coherence length of electrons in the system. Krstic et al. experimentally observed that the Current in single-wall carbon nanotube systems can be regarded as a combination of a coherent part and a noncoherent part. In this article, we discuss the use of Buttiker phase-breaking technique to address partially coherent electron transport, generalize that to a multichannel problem, and then Study the effect of phase-breaking events on the electron transport in two-terminal graphene nanoribbon devices. We also investigate the difference between the pure-phase randomization and phase/momentum randomization boundary conditions. While momentum randomization adds an extra resistance caused by backward scattering, pure-phase randomization smooths the conductance oscillations because of interference. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 108: 2896-2905, 2008 C1 [Jayasekera, Thushari; Pillalamarri, Pavan K.; Mintmire, J. W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Meunier, V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Jayasekera, T (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM thushar@okstate.edu RI Jayasekera, Thushari /A-3626-2011; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-07ER46362]; LLC [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX The present work was sponsored in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battetle, LLC at DEAC05-00OR22725.; Contract grant sponsor: Department of Energy EPSCoR Program. Contract grant number: DE-FG02-07ER46362. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 108 IS 15 SI SI BP 2896 EP 2905 DI 10.1002/qua.21834 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 364RV UT WOS:000260353800018 ER PT J AU Yasui, LS Andorf, C Schneider, L Kroc, T Lennox, A Saroja, KR AF Yasui, Linda S. Andorf, Christine Schneider, Linda Kroc, Thomas Lennox, Arlene Saroja, K. R. TI Gadolinium neutron capture in glioblastoma multiforme cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biophysical Aspects of Auger Processes CY JUL 05-07, 2007 CL Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MD HO Harvard Med Sch DE Auger emitters; Glioblastoma cells; Gd neutron capture ID RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; RADIOTHERAPY BEAMS; GLIOMA-CELLS; P53 GENE; X-RAYS; THERAPY; RADIATION; DNA; CYTOTOXICITY AB Purpose: A proof of principle for cell killing by Gadolinium (Gd) neutron capture in Magnevist (R) preloaded Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells is provided. Materials and methods: U87cells were pre-loaded with 5 mg/ml Magnevist (R) (Gd containing compound) and irradiated using an enhanced neutron beam developed at NIU Institute for Neutron Therapy at Fermilab. These experiments were possible because of an enhanced fast neutron therapy assembly designed to use the fast neutron beam at Fermilab to deliver a neutron beam containing a greater fraction of thermal neutrons and because of the development of improved calculations for dose for the enhanced neutron beam. Clonogenic response was determined. Results: U87 cell survival after gamma irradiation, fast neutron irradiation and irradiation with the enhanced neutron beam in the presence or absence of Magnevist (R) were determined. Conclusions: U87 cells were the least sensitive to gamma radiation, and increasingly sensitive to fast neutron irradiation, irradiation with the enhanced neutron beam and finally a significant enhancement in cell killing was observed for U87 cells preloaded with Magnevist (R). The sensitivity of U87 cells pre-loaded with Magnevist (R) and then irradiated with the enhanced neutron beam can at least in part be attributed to the Auger electrons emitted by the neutron capture event. C1 [Yasui, Linda S.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Andorf, Christine; Schneider, Linda; Saroja, K. R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NIU Inst Neutron Therapy, Batavia, IL USA. RP Yasui, LS (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, MO 358, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM lyasui@niu.edu NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1130 EP 1139 DI 10.1080/09553000802538092 PG 10 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 405KG UT WOS:000263221300020 PM 19061138 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Freifeld, B Min, KB Elsworth, D Tsang, Y AF Rutqvist, J. Freifeld, B. Min, K-B Elsworth, D. Tsang, Y. TI Analysis of thermally induced changes in fractured rock permeability during 8 years of heating and cooling at the Yucca Mountain Drift Scale Test SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Fractured rock; Permeability; Yucca Mountain; Thermal stress; Moisture ID HEATER TEST; FLUID-FLOW; PREDICTIONS; TUFF AB We analyzed a data set of thermally induced changes in fractured rock permeability during a 4-year heating (up to 200 degrees C) and subsequent 4-year cooling of a large volume, partially saturated and highly fractured volcanic tuff at the Yucca Mountain Drift Scale Test, Nevada, USA. Permeability estimates were derived from about 700 pneumatic (air-injection) tests, taken periodically at 44 packed-off borehole intervals during the heating and cooling cycle from November 1997 through November 2005. We analyzed air-permeability data by numerical modeling of thermally induced stress and moisture movements and their impact on air permeability within the highly fractured rock. Our analysis shows that changes in air permeability during the initial 4-year heating period, which were limited to about one order of magnitude, were caused by the combined effects of thermal-mechanically induced stress on fracture aperture and thermal-hydrologically induced changes in fracture moisture content. At the end of the subsequent 4-year cooling period, air-permeability decreases (to as low as 0.2 of initial) and increases (to as high as 1.8 of initial) were observed. By comparison to the calculated thermo-hydro-elastic model results, we identified these remaining increases or decreases in air permeability as irreversible changes in intrinsic fracture permeability, consistent with either inelastic fracture shear dilation (where permeability increased) or inelastic fracture surface-asperity shortening (where permeability decreased). In this paper, we discuss the possibility that such fracture asperity shortening and associated decrease in fracture permeability might be enhanced by dissolution of highly stressed surface asperities over years of elevated stress and temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rutqvist, J.; Freifeld, B.; Tsang, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Min, K-B; Elsworth, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Geoenvironm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Jrutqvist@lbl.gov RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; Min, Ki-Bok/B-5374-2008; Elsworth, Derek/D-2844-2015; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Min, Ki-Bok/0000-0001-7463-7395; Elsworth, Derek/0000-0002-4942-1151; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 FU Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management; Office of the Chief Scientist, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are grateful for reviews by Hui-Hai Liu and Dan Hawkes of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which substantially improved this paper. The work was supported by the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, Office of the Chief Scientist, of the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1373 EP 1389 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.01.016 PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 372UC UT WOS:000260926500013 ER PT J AU Breznak, JA Warnecke, F AF Breznak, John A. Warnecke, Falk TI Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila sp nov., a facultatively anaerobic, marine spirochaete SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-N; TERMITE GUTS; CALIFORNIA; HABITATS; AURANTIA; ARB AB A facultatively anaerobic, marine spirochaete, designated strain SIP1(T), was isolated from interstitial water from a cyanobacteria-containing microbial mat. Cells of strain SIP1(T) were 0.3-0.4x10-12 mu m in size, helical with a body pitch of approximately 1.4 mu m and motile by means of two to four periplasmic flagella (one, or occasionally two, being inserted near each end of the cell). Cells were catalase-negative and used a variety of monosaccharides and disaccharides and pectin as energy sources, growing especially well on cellobiose. Neither organic acids nor amino acids were utilized as energy sources. One or more amino acids in tryptone and one or more components of yeast extract were required for growth. Growth was observed at 9-37 degrees C (optimally at or near 37 degrees C), at initial pH 5-8 (optimally at initial pH 7.5) and in media prepared with 20-100% (v/v) seawater (optimally at 60-80%) or 0.10-1.00 M NaCl (optimally at 0.30-0.40 M). The products of cellobiose fermentation were acetate, ethanol, CO(2), H(2) and small amounts of formate. Aerated cultures performed incomplete oxidation of cellobiose to acetate (and, presumably, COO plus small amounts of ethanol and formate, but exhibited a Y(cellobiose) that was only slightly greater than that of cellobiose-fermenting anoxic cultures. The G + C content of the genomic DNA of strain SIP1(T) was 41.4 mol%, the lowest among known spirochaetas. On the basis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain SIP1(T) was grouped among other members of the genus Spirochaeta, but it bore only 89 % similarity with respect to its closest known relatives, Spirochaeta litoralis and Spirochaeta isovalerica, two marine obligate anaerobes. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic position, strain SIP1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Spirochaeta, for which the name Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SIP1(T) (=ATCC BAA-1285(T) =DSM 17781(T)). C1 [Breznak, John A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Warnecke, Falk] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Breznak, JA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM breznak@msu.edu FU NSF [0415401]; DOE [DE-FG02-85ER13361]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX Portions of this work were done during the 2004 Microbial Diversitv Summer Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole (MA, USA) co-directed by T. M. Schmidt and W. W. Metcalf and funded by grants from the NSF (0415401), the DOE (DE-FG02-85ER13361) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We thank J. Waterbury (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) for Providing a portion of the microbial mat from which;train SIP1T was isolated, J. McKinlay for performing sonic of the HPLC analyses of metabolic products, S. Eichorst and J. Wertz for analysing the DNA G+C content, A. Pastor ( Michigan State University Center for Advanced Microscopy) for performing electron microscopy and Professor Dr H. G. Truper for help with the nomenclature and Latinization of the species name. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 BP 2762 EP 2768 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.2008/001263-0 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 390ZX UT WOS:000262203300016 PM 19060054 ER PT J AU Ogden, P Podesta, J Deutch, J AF Ogden, Peter Podesta, John Deutch, John TI A new strategy to spur energy innovation SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Ogden, Peter] Ctr Amer Progress, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Deutch, John] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Deutch, John] Cent Intelligence Agcy, Washington, DC 20505 USA. [Deutch, John] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ogden, P (reprint author), Ctr Amer Progress, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM pogden@americanprogress.org; JMD@mit.edu NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 249PT UT WOS:000252241900018 ER PT J AU Long, JCS AF Long, Jane C. S. TI A blind man's guide to energy policy SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Long, JCS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jcslong@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 249PT UT WOS:000252241900020 ER PT J AU Gsell, S Schreck, M Brescia, R Stritzker, B Arendt, PN Groves, JR AF Gsell, Stefan Schreck, Matthias Brescia, Rosaria Stritzker, Bernd Arendt, Paul N. Groves, James R. TI Iridium on Biaxially Textured Oxide Templates: A Concept to Grow Single Crystals on Arbitrary Substrates SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ion beam assisted deposition; biaxial texture; single crystals; heteroepitaxy; X-ray diffraction; MgO; iridium; diamond ID BUFFER LAYERS; DIAMOND FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; SILICON; ORIENTATION; ROUTE AB Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) allows a biaxial texturing of oxide layers on polycrystalline or amorphous substrates. Even the best layers still contain an in-plane angular spread of about 4 degrees. We report here a method to grow Ir films oil top of with a factor of 5 lower misorientation. It is shown that the huge texture improvement involves a massive these oxide layers realignment of the iridium islands and in orientation averaging process. Heteroepitaxial diamond was successfully deposited oil the Ir/IBAD-MgO multilayer stacks. The described texture improvement by irichum layers provides a general concept towards single crystal growth on arbitrary substrates. [DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.47.8925] C1 [Gsell, Stefan; Schreck, Matthias; Brescia, Rosaria; Stritzker, Bernd] Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. [Arendt, Paul N.; Groves, James R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gsell, S (reprint author), Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. EM Matthias.Schreck@physik.uni-augsburg.de RI Brescia, Rosaria/D-9507-2011; Schreck, Matthias/P-9695-2016 OI Schreck, Matthias/0000-0003-1805-6929 FU European community within the training network DRIVE [MRTN-CT-2004-512224]; STREP [NMP4-CT-2004-013817] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work by the European community within the training network DRIVE (R.B., MRTN-CT-2004-512224) and the STREP project NANOMESH (S.G., NMP4-CT-2004-013817). NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 47 IS 12 BP 8925 EP 8927 DI 10.1143/JJAP.47.8925 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 389RA UT WOS:000262111000056 ER PT J AU Caballero, FG Miller, MK Garcia-Mateo, C Capdevila, C de Andres, C AF Caballero, F. G. Miller, M. K. Garcia-Mateo, C. Capdevila, C. Garcia de Andres, C. TI Phase transformation theory: A powerful tool for the design of advanced steels SO JOM LA English DT Article ID LOW-ALLOY STEELS; COMPOSITION PROPERTY APPROACH; STRENGTH BAINITIC STEELS; SILICON STEELS; MARTENSITE; DIAGRAMS AB An innovative design procedure based on phase transformation theory alone has been successfully applied to design steels with a microstructure consisting of a mixture of bainitic ferrite, retained austenite, and some martensite. An increase in the amount of bainitic ferrite is needed in order to avoid the presence of large regions of untransformed austenite, which under stress decompose to brittle martensite. The design procedure addresses this diffi culty by adjusting the T'(o) curve to greater carbon concentrations with the use of substitutional solutes such as manganese and chromium. The concepts of bainite transformation theory can be exploited even further to design steels with strength in excess of 2.5 GPa and considerable toughness. C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.; Capdevila, C.; Garcia de Andres, C.] CENIM CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), CENIM CSIC, Avda Gregorio Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM fgc@cenim.csic.es RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Capdevila, Carlos/B-6970-2015; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008; OI Capdevila, Carlos/0000-0002-1869-4085; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero, Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia Plan Nacional [MAT2007-63873]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility; Scientific User Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia Plan Nacional de I+D+I (2004-2007) funding this research under the contract MAT2007-63873. All of the authors want to thank Arcelor Research for manufacturing the designed alloys. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. The authors also would like to express their special acknowledgement to Prof. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia for helpful discussions. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2008 VL 60 IS 12 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0159-z PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 383RQ UT WOS:000261691500003 ER PT J AU Barker, JG Mildner, DFR Rodriguez, JA Thiyagarajan, P AF Barker, J. G. Mildner, D. F. R. Rodriguez, J. A. Thiyagarajan, P. TI Neutron transmission of single-crystal magnesium fluoride SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FILTERS; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTOMETER; SILICON; NIST AB The neutron attenuation through single-crystal magnesium fluoride has been measured as a function of wavelength at both room temperature and 77 K. These data confirm a total cross section that is lower than that of MgO for wavelengths greater than 0.2 nm. MgF(2) cooled to 77 K is a slightly better filter of epithermal neutrons than MgO for obtaining a thermal neutron beam. (C) 2008 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved C1 [Barker, J. G.; Mildner, D. F. R.; Rodriguez, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Thiyagarajan, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barker, JG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.barker@nist.gov RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 FU US Department of Energy, BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank Denis Wozniak for his assistance in the SAND experiments at IPNS funded by the US Department of Energy, BES, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 to UChicago Argonne, LLC, and Juscelino Leao and John Copley on DCS at the NCNR for aid in setting up the close cycle refrigerator and data analysis. The elements of this work utilizing the DCS, PCD and NG3 30 m SANS instruments at the NCNR are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 BP 1003 EP 1008 DI 10.1107/S0021889808032858 PN 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 373WM UT WOS:000261004200004 ER PT J AU Geandier, G Renault, PO Teat, S Le Bourhis, E Lamongie, B Goudeau, P AF Geandier, Guillaume Renault, Pierre-Olivier Teat, Simon Le Bourhis, Eric Lamongie, Bruno Goudeau, Philippe TI Benefits of two-dimensional detectors for synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of thin film mechanical behavior SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; MICRO-DIFFRACTION; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; W/CU MULTILAYERS; DEFORMATION; TEXTURE; STRAIN; SIZE; POLYCRYSTALS AB Performing a complete in situ mechanical property analysis of polycrystalline thin films using X-ray diffraction is time consuming with most standard diffraction beamlines at synchrotron facilities and not realistic with laboratory diffractometers. Two-dimensional detection is shown to enable relatively fast and reliable X-ray strain measurements during in situ tensile testing of gold films deposited on polyimide substrates. Advantages and drawbacks in the use of two-dimensional detectors for this type of analysis are discussed for two commonly used geometries: reflection and transmission. (C) 2008 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved C1 [Geandier, Guillaume; Renault, Pierre-Olivier; Le Bourhis, Eric; Lamongie, Bruno; Goudeau, Philippe] Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Phys Mat Lab, UMR 6630, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. [Teat, Simon] Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geandier, G (reprint author), Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Phys Mat Lab, UMR 6630, SP2MI,Blvd Marie & Pierre Curie,BP 30179, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. EM guillaume.geandier@univ-poitiers.fr RI Le Bourhis, Eric/B-4568-2013; OI Le Bourhis, Eric/0000-0003-0902-5899; renault, pierre olivier/0000-0002-0736-2333 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was carried out within the framework of a Pnano project entitled 'Cmonano' supported by the French ANR agency. We acknowledge the Advanced Light Source for providing beamtime on beamline 11.3.1. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 BP 1076 EP 1088 DI 10.1107/S0021889808030823 PN 6 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 373WM UT WOS:000261004200013 ER PT J AU Zhao, YS Zhang, JZ AF Zhao, Yusheng Zhang, Jianzhong TI Microstrain and grain-size analysis from diffraction peak width and graphical derivation of high-pressure thermomechanics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RAY MICROBEAM MEASUREMENTS; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; INELASTIC DEFORMATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; YIELD STRENGTH; POWDER; STRAIN; DISLOCATIONS; ENHANCEMENT; TEMPERATURE AB An analytical method is presented for deriving the thermomechanical properties of polycrystalline materials under high-pressure (P) and high-temperature (T) conditions. This method deals with non-uniform stress among heterogeneous crystal grains and surface strain in nanocrystalline materials by examining peak-width variation under different P-T conditions. Because the method deals directly with lattice d spacing and local deformation caused by stress, it can be applied to process any diffraction profile, independent of detection mode. In addition, a correction routine is developed using diffraction elastic ratios to deal with severe surface strain and/or strain anisotropy effects related to nano-scale grain sizes, so that significant data scatter can be reduced in a physically meaningful way. Graphical illustration of the resultant microstrain analysis can identify micro/local yields at the grain-to-grain interactions resulting from high stress concentration, and macro/bulk yield of the plastic deformation over the entire sample. This simple and straightforward approach is capable of revealing the corresponding micro and/or macro yield stresses, grain crushing or growth, work hardening or softening, and thermal relaxation under high-P-T conditions, as well as the intrinsic residual strain and/or surface strain in the polycrystalline bulk. In addition, this approach allows the instrumental contribution to be illustrated and subtracted in a straightforward manner, thus avoiding the potential complexities and errors resulting from instrument correction. Applications of the method are demonstrated by studies of alpha-SiC (6H, moissanite) and of micro- and nanocrystalline nickel by synchrotron X-ray and time-of-flight neutron diffraction. C1 [Zhao, Yusheng; Zhang, Jianzhong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhao, YS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhao@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [EAR 01-35554] FX We are grateful to two anonymous referees for pointing out the errors in correlating FWHM and s in equation ( 1), and for other comments that helped to improve the manuscript. This research was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under the Department of Energy, contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The high-temperature neutron experiments were performed on the HIPPO beamline of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The high-P -T X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out on the X17B2 beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES) under the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR 01-35554. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 BP 1095 EP 1108 DI 10.1107/S0021889808031762 PN 6 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 373WM UT WOS:000261004200015 ER PT J AU Alkire, RW Duke, NEC Rotella, FJ AF Alkire, R. W. Duke, N. E. C. Rotella, F. J. TI Is your cold-stream working for you or against you? An in-depth look at temperature and sample motion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR CRYOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB It is normally assumed that a commercial gaseous nitrogen cold-stream provides a sample environment near 100 K and that the force of the cold-stream does not induce movement in the sample. As might be expected, the reality is much more complex. Here, an investigation of one cold-stream, starting with the temperature profile, is presented. Using silicon single crystals and flexible mounting loops, an approximate force/vibration profile of the cold-stream is obtained. Results indicate that the center of the temperature profile is offset from the position suggested by the manufacturer-supplied alignment tool and coincides with the area within the cold-stream that has the most consistent force profile. Tests indicate that this region is only about one-third of the width of the cold-stream nozzle opening. To verify that the results were relevant to protein crystallographic data collection, the impact of cold-stream position on the final data quality for lysozyme crystals was analyzed. On the basis of the observations it is recommended that users perform a temperature profile of their cold-streams to ensure proper alignment instead of relying only on the alignment tool for setup. In addition, suggestions are made on what users can look for in data processing to identify problems with loop movement and what users can do to minimize the impact of these problems on their experiments. (C) 2008 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved C1 [Alkire, R. W.; Duke, N. E. C.; Rotella, F. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alkire, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alkire@anl.gov NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 BP 1122 EP 1133 DI 10.1107/S0021889808032536 PN 6 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 373WM UT WOS:000261004200018 ER PT J AU Biegalski, MD Fong, DD Eastman, JA Fuoss, PH Streiffer, SK Heeg, T Schubert, J Tian, W Nelson, CT Pan, XQ Hawley, ME Bernhagen, M Reiche, P Uecker, R Trolier-McKinstry, S Schlom, DG AF Biegalski, M. D. Fong, D. D. Eastman, J. A. Fuoss, P. H. Streiffer, S. K. Heeg, T. Schubert, J. Tian, W. Nelson, C. T. Pan, X. Q. Hawley, M. E. Bernhagen, M. Reiche, P. Uecker, R. Trolier-McKinstry, S. Schlom, D. G. TI Critical thickness of high structural quality SrTiO3 films grown on orthorhombic (101) DyScO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; CRYSTAL DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; X-RAY; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; STRAIN; TEMPERATURE AB Strained epitaxial SrTiO3 films were grown on orthorhombic (101) DyScO3 substrates by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy. The epitaxy of this substrate/film combination is cube on cube with a pseudocubic out-of-plane (001) orientation. The strain state and structural perfection of films with thicknesses ranging from 50 to 1000 were examined using x-ray scattering. The critical thickness at which misfit dislocations was introduced was between 350 and 500. These films have the narrowest rocking curves (full width at half maximum) ever reported for any heteroepitaxial oxide film (0.0018 degrees). Only a modest amount of relaxation is seen in films exceeding the critical thicknesses even after postdeposition annealing at 700 degrees C in 1 atm of oxygen. The dependence of strain relaxation on crystallographic direction is attributed to the anisotropy of the substrate. These SrTiO3 films show structural quality more typical of semiconductors such as GaAs and silicon than perovskite materials; their structural relaxation behavior also shows similarity to that of compound semiconductor films. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3037216] C1 [Biegalski, M. D.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.; Schlom, D. G.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fong, D. D.; Eastman, J. A.; Fuoss, P. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Streiffer, S. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Heeg, T.; Schubert, J.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Bio & Nanosyst IT IBN1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Heeg, T.; Schubert, J.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Ctr Nanoelect Syst Informat Technol Cni, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Tian, W.; Nelson, C. T.; Pan, X. Q.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48019 USA. [Hawley, M. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bernhagen, M.; Reiche, P.; Uecker, R.] Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Adlershof, Germany. RP Biegalski, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM bdus2@psu.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Schubert, Jurgen/K-9543-2013; OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Schubert, Jurgen/0000-0003-0185-6794; Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0507146]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46416]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-03-1-0721]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with D. H. A. Blank, S. P. Baker, and V. Vaithyanathan, the use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, and the financial support of the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-0507146, the Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46416, and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) though Grant No. N00014-03-1-0721 monitored by Dr. Colin Wood. Work at Argonne was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 70 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 57 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 114109 DI 10.1063/1.3037216 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000120 ER PT J AU Chroneos, A Grimes, RW Bracht, H Uberuaga, BP AF Chroneos, A. Grimes, R. W. Bracht, H. Uberuaga, B. P. TI Engineering the free vacancy and active donor concentrations in phosphorus and arsenic double donor-doped germanium SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION; SILICON; MECHANISM; GE AB In germanium, donor atoms migrate or form larger immobile clusters via their interaction with lattice vacancies. By engineering the concentration of free vacancies, it is possible to control the diffusion of the donor atoms and the formation of those larger clusters that lead to the deactivation of a significant proportion of the donor atoms. Electronic structure calculations in conjunction with mass action analysis are used to predict the concentrations of free vacancies and deactivated donor atoms in germanium doped with different proportions of arsenic and phosphorous. We find, for example, that at low temperatures, the concentration of free vacancies is partially suppressed by increasing the proportion of arsenic doping, whereas at high temperatures (above 1000 K), the concentration of free vacancies is relatively constant irrespective of the donor species. It is predicted that the free vacancy and active donor concentrations vary linearly with the arsenic to phosphorous ratio across a wide range of temperatures. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Chroneos, A.; Grimes, R. W.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. [Bracht, H.] Univ Munster, Inst Mat Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Uberuaga, B. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chroneos, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. EM alexander.chroneos@imperial.ac.uk OI Chroneos, Alex/0000-0002-2558-495X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos National Security, LLC; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Computing resources were provided by the HPC facility of Imperial College London. B.P.U. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and H. B. from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 113724 DI 10.1063/1.3035847 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000089 ER PT J AU Dattelbaum, DM Sheffield, SA Stahl, D Weinberg, M Neel, C Thadhani, N AF Dattelbaum, Dana M. Sheffield, Stephen A. Stahl, David Weinberg, Michael (Kit) Neel, Christopher Thadhani, Naresh TI Equation of state and high pressure properties of a fluorinated terpolymer: THV 500 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE TEFLON; LAMELLAR MORPHOLOGY; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SHOCK COMPRESSION; PHASE-TRANSITION; TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; COPOLYMERS AB We present the results of an investigation of the static compressive and dynamic (shock) responses of a fluorinated terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (Dyneon THV 500), in an effort to further understand its behavior under static and dynamic high pressures, and elucidate its equation of state properties. Fluorinated polymers, and, in particular, their copolymers, have garnered increasing attention by the static high pressure and shock wave communities, due to their widespread use in engineering applications, and formulation into energetic materials as binders. Shock wave compression experiments performed at two laboratories showed good consistency, and provide the first Hugoniot data for this fluorinated terpolymer. The Hugoniot of THV 500 is in general agreement with that of the related fluoropolymers polytetrafluoroethylene and poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-vinylidene fluoride), reported previously. The static compressive data, combined with measurement of the ambient pressure thermodynamic parameters, have been used to formulate an equation of state based on the Helmholtz free energy, which was shown to adequately represent the dynamic response of the polymer to similar to 5 GPa. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2980338] C1 [Dattelbaum, Dana M.; Sheffield, Stephen A.; Stahl, David; Weinberg, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [(Kit) Neel, Christopher; Thadhani, Naresh] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Dattelbaum, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM danadat@lanl.gov FU DOE/DoD; NSWC; DTRA [HDTRA1-07-0018] FX The authors acknowledge funding provided by Dr. Richard Ames and the Office of Naval Research, and continued support from the DOE/DoD Joint Munitions Program under the "Dynamic Behavior of Polymers" project led by Brad Clements. We also acknowledge Brian Bartram, Nick Pence, Paul Chapman, and Frank Archuleta with help with the plate impact experiments at LANL, polymer project team members for insightful discussions, and Dr. Hubert Lobo of Datapoint Laboratories. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security (LANS) LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy. The work performed at Georgia Tech was supported, in part, by the NSWC (Dr. Richard Ames) and DTRA under Grant No. HDTRA1-07-0018. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 113525 DI 10.1063/1.2980338 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000051 ER PT J AU Kim, T Alberi, K Dubon, OD Aziz, MJ Narayanamurti, V AF Kim, Taeseok Alberi, Kirstin Dubon, Oscar D. Aziz, Michael J. Narayanamurti, Venkatesh TI Composition dependence of Schottky barrier heights and bandgap energies of GaNxAs1-x synthesized by ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION MICROSCOPY; ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS; V SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; GAINNAS ALLOYS; GAP ENERGY; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDIFICATION; INTERFACE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; REDUCTION AB We present a systematic investigation on the band structure of the GaNxAs1-x alloys synthesized using nitrogen ion implantation followed by pulsed-laser melting and rapid thermal annealing. The evolution of the nitrogen-concentration depth profile is consistent with liquid-phase diffusion, solute trapping at the rapidly moving solidification front, and surface evaporation. The reduction of the Schottky barrier height of the Gamma-like threshold at nitrogen composition up to x=0.016 is studied by ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM) and determined quantitatively using the second voltage derivative BEEM spectra to be -191 +/- 63 meV per x=0.01, which is close to the corresponding slope for samples grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy. This slope is also consistent with the bandgap narrowing measured on the same samples by photomodulated reflectance and is consistent with the band anticrossing model for the splitting of the conduction band in the GaNxAs1-x alloys. Lithographically patterned GaNxAs1-x dots are imaged by BEEM. Analysis of BEEM spectra of the locally confined dots indicates an alloying-induced decrease in the Schottky barrier height of four times the thermal energy at room temperature. c 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3041154] C1 [Kim, Taeseok; Aziz, Michael J.; Narayanamurti, Venkatesh] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alberi, Kirstin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dubon, Oscar D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kim57@fas.harvard.edu FU DARPA HUNT [222891-01]; National Science Foundation [NSF-ECCS-0701417]; Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS); National Science Foundation under NSF [ECS-0335765]; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231]; NSFIGERT FX We thank Dr. Jeffrey M. Warrender for valuable discussions and technical assistance with simulating surface evaporation. We also thank Professor Russell D. Dupuis and Professor Arthur Gossard for providing epitaxial substrates. This work was supported by a DARPA HUNT Contract No. 222891-01 subaward from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF-ECCS-0701417. The support of the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS) at Harvard University is also acknowledged. Harvard-CNS is a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Award No. ECS-0335765. PR measurements and rapid thermal processing of samples were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231. K. A. acknowledges support from a NSFIGERT fellowship. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 113722 DI 10.1063/1.3041154 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000087 ER PT J AU Kini, RN Mascarenhas, A France, R Ptak, AJ AF Kini, R. N. Mascarenhas, A. France, R. Ptak, A. J. TI Low temperature photoluminescence from dilute bismides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BOUND-EXCITON LINES; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ISOELECTRONIC TRAP BISMUTH; INDUCED DEFECT LINES; GALLIUM-PHOSPHIDE; UNDULATION SPECTRA; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE; DECAY TIMES; GAAS AB We report on photoluminescence measurements of GaAs((1-x))Bi(x) thin films containing dilute concentration (x <= 0.045%) of isoelectronic impurity Bi. At a temperature of 4 K, we observed a sharp emission line at similar to 1.510 eV and a series of undulations in an energy range of similar to 20 meV below it. We attribute the sharp line at similar to 1.510 eV to the recombination of excitons bound to a complex formed by unintentionally incorporated acceptor or donor atoms in the samples. Undulations observed below the sharp line at 1.510 eV are assigned to the vibronic levels of the acceptors, generated by the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect due to the coupling between the holes bound to Bi and acceptors. The sharp line at similar to 1.510 eV and the undulation peaks show a redshift with increasing Bi concentration due to the decrease in band gap as a result of the strong perturbation to the GaAs band structure induced by isoelectronic Bi impurities. No spectral evidence for isolated Bi forming a bound state in GaAs was seen and similar to the case of Bi in GaP, no Bi-Bi pair states were observed. c 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3041479] C1 [Kini, R. N.; Mascarenhas, A.; France, R.; Ptak, A. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kini, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rajeev_kini@nrel.gov RI Kini, Rajeev/D-2342-2009 OI Kini, Rajeev/0000-0002-3305-9346 FU the DOE/SC/BES/DMS [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX We acknowledge the financial support of the DOE/SC/BES/DMS under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. We thank R. Reedy for SIMS analysis of the samples. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 113534 DI 10.1063/1.3041479 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000060 ER PT J AU Liu, L Li, XD Liu, J Jiang, S Li, YC Shen, GY Mao, HK Bi, Y Xu, J AF Liu, L. Li, X. D. Liu, J. Jiang, S. Li, Y. C. Shen, G. Y. Mao, H. K. Bi, Y. Xu, J. TI High pressure structural and elastic properties of NiO up to 67 GPa SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; STRENGTH; COMPRESSION; DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; DISTORTION; POWDER; PHASE; ARGON AB Using argon as the pressure medium, the structural and elastic properties of NiO have been investigated up to 67 GPa by the in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. Up to 67 GPa, NiO remains in the rhombohedral distorted rocksalt structure without phase transition. The lattice parameters of a and c, indexed in the hexagonal lattice, were found to decrease monotonically with increasing pressure, while the c/a ratio remains almost constant. The elastic properties of NiO were studied by analyzing the linewidth of various diffraction perks, which indicates that the factor S = (S(11)-S(12)-S(44)/2) is negative although the single-crystal elastic compliances S11 is positive, respectively, in the investigated pressure range. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3031697] C1 [Liu, L.; Li, X. D.; Liu, J.; Jiang, S.; Li, Y. C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Shen, G. Y.; Mao, H. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shen, G. Y.; Mao, H. K.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Liu, L.; Bi, Y.; Xu, J.] Inst Fluid Phys, Lab Shock Wave & Detonat Phys Res, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. EM liuj@ihep.ac.cn RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJCX2-SW-N03, KJCX2-SW-N20]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10676034]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2005CB724400] FX The authors thank H. Z. Liu for assistance in the diffraction experiment, H. P. Liermann for the help in sample preparation, S. V. Sinogeikin for assistance in use of ruby system. This work was performed at HPCAT, APS, Argonne National Laboratory. Preliminary experiments were conducted at 4W2 High-Pressure Station of BSRF, which is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. KJCX2-SW-N03 and KJCX2-SW-N20). Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10676034) the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant No. 2005CB724400)is gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 113521 DI 10.1063/1.3031697 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000047 ER PT J AU Bucholtz, A Bluth, RT Kelly, B Taylor, S Batson, K Sarto, AW Tooman, TP Mccoy, RF AF Bucholtz, Anthony Bluth, Robert T. Kelly, Ben Taylor, Scott Batson, Keir Sarto, Anthony W. Tooman, Tim P. Mccoy, Robert F., Jr. TI The Stabilized Radiometer Platform ( STRAP)-An Actively Stabilized Horizontally Level Platform for Improved Aircraft Irradiance Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; ABSORPTION; CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERE; FLUXES AB Measurements of solar and infrared irradiance by instruments rigidly mounted to an aircraft have historically been plagued by the introduction of offsets and fluctuations into the data that are solely due to the pitch and roll movements of the aircraft. The Stabilized Radiometer Platform ( STRAP) was developed to address this problem. Mounted on top of an aircraft and utilizing a self-contained, coupled Inertial Navigation System-GPS, STRAP actively keeps a set of uplooking radiometers horizontally level to within +/- 0.02 degrees for aircraft pitch and roll angles of up to approximately +/- 10 degrees. The system update rate of 100 Hz compensates for most pitch and roll changes experienced in normal flight and in turbulence. STRAP was mounted on a Twin Otter aircraft and its performance evaluated during normal flight and during a series of flight maneuvers designed to test the accuracy, range, and robustness of the platform. The measurements from an identical pair of solar pyranometers-one mounted on STRAP and the other rigidly mounted nearby directly to the aircraft-are compared to illustrate the accuracy and capability of the new platform. Results show that STRAP can keep radiometers level within the specified pitch and roll range, that it is able to recover from flight maneuvers outside of this range, and that it greatly increases the quantity of useful radiometer data from any given flight. Of particular note, STRAP now allows accurate measurements of the downwelling solar irradiance during spiral ascents or descents of the aircraft, greatly expanding the utility of aircraft radiometer measurements. C1 [Bucholtz, Anthony] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bluth, Robert T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kelly, Ben; Taylor, Scott; Batson, Keir; Sarto, Anthony W.] L3 Commun Sonoma EO, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Tooman, Tim P.; Mccoy, Robert F., Jr.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bucholtz, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM anthony.bucholtz@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research ( ONR) Small Business Innovation Research ( SBIR) grant [PE061153N] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts and support of the pilots, technicians, and staff at the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies. In particular we wish to thank Dr. Haflidi H. Jonsson, chief scientist; Mike Hubbell, pilot; Roy Woods, pilot/engineer; Reggie Burch, avionics mechanic; and Nava Roy, systems programmer. The development of STRAP was funded by an Office of Naval Research ( ONR) Small Business Innovation Research ( SBIR) grant. The support of ONR Program Element PE061153N is gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2161 EP 2175 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1085.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 387ZU UT WOS:000261990900001 ER PT J AU Silverstein, JC Parsad, NM Tsirline, V AF Silverstein, Jonathan C. Parsad, Nigel M. Tsirline, Victor TI Automatic perceptual color map generation for realistic volume visualization SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Volume visualization; Perceptual color maps; Surgical planning; Radiological anatomy; Virtual reality AB Advances in computed tomography imaging technology and inexpensive high performance computer graphics hardware are making high-resolution, full color (24-bit) Volume visualizations commonplace. However, many of the color Maps used in volume rendering provide questionable value in knowledge representation and are non-perceptual thus biasing data analysis or even obscuring information. These drawbacks, Coupled with our need for realistic anatomical volume rendering for teaching and surgical planning, has motivated us to explore the auto-generation of color maps that combine natural colorization with the perceptual discriminating capacity of grayscale. As evidenced by the examples shown that have been created by the algorithm described, the merging of perceptually accurate and realistically colorized virtual anatomy appears to insightfully interpret and impartially enhance Volume rendered patient data. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Res Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Silverstein, JC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Suite 405,5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jcs@uchicago.edu FU National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine [N01-LM-3-3508] FX The authors acknowledge Eric Olson and Mike Papka of the Computation Institute of the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory for their development and continued support of our volume visualization software and infrastructure; Fred Dech of the Department of Surgery for visualization expertise; and Dianna Bardo and Michael Vannier of the Department of Radiology for support in obtaining anonymous computed tomography series. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine, under Contract N01-LM-3-3508. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1532-0464 EI 1532-0480 J9 J BIOMED INFORM JI J. Biomed. Inform. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 IS 6 BP 927 EP 935 DI 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.02.008 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA 376ZC UT WOS:000261220500007 PM 18430609 ER PT J AU Erhardt, S Mellone, BG Betts, CM Zhang, WG Karpen, GH Straight, AF AF Erhardt, Sylvia Mellone, Barbara G. Betts, Craig M. Zhang, Weiguo Karpen, Gary H. Straight, Aaron F. TI Genome-wide analysis reveals a cell cycle-dependent mechanism controlling centromere propagation SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; DROSOPHILA S2 CELLS; HISTONE H3 VARIANT; CENP-A; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; FISSION YEAST; CHROMATIN; PROTEIN; LOCALIZATION; KINETOCHORES AB Centromeres are the structural and functional foundation for kinetochore formation, spindle attachment, and chromosome segregation. In this study, we isolated factors required for centromere propagation using genome-wide RNA interference screening for defects in centromere protein A (CENP-A; centromere identifier [CID]) localization in Drosophila melanogaster. We identified the proteins CAL1 and CENP-C as essential factors for CID assembly at the centromere. CID, CAL1, and CENP-C coimmunoprecipitate and are mutually dependent for centromere localization and function. We also identified the mitotic cyclin A (CYCA) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) inhibitor RCA1/Emil as regulators of centromere propagation. We show that CYCA is centromere localized and that CYCA and RCA1/Emil couple centromere assembly to the cell cycle through regulation of the fizzy-related/CDH1 subunit of the APC. Our findings identify essential components of the epigenetic machinery that ensures proper specification and propagation of the centromere and suggest a mechanism for coordinating centromere inheritance with cell division. C1 [Betts, Craig M.; Straight, Aaron F.] Stanford Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Erhardt, Sylvia; Mellone, Barbara G.; Zhang, Weiguo; Karpen, Gary H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Dynam, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erhardt, Sylvia; Mellone, Barbara G.; Zhang, Weiguo; Karpen, Gary H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erhardt, Sylvia] Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Mol Biol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Straight, AF (reprint author), Stanford Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM astraigh@stanford.edu OI Mellone, Barbara/0000-0002-2785-5119; Straight, Aaron/0000-0001-5885-7881 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM066272, R01 GM074728]; Wellcome Trust; Philip Morris USA, Inc.; Philip Morris International; Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation; Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants to G.H. Karpen and A. F. Straight (R01 GM066272 and R01 GM074728, respectively), grants from the Wellcome Trust to S. Erhardt, grants from Philip Morris USA, Inc. and Philip Morris International to B. G. Mellone, and grants from the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation to W. Zhang. A. F. Straight is a Gordon Family Scholar supported by the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation. NR 52 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 183 IS 5 BP 805 EP 818 DI 10.1083/jcb.200806038 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 377DN UT WOS:000261232000008 PM 19047461 ER PT J AU Franca, EF Lins, RD Freitas, LCG Straatsma, TP AF Franca, Eduardo F. Lins, Roberto D. Freitas, Luiz C. G. Straatsma, T. P. TI Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan Molecular Structure in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID BETA-CHITIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-CHITIN; MEMBRANES; CONFORMATIONS; IONS; POLYSACCHARIDES; ASSOCIATION; SIMULATIONS; DIFFRACTION AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to characterize the structure of single chitin and chitosan chains in aqueous solutions. Chitin chains, whether isolated or in the form of a beta-chitin nanoparticle, adopt the 2-fold helix with phi and phi values similar to its crystalline state. In solution, the intramolecular hydrogen bond HO3((n))center dot center dot center dot O5((n+1)) responsible for the 2-fold helical motif in these polysaccharides is stabilized by hydrogen bonds with water molecules in a well-defined orientation. On the other hand, chitosan can adopt five distinct helical motifs, and its conformational equilibrium is highly dependent on pH. The hydrogen bond pattern and solvation around the 03 atom of insoluble chitosan (basic pH) are nearly identical to these quantities in chitin. Our findings suggest that the solubility and conformation of these polysaccharides are related to the stability of the intrachain HO3((n))center dot center dot center dot O5((n+1)) hydrogen bond, which is affected by the water exchange around the O3-HO3 hydroxyl group. C1 [Franca, Eduardo F.; Lins, Roberto D.; Straatsma, T. P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Franca, Eduardo F.; Freitas, Luiz C. G.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Quim, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Lins, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roberto.lins@pni.gov RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012; Franca, Eduardo/H-4175-2013 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025; Franca, Eduardo/0000-0001-5001-7503 FU CAPES; CNPq; FAPESP; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory through the Computational Grand Challenge Application [GC20892]; DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX E.F.F. and L.C.G.F. acknowledge CAPES, CNPq, and FAPESP for financial support. The authors thank Peter Zugenmaier for providing the formalism for structural characterization of crystalline chitins and Nathan Baker for help with the APBS program. Gratitude is expressed to Brian Lower for careful reading of this manuscript and to the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory through the Computational Grand Challenge Application GC20892. This work has been partly supported by the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research through the project "Data Intensive Computing for Complex Biological Systems". Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 61 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2141 EP 2149 DI 10.1021/ct8002964 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 382NX UT WOS:000261613800016 PM 26620485 ER PT J AU Bonfils, C Santer, BD Pierce, DW Hidalgo, HG Bala, G Das, T Barnett, TP Cayan, DR Doutriaux, C Wood, AW Mirin, A Nozawa, T AF Bonfils, Celine Santer, Benjamin D. Pierce, David W. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Bala, Govindasamy Das, Tapash Barnett, Tim P. Cayan, Daniel R. Doutriaux, Charles Wood, Andrew W. Mirin, Art Nozawa, Toru TI Detection and Attribution of Temperature Changes in the Mountainous Western United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; OCEAN VARIABILITY; TRENDS; MODEL; SURFACE; SNOWPACK; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; CCSM3 AB Large changes in the hydrology of the western United States have been observed since the mid-twentieth century. These include a reduction in the amount of precipitation arriving as snow, a decline in snowpack at low and midelevations, and a shift toward earlier arrival of both snowmelt and the centroid (center of mass) of streamflows. To project future water supply reliability, it is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the underlying cause or causes for these changes. A regional warming is often posited as the cause of these changes without formal testing of different competitive explanations for the warming. In this study, a rigorous detection and attribution analysis is performed to determine the causes of the late winter/early spring changes in hydrologically relevant temperature variables over mountain ranges of the western United States. Natural internal climate variability, as estimated from two long control climate model simulations, is insufficient to explain the rapid increase in daily minimum and maximum temperatures, the sharp decline in frost days, and the rise in degree-days above 0 degrees C (a simple proxy for temperature-driven snowmelt). These observed changes are also inconsistent with the model-predicted responses to variability in solar irradiance and volcanic activity. The observations are consistent with climate simulations that include the combined effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols. It is found that, for each temperature variable considered, an anthropogenic signal is identifiable in observational fields. The results are robust to uncertainties in model-estimated fingerprints and natural variability noise, to the choice of statistical down-scaling method, and to various processing options in the detection and attribution method. C1 [Bonfils, Celine] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Pierce, David W.; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Das, Tapash; Barnett, Tim P.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nozawa, Toru] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Bonfils, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag, POB 808,Mail Stop L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bonfils2@llnl.gov RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Program of Climate Model Diagnoses and Intercomparison (PCMDI) [DOE-W-7405-ENG-48]; International Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG); U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX First, we thank our three anonymous reviewers for their thorough reading and their very helpful suggestions. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The MIROC data were generously supplied by National Institute for Environmental Studies Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. The PCM simulation had been made available by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Observed daily maximum and minimum temperature were obtained from the University of Washington Land Surface Hydrology Research group (http://www.hydro.washington.edu), and the network stations used to generate this dataset were kindly provided by Alan Hamlet. Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) participants, GB and AM, as well as travel costs were supported by LLNL through LDRD grants. BS was supported by DOE-W-7405-ENG-48 to the Program of Climate Model Diagnoses and Intercomparison (PCMDI). Thanks are also due to Department of Energy, which supported TPB as part of the International Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG). CB was mainly supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship awarded to Benjamin Santer in 2005 by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The California Energy Commission provided partial salary support for DP and HH at SIO. NR 63 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 23 BP 6404 EP 6424 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2397.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384OM UT WOS:000261754100018 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Hidalgo, HG Das, T Bonfils, C Santer, BD Bala, G Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR Mirin, A Wood, AW Nozawa, T AF Pierce, David W. Barnett, Tim P. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Das, Tapash Bonfils, Celine Santer, Benjamin D. Bala, Govindasamy Dettinger, Michael D. Cayan, Daniel R. Mirin, Art Wood, Andrew W. Nozawa, Toru TI Attribution of Declining Western US Snowpack to Human Effects SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; GREENHOUSE-GAS; WORLDS OCEANS; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Observations show snowpack has declined across much of the western United States over the period 1950-99. This reduction has important social and economic implications, as water retained in the snowpack from winter storms forms an important part of the hydrological cycle and water supply in the region. A formal model-based detection and attribution (D-A) study of these reductions is performed. The detection variable is the ratio of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) to water-year-to-date precipitation (P), chosen to reduce the effect of P variability on the results. Estimates of natural internal climate variability are obtained from 1600 years of two control simulations performed with fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Estimates of the SWE/P response to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and some aerosols are taken from multiple-member ensembles of perturbation experiments run with two models. The D-A shows the observations and anthropogenically forced models have greater SWE/P reductions than can be explained by natural internal climate variability alone. Model-estimated effects of changes in solar and volcanic forcing likewise do not explain the SWE/P reductions. The mean model estimate is that about half of the SWE/P reductions observed in the west from 1950 to 1999 are the result of climate changes forced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and aerosols. C1 [Pierce, David W.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bonfils, Celine; Santer, Benjamin D.; Bala, Govindasamy; Mirin, Art] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nozawa, Toru] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, Mail Stop 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 NR 52 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 23 BP 6425 EP 6444 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384OM UT WOS:000261754100019 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Morelius, E Zhang, JW Wolcott, M Holbery, J AF Jiang, Long Morelius, Erving Zhang, Jinwen Wolcott, Michael Holbery, James TI Study of the Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/Cellulose Nanowhisker Composites Prepared by Solution Casting and Melt Processing SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cellulose whisker; nanocomposites; natural fiber; biodegradable polymer; PHB ID CELLULOSE WHISKERS; CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS; GREEN COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; FIBER; CRYSTALLIZATION; BIOPOLYMERS AB In this study cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were prepared by sulfuric acid hyrolysis from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The biopolymer composites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/CNW, was fabricated by solution casting using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. Homogeneous dispersion of the whiskers was achieved and the composites exhibited improved tensile strength and modulus and increased glass transition temperature. The melt processing (extrusion and injection molding) of PHBV/CNW composites was also attempted. Despite using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a compatibilizer, CNW agglomerates formed during freeze-drying could not be broken and well dispersed by the extrusion process due to the large surface area and the polar nature of CNW. As a result, the melt processed PHBV/CNW composites exhibited decreased strength and constant glass transition temperature, a typical trend of microparticle filled polymer systems. MCC was also treated by high-speed mechanical homogenizer to reduce its particle size down to nanoscale range. The homogenized MCC (HMCC) was blended with PHBV by melt processing with the same conditions. The obtained composites were found to have similar properties as the melt-processed PHBV/CNW composites due to poor HMCC dispersion. To the best of our knowledge, PHBV/CNW system has not been studied so far. The treatment of MCC with high-speed homogenizer has also not been reported. This study augments the research on CNW nanocomposites. C1 [Jiang, Long; Morelius, Erving; Zhang, Jinwen; Wolcott, Michael] Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Holbery, James] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wolcott, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wolcott@wsu.edu RI Zhang, Jinwen/G-8674-2014; Jiang, Long/D-6172-2017 OI Zhang, Jinwen/0000-0001-8828-114X; Jiang, Long/0000-0002-1781-134X FU National Science Foundation's REU [DMR0453554] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the partial financial support of the National Science Foundation's REU program under grant number DMR0453554. NR 27 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 8 U2 65 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 2629 EP 2645 DI 10.1177/0021998308096327 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 375JQ UT WOS:000261110400006 ER PT J AU McClarren, RG Lowrie, RB AF McClarren, Ryan G. Lowrie, Robert B. TI The effects of slope limiting on asymptotic-preserving numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Asymptotic-preserving numerical methods; Discontinuous Galerkin; Slope limiters; Thermal radiative transfer ID THERMAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; P-N EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT PROBLEMS; DIFFUSIVE REGIMES; STIFF RELAXATION; OPTICALLY THICK; SCHEMES; TIME AB Many hyperbolic systems of equations with stiff relaxation terms reduce to a parabolic description when relaxation dominates. An asymptotic-preserving numerical method is a discretization of the hyperbolic system that becomes a valid discretization of the parabolic system in the asymptotic limit. We explore the consequences of applying a slope limiter to the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, with linear elements, for hyperbolic systems with stiff relaxation terms. Without a limiter, the DG method gives an accurate discretization of the Chapman-Enskog approximation of the system when the relaxation length scale is not resolved. It is well known that the first-order upwind (or "step") method fails to obtain the proper asymptotic limit. We show that using the minmod slope limiter also fails, but that using double minmod gives the proper asymptotic limit. Despite its effectiveness in the asymptotic limit, the double minmod limiter allows artificial extrema at cell interfaces, referred to as "sawteeth". We present a limiter that eliminates the sawteeth, but maintains the proper asymptotic limit. The systems that we analyze are the hyperbolic heat equation and the P thermal radiation equations. Numerical examples are used to verify our analysis. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McClarren, Ryan G.; Lowrie, Robert B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McClarren, RG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp CCS 2, POB 1663,MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ryanmc@lanl.gov OI Lowrie, Robert/0000-0001-5537-9183 FU Los Alamos National Security; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396, LA-UR-07-7512] FX Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, LA-UR-07-7512. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 23 BP 9711 EP 9726 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.07.012 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 374DO UT WOS:000261023000002 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Chacon, L Finn, JM Chung, Y Lapenta, G AF Delzanno, G. L. Chacon, L. Finn, J. M. Chung, Y. Lapenta, G. TI An optimal robust equidistribution method for two-dimensional grid adaptation based on Monge-Kantorovich optimization SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive grid generation; Monge-Ampere equation; Monge-Kantorovich optimization; Grid tangling; Equidistribution; Newton-Krylov; Multigrid preconditioning; Moving meshes ID NEWTON-KRYLOV METHOD; PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; ADAPTIVE GRIDS; 2 DIMENSIONS; SPATIAL DIMENSIONS; FLOW CALCULATIONS; HARMONIC MAPS; GENERATION; IMPLICIT AB A new cell-area equidistribution method for two-dimensional grid adaptation, based on Monge-Kantorovich optimization (or Monge-Kantorovich optimal transport), is presented. The method is based on a rigorous variational principle, in which the L-2 norm of the grid displacement is minimized, constrained locally to produce a prescribed positive-definite cell volume distribution. The procedure involves solving the Monge-Ampere equation: A single, nonlinear, elliptic scalar equation with no free parameters, and with proved existence and uniqueness theorems. We show that, for sufficiently small grid displacement, this method also minimizes the mean grid-cell distortion, measured by the trace of the metric tensor. We solve the Monge-Ampere equation numerically with a Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov method. The ellipticity property of the Monge-Ampere equation allows multigrid preconditioning techniques to be used effectively, delivering a scalable algorithm under grid refinement. Several challenging test cases demonstrate that this method produces optimal grids in which the constraint is satisfied numerically to truncation error. We also compare this method to the well known deformation method [G. Liao, D. Anderson, Appl. Anal. 44 (1992) 285]. We show that the new method achieves the desired equidistributed grid using comparable computational time, but with considerably better grid quality than the deformation method. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, C1 [Delzanno, G. L.; Chacon, L.; Finn, J. M.; Lapenta, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Plasma Theory Grp 15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chung, Y.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Plasma Theory Grp 15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM delzanno@lanl.gov; chacon@lanl.gov; finn@lanl.gov; ychung@smu.edu; lapenta@lanl.gov OI Chacon, Luis/0000-0002-4566-8763; Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD); US Department of Energy Office of Science; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The authors are very grateful to Jerry Brackbill, Darryl Holm, Alex Dragt, Brent Wohlberg, and Richard Chartrand for stimulating discussions. GLD wishes to thank Caterina Baravalle for constant support. This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD), US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 61 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 23 BP 9841 EP 9864 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.07.020 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 374DO UT WOS:000261023000010 ER PT J AU Feldberg, SW AF Feldberg, Stephen W. TI Effect of uncompensated resistance on the cyclic voltammetric response of an electrochemically reversible surface-attached redox couple: Uniform current and potential across the electrode surface SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Resistance; Uncompensated; Butler-Volmer; Marcus-Hush; Cyclic voltammetry; Peak potential; Peak current; Simulation ID ATTAINING EXPONENTIAL CONVERGENCE; FINITE-DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS; FLUX ERROR; DIGITAL SIMULATIONS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; FREE-ENERGY; PART 3; 2ND-ORDER; SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM AB The effect of uncompensated resistance, R(u), on the cyclic voltammetric response of an electrochemically reversible surface-attached redox couple is quantified using simulation. When current density and interfacial potential are uniform across the electrode surface, the shift in the peak potential, E(peak) - E(0)', the peak current, i(peak), and uncompensated resistance, R(u), can be correlated by a simple, general, empirical expression: [GRAPHICS] When the value of (nF/RT)|E(peak) - E(0') | double right arrow 0. (E(peak) - E(0)')/i(peak)R(u) double right arrow 2; when the value of (nF/RT)|E(peak)-E(0)'| double right arrow infinity the value of (E(peak) - E(0)')/i(peak)R(u) double right arrow 1.0; these limiting values are independent of the double layer capacitance, C(dl). For intermediate values this expression is adequately accurate as long as RTC(dl)/n(2)F(2)Gamma (total) <= 0.1. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Feldberg, SW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM feldberg@bnl.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1572-6657 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 624 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.07.020 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 389KF UT WOS:000262090600008 ER PT J AU Steen, WA Stork, CL AF Steen, William A. Stork, Christopher L. TI Using multivariate analyses to compare subsets of electrodes and potentials within an electrode array for predicting sugar concentrations in mixed solutions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chemometrics; Electrochemical sensing; Glucose; Electrode array; Multivariate analysis ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION; CALIBRATION METHODS; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; NEURAL-NETWORKS; FEED SAMPLES; D-GLUCOSE; REGRESSION; RESOLUTION; MIXTURES AB A non-selective electrode array is presented for the quantification of fructose, galactose, and glucose in mixed solutions. A unique feature of this electrode array relative to other published work is the wide diversity of electrode materials incorporated within the array, being constructed of 41 different metals and metal alloys. Cyclic voltammograms were acquired for solutions containing a single sugar at varying concentrations, and the correlation between current and sugar concentration was calculated as a function of potential and electrode array element. The correlation plots identified potential regions and electrodes that scaled most linearly with sugar concentration, and the number of electrodes used in building predictive models was reduced to 15. Partial least squares regression models relating electrochemical response to sugar concentration were constructed using data from single electrodes and multiple electrodes within the array, and the predictive abilities of these models were rigorously compared using a non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Models using single electrodes (Pt:Rh (90: 10) for fructose, Au:Ni (82:18) for galactose, and Au for glucose) were judged to be statistically superior or indistinguishable from those built with multiple electrodes. Additionally, for each sugar, interval partial least squares regression successfully identified a subset of potentials within a given electrode that generated a model of statistically equivalent predictive ability relative to the full potential model. While including data from multiple electrodes offered no benefit in predicting sugar concentration, use of the array afforded the versatility and flexibility of selecting the best single electrode for each sugar. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Steen, William A.; Stork, Christopher L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stork, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wasteen@sandia.gov; clstork@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors thank Carly S. George for performing many of the experiments and Edward V. Thomas for providing the experimental designs. Christopher A. Apblett and Edward V. Thomas are acknowledged for providing valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1572-6657 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 624 IS 1-2 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.09.018 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 389KF UT WOS:000262090600029 ER PT J AU Lang, SB Tuncer, E AF Lang, Sidney B. Tuncer, Enis TI Comparison of techniques for solving the Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM) equation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Asian Meeting on Electroceramics (AMEC-4) CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA DE LIMM; Regularization; Polarization; Pyroelectricity; Monte Carlo ID SPACE-CHARGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; POLARIZATION AB The Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM) is a technique for the determination of polarization and/or space charge profiles in the thickness direction of ceramic and polymeric samples. The experimental data are analyzed by means of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. This equation admits to multiple and very different solutions. A number of techniques have been developed in order to obtain the most physically reasonable profile. Several techniques based on the regularization method have been proposed. A recent version, polynomial regularization, was developed by Lang. A completely different approach is the Monte Carlo method of Tuncer and Lang. Several sets of both simulated and experimental data are analyzed by the two methods in this paper. Conclusions concerning speed and accuracy are presented. C1 [Lang, Sidney B.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Tuncer, Enis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lang, SB (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM lang@bgu.ac.il; tuncere@ornl.gov RI Lang, Sidney/F-1308-2012; OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1-4 BP 827 EP 830 DI 10.1007/s10832-007-9312-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 399XS UT WOS:000262833200192 ER PT J AU Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ AF Lupini, Andrew R. Pennycook, Stephen J. TI Rapid autotuning for crystalline specimens from an inline hologram SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; STEM INSTRUMENT; SHADOW IMAGES; RESOLUTION AB A method to measure the aberration function for a crystalline specimen from a single inline hologram or 'Ronchigram' by dividing it up into small patches is derived. Measurement of aberrations is demonstrated from both dynamical simulations and experimental Ronchigrams. This method should allow rapid fine-tuning on a variety of crystalline specimens and represents a key step toward active optics for scanning transmission electron microscopy. C1 [Lupini, Andrew R.; Pennycook, Stephen J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lupini, AR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM 9az@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 57 IS 6 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1093/jmicro/dfn022 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 373MW UT WOS:000260977000004 PM 18988637 ER PT J AU Lyons, KD Honeygan, S Mroz, T AF Lyons, K. David Honeygan, Simone Mroz, Thomas TI NETL Extreme Drilling Laboratory Studies High Pressure High Temperature Drilling Phenomena SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article CT 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2007) CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL San Diego, CA AB The U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) established the Extreme Drilling Laboratory to engineer effective and efficient drilling technologies viable at depths greater than 20,000 ft. This paper details the challenges of ultradeep drilling, documents reports of decreased drilling rates as a result of increasing fluid pressure and temperature, and describes NETL Is research and development activities. NETL is invested in laboratory-scale physical simulation. Its physical simulator will have capability of circulating drilling fluids at 30,000 psi and 480 degrees F around a single drill cutter This simulator is not yet operational; therefore, the results will be limited to the identification of leading hypotheses of drilling phenomena and NETL's test plans to validate or refute such theories. Of particular interest to the Extreme Drilling Laboratory's studies are the combinatorial effects drilling fluid pressure, drilling fluid properties, rock properties, pore pressure, and drilling parameters, such as cutter rotational speed, weight on bit, and hydraulics associated with drilling fluid introduction to the rock-cutter interface. A detailed discussion of how each variable is controlled in a laboratory setting will be part of the conference paper and presentation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3000139] C1 [Lyons, K. David; Honeygan, Simone; Mroz, Thomas] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Lyons, KD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 043102 DI 10.1115/1.3000139 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 399XU UT WOS:000262833400010 ER PT J AU Raymond, DW Elsayed, MA Polsky, Y Kuszmaul, SS AF Raymond, David W. Elsayed, M. A. Polsky, Yarom Kuszmaul, Scott S. TI Laboratory Simulation of Drill Bit Dynamics Using a Model-Based Servohydraulic Controller SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article CT 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2007) CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL San Diego, CA ID DRILLSTRINGS; VIBRATIONS AB Drilling costs are significantly influenced by bit performance when drilling in offshore formations. Retrieving and replacing damaged downhole tools is air extraordinarily expensive and time-intensive process, easily costing several hundred thousand dollars of offshore rig time plus the cost of damaged components. Dynamic behavior of the drill string can be particularly problematic when drilling high strength rock, where the risk of bit failure increases dramatically. Many of these dysfunctions arise due to the interaction between the forces developed at the bit-rock interface and the modes of vibration of the drill string. Although existing testing facilities tire adequate for characterizing bit performance in various formations and operating conditions, they lack the necessary drill string attributes to characterize the interaction between the bit and the bottom hole assembly (BHA). A facility that includes drill string compliance and yet allows real-rock/bit interaction would provide an advanced practical understanding of the influence of drill string dynamics on bit life and performance. Such a facility can be used to develop new bit designs and cutter materials, qualify downhole component reliability, and thus mitigate the harmful effects of vibration. It can also serve as a platform for investigating process-related parameters, which influence drilling performance and bit-induced vibration to develop improved practices for drilling operators. The development of an advanced laboratory simulation capability is being pursued to allow the dynamic properties of a BHA to be reproduced in the laboratory. This simulated BHA is used to support an actual drill bit while conducting drilling tests in representative rocks in the laboratory The advanced system can be used to model the response of more complex representations of a drill string with multiple modes of vibration. Application of the system to field drilling data is also addressed. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3000142] C1 [Raymond, David W.; Polsky, Yarom; Kuszmaul, Scott S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Elsayed, M. A.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Raymond, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Polsky, Yarom/F-2764-2013 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2008 VL 130 IS 4 AR 043103 DI 10.1115/1.3000142 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 399XU UT WOS:000262833400011 ER PT J AU Hage, J Jordan, G Mote, J Whitestone, Y AF Hage, Jerald Jordan, Gretchen Mote, Jonathon Whitestone, Yuko TI Designing and facilitating collaboration in R&D: A case study SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE R&D management; Innovation; Complexity; Co-location; Cross-functional teams ID PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; INTEGRATION; PERSPECTIVE; LEADERSHIP; INNOVATION; PROJECTS; STRESS AB This case study aims to highlight the strategic decisions and managerial practices in the formation and operation of a co-located research unit within a national laboratory. The empirical evidence is based on interviews with members of the research unit as well as responses from a research environment survey. The findings of the case study suggest specific strategies that are conducive not only for the co-location of research units but also for research management in general. Principal among these are the need to balance increases in diversity and complexity with mechanisms of integration and the use of specific management practices and leadership qualities that support these activities. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mote, Jonathon] Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jordan, Gretchen] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mote, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jmote@socy.umd.edu OI Mote, Jonathon/0000-0003-0203-3992 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4748 J9 J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE JI J. Eng. Technol. Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 256 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2008.10.005 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 392HX UT WOS:000262294900002 ER PT J AU Nurick, WH Ohanian, T Talley, DG Strakey, PA AF Nurick, W. H. Ohanian, T. Talley, D. G. Strakey, P. A. TI The Impact of Manifold-to-Orifice Turning Angle on Sharp-Edge Orifice Flow Characteristics in Both Cavitation and Noncavitation Turbulent Flow Regimes SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The approach taken was to analyze the results in a manner consistent with application by design engineers to new and existing applications, while providing some insight into the processes that are occurring. This paper deals with predicting the initiation of cavitation, cavitation impacts on the contraction coefficient (C(c)), as well as noncavitation impacts on discharge coefficient (C(d)) from L/D of five sharp-edge orifices over a turning angle range between 60 deg and 120 deg. The results show that in the cavitation regime, C(c) is controlled by the cavitation parameter (K(cav)), where the data follow the 1/2 power with K(cav), and inception of cavitation occurs at a K(cav) of 1.8. In the noncavitation regime for conditions where the cross velocity is 0 the data are consistent with the first order equation relating head loss (H(L)) to the dynamic pressure where K(L) is constant and is consistent with in-line orifices. Cross flow has a significant impact on loss coefficient and depends on both the turning angle and manifold inlet to orifice exit velocity ratio. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2978999] C1 [Nurick, W. H.; Ohanian, T.] Sci & Technol Applicat LLC STA, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. [Talley, D. G.] Air Force Res Lab Edwards AFB, AFRL PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Strakey, P. A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Energy Syst Dynam Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Nurick, WH (reprint author), Sci & Technol Applicat LLC STA, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. EM wnurick@verizon.net NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2008 VL 130 IS 12 AR 121102 DI 10.1115/1.2978999 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 366JY UT WOS:000260478300002 ER PT J AU Baker-Austin, C McArthur, JV Tuckfield, RC Najarro, M Lindell, AH Gooch, J Stepanauskas, R AF Baker-Austin, Craig McArthur, J. V. Tuckfield, R. Cary Najarro, Michael Lindell, Angela H. Gooch, Jan Stepanauskas, Ramunas TI Antibiotic Resistance in the Shellfish Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from the Coastal Water and Sediment of Georgia and South Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; UNITED-STATES; OYSTERS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENVIRONMENT; VULNIFICUS; TDH; ENUMERATION; WASHINGTON; SEAFOOD AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a grain-negative pathogen commonly encountered in estuarine and marine environments-and a common cause of seafood-related gastrointestinal infections. We isolated 350 V. parahaemolyticus strains from water and sediment at three locations along the Atlantic coast of Georgia and South Carolina during various seasons. These isolates were tested for Susceptibility to 24 antibiotics. Isolate Virulence was determined through PCR of tdh and trh genes. The breadth of resistance to antibiotics was unexpectedly high, with 24% isolates demonstrating resistance to 10 or more agents. A significant fraction of isolates were resistant to diverse beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other classes of antibiotics. Fifteen of the 350 strains possessed virulence genes, with no apparent correlation between virulence and site, sample type, or season of isolation. Antibiotic resistance was slightly reduced among the virulent strains. This study represents one of the largest Surveys to date of the virulence and antibiotic resistance in environmental V parahaemolyticus strains. The observed antibiotic susceptibility patterns suggest that Current guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of non-cholerae Vibrio should be reevaluated and extended. C1 [Baker-Austin, Craig; McArthur, J. V.; Lindell, Angela H.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Tuckfield, R. Cary] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Najarro, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gooch, Jan] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Stepanauskas, Ramunas] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. RP Baker-Austin, C (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM craig.baker-austin@cefas.co.uk OI Stepanauskas, Ramunas/0000-0003-4458-3108 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4600198]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0453493]; U.S. Government FX We thank Blaine West, Charles Zemp, Kirk Kessler. Richard Gregory. and Marc Frischer for help in sample collection. Brian Thompson and Brian Robinson are acknowledged for their assistance in isolate preparation. This work was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Award NA04OAR4600198 to R. Stepanauskas and by additional support provided from the U.S. Department of Energy through Financial Assistance Award DE-FC09-96SR18546 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. NI. Najarro was Supported by National Science Foundation grant DBI-0453493. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability OF responsibility for the accuracy, completeness. Of usefulness of any information. apparatus. product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process. OF service by trade name, trademark. Manufacturer. or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation. or favoring, by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof, The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government of, any agency thereof. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2552 EP 2558 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 380NR UT WOS:000261472900028 PM 19244914 ER PT J AU Siemon, RE Bauer, BS Awe, TJ Angelova, MA Fuelling, S Goodrich, T Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Atchison, WL Faehl, RJ Reinovsky, RE Turchi, PJ Degnan, JH Ruden, EL Frese, MH Garanin, SF Mokhov, VN AF Siemon, R. E. Bauer, B. S. Awe, T. J. Angelova, M. A. Fuelling, S. Goodrich, T. Lindemuth, I. R. Makhin, V. Atchison, W. L. Faehl, R. J. Reinovsky, R. E. Turchi, P. J. Degnan, J. H. Ruden, E. L. Frese, M. H. Garanin, S. F. Mokhov, V. N. TI The challenge of wall-plasma interaction with pulsed megagauss magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE magneto-inertial fusion; high energy density physics; exploding wires; megagauss fields; brightness temperature; z-pinch; flute instability ID Z-PINCH; COMPRESSION AB A method is described for choosing experimental parameters in studies of high-energy-density (HED) physics relevant to fusion energy, as well as other applications. An important HED issue for magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) is the interaction of metal pusher materials with megagauss (MG) magnetic fields during liner compression of magnetic flux and fusion fuel. The experimental approach described here is to study a stationary conductor when a pulsed current generates MG fields at the surface, instead of studying the inner surface of a moving liner. This places less demand upon the pulsed power system, and significantly improves diagnostic access. Thus the deceptively simple geometry chosen for this work is that of a z pinch composed of a metal cylinder carrying large current. Consideration of well known stability issues for the z pinch shows that for given peak current and rise time from a particular power supply, there is a minimum radius and thus maximum B field that can be created without disruption of the conductor before peak current. The reasons are reviewed why MG levels of magnetic field, as required for MIF, result in high temperatures and plasma formation at the surface of the metal in response to Ohmic heating. The distinction is noted between the liner regime obtained with cylindrical rods, which have a skin depth small compared to the conductor radius, and the exploding thin-wire regime, which has skin depth larger than the wire radius. A means of diagnostic development is described using a small facility (DPM15) built at the University of Nevada, Reno. It is argued that surface plasma temperature measurements in the 10-eV range are feasible based on the intensity of visible light emission. C1 [Siemon, R. E.; Bauer, B. S.; Awe, T. J.; Angelova, M. A.; Fuelling, S.; Goodrich, T.; Lindemuth, I. R.; Makhin, V.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Atchison, W. L.; Faehl, R. J.; Reinovsky, R. E.; Turchi, P. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Degnan, J. H.; Ruden, E. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Frese, M. H.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Garanin, S. F.; Mokhov, V. N.] VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. RP Siemon, RE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM siemon@unr.edu FU DOE OFES [DE-FG02-04ER54752, DE-FG02-06ER54892]; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by DOE OFES grants DE-FG02-04ER54752, and DE-FG02-06ER54892. The streak camera was made available by George Rodriguez and Peter Goodwin at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s10894-008-9144-3 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 354WY UT WOS:000259671800002 ER PT J AU Serrano, JR Kearney, SP AF Serrano, Justin R. Kearney, Sean P. TI Time-Resolved Micro-Raman Thermometry for Microsystems in Motion SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; thermometry; MEMS; thermal actuators ID TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; SCATTERING; ACTUATORS AB Micro-Raman thermometry has been demonstrated to be a feasible technique for obtaining surface temperatures with micron-scale spatial resolution for microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs). However, the intensity of the Raman signal emerging from the probed device is very low and imposes a requirement of prolonged data collection times in order to obtain reliable temperature information. This characteristic currently limits Raman thermometry to steady-state conditions and thereby prevents temperature measurements of transient and fast tune-scale events. In this paper, we discuss the extension of the micro-Raman thermometry diagnostic technique to obtain transient temperature measurements on microelectromechanical devices with 100 As temporal resolution. Through the use of a phase-locked technique we are able to obtain temperature measurements on. electrically powered MEMS actuators powered with a periodic signal. Furthermore, we demonstrate a way of obtaining reliable temperature measurements on micron-scale devices that undergo mechanical movement during the device operation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.2976552] C1 [Serrano, Justin R.; Kearney, Sean P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serrano, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2008 VL 130 IS 12 AR 122401 DI 10.1115/1.2976552 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 400BE UT WOS:000262842200011 ER PT J AU Bauer, CW Tackmann, FJ Thaler, J AF Bauer, Christian W. Tackmann, Frank J. Thaler, Jesse TI GenEvA (I): a new framework for event generation SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Jets; Phenomenological Models; NLO Computations; QCD ID JET CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGHER-ORDER CORRECTIONS; TO-LEADING ORDER; E+E-ANNIHILATION; PARTON SHOWERS; QCD CASCADES; ALGORITHMS; COLLISIONS; MODEL AB We show how many contemporary issues in event generation can be recast in terms of partonic calculations with a matching scale. This framework is called GenEvA, and a key ingredient is a new notion of phase space which avoids the problem of phase space double-counting by construction and includes a built-in definition of a matching scale. This matching scale can be used to smoothly merge any partonic calculation with a parton shower. The best partonic calculation for a given region of phase space can be determined through physics considerations alone, independent of the algorithmic details of the merging. As an explicit example, we construct a positive-weight partonic calculation for e(vertical bar) e(-) -> n jets at next-to-leading order (NLO) with leading-logarithmic (LL) resummation. We improve on the NLO/LL result by adding additional higher-multiplicity tree-level (LO) calculations to obtain a merged NLO/LO/LL result. These results are implemented using a new phase space generator introduced in a companion paper [1]. C1 [Bauer, Christian W.; Tackmann, Frank J.; Thaler, Jesse] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bauer, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cwbauer@lbl.gov; ftackmann@lbl.gov; jthaler@jthaler.net FU Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE OJI; LDRD; LBNL; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science FX We would like to thank Johan Alwall, Lance Dixon, Walter Giele, Beate Heinemann, Zoltan Ligeti, Michelangelo Mangano, Michael Peskin, Matthew Schwartz, Torbjorn Sjostrand, Peter Skands, Iain Stewart, and Dieter Zeppenfeld for many useful discussions. We would also like to thank Johan Alwall, Fabio Maltoni, and Tim Stelzer for patient assistance with MadGraph, and Jeffrey Anderson for help with general computing questions. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U. S. Department of Energy under the Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. CWB acknowledges support from an DOE OJI award and an LDRD grant from LBNL. JT is supported by a fellowship from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. NR 89 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 IS 12 AR 010 PG 64 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TM UT WOS:000265578300010 ER PT J AU Bauer, CW Tackmann, FJ Thaler, J AF Bauer, Christian W. Tackmann, Frank J. Thaler, Jesse TI GenEvA (II): a phase space generator from a reweighted parton shower SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Jets; Phenomenological Models; QCD ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATION; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; EVENT GENERATION; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; QCD CASCADES; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; SIMULATION; COLLISIONS; COHERENT AB We introduce a new efficient algorithm for phase space generation. A parton shower is used to distribute events across all of multiplicity, flavor, and phase space, and these events can then be reweighted to any desired analytic distribution. To verify this method, we reproduce the e(+) e(-) -> n jets tree-level result of traditional matrix element tools. We also show how to improve tree-level matrix elements automatically with leadinglogarithmic resummation. This algorithm is particularly useful in the context of a new framework for event generation called GenEvA. In a companion paper [1], we show how the GenEvA framework can address contemporary issues in event generation. C1 [Bauer, Christian W.; Tackmann, Frank J.; Thaler, Jesse] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bauer, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cwbauer@lbl.gov; ftackmann@lbl.gov; jthaler@jthaler.net FU Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; LDRD; LBNL; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science FX We would like to thank Johan Alwall, Lance Dixon, Walter Giele, Beate Heinemann, Zoltan Ligeti, Michelangelo Mangano, Michael Peskin, Matthew Schwartz, Torbjorn Sjostrand, Peter Skands, Iain Stewart, and Dieter Zeppenfeld for many useful discussions. We would also like to thank Johan Alwall, Fabio Maltoni, and Tim Stelzer for patient assistance with MadGraph, and Jeffrey Anderson for help with general computing questions. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U. S. Department of Energy under the Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. CWB acknowledges support from a DOE OJI award and an LDRD grant from LBNL. JT is supported by a fellowship from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. NR 82 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 IS 12 AR 011 PG 57 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TM UT WOS:000265578300011 ER PT J AU Cacciari, M Rojo, J Salam, GP Soyez, G AF Cacciari, Matteo Rojo, Juan Salam, Gavin P. Soyez, Gregory TI Quantifying the performance of jet definitions for kinematic reconstruction at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Jets; Hadronic Colliders ID HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS; ALGORITHM AB We present a strategy to quantify the performance of jet definitions in kinematic reconstruction tasks. It is designed to make use exclusively of physical observables, in contrast to previous techniques which often used unphysical Monte Carlo partons as a reference. It is furthermore independent of the detailed shape of the kinematic distributions. We analyse the performance of 5 jet algorithms over a broad range of jet-radii, for sources of quark jets and gluon jets, spanning the energy scales of interest at the LHC, both with and without pileup. The results allow one to identify optimal jet definitions for the various scenarios. They confirm that the use of a small jet radius (R similar or equal to 0.5) for quark-induced jets at moderate energy scales, O(100 GeV), is a good choice. However, for gluon jets and in general for TeV scales, there are significant benefits to be had from using larger radii, up to R greater than or similar to 1. This has implications for the span of jet-definitions that the LHC experiments should provide as defaults for searches and other physics analyses. C1 [Cacciari, Matteo; Rojo, Juan] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPTHE, CNRS,UMR 7589, Paris, France. [Soyez, Gregory] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cacciari, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPTHE, CNRS,UMR 7589, Paris, France. EM cacciari@lpthe.jussieu.fr; juan.rojo@mi.infn.it; salam@lpthe.jussieu.fr; gsoyez@quark.phy.bnl.gov FU French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-05-JCJC-0046-01]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has been supported in part by the grant ANR-05-JCJC-0046-01 from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche and under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, and was started at 2007 Physics at TeV Colliders Les Houches workshop. It is a pleasure to acknowledge interesting discussions with A. Oehler and K. Rabbertz, we are grateful to G. Dissertori and G. Zanderighi for comments on the manuscript, and JR thanks D. d'Enterria for a useful conversation. GPS wishes to thank Brookhaven National Laboratory and Princeton University for hospitality while this work was being completed. Finally, GS thanks the LPTHE for hospitality while this work was still preliminary. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 IS 12 AR 032 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TM UT WOS:000265578300032 ER PT J AU Freivogel, B Lippert, M AF Freivogel, Ben Lippert, Matthew TI Evidence for a bound on the lifetime of de Sitter space SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dS vacua in string theory; Flux compactifications ID F-THEORY; COMPACTIFICATION; GRAVITY; VACUUM; DECAY AB Recent work has suggested a surprising new upper bound on the lifetime of de Sitter vacua in string theory. The bound is parametrically longer than the Hubble time but parametrically shorter than the recurrence time. We investigate whether the bound is satisfied in a particular class of de Sitter solutions, the KKLT vacua. Despite the freedom to make the supersymmetry breaking scale exponentially small, which naively would lead to extremely stable vacua, we find that the lifetime is always less than about exp(10(22)) Hubble times, in agreement with the proposed bound. This result, however, is contingent on several estimates and assumptions; in particular, we rely on a conjectural upper bound on the Euler number of the Calabi-Yau fourfolds used in KKLT compactifications. C1 [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lippert, Matthew] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Lippert, Matthew] Univ Haifa, Dept Math & Phys, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel. RP Freivogel, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM freivogel@berkeley.edu; matthewslippert@gmail.com FU Israel Science Foundation [568/05]; Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics; DOE [DE-AC0376SF00098] FX We particularly thank Raphael Bousso for collaboration in the early stages of this project and Shamit Kachru for discussions and technical assistance. We have also enjoyed helpful discussions with Chris Beem, Steve Giddings, Maximilian Kreuzer, Andrei Linde, Liam McAllister, Yu Nakayama, Stephen Shenker, Eva Silverstein, and Leonard Susskind. This work was supported by Israel Science Foundation grant 568/05, the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, and by DOE grant DE-AC0376SF00098. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 IS 12 AR 096 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TM UT WOS:000265578300096 ER PT J AU Gleisberg, T Hoche, S AF Gleisberg, Tanju Hoeche, Stefan TI Comix, a new matrix element generator SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Jets; QCD; Standard Model ID PHASE-SPACE GENERATOR; MONTE-CARLO; SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; HADRON-COLLISIONS; TREE; RECURSION; COLLIDERS; GLUONS; LEVEL AB We present a new tree-level matrix element generator, based on the colour dressed Berends-Giele recursive relations. We discuss two new algorithms for phase space integration, dedicated to be used with large multiplicities and colour sampling. C1 [Gleisberg, Tanju] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Hoeche, Stefan] Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Gleisberg, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM tanju@slac.stanford.edu; stefan.hoeche@durham.ac.uk FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Marie Curie Research Training Network [MRTN-CT-2006-035505]; MCnet [MRTN-CT-2006035606] FX We like to thank Claude Duhr, Frank Krauss and Fabio Maltoni for fruitful discussions and their comments on the manuscript. Special thanks for technical support go to Jonathan Ferland, Phil Roffe, Graeme Stewart and the ScotGrid [ 55] Tier 2 sites Durham and Glasgow. We thank Steffen Schumann for providing comparison results from Amegic++ and Michelangelo Mangano for results from Alpgen. TG's research was supported by the US Department of Energy, contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. SH thanks the HEPTOOLS Marie Curie Research Training Network ( contract number MRTN-CT-2006-035505) for an Early Stage Researcher position. Support from MCnet ( contract number MRTN-CT-2006035606) is acknowledged. NR 54 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 IS 12 AR 039 PG 33 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TM UT WOS:000265578300039 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Murch, RR Ross, MA Ganguly, AR Nachabe, M AF Zhang, Jing Murch, Renee R. Ross, Mark A. Ganguly, Auroop R. Nachabe, Mahmood TI Evaluation of Statistical Rainfall Disaggregation Methods Using Rain-Gauge Information for West-Central Florida SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; POINT-PROCESS MODEL; STOCHASTIC DISAGGREGATION; CASCADE MODEL; TIME-SERIES; TEMPORAL DISAGGREGATION; URBAN HYDROLOGY; SIMULATION; PRECIPITATION; WATER AB Rainfall disaggregation in time can be useful for the simulation of hydrologic systems and the prediction of floods and flash floods. Disaggregation of rainfall to timescales less than 1 h can be especially useful for small urbanized watershed study, and for continuous hydrologic simulations and when Hortonian or saturation-excess runoff dominates. However, the majority of rain gauges in any region record rainfall in daily time steps or, very often, hourly records have extensive missing data. Also, the convective nature of the rainfall can result in significant differences in the measured rainfall at nearby gauges. This study evaluates several statistical approaches for rainfall disaggregation which may be applicable using data from West-Central Florida, specifically from 1 h observations to 15 min records, and proposes new methodologies that have the potential to outperform existing approaches. Four approaches are examined. The first approach is an existing direct scaling method that utilizes observed 15 min rainfall at secondary rain gauges, to disaggregate observed 1 h rainfall at more numerous primary rain gauges. The second approach is an extension of an existing method for continuous rainfall disaggregation through statistical distributional assumptions. The third approach relies on artificial neural networks for the disaggregation process without sorting and the fourth approach extends the neural network methods through statistical preprocessing via new sorting and desorting schemes. The applicability and performance of these methods were evaluated using information from a fairly dense rain gauge network in West-Central Florida. Of the four methods compared, the sorted neural networks and the direct scaling method predicted peak rainfall magnitudes significantly better than the remaining techniques. The study also suggests that desorting algorithms would also be useful to randomly replace the artificial hyetograph within a rainfall period. C1 [Zhang, Jing] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Key Lab Resource Environm & GIS Beijing, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. [Ross, Mark A.; Nachabe, Mahmood] Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Murch, Renee R.] Water Resource EngineerIntera Inc, Lutz, FL 33548 USA. [Ganguly, Auroop R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Key Lab Resource Environm & GIS Beijing, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China. EM maggie2008zj@yahoo.com NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1158 EP 1169 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:12(1158) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 372YI UT WOS:000260937800006 ER PT J AU Williams, GP Tomasko, D AF Williams, Gustavious Paul Tomasko, David TI Analytical Solution to the Advective-Dispersive Equation with a Decaying Source and Contaminant SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; MODEL AB We present an analytical solution of the one-dimensional contaminant transport undergoing advection, dispersion, sorption, and first-order decay, subject to a first-order decaying contaminant concentration at the source and a Type I, Dirichlet, boundary at infinity. This solution is unique because of the boundary conditions imposed, but similar to other published solutions. We briefly describe the governing equations, boundary and initial conditions, and the solution techniques used to develop the analytical solution. We provide and discuss the analytic solution using examples with source decay less than, equal to, and greater than contaminant decay during transport. Then we compare the results to several published solutions in the fields of radioactive waste disposal and recalcitrant nonaqueous phase liquid modeling. The other analytical solution results are similar to ours, but the RT3D solution shows more numerical dispersion than our solution. C1 [Williams, Gustavious Paul] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Tomasko, David] Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Williams, GP (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 368 Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM gwilliams@et.byu.edu; dtomasko@anl.gov RI Williams, Gustavious/P-7252-2014 OI Williams, Gustavious/0000-0002-2781-0738 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1193 EP 1196 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:12(1193) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 372YI UT WOS:000260937800010 ER PT J AU Huang, MY Liang, X Leung, LR AF Huang, Maoyi Liang, Xu Leung, L. Ruby TI A Generalized Subsurface Flow Parameterization Considering Subgrid Spatial Variability of Recharge and Topography SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARKANSAS RIVER-BASIN; WATER-TABLE DYNAMICS; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; SOIL-MOISTURE; TRANSMISSIVITY PROFILE; GROUNDWATER OUTFLOW; MODEL; TOPMODEL; CATCHMENTS; HILLSLOPE AB Subsurface flow is an important hydrologic process and a key component of the water budget. Through its direct impacts on soil moisture, it can affect water and energy fluxes at the land surface and influence the regional climate and water cycle. In this study, a new subsurface flow formulation is developed that incorporates the spatial variability of both topography and recharge. It is shown through theoretical derivation and case studies that the power-law and exponential subsurface flow parameterizations and the parameterization proposed by Woods et al. are all special cases of the new formulation. The subsurface flows calculated using the new formulation compare well with values derived from observations at Tulpe-hocken Creek, Pennsylvania, and Walnut Creek, Iowa. Sensitivity studies show that when the spatial variability of topography or recharge, or both is increased, the subsurface flows increase at the two aforementioned sites and at the Maimai hillslope, New Zealand. This is likely due to enhancement of interactions between the groundwater table and the land surface that reduce the flow path. An important conclusion of this study is that the spatial variability of recharge alone, and/or in combination with the spatial variability of topography can substantially alter the behaviors of subsurface flows. This suggests that in macroscale hydrologic models or land surface models, subgrid variations of recharge and topography can make significant contributions to the grid mean subsurface flow and must be accounted for in regions with large surface heterogeneity. This is particularly true for regions with humid climate and a relatively shallow groundwater table where the combined impacts of spatial variability of recharge and topography are shown to be more important. For regions with an arid climate and a relatively deep groundwater table, simpler formulations, for example, the power law, for subsurface flow can work well, and the impacts of subgrid variations of recharge and topography may be ignored. C1 [Huang, Maoyi] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Huang, Maoyi] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Huang, Maoyi; Liang, Xu] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Huang, MY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM xuliang@pitt.edu RI Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012 OI Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485 NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1171 DI 10.1175/2008JHM936.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600002 ER PT J AU Savukov, I Matlashov, A Volegov, P Espy, M Cooper, M AF Savukov, I. Matlashov, A. Volegov, P. Espy, M. Cooper, M. TI Detection of He-3 spins with ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance employing SQUIDs for application to a neutron electric dipole moment experiment SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Helium; SQUID; Ultra-low field; Neutron; Electric dipole moment ID MICROTESLA FIELDS AB The precession of He-3 spins is detected with ultra-low field NMR. The absolute strength of the NMR signal is accurately measured and agrees closely with theoretical calculations. The sensitivity is analyzed for applications to a neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) fundamental symmetry experiment under development. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Savukov, I.; Matlashov, A.; Volegov, P.; Espy, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cooper, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Subatom Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Savukov, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM isavukov@lanl.gov OI Savukov, Igor/0000-0003-4190-5335 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 195 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.09.008 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 374KZ UT WOS:000261043600002 PM 18835204 ER PT J AU Pasilis, SP Kertesz, V Van Berkel, GJ Schulz, M Schorcht, S AF Pasilis, Sofie P. Kertesz, Vilmos Van Berkel, Gary J. Schulz, Michael Schorcht, Susanne TI HPTLC/DESI-MS imaging of tryptic protein digests separated in two dimensions SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE DESI; peptides; HPTLC; mass spectrometry; imaging ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMBIENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; DESI; INSTRUMENTATION; PROTEOMICS; CHEMISTRY; FORENSICS; BIOLOGY AB Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was demonstrated as a method to detect and identify peptides from two-dimensional separations of cytochrome c and myoglobin tryptic digests on ProteoChrom HPTLC Cellulose sheets. Data-dependent tandem mass spectra were acquired during lane scans across the TLC plates. Peptides and the corresponding proteins were identified using a protein database search software. Two-dimensional distributions of identified peptides were mapped for each separated protein digest. Sequence coverages for cytochrome c and myoglobin were 81 and 74%, respectively. These compared well with those determined using the more standard HPLC/ESI-MS/MS approach (89 and 84%, respectively). Preliminary results show that use of more sensitive instrumentation has the potential for improved detection of peptides with low R(f) values and improvement in sequence coverage. However, less multiple charging and more sodiation were seen in HPTLC/DESI-MS spectra relative to HPLC/ESI-MS spectra, which can affect peptide identification by MS/MS. Methods to increase multiple charging and reduce the extent of sodiation are currently under investigation. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Pasilis, Sofie P.; Kertesz, Vilmos; Van Berkel, Gary J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schulz, Michael; Schorcht, Susanne] Merck KGaA, Thin Layer Chromatog Lab, Performance & Life Sci Chem, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) [ORNL02-0662]; ORNL Technology Transfer and Economic Development (TTED); Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, United States Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Battelle Memorial Institute Technology Maturation Fund; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX S.P.P. acknowledges an Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) appointment through the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program. Dr Julian Philips(ThermoScientific) is thanked for the loan of the LCQ Deca ion trap mass spectrometer. Dr Richard King (Merck and Co.) is thanked for the use of the LTQ mass spectrometer. The MicroIonSpray head used to fabricate the DESI emitter was provided through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with MDS Sciex (ORNL02-0662). The surface scanning platform and associated control software used in this study were developed with support from ORNL Technology Transfer and Economic Development (TTED) royalty funds. Research into the fundamental aspects of ion formation was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Development of surface sampling/ionization approaches for the analysis of peptides/proteins on planar separation Media was supported by the Battelle Memorial Institute Technology Maturation Fund. ORNL is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 34 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1627 EP 1635 DI 10.1002/jms.1431 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 385JZ UT WOS:000261811800003 PM 18563861 ER PT J AU Yusufoglu, Y Hu, Y Kanapathipillai, M Kramer, M Kalay, YE Thiyagarajan, P Akinc, M Schmidt-Rohr, K Mallapragada, S AF Yusufoglu, Yusuf Hu, Yanyan Kanapathipillai, Mathumai Kramer, Matthew Kalay, Yunus E. Thiyagarajan, P. Akinc, Mufit Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus Mallapragada, Surya TI Bioinspired synthesis of self-assembled calcium phosphate nanocomposites using block copolymer-peptide conjugates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; CRYSTALLINE CARBONATE APATITE; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HYDROXYAPATITE; MINERALIZATION; BONE; SCAFFOLDS AB Thermoreversibly gelling block copolymers conjugated to hydroxyapatite-nucleating peptides were used to template the growth of inorganic calcium phosphate in aqueous solutions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and small-angle scattering were Used to characterize these samples and confirm that the peptides promoted the growth of hydroxyapatite as the inorganic phase. Three different polymer templates were Used with varying charges oil the polymer chains (nonionic. anionic. and zwitterionic), to investigate the role of charge oil mineralization. All of the polymer-inorganic solutions exhibited thermoreversible gelation above room temperature. Nanocomposite formation was confirmed by solid-state NMR, and Several methods identified the Inorganic component as hydroxyapatite. Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy showed thin, elongated crystallites. Thermogravimetric analysis Showed an inorganic content of 30-45 wt% (based oil the mass of the dried,gel at similar to 200 degrees C) in the various samples. Our work offers routes For bioinspired bottom-up approaches for the development of novel, self-assembling, injectable nanocomposite biomaterials for potential orthopedic applications. C1 [Yusufoglu, Yusuf; Hu, Yanyan; Kanapathipillai, Mathumai; Kramer, Matthew; Kalay, Yunus E.; Akinc, Mufit; Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus; Mallapragada, Surya] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiyagarajan, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mallapragada, S (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM suryakm@iastate.edu RI Mallapragada, Surya/F-9375-2012; Hu, Yan-Yan/A-1795-2015 OI Hu, Yan-Yan/0000-0003-0677-5897 FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Services [DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-AC0206CH11357] FX This work was Supported by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Services Under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. This work benefited from the use of the APS and the IPNS, funded by the United States DOE, Office of Science. Office of Basic Energy Science under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3196 EP 3212 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0388 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 379YJ UT WOS:000261432200009 ER PT J AU Thomas, GH Specht, ED Larese, JZ Xue, ZB Beach, DB AF Thomas, George H. Specht, Eliot D. Larese, John Z. Xue, Ziling B. Beach, David B. TI Growth of epitaxial films of sodium potassium tantalate and niobate on single-crystal lanthanum aluminate [100] substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NA0.5K0.5NBO3 THIN-FILMS; SOL-GEL ROUTE; OXIDE; DEPOSITION AB Epitaxial films of sodium potassium tantalate (Na(0.5)K(0.5)TaO(3,) NKT) and sodium potassium niobtate (Na(0.5)K(0.5)NbO(3,) NKN) were grown on single-crystal lanthanum aluminate (LAO) (100) (indexed as a pseudo-cubic unit cell) substrates via an all-alkoxide solution (methoxyethoxide complexes in 2-methoxyethanol) deposition route for the first time. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the onset of crystallization in powders formed from hydrolyzed gel samples was 550 degrees C. (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of solution of methoxyethoxide complexes indicated that mixed-metal species were formed, consistent with the low crystallization temperatures observed. Thermal gravimetric analysis with simultaneous mass spectrometry showed the facile loss of the ligand (methoxyethoxide) at temperatures below 400 degrees C. Crystalline films were obtained at temperatures as low as 650 degrees C when annealed in air. theta-2 theta x-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the films possessed c-axis alignment in that only (h00) reflections were observed. Pole-figures about the NKT or NKN (220) reflection indicated a single in-plane, cube-on-cube epitaxy. The quality of the films was estimated via omega (out-of-plane) and phi (in-plane) scans and full-widths at half-maximum (FWHMs) were found to be reasonably narrow (similar to 1 degrees), considering the lattice mismatch between the films and the substrate. C1 [Larese, John Z.; Beach, David B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thomas, George H.; Larese, John Z.; Xue, Ziling B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Specht, Eliot D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beach, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beachdb@ornl.gov RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was performed with the Support of the Division of Materials Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, United States Department of Energy, Under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3281 EP 3287 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0393 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 379YJ UT WOS:000261432200021 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Estrin, Y Langdon, TG Liao, XZ Lowe, TC Shan, ZW Valiev, RZ AF Zhu, Yuntian Estrin, Yuri Langdon, Terence G. Liao, Xiaozhou Lowe, Terry C. Shan, Zhiwei Valiev, Ruslan Z. TI Special Issue: Ultrafine-Grained Materials Preface SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhu, Yuntian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Estrin, Yuri] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Estrin, Yuri] Monash Univ, CSIRO, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Langdon, Terence G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Liao, Xiaozhou] Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lowe, Terry C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Base Programs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shan, Zhiwei] Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA. [Valiev, Ruslan Z.] Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. [Langdon, Terence G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ytzhu@ncsu.edu; yuri.estrin@eng.monash.edu.au; langdon@usc.edu; X.Liao@usyd.edu.au; tlowe@lanl.gov; ZShan@hysitron.com; rzvaliev@mail.rb.ru RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Shan, Zhiwei/B-8799-2014 OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 23-24 BP 7255 EP 7256 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2991-5 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 387LD UT WOS:000261952800001 ER PT J AU Semenova, IP Valiev, RZ Yakushina, EB Salimgareeva, GH Lowe, TC AF Semenova, I. P. Valiev, R. Z. Yakushina, E. B. Salimgareeva, G. H. Lowe, T. C. TI Strength and fatigue properties enhancement in ultrafine-grained Ti produced by severe plastic deformation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ultrafine-Grained Materials CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA ID BEHAVIOR; TITANIUM AB Severe plastic deformation (SPD) of titanium creates an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure which results in significantly enhanced mechanical properties, including increasing the high cycle fatigue strength. This work addresses the challenge of maintaining the high level of properties as SPD processing techniques are evolved from methods suitable for producing laboratory scale samples to methods suitable for commercial scale production of titanium semi-products. Various ways to optimize the strength and fatigue endurance limit in long-length Grade 4 titanium rod processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with subsequent thermal mechanical treatments are considered in this paper. Low-temperature annealing of rods is found to increase the fatigue limit, simultaneously enhancing UFG titanium strength and ductility. The UFG structure in titanium provides an optimum combination of properties when its microstructure includes mostly equiaxed grains with high-angle boundaries, the volume fraction of which is no less than 50%. C1 [Semenova, I. P.; Valiev, R. Z.; Yakushina, E. B.; Salimgareeva, G. H.] Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. [Lowe, T. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Semenova, IP (reprint author), Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, 12 K Marx Str, Ufa 450000, Russia. EM semenova-ip@mail.ru; RZValiev@mail.rb.ru RI Semenova, Irina/K-7508-2014 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 23-24 BP 7354 EP 7359 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2984-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 387LD UT WOS:000261952800017 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Field, RD Hartwig, KT Necker, CT AF Beyerlein, I. J. Field, R. D. Hartwig, K. T. Necker, C. T. TI Texture development in two-pass ECAE-processed beryllium SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ultrafine-Grained Materials CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; WROUGHT MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; INTERSTITIAL-FREE STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; SIMPLE SHEAR; ROUTE-C; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION AB Texture development and substructure evolution are described for pure beryllium given two-pass equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) processing following routes A and C. These routes impose different strain paths between the first and second passes-the former cross-shearing and the latter reversal. Polycrystal calculations that are in good agreement with the texture measurements suggest that basal slip and, secondly, prismatic slip are operative in both passes of both routes. Multi scale polycrystal modeling is shown to effectively predict texture evolution to strains of two caused by both ECAE processing routes. Shear-like deformation textures observed in the second pass of route C are explained by differences in deformation characteristics between the first and second passes. C1 [Beyerlein, I. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Field, R. D.; Necker, C. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hartwig, K. T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 60 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 23-24 BP 7465 EP 7473 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2635-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 387LD UT WOS:000261952800034 ER PT J AU Percus, AG Istrate, G Goncalves, B Sumi, RZ Boettcher, S AF Percus, Allon G. Istrate, Gabriel Goncalves, Bruno Sumi, Robert Z. Boettcher, Stefan TI The peculiar phase structure of random graph bisection SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE graph theory; random processes; spontaneous symmetry breaking ID RANDOM SATISFIABILITY PROBLEMS; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; BIPARTITIONING PROBLEM; OPTIMIZATION; CUTS AB The mincut graph bisection problem involves partitioning the n vertices of a graph into disjoint subsets, each containing exactly n/2 vertices, while minimizing the number of "cut" edges with an endpoint in each subset. When considered over sparse random graphs, the phase structure of the graph bisection problem displays not only certain familiar properties but also some surprises. It is known that when the mean degree is below the critical value of 2 log 2, the cutsize is zero with high probability. We study how the minimum cutsize increases with mean degree above this critical threshold, finding a new analytical upper bound that improves considerably upon previous bounds. Combined with recent results on expander graphs, our bound suggests the unusual scenario that random graph bisection is replica symmetric up to and beyond the critical threshold, with a replica symmetry breaking transition possibly taking place above the threshold. An intriguing algorithmic consequence is that although the problem is NP-hard, we can conceivably find near-optimal cutsizes (whose ratio to the optimal value approaches 1 asymptotically) in polynomial time for typical instances near the phase transition. C1 [Percus, Allon G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Informat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Istrate, Gabriel] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Istrate, Gabriel; Sumi, Robert Z.] eAustria Res Inst, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania. [Goncalves, Bruno; Boettcher, Stefan] Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Sumi, Robert Z.] Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Phys, RO-400884 Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Percus, AG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Informat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM percus@ipam.ucla.edu; gabrielistrate@acm.org; bgoncalves@physics.emory.edu; rsumi@phys.ubbcluj.ro; stb@physics.emory.edu RI Goncalves, Bruno/A-8541-2009; Boettcher, Stefan/G-2640-2010 OI Goncalves, Bruno/0000-0001-5644-3749; Boettcher, Stefan/0000-0003-1273-6771 FU U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Romanian CNCSIS; National Science Foundation [DMR-0312510] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 6th European Community Framework Programme, a PN II/Parteneriate grant from the Romanian CNCSIS, and a National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-0312510. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 12 AR 125219 DI 10.1063/1.3043666 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 391HS UT WOS:000262225000020 ER PT J AU Manginell, RP Adkins, DR Moorman, MW Hadizadeh, R Copic, D Porter, DA Anderson, JM Hietala, VM Bryan, JR Wheeler, DR Pfeifer, KB Rumpf, A AF Manginell, Ronald P. Adkins, Douglas R. Moorman, Matthew W. Hadizadeh, Rameen Copic, Davor Porter, Daniel Allen Anderson, John M. Hietala, Vincent M. Bryan, Jon R. Wheeler, David R. Pfeifer, Kent B. Rumpf, Arthur TI Mass-Sensitive Microfabricated Chemical Preconcentrator SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Gas sensing; microanalytical system; microfabricated preconcentrator (PC); micro gas chromatography (GC); shear modulus of silicon; torsion ID RECENT ADVANCEMENTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH; SILICON; FOCUSER; SENSOR AB This paper describes a mass-sensitive microfabricated preconcentrator for use in chemical detection microsystems. The device combines mass sensing and preconcentration to create a smart preconcentrator (SPC) that determines when it has collected sufficient analyte for analysis by a downstream chemical microsystem. The SPC is constructed from a Lorentz-force-actuated pivot-plate resonator with an integrated heater. Subsequent to microfabrication, the SPC is coated with an adsorbent for collection of chemical analytes. The frequency of operation varies inversely with the mass of collected analyte. Such shifts can be measured by a back-EMF in the SPC's drive/transducer line. By using a calibrated vapor system, the limit of detection of the SPC was determined to be less than 50 ppb for dimethyl-methyl-phosphonate (DMMP) (actual limits of detection are omitted due to export control limitations). At 1 ppm of DMMP, 1-s collection was sufficient to trigger analysis in a downstream microsystem; other micropreconcentrators would require an arbitrary collection time, normally set at 1 min or longer. This paper describes the theory of operation, design, fabrication, coating, vapor system testing, and integration of the SPC into microanalytical systems. The theory of operation, which is applicable to other torsional oscillators, is used to predict a shear modulus of silicon (100) of G = 57.0 GPa +/- 2.2 GPa. C1 [Manginell, Ronald P.; Moorman, Matthew W.; Porter, Daniel Allen; Anderson, John M.; Hietala, Vincent M.; Bryan, Jon R.; Wheeler, David R.; Pfeifer, Kent B.; Rumpf, Arthur] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Adkins, Douglas R.] Defiant Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Hadizadeh, Rameen] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30294 USA. [Copic, Davor] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Manginell, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rpmangi@sandia.gov; adkins@defiant-tech.com; mmoorma@sandia.gov; hadizadeh@gatech.edu; copicd@umich.edu; xquicksilverx@gmail.com; jmander@sandia.gov; vmhieta@sandia.gov; jrbryan@sandia.gov; drwheel@sandia.gov RI Copic, Davor/J-5011-2014 OI Copic, Davor/0000-0002-9346-8846 FU Sandia National Laboratories LDRD program; [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by a Sandia National Laboratories LDRD program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Subject Editor K. E. Petersen. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1396 EP 1407 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.2004983 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 382OZ UT WOS:000261616600012 ER PT J AU Lee, J Spadaccini, CM Mukerjee, EV King, WP AF Lee, Jungchul Spadaccini, Christopher M. Mukerjee, Erik V. King, William P. TI Differential Scanning Calorimeter Based on Suspended Membrane Single Crystal Silicon Microhotplate SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC); microhotplate; single crystal silicon; suspended membrane ID MELTING-POINT DEPRESSION; ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS; OXIDE GAS SENSORS; MICRO-HOTPLATE; GLASS-TRANSITION; NANOCALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; THIN-FILMS; METAL; TEMPERATURE AB This paper introduces an array of single crystal silicon microhotplates for differential scanning calorimetry. Heat transfer analysis considers the tradeoffs between heating and cooling rate, temperature uniformity, and measurement sensitivity, and determines the optimal design for a suspended membrane microhotplate with full backside release. Additionally, considering the requirements of routine sample loading, the size of the square heater (L-H) is 100 or 200 mu m, while the size of the backside membrane cavity is 400 mu m. In the heater region, two interdigitated serpentine doped silicon resistors were designed such that several operational configurations were possible. The hotplates exhibited very high heating efficiency of 36.7 K/mW with L-H = 100 mu m and 18.3 K/mW with L-H = 200 mu m while also having time constants on the order of 1 ms. Paraffin wax was mounted on the sensor, and melting was observed when the heater temperature was 55 degrees C with a voltage ramp of 0.2 V/s. With 8 V/s, the paraffin sample was completely consumed within 1 ms with 0.317 mJ of thermal energy extracted. Our design achieves a combination of time constant, temperature sensitivity, and heating efficiency that are comparable or superior to previously published microcalorimeters. C1 [Lee, Jungchul; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Spadaccini, Christopher M.; Mukerjee, Erik V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jayclee@mit.edu; spadaccini2@llnl.gov; mukerjee2@llnl.gov; wpk@uiuc.edu OI Lee, Jungchul/0000-0001-7880-8657 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-404777)] FX Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-404777). NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1513 EP 1525 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.2006811 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 382OZ UT WOS:000261616600024 ER PT J AU Sundaram, A Maddela, M Ramadoss, R Feldner, LM AF Sundaram, Ananth Maddela, Madhurima Ramadoss, Ramesh Feldner, Lucas M. TI MEMS-Based Electronically Steerable Antenna Array Fabricated Using PCB Technology (vol 17, pg 356, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Correction C1 [Sundaram, Ananth] IBM Corp, Compact Modeling Grp, Bangalore 560071, Karnataka, India. [Maddela, Madhurima; Ramadoss, Ramesh] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ramadoss, Ramesh] FormFactor Inc, MEMS R&D Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Feldner, Lucas M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Syst Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Sundaram, A (reprint author), IBM Corp, Compact Modeling Grp, Bangalore 560071, Karnataka, India. EM anathsund@gmail.com; maddema@auburn.edu; ramadra@auburn.edu; lmfeldn@sandia.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1556 EP 1556 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2008.2009737 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 382OZ UT WOS:000261616600028 ER PT J AU Song, H Mulukutla, V James, CD Bennett, DJ AF Song, Hongjun Mulukutla, Vishwanath James, Conrad D. Bennett, Dawn J. TI Continuous-mode dielectrophoretic gating for highly efficient separation of analytes in surface micromachined microfluidic devices SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CELL; PARTICLES AB Here, we describe a dielectrophoretic (DEP) gating technique for preconcentrating and separating biological and non-biological particles in a microfluidic device. The microfluidic devices are surface-micromachined on silicon substrates and are fully encapsulated without substrate bonding procedures. DEP gates in the devices consist of embedded microelectrodes that are coupled to the fluid channels for analyte manipulation with electric fields. We consider several different microelectrode designs such as low and high radius-of-curvature edges, and we detail the time- and frequency-dependent preconcentration of particles. Simulations of the particle motion under the manipulation of DEP forces are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Experimental results show that bioparticles such as Penicillium brevicompactum (PBC), T-cells and Escherichia coli (E. coli) undergo positive DEP and are trapped in regions of large electric-field gradient adjacent to the DEP gate. In contrast to our previous demonstration of batch-mode separation of particles with different dielectric properties, here we perform a continuous-mode separation of latex particles and E. coli from a mixture. C1 [Song, Hongjun; Mulukutla, Vishwanath; Bennett, Dawn J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [James, Conrad D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Song, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hongjs1@umbc.edu; vish1@umbc.edu; cdjame@sandia.gov; dawnb@umbc.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-ACO4-94-AL85000] FX DB thanks Sandia's MESA Institute and the NSF MAGNET/SEM program for support. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract no DE-ACO4-94-AL85000. Special thanks are due to Theresa Good and her graduate students at UMBC for supplying the T-cells and for their laboratory assistance. The authors thank Kishore Gandaharan for his assistance in preparing the particle suspensions. The authors would also like to thank Frances Ligler for her consultation in preparing this manuscript. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 12 AR 125013 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/18/12/125013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 376PW UT WOS:000261196500013 ER PT J AU Cai, ZQ Guisinger, M Kim, HG Ruck, E Blazier, JC McMurtry, V Kuehl, JV Boore, J Jansen, RK AF Cai, Zhengqiu Guisinger, Mary Kim, Hyi-Gyung Ruck, Elizabeth Blazier, John C. McMurtry, Vanity Kuehl, Jennifer V. Boore, Jeffrey Jansen, Robert K. TI Extensive Reorganization of the Plastid Genome of Trifolium subterraneum (Fabaceae) Is Associated with Numerous Repeated Sequences and Novel DNA Insertions SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Fabaceae; Plastid genome; Repeated sequences; Trifolium ID REARRANGED CHLOROPLAST GENOME; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; BASAL ANGIOSPERM; INVERTED REPEAT; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; TRACHELIUM-CAERULEUM; DISPERSED REPEATS; MAIZE GENOME; EVOLUTION AB The plastid genome of Trifolium subterraneum is 144,763 bp, about 20 kb longer than those of closely related legumes, which also lost one copy of the large inverted repeat (IR). The genome has undergone extensive genomic reconfiguration, including the loss of six genes (accD, infA, rpl22, rpsl6; rpsl8, and ycfl) and two introns (clpP and rpsl2) and numerous gene order changes, attributable to 14-18 inversions. All endpoints of rearranged gene clusters are flanked by repeated sequences, tRNAs, or pseudogenes. One unusual feature of the Trifolium subterraneum genome is the large number of dispersed repeats, which comprise 19.5% (ca. 28 kb) of the genome (versus about 4% for other angiosperms) and account for part of the increase in genome size. Nine genes (psbT, rbcL, clpP, rps3, rpl23, atpB, psbN, tntl-cau, and ycf3) have also been duplicated either partially or completely. 17)123 is the most highly duplicated gene, with portions of this gene duplicated six times. Comparisons of the Trifolium plastid genome with the Plant Repeat Database and searches for flanking inverted repeats suggest that the high incidence of dispersed repeats and rearrangements is not likely the result of transposition. Trifolium has 19.5 kb of unique DNA distributed among 160 fragments ranging in size from 30 to 494 bp, greatly surpassing the other five sequenced legume plastid genomes in novel DNA content. At least some of this unique DNA may represent horizontal transfer from bacterial genomes. These unusual features provide direction for the development of more complex models of plastid genome evolution. C1 [Jansen, Robert K.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McMurtry, Vanity] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kuehl, Jennifer V.; Boore, Jeffrey] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey] Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP Jansen, RK (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jansen@mail.utexas.edu RI Guisinger, Mary/E-9790-2010; Guisinger, Mary/B-8156-2008; Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011; cai, zhengqiu/G-2002-2011; OI Kuehl, Jennifer/0000-0003-2813-2518 FU National Science Foundation [DEB0120709]; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by Grant DEB0120709 from the National Science Foundation to RX.J. and J.L.B. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Jeff Palmer for providing the purified plastid DNA used in this study and Stephen Downie and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an early draft of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 67 IS 6 BP 696 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s00239-008-9180-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 399ZK UT WOS:000262837600010 PM 19018585 ER PT J AU Kleiner, I Moazzen-Ahmadi, N McKellar, ARW Blake, TA Sams, RL Sharpe, SW Moruzzi, G Hougen, JT AF Kleiner, I. Moazzen-Ahmadi, N. McKellar, A. R. W. Blake, T. A. Sams, R. L. Sharpe, S. W. Moruzzi, G. Hougen, J. T. TI Assignment, fit, and theoretical discussion of the v(10) band of acetaldehyde near 509 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Acetaldehyde; Bright state; Torsional bath; Vibration torsion rotation interaction; Hamiltonian; Least squares fit; Infrared transitions; Microwave transitions ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATION-TORSION-ROTATION; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; RITZ PROGRAM; RESOLUTION; SPECTRUM; STATE; COMPLEXES AB The lowest small-amplitude vibration in acetaldehyde (CH(3)CHO) is the in-plane aldehyde scissors mode via at 509 cm(-1). This mode lies about 175 cm(-1) above the top of the barrier to internal rotation of the methyl group and is relatively well separated from other small-amplitude vibrational states (the next fundamental occurring more than 250 cm(-1) higher). It thus provides an excellent example of an isolated small-amplitude fundamental (bright state) embedded in a bath of dark states. Since the bath states at these energies are not too dense, and since they arise purely from states of the large-amplitude torsional vibration of the methyl rotor, a detailed spectroscopic analysis of interactions between the bright state and the bath states should be possible. This paper represents the first step toward that goal. We have assigned several thousand transitions in the v(10) band (J <= 28, K <= 12), and have carried out a simultaneous fit of 2400 of these transitions (J <= 15, K <= 9) with over 8100 transitions to the torsional bath state levels. Three vibration-torsion interactions, which give rise to rather global level shifts of the order of 1 cm(-1) in the v(10) levels, have been identified and quantitatively fit. A number of vibration-torsion-rotation interactions, which give rise to localized (avoided-crossing) shifts in v(10) have also been determined. The present analysis indicates the need for reliable spectroscopic information on more of the torsional bath states in the immediate vicinity of the v(10) levels. Possible ways of obtaining such information in future studies are considered. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleiner, I.] Univ Paris 12, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Kleiner, I.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [McKellar, A. R. W.] Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Blake, T. A.; Sams, R. L.; Sharpe, S. W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Moruzzi, G.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Hougen, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kleiner, I (reprint author), Univ Paris 12, CNRS, LISA, 61 Av Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM kleiner@lisa.univ-paris12.fr NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 252 IS 2 BP 214 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.09.004 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 382PV UT WOS:000261618800015 ER PT J AU Leonard, JP Chung, SJ Nettleship, I Soong, Y Martello, DV Chyu, MK AF Leonard, J. P. Chung, S. J. Nettleship, I. Soong, Y. Martello, D. V. Chyu, M. K. TI Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanofluids Prepared with Aggregated Nanocrystalline Powders SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanofluids; ZnO (Znic Oxide); Sedimentation; Stability; Thermal Conductivity ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LASER-ABLATION; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; SUSPENSIONS AB Aqueous zinc oxide (ZnO) suspensions were prepared using a two-step preparation method in which an aggregated nanocrystalline ZnO powder was dispersed in water using a polyelectrolyte. The fluid showed anomalously high thermal conductivity when compared with the Maxwell and Hamilton-Crosser predictions. However, analysis of the particle size distribution showed that the fluid contained aggregated 20 nm crystallites of ZnO with a high volume fraction of particles larger than 100 nm. Sedimentation experiments revealed that particles settled out of the stationary fluid over times ranging from 0.1 hours to well over 10,000 hours. The size of the particles remaining in suspension agreed well with predictions made using Stoke's law, suggesting flocculation was not occurring in the fluids. Finally, a new concept of nanofluid stability is introduced based on the height of the fluid, sedimentation, Brownian motion and the kinetic energy of the particles. C1 [Leonard, J. P.; Chung, S. J.; Nettleship, I.; Chyu, M. K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Leonard, J. P.; Chung, S. J.; Nettleship, I.; Soong, Y.; Martello, D. V.; Chyu, M. K.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Chung, SJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 848 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RI Martello, Daniele/J-3131-2012 OI Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-C26-04NT41817.606.08.07.104] FX This research effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory under Contract DE-C26-04NT41817.606.08.07.104. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 6361 EP 6366 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.356 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 395ST UT WOS:000262544500023 PM 19205207 ER PT J AU Wu, FX Zaug, JM Young, CE Zhang, JZ AF Wu, Fanxin Zaug, Joseph M. Young, Christopher E. Zhang, Jin Z. TI Pressure-induced Phase Transition in Thiol-Capped CdTe Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CdTe Nanoparticles; Phase Transition ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLES; CDS MICROCRYSTALS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BAND-GAP; DEPENDENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; EDGE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Phase transitions for CdTe nanoparticles (NPs) under high pressure up to 37.0 GPa have been studied using fluorescence measurements. The phase transition from cinnarbar to rocksalt phase has been observed in CdTe NPs solution at 5.8 GPa, which is much higher than the phase transition pressure of bulk CdTe (3.8 GPa) and that of CdTe NPs in solid form (0.8 GPa). CdTe NPs solution therefore shows elevated phase transition pressure and enhanced stability against pressure compared with bulk CdTe and CdTe NPs in solid forms. The enhanced stability of CdTe NPs solution has been attributed to possible shape change in the phase transition and/or inhomogeneous strains in nanoparticle solutions. C1 [Zaug, Joseph M.; Young, Christopher E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wu, Fanxin; Zhang, Jin Z.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zaug, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-350, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU American Chemical Society; The National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; UCSC Faculty Research Fund; UC Collaborative Lab Exchange (CLE) Program; US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was supported by the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society, The National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, UCSC Faculty Research Fund, and the UC Collaborative Lab Exchange (CLE) Program. This work partially performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-Eng-48. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 6528 EP 6532 DI 10.1166/jnn.2008.011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 395ST UT WOS:000262544500052 PM 19205235 ER PT J AU Retterer, ST Smith, KL Bjornsson, CS Turner, JN Isaacson, MS Shain, W AF Retterer, S. T. Smith, K. L. Bjornsson, C. S. Turner, J. N. Isaacson, M. S. Shain, W. TI Constant pressure fluid infusion into rat neocortex from implantable microfluidic devices SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-INTERFACE BCI; NEUROPROSTHETIC DEVICES; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; BRAIN-TISSUE; RESPONSES; OPERATION; DELIVERY; LEVEL; CELL AB Implantable electrode arrays capable of recording and stimulating neural activity with high spatial and temporal resolution will provide a foundation for future brain computer interface technology. Currently, their clinical impact has been curtailed by a general lack of functional stability, which can be attributed to the acute and chronic reactive tissue responses to devices implanted in the brain. Control of the tissue environment surrounding implanted devices through local drug delivery could significantly alter both the acute and chronic reactive responses, and thus enhance device stability. Here, we characterize pressure-mediated release of test compounds into rat cortex using an implantable microfluidic platform. A fixed volume of fluorescent cell marker cocktail was delivered using constant pressure infusion at reservoir backpressures of 0, 5 and 10 psi. Affected tissue Volumes were imaged and analyzed using epifluorescence and confocal microscropies and quantitative image analysis techniques. The addressable tissue volume for the 5 and 10 psi infusions, defined by fluorescent staining with Hoescht 33342 dye, was significantly larger than the tissue Volume addressed by simple diffusion (0 psi) and the tissue volume exhibiting insertion-related cell damage (stained by propidium iodide). The results demonstrate the potential for using constant pressure infusion to address relevant tissue Volumes with appropriate pharmacologies to alleviate reactive biological responses around inserted neuroprosthetic devices. C1 [Smith, K. L.; Bjornsson, C. S.; Turner, J. N.; Shain, W.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Retterer, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Retterer, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Retterer, S. T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bjornsson, C. S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Biotechnol & Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY USA. [Turner, J. N.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY USA. [Isaacson, M. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Shain, W (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1741-2560 J9 J NEURAL ENG JI J. Neural Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1088/1741-2560/5/4/003 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 388LD UT WOS:000262020400003 PM 18827310 ER PT J AU Kravitz, E Biegon, A AF Kravitz, E. Biegon, A. TI Sex and region dependent NMDA receptor (NMDAR) loss and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains postmortem SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT BrainNet Europe 2nd International Conference on Human Brain Tissue Research CY DEC 10-12, 2008 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Kravitz, E.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sheba Med Ctr, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Biegon, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 115 IS 12 BP 1725 EP 1725 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 376JQ UT WOS:000261180300052 ER PT J AU Stoller, RE Golubov, SI Domain, C Becquart, CS AF Stoller, R. E. Golubov, S. I. Domain, C. Becquart, C. S. TI Mean field rate theory and object kinetic Monte Carlo: A comparison of kinetic models; SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; EQUATION; IRRADIATION; NUCLEATION; SIMULATION; VACANCIES; EVOLUTION; ALLOYS AB Multiscale modeling schemes encompass models from the atomistic to the continuum scale. Phenomena at the mesoscale have typically been simulated using models based on reaction rate theory, such as mean field rate theory (MFRT) or Monte Carlo. These mesoscale models are appropriate for application to problems that involve intermediate-length scales, and timescales from those characteristic of diffusion to long-term microstructural evolution (similar to mu s to years). Although the MFRT and Monte Carlo models can be used simulate the same phenomena, some of the details are handled quite differently in the two approaches. Models employing the rate theory have been extensively used to describe radiation-induced phenomena such as void swelling and irradiation creep. The primary approximations in such models are time and spatial averaging of the radiation damage source term, and spatial averaging of the microstructure into an effective medium. Kinetic Monte Carlo models can account for these spatial and temporal correlations; their primary limitation is the computational burden, which is related to the size of the simulation cell. Even with modern computers, the maximum simulation cell size and the maximum dose (typically much less than I dpa) that can be simulated are limited. In contrast, even very detailed MFRT models can simulate microstructural evolution for doses Lip 100 dpa or greater in clock times that are relatively short. Within the context of the effective medium, essentially any defect density can be simulated. A direct comparison of MFRT and object kinetic MC simulations has been made in the domain of point defect cluster dynamics modeling, which is relevant to the evolution (both nucleation and growth) of radiation-induced defect structures. Overall, the agreement between the two methods is best for irradiation conditions that produce a high density of defects (lower temperature and higher displacement rate) and for materials that have a relatively high density of fixed sinks such as dislocations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stoller, R. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Golubov, S. I.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Domain, C.] EDF R&D Dept MMC, F-77818 Moret Sur Loing, France. [Becquart, C. S.] Univ Lille 1, Lab Met Phys & Genie Mat, UMR 8517, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rkn@ornl.gov RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 16 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.047 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900002 ER PT J AU Calder, AF Bacon, DJ Barashev, AV Osetsky, YN AF Calder, Andrew F. Bacon, David J. Barashev, Alexander V. Osetsky, Yuri N. TI Computer simulation of cascade damage in alpha-iron with carbon in solution SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; FERRITIC STEELS; METALS; FE; COPPER; CU; IMPURITIES; ALLOY AB Molecular dynamics simulation method is used to investigate defect production by displacement cascades in iron with carbon (C) in solution. This is the first study of cascade damage in a metal containing interstitial solute. Iron is of particular interest because of the use of ferritic steels in plant for nuclear power generation. Cascades are simulated with energy in the range 5-20 keV in iron at either 100 or 600 K containing carbon with concentration in the range 0-1 at.%. C in solution has no discernible effect on the number of defects produced in cascades under any of the conditions simulated, nor on the clustered fraction of either self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) or vacancies. However, significant fractions of single SIAs and vacancies are trapped by C in the cascade process, irrespective of cascade energy. The fraction is independent of temperature for vacancies, but increases strongly with temperature for SIAs: this is a consequence of the higher mobility of the SIA. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Calder, Andrew F.; Bacon, David J.; Barashev, Alexander V.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. [Osetsky, Yuri N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Calder, AF (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM afcalder@liv.ac.uk NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.016 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900003 ER PT J AU Malerba, L Caro, A Wallenius, J AF Malerba, Lorenzo Caro, Alfredo Wallenius, Janne TI Multiscale modelling of radiation damage and phase transformations: The challenge of FeCr alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; IRON-CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SIMPLE FERRITIC ALLOYS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CR ALLOYS; AB-INITIO; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION AB We review the experimental evidence of the non-monotonic behaviour of FeCr alloys versus Cr content, particularly under irradiation (ordering versus segregation tendencies, microstructure and phase evolution, hardening and embrittlement), together with the theoretical efforts done at the electronic and atomic level to interpret them. We summarize the achievements of the two interatomic potentials developed for this system and perform a careful scrutiny of their limitations. We emphasise the difficulties related to the study, at the atomic-level, of concentrated alloys and propose routes to overcome them. Finally, we advance some opinions regarding the crucial points that deserve further investigation in order to fully understand this important binary alloy, at the basis of the steels for current and future nuclear applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Malerba, Lorenzo] CEN SCK, Nucl Mat Sci Inst, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Caro, Alfredo] Lawrence Livermore Nat Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wallenius, Janne] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, KTH, Dept Nucl & Reactor Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Malerba, L (reprint author), CEN SCK, Nucl Mat Sci Inst, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM lmalerba@sckcen.be NR 159 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 112 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.014 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900006 ER PT J AU Kurtz, RJ Heinisch, HL Gao, F AF Kurtz, R. J. Heinisch, H. L. Gao, F. TI Modeling of He-defect interactions in ferritic alloys for fusion SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID HELIUM-VACANCY CLUSTERS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY DEFECTS; ALPHA-FE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DIMER METHOD; IRON; DISLOCATIONS; STEELS AB High concentrations of helium will be produced in fusion reactor structural materials due to neutron capture reactions. The creep-rupture and fracture properties may be severely degraded if helium aggregates at grain boundaries to a sufficiently high level. To design helium-resistant microstructures requires detailed knowledge of the transport and fate of helium to sinks. We utilize atomistic methods to study the fate of helium in the neighborhood of dislocations, grain boundaries and coherent nano-clusters in alpha-iron. The binding energies of helium to these defects are strongly correlated with excess atomic volume. Molecular dynamics and the dimer saddle point search method were employed to study the mobility of both interstitial helium atoms and helium-vacancy complexes in dislocations and grain boundaries. The migration energy of interstitial helium in these defects was found to range from about 0.4-0.5 eV. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kurtz, R. J.; Heinisch, H. L.; Gao, F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kurtz, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rj.kurtz@pnl.gov RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.020 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900008 ER PT J AU Kondo, S Katoh, Y Snead, LL AF Kondo, S. Katoh, Y. Snead, L. L. TI Microstructural defects in SiC neutron irradiated at very high temperatures SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SILICON-CARBIDE; SPIN-RESONANCE; CERAMICS; ENERGIES; BEHAVIOR; HELIUM; METALS; ALLOYS AB Microstructures in high purity beta-SiC irradiated with fast neutrons (up to similar to 9.6 x 10(25) n/m(2), in HFIR) at very high temperatures (1130, 1300, and 1460 degrees C) were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Cavities and dislocation loops were generally observed in irradiated samples. The cavities were preferentially formed at grown-in stacking faults, and were spherical in shape below 1300 degrees C and mainly faceted with {111} planes at 1460 degrees C. Estimated volume fractions of observed cavities were much smaller than macroscopic densitometer swelling recently reported, which implies other defects cause the swelling in this temperature regime. Larger Frank loops (>25 nm in radius) formed at 1460 degrees C were identified as interstitial type using the inside/outside method. Unfaulting of the loops was not observed or was very rare. Rapid loop growth and density decrease were observed in the temperature range of 1300-1460 degrees C concurrently with the rapid cavity growth. The limited growth rate of dense loops at lower temperature was discussed in terms of high sink density estimated from a grain-boundary-loop-denuded zone formed at 1130 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kondo, S.; Katoh, Y.; Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kondo, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kondos1@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 42 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 160 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.013 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900012 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Kondo, S Snead, LL AF Katoh, Yutai Kondo, Sosuke Snead, Lance L. TI Microstructures of beta-silicon carbide after irradiation creep deformation at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID EVOLUTION; ISSUES; FIBERS AB Microstructures of silicon carbide were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after creep deformation under neutron irradiation. Thin strip specimens of polycrystalline and monocrystalline, chemically vapor-deposited, beta-phase silicon carbide were irradiated in the high flux isotope reactor to 0.7-4.2 dpa at nominal temperatures of 640-1080 degrees C in an elastically pre-strained bend stress relaxation configuration with the initial stress of similar to 100 MPa. Irradiation creep caused permanent strains of 0.6 to 2.3 X 10(-4). Tensile-loaded near-surface portions of the crept specimens were examined by TEM. The main microstructural features observed were dislocation loops in all samples, and appeared similar to those observed in samples irradiated in non-stressed conditions. Slight but statistically significant anisotropy in dislocation loop microstructure was observed in one irradiation condition, and accounted for at least a fraction of the creep strain derived from the stress relaxation. The estimated total volume of loops accounted for 10-45% of the estimated total swelling. The results imply that the early irradiation creep deformation of SiC observed in this work was driven by anisotropic evolutions of extrinsic dislocation loops and matrix defects with undetectable sizes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Katoh, Yutai; Kondo, Sosuke; Snead, Lance L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.012 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900013 ER PT J AU Richter, A Gheewala, I Smith, R Kenny, SD Valdez, J Sickafus, K AF Richter, Asta Gheewala, Ismail Smith, Roger Kenny, Steven D. Valdez, James Sickafus, Kurt TI Changes in the mechanical properties of irradiated MgO(100) crystals investigated by nanoindentation and computer simulation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MGO SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SENSING INDENTATION; HARDNESS; ORIENTATION AB This paper presents a nanoindentation study of MgO(100) crystals by experiment and molecular dynamics simulations. The MgO crystals are Ar(+) irradiated up to a fluence of 10(20) Ar(+)/m(2). The materials are compared both before and after irradiation by nanoindentation confirming an increase in hardness but not in the indentation modulus with increasing dose. The experimental and simulation results also indicate that radiation induced defect pinning decreases the dislocation mobility to increase hardness and to cause the material to become less brittle. Molecular dynamic simulation studies confirm the experimental observation for non-irradiated magnesia of pop-in events and slip occurring in the (1 1 0) planes which can result in pile up patterns after indentation which are dependent on crystal orientation. The slip systems can cause the injection of half planes into the upper layers, that often retract after tip removal. This feature can be attributed to the formation and partial recombination of nanocracks. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richter, Asta] Univ Appl Sci Wildau, Dept Engn, D-15745 Wildau, Germany. [Gheewala, Ismail; Smith, Roger; Kenny, Steven D.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Valdez, James; Sickafus, Kurt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Richter, A (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Wildau, Dept Engn, Bahnhofstr 1, D-15745 Wildau, Germany. EM asta.richter@tfh-wildau.de RI Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.023 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900014 ER PT J AU Kaoumi, D Motta, AT Birtcher, RC AF Kaoumi, D. Motta, A. T. Birtcher, R. C. TI Influence of alloying elements on grain-growth in Zr(Fe) and Cu(Fe) thin-films under in situ ion-irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID ZR; DIFFUSION; ZIRCONIUM; IRON AB Thin-films of Zr(Fe) and Cu(Fe) were ion-irradiated in situ in a transmission electron microscope to study the influence of alloying elements on grain-growth. These two systems are different in that Zr-Fe has a negative heat of mixing and Cu-Fe a positive heat of mixing. Irradiations conducted at temperatures of 20-573 K showed precipitation in Zr(Fe) but not in Cu(Fe). The grain sizes increased monotonically with fluence and in both cases the pure metal exhibited more grain-growth than the alloy. A more drastic reduction of grain-growth rate was observed in Zr(Fe) (where precipitate drag occurred) than in Cu-Fe (where only solute drag was available). Zr(Fe) samples were also subjected to 1 MeV electron irradiation but no grain-growth was observed. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of grain-growth under irradiation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaoumi, D.; Motta, A. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Birtcher, R. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaoumi, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dxk909@psu.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.011 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900015 ER PT J AU Cockeram, BV Ohriner, EK Byun, TS Miller, MK Snead, LL AF Cockeram, B. V. Ohriner, E. K. Byun, T. S. Miller, M. K. Snead, L. L. TI Weldable ductile molybdenum alloy development SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; TITANIUM-0.1 PCT ZIRCONIUM; REFRACTORY-METAL ALLOYS; CARBON ARC CAST; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; BCC METALS; TSM-10; LCAC AB Molybdenum and its alloys are attractive structural materials for high-temperature applications. However, various practical issues have limited its use. One concern relates to the loss of ductility occurring in the heat-affected weld zone caused by segregation of oxygen to grain boundaries. In this study, a series of arc melted molybdenum alloys have been produced containing controlled additions of B, C, Zr, and Al. These alloys were characterized with respect to their tensile properties, smooth bend properties, and impact energy for both the base metal and welds. These alloys were compared with a very high purity low carbon arc cast molybdenum reference. For discussion purposes the alloys produced are separated into two categories: Mo-Al-B alloys, and Mo-Zr-B alloys. The properties of Mo-Zr-B alloy welds containing higher carbon levels exhibited slight improvement over unalloyed molybdenum, though the base-metal properties for all Mo-Zr-B alloys were somewhat inconsistent with properties better, or worse, than unalloyed molybdenum. A Mo-Al-B alloy exhibited the best DBTT values for welds, and the base metal properties were comparable to or slightly better than unalloyed molybdenum. The Mo-Al-B alloy contained a low volume fraction of second-phase particles, with segregation of boron and carbon to grain boundaries believed to displace oxygen resulting in improved weld properties. The volume fractions of second-phase particles are higher for the Mo-Zr-B alloys, and these alloys were prone to brittle fracture. It is also noted that these Mo-Zr-B alloys exhibited segregation of zirconium, boron and carbon to the grain boundaries. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cockeram, B. V.] Bechtel Bettis Atom Power Lab, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. [Ohriner, E. K.; Byun, T. S.; Miller, M. K.; Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cockeram, BV (reprint author), Bechtel Bettis Atom Power Lab, POB 79, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. EM cockeram@bettis.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 382 IS 2-3 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.021 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 385WI UT WOS:000261843900022 ER PT J AU Park, SR Leem, CS Roh, YS Choi, KJ Kim, JH Kim, BJ Koh, H Eisaki, H Lu, DH Shen, ZX Armitage, NP Kim, C AF Park, S. R. Leem, C. S. Roh, Y. S. Choi, K. J. Kim, J. H. Kim, B. J. Koh, H. Eisaki, H. Lu, D. H. Shen, Z. -X. Armitage, N. P. Kim, C. TI Rare earth ion effects on the pseudo-gap in electron-doped superconductors and possible nodeless d-wave gap SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Yamada Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHOTOEMISSION AB We report angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) studies on electron-doped cuprate superconductor SM(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4) (x = 0.14 and 0.18). A wide energy range scan shows clear "waterfall" effect at an energy scale close to 500 meV which is consistent with the value found in Nd(2-)xCe(x)CuO(4) (NCCO) but larger than that from hole-doped Superconductors. High resolution results from both dopings show pseudo-gap effects that were observed in NCCO. However, the effects are found to be stronger than that observed in optimally doped NCCO. The overall electronic structure is well understood within a simple model in which a root 2 x root 2 static order is assumed. Both ARPES and optical measurements give the coupling strengths to the Q = (pi/2, pi/2) (due to the root 2 x root 2 order) to be about 0.1 eV, compatible with each other. The effect is strong enough to push the band near the nodal region below the Fermi energy, resulting in possible nodeless d-wave superconductivity where zero energy quasi-particle excitation is inhibited. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, S. R.; Leem, C. S.; Roh, Y. S.; Choi, K. J.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, C.] Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, B. J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, B. J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Koh, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisaki, H.] Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lu, D. H.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Appl Phys & Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM cykim@phya.yonsei.ac.kr NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 BP 2939 EP 2943 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.116 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 387SF UT WOS:000261971200005 ER PT J AU Grigorenko, I Fujita, K Lee, J Wang, M Davis, JC Eisaki, H Uchida, S Balatsky, AV AF Grigorenko, Ilya Fujita, K. Lee, J. Wang, M. Davis, J. C. Eisaki, H. Uchida, S. Balatsky, Alexander V. TI Bogoliubov angle and visualization of particle-hole mixture in superconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Yamada Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn DE Superconductors; Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM); Defects ID MAGNETIC-IMPURITIES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATIONS; SPECTRUM; STATES; WAVES AB Superconducting excitations-Bogoliubov quasiparticles-are the quantum mechanical mixture of negatively charged electron (-e) and positively charged hole (+e). Depending on the applied voltage bias in scanning tunneling microscope (STM) one can sample the particle and hole content of such a superconducting excitation. Recent STM experiments offer a unique insight into the inner workings of the superconducting state of superconductors. We propose a new observable quantity for STM studies that is the manifestation of the particle-hole dualism of the quasiparticles. We call it a Bogoliubov angle. This angle measures the relative weight of particle and hole amplitude in the superconducting (Bogoliubov) quasiparticle. We propose that this quantity can be measured locally by comparing the ratio of tunneling currents at positive and negative biases locally. This Bogoliubov angle allows one to measure directly the energy and position dependent particle-hole admixture and therefore visualize robustness of superconducting state locally. It may also allow one to measure the particle-hole admixture of excitations in normal state above critical temperature and thus may be used to measure superconducting correlations in pseudogap state. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grigorenko, Ilya; Balatsky, Alexander V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Theoret Div T 11, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fujita, K.; Lee, J.; Wang, M.; Davis, J. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Davis, J. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Eisaki, H.] AIST, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba 3058568, Japan. [Uchida, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Theoret Div T 11, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM avb@lanl.gov RI Grigorenko, Ilya/B-5616-2009 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3000 EP 3005 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.052 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 387SF UT WOS:000261971200020 ER PT J AU Gomes, KK Pasupathy, AN Pushp, A Parker, C Ono, S Ando, Y Gu, G Yazdani, A AF Gomes, Kenjiro K. Pasupathy, Abhay N. Pushp, Aakash Parker, Colin Ono, Shimpei Ando, Yoichi Gu, Genda Yazdani, Ali TI Mapping of the formation of the pairing gap in Bi2Sr2Ca2CuO8+delta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Yamada Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn DE Scanning tunneling microscopy; Superconductivity ID C SUPERCONDUCTOR BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-SCALE; PSEUDOGAP; STATE; EXCITATIONS; COHERENCE AB High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to study the formation of Cooper pairs in the cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. We measured the evolution of the tunneling gap as function of temperature (from 20 to 180 K) and doping (x = 0.12-0.22). Real space mapping of the density of states establish that the tunneling gap observed below the transition temperature (T-c) vanish inhomogenously in space, leading to the formation of a unique intermediate state, where nanoscale regions of pairing are present. Despite the inhomogeneity, we find that locally the gap spectrum evolves smoothly across T-c and, over a wide range of doping (x >= 0.16), the energy gap triangle vanishes at a temperature T-p, following a local criterion 2 triangle/k(B)T(p) = 7.9 +/- 0.5. Our observations suggest that at least in optimally doped and overdoped samples, all our measurements can be described with one single energy scale and that the gap measured above and below T-c must have the same origin. In the underdoped regime, this simple description fails to capture the temperature evolution of the local electronic states, indicating the presence of an additional phenomenon. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gomes, Kenjiro K.; Pasupathy, Abhay N.; Pushp, Aakash; Parker, Colin; Yazdani, Ali] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ono, Shimpei; Ando, Yoichi] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. [Ando, Yoichi] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Gu, Genda] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yazdani, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yazdani@princeton.edu RI Pushp, Aakash/G-6626-2011; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 SI SI BP 3034 EP 3038 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.136 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 387SF UT WOS:000261971200028 ER PT J AU Dong, J Wu, D Luo, JL Li, ME Luo, XG Chen, XH Jin, R Mandrus, D Wang, NL AF Dong, J. Wu, D. Luo, J. L. Li, M. E. Luo, X. G. Chen, X. H. Jin, R. Mandrus, D. Wang, N. L. TI Charge dynamics and optical properties of layered cobaltates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Yamada Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn DE Electronic materials; Infrared spectroscopy; Optical property ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; REFLECTIVITY; NAXCOO2; SR AB We study the charge dynamics and electronic structure by optical spectroscopy technique. Here we focus on the following four issues: (1) the evolution of optical spectra with Na content: (2) the spectral features specific to different regions in the phase diagram; (3) the c-axis optical response for crystal at the A-type antiferromagnetic region; (4) the optical response of misfit-layered Bi(2)M(2)Co(2)O(y) (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) and Ca(3)Co(4)O(y) single crystals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, J.; Wu, D.; Luo, J. L.; Li, M. E.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Li, M. E.; Luo, X. G.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Jin, R.; Mandrus, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, NL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM nlwang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3052 EP 3057 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.115 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 387SF UT WOS:000261971200033 ER PT J AU Dai, PC Wilson, SD Li, SL Wen, HH AF Dai, Pengcheng Wilson, Stephen D. Li, Shiliang Wen, Hai-Hu TI Nature of the quantum spin correlations through the superconducting-normal phase transition in electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Yamada Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn DE Oxides; Superconductors; Neutron scattering; Specific heat ID TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; RESONANCE AB We use neutron scattering and specific heat measurements to relate the response of the spin fluctuations and static anti ferromagnetic (AF) order to the superconductivity in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor, Pr.88LaCe.12CuO4-delta (PLCCO) (T-c = 24 K), as the system is tuned via a magnetic field applied beyond the upper critical field (H-c2) and driven into the normal state. The strength of the collective magnetic excitation commonly termed "resonance" decreases smoothly with increasing field and vanishes in the normal state, paralleling the behavior of the superconducting condensation energy. The suppression of superconductivity is accompanied by a smooth reduction in the very low energy spin fluctuations, and the concomitant emergence of static AF order. Our results suggest an intimate connection between the resonance and the superconducting condensation energy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dai, Pengcheng; Wilson, Stephen D.; Li, Shiliang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wen, Hai-Hu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov; sdwilson@lbl.gov; slli@utk.edu; hhwen@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 SI SI BP 3096 EP 3099 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.111 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 387SF UT WOS:000261971200043 ER PT J AU Wray, L Qian, D Hsieh, D Xia, Y Gog, T Casa, D Eisaki, H Hasan, MZ AF Wray, L. Qian, D. Hsieh, D. Xia, Y. Gog, T. Casa, D. Eisaki, H. Hasan, M. Z. TI Intermediate dimensional character of charge transfer excitation modes in a two-leg cuprate ladder SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Yamada Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn DE Oxides; Electrical properties; Electronic structure ID SR14CU24O41 AB Collective charge modes in the cuprate ladder compound Sr(14)Cu(24)O(41) are studied over the one-dimensional Brillouin zone using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Low energy (2-4eV) spectral weight across the Mott gap is dominated by a broad, dispersive feature containing two distinct peaks that may be interpreted as independent modes. Details of low energy dispersion, intensity distribution across the Brillouin zone and peak composition fall between the characteristic spectra of quasi-ID (e.g. SrCuO(2)) and -2D cuprates (e.g. Nd(2)CuO(4)). We demonstrate that dispersion and splitting between the two observed modes can be understood in a variant of the strong coupling limit (Hubbard-U >> t) with a single band Hubbard model. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wray, L.; Qian, D.; Hsieh, D.; Xia, Y.; Hasan, M. Z.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gog, T.; Casa, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CMC XOR, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Eisaki, H.] AIST, NeRl, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Wray, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lwray@princeton.edu RI HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012; Qian, Dong/O-1028-2015; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 BP 3146 EP 3148 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.112 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 387SF UT WOS:000261971200055 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Colgan, J AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Colgan, J. TI Energy and angle differential cross sections for the electron-impact double ionization of helium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE PHOTOIONIZATION; LITHIUM AB Energy and angle differential cross sections for the electron-impact double ionization of helium are calculated using a non-perturbative time-dependent close-coupling method. Collision probabilities are found by the projection of a time-evolved nine-dimensional coordinate space wavefunction onto fully antisymmetric products of spatial and spin functions representing three outgoing Coulomb waves. At an incident energy of 106 eV, we present double energy differential cross sections and pentuple energy and angle differential cross sections. The pentuple energy and angle differential cross sections are found to be in reasonable agreement with the scaled shapes observed in recent (e, 3e) reaction microscope experiments. Integration of the differential cross sections over all energies and angles yields a total ionization cross section that is also in reasonable agreement with absolute crossed-beams experiments. C1 [Pindzola, M. S.; Robicheaux, F.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Colgan, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU US Department of Energy to Auburn University; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We would like to thank Alexander Dorn of the MPI in Heidelberg, Germany, for a very useful correspondence. This work was supported in part by grants from the US Department of Energy to Auburn University and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Computational work was carried out at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in Oakland, California and at the National Center for Computational Sciences in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 IS 23 AR 235202 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/41/23/235202 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 378IL UT WOS:000261314300006 ER PT J AU Cayan, FN Zhi, MJ Pakalapati, SR Celik, I Wu, NQ Gemmen, R AF Cayan, Fatma Nihan Zhi, Mingjia Pakalapati, Suryanarayana Raju Celik, Ismail Wu, Nianqiang Gemmen, Randall TI Effects of coal syngas impurities on anodes of solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Review DE Solid oxide fuel cell; Coal syngas; Impurities; Review ID TEMPERATURE H2S REMOVAL; CONTAINING GAS-MIXTURES; OPERATIONAL TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; SOFC; SYSTEM; GASIFICATION; TESTS; ZNO AB A literature review is conducted to summarize the studies oil the identification of impurities in coal syngas and their effects on the performance of Ni-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) anode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Coal syngas typically contains major species, CO, H(2), CO(2), H(2)O, CH(4), N(2), and H(2)S as well as trace impurities. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations have indicated that trace impurities species such as Be, Cr, K, Na, and V in the coal syngas form condensed phases under warm gas cleanup conditions and can be effectively removed by the cleanup processes. For meaningful data comparison, a practical parameter is formulated to quantify the level of degradation normalized with respect to the relevant experimental parameters. Experimental results show that the existence of Hg, Si, Zn and NH(3) in the coal syngas does not significantly affect the performance of the Ni-YSZ anode. The presence of Cd and Se in the syngas impacts the SOFC anode performance to some extent. impurity species such as Cl, Sb, As, and P cause severe cell voltage degradation clue to attack oil the Ni-YSZ anode. Sb, As and P have the potential to react with Ni to form secondary phases in the Ni-YSZ anode, which deteriorate the catalytic activity of the anode. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cayan, Fatma Nihan; Zhi, Mingjia; Pakalapati, Suryanarayana Raju; Celik, Ismail; Wu, Nianqiang] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Gemmen, Randall] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Cayan, FN (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 6106, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM fcayan@mix.wvu.edu RI Zhi, Mingjia/A-6866-2010; Wu, Nianqiang/B-9798-2015; Pakalapati, Suryanarayana/M-7616-2016 OI Zhi, Mingjia/0000-0002-4291-0809; Wu, Nianqiang/0000-0002-8888-2444; FU US DOE (Department of Energy) EPSCoR [DE-FG02-06ER46299] FX This work is conducted under US DOE (Department of Energy) EPSCoR Program. It is jointly sponsored by US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory), WV State EPSCoR Office and the West Virginia University under grant number DE-FG02-06ER46299. Dr. Tim Fitzsimmons is the DOE Technical Monitor. Dr. R. Bajura is the Administrative Manager and Dr. I. Celik is the Technical Manager and Principal Investigator of this project. We also wish to thank Prof. Harry O. Finklea for his helpful comments. NR 34 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 185 IS 2 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.058 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 384MM UT WOS:000261748900001 ER PT J AU Ominde, N Bartlett, N Yang, XQ Qu, DY AF Ominde, Narah Bartlett, Nick Yang, Xiao-Qing Qu, Deyang TI The effect of oxygen reduction on activated carbon electrodes loaded with manganese dioxide catalyst SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Design-of-experiment; Oxygen reduction; Gas-diffusion electrode; Manganese oxide catalyst; Catalytic activity ID ALKALINE-SOLUTION; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; AIR ELECTRODE; OXIDES; MECHANISM; CATHODE AB The statistical design-of-experiment method was used to identify the significant factors for making a manganese oxide-loaded activated carbon matrix. The carbon matrixes, which were made by reacting KMnO4 with carbon material, were tested as gas-diffusion electrodes for oxygen reduction. Three factors-KMnO4 concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction duration were tested in a two-level full-factorial design-of-experiment. The modification of carbon morphology and its effect on the performance of oxygen reduction are discussed. Temperature, KMnO4 concentration, and the interaction between temperature and reaction time were found to have a significant influence on the catalytic activity of the manganese oxide-loaded carbon electrode. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ominde, Narah; Bartlett, Nick; Qu, Deyang] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qu, DY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM deyang.qu@umb.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886]; UMB FX The work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under the program of "Hybrid and Electric Systems," of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DEAC02-98CH10886. The work at UMB was also partially supported through UMB faculty start-up grant. Both financial supports are gratefully acknowledged. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 185 IS 2 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.07.065 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 384MM UT WOS:000261748900022 ER PT J AU Liu, B Kim, YS Hu, W Robertson, GP Pivovar, BS Guiver, MD AF Liu, Baijun Kim, Yu Seung Hu, Wei Robertson, Gilles P. Pivovar, Bryan S. Guiver, Michael D. TI Homopolymer-like sulfonated phenyl- and diphenyl-poly(arylene ether ketone)s for fuel cell applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Proton exchange membrane; Fuel cell; Single cell performance ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; PERFORMANCE; COPOLYMERS AB Two series of homopolymer-like sulfonated aromatic poly(ether ketone)s (SPEKs) were readily prepared and post-sulfonated using mild conditions. The homopolymer-like SPEKs exhibited advantages in synthesis and physical properties over typical post-sulfonated random copolymers, such as rapid and mild sulfonation conditions, high molecular weights, site specificity and control over IEC, as well as an excellent combination of dimensional swelling stability, low methanol permeability and high proton conductivity. These beneficial membrane properties are reflected in the attractive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance of these homopolymer-like SPEKs as compared with typical random copolymer SPEKs. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Baijun; Robertson, Gilles P.; Guiver, Michael D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Kim, Yu Seung; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liu, Baijun; Hu, Wei] Jilin Univ, Alan G MacDiarmid Inst, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. RP Guiver, MD (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM michael.guiver@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Liu, Brian/A-5069-2013; Guiver, Michael/I-3248-2016 OI Guiver, Michael/0000-0003-2619-6809 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies FX The work conducted at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 185 IS 2 BP 899 EP 903 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.08.088 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 384MM UT WOS:000261748900046 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW Singh, P AF Chou, Yeong-Shyung Stevenson, Jeffry W. Singh, Prabhakar TI Effect of aluminizing of Cr-containing ferritic alloys on the seal strength of a novel high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell sealing glass SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Seal strength; Sealing glass; Interface; Aluminization; SOFC ID COMPRESSIVE MICA SEALS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; CERAMIC SEALANTS; STEELS; INTERCONNECT; COATINGS; SYSTEM; ANODE; STACK AB A novel high-temperature alkaline earth silicate sealing glass was developed for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The glass was used to join two metallic coupons of Cr-containing ferritic stainless steel for seal strength evaluation. In previous work, SrCrO(4) was found to form along the glass/steel interface, which led to severe strength degradation. In the present study. aluminization of the steel surface was investigated as a remedy to minimize or prevent the strontium chromate formation. Three different processes for aluminization were evaluated with Crofer22APU stainless steel: pack cementation, vapor-phase deposition. and aerosol spraying. It was found that pack cementation resulted in a rough surface with occasional cracks in the Al-diffused region. Vapor-phase deposition yielded a smoother surface, but the resulting high Al content increased the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), resulting in the failure of joined coupons. Aerosol spraying of an Al-containing salt resulted in the formation of a thin aluminum oxide layer without any surface damage. The room temperature seal strength was evaluated in the as-fired state and in environmentally aged conditions. In contrast to earlier results with uncoated Crofer22APU, the aluminized samples showed no strength degradation even for samples aged in air. Interfacial and chemical compatibility was also investigated. The results showed aluminization to be a viable candidate approach to minimize undesirable chromate formation between alkaline earth silicate sealing glass and Cr-containing interconnect alloys for SOFC applications. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chou, Yeong-Shyung; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Singh, Prabhakar] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Mat Dept, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Mat Dept, K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yeong-shyung.chou@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 FU US Department of Energy's Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA); Core Technology Program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank S. Carlson for SEM sample preparation, and J. Coleman for SEM analysis. Charles Berger of Hitemco, Inc. provided experimental details regarding the pack cementation and vapor-phase aluminization processes. This work summarized in this paper was funded by the US Department of Energy's Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Core Technology Program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 185 IS 2 BP 1001 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.09.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 384MM UT WOS:000261748900063 ER PT J AU Liu, WN Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Liu, Wenning Sun, Xin Khaleel, Mohammad A. TI Predicting Young's modulus of glass/ceramic sealant for solid oxide fuel cell considering the combined effects of aging, micro-voids and self-healing SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Temperature-dependent modulus; Aging; Micro-damage; Self-healing; Glass/ceramic sealant; SOFC ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOFC; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; BARIUM; MODEL AB We Study the temperature dependent Young's modulus for the glass/ceramic seal material used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). With longer heat treatment or aging time during operation, further devitrification may reduce the residual glass content in the seal material while boosting the ceramic crystalline content. In the meantime, micro-voids induced by the cooling process from the high operating temperature to room temperature can potentially degrade the mechanical properties of the glass/ceramic sealant. Upon reheating to the SOFC operating temperature, possible self-healing phenomenon may occur in the glass/ceramic sealant which can potentially restore some of its mechanical properties. A phenomenological model is developed to model the temperature dependent Young's modulus of glass/ceramic seal considering the combined effects of aging, micro-voids, and possible self-healing. An aging time-dependent crystalline content model is first developed to describe the increase of the crystalline content due to the continuing devitrification under high operating temperature. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model is then adapted to model the effects of both cooling induced micro-voids and reheating induced self-healing. This model is applied to model the glass-ceramic G18, a candidate SOFC seal material previously developed at PNNL Experimentally determined temperature-dependent Young's modulus is used to validate the model predictions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Wenning; Sun, Xin; Khaleel, Mohammad A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, WN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wenning.liu@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) FX The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. The work was funded as part of the Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Core Technology Program by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). NR 44 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 185 IS 2 BP 1193 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.07.017 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 384MM UT WOS:000261748900087 ER PT J AU Brown, S Ogawa, K Kumeuchi, Y Enomoto, S Uno, M Saito, H Sone, Y Abraham, D Lindbergh, G AF Brown, Shelley Ogawa, Keita Kumeuchi, Youichi Enomoto, Shinsuke Uno, Masatoshi Saito, Hirobumi Sone, Yoshitsugu Abraham, Daniel Lindbergh, Goeran TI Cycle life evaluation of 3 Ah Li(x)Mn(2)O(4)-based lithium-ion secondary cells for low-earth-orbit satellites I. Full cell results SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion; LEO satellite; Ageing ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; OPERATION; BATTERIES; AEROSPACE; SPINELS AB Lithium-ion batteries are a candidate for the energy storage system onboard low-earth-orbit satellites. Cycle life performance under both orbital and terrestrial conditions must be investigated in order to evaluate any inadvertent effects due to the former and the validity of the latter, with a successful comparison allowing for the extension of terrestrial experimental matrices in order to identify the effects of ageing. The orbital Performance of Li(x)Mn(2)O(4)-based pouch cells onboard the microsatellite REIMEI was monitored and compared with terrestrial experiments, with the cells found to be unaffected by orbital conditions. A lifetime matrix of different cycling depths-of-discharge (DODs: 0,20,40%) and temperatures (25, 45 degrees C) was undertaken with periodic reference performance tests. A decrease in both the cell end of-discharge cycling voltage and capacity was accelerated by both higher temperatures and larger DODs. Impedance spectra measured for all ageing conditions indicated that the increase was small, manifested in a state-of-charge dependent increase of the high-frequency semi-circle and a noticeable increase in the high-frequency real axis intercept. An evaluation of the change of both the resistance and capacity of 3 Ah cells led to the development of a potential prognostic state-of-health indicator. The use of elevated temperatures to accelerate cell ageing was validated. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Shelley; Lindbergh, Goeran] Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn & Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ogawa, Keita] Adv Engn Serv Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050032, Japan. [Kumeuchi, Youichi; Enomoto, Shinsuke] NEC Tokin Corp, Kanagawa 2291198, Japan. [Uno, Masatoshi; Saito, Hirobumi; Sone, Yoshitsugu] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Abraham, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn & Technol, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM shelleyb@kth.se OI Lindbergh, Goran/0000-0003-2026-5658 FU Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency FX Financial support from the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA; Green Car Project) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is gratefully acknowledged. Shelley Brown would like to thank Yoshitsugu Sone, Keita Ogawa and Masatoshi Uno for providing the resources and support necessary to undertake the lifetime work at JAXA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 185 IS 2 BP 1444 EP 1453 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.07.070 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 384MM UT WOS:000261748900125 ER PT J AU Brown, S Ogawa, K Kumeuchi, Y Enomoto, S Uno, M Saito, H Sone, Y Abraham, D Lindbergh, G AF Brown, Shelley Ogawa, Keita Kumeuchi, Youichi Enomoto, Shinsuke Uno, Masatoshi Saito, Hirobumi Sone, Yoshitsugu Abraham, Daniel Lindbergh, Goran TI Cycle life evaluation of 3 Ah LixMn2O4-based lithium-ion secondary cells for low-earth-orbit satellites II. Harvested electrode examination SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion; LEO satellite; Ageing; Porous electrode; Impedance; Three-electrode measurement ID SPINEL ELECTRODES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; MANGANESE SPINELS; CAPACITY LOSS; POSITIVE ELECTRODE; CATHODE PARTICLES; POROUS-ELECTRODES; LIMN2O4 CATHODES; BATTERIES; IMPEDANCE AB Lithium-ion batteries area candidate for the energy storage system onboard low-earth-orbit satellites. Terrestrial experiments are able to capture the performance degradation of cells in orbit, therefore providing the opportunity for lifetime investigations. The lifetime performance of 3 Ah commercial LixMn2O4-based pouch cells was evaluated in a matrix of different cycling depths-of-discharge (DODs: 0, 20,40%) and temperatures (25, 45 degrees C). Aged cells were disassembled and the electrochemical performance of harvested electrodes investigated with two- and three-electrode pouch cells. The positive electrode had a larger decrease in capacity than the negative electrode. Both the positive and negative electrode contributed to the increase of cell impedance measured at high states-of-charge (SOCs). The data at low SOCs indicated that the increase of cell impedance was associated with the positive electrode, which showed a significant increase in the magnitude of the high-frequency semi-circle. This SOC-dependence was observed for cells cycled for either extended periods of time or at higher temperatures with a 40% DOD swing. Low-current cycling of positive electrodes revealed a change in the second potential plateau, possibly reflecting a structural change of the LixMn2O4. This could impact on the electrode kinetics and provide a possible explanation for the SOC-dependent change of the impedance. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Shelley; Lindbergh, Goran] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ogawa, Keita] Adv Engn Serv Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050032, Japan. [Kumeuchi, Youichi; Enomoto, Shinsuke] NEC Tokin Corp, Kanagawa 2291198, Japan. [Uno, Masatoshi; Saito, Hirobumi; Sone, Yoshitsugu] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Abraham, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM shelleyb@kth.se OI Lindbergh, Goran/0000-0003-2026-5658 FU Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) FX Financial support from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is gratefully acknowledged. Shelley Brown would like to thank Yoshitsugu Sone, Keita Ogawa and Masatoshi Uno for providing the resources and support necessary to undertake the lifetime work at JAXA. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 185 IS 2 BP 1454 EP 1464 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.07.071 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 384MM UT WOS:000261748900126 ER PT J AU Tsibakhashvili, N Kalabegishvili, T Mosulishvili, L Kirkesali, E Kerkenjia, S Murusidze, I Holman, H Frontasyeva, M Gundorina, S AF Tsibakhashvili, N. Kalabegishvili, T. Mosulishvili, L. Kirkesali, E. Kerkenjia, S. Murusidze, I. Holman, H. -Y. Frontasyeva, M. V. Gundorina, S. F. TI Biotechnology of Cr(VI) transformation into Cr(III) complexes SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; BASALT-INHABITING BACTERIA; ARTHROBACTER-OXYDANS; CHROMIUM; REDUCTION; METALS; RESISTANT; SOILS AB The dose-dependent formation of Cr(III) complexes and uptake of chromium by Arthrobacter oxydans - a Gram-positive bacterium from contaminated Columbian basalt rocks (USA) - were studied along with the testing under aerobic conditions of two bacterial strains of Arthrobacter genera isolated from the polluted basalts from the Republic of Georgia. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to track the accumulation of chromium in the bacterial cells. To monitor and identify Cr(III) complexes in these bacteria, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry was employed. C1 [Tsibakhashvili, N.; Kerkenjia, S.; Murusidze, I.] Chavchavadze State Univ, GE-0178 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Tsibakhashvili, N.; Kalabegishvili, T.; Mosulishvili, L.; Kirkesali, E.] Andronikashvili Inst Phys, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Holman, H. -Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frontasyeva, M. V.; Gundorina, S. F.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Tsibakhashvili, N (reprint author), Chavchavadze State Univ, 32 Chavchavadze Ave, GE-0178 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM ntsiba@gol.ge RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 278 IS 3 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-1006-y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377PG UT WOS:000261262500006 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Overloaded elution band profiles of ionizable compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: Influence of the competition between the neutral and the ionic species SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Acids and bases compounds; Column heterogeneity; Competitive adsorption isotherms; C(18) RP columns; Nonlinear chromatography ID MASS-TRANSFER KINETICS; ORGANIC-SOLVENT MODIFIER; STRONGLY BASIC COMPOUNDS; ADSORPTION MECHANISM; MOBILE-PHASE; NONLINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; LINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; PEAK SHAPE; RETENTION; PERFORMANCE AB The parameters that affect the shape of the band profiles of acido-basic compounds under moderately overloaded conditions (sample size less than 500 nmol for a conventional column) in RPLC are discussed. Only analytes that have a single pK(a) are considered. In the buffer mobile phase used for their elution, their dissociation may, under certain conditions, cause a significant pH perturbation during the passage of the band. Two consecutive injections (3.3 and 10 mu L) of each one of three sample solutions (0.5, 5, and 50 mM) of ten compounds were injected on five C(18)-bonded packing materials, including the 5 mu m Xterra-C(18) (121 angstrom), 5 mu m Gemini-C(18) (110 angstrom), 5 mu m Luna-C(18)(2) (93 angstrom), 3.5 mu m Extend-C(18) (80 angstrom), and 2.7 mu m Halo-C(18) (90 angstrom). The mobile phase was an aqueous solution of methanol buffered at a constant (w)(W)pH of 6, with a phosphate buffer. The total concentration of the phosphate groups was constant at: 50 mM. The methanol concentration was adjusted to keep all the retention factors between 1 and 10. The compounds injected were phenol, caffeine, 3-phenyl 1-propanol, 2-phenyl butyric acid, amphetamine, aniline, benzylamine, p-toluidine, procainamidium chloride, and propranololium chloride. Depending on the relative values of the analyte pK(a) and the buffer solution pH, these analytes elute as the neutral, the cationic, or the anionic species. The influence of structural parameters such as the charge, the size, and the hydrophobicity of the analytes on the shape of its overloaded band profile is discussed. Simple but general rules predict these shapes. An original adsorption model is proposed that accounts for the unusual peak shapes observed when the analyte is partially dissociated in the buffer Solution during its elution. C1 [Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gritti, Fabrice] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM guiochon@ion.chem.utk.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE06-08659]; US Department of Energy [DF-FG05-88-ER-13869]; University of Tennessee; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by grant CHE06-08659 of the National Science Foundation, by Grant DF-FG05-88-ER-13869 of the US Department of Energy, and by the cooperative agreement between the University of Tennessee and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 21 BP 3657 EP 3682 DI 10.1002/jssc.200800472 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 384GB UT WOS:000261732200002 PM 19003808 ER PT J AU Leaf, RT Andrews, AH Cailliet, GM Brown, TA AF Leaf, Robert T. Andrews, Allen H. Cailliet, Gregor M. Brown, Thomas A. TI THE FEASIBILITY OF BOMB RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS TO SUPPORT AN AGE-AT-LENGTH RELATIONSHIP FOR RED ABALONE, HALIOTIS RUFESCENS SWAINSON IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accelerator mass spectrometry; carbon-14; von Bertalanffy growth function; Haliotidae ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GROWTH; SHELL; C-14; OTOLITHS; GASTROPODA; RATES; MATURITY; MOLLUSCA; RECORD AB Analysis of bomb generated radiocarbon ((14)C) changes in a red abalone, Haliotis rufescens Swainson shell was used to evaluate age-at-length relationships derived from data from a previous multilayer, multisite tag-recapture study. Shell carbonate was extracted from four successive growth trajectory locations in a single shell with a maximum shell length of 251 mm. Extraction locations were based on Von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) predictions and chosen to span the initial rise of the (14)C-bomb pulse that is known to have occurred in surface ocean waters during 1958 +/- 1 y in the northeast Pacific. The close temporal correspondence of the red abalone sample series to regional Delta(14)C records demonstrated the utility of the technique for validating age-at-length relationships for the red abalone. The findings provided support for a mean VBGF derived age of 32 y (range 30-33 y) for the specimen; however, the analysis of (14)C data indicated that the specimen could be older. C1 [Leaf, Robert T.; Andrews, Allen H.; Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Brown, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leaf, RT (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 101B Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rleaf@vt.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU Marine Biology Trust of Pebble Beach, California; United States Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Under NOAA [NA06RG0142, R/F-190]; California Sea Grant College; California State Resources Agency; Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The authors thank D. Ardizzone and L, Kerr for assistance in Sample preparation and D. Shoemake For providing the red abalone specimen used in this study. This, work was supported by the Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust of Pebble Beach, California. the National Sea Grant College Program of the United States Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Under NOAA Grant number NA06RG0142, project number R/F-190. through the California Sea Grant College Program and in part by the California State Resources Agency. This research was also supported by the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Under the University Collaborative Research Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and was performed, in part, Under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of any of those organizations. The United States government is authorized to reproduce and distribute for governmental purposes. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.2983/0730-8000-27.5.1177 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 383ZE UT WOS:000261712200014 ER PT J AU Rai, D Yui, M Moore, DA Lumetta, GJ Rosso, KM Xia, YX Felmy, AR Skomurski, FN AF Rai, Dhanpat Yui, Mikazu Moore, Dean A. Lumetta, Gregg J. Rosso, Kevin M. Xia, Yuanxian Felmy, Andrew R. Skomurski, Frances N. TI Thermodynamic Model for ThO2(am) Solubility in Alkaline Silica Solutions SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Solubility; Thermodynamics; ThO2(am); Silica; Thorium silicate complexes; Complexation constants; Thorium ID HIGH-IONIC-STRENGTH; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; HYDROUS OXIDE; AB-INITIO; THORIUM; COMPLEXES; CONSTANTS; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS AB No thermodynamic data for Th complexes with aqueous Si are available. To obtain such data, extensive studies on ThO2(am) solubility were carried out as functions of: ( 1) a wide range of aqueous silica concentrations ( 0.0004 to 0.14 mol.L-1) at fixed pH values of about 10, 11, 12, and 13; and ( 2) and variable pH ( ranging from 10 to 13.3) at fixed aqueous Si concentrations of about 0.006 mol.L-1 or 0.018 mol.L-1. The samples were equilibrated over long periods ( ranging up to 487 days), and the data showed that steady-state concentrations were reached in < 29 days. X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and Raman analyses of the equilibrated solid phases showed that the Th solids were amorphous ThO2(am) containing some adsorbed Si. The solubility of ThO2(am) at pH values ranging from 10 to 13.3 at fixed 0.018 mol.L-1 aqueous Si concentrations decreases rapidly with an increase in pH, and increases dramatically with an increase in Si concentrations beyond about 0.003 mol.L-1 at fixed pH values > 10. The data were interpreted using both the Pitzer and SIT models, and required only the inclusion of one mixed-hydroxy-silica complex of Th [Th( OH)(3)(H3SiO4)(3)(2-)]. Both models provided similar complexation constant values for the formation of this species. Density functional theory calculations predict complexes of this stoichiometry, having six-fold coordination of the Th cation, to be structurally stable. Predictions based on the fitted value of log(10)K(0) = -18.5 +/- 0.7 for the ThO2(am) solubility reaction involving Th(OH)(3)(H3SiO4)(3)(2-)[ThO2(am) + 3H(4)SiO(4) + H2O reversible arrow Th(OH)(3)(H3SiO4)(3)(2-) + 2H(+)], along with the thermodynamic data for aqueous Si species reported in the literature, agreed closely with the extensive experimental data and showed that under alkaline conditions aqueous Si makes very strong complexes with Th. C1 [Rai, Dhanpat] Rai Envirochem LLC, Yachats, OR USA. [Yui, Mikazu] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. [Moore, Dean A.; Lumetta, Gregg J.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Xia, Yuanxian; Felmy, Andrew R.; Skomurski, Frances N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Rai Envirochem LLC, Yachats, OR USA. EM dhan.rai@raienvirochem.com NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1725 EP 1746 DI 10.1007/s10953-008-9344-5 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 366VF UT WOS:000260510800007 ER PT J AU Chernyak, VY Chertkov, M AF Chernyak, Vladimir Y. Chertkov, Michael TI Fermions and loops on graphs: II. A monomer-dimer model as a series of determinants SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE rigorous results in statistical mechanics; message-passing algorithms; gauge theories ID SPIN STRUCTURES; SURFACE GRAPHS; ISING-MODEL AB We continue the discussion of the fermion models on graphs that started in the first paper of the series. Here we introduce a graphical gauge model (GGM) and show that: (a) it can be stated as an average/sum of a determinant defined on the graph over a Z(2) (binary) gauge field; (b) it is equivalent to the monomer-dimer (MD) model on the graph; (c) the partition function of the model allows an explicit expression in terms of a series over disjoint directed cycles, where each term is a product of local contributions along the cycle and the determinant of a matrix defined on the remainder of the graph (excluding the cycle). We also establish a relation between the MD model on the graph and the determinant series, discussed in the first paper-however, considered using simple non-belief propagation choice of the gauge. We conclude with a discussion of possible analytic and algorithmic consequences of these results, as well as related questions and challenges. C1 [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.; Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.; Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chernyak, VY (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM chernyak@chem.wayne.edu; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD DEC PY 2008 AR P12012 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2008/12/P12012 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 392ZF UT WOS:000262340000012 ER PT J AU Chernyak, VY Chertkov, M AF Chernyak, Vladimir Y. Chertkov, Michael TI Fermions and loops on graphs: I. Loop calculus for determinants SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE rigorous results in statistical mechanics; message-passing algorithms; gauge theories ID BELIEF PROPAGATION; ALGORITHMS; MODELS AB This paper is the first in a series devoted to evaluation of the partition function in statistical models on graphs with loops in terms of the Berezin/fermion integrals. The paper focuses on a representation of the determinant of a square matrix in terms of a finite series, where each term corresponds to a loop on the graph. The representation is based on a fermion version of the loop calculus, previously introduced by the authors for graphical models with finite alphabets. Our construction contains two levels. First, we represent the determinant in terms of an integral over anti-commuting Grassmann variables, with some reparametrization/gauge freedom hidden in the formulation. Second, we show that a special choice of the gauge, called the BP (Bethe-Peierls or belief propagation) gauge, yields the desired loop representation. The set of gauge. xing BP conditions is equivalent to the Gaussian BP equations, discussed in the past as efficient (linear scaling) heuristics for estimating the covariance of a sparse positive matrix. C1 [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.; Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.; Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chernyak, VY (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM chernyak@chem.wayne.edu; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD DEC PY 2008 AR P12011 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2008/12/P12011 PG 17 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 392ZF UT WOS:000262340000011 ER PT J AU Zdeborova, L Mezard, M AF Zdeborova, Lenka Mezard, Marc TI Constraint satisfaction problems with isolated solutions are hard SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE analysis of algorithms; message-passing algorithms; random graphs; networks; typical-case computational complexity ID RANDOM SATISFIABILITY PROBLEMS; GLASS; RECONSTRUCTION; TREES; PHASE; TRANSITION; GRAPHS; MODELS; SAT AB We study the phase diagram and the algorithmic hardness of the random 'locked' constraint satisfaction problems, and compare them to the commonly studied 'non-locked' problems like satisfiability of Boolean formulae or graph coloring. The special property of the locked problems is that clusters of solutions are isolated points. This simplifies significantly the determination of the phase diagram, which makes the locked problems particularly appealing from the mathematical point of view. On the other hand, we show empirically that the clustered phase of these problems is extremely hard from the algorithmic point of view: the best known algorithms all fail to find solutions. Our results suggest that the easy/hard transition (for currently known algorithms) in the locked problems coincides with the clustering transition. These should thus be regarded as new benchmarks of really hard constraint satisfaction problems. C1 [Zdeborova, Lenka; Mezard, Marc] Univ Paris 11, LPTMS, UMR8626, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Zdeborova, Lenka] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zdeborova, Lenka] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zdeborova, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, LPTMS, UMR8626, CNRS, Bat 100, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM zdeborov@lptms.u-psud.fr; mezard@ipno.in2p3.fr RI Zdeborova, Lenka/B-9999-2014 NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD DEC PY 2008 AR P12004 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2008/12/P12004 PG 28 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 392ZF UT WOS:000262340000004 ER PT J AU Clarey, MG Botchan, M Nogales, E AF Clarey, Megan G. Botchan, Michael Nogales, Eva TI Single particle EM studies of the Drosophila melanogaster origin recognition complex and evidence for DNA wrapping SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Single particle electron microscopy; Atomic force microscopy; DNA replication initiation; Origin recognition complex; Metazoan ID REPLICATION ORIGINS; CHROMOSOME-REPLICATION; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; ATP-HYDROLYSIS; BINDING; PROTEIN; CHROMATIN; XENOPUS; ORC; YEAST AB Hyperphosphorylation of the Drosophila melanogaster origin recognition complex (DmORC) by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) allows nucleotide binding but inhibits the ATPase activity of Orc1, and ablates the ATP-dependent interaction of ORC with DNA. Here we present single particle electron microscopy ( EM) studies of ORC bound to nucleotide in both the dephosphorylated and hyper-phosphorylated states. 3D image reconstructions show that nucleotide binding gives rise to an analogous conformation independent of phosphorylation state. At the intermediate resolution achieved in our studies, ATP promotes changes along the toroidal core of the complex with negligible differences contributed by phosphorylation. Thus, hyperphosphorylation of DmORC does not induce meso-scale rearrangement of the ORC structure. To better understand ORC's role in origin remodeling, we performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies that show the contour length of a 688 bp linear DNA fragment shortens by the equivalent of similar to 130 bp upon ORC binding. This data, coupled with previous studies that showed a linking number change in circular DNA upon ORC binding, suggests that ORC may wrap the DNA in a manner akin to DnaA. Based on existing data and our structures, we propose a subunit arrangement for the AAA+ and winged helix domains, and in addition, speculate on a path of the 133 bp of DNA around the ORC complex. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Clarey, Megan G.; Botchan, Michael; Nogales, Eva] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nogales, Eva] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nogales, Eva] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Botchan, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbotchan@berkeley.edu; enogales@lbl.gov FU US National Institutes of Health [R39 CA 30490] FX The authors acknowledge Carlos Bustamante, Dirk Remus, Patricia Grob and Hong Wei Wang for technical assistance and helpful discussion. This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health grant R39 CA 30490 to M. B., and by a Biomedicine chair from the BBVA Foundation to E. N. E.N. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 164 IS 3 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.08.006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 423UM UT WOS:000264521200001 PM 18824234 ER PT J AU Hu, MH Zhang, YB Qian, LP Brinas, RP Kuznetsova, L Hainfeld, JF AF Hu, Minghui Zhang, Yian-Biao Qian, Luping Brinas, Raymond P. Kuznetsova, Larisa Hainfeld, James F. TI Three-dimensional structure of human chromatin accessibility complex hCHRAC by electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hCHRAC; Nucleosome; Three-dimensional structure; Electron microscopy; Chromatin remodeling ID REMODELING COMPLEX; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NUCLEOSOME; ISWI; DNA; SUBUNIT; FOLD; ACF; VISUALIZATION; CHRAC AB ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes modulate the dynamic assembly and remodeling of chromatin involved in DNA transcription, replication, and repair. There is little structural detail known about these important multiple-subunit enzymes that catalyze chromatin remodeling processes. Here we report a three-dimensional structure of the human chromatin accessibility complex, hCHRAC, using single particle reconstruction by negative stain electron microscopy. This structure shows an asymmetric 15 x 10 x 12 nm disk shape with several lobes protruding out of its surfaces. Based on the factors of larger contact area, smaller steric hindrance, and direct involvement of hCHRAC in interactions with the nucleosome, we propose that four lobes on one side form a multiple-site contact surface 10 nm in diameter for nucleosome binding. This work provides the first determination of the three-dimensional structure of the ISWI-family of chromatin remodeling complexes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Minghui; Zhang, Yian-Biao; Qian, Luping; Brinas, Raymond P.; Kuznetsova, Larisa; Hainfeld, James F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hainfeld, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hainfeld@bnl.gov FU BNL LDRD [04-055]; DOE [06742]; NIH [P41EB002181, R01RR017545] FX We are greatly indebted to Dr. Elena S. Lymar (BNL) for biochemical preparation, cloning, purification, and characterization of component proteins and reconstitution of the hCHRAC complex. This work was supported by BNL LDRD Grant 04-055 and DOE Grant 06742 and NIH Grants P41EB002181 and R01RR017545. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 164 IS 3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.08.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 423UM UT WOS:000264521200004 PM 18814851 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AC Phillips, AJ Hamilton, MA Gerlach, R Hollis, WK Kaszuba, JP Cunningham, AB AF Mitchell, Andrew C. Phillips, Adrienne J. Hamilton, Marty A. Gerlach, Robin Hollis, W. Kirk Kaszuba, John P. Cunningham, Alfred B. TI Resilience of planktonic and biofilm cultures to supercritical CO2 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Biofilm; Bacillus mojavensis; Planktonic; Supercritical CO2; Sterilization; Carbon sequestration ID PRESSURE CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXPLOSIVE DECOMPRESSION; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; INACTIVATION; SPORES; BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; SYSTEM; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES AB Supercritical CO2 has been shown to act as a disinfectant against microorganisms. These organisms have most often been tested in vegetative or spore form. Since biofilm organisms are typically more resilient to physical, chemical, and biological stresses than the same organisms in planktonic form, they are often considered more difficult to eradicate. it is therefore hypothesized that supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) induced inactivation of biofilm organisms would be less effective than against planktonic (suspended) growth cultures of the same organism. Six-day old biofilm cultures as well as suspended planktonic cultures of Bacillus mojavensis were exposed to flowing SC-CO2 at 136 atm and 35 degrees C for 19 min and slowly depressurized after treatment. After SC-CO2 exposure, B. mojavensis samples were analyzed for total and viable cells. Suspended cultures revealed a 3 log(10) reduction while biofilm cultures showed a 1 log(10) reduction in viable cell numbers. These data demonstrate that biofilm cultures of B. mojavensis are more resilient to SC-CO2 than suspended planktonic communities. It is hypothesized that the small reduction in the viability of biofilm microorganisms reflects the protective effects of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which make up the biofilm matrix, which offer mass transport resistance, a large surface area, and a number of functional groups for interaction with and immobilization Of CO2. The resistance of biofilm suggests that higher pressures, longer durations Of SC-CO2 exposure, and a quicker depressurization rate may be required to eradicate biofilms during the sterilization of heat-sensitive materials in medical and industrial applications. However, the observed resilience of biofilms to SC-CO2 is particularly promising for the prospective application of subsurface biofilms in the subsurface geologic sequestration of CO2 (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mitchell, Andrew C.; Phillips, Adrienne J.; Hamilton, Marty A.; Gerlach, Robin; Cunningham, Alfred B.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hollis, W. Kirk; Kaszuba, John P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cunningham, AB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, POB 173980, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM al_c@erc.montana.edu RI Gerlach, Robin/A-9474-2012 FU Zero Emissions Research Technology (ZERT); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FC26-04NT42262] FX This work was funded by the Zero Emissions Research Technology (ZERT) fund, from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Award No. DE-FC26-04NT42262. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. NR 51 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.07.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 374DB UT WOS:000261021600028 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Gorton, I Lee, VK AF Liu, Yan Gorton, Ian Lee, Vinh Kah TI The architecture of an event correlation service for adaptive middleware-based applications SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Australian Software Engineering Conference CY APR 10-13, 2007 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Data Proc, Infosys Australia, Davies Collison Cave, Object Consulting, Sun Microsyst Lab, Swinburne Univ Technol, IT Today, Elsevier Australia DE Event correlation; Middleware; Common-based event; Web services AB Loosely coupled component communication driven by events is a key mechanism for building middleware-based applications that must achieve reliable qualities of service in an adaptive manner. In such a system, events that encapsulate state snapshots of a running system are generated by monitoring components. Hence, an event correlation service is necessary for correlating monitored events from multiple sources. The requirements for the event correlation raise two challenges: to seamlessly integrate event correlation services with other services and applications; and to provide reliable event management with minimal delay. This paper describes our experience in the design and implementation of an event correlation service. The design encompasses an event correlator and an event proxy that are integrated with an architecture for adaptive middleware components. The implementation utilizes the common-based event (CBE) specification and stateful Web service technologies to support the deployment of the event correlation service in a distributed architecture. We evaluate the performance of the overall solution in a test bed and present the results in terms of the trade-off between the flexibility and the performance overhead of the architecture. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yan; Lee, Vinh Kah] Natl ICT Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Gorton, Ian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Natl ICT Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM jenny.liu@nicta.com.au; ian.gorton@pnl.gov; vinkkah.lee@nicta.com.au RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 81 IS 12 SI SI BP 2134 EP 2145 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.061 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 375NE UT WOS:000261119800004 ER PT J AU Blanchard, CL Tanenbaum, S Lawson, DR AF Blanchard, Charles L. Tanenbaum, Shelley Lawson, Douglas R. TI Differences between Weekday and Weekend Air Pollutant Levels in Atlanta; Baltimore; Chicago; Dallas-Fort Worth; Denver; Houston; New York; Phoenix; Washington, DC; and Surrounding Areas SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN ELECTRICAL BLACKOUT; NITROGEN-OXIDES EMISSIONS; 8-HR OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; WEEKDAY/WEEKEND DIFFERENCES; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ACCIDENTAL EXPERIMENT; PRECURSOR REDUCTIONS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB We evaluated day-of-week differences in mean concentrations of ozone (O(3)) precursors (nitric oxide [NO], nitrogen oxides [NO(x)], carbon monoxide [CO], and volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) at monitoring sites in 23 states comprising seven geographic focus areas over the period 1998-2003. Data for VOC measurements were available for six metropolitan areas in five regions. We used Wednesdays to represent weekdays and Sundays to represent weekends; we also analyzed Saturdays. At many sites, NO, NO(x), and CO mean concentrations decreased at all individual hours from 6:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. on Sundays compared with corresponding Wednesday means. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) weekend decreases in ambient concentrations were observed for 92% of NO(x) sites, 89% of CO sites, and 23% of VOC sites. Nine-hour (6:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) mean concentrations of NO NO(x), CO, and VOCs declined by 65, 49, 28, and 19%, respectively, from Wednesdays to Sundays (median site responses). Despite the large reductions in ambient NO(x) and moderate reductions in ambient CO and VOC concentrations on weekends, ozone and particulate matter (PM) nitrate did not exhibit large changes from weekdays to weekends. The median differences between Wednesday and Sunday mean ozone concentrations at all monitoring sites ranged from 3% higher on Sundays for peak 8-hr concentrations determined from all monitoring days to 3.8% lower on Sundays for peak 1-hr concentrations on extreme-ozone days. Eighty-three percent of the sites did not show statistically significant differences between Wednesday and weekend mean concentrations of peak ozone. Statistically significant weekend ozone decreases occurred at 6% of the sites and significant increases occurred at 11% of the sites. Average PM nitrate concentrations were 2.6% lower on Sundays than on Wednesdays. Statistically significant Sunday PM nitrate decreases occurred at one site and significant increases occurred at seven sites. C1 [Blanchard, Charles L.; Tanenbaum, Shelley] Envair, Albany, CA 94706 USA. [Lawson, Douglas R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Blanchard, CL (reprint author), Envair, 526 Cornell Ave, Albany, CA 94706 USA. EM cbenvair@pacbell.net FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Vehicle Technologies FX Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Chief Scientist Dr. James Eberhardt. The Coordinating Research Council and the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium provided funding for related work, some of which has been incorporated into this paper. The authors also thank the reviewers who provided constructive technical and editorial suggestions to earlier versions of this paper. NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 29 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1598 EP 1615 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.12.1598 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 382PR UT WOS:000261618400009 PM 19189758 ER PT J AU Zhang, GN Roy, BK Allard, LF Cho, JH AF Zhang, Guangneng Roy, Biplab K. Allard, Lawrence F. Cho, Junghyun TI Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Precipitated from Low-Temperature Aqueous Solutions: I. Nucleation, Growth, and Aggregation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TIO2 THIN-FILMS; SOLUTION DEPOSITION; IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; ZRO2 AB Titanium oxide (TiO(2)) thin films can be prepared by controlled hydrolysis of a titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) precursor in an aqueous solution at temperatures below 100 degrees C. As part of an effort to understand the formation of such TiO(2) films, the kinetics of the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of TiO(2) nanoparticles in aqueous solutions of TiCl(4) were studied using dynamic light scattering and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A higher degree of supersaturation, produced by a higher solution temperature, a higher concentration of TiCl(4), or a higher pH, results in a shorter nucleation induction time, a faster initial growth/aggregation rate, and a larger aggregate size. The interfacial energy of TiO(2) nanoparticles was found to be 0.072 J/m(2) from the homogeneous nucleation theory. Further investigations by a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) and TEM for the as-deposited films showed the structure hierarchy organized from nanocrystalline particles precipitated in the supersaturated solution. As a result, the effect of solution conditions on the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of TiO(2) nanoparticles can provide useful guidance for tailoring of microstructures of the TiO(2) films. C1 [Zhang, Guangneng; Roy, Biplab K.; Cho, Junghyun] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Zhang, Guangneng; Roy, Biplab K.; Cho, Junghyun] SUNY Binghamton, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cho, JH (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM jcho@binghamton.edu FU New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR) FX This research was financially supported by the New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR). NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3875 EP 3882 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02781.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 384AC UT WOS:000261714700008 ER PT J AU Williford, RE Johnson, KI Sundaram, SK Pilli, S AF Williford, Ralph E. Johnson, Kenneth I. Sundaram, S. Kamakshi Pilli, Siva TI Effective Diffusivity and Spalling Models for Slagging Coal Gasifiers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REFRACTORIES; MORPHOLOGY; FILMS AB Spalling reduces the lifetime of hot-face refractory linings in slagging coal gasifiers, and has an important impact on the economics of coal gasification. Spalling is caused by ingress of the molten slag into the porous refractory, followed by reaction with the refractory to produce either volumetric expansion (compressive stresses) or volumetric shrinkage (tensile stresses). In this paper, ingress of the molten slag into the porous refractory is described by an effective diffusivity that treats simultaneous capillary and diffusive mechanisms in terms of the average pore radius and the slag viscosity. This effective diffusivity can be applied in spalling models to estimate spall thicknesses that are useful for determining whether the spall originated from tensile or compressive mechanisms. C1 [Williford, Ralph E.; Johnson, Kenneth I.; Sundaram, S. Kamakshi; Pilli, Siva] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williford, RE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Rick.Williford@pnl.gov FU PNNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (Energy Conversion Initiative); Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO-1830] FX This work was supported by the PNNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (Energy Conversion Initiative). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 12 BP 4016 EP 4022 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02755.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 384AC UT WOS:000261714700030 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, NS Besmann, TM Spear, KE AF Kulkarni, Nagraj S. Besmann, Theodore M. Spear, Karl E. TI Thermodynamic Optimization of Lithia-Alumina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; WASTE GLASS; MODEL; OXIDE; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS AB The optimization of thermodynamic parameters in the Li(2)O-Al(2)O(3) system using available thermodynamic and assessed phase diagram data is discussed. A procedure for obtaining a suitable associate species solution model for the liquid in this system is presented. It is shown that if the eutectic near the pure alumina composition is ignored during the optimization, the optimized thermodynamic parameters in this system result in a phase diagram that is in reasonable agreement with the experimental one. Optimized thermodynamic parameters for the associate species in the associate species liquid model and the solids in this system are provided. An optimized associate-regular solution model with a reduced number of associates in the liquid is also provided as a comparison. C1 [Kulkarni, Nagraj S.; Besmann, Theodore M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Spear, Karl E.] CasitaCalc, Clearfield, PA 16830 USA. RP Kulkarni, NS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kulkarnins@ornl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research was supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle LLC. The authors are grateful to John Vienna, Jarrod Crum, Diana Tran, Pavel Hrma, and Jonathan Hanni, our collaborators at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, for useful discussions during the course of this work. The authors also thank John Vitek and Michael Brady at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for reviewing our manuscript. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 12 BP 4074 EP 4083 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02753.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 384AC UT WOS:000261714700038 ER PT J AU Soyk, MW Zhao, Q Houk, RS Badman, ER AF Soyk, Matthew W. Zhao, Qin Houk, R. S. Badman, Ethan R. TI A Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer with Versatile Control and Data Acquisition for Ion/Ion Reactions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER DISSOCIATION; OF-FLIGHT SYSTEM; IONIZATION; PARKING; PERFORMANCE; EJECTION; CATIONS; FIELDS; ANIONS; ESI AB A linear ion trap (LIT) with electrospray ionization (ESI) for top-down protein analysis has been constructed. An independent atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization (ASGDI) Source produces reagent ions for ion/ion reactions. The device is also meant to enable a wide variety of ion/ion reaction Studies. To reduce the instrument's complexity and make it available for wide dissemination, only a few simple electronics components were Custom built. The instrument functions as both a reaction vessel for gas-phase ion/ion reactions and a mass spectrometer using mass-selective axial ejection. Initial results demonstrate trapping efficiency of 70% to 90% and the ability to perform proton transfer reactions on intact protein ions, including dual polarity storage reactions, transmission mode reactions, and ion parking. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008, 19, 1821-1831) (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Soyk, Matthew W.; Zhao, Qin; Houk, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. [Houk, R. S.] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Soyk, MW (reprint author), Hoffmann La Roche Inc, Nonclin Safety, 340 Kingsland St, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA. EM ethan.badman@roche.com RI Guo, Henry/E-9618-2011 FU Iowa State University; Richard A. Schaeffer Memorial Travel Award; Velmer A. and Mary K. Fassel Fellowship; Conoco-Phillips Fellowship; GAANN Fellowship FX The authors acknowledge funding for this work by a grant from the Iowa State University Vice Provost for Research. M.W.S. acknowledges Extrel CMS for the Richard A. Schaeffer Memorial Travel Award to present this work at the 2006 ASMS Conference. M.W.S. also acknowledges the Velmer A. and Mary K. Fassel Fellowship (Iowa State University, 2006-2007), the Conoco-Phillips Fellowship (Iowa State University, 2006-2007), and the GAANN Fellowship (Iowa State University, 2008) for financial support. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1821 EP 1831 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.08.020 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 385IW UT WOS:000261808900014 PM 18838277 ER PT J AU Koizumi, H Whitten, WB Reilly, PTA AF Koizumi, Hideya Whitten, William B. Reilly, Peter T. A. TI Trapping of Intact, Singly-Charged, Bovine Serum Albumin Ions Injected from the Atmosphere with a 10-cm Diameter, Frequency-Adjusted Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; AERODYNAMIC LENSES AB High-resolution real-time particle mass measurements have not been achievable because the enormous amount of kinetic energy imparted to the particles upon expansion into vacuum competes with and overwhelms the forces applied to the charged particles within the mass spectrometer. It is possible to reduce the kinetic energy of a collimated particulate ion beam through collisions with a buffer gas while radially constraining their motion using a quadrupole guide or trap over a limited mass range. Controlling the pressure drop of the final expansion into a quadrupole trap permits a much broader mass range at the cost of sacrificing collimation. To achieve high-resolution mass analysis of massive particulate ions, an efficient trap with a large tolerance for radial divergence of the injected ions was developed that permits trapping a large range of ions for on-demand injection into an awaiting mass analyzer. The design specifications required that frequency of the trapping potential be adjustable to cover a large mass range and the trap radius be increased to increase the tolerance to divergent ion injection. The large-radius linear quadrupole ion trap was demonstrated by trappin,singly-charged bovine serum albumin ions for on-demand injection into a mass analyzer. Additionally, this work demonstrates the ability to measure an electrophoretic mobility cross section (or ion mobility) of singly-charged intact proteins in the low-pressure regime. This work represents a large step toward the goal of high-resolution analysis of intact proteins, RNA, DNA, and viruses. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008,19,1942-1947) (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Koizumi, Hideya; Whitten, William B.; Reilly, Peter T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ReillyPT@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering with Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors acknowledge funding for this research by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering, under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1942 EP 1947 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.08.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 385IW UT WOS:000261808900026 PM 18783963 ER PT J AU Mechem, DB Kogan, YL Ovtchinnikov, M Davis, AB Evans, KF Ellingson, RG AF Mechem, David B. Kogan, Yefim L. Ovtchinnikov, Mikhail Davis, Anthony B. Evans, K. Franklin Ellingson, Robert G. TI Multidimensional Longwave Forcing of Boundary Layer Cloud Systems SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; EXPLICIT MICROPHYSICS; INDEPENDENT PIXEL; CUMULUS CLOUDS; ENTRAINMENT; FIELDS; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERES AB The importance of multidimensional (MD) longwave radiative effects on cloud dynamics is evaluated in an eddy-resolving model (ERM)-the two-dimensional analog to large-eddy simulation (LES)-frame-work employing multidimensional radiative transfer [Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate Method (SHDOM)]. Simulations are performed for a case of unbroken, marine boundary layer stratocumulus and a broken field of trade cumulus. "Snapshot" calculations of MD and independent pixel approximation (IPA; 1D) radiative transfer applied to simulated cloud fields show that the total radiative forcing changes only slightly, although the MD effects significantly modify the spatial structure of the radiative forcing. Simulations of each cloud type employing MD and IPA radiative transfer, however, differ little. For the solid cloud case, relative to using IPA, the MD simulation exhibits a slight reduction in entrainment rate and boundary layer total kinetic energy (TKE) relative to the IPA simulation. This reduction is consistent with both the slight decrease in net radiative forcing and a negative correlation between local vertical velocity and radiative forcing, which implies a damping of boundary layer eddies. Snapshot calculations of the broken cloud case suggest a slight increase in radiative cooling, although few systematic differences are noted in the interactive simulations. This result is attributed to the fact that radiative cooling is a relatively minor contribution to the total energetics. For the cloud systems in this study, the use of IPA longwave radiative transfer is sufficiently accurate to capture the dynamical behavior of boundary layer clouds. Further investigations are required to generalize this conclusion for other cloud types and longer time integrations. C1 [Mechem, David B.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Mechem, David B.; Kogan, Yefim L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ovtchinnikov, Mikhail] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Davis, Anthony B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Davis, Anthony B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ellingson, Robert G.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Mechem, DB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd,213 Lindley Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM dmechem@ku.edu FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0205ER64062]; ONR [N00014-05-1-0550, N00014-03-1-0304]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227] FX We wish to acknowledge Bob Cahalan and Ezra Takara for their early encouragement in this effort. We greatly appreciate constructive suggestions from Steve Krueger and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG0205ER64062, as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program; by ONR grants N00014-05-1-0550 and N00014-03-1-0304; and by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. Some of the computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 65 IS 12 BP 3963 EP 3977 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2733.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 387ZP UT WOS:000261990400019 ER PT J AU Na, YS Kessel, CE Park, JM AF Na, Yong-Su Kessel, C. E. Park, J. M. TI Simulation of Hybrid Operation Modes in ITER SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Tokamak; Scenario; Hybrid; Modeling; ASTRA; ITER ID IMPROVED H-MODE; GENERAL AXISYMMETRICAL EQUILIBRIA; INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; ASDEX-UPGRADE; NEOCLASSICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ADVANCED SCENARIOS; CHAPTER 1; DIII-D; CONFINEMENT; DISCHARGES AB As one of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) primary operation modes, the hybrid mode aims at establishing plasmas with significant fusion power and low loop voltage to drive an inductive current to test reactor-relevant components in extended pulse lengths at high neutron fluence. In this paper, predictive modeling of the hybrid mode is presented. The potential of hybrid modes is investigated with respect to fusion performance and the non-inductive current drive fraction in ITER. Simulations are performed with the ASTRA transport code by employing a physics-based heat transport model. Here, the particle transport is prescribed. The effect of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) to establish a low magnetic shear in the center of the plasma is also discussed. The simulations show that fusion gains and the non-inductive current drive fractions of up to 8.4 and 49 %, respectively, can be achieved in hybrid modes at ITER. C1 [Na, Yong-Su] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Na, Yong-Su] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305806, South Korea. [Kessel, C. E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Park, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Na, YS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM ysna@snu.ac.kr FU Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Korea goverment (MEST) [R11-2008-072-01002-0] FX The authors would like to express deep gratitude to Steady State Operation Topical Group members of the International Tokamak Physics Activity for fruitful discussions. This work was partly supported by the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea goverment (MEST) (No. R11-2008-072-01002-0). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3788 EP 3792 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 384FZ UT WOS:000261732000048 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, G Valenzuela, AR Yellampalle, B Schmitt, MJ Kim, KY AF Rodriguez, George Valenzuela, Anthony R. Yellampalle, Balakishore Schmitt, Mark J. Kim, Ki-Yong TI In-line holographic imaging and electron density extraction of ultrafast ionized air filaments SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; PLASMA FILAMENTS; PROPAGATION; IONIZATION; INTERFEROMETRY; CONDUCTIVITY; INTENSITY; DYNAMICS; MEDIA; BEAMS AB In-line spatial holographic methods are used to image the optical diffraction patterns of ultrafast laser produced plasma filaments in air. Using femtosecond laser pump-probe methods the plasma filament is produced and subsequently probed by a time-delayed probe beam traversing the filament at a right angle. The resulting probe beam image is recorded as a holographic diffraction pattern on a charge coupled device camera as the probe beam is diffracted due to the optical index change caused by the plasma filament. Extraction of the electron density in the filament down to 10(16) cm(-3) is obtained by using the Helmholtz wave equation beam propagation model to simulate the data. By varying the pump-probe optical time delay, a plasma electron recombination time of approximately 250 ps is measured and agrees with our rate equation population kinetics model. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Rodriguez, George; Valenzuela, Anthony R.; Yellampalle, Balakishore; Kim, Ki-Yong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schmitt, Mark J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Mail Stop K771,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rodrigeo@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012; OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 FU U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC); Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work is funded through a work for others contract for the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) in Picatinny, N.J. and in conjunction with Applied Energetics, Incorporated in Tucson, Ariz. All work at Los Alamos National Laboratory is carried out under the auspices of the Department of Energy contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1988 EP 1997 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.001988 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 389MC UT WOS:000262096000025 ER PT J AU Kaneshita, E Bishop, AR AF Kaneshita, Eiji Bishop, Alan R. TI Pressure-Induced Phase Transition to a Novel Spin State in Striped Nickelates SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE stripes; nickelate; pressure effect; local mode; phonon ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; CHARGE; MAGNETISM; ORDER AB We analyze pressure effects on stripe states within a selfconsistent Hartree-Fock calculation for a model of a striped nickelates. The results show a transition induced by high pressure and predict possible new spin states. We describe characteristics in the phonon excitations at the predicted transition, based on a real-space random phase approximation. C1 [Kaneshita, Eiji] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bishop, Alan R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaneshita, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to Yang Ding for helping to estimate the critical pressure, and to Maiko Kofu, Masanori Ichioka, and Michel van Veenendaal for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 77 IS 12 AR 123709 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.77.123709 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388FD UT WOS:000262004800011 ER PT J AU Petravic, J Ribeiro, RM Casimiro, DR Mattapallil, JJ Roederer, M Shiver, JW Davenport, MP AF Petravic, Janka Ribeiro, Ruy M. Casimiro, Danilo R. Mattapallil, Joseph J. Roederer, Mario Shiver, John W. Davenport, Miles P. TI Estimating the Impact of Vaccination on Acute Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL DEPLETION; VIRAL DYNAMICS; IN-VIVO; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1 INFECTION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; REPLICATION; LIMITATIONS; TISSUES; DECAY AB The dynamics of HIV infection have been studied in humans and in a variety of animal models. The standard model of infection has been used to estimate the basic reproductive ratio of the virus, calculated from the growth rate of virus in acute infection. This method has not been useful in studying the effects of vaccination, since, for the vaccines developed so far, early growth rates of virus do not differ between control and vaccinated animals. Here, we use the standard model of viral dynamics to derive the reproductive ratio from the peak viral load and nadir of target cell numbers in acute infection. We apply this method to data from studies of vaccination in SHIV and SIV infection and demonstrate that vaccination can reduce the reproductive ratio by 2.3- and 2-fold, respectively. This method allows the comparison of vaccination efficacies among different viral strains and animal models in vivo. C1 [Petravic, Janka; Davenport, Miles P.] Univ New S Wales, Complex Syst Biol Grp, Ctr Vasc Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Ribeiro, Ruy M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Casimiro, Danilo R.; Shiver, John W.] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. [Mattapallil, Joseph J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Roederer, Mario] NIAID, ImmunoTechnol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Davenport, MP (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Complex Syst Biol Grp, Ctr Vasc Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM m.davenport@unsw.edu.au OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU James S. McDonnell Foundation; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; Charles Viertel Senior Medical Research; National Institutes of Health [P20-RR18754] FX This work was supported by the James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Research Award/Studying Complex Systems and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. M. P. D. is a Sylvia and Charles Viertel Senior Medical Research Fellow. R. M. R. was supported by grant P20-RR18754 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 82 IS 23 BP 11589 EP 11598 DI 10.1128/JVI.01596-08 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 370UX UT WOS:000260789700011 PM 18799584 ER PT J AU Ganusov, VV De Boer, RJ AF Ganusov, Vitaly V. De Boer, Rob J. TI Estimating In Vivo Death Rates of Targets due to CD8 T-Cell-Mediated Killing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-SPECIFIC EFFECTOR; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTE-T; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; VIRAL-INFECTION; DENDRITIC CELLS; CYTO-TOXICITY; CUTTING EDGE; MEMORY; NAIVE AB Despite recent advances in immunology, several key parameters determining virus dynamics in infected hosts remain largely unknown. For example, the rate at which specific effector and memory CD8 T cells clear virus-infected cells in vivo is hardly known for any viral infection. We propose a framework to quantify T-cell-mediated killing of infected or peptide-pulsed target cells using the widely used in vivo cytotoxicity assay. We have reanalyzed recently published data on killing of peptide-pulsed splenocytes by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and memory CD8 T cells specific to NP396 and GP276 epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in the mouse spleen. Because there are so many effector CD8 T cells in spleens of mice at the peak of the immune response, NP396-and GP276-pulsed targets are estimated to have very short half-lives of 2 and 14 min, respectively. After the effector numbers have diminished, i.e., in LCMV-immune mice, the half-lives become 48 min and 2.8 h for NP396-and GP276-expressing targets, respectively. Analysis of several alternative models demonstrates that the estimates of half-life times of peptide-pulsed targets are not affected when changes are made in the model assumptions. Our report provides a unifying framework to compare killing efficacies of CD8 T-cell responses specific to different viral and bacterial infections in vivo, which may be used to compare efficacies of various cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-based vaccines. C1 [Ganusov, Vitaly V.; De Boer, Rob J.] Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ganusov, Vitaly V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok 660036, Russia. [Ganusov, Vitaly V.] Russian Acad Sci, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok 660036, Russia. RP Ganusov, VV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-10 MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vitaly.ganusov@gmail.com RI De Boer, Rob/B-6050-2011; OI De Boer, Rob/0000-0002-2130-691X; Ganusov, Vitaly/0000-0001-6572-1691 FU NWO [016.048.603]; Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship (FP6) FX We thank Joost Beltman, Kalet Leon, John Wherry, Dan Barber, Gennady Bocharov, Roland Regoes, Andrew Yates, and several reviewers for comments and suggestions during this work.; This work was supported by VICI grant 016.048.603 from NWO and a Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship (FP6). NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 82 IS 23 BP 11749 EP 11757 DI 10.1128/JVI.01128-08 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 370UX UT WOS:000260789700026 PM 18815293 ER PT J AU Haack, JR Hauck, CD AF Haack, Jeffrey R. Hauck, Cory D. TI OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR OF ASYMPTOTIC-PRESERVING SPLITTING METHODS FOR A LINEAR MODEL OF DIFFUSIVE RELAXATION SO KINETIC AND RELATED MODELS LA English DT Article DE Asymptotic-preserving scheme; hyperbolic heat equation; splitting; diffusive relaxation ID RUNGE-KUTTA SCHEMES; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; KINETIC-EQUATIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; NUMERICAL SCHEMES; EDDINGTON FACTORS; REGIMES; LIMIT AB The occurrence of oscillations in a well-known asymptotic preserving (AP) numerical scheme is investigated in the context of a linear model of diffusive relaxation, known as the P1 equations. The scheme is derived with operator splitting methods that separate the P1 system into slow and fast dynamics. A careful analysis of the scheme shows that binary oscillations can occur as a result of a black-red diffusion stencil and that dispersive-type oscillations may occur when there is too little numerical dissipation. The latter conclusion is based on comparison with a modified form of the P1 system. Numerical fixes a real so introduced to remove the oscillatory behavior. C1 [Haack, Jeffrey R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hauck, Cory D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hauck, Cory D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies T CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Haack, JR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, 480 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM haack@math.wisc.edu; cdhauck@lanl.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES-AIMS PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1937-5093 EI 1937-5077 J9 KINET RELAT MOD JI Kinet. Relat. Mod. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 573 EP 590 DI 10.3934/krm.2008.1.573 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 483IO UT WOS:000268957800005 ER PT J AU Renk, TJ Mann, GA Torres, GA AF Renk, T. J. Mann, G. A. Torres, G. A. TI Performance of a pulsed ion beam with a renewable cryogenically cooled ion source SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE CH(4) ion beams; Closed-cycle He cooling; Cryogenic anode; Kr beams; Xe beams ID LIQUID-HELIUM; ACCELERATION; DIODE; ANODE AB For operation of all ion Source in an intense ion beam diode, it is desirable to form it localized and robust source of high purity. A cryogenically operated ion Source has great promise, since the ions are formed from a condensed high-purity gas, which has been confined to a relatively thin ice layer oil the anode surface. Previous experiments have established the principles of operation of such an ion Source, but have been limited in repetitive duration clue to the use of short-lived liquid Fie cooling of the anode surface. We detail here the successful development of a "Cryo-Diode" in which the cooling was achieved with a closed-cycle cryo-pump. This results in an ion source design that can potentially be operated for an indefinite duration. Time-of-flight measurements with Faraday cups indicate that the resultant ion be, is of high-purity, and composed of singly charged ions formed Out of the gas frozen out oil the anode surface. C1 [Renk, T. J.; Mann, G. A.; Torres, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Renk, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1182,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjrenk@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We also acknowledge conversations with Prof. Koichi Kasuya concerning his prior cryogenic mode experiments at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, and with Prof. Michael Thompson of Cornell University concerning the use of ail in-situ cryopump for anode cooling. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1017/S026303460800058X PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388OI UT WOS:000262028700006 ER PT J AU Ni, PA Kulish, MI Mintsev, V Nikolaev, DN Ternovoi, VY Hoffmann, DHH Udrea, S Hug, A Tahir, NA Varentsov, D AF Ni, P. A. Kulish, M. I. Mintsev, V. Nikolaev, D. N. Ternovoi, V. Ya. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Udrea, S. Hug, A. Tahir, N. A. Varentsov, D. TI Temperature measurement of warm-dense-matter generated by intense heavy-ion beams SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE High energy density physics; Temperature diagnostic; Warm dense matter ID HIGH-ENERGY; GSI-DARMSTADT; LASER-BEAMS; FACILITY; PHYSICS; FUSION; METALLIZATION; EQUATION; HYDROGEN; STATES AB This paper describes a fast multi-channel radiation pyrometer that was developed for warm dense-matter experiments with intense heavy ion beams at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI). The pyrometer is capable of measuring brightness temperatures from 2000 K to 50,000 K. at six wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum, with 5 ns temporal resolution, and several micrometers spatial resolution. The pyrometer's spectral discrimination technique is based on interference filters, which also act as mirrors to allow for simultaneous spectral discrimination of the same ray at multiple wavelengths. C1 [Ni, P. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kulish, M. I.; Mintsev, V.; Nikolaev, D. N.; Ternovoi, V. Ya.] Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka, Russia. [Hoffmann, D. H. H.; Udrea, S.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Darmstadt, Germany. [Hug, A.; Tahir, N. A.; Varentsov, D.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Ni, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pani@lbl.gov RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008; Mintsev, Victor/L-2029-2013 FU GSI-FNTAS [03-54-4254] FX The authors wish to thank D. Fernengel, J. Menzel, and H. Wahl for their help in preparing the experiments. This work has been supported in part by the GSI-FNTAS grants 03-54-4254. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1017/S0263034608000645 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388OI UT WOS:000262028700010 ER PT J AU Priebe, G Laundy, D MacDonald, MA Diakun, GP Jamison, SP Jones, LB Holder, DJ Smith, SL Phillips, PJ Fell, BD Sheehy, B Naumova, N Sokolov, IV Ter-Avetisyan, S Spohr, K Krafft, GA Rosenzweig, JB Schramm, U Gruner, F Hirst, GJ Collier, J Chattopadhyay, S Seddon, EA AF Priebe, G. Laundy, D. MacDonald, M. A. Diakun, G. P. Jamison, S. P. Jones, L. B. Holder, D. J. Smith, S. L. Phillips, P. J. Fell, B. D. Sheehy, B. Naumova, N. Sokolov, I. V. Ter-Avetisyan, S. Spohr, K. Krafft, G. A. Rosenzweig, J. B. Schramm, U. Gruener, F. Hirst, G. J. Collier, J. Chattopadhyay, S. Seddon, E. A. TI Inverse Compton backscattering source driven by the multi-10 TW laser installed at Daresbury SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE ALICE; Compton scattering; Compton synchrotron radiation; Energy recovery linac; ERLP; Laser Compton scattering; Laser synchrotron radiation; Thomson scattering; Ultra-short X-ray pulses; X-ray source ID FEMTOSECOND X-RAYS; DEGREES THOMSON SCATTERING; ENERGY RECOVERY LINAC; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; ELECTRON-BEAM; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GENERATION; PULSES; LIGHT; DIFFRACTION AB Inverse Compton scattering is a promising method to implement a high brightness, ultra-short, energy tunable X-ray source at accelerator facilities. We have developed ail inverse Compton backscattering X-ray source driven by the multi-10 TW laser installed at Daresbury. Hard X-rays, with spectral peaks ranging from 15 to 30 keV, depending oil the scattering geometry, will be generated through the interaction of laser pulses with electron bunches delivered by the energy recovery linac machine, initially known as energy recovery linac prototype and subsequently renamed accelerators and lasers in combined experiments. X-ray Pulses containing 9 x 107 photons per Pulse will be created from head-on Collisions, With a Pulse duration comparable to the incoming electron bunch length. For transverse collisions 8 x 10 6 photons per pulse will be generated, where the laser pulse transit time defines the X-ray Pulse duration. The peak spectral brightness is predicted to be similar to 10(21) photons/(s mm(2) mrad(2) 0.1% Delta lambda/lambda). C1 [Priebe, G.; Laundy, D.; MacDonald, M. A.; Diakun, G. P.; Jones, L. B.; Holder, D. J.; Smith, S. L.; Fell, B. D.; Seddon, E. A.] STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Chattopadhyay, S.] Cockcroft Inst, Warrington, Cheshire, England. [Phillips, P. J.] Univ Dundee, Div Elect Engn & Phys, Dundee, Scotland. [Hirst, G. J.; Collier, J.] STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Schramm, U.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. [Gruener, F.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany. [Sheehy, B.] Sheehy Sci Consulting, Wading River, NY USA. [Naumova, N.] Lab Opt Appl, Palaiseau, France. [Ter-Avetisyan, S.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Sokolov, I. V.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spohr, K.] Univ Paisley, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Krafft, G. A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. [Rosenzweig, J. B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Priebe, G (reprint author), STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. EM gerd.priebe@stfc.ac.uk RI Schramm, Ulrich/C-9393-2012; Priebe, Gerd/C-6330-2008; Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013; Gruner, Florian/M-1212-2016 OI Schramm, Ulrich/0000-0003-0390-7671; Priebe, Gerd/0000-0002-9880-8715; Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469; Gruner, Florian/0000-0001-8382-9225 FU STFC; Northwest Development Agency, through the Northwest Science Fund FX We would like to acknowledge the financial Support of STFC and the Northwest Development Agency, through the Northwest Science Fund. NR 83 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 EI 1469-803X J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 649 EP 660 DI 10.1017/S0263034608000700 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388OI UT WOS:000262028700017 ER PT J AU Zawadzki, RJ Cense, B Jones, SM Olivier, SS Miller, DT Werner, JS AF Zawadzki, Robert J. Cense, Barry Jones, Steven M. Olivier, Scot S. Miller, Donald T. Werner, John S. TI Ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography gets adaptive-optic 'glasses' SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Ultra-high-resolution OCT imaging that uses adaptive optics is improved with a new source and optics for clinical in vivo visibility of the human retina. C1 [Zawadzki, Robert J.; Werner, John S.] Univ Calif Davis, Vis Sci Adv Retinal Imaging Lab VSRI, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Cense, Barry; Miller, Donald T.] Indiana Univ, Sch Optometry, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Jones, Steven M.; Olivier, Scot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Zawadzki, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Vis Sci Adv Retinal Imaging Lab VSRI, 4860 Y Str,Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM rjzawadzki@ucdavis.edu RI Zawadzki, Robert/E-7534-2011; OI Zawadzki, Robert/0000-0002-9574-156X; Jones, Stephen/0000-0002-4965-4932 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 12 BP 55 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 384PL UT WOS:000261756600022 ER PT J AU Becht, GA Vaughey, JT Britt, RL Eagle, CT Hwu, SJ AF Becht, Gregory A. Vaughey, John T. Britt, Robin L. Eagle, Cassandra T. Hwu, Shiou-Jyh TI Ion exchange and electrochemical evaluation of the microporous phosphate Li(9)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10) SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Inorganic compounds; Microporous Materials; Intercalation reactions; Electrochemical measurements; Electrochemical properties ID IRON-PHOSPHATE; ANODE MATERIAL; LITHIUM; BATTERIES; MOSSBAUER; LIFEPO4; CELLS; LI AB A new lithium iron(III) phosphate, Li(9)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10), has been synthesized and is currently under electrochemical evaluation as an anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion battery applications. The sample was prepared via the ion exchange reaction of Cs(5)K(4)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10) 1 in the 1 M LiNO(3) solution under hydrothermal conditions at 200 degrees C. The fully Li(+)-exchanged sample Li(9)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10) 2 cannot yet be synthesized by conventional high-temperature, solid-state methods. The parent compound 1 is a member of the Cs(9-x)K(x)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10) series that was previously isolated from a high-temperature (750 degrees C) reaction employing the eutectic CsCl/KCl molten salt. The polycrystalline solid 1 was first prepared in a stoichiometric reaction via conventional solid-state method then followed by ion exchange giving rise to 2. Both compounds adopt three-dimensional structures that consist of orthogonally interconnected channels where electropositive ions reside. It has been demonstrated that the Cs(9-x)K(x)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10) series possesses versatile ion exchange capabilities with all the monovalent alkali metal and silver cations due to its facile pathways for ion transport. I and 2 Were Subject to electrochemical analysis and preliminary results suggest that the latter can be considered as an anode material. Electrochemical results indicate that Li(9)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10) is reduced below 1 V (vs. Li) to most likely form a Fe(0)/Li(3)PO(4) composite material, which can Subsequently be cycled reversibly at relatively low potential. An initial capacity of 250 mAh/g was measured, which is equivalent to the insertion of thirteen Li atoms per Li(9+x)Fe(7)(PO(4))(10) (x= 13) during the charge/discharge process (Fe(2+) + 2e -> Fe(0)). Furthermore, 2 shows a lower reduction potential (0.9 V), by approximately 200 mV, and much better electrochemical reversibility than iron(III) phosphate, FePO(4), highlighting the value of improving the ionic conductivity of the sample. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hwu, Shiou-Jyh] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Hunter Chem Labs 477, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Vaughey, John T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Britt, Robin L.; Eagle, Cassandra T.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Hwu, SJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Hunter Chem Labs 477, POB 340973, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM shwu@clemson.edu OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0322905, 0706426]; Summer Research Program in Solid State and Materials Chemistry [DMR-0303450]; SQUID [CHE-9101044]; X-ray diffractometer [CHE-9808165] FX We gratefully acknowledge continued financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for this research (DMR-0322905, 0706426), as well as the support for RLB and CTE (faculty) for the Summer Research Program in Solid State and Materials Chemistry (DMR-0303450) and that for the purchases of SQUID magnetometer (CHE-9101044) and X-ray diffractometer (CHE-9808165). NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3389 EP 3396 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2008.02.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 378YU UT WOS:000261361900025 ER PT J AU Kurella, AK Hu, MZ Dahotre, NB AF Kurella, Anil K. Hu, Michael Z. Dahotre, Narendra B. TI Effect of microstructural evolution on wettability of laser coated calcium phosphate on titanium alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Laser; Wettability; Biocompatibility; Calcium phosphate; Titanium alloy; Biomaterial ID COATINGS; HYDROXYAPATITE; BIOMATERIALS; CO2-LASER; ZIRCONIA AB Surface engineering of synthetic implant materials provides an exciting opportunity to mimic natural biomaterials. Surface that are bioactive and textured at multi-scale have the potential for easier osseointegration. Ti alloy surfaces known for their biocompatibility are coated with bioactive calcium phosphate using a laser source at multiple processing speeds. The resulting surface has multi-scale morphology and multi-phase chemical nature. Faster processing speeds showed improved wettability to water along with higher degree of crystallinity in the phases present. Furthermore. decreased laser processing speeds induced formation of increased amount of glassy phases that are expected to provide increased biocompatibility. The combination of these opposing effects Suggested that optimum crystallinity leading to optimum wettability can be produced at intermediate speeds for improved biocompatibility. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kurella, Anil K.; Dahotre, Narendra B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hu, Michael Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dahotre, Narendra B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu OI Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 FU Division of Materials Science [KC 02 03 010]; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work is partially supported by the Division of Materials Science (KC 02 03 010), Office of Science, the U.S. Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1560 EP 1564 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.015 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 385YD UT WOS:000261848600054 ER PT J AU Samaras, M Victoria, M AF Samaras, M. Victoria, M. TI Modelling in nuclear energy environments SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review ID DISLOCATION DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; DEFECT PRODUCTION; PLASTIC-FLOW; FE-CR; IRON; METALS; DIFFUSION AB Producing energy to supply the demands of our societies is reaching a critical limit. To tackle this issue, there is a slow renaissance of fission reactors and the push to realise fusion reactors. The safe, reliable and optimal performance of fusion and fission plants is dependent on the choice of suitable materials used as components and fuels. As these materials are degraded by their exposure to high temperatures, irradiation and a corrosive environment, it is necessary to address the issue of long term degradation of materials under service exposure in advanced plants. A higher confidence in life-time assessments of these materials requires an understanding of the related physical phenomena on a range of scales from the atomic level of single defect energetics all the way up to macroscopic effects. C1 [Samaras, M.; Victoria, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Victoria, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94557 USA. [Victoria, M.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid 28014, Spain. RP Samaras, M (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. NR 99 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(08)70253-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 383VF UT WOS:000261701600014 ER PT J AU Caboussat, A Francois, MM Glowinski, R Kothe, DB Sicilian, JM AF Caboussat, A. Francois, M. M. Glowinski, R. Kothe, D. B. Sicilian, J. M. TI A numerical method for interface reconstruction of triple points within a volume tracking algorithm SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Interface reconstruction; Triple-point configuration; Free surface; Constrained optimization; Multiphase flows ID OF-FLUID METHOD; FREE-SURFACE; POLYHEDRAL MESHES; POWER DIAGRAMS; FINITE-ELEMENT; NEWTON METHODS; SIMULATION; ADVECTION; FLOWS; COMPUTATIONS AB A numerical method for the reconstruction of interfaces in finite volume schemes for multiphase flows is presented. The computation of the triple point at the intersection of three materials in two dimensions of space is addressed. The determination of the normal vectors between pairs of materials is obtained with a finite element approximation. A numerical method for the localization of a triple point is described as the minimum of a constrained minimization problem inside an interfacial cell of the discretization. For given volume fractions of materials in the cell, an interior-point/Newton method is used for the reconstruction of the local geometry and the localization of the triple point. Initialization of the Newton method is performed with a derivative-free algorithm. Numerical results are presented for static and pure advection cases to illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the algorithm. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Caboussat, A.; Glowinski, R.] Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Francois, M. M.; Sicilian, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kothe, D. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Caboussat, A (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Math, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM caboussat@math.uh.edu; mmfran@lanl.gov; roland@math.uh.edu; kothe@ornl.gov; sicilian@lanl.gov RI Francois, Marianne/B-2423-2012; OI Francois, Marianne/0000-0003-3062-6234 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Telluride project; University of Houston; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [NSF-DMS 0412267] FX The Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Telluride project are greatly acknowledged for providing the TRUCHAS software and sponsoring the visits of the first and third authors. The first author was partially supported by University of Houston start-up funds. The second author was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The third author was partially supported by the National Science Foundation NSF-DMS 0412267. The fifth author was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 1957 EP 1971 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2008.05.009 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 370JE UT WOS:000260757700029 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, Mehrdad TI Flow of a binary mixture of linearly incompressible viscous fluids between two horizontal parallel plates SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mixture theory; continuum mechanics; steady flow; exact solutions; two-fluid theory; multiphase ID NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CONTINUUM THEORIES; DIFFUSION; EQUATIONS; MODELS; PIPE AB In this paper, we use the classical Mixture Theory and present exact solutions to the equations of motion for the steady flow of two linearly viscous fluids between two horizontal plates. We show that for a saturated mixture and under very special conditions, namely when the body forces are assumed negligible, the only interaction force is due to relative velocity (drag force), and if the two velocities are assumed to be related to each other in a linear fashion, then it is possible to integrate the coupled ordinary differential equations and obtain analytical expressions for the velocities and the volume fraction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM MASSOUDI@NETLDOE.GOV NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2008.03.003 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 351IX UT WOS:000259419100013 ER PT J AU Burkes, DE Hallinan, NP Shropshire, KL Wells, PB AF Burkes, Douglas E. Hallinan, Neil P. Shropshire, Karen L. Wells, Peter B. TI Effects of Applied Load on 6061-T6 Aluminum Joined Employing a Novel Friction Bonding Process SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY AB Friction bonding is under consideration for use in mass production of plate-type nuclear fuels for research reactors. This article discusses the effects of applied load (the most important process parameter for fabrication of these fuels) on temperature distribution, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Friction bonding experiments showed that tool geometry caused temperature gradients across the tool surface. Temperatures at the joint interface suggested the advancing side of the tool produced a majority of the frictional heat, while the retreating side of the tool mainly forged the plasticized material while bonding increased with applied load. The microstructure across the tool surface was also altered and, as a function of applied load, affected the mechanical properties. The 6061 aluminum alloy had mechanical properties close to a T4 temper after processing. Results documented in this article will aid in continual enhancement of friction bonding for nuclear fuel plate fabrication, and will hopefully contribute to continued advancement of friction stir welding (FSW) state of the art. C1 [Hallinan, Neil P.; Shropshire, Karen L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Shropshire, Karen L.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Wells, Peter B.] Univ Idaho, Dept Mech Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM douglas.burkes@inl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), under DOE Idaho Operations Office (ContractNo. DE-AC07-05ID14517). The authors are especially grateful to the Fuels and Applied Sciences Building and Electron Microscopy Laboratory Staff, and to Mrs. Terri Dixon, Mr. Michael Chapple, and Dr. Jan-Fong Jue for their assistance with materials and fabrication related to these experiments. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government (DOE Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517). Accordingly, the U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U. S. Government purposes. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 12 BP 2852 EP 2861 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9644-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 365AK UT WOS:000260378100007 ER PT J AU Wu, XP Kalidindi, SR Necker, C Salem, AA AF Wu, Xianping Kalidindi, Surya R. Necker, Carl Salem, Ayman A. TI Modeling Anisotropic Stress-Strain Response and Crystallographic Texture Evolution in alpha-Titanium during Large Plastic Deformation using Taylor-Type Models: Influence of Initial Texture and Purity SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; CRYSTAL-PLASTICITY; FCC METALS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HARDENING REGIMES; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; POLYCRYSTALS; COMPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS AB The anisotropic strain-hardening behavior and texture evolution during large plastic strains were investigated in two different grades of alpha-titanium. A recently proposed Taylor-type crystal-plasticity model([1]) was used to predict the crystallographic texture evolution and anisotropic stress-strain response of these materials during large plastic strains at ambient temperature. The reasonable agreement between the predictions and the measurements reported here demonstrates the potential of these models for a class of titanium alloys in which plastic deformation is accommodated by both crystallographic slip and deformation twinning. The results of this study also provided quantitative insights into the effects of purity level on the slip and twin-hardening parameters, which are also observed to be relatively insensitive to the initial texture in the sample. C1 [Wu, Xianping] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. [Kalidindi, Surya R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Necker, Carl] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Met Grp MST 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Salem, Ayman A.] UES Inc, Mat Proc Lab, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Salem, Ayman A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wu, Xianping] Smith Technol, Houston, TX 77032 USA. RP Wu, XP (reprint author), Smith Technol, Houston, TX 77032 USA. EM skalidin@coe.drexel.edu RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; Wagner, Martin/A-6880-2008 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0201382]; Air Force [F33615-03-D-5801] FX This work was performed while one of the authors (XW) was at Drexel University, and it was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0201382. The authors also thank Professor R.D. Doherty from Drexel University for the discussions on various aspects of this study. One of the authors (AAS) gratefully recognizes the support received under the auspices of Air Force Contract No. F33615-03-D-5801. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 12 BP 3046 EP 3054 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9651-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 365AK UT WOS:000260378100027 ER PT J AU Barabash, R Wang, YD Liaw, PK AF Barabash, Rozaliya I. Wang, Yandong Liaw, Peter K. TI Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barabash, Rozaliya I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Yandong] Northeastern Univ, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Barabash, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ydwang@mail.neu.edu.cn RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3057 EP 3057 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9681-4 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700001 ER PT J AU Ice, G AF Ice, Gene E. TI The Future of Spatially-Resolved Polychromatic Neutron and X-Ray Microdiffraction SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL MICROSCOPE; ELECTROMIGRATION; OPTICS; INTERCONNECT; RESOLUTION; MIRRORS; STRAIN; FILMS AB Polychromatic microdiffraction is an emerging materials-characterization tool made practical by powerful X-ray and neutron sources, and by advanced optics and software. With polychromatic techniques, local crystalline properties including phase, texture (orientation), elastic strain, and defect density can be mapped with submicron spatial resolution in three dimensions. Here, we describe the evolving ability to nondestructively map local crystal structure in three dimensions and discuss how future advances will help address long-standing issues of inhomogeneous grain growth, deformation, fracture, and elastic strain. Current and future applications impact virtually all materials including electronic, solar, and light-emitting-diode (LED) materials, nanomaterials, structural materials, and joining materials. In addition, the ability to focus small beams on small samples dramatically increases signal-to-noise and greatly reduces the cost for extreme environmental chambers required for high-pressure, high-temperature, high-magnetic field or corrosive environments. Polychromatic techniques efficiently use source brilliance and minimize the required sample volume, which is essential for hard-to-make materials, irreplaceable materials, and for radioactive, toxic, or otherwise dangerous materials. New polychromatic neutron capabilities will significantly extend the range of samples that can be studied with neutrons and presents important new scientific opportunities for studies of magnetic materials, low Z elements, fragile crystal structures, and small samples in extreme environments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM IceGE@ornl.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3058 EP 3064 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9570-x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700002 ER PT J AU Huang, EW Barabash, R Jia, N Wang, YD Ice, G Clausen, B Horton, J Liaw, PK AF Huang, E-Wen Barabash, Rozaliya Jia, Nan Wang, Yan-Dong Ice, Gene E. Clausen, Bjorn Horton, J. Liaw, Peter K. TI Slip-System-Related Dislocation Study from In-Situ Neutron Measurements SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; INTERGRANULAR STRAINS; TEXTURE COMPONENTS; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; DEFORMED-CRYSTALS; METALS; POLYCRYSTALS AB A combined experimental/computational approach is employed to study slip-system-related dislocation-substructure formation during uniaxial tension of a single-phase, face-centered-cubic (fcc), nickel-based alloy. In-situ neutron-diffraction measurements were conducted to monitor the peak-intensity, peak-position, and peak-broadening evolution during a displacement-controlled, monotonic-tension experiment at room temperature. The measured lattice-strain evolution and the macrostress/macrostrain curves were used to obtain the material parameters required for simulating the texture development by a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model. The simulated texture compared favorably with experimentally-determined texture results over a range of 0 to 30 pct engineering strain. The grain-orientation-dependent input into the Debye-intensity ring was considered. Grains favorably oriented relative to the two detector banks in the geometry of the neutron experiment were indicated. For the favorably oriented grains, the simulated slip-system activity was used to calculate the slip-system-dependent, dislocation-contrast factor. The combination of the calculated contrast factor with the experimentally-measured peak broadening allows the assessment of the parameters of the dislocation arrangement within the specifically oriented grains, which has a quantitative agreement with the transmission-electron-microscopy results. C1 [Huang, E-Wen; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Horton, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Alloying Behavior & Design Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Barabash, Rozaliya] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jia, Nan; Wang, Yan-Dong] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yan-Dong] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, EW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; Huang, E-Wen/A-7509-2009; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3079 EP 3088 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9704-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700005 ER PT J AU Choi, KS Liu, WN Sun, X Khaleel, MA Ren, Y Wang, YD AF Choi, K. S. Liu, W. N. Sun, X. Khaleel, M. A. Ren, Y. Wang, Y. D. TI Advanced Micromechanical Model for Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels with Application of In-Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Method SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; MULTIPHASE STEELS; TRIP STEELS; PHASE AB Compared to other advanced high-strength steels, transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels exhibit better ductility at a given strength level and can be used to produce complicated automotive parts. This enhanced formability comes from the transformation of retained austenite to martensite during plastic deformation. In this study, as a first step in predicting optimum processing parameters in TRIP steel productions, a micromechanical finite element model is developed based on the actual microstructure of a TRIP 800 steel. The method uses a microstructure-based representative volume element (RVE) to capture the complex deformation behavior of TRIP steels. The mechanical properties of the constituent phases of the TRIP 800 steel and the fitting parameters describing the martensite transformation kinetics are determined using the synchrotron-based in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) experiments performed under a uniaxial tensile deformation. The experimental results suggest that the HEXRD technique provides a powerful tool for characterizing the phase transformation behavior and the microstress developed due to the phase-to-phase interaction of TRIP steels during deformation. The computational results suggest that the response of the RVE well represents the overall macroscopic behavior of the TRIP 800 steel under deformation. The methodology described in this study may be extended for studying the effects of the various processing parameters on the macroscopic behaviors of TRIP steels. C1 [Choi, K. S.; Liu, W. N.; Sun, X.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Y. D.] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat MOE, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. RP Choi, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kyoosil.choi@pnl.gov RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3089 EP 3096 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9649-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700006 ER PT J AU Cheng, S Wang, XL Feng, ZL Clausen, B Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Cheng, Sheng Wang, Xun-Li Feng, Zhili Clausen, Bjorn Choo, Hahn Liaw, Peter K. TI Probing the Characteristic Deformation Behaviors of Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ASSISTED MULTIPHASE STEELS; RETAINED AUSTENITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; SUPERELASTIC NITI; TRIP STEELS; STRESS; STABILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The characteristic micromechanical behaviors of contrasting transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels were investigated under tensile loading by in-situ neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy in detail. As demonstrated by the lattice strain development from the neutron diffraction, in the TRIP steel with -10 pct RA, microyielding of soft ferrite was responsible for the first stress partition, but a second stress sharing was caused by effective martensitic transformation. In the TRIP steel with less than 5 pct RA, where the contribution from the martensitic transformation was minor, stress partition took place virtually between the ferrite and bainite phase. Probing with systematic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, we pin down the inherent correlation between the microstructural evolutions and the stress partition mechanism. Based on the experimental observations, the factors influencing the work-hardening behavior of TRIP steels are discussed. C1 [Cheng, Sheng; Choo, Hahn; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xun-Li] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Feng, Zhili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cheng, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM scheng1@utk.edu RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3105 EP 3112 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9604-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700008 ER PT J AU Nie, ZH Wang, YD Wang, GY Richardson, JW Wang, G Liu, YD Liaw, PK Zuo, L AF Nie, Z. H. Wang, Y. D. Wang, G. Y. Richardson, J. W. Wang, G. Liu, Y. D. Liaw, P. K. Zuo, L. TI Phase Transition and Texture Evolution in the Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Alloys Studied by a Neutron Diffraction Technique SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB The phase transition and influence of the applied stress on the texture evolution in the as-cast Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys were studied by the time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction technique. The neutron diffraction experiments were performed on the General Purpose Powder Diffractometer (Argonne National Laboratory). Inverse pole figures were determined from the neutron data for characterizing the orientation distributions and variant selections of polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga alloys subjected to different uniaxial compression deformations. Texture analyses reveal that the initial texture for the parent phase in the as-cast specimen was composed of was observed in the transformed martensite after a compression stress applied on the parent phase along the cyclindrical axis of the specimens. The preferred selection of variants can be well explained by considering the grain/variant-orientation-dependent Bain-distortion energy. C1 [Nie, Z. H.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, G. Y.; Liu, Y. D.; Zuo, L.] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat MOE, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Wang, G. Y.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Richardson, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nie, ZH (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat MOE, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@mail.neu.edu.cn RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011; Nie, Zhihua/G-9459-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 OI Nie, Zhihua/0000-0002-2533-933X; NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3113 EP 3119 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9600-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700009 ER PT J AU Jia, N Peng, RL Brown, DW Clausen, B Wang, YD AF Jia, N. Peng, R. Lin Brown, D. W. Clausen, B. Wang, Y. D. TI Tensile Deformation Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel Studied by In-Situ Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID SELF-CONSISTENT MODEL; RESIDUAL-STRESSES AB For a duplex alloy being subjected to deformation, the different mechanical behaviors of its constituent phases may lead to a nonuniform partition of stresses between phases. In addition, the grain-orientation-dependent elastic/plastic anisotropy in each phase may cause grain-to-grain interactions, which further modify the microscopic load partitioning between phases. In the current work, neutron diffraction experiments on the spectrometer for materials research at temperature and stress (SMARTS) were performed on an austenite-ferrite stainless steel for tracing the evolution of various microstresses during tensile loading, with particular emphasis on the load sharing among grains with different crystallographic orientations. The anisotropic elastic/plastic properties of the duplex steel were simulated using a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model that can predict the phase stress and the grain-orientation-dependent stress. Material parameters used for describing the constitutive laws of each phase were determined from the measured lattice strain distributions for different diffraction {hkl} planes as well as the laboratorial macroscopic stress-strain curve of the duplex steel. The present investigations provide in-depth understanding of the anisotropic micromechanical behavior of the duplex steel during tensile deformation. C1 [Jia, N.; Wang, Y. D.] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Peng, R. Lin] Linkoping Univ, Dept Mech Engn, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Brown, D. W.; Clausen, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jia, N (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. EM nanjia_neu@yahoo.com.cn RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3134 EP 3140 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9675-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700011 ER PT J AU Pratt, P Felicelli, SD Wang, L Hubbard, CR AF Pratt, P. Felicelli, S. D. Wang, L. Hubbard, C. R. TI Residual Stress Measurement of Laser-Engineered Net Shaping AISI 410 Thin Plates Using Neutron Diffraction SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID DEPOSITION; CONSTANTS AB In an attempt to relate the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) process parameters, laser power and laser travel speed, to the quality of LENS-produced parts, strain measurements were taken at several predetermined points within seven LENS AISI 410 thin plates using the neutron diffraction method. The residual stresses at these points were then calculated using the measured strain values to ascertain how the internal stress varies as a function of the input parameters and location. It is found that the component of the stress in the vertical direction (i.e., perpendicular to the raster direction of the laser/powder nozzle) is dominant, in agreement with previous reports, and relatively insensitive to variations in process parameters. This was confirmed with numerical simulations performed with a thermomechanical model developed using the commercial program SYSWELD. The simulations also showed a good qualitative agreement with the measured simulated stresses. C1 [Pratt, P.; Felicelli, S. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Felicelli, S. D.; Wang, L.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hubbard, C. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pratt, P (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM felicelli@me.msstate.edu RI Wang, Liang/A-8116-2010 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3155 EP 3163 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9660-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700014 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Barabash, RI Chung, JS Liaw, PK Choo, H Sun, Y Fan, C Li, L Brown, DW Ice, GE AF Lee, S. Y. Barabash, R. I. Chung, J. -S. Liaw, P. K. Choo, H. Sun, Y. Fan, C. Li, L. Brown, D. W. Ice, G. E. TI Neutron and X-ray Microbeam Diffraction Studies around a Fatigue-Crack Tip after Overload SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID CLOSURE; BEHAVIOR; MICRODIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS; ALLOY AB An in-situ neutron diffraction technique was used to investigate the lattice-strain distributions and plastic deformation around a crack tip after overload. The lattice-strain profiles around a crack tip were measured as a function of the applied load during the tensile loading cycles after overload. Dislocation densities calculated from the diffraction peak broadening were presented as a function of the distance from the crack tip. Furthermore, the crystallographic orientation variations were examined near a crack tip using polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction combined with differential aperture microscopy. Crystallographic tilts are considerably observed beneath the surface around a crack tip, and these are consistent with the high dislocation densities near the crack tip measured by neutron peak broadening. C1 [Lee, S. Y.; Liaw, P. K.; Choo, H.; Sun, Y.; Fan, C.; Li, L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Barabash, R. I.; Chung, J. -S.; Choo, H.; Ice, G. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Barabash, R. I.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chung, J. -S.] Soongsil Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156743, South Korea. [Brown, D. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM slee40@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3164 EP 3169 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9606-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700015 ER PT J AU Wang, G Wang, YD Ren, Y Liu, YD Liaw, PK AF Wang, Gang Wang, Yan-Dong Ren, Yang Liu, Yandong Liaw, Peter K. TI In-Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffuse-Scattering Study of the Phase Transition in a Ni2MnGa Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Crystal SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; ALLOY; MARTENSITE; GROWTH; TRANSFORMATIONS; DIFFRACTION; TEXTURES AB The full information on the changes in many crystallographic aspects, including the structural and microstructural characterizations, during the phase transformation is essential for understanding the phase transition and "memory" behavior in the ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys. In the present article, the defects-related microstructural features connected to the premartensitic and martensitic transition of a Ni2MnGa single crystal under a uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa applied along the [110] crystallographic direction were studied by the in-situ high-energy X-ray diffuse-scattering experiments. The analysis of the characteristics of diffuse-scattering patterns around different sharp Bragg spots suggests that the influences of some defect clusters on the pressure-induced phase-transition sequences of Ni2MnGa are significant. Our experiments show that an intermediate phase is produced during the premartensitic transition in the Ni2MnGa single crystal, which is favorable for the nucleation of a martensitic phase. The compression stress along the [110] direction of the Heusler phase can promote the premartensitic and martensitic transition of the Ni2MnGa single crystal. C1 [Wang, Gang; Wang, Yan-Dong; Liu, Yandong] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. EM wangg@smm.neu.edu.cn RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3184 EP 3190 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9670-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700018 ER PT J AU Pereloma, EV Miller, MK Timokhina, IB AF Pereloma, E. V. Miller, M. K. Timokhina, I. B. TI On the Decomposition of Martensite during Bake Hardening of Thermomechanically Processed Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Studies for Probing Materials Behavior held at the 137th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 09-SEP 13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP TMS ID FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; ATOM-PROBE ANALYSIS; RETAINED AUSTENITE; CARBON MARTENSITE; CARBIDE PRECIPITATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRIP STEELS; IRON; NB; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Thermomechanically processed (TMP) CMnSi transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels with and without additions of Nb, Mo, or Al were subjected to prestraining and bake hardening. Atom probe tomography (APT) revealed the presence of fine C-rich clusters in the martensite of all studied steels after the thermomechanical processing. After bake hardening, the formation of iron carbides, containing from 25 to 90 at. pct C, was observed. The evolution of iron carbide compositions was independent of steel composition and was a function of carbide size. C1 [Pereloma, E. V.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Mech Mat & Mechatron Engn, BlueScope Steel Met Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Timokhina, I. B.] Deakin Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat & Fibre Innovat, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. RP Pereloma, EV (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Mech Mat & Mechatron Engn, BlueScope Steel Met Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM elenap@uow.edu.au NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39A IS 13 BP 3210 EP 3216 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9663-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 371NT UT WOS:000260838700021 ER PT J AU Pierazzo, E Artemieva, N Asphaug, E Baldwin, EC Cazamias, J Coker, R Collins, GS Crawford, DA Davison, T Elbeshausen, D Holsapple, KA Housen, KR Korycansky, DG Wunnemann, K AF Pierazzo, E. Artemieva, N. Asphaug, E. Baldwin, E. C. Cazamias, J. Coker, R. Collins, G. S. Crawford, D. A. Davison, T. Elbeshausen, D. Holsapple, K. A. Housen, K. R. Korycansky, D. G. Wuennemann, K. TI Validation of numerical codes for impact and explosion cratering: Impacts on strengthless and metal targets SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bridging the Gap II Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2007 CL Canadian Space Agency, St Hubert, CANADA HO Canadian Space Agency ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; DUCTILE POROUS MATERIALS; VENUSIAN ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; MELT PRODUCTION; 3D MODELS; EQUATION; STATE; ASTEROIDS; FRACTURE AB Over the last few decades, rapid improvement of computer capabilities has allowed impact cratering to be modeled with increasing complexity and realism, and has paved the way for a new era of numerical modeling of the impact process, including Full, three-dimensional (3D) simulations. When properly benchmarked and validated against observation, computer models offer a powerful tool for understanding the mechanics of impact crater formation. This work presents results from the first phase of a project to benchmark and validate shock codes. A variety of 2D and 3D codes were used in this Study, from commercial products like AUTODYN, to codes developed within the scientific community like SOVA, SPH, ZEUS-MP, iSALE, and codes developed at U.S. National Laboratories like CTH, SAGE/RAGE, and ALE3D. Benchmark calculations of shock wave propagation in aluminum-on-aluminum impacts were performed to examine the agreement between codes for simple idealized problems. The benchmark simulations show that variability in code results is to be expected due to differences in the underlying solution algorithm of each code, artificial stability parameters, spatial and temporal resolution, and material models. Overall, the inter-code variability in peak shock pressure as a function of distance is around 10 to 20%. In general, if the impactor is resolved by at least 20 cells across its radius, the underestimation of peak shock pressure due to spatial resolution is less than 10%. In addition to the benchmark tests, three validation tests were performed to examine the ability of the codes to reproduce the time evolution of crater radius and depth observed in vertical laboratory impacts in water and two well-characterized aluminum alloys. Results from these calculations are in good agreement with experiments. There appears to be a general tendency of shock physics codes to underestimate the radius of the forming crater. Overall, the discrepancy between the model and experiment results is between 10 and 20%, similar to the inter-code variability. C1 [Pierazzo, E.; Artemieva, N.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Artemieva, N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Dynam Geospheres, Moscow 119334, Russia. [Asphaug, E.; Korycansky, D. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldwin, E. C.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Cazamias, J.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Coker, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Collins, G. S.; Davison, T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Crawford, D. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Elbeshausen, D.; Wuennemann, K.] Humboldt Univ, Nat Hist Museum, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Holsapple, K. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Housen, K. R.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Pierazzo, E (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM betty@psi.edu RI Davison, Thomas/A-9759-2012; OI Collins, Gareth/0000-0002-6087-6149 NR 58 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 25 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1917 EP 1938 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 419RS UT WOS:000264237700002 ER PT J AU Osinski, GR Kieniewicz, J Smith, JR Boslough, MBE Eccleston, M Schwarcz, HP Kleindienst, MR Haldemann, AFC Churcher, CS AF Osinski, Gordon R. Kieniewicz, Johanna Smith, Jennifer R. Boslough, Mark B. E. Eccleston, Mark Schwarcz, Henry P. Kleindienst, Maxine R. Haldemann, Albert F. C. Churcher, Charles S. TI The Dakhleh Glass: Product of an impact airburst or cratering event in the Western Desert of Egypt? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bridging the Gap II Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2007 CL Canadian Space Agency, St Hubert, CANADA HO Canadian Space Agency ID SHOCK METAMORPHISM; SOIL TEMPERATURES; LIBYAN DESERT; METEOR CRATER; PLEISTOCENE; GEOCHEMISTRY; AUSTRALIA; OBJECTS; ROCKS AB Impact cratering is a ubiquitous geological process oil the terrestrial planets. Meteorite impact craters are the most visible product of impact events, but there is a growing recognition that large aerial bursts or airbursts should occur relatively frequently throughout geological time. In this contribution, we report on an Unusual impact glass-the Dakhleh Glass (DG)-which is distributed over an area of similar to 400 km(2) of the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. This region preserves a rich history of habitation stretching back to over 400,000 years before the emergence of Homo sapiens. We report oil observations made during recent fieldwork and subsequent analytical analyses that strengthen previous Suggestions that the DG formed during all impact event. The wide distribution and large size of DG specimens (Lip to similar to 50 cm across), the chemistry (e.g., CaO and Al(2)O(3) contents up to similar to 25 and similar to 18 wt%, respectively), the presence of lechatelierite and burnt sediments, and the inclusion of clasts and spherules in the DG is inconsistent with known terrestrial processes of glass formation. The age and other textural characteristics rule out a human origin. Instead, we draw upon recent numerical modeling of airbursts to suggest that the properties of DG, Coupled with the absence of a confirmed crater, can best be explained by melting of surficial sediments as a result of a large airburst event. We Suggest that glass produced by such events should, therefore, be more common in the rock record than impact craters, assuming that the glass formed in a suitable preserving environment. C1 [Osinski, Gordon R.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Osinski, Gordon R.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Kieniewicz, Johanna] Denison Univ, Dept Geosci, Granville, OH 43023 USA. [Smith, Jennifer R.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Boslough, Mark B. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Eccleston, Mark] La Trobe Univ, Archaeol Program, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Schwarcz, Henry P.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Kleindienst, Maxine R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Churcher, Charles S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Haldemann, Albert F. C.] European Space Agcy, ESTEC HME ME, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Osinski, GR (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM gosinski@uwo.ca NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2089 EP 2106 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 419RS UT WOS:000264237700012 ER PT J AU Kunin, V Copeland, A Lapidus, A Mavromatis, K Hugenholtz, P AF Kunin, Victor Copeland, Alex Lapidus, Alla Mavromatis, Konstantinos Hugenholtz, Philip TI A Bioinformatician's Guide to Metagenomics SO MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; WHOLE-GENOME AMPLIFICATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; SHOTGUN SEQUENCES; BACTERIAL GENOMES AB As random shotgun metagenomic projects proliferate and become the dominant source of publicly available sequence data, procedures for the best practices in their execution and analysis become increasingly important. Based on our experience at the Joint Genome Institute, we describe the chain of decisions accompanying a metagenomic project from the viewpoint of the bioinformatic analysis step by step. We guide the reader through a standard workflow for a metagenomic project beginning with presequencing considerations such as community composition and sequence data type that will greatly influence downstream analyses. We proceed with recommendations for sampling and data generation including sample and metadata collection, community profiling, construction of shotgun libraries, and sequencing strategies. We then discuss the application of generic sequence processing steps (read preprocessing, assembly, and gene prediction and annotation) to metagenomic data sets in contrast to genome projects. Different types of data analyses particular to metagenomes are then presented, including binning, dominant population analysis, and gene-centric analysis. Finally, data management issues are presented and discussed. We hope that this review will assist bioinformaticians and biologists in making better-informed decisions on their journey during a metagenomic project. C1 [Kunin, Victor; Hugenholtz, Philip] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Copeland, Alex] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Qual Assurance Dept, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Lapidus, Alla] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Mavromatis, Konstantinos] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Genome Biol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM phugenholtz@lbl.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 FU University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC5207NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science and by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC5207NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06NA25396. NR 152 TC 172 Z9 182 U1 12 U2 103 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1092-2172 J9 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R JI Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 557 EP 578 DI 10.1128/MMBR.00009-08 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 379GO UT WOS:000261384900001 PM 19052320 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA Vurpillot, F AF Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Vurpillot, Francois TI Chromatic Aberrations in the Field Evaporation Behavior of Small Precipitates SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE atom probe tomography; 3D reconstruction; precipitates; alloys ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ATOM-PROBE; LOCAL MAGNIFICATION; ION MICROSCOPY; ALLOYS; TOMOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; PATTERNS; SURFACES; OVERLAPS; LATTICE AB Artifacts in the field evaporation behavior of small precipitates have limited the accuracy of atom probe tomography analysis of clusters and precipitates smaller than 2 nm. Here, we report on specific observations of reconstruction artifacts that were obtained in case of precipitates with radii less than 10 nm in Al alloys, focusing particularly on a shift that appears in the relative positioning of matrix and precipitate atoms. We show that this chemically dependent behavior, referred to as "chromatic aberration," is due to the electrostatic field above the emitter and the variations in field evaporation of the elements constituting the precipitates. C1 [Marquis, Emmanuelle A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Marquis, Emmanuelle A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Vurpillot, Francois] Inst Mat Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6634, Grp Phys Mat, F-76801 St Etienne, France. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM emmanuelle.marquis@materials.ox.ac.uk RI Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC0494AL85000]; EPSRC [EP/077664/1] FX E.A.M. thanks Mark Homer (Sandia National Laboratories) for his contribution to specimen preparation. The authors would also like to thank Alfred Cerezo for interesting discussions. This work was supported in part by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract no. DEAC0494AL85000. The OPAL U.K. facility for atomic scale analysis (EPSRC grant number EP/077664/1) was used for part of the work. NR 41 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1017/S1431927608080793 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 376EA UT WOS:000261164800009 PM 18986609 ER PT J AU Macey, JR Kuehl, JV Larson, A Robinson, MD Ugurtas, IH Ananjeva, NB Rahman, H Javed, HI Osmani, RM Doumma, A Papenfuss, TJ AF Macey, J. Robert Kuehl, Jennifer V. Larson, Allan Robinson, Michael D. Ugurtas, Ismail H. Ananjeva, Natalia B. Rahman, Hafizur Javed, Hamid Iqbal Osmani, Ridwan Mohamed Doumma, Ali Papenfuss, Theodore J. TI Socotra Island the forgotten fragment of Gondwana: Unmasking chameleon lizard history with complete mitochondrial genomic data SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Chamaeleonidae; Gondwana; Biogeography; Phylogeny ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; TESTING HYPOTHESES; LAUDAKIA-CAUCASIA; IRANIAN PLATEAU; AGAMID LIZARDS; SUBUNIT RNA; EVOLUTION; RADIATION; SEQUENCES C1 [Macey, J. Robert] Merritt Coll, Dept Biol, Oakland, CA 94619 USA. [Macey, J. Robert; Papenfuss, Theodore J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuehl, Jennifer V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Dept Evolutionary Genom, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Larson, Allan] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Robinson, Michael D.] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Biol, PC-123 Muscat, Oman. [Ugurtas, Ismail H.] Uludag Univ, Dept Biol, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey. [Ananjeva, Natalia B.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Rahman, Hafizur] Govt Pakistan, Zool Survey Dept, Karachi, Pakistan. [Javed, Hamid Iqbal] Govt Pakistan, Zool Survey Dept, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Osmani, Ridwan Mohamed] Amoud Univ, Borama, Somalia. [Doumma, Ali] Abdou Moumouni Univ Niamey, Fac Sci, Niamey, Niger. RP Macey, JR (reprint author), Merritt Coll, Dept Biol, 12500 Campus Dr, Oakland, CA 94619 USA. EM jrobertmacey@gmail.com FU American Institute for Yemeni Studies facilitated fieldwork in Yemen including Socotra Island; US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program; University of California; LLNL [W-7405-Eng48, DE-AC03-76SF00098, LANL No. W-7405-ENG-36] FX Eddy Rubin, James Bristow and Jeffery L. Boore provided support. Karen Klitz prepared Fig. 1. Craig L. Hassapakis assisted with GenBank submissions. H. Mathew Fourcade assisted with laboratory work. The American Institute for Yemeni Studies facilitated fieldwork in Yemen including Socotra Island. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program and by the University of California, LLNL under contract No. W-7405-Eng48, LBNL No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and LANL No. W-7405-ENG-36. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.024 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 383BA UT WOS:000261647900027 PM 18832039 ER PT J AU Dag, S Wang, LW AF Dag, S. Wang, Lin-Wang TI Modeling of Nanoscale Morphology of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) on a ZnO (10(1)over-bar0) Surface SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SOLAR-CELLS; CONJUGATED POLYMER; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; ZINC-OXIDE; AB-INITIO; SEMICONDUCTORS; DYNAMICS; TIO2 AB We report detailed ab initio calculations of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on top of a ZnO (10 (1) over bar0) surface. We studied different absorption sites and orientations. We found that the P3HT chain prefers to lay along the dimer row direction of the ZnO surface. We also found strong coupling between the P3HT molecule and the ZnO substrate in the conduction band states, while minimum coupling in the valence band states. C1 [Dag, S.; Wang, Lin-Wang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Sci Comp Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dag, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Sci Comp Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sdag@lbl.gov FU Department of Energy BES/SC [DE-AC02-05-CH11231] FX This work is supported by Department of Energy BES/SC under Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231. It uses the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4185 EP 4190 DI 10.1021/nl801700s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700017 PM 19368000 ER PT J AU Park, CH Giustino, F Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Park, Cheol-Hwan Giustino, Feliciano Cohen, Marvin L. Louie, Steven G. TI Electron-Phonon Interactions in Graphene, Bilayer Graphene, and Graphite SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; STATE; GAS AB Using first-principles techniques, we calculate the renormalization of the electron Fermi velocity and the vibrational lifetimes arising from electron-phonon interactions in doped bilayer graphene and in graphite and compare the results with the corresponding quantities in graphene. For similar levels of doping, the Fermi velocity renormalization in bilayer graphene and in graphite is found to be approximately 30% larger than that in graphene. In the case of bilayer graphene, this difference is shown to arise from the interlayer interaction. We discuss our findings in the light of recent photoemission and Raman spectroscopy experiments. C1 [Park, Cheol-Hwan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cheolwhan@civet.berkeley.edu RI Park, Cheol-Hwan/A-1543-2009; Giustino, Feliciano/F-6343-2013; OI Park, Cheol-Hwan/0000-0003-1584-6896; Giustino, Feliciano/0000-0001-9293-1176 FU NSF [DMR07-05941]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE- AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Eli Rotenberg, Jessica L. McChesney, Aaron Bostwick, Michel Cote, Jia-An Yan, and Jay Deep San for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR07-05941 and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE- AC02-05CH11231. Computational resources have been provided by the National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure (NPACI) and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). Part of the calculations were performed using modified versions of the Quantum-Espresso40,10 and the Wannie41 packages. C NR 43 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4229 EP 4233 DI 10.1021/nl801884n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700025 PM 19368001 ER PT J AU Beard, MC Blackburn, JL Heben, MJ AF Beard, Matthew C. Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Heben, Michael J. TI Photogenerated Free Carrier Dynamics in Metal and Semiconductor Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NETWORKS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; GAAS; CONDUCTIVITY; ROPES AB Time-resolved THz spectroscopy (TRTS) is employed to study the photogenerated charge-carrier dynamics in transparent films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Two films were investigated: a film with 94% semiconducting-type tubes (s-SWNTs) and a film with only 7% s-SWNT and 93% metal-type tubes (m-SWNTs). We conclude that charge-carriers are generated with > 60% yields at low light intensities in both films. Free-carriers are generated by a linear exciton dissociation process that occurs within similar to 1 ps and is independent of excitation wavelength or tube type. C1 [Beard, Matthew C.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Heben, Michael J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Beard, MC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM matt_beard@nrel.gov RI Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012; OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08G028308] FX We thank Garry Rumbles, Andrew Ferguson, and Randy Ellingson for useful discussions. Funding for this work was generously provided by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC36-08G028308 to the National Renewable Energy. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4238 EP 4242 DI 10.1021/nl801913y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700027 PM 19367928 ER PT J AU Han, S Xiong, Y Genov, D Liu, ZW Bartal, G Zhang, X AF Han, Seunghoon Xiong, Yi Genov, Dentcho Liu, Zhaowei Bartal, Guy Zhang, Xiang TI Ray Optics at a Deep-Subwavelength Scale: A Transformation Optics Approach SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD; METAMATERIALS; ELECTRONICS; HYPERLENS; INDEX AB We present a transformation optics approach for molding the light flow at the deep-subwavelength scale, using metamaterials with uniquely designed dispersion. By conformal transformation of the electromagnetic space, we develop a methodology for realizing subwavelength ray optics with curved ray trajectories. This enables deep-subwavelength-scale beams to flow through two- or three-dimensional spaces. C1 [Han, Seunghoon; Xiong, Yi; Genov, Dentcho; Liu, Zhaowei; Bartal, Guy; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Han, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Liu, Zhaowei/A-8521-2010; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH 11231]; Scalable and Integrated Nano Manufacturing (SINAM) [0327077]; Korean Government [KRF-2006-214-DO0119] FX This work was mainly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0205CH 11231, and in partial support from the NSF Centre for Scalable and Integrated Nano Manufacturing (SINAM) (Grant No. DMI-0327077). Dr. S. Han thanks the support from the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government, KRF-2006-214-DO0119. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4243 EP 4247 DI 10.1021/nl801942x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700028 PM 19367843 ER PT J AU Yoon, D Moon, H Son, YW Samsonidze, G Park, BH Kim, JB Lee, Y Cheong, H AF Yoon, Duhee Moon, Hyerim Son, Young-Woo Samsonidze, G. Park, Bae Ho Kim, Jin Bae Lee, YoungPak Cheong, Hyeonsik TI Strong Polarization Dependence of Double-Resonant Raman Intensities in Graphene SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; DIRAC FERMIONS; SINGLE-WALL; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; GRAPHITE; LAYER AB Spatially resolved and polarized micro-Raman spectroscopy on microcrystalline graphene shows strong polarization dependences of double-resonance Raman intensities. The Raman intensity of the double-resonant 2D band is maximum when the excitation and detection polarizations are parallel and minimum when they are orthogonal, whereas that of the G band is isotropic. A calculation shows that this strong polarization dependence is a direct consequence of inhomogeneous optical absorption and emission mediated by electron-phonon interactions involved in the second-order Stokes-Stokes Raman scattering process. C1 [Son, Young-Woo; Park, Bae Ho] Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Yoon, Duhee; Cheong, Hyeonsik] Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Son, Young-Woo] Korea Inst Adv Study, Seoul 130722, South Korea. [Samsonidze, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Samsonidze, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Jin Bae; Lee, YoungPak] Hanyang Univ, Quantum Photon Sci Res Ctr, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Son, YW (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM hand@kias.re.kr; hcheong@sogang.ac.kr RI son, Young-Woo/B-2566-2010; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012; Park, Bae Ho/D-4840-2011; Samsonidze, Georgy/G-3613-2016 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044; Samsonidze, Georgy/0000-0002-3759-1794 FU Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2007-314-C00093]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) [R01-2007-000-10654-0]; MEST [2008-03717, R0A-2008-000-20052-0] FX This work was supported in part by Korea Research Foundation (no. KRF-2007-314-C00093). Y.-W.S. is supported in part by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea (government (MEST) no. R01-2007-000-10654-0. J.B.K., Y.P.L., and H.C. are supported in part by KOSEF grant funded by MEST (Quanturn Photonic Science Research Center). D.Y. and H.C. are supported in part by Nano R&D program through KOSEF funded by MEST (2008-03717). C, Zn B.H.P. was supported by the KOSEF NRL Program grant Z funded by MEST (No. R0A-2008-000-20052-0). NR 29 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4270 EP 4274 DI 10.1021/nl8017498 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700033 PM 19368002 ER PT J AU Cho, H Baker, BR Wachsmann-Hogiu, S Pagba, CV Laurence, TA Lane, SM Lee, LP Tok, JBH AF Cho, Hansang Baker, Brian R. Wachsmann-Hogiu, Sebastian Pagba, Cynthia V. Laurence, Ted A. Lane, Stephen M. Lee, Luke P. Tok, Jeffrey B. -H. TI Aptamer-Based SERRS Sensor for Thrombin Detection SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILVER ELECTRODE; METHYLENE-BLUE; DNA; RNA; MOLECULES; COCAINE; BINDING; PROBES AB We describe an aptamer-based surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) sensor with high sensitivity, specificity, and stability for the detection of a coagulation protein, human alpha-thrombin. The sensor achieves high sensitivity and a limit of detection of 100 pM by monitoring the SERRS signal change upon the single-step of thrombin binding to immobilized thrombin binding aptamer. The selectivity of the sensor is demonstrated by the specific discrimination of thrombin from other protein analytes. The specific recognition and binding of thrombin by the thrombin binding aptamer is essential to the mechanism of the aptamer-based sensor, as shown through measurements using negative control oligonucleotides. In addition, the sensor can detect 1 nM thrombin in the presence of complex biofluids, such as 10% fetal calf serum, demonstrating that the immobilized, 5'-capped, 3'-capped aptamer is sufficiently robust for clinical diagnostic applications. C1 [Cho, Hansang; Lee, Luke P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Biomol Nanotechnol Ctr, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cho, Hansang; Baker, Brian R.; Laurence, Ted A.; Lane, Stephen M.; Tok, Jeffrey B. -H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cho, Hansang; Wachsmann-Hogiu, Sebastian; Pagba, Cynthia V.; Lane, Stephen M.; Tok, Jeffrey B. -H.] Univ Calif Davis, NSF, Ctr Biophoton, Davis, CA 95817 USA. RP Lee, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Biomol Nanotechnol Ctr, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley 408C Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lplee@berkeley.edu; jeff.tok@micropointbio.com RI Baker, Brian/C-1628-2009; Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA151459]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI065359, U54 AI065359] NR 36 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 10 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4386 EP 4390 DI 10.1021/nl802245w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700052 PM 19367849 ER PT J AU Bozovic, N Bozovic, I Misewich, J AF Bozovic, Natasha Bozovic, Ivan Misewich, James TI X-ray Nanocrystallography of Individual Carbon Nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULES; EMISSION AB By numerical simulations, we show that with the next-generation synchrotron sources one should be able to record within minutes an X-ray diffraction pattern of a single nanotube and from it decipher its detailed atomic structure. In calculated diffractograms we can even discern signatures of presence of a single adatom and locate its position. New synchrotrons will allow the existing method of electron nanocrystallography to be undertaken using X-ray beams, thus facilitating in situ environmental studies. C1 [Bozovic, Natasha; Bozovic, Ivan; Misewich, James] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bozovic, Natasha] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Bozovic, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bozovic@bnl.gov FU BNL LDRD program FX We are grateful to N. D'Imperio and R. Sundling for technical help, to C.C. Kao and C. Nelson for useful discussion, and to J. Davenport for access to Galaxy cluster. This work was supported by the BNL LDRD program. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4477 EP 4482 DI 10.1021/nl802428u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700067 PM 19367933 ER PT J AU Chueh, YL Ford, AC Ho, JC Jacobson, ZA Fan, Z Chen, CY Chou, LJ Javey, A AF Chueh, Yu-Lun Ford, Alexandra C. Ho, Johnny C. Jacobson, Zachery A. Fan, Zhiyong Chen, Chih-Yen Chou, Li-Jen Javey, Ali TI Formation and Characterization of NixInAs/InAs Nanowire Heterostructures by Solid Source Reaction SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CARBON NANOTUBES; ARRAYS; INTEGRATION; CONTACT; DEVICES; SCALE AB The formation of crystalline NixInAs and NixInAs/InAs/NixInAs heterostructure nanowires by the solid source reaction of InAs nanowires with Ni is reported for the first time. The fundamental kinetics of the Ni/InAs alloying reaction is explored, with the Ni diffusion reported as the rate determining step. The diffusivity of Ni is independent of the nanowire diameter, with an extracted diffusion activation energy of similar to 1 eV/atom. The metallic NixInAs exhibits a modest resistivity of similar to 167 mu Omega.cm for diameters >30 nm, with the resistivity increasing as the nanowire diameter is further reduced due to the enhanced surface scattering. The alloying reaction readily enables the fabrication of NixInAs/InAs/NixInAs heterostructure nanowire transistors for which the length of the InAs segment (i.e., channel length) is controllably reduced through subsequent thermal annealing steps, therefore enabling a systematic study of electrical properties as a function of channel length. From the electrical transport studies, an electron mean free path on the order of a few hundred nm is observed for InAs NWs with a unit length normalized, ON-state resistance of similar to 7.5 k Omega/mu m. This approach presents a route toward the fabrication for high performance InAs nanowire transistors with ohmic nanoscale contacts and low parasitic capacitances and resistances. C1 [Chueh, Yu-Lun; Ford, Alexandra C.; Ho, Johnny C.; Jacobson, Zachery A.; Fan, Zhiyong; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chueh, Yu-Lun; Ford, Alexandra C.; Ho, Johnny C.; Jacobson, Zachery A.; Fan, Zhiyong; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chueh, Yu-Lun; Ford, Alexandra C.; Ho, Johnny C.; Jacobson, Zachery A.; Fan, Zhiyong; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Chih-Yen; Chou, Li-Jen] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Fan, Zhiyong/C-4970-2012; Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; Chueh, Yu-Lun/E-2053-2013; OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794; Chueh, Yu-Lun/0000-0002-0155-9987; Fan, Zhiyong/0000-0002-5397-0129 FU MARCO/MSD Focus Center-Research Program; Intel Graduate Fellowship; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX This work was supported by MARCO/MSD Focus Center-Research Program, Intel Corporation, and Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center. J.C.H. acknowledges an Intel Graduate Fellowship. The synthesis part of this work was supported by a LDRD from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All fabrication was performed at the UC Berkeley Microlab facility. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4528 EP 4533 DI 10.1021/nl802681x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700076 PM 19367855 ER PT J AU Meister, S Schoen, DT Topinka, MA Minor, AM Cui, Y AF Meister, Stefan Schoen, David T. Topinka, Mark A. Minor, Andrew M. Cui, Yi TI Void Formation Induced Electrical Switching in Phase-Change Nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE GETE FILMS; GERMANIUM TELLURIDE; MEMORY; NONVOLATILE; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; STORAGE; GROWTH AB Solid-state structural transformation coupled with an electronic property change is an important mechanism for nonvolatile information storage technologies, such as phase-change memories. Here we exploit phase-change GeTe single-nanowire devices combined with ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy to correlate directly nanoscale structural transformations with electrical switching and discover surprising results. Instead of crystalline-amorphous transformation, the dominant switching mechanism during multiple cycling appears to be the opening and closing of voids in the nanowires due to material migration, which offers a new mechanism for memory. During switching, composition change and the formation of banded structural defects are observed in addition to the expected crystal-amorphous transformation. Our method and results are important to phase-change memories specifically, but also to any device whose operation relies on a small scale structural transformation. C1 [Meister, Stefan; Schoen, David T.; Cui, Yi] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Topinka, Mark A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cui, Y (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM yicui@stanford.edu RI Cui, Yi/L-5804-2013 OI Cui, Yi/0000-0002-6103-6352 NR 26 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 4562 EP 4567 DI 10.1021/nl802808f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 382UK UT WOS:000261630700082 PM 19367977 ER PT J AU Hurlbut, D AF Hurlbut, David TI A Look Behind the Texas Renewable Portfolio Standard: A Case Study SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A renewable portfolio standard (RPS-a statutory requirement to achieve a renewable energy goal by a certain date - is the tool of choice for many state policy makers concerned about climate change and the role played by electric generation. Texas enacted its RPS in 1999, since that time, it has added the most renewable capacity of any state and has rapidly outpaced its statutory goals. The numbers do not tell the whole story, however. This article examines the Texas RPS from two public policy perspectives seldom addressed in previous studies: the politics that shaped the statute creating the RPS and threshold judgments made by the agency implementing the statute. One factor crucial to the political fortunes of the RPS in the Texas Legislature was strategic linkage, that is, associating the RPS with related issues that had ascended high on the legislative agenda, such as competitive restructuring of the state's electricity market. Once the RPS was enacted, the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) aimed to build a practical policy framework in which renewable energy development overall would be a response both to the RPS mandate and to customer-driven demand. The PUCT adopted a "carrot and stick" approach, imposing penalties for falling short of mandated goals, while at the same time creating a portfolio of measures to ensure that the market was fully able to respond to consumer demand. The Texas experience suggests that economically sustainable renewable energy is the true underlying objective of an RPS; building competition in to RPS implementation promotes economic efficiency and increases demand for renewable energy, an RPS, a system of renewable energy credits and green-power policies works best as an integrated package, the regime of rules needs to be stable, and an RPS goal need not be ambitious in order to succeed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Hurlbut, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCH LAW, MSC 11-6070, 1 UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-0001 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 129 EP 161 PG 33 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 370BJ UT WOS:000260737400006 ER PT J AU Romeo, S Kozlitina, J Xing, C Pertsemlidis, A Cox, D Pennacchio, LA Boerwinkle, E Cohen, JC Hobbs, HH AF Romeo, Stefano Kozlitina, Julia Xing, Chao Pertsemlidis, Alexander Cox, David Pennacchio, Len A. Boerwinkle, Eric Cohen, Jonathan C. Hobbs, Helen H. TI Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LIPID ACYL HYDROLASE; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; FAMILY-MEMBERS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; PATATIN; EXPRESSION AB Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning health problem of unknown etiology that varies in prevalence among ancestry groups. To identify genetic variants contributing to differences in hepatic fat content, we carried out a genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous sequence variations (n = 9,229) in a population comprising Hispanic, African American and European American individuals. An allele in PNPLA3 (rs738409[G], encoding I148M) was strongly associated with increased hepatic fat levels (P = 5.9 x 10(-10)) and with hepatic inflammation (P = 3.7 x 10(-4)). The allele was most common in Hispanics, the group most susceptible to NAFLD; hepatic fat content was more than twofold higher in PNPLA3 rs738409[G] homozygotes than in noncarriers. Resequencing revealed another allele of PNPLA3 (rs6006460[T], encoding S453I) that was associated with lower hepatic fat content in African Americans, the group at lowest risk of NAFLD. Thus, variation in PNPLA3 contributes to ancestry-related and inter-individual differences in hepatic fat content and susceptibility to NAFLD. C1 [Romeo, Stefano; Xing, Chao; Pertsemlidis, Alexander; Cohen, Jonathan C.; Hobbs, Helen H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Donald W Reynolds Cardiovasc Clin Res Ctr, Eugene McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Kozlitina, Julia; Xing, Chao] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Clin Sci, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Kozlitina, Julia] So Methodist Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Cox, David] Perlegen Sci, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Pennacchio, Len A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pennacchio, Len A.] US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hobbs, Helen H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Hobbs, HH (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Donald W Reynolds Cardiovasc Clin Res Ctr, Eugene McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM jonathan.cohen@utsouthwestern.edu; helen.hobbs@utsouthwestern.edu RI Romeo, Stefano/L-6861-2015; OI Romeo, Stefano/0000-0001-9168-4898; Pertsemlidis, Alexander/0000-0003-1624-9372 FU Donald W. Reynolds Foundation; US National Institutes of Health [RL1HL-092550, 1PL1DK081182, HL-20948]; US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Program for Genomic Applications [HL-066681]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank T. Hyatt, J. Martin, W. Schackwitz, A. Ustaszewska, C. Wright and the team at Perlegen Sciences for technical assistance. We thank K. Lawson for the statistical analysis of the data from the ARIC study. We thank J. Horton and D. Hinds for helpful discussions. We are grateful to the staff and participants of the Dallas Heart Study and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study for their contributions. This work was supported by grants from the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, the US National Institutes of Health (RL1HL-092550, 1PL1DK081182 and HL-20948), the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Program for Genomic Applications (HL-066681) and the US Department of Energy (Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 29 TC 883 Z9 903 U1 7 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1461 EP 1465 DI 10.1038/ng.257 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 376XI UT WOS:000261215900023 PM 18820647 ER PT J AU Shan, ZW Adesso, G Cabot, A Sherburne, MP Asif, SAS Warren, OL Chrzan, DC Minor, AM Alivisatos, AP AF Shan, Z. W. Adesso, G. Cabot, A. Sherburne, M. P. Asif, S. A. Syed Warren, O. L. Chrzan, D. C. Minor, A. M. Alivisatos, A. P. TI Ultrahigh stress and strain in hierarchically structured hollow nanoparticles SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; SILICON NANOSPHERES; TENSILE DUCTILITY; DEFORMATION; METALS; NANOINDENTATION; PLASTICITY; NANOSCALE AB Nanocrystalline materials offer very high strength but are typically limited in their strain to failure, and efforts to improve deformability in these materials are usually found to be at the expense of strength. Using a combination of quantitative in situ compression in a transmission electron microscope and finite-element analysis, we show that the mechanical properties of nanoparticles can be directly measured and interpreted on an individual basis. We find that nanocrystalline CdS synthesized into a spherical shell geometry is capable of withstanding extreme stresses (approaching the ideal shear strength of CdS). This unusual strength enables the spherical shells to exhibit considerable deformation to failure (up to 20% of the sphere's diameter). By taking into account the structural hierarchy intrinsic to novel nanocrystalline materials such as this, we show it is possible to achieve and characterize the ultrahigh stresses and strains that exist within a single nanoparticle during deformation. C1 [Shan, Z. W.; Minor, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shan, Z. W.; Cabot, A.; Chrzan, D. C.; Minor, A. M.; Alivisatos, A. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shan, Z. W.; Asif, S. A. Syed; Warren, O. L.] Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA. [Adesso, G.; Cabot, A.; Alivisatos, A. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sherburne, M. P.; Chrzan, D. C.; Minor, A. M.; Alivisatos, A. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Minor, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aminor@berkeley.edu RI Shan, Zhiwei/B-8799-2014; andreu, cabot/B-5683-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; cabot, andreu /0000-0002-7533-3251 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Department of Energy; SBIR Phase II [DE-FG02-04ER83979]; DOE; Materials Science and Engineering Division of BES; Scientific User Facilities Division of BES [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR 0304629] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), of the US Department of Energy. The in situ experiments and development of the holder were supported by SBIR Phase II grant DE-FG02-04ER83979 awarded to Hysitron, Inc. (DOE support of this project does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this article). Synthesis of the materials was supported by the Materials Science and Engineering Division of BES and the in situ experiments and TEM work were supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of BES, both under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Modelling and theory were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 0304629. This article is dedicated to the memory of our young colleague in this project, G. A., who was tragically killed in a car accident. NR 27 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 14 U2 124 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 7 IS 12 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1038/nmat2295 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 375PZ UT WOS:000261127100015 PM 18931673 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Huang, Q de la Cruz, C Li, SL Lynn, JW Chen, Y Green, MA Chen, GF Li, G Li, Z Luo, JL Wang, NL Dai, PC AF Zhao, Jun Huang, Q. de la Cruz, Clarina Li, Shiliang Lynn, J. W. Chen, Y. Green, M. A. Chen, G. F. Li, G. Li, Z. Luo, J. L. Wang, N. L. Dai, Pengcheng TI Structural and magnetic phase diagram of CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x) and its relation to high-temperature superconductivity SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Recently, high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity was discovered in the iron pnictide RFeAsO(1-x)F(x) (R, rare-earth metal) family of materials. We use neutron scattering to study the structural and magnetic phase transitions in CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x) as the system is tuned from a semimetal to a high-T(c) superconductor through fluorine (F) doping, x. In the undoped state, CeFeAsO develops a structural lattice distortion followed by a collinear antiferromagnetic order with decreasing temperature. With increasing fluorine doping, the structural phase transition decreases gradually and vanishes within the superconductivity dome near x D 0 : 10, whereas the antiferromagnetic order is suppressed before the appearance of superconductivity for x > 0.06, resulting in an electronic phase diagram remarkably similar to that of the high-T(c) copper oxides. Comparison of the structural evolution of CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x) with other Fe-based superconductors suggests that the structural perfection of the Fe-As tetrahedron is important for the high-T(c) superconductivity in these Fe pnictides. C1 [Zhao, Jun; de la Cruz, Clarina; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Chen, Y.; Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [de la Cruz, Clarina; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Y.; Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, G. F.; Li, G.; Li, Z.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; li, zheng/F-5189-2012; dela Cruz, Clarina/C-2747-2013; Li, Gang/E-3033-2015 OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; dela Cruz, Clarina/0000-0003-4233-2145; FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-0756568]; US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202]; US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences ITSNEM; Ministry of Science and Technology of China FX We thank E. Dagotto, A. Moreo, R. Fishman and T. Maier for helpful discussions. We also thank J.L.Zarestky for his help on the HB-3 measurements. This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation through DMR-0756568 and by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences, through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202. This work is also supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences. The work at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is supported by the National Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ITSNEM and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. NR 44 TC 562 Z9 566 U1 14 U2 151 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 7 IS 12 BP 953 EP 959 DI 10.1038/nmat2315 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 375PZ UT WOS:000261127100016 PM 18953342 ER PT J AU Saiz, EG Gregori, G Gericke, DO Vorberger, J Barbrel, B Clarke, RJ Freeman, RR Glenzer, SH Khattak, FY Koenig, M Landen, OL Neely, D Neumayer, P Notley, MM Pelka, A Price, D Roth, M Schollmeier, M Spindloe, C Weber, RL van Woerkom, L Wunsch, K Riley, D AF Saiz, E. Garcia Gregori, G. Gericke, D. O. Vorberger, J. Barbrel, B. Clarke, R. J. Freeman, R. R. Glenzer, S. H. Khattak, F. Y. Koenig, M. Landen, O. L. Neely, D. Neumayer, P. Notley, M. M. Pelka, A. Price, D. Roth, M. Schollmeier, M. Spindloe, C. Weber, R. L. van Woerkom, L. Wuensch, K. Riley, D. TI Probing warm dense lithium by inelastic X-ray scattering SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; LIQUID-METALS; PLASMAS; SIMULATION; FUSION AB One of the grand challenges of contemporary physics is understanding strongly interacting quantum systems comprising such diverse examples as ultracold atoms in traps, electrons in high-temperature superconductors and nuclear matter(1). Warm dense matter, defined by temperatures of a few electron volts and densities comparable with solids, is a complex state of such interacting matter(2). Moreover, the study of warm dense matter states has practical applications for controlled thermonuclear fusion, where it is encountered during the implosion phase(3), and it also represents laboratory analogues of astrophysical environments found in the core of planets and the crusts of old stars(4,5). Here we demonstrate how warm dense matter states can be diagnosed and structural properties can be obtained by inelastic X-ray scattering measurements on a compressed lithium sample. Combining experiments and ab initio simulations enables us to determine its microscopic state and to evaluate more approximate theoretical models for the ionic structure. C1 [Gregori, G.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Saiz, E. Garcia; Riley, D.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Gregori, G.; Clarke, R. J.; Neely, D.; Notley, M. M.; Spindloe, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gericke, D. O.; Vorberger, J.; Wuensch, K.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Ctr Fus Space & Astrphys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Barbrel, B.; Koenig, M.] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Laser Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Freeman, R. R.; Weber, R. L.; van Woerkom, L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Glenzer, S. H.; Landen, O. L.; Neumayer, P.; Price, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Khattak, F. Y.] Kohat Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohat 26000, NWFP, Pakistan. [Pelka, A.; Roth, M.; Schollmeier, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Gregori, G (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM g.gregori1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Vorberger, Jan/D-9162-2015; Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; KHATTAK, Fida Younus/L-2404-2015 OI Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; FU EPSRC; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; US DOE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX This work was partially supported by EPSRC grants and by the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. Additional support from the US DOE and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is also acknowledged. We thank the Vulcan operation, engineering and target fabrication groups for their support during the experiment. NR 30 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 4 IS 12 BP 940 EP 944 DI 10.1038/nphys1103 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 379GZ UT WOS:000261386000016 ER PT J AU Allshire, RC Karpen, GH AF Allshire, Robin C. Karpen, Gary H. TI Epigenetic regulation of centromeric chromatin: old dogs, new tricks? SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID CENP-A CHROMATIN; NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PATHWAYS; FISSION YEAST; CELL-CYCLE; HISTONE H3; IN-VITRO; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS; FUNCTIONAL CENTROMERES; COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AB The assembly of just a single kinetochore at the centromere of each sister chromatid is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Surprisingly, despite their vital function, centromeres show considerable plasticity with respect to their chromosomal locations and activity. The establishment and maintenance of centromeric chromatin, and therefore the location of kinetochores, is epigenetically regulated. The histone H3 variant CENP-A is the key determinant of centromere identity and kinetochore assembly. Recent studies have identified many factors that affect CENP-A localization, but their precise roles in this process are unknown. We build on these advances and on new information about the timing of CENP-A assembly during the cell cycle to propose new models for how centromeric chromatin is established and propagated. C1 [Allshire, Robin C.] Univ Edinburgh, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Biol, Inst Cell Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Midlothian, Scotland. [Karpen, Gary H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Karpen, Gary H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Allshire, RC (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Biol, Inst Cell Biol, Sch Biol Sci, 6-34 Swann Bldg,Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Midlothian, Scotland. EM robin.allshire@ed.ac.uk; karpen@fruitfly.org FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066272, R01 GM066272-05]; Wellcome Trust [065061/Z, 065061] NR 124 TC 275 Z9 279 U1 6 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 12 BP 923 EP 937 DI 10.1038/nrg2466 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 374IO UT WOS:000261037200011 PM 19002142 ER PT J AU Singer, AU Rohde, JR Lam, R Skarina, T Kagan, O DiLeo, R Chirgadze, NY Cuff, ME Joachimiak, A Tyers, M Sansonetti, PJ Parsot, C Savchenko, A AF Singer, Alexander U. Rohde, John R. Lam, Robert Skarina, Tatiana Kagan, Olga DiLeo, Rosa Chirgadze, Nickolay Y. Cuff, Marianne E. Joachimiak, Andrzej Tyers, Mike Sansonetti, Philippe J. Parsot, Claude Savchenko, Alexei TI Structure of the Shigella T3SS effector IpaH defines a new class of E3 ubiquitin ligases SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION APPARATUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CONJUGATING ENZYMES; REFINEMENT; MODEL; SPECIFICITY; PROTEINS; FLEXNERI; EXPRESSION; IMMUNITY AB IpaH proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases delivered by the type III secretion apparatus into host cells upon infection of humans by the Gram-negative pathogen Shigella flexneri. These proteins comprise a variable leucine-rich repeat-containing N-terminal domain and a conserved C-terminal domain harboring an invariant cysteine residue that is crucial for activity. IpaH homologs are encoded by diverse animal and plant pathogens. Here we demonstrate that the IpaH C-terminal domain carries the catalytic activity for ubiquitin transfer and that the N-terminal domain carries the substrate specificity. The structure of the IpaH C-terminal domain, determined to 2.65-A resolution, represents an all-helical fold bearing no resemblance to previously defined E3 ubiquitin ligases. The conserved and essential cysteine residue lies on a flexible, surface-exposed loop surrounded by conserved acidic residues, two of which are crucial for IpaH activity. C1 [Singer, Alexander U.; Skarina, Tatiana; Kagan, Olga; DiLeo, Rosa; Savchenko, Alexei] Univ Toronto, Ontario Ctr Struct Prote, Midwest Ctr Struct Prote, Banting & Best Dept Med Res,CH Best Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada. [Rohde, John R.; Tyers, Mike] Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Lam, Robert; Chirgadze, Nickolay Y.] Ontario Canc Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. [Chirgadze, Nickolay Y.] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Cuff, Marianne E.; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cuff, Marianne E.; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sansonetti, Philippe J.; Parsot, Claude] Inst Pasteur, Unite Pathogenie Microbienne Mol, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Sansonetti, Philippe J.; Parsot, Claude] INSERM, U786, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RP Savchenko, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ontario Ctr Struct Prote, Midwest Ctr Struct Prote, Banting & Best Dept Med Res,CH Best Inst, Room 24,112 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada. EM alexei.savchenko@utoronto.ca RI Rohde, John/F-1479-2013 FU US National Institutes of Health [GM62414-01]; Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MT012466, MOP- 57795]; National Cancer Institute of Canada; Royal Society and the Scottish Universities Life Sciences Alliance FX We wish to thank the staff at the Argonne National Laboratory beam line 19- ID for assistance with data collection and A. Edwards for critical reading of the manuscript. We also wish to thank S. Dhe- Paganon and G. Avvakumov at the Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, for providing the collection of expression constructs for human E2- conjugating enzymes. We thank D. Briant for insight to E3 ubiquitination assays. This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health Grants GM62414- 01, by the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund and by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant. M. T. is supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MT012466 and MOP- 57795), the National Cancer Institute of Canada, the Royal Society and the Scottish Universities Life Sciences Alliance. NR 41 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1293 EP 1301 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1511 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 379GE UT WOS:000261383900016 PM 18997778 ER PT J AU Xu, Z Page, RC Gomes, MM Kohli, E Nix, JC Herr, AB Patterson, C Misra, S AF Xu, Zhen Page, Richard C. Gomes, Michelle M. Kohli, Ekta Nix, Jay C. Herr, Andrew B. Patterson, Cam Misra, Saurav TI Structural basis of nucleotide exchange and client binding by the Hsp70 cochaperone Bag2 SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE; CHAPERONE; CHIP; SOFTWARE; NMR; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; FRAGMENT AB Cochaperones are essential for Hsp70-and Hsc70-mediated folding of proteins and include nucleotide-exchange factors (NEFs) that assist protein folding by accelerating ADP-ATP exchange on Hsp70. The cochaperone Bag2 binds misfolded Hsp70 clients and also acts as an NEF, but the molecular basis for its function is unclear. We show that, rather than being a member of the Bag domain family, Bag2 contains a new type of Hsp70 NEF domain, which we call the 'brand new bag' (BNB) domain. Free and Hsc70-bound crystal structures of Bag2-BNB show its dimeric structure, in which a flanking linker helix and loop bind to Hsc70 to promote nucleotide exchange. NMR analysis demonstrates that the client binding sites and Hsc70-interaction sites of the Bag2-BNB overlap, and that Hsc70 can displace clients from Bag2-BNB, indicating a distinct mechanism for the regulation of Hsp70-mediated protein folding by Bag2. C1 [Xu, Zhen; Page, Richard C.; Kohli, Ekta; Misra, Saurav] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Mol Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Gomes, Michelle M.; Herr, Andrew B.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Nix, Jay C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Biol Consortium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Patterson, Cam] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Cardiovasc Biol Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Patterson, Cam] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pharmacol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Patterson, Cam] Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Patterson, Cam] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Misra, S (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Mol Cardiol, NB50,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM misras@ccf.org OI Misra, Saurav/0000-0002-1385-8554; Herr, Andrew/0000-0002-3598-3399; Page, Richard/0000-0002-3006-3171 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM080271, R01 GM061728, R01-GM61728, R01-GM080271, R01 GM080271-01A1] NR 41 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1309 EP 1317 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1518 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 379GE UT WOS:000261383900018 PM 19029896 ER PT J AU Donald, PA Patananan, AN Cerna, CA Simmons, T Castro, N Wilgar, JL Goheen, C AF Donald, P. A. Patananan, A. N. Cerna, C. A. Simmons, T. Castro, N. Wilgar, J. L. Goheen, C. TI PROTEIN COMPARISON OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE POPULATIONS USING SDS-PAGE SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Heterodera glycines; SCN; variability AB Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) represents one of the most serious threats to predictable soybean yield in the United States. Originally discovered in North Carolina during 1954, intraspecific SCN population variability was soon noted. To reduce SCN crop damage, multiple agriculture techniques have been exploited. Of these, resistant varieties and rotation to non host crops have been the most effective in reducing the SCN egg population density. However, no single strategy is effective due to variation in SCN populations, lack of complete resistance, and economics of non host crop production. Although it is well accepted that dissimilarities in virulence phenotypes are not associated with any morphological distinctions, knowledge of biochemical characterization of SCN populations is lacking. Therefore, the protein profiles of eggs from four SCN populations were differentiated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Out of 25 protein bands ranging in molecular weight from 40 to 200 kDa, no differences were observed among any of the populations. These results suggest that eggs from SCN populations differing in virulence phenotypes have similar proteins at the resolution of SDS-PAGE. C1 [Donald, P. A.] ARS USDA CGRPU, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Patananan, A. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Cerna, C. A.; Simmons, T.; Castro, N.; Wilgar, J. L.; Goheen, C.] Battelle NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Donald, PA (reprint author), ARS USDA CGRPU, 605 Airways Blvd, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM pat.donald@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board FX Thanks to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science for support through the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program and to Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board for partial funding. Thanks to Karen Wieda, Royace Aikin, and Dale Johns as well as Rick Zanger for use of equipment and to Barb Michaud, Gordon White, and David Lane for technical and greenhouse assistance. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V10PP UT WOS:000207476200004 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Logan, J Alexoff, D Telang, F Wang, GJ Wong, C Ma, YM Kriplani, A Pradhan, K Schlyer, D Jayne, M Hubbard, B Carter, P Warner, D King, P Shea, C Xu, YW Muench, L Apelskog, K AF Fowler, Joanna S. Volkow, Nora D. Logan, Jean Alexoff, David Telang, Frank Wang, Gene-Jack Wong, Christopher Ma, Yeming Kriplani, Aarti Pradhan, Kith Schlyer, David Jayne, Millard Hubbard, Barbara Carter, Pauline Warner, Donald King, Payton Shea, Colleen Xu, Youwen Muench, Lisa Apelskog, Karen TI Fast uptake and long-lasting binding of methamphetamine in the human brain: Comparison with cocaine SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; NEUROTOXICITY; ABUSERS; PHARMACOKINETICS; RATS; MICE; PET; AMPHETAMINE; ADDICTION; EXPOSURE AB Methamphetamine is one of the most addictive and neurotoxic drugs of abuse. It produces large elevations in extracellular dopamine in the striatum through vesicular release and inhibition of the dopamine transporter. In the U. S. abuse prevalence varies by ethnicity with very low abuse among African Americans relative to Caucasians, differentiating it from cocaine where abuse rates are similar for the two groups. Here we report the first comparison of methamphetamine and cocaine pharmacokinetics in brain between Caucasians and African Americans along with the measurement of dopamine transporter availability in striatum. Methamphetamine's uptake in brain was fast (peak uptake at 9 min) with accumulation in cortical and subcortical brain regions and in white matter. Its clearance from brain was slow (except for white matter which did not clear over the 90 min) and there was no difference in pharmacokinetics between Caucasians and African Americans. In contrast cocaine's brain uptake and clearance were both fast, distribution was predominantly in striatum and uptake was higher in African Americans. Among individuals, those with the highest striatal (but not cerebellar) methamphetamine accumulation also had the highest dopamine transporter availability suggesting a relationship between METH exposure and DAT availability. Methamphetamine's fast brain uptake is consistent with its highly reinforcing effects, its slow clearance with its long-lasting behavioral effects and its widespread distribution with its neurotoxic effects that affect not only striatal but also cortical and white matter regions. The absence of significant differences between Caucasians and African Americans suggests that variables other than methamphetamine pharmacokinetics and bioavailability account for the lower abuse prevalence in African Americans. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fowler, Joanna S.; Logan, Jean; Alexoff, David; Wang, Gene-Jack; Wong, Christopher; Schlyer, David; Hubbard, Barbara; Carter, Pauline; Warner, Donald; King, Payton; Shea, Colleen; Xu, Youwen; Apelskog, Karen] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fowler, Joanna S.; Wang, Gene-Jack] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Fowler, Joanna S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.; Telang, Frank; Ma, Yeming; Jayne, Millard; Muench, Lisa] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kriplani, Aarti; Schlyer, David] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. [Kriplani, Aarti; Schlyer, David] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fowler@bnl.gov OI Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 FU Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NIH [K05DA020001]; NIAAA Intramural program; GCRC [MO1RR10710.] FX This research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy and supported by its Office of Biological and Environmental Research and by NIH K05DA020001, the NIAAA Intramural program by GCRC grant #MO1RR10710. We are grateful to Richard Ferrieri and Michael Schueller for cyclotron and laboratory operations and to Anat Biegon for helpful discussions. We also thank the individuals who volunteered for these studies. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 756 EP 763 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.020 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 392KA UT WOS:000262300400011 PM 18708148 ER PT J AU Geist, DR Murray, CJ Hanrahan, TP Xie, YL AF Geist, David R. Murray, Christopher J. Hanrahan, Timothy P. Xie, Yulong TI A Model of the Effects of Flow Fluctuations on Fall Chinook Salmon Spawning Habitat Availability in the Columbia River SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HANFORD REACH; BROWN TROUT; DISCHARGE; CHUM AB The logistic regression models that we previously used to predict where fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha would spawn in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River were based on so-called static variables (i.e., the riverbed surface substrate, riverbed slope, and time-averaged velocity and depth [representing the velocity and depth in each cell associated with the 50% exceedance flow]). Not all habitat predicted to be used for spawning contained redds, and one explanation for the overprediction is that the models did not incorporate streamflow fluctuation. Streamflow fluctuation occurs daily in the Hanford Reach owing to load-following operations (power generation to meet short-term electrical demand) at Priest Rapids Dam, a hydroelectric darn located at the upper end of the reach. Daily flow fluctuations could change the hydraulic characteristics to which fall Chinook salmon respond in selecting redd sites. The purpose of this study was to determine whether incorporating metrics of flow variability would improve modeling of spawning habitat availability. Flow variability was represented by so-called dynamic variables (i.e.. the standard deviations of velocity and depth for each habitat cell over a 60-d time segment during the fall spawning period in 1994, 1995, and 2001). Both the static and dynamic models were correct at least 85% of the time in predicting habitat as spawning or nonspawning. However, incorporation of the dynamic variables into the logistic regression models reduced the amount of overpredicted habitat by 42% in 1994, 32% in 1995, and 25% in 2001. For example, the area predicted to be suitable but not used in 1994 decreased from 20.8 ha for the static model to 12.1 ha for the dynamic model for all sites combined; similar results were found for 1995 and 2001. This represents an improvement in our ability to accurately predict suitable fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. C1 [Geist, David R.; Murray, Christopher J.; Hanrahan, Timothy P.; Xie, Yulong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Sustainabil Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Geist, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Sustainabil Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.geist@pnl.gov RI Xie, Yulong/O-9322-2016 OI Xie, Yulong/0000-0001-5579-482X FU Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. Department of Energys [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This project was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration through the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program. Debbie Docherty was the contracting officer's technical representative and made this study possible. Special thanks also go to Dana Ward and Roger Dirkes for financial support provided through the U.S. Department of Energy's Public Safety and Resource Protection Program. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for the journal whose comments led to major improvements in this paper. Walker and Associates (Seattle, Washington) conducted the aerial photography and photograph processing in 2001. A significant number of staff' from the Pacific Northwest. National Laboratory assisted in fieldwork, data analysis, and report preparation. While there are too many to list here, please know that your efforts were critical to the completion of this study. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1894 EP 1910 DI 10.1577/M07-074.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700024 ER PT J AU Salvatores, M Palmiotti, G Aliberti, G Hiruta, H McKnight, R Oblozinsky, P Yang, WS AF Salvatores, M. Palmiotti, G. Aliberti, G. Hiruta, H. McKnight, R. Oblozinsky, P. Yang, W. S. TI Needs and Issues of Covariance Data Application SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB Needs and issues related to covariance data application are provided and several examples axe given to show their impact on important design parameters that affects both the economic and the safety of advanced nuclear reactors. C1 [Salvatores, M.; Palmiotti, G.; Hiruta, H.] Idaho Natl Lab, NSE Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Salvatores, M.; Aliberti, G.; McKnight, R.; Yang, W. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, NE Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Salvatores, M.] CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Salvatores, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, NSE Div, 2525 Fremont Ave,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM massimo.salvatores@cea.fr OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2725 EP 2732 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.001 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400002 ER PT J AU Griffin, PJ AF Griffin, P. J. TI Dosimetry User's Perspective on Covariance Needs SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB The dosimetry community has a critical need for covariance matrices to characterize tire uncertainty in the input nuclear data used in a range of applications. This need is growing more acute as the nuclear regulatory community increases the rigor with which dosimetry statements must be made and supported. This paper presents and prioritizes a set of needs that reflect the application of neutron dosimetry to the research reactor and commercial nuclear power industry. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjgriff@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2733 EP 2738 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.002 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400003 ER PT J AU Rearden, BT Mueller, DE AF Rearden, B. T. Mueller, D. E. TI Recent Use of Covariance Data for Criticality Safety Assessment SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB The TSUNAMI codes of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SCALE code system were applied to a burnup credit application to demonstrate the use of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis with recent cross section covariance data for criticality safety code and data validation. The use of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis provides for the assessment of a defensible computational bias, bias uncertainty, and gap analysis for a complex system that otherwise could be assessed only through the use of expert judgment and conservative assumptions. C1 [Rearden, B. T.; Mueller, D. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rearden, BT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reardenb@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2739 EP 2744 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.003 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400004 ER PT J AU Aliberti, G Yang, WS McKnight, RD AF Aliberti, G. Yang, W. S. McKnight, R. D. TI Use of Covariance Data to Select Experiments Relevant to Target Systems for GNEP SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB The relevance of selected experiments to specific GNEP target systems is investigated with the use, of representativity methods. In this approach, the similarity between the target system and selected experiments in connection with a response parameter of interest is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the sensitivity profiles of the response parameter with respect to the nuclear data in the two systems, filtered by the estimated covariance data. C1 [Aliberti, G.; Yang, W. S.; McKnight, R. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aliberti, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 208, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM aliberti@anl.gov OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2745 EP 2751 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.004 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400005 ER PT J AU Herman, M Pigni, MT Oblozinsky, P Mughabghab, SF Mattoon, CM Capote, R Cho, YS Trkov, A AF Herman, M. Pigni, M. T. Oblozinsky, P. Mughabghab, S. F. Mattoon, C. M. Capote, R. Cho, Young-Sik Trkov, A. TI Development of Covariance Capabilities in EMPIRE Code SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB The nuclear reaction code EMPIRE has been extended to provide evaluation capabilities for neutron cross section covariances in the thermal, resolved resonance, unresolved resonance and fast neutron regions. The Atlas of Neutron Resonances by Mughabghab is used as a primary source of information on uncertainties at low energies. Care is taken to ensure consistency among the resonance parameter uncertainties and those for thermal cross sections. The resulting resonance parameter covariances are formatted in the ENDF-6 File 32. In the fast neutron range our methodology is based on model calculations with the code EMPIRE combined with experimental data through several available approaches. The model-based covariances can be obtained using deterministic (Kalman) or stochastic (Monte Carlo) propagation of model parameter uncertainties. We show that these two procedures yield comparable results. The Kalman filter and/or the generalized least square fitting procedures are employed to incorporate experimental information. We compare the two approaches analyzing results for the major reaction channels on (89)Y. We also discuss a long-standing issue of unreasonably low uncertainties and link it to the rigidity of the model. C1 [Herman, M.; Pigni, M. T.; Oblozinsky, P.; Mughabghab, S. F.; Mattoon, C. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Cho, Young-Sik] KAERI, Taejon, South Korea. [Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Herman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mwherman@bnl.gov RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2752 EP 2761 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.005 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400006 ER PT J AU Capote, R Smith, DL AF Capote, Roberto Smith, Donald L. TI An Investigation of the Performance of the Unified Monte Carlo Method of Neutron Cross Section Data Evaluation SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB The Unified Monte Carlo method (UMC) has been suggested to avoid certain limitations and approximations inherent to the well-known Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method of nuclear data evaluation. This contribution reports on an investigation of the performance of the UMC method in comparison with the GLS method. This is accomplished by applying both methods to simple examples with few input values that were selected to explore various features of the evaluation process that impact upon the quality of an evaluation. Among the issues explored are: i) convergence of UMC results with the number of Monte Carlo histories and the ranges of sampled values; ii) a comparison of Monte Carlo sampling using the Metropolis scheme and a brute force approach; iii) the effects of large data discrepancies; iv) the effects of large data uncertainties; v) the effects of strong or weak model or experimental data correlations; and vi) the impact of ratio data and integral data. Comparisons are also made of the evaluated results for these examples when the input values are first transformed to comparable logarithmic values prior to performing the evaluation. Some general conclusions that are applicable to more realistic evaluation exercises are offered. C1 [Capote, Roberto] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Smith, Donald L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. RP Capote, R (reprint author), IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, POB 100,Wagramer Str 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM Roberto.CapateNoy@iaea.org RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2768 EP 2773 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.007 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400008 ER PT J AU Dietrich, FS AF Dietrich, F. S. TI Uncertainties in Measurements and Calculations of Nonelastic Cross Sections SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY ID NEUTRON; U-238 AB Scatter in presently available measurements of the nonelastic cross section indicates that this quantity is rather poorly known (approximately 5-10%). We will show examples of this, together with results from a new technique that shows promise of reducing these uncertainties approximate to 2-3% in the range of a few MeV to a few tens of MeV. Comparison of results obtained using this new technique with calculations using various optical potentials suggests that such potentials are not reliable for predicting nonelastic cross sections to better than roughly 5%. In view of these results, we suggest that a limited set of high-precision measurements should be made to clarify the experimental picture and guide the further development of optical models. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dietrich, FS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dietrich@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2774 EP 2777 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.008 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400009 ER PT J AU Wiarda, D Arbanas, G Leal, L Dunn, ME AF Wiarda, D. Arbanas, G. Leal, L. Dunn, M. E. TI Recent Advances with the AMPX Covariance Processing Capabilities in PUFF-IV SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB The program PUFF-IV is used to process resonance parameter covariance information given in ENDF/B File 32 and point wise covariance matrices given in ENDF/B File 33 into group-averaged covariances matrices on a user-supplied group structure. For large resonance covariance matrices, found for example in (235)U, the execution time of PUFF-TV call be quite long. Recently the code was modified to take advantage of Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) routines for the most time-consuming matrix multiplications. This led to a substantial decrease in execution time. This faster processing capability allowed us to investigate the conversion of File 32 data into File 33 data using a larger number of user-defined groups. While conversion substantially reduces the ENDF/B file size requirements for evaluations with a large number of resonances, a trade-off is made between the number of groups used to represent the resonance parameter covariance as a point wise covariance matrix and the file size. We are also investigating a hybrid version of the conversion, in which the low-energy part of the File 32 resonance parameter covariances matrix is retained and the correlations with higher energies as well as the high energy part are given in File 33. C1 [Wiarda, D.; Arbanas, G.; Leal, L.; Dunn, M. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wiarda, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wiardada@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2791 EP 2795 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.011 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400012 ER PT J AU Williams, ML Rearden, BT AF Williams, M. L. Rearden, B. T. TI SCALE-6 Sensitivity/Uncertainty Methods and Covariance Data SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB Computational methods and data used for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis within the SCALE nuclear analysis code system are presented. The methodology used to calculate sensitivity coefficients and similarity coefficients and to perform nuclear data adjustment is discussed. A description is provided of the SCALE-6 covariance library based oil ENDF/B-VII and other nuclear data evaluations, supplemented by "low- fidelity" approximate covariances. C1 [Williams, M. L.; Rearden, B. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Williams, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM williamsml@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2796 EP 2800 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.012 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400013 ER PT J AU Hiruta, H Palmiotti, G Salvatores, M Arcilla, R Oblozinsky, P McKnight, RD AF Hiruta, H. Palmiotti, G. Salvatores, M. Arcilla, R., Jr. Oblozinsky, P. McKnight, R. D. TI Few Group Collapsing of Covariance Matrix Data Based on a Conservation Principle SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB A new algorithm for a rigorous collapsing of covariance data is proposed, derived, implemented, and tested. The method is based on a conservation principle that allows the uncertainty calculated in a fine group energy structure for a specific integral parameter; using as weights the associated sensitivity coefficients, to be preserved at a broad energy group structure. C1 [Hiruta, H.; Palmiotti, G.; Salvatores, M.] Idaho Natl Lab, NSE Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Salvatores, M.] CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Arcilla, R., Jr.; Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McKnight, R. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, NE Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hiruta, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, NSE Div, 2525 Fremont Ave,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Hikaru.Hiruta@inl.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 SI SI BP 2801 EP 2806 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.013 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400014 ER PT J AU Hale, GM AF Hale, G. M. TI Covariances from Light-Element R-Matrix Analyses SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY ID SCATTERING CROSS SECTION; NEUTRON; CALIBRATION AB We review the method for obtaining covariance information for light-element reactions using R-matrix theory. The general LANL R-matrix analysis code EDA provides accurate covariances for the resonance parameters at a solution due to the search algorithm it uses to find a local minimum of the chi-square surface. This information is used, together with analytically calculated sensitivity derivatives, in the first-order error propagation equation to obtain cross-section covariances; for all reactions included in the analysis. Examples are given of the covariances obtained front the EDA analyses for n-p scattering and for the n+(6)Li reactions used in the latest light-element standard cross section evaluation. Also discussed is a method of defining "pure theory" correlations that could be useful for extensions to higher energies and heavier systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hale, GM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ghale@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2812 EP 2816 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.015 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400016 ER PT J AU Kawano, T Talou, P Young, PG Hale, G Chadwick, MB Little, RC AF Kawano, T. Talou, P. Young, P. G. Hale, G. Chadwick, M. B. Little, R. C. TI Evaluation of Covariances for Actinides and Light Elements at LANL SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY ID NUCLEAR-DATA; ENDF/B-VII AB Los Alamos evaluates covariances for the evaluated nuclear data library (ENDF), mainly for actinides above the resonance region and for light elements in the entire energy range. We also develop techniques to evaluate the covariance data., like Bayesian and least-squares fitting methods, which are important to explore the uncertainty information on different types of physical quantities such as elastic scattering angular distribution, or prompt neutron fission spectra. This paper summarizes our current activities of the covariance evaluation work at LANL, including the actinide and light element data mainly for criticality safety studies and transmutation technology. The Bayesian method based oil the Kalman filter technique, which combines uncertainties in the theoretical model and experimental data, is discussed. C1 [Kawano, T.; Talou, P.; Young, P. G.; Hale, G.; Chadwick, M. B.; Little, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kawano, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kawano@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2817 EP 2821 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.016 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400017 ER PT J AU Pritychenko, B Sonzogni, AA AF Pritychenko, B. Sonzogni, A. A. TI Sigma: Web Retrieval Interface for Nuclear Reaction Data SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY ID DATA SERVICES AB We present Sigma, a Web-rich application which provides user-friendly access in processing and plotting of the evaluated and experimental nuclear reaction data stored in the ENDF-6 and EXFOR formats. The main interface includes browsing using a periodic table and a directory tree, basic and advanced search capabilities, interactive plots of cross sections, angular distributions and spectra, comparisons between evaluated and experimental data, computations between different cross section sets. Interactive energy-angle, neutron cross section uncertainties plots and visualization of covariance matrices are under development. Sigma is publicly available at the National Nuclear Data Center website at http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/sigma. C1 [Pritychenko, B.; Sonzogni, A. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pritychenko, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pritychenko@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2822 EP 2827 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.017 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400018 ER PT J AU Little, RC Kawano, T Hale, GD Pigni, MT Herman, M Oblozinsky, P Williams, ML Dunn, ME Arbanas, G Wiarda, D McKnight, RD McKamy, JN Felty, JR AF Little, R. C. Kawano, T. Hale, G. D. Pigni, M. T. Herman, M. Oblozinsky, P. Williams, M. L. Dunn, M. E. Arbanas, G. Wiarda, D. McKnight, R. D. McKamy, J. N. Felty, J. R. TI Low-fidelity Covariance Project SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB The Low-Fidelity Covariance Project has developed a complete set of covariance data estimates for all ENDF/B-VII.0 isotopes. Covariance data are provided for elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, (n,2n) reactions, radiative capture and fission (cross section and nubar) over the energy range front 10(-5) eV to 20 MeV. Various approximations were utilized depending on the mass of the target, the neutron energy, range, and the neutron reaction. The resulting covariance data are not art official part of ENDF/B-VII: but are available for testing in nuclear applications. C1 [Little, R. C.; Kawano, T.; Hale, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pigni, M. T.; Herman, M.; Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Williams, M. L.; Dunn, M. E.; Arbanas, G.; Wiarda, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McKnight, R. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McKamy, J. N.; Felty, J. R.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Little, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rcl@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2828 EP 2833 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.018 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400019 ER PT J AU Carlson, AD Badikov, SA Chen, ZP Gai, E Hale, GM Hambsch, FJ Hoffman, HM Kawano, T Larson, NM Oli, SY Pronyaev, VG Smith, DL Tagesen, S Vonach, H AF Carlson, A. D. Badikov, S. A. Chen Zhenpeng Gai, E. Hale, G. M. Hambsch, F. -J. Hoffman, H. M. Kawano, T. Larson, N. M. Oli, S. Y. Pronyaev, V. G. Smith, D. L. Tagesen, S. Vonach, H. TI Covariances Obtained from an Evaluation of the Neutron Cross Section Standards SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB New measurements and all improved evaluation process were used to obtain a new evaluation of the neutron Cross section standards. Efforts were made to include as much information as possible on the components of the data uncertainties that were then used to obtain the covariance matrices for the experimental data. Evaluations were produced from this process for the (6)Li(n,t), (10)B(n,alpha), (10)B(n,alpha(1)gamma), (197)Au(n,gamma), (235)U (n, f), and (238)U(n,f) standard cross sections as well as the non-standard (6)Li(n,n), (10)B(n,n), (238)U(n,gamma) and (239)U(n,f) cross sections. There is a general increase in the cross sections for most of the new evaluations, by as much as about 5%, compared with the ENDF/B-VI results. Covariance data were obtained for the (6)Li(n,t), (6)Li(n,n), (10)B(n,alpha), (10)B(n,alpha(1)gamma), (10)B(n,n), (197)Au(n,gamma), (235)U(n,f), (238)U(n,f), (238)U(n,gamma) and (239)Pu(n,f) reactions. Also an independent R-Matrix evaluation was produced for the H(n,n) standard cross-section, however, covariance data axe riot available for this reaction. The evaluations were used in the new ENDF/B-VII library. C1 [Carlson, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Badikov, S. A.] Cent Res Inst Management Econ & Informat, Moscow, Russia. [Chen Zhenpeng] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gai, E.; Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Hale, G. M.; Kawano, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hambsch, F. -J.] Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Hoffman, H. M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. [Larson, N. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Oli, S. Y.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tagesen, S.; Vonach, H.] Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2834 EP 2839 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.019 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400020 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Aliberti, G McKnight, RD Kodeli, I AF Yang, W. S. Aliberti, G. McKnight, R. D. Kodeli, I. TI Fission Spectrum Covariance Matrix and Sensitivity Coefficients for Response Parameter Uncertainty Estimation SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB This paper discusses the consistent usage of fission spectrum covariance matrices and sensitivity coefficients for response parameter uncertainty estimation. The effects of covariance matrix normalization on response parameter uncertainties are described from a mathematical point of view, along with their inter-relation with the constrained sensitivity coefficients. The numerical precision for practical renormalization of covariance matt-ices and the impact of the constrained sensitivity coefficients are also discussed by estimating the multiplication factor uncertainties due to fission spectrum uncertainties for a sodium-cooled fast burner core concept. C1 [Yang, W. S.; Aliberti, G.; McKnight, R. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kodeli, I.] OECD NEA Data Bank, IAEA Representat, F-92130 Issy Les Moulineaux, France. RP Yang, WS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wyang@anl.gov OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2852 EP 2857 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.022 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400023 ER PT J AU Talou, P Madland, DC Kawano, T AF Talou, P. Madland, D. C. Kawano, T. TI Uncertainty Quantification on Prompt Fission Neutrons Spectra SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB Uncertainties in the evaluated prompt fission neutrons spectra present in ENDF/B-VII.0 are assessed in the framework of the Los Alamos model. The methodology used to quantify the uncertainties on an evaluated spectrum is introduced. We also briefly review the Los Alamos model and single out the parameters that have the largest influence on the calculated results. Using a Kalman filter, experimental data and uncertainties are introduced to constrain model parameters, and construct an evaluated covariance matrix for the prompt neutrons spectrum. Preliminary results are shown in the case of neutron-induced fission of (235)U from thermal tip to 15 MeV incident energies. C1 [Talou, P.; Madland, D. C.; Kawano, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talou, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Phys Grp, T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM talou@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2858 EP 2862 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.023 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400024 ER PT J AU Mughabghab, SF Oblozinsky, P AF Mughabghab, S. F. Oblozinsky, P. TI Neutron Cross Section Uncertainties in the Thermal and Resonance Regions SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY ID CAPTURE AB In the Atlas of Neutron Resonances, special care was expended to ensure that the resonance parameter information reproduces the various measured thermal cross sections, as well as the infinite dilute resonance integrals for Z = 1-100. In contrast, the uncertainties of the recommended quantities do not match those generated from the uncertainties of the resonance parameters. To address this problem, the present study was initiated to achieve consistency for 15 actinides and 21 structural and coolant moderator materials. This is realized by assigning uncertainties to the parameters of the negative-energy resonances and changing, if necessary, significantly the uncertainties of the low-lying positive-energy resonances. The influence of correlations between parameters on the derived uncertainties is examined and discussed. C1 [Mughabghab, S. F.; Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mughabghab, SF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mugabgab@bnl.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2863 EP 2867 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.024 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400025 ER PT J AU Leal, LC Arbanas, G Wiarda, D Derrien, H AF Leal, L. C. Arbanas, G. Wiarda, D. Derrien, H. TI Resonance Region Covariance Analysis Method and New Covariance Data for Th-232, U-233, U-235, U-238, and Pu-239 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB Resonance-parameter covariance matrix (RPCM) evaluations in the resolved resonance region were done for Th-232, U-233, U-235, U-238, and Pu-239 using the computer code SAMMY. The retroactive approach of the code SAMMY was used to generate the RPCMs for U-233 and U-235. RPCMS for Th-232, U-238 and Pu-239 were generated together with the resonance parameter evaluations. The RPCMs were then converted in the ENDF format using the File32 representation. Alternatively, for computer storage reasons, the File32 was converted in the File33 cross section covariance matrix (CSCM). Both representations were processed using the computer code PUFF-IV. This paper describes the procedures used to generate the RPCM with SAMMY. C1 [Leal, L. C.; Arbanas, G.; Wiarda, D.; Derrien, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leal, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leallc@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 SI SI BP 2868 EP 2873 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.025 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400026 ER PT J AU Pigni, MT Herman, M Oblozinsky, P AF Pigni, M. T. Herman, M. Oblozinsky, P. TI Estimated Mn-55 and Zr-90 Cross Section Covariances in the Fast Neutron Energy Region SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY ID THRESHOLD; LIBRARY; FUSION AB We completed estimates of neutron cross section covariances for Mn-55 and Zr-90, from the keV energy range to 25 MeV, considering the most important reaction channels, total, elastic, inelastic, capture, and (n,2n). The nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE was used to calculate sensitivity to model parameters by a perturbation of parameters that define the optical model potential, nuclear level densities and strength of the pre-equilibrium emission. The sensitivity analysis was performed with the set of parameters which reproduces the ENDF/B-VII.0 cross sections. The experimental data were analyzed and both statistical and systematic uncertainties were extracted from almost 30 selected experiments. Then, the Bayesian code KALMAN was used to combine the sensitivity analysis and the experiments to obtain the evaluated covariance matrices. C1 [Pigni, M. T.; Herman, M.; Oblozinsky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pigni, MT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pigni@bnl.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 SI SI BP 2900 EP 2904 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.031 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400032 ER PT J AU Trkov, A Capote, R Kodeli, I Leal, L AF Trkov, A. Capote, R. Kodeli, I. Leal, L. TI Evaluation of Tungsten Nuclear Reaction Data with Covariances SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB As a follow-tip of the work presented at the ND-2007 conference in Nice, additional fast reactor benchmarks were analyzed. Adjustment to the, cross sections in the keV region was necessary. Evaluated neutron cross section data files for (180,182,183,184,186)W isotopes were produced. Covariances were generated for all isotopes except (180)W. In the resonance range the retro-active method was used. Above the resolved resonance range the covariance prior was generated by the Monte Carlo technique from nuclear model calculations with the Empire-II code. Experimental data were taken into account through the GANDR. System using the generalized least-squares technique. Introducing experimental data results in relatively small changes in the cross sections, but greatly constrains the uncertainties. The covariance files are currently undergoing testing. C1 [Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Kodeli, I.] NEA Data Bank, IAEA, Paris, France. [Leal, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Trkov, A (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM Andrej.Trkov@ijs.si RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2905 EP 2909 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.032 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400033 ER PT J AU Arcilla, R Kahler, AC Oblozinsky, P Herman, M AF Arcilla, R. Kahler, A. C. Oblozinsky, P. Herman, M. TI Processing Neutron Cross Section Covariances using NJOY-99 and PUFF-IV SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB With the growing demand for multigroup covariances, the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) has been experiencing air upsurge in its covariance data processing activities using the two US codes NJOY-99 (LANL) and PUFF-IV (ORNL). The code NJOY-99 was upgraded by incorporating the new module ERRORJ-2.3, while the NNDC served as the active user and provided feedback. The NNDC has been primarily processing neutron cross section covariances on its 64-bit Linux cluster in support of two DOE programs, the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) and the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP). For GNEP, the NNDC used NJOY-99.259 to generate multigroup covariance matrices of (56)Fe (23)Na, (239)Pu, (235)U and (238)U from the JENDL-3.3 library using the 15-, 33-, and 230-energy group structures. These covariance matrices will be used to test a new collapsing algorithm which will subsequently be employed to calculate uncertainties on integral parameters in different fast neutron-based systems. For NCSP, we used PUFF-IV 1.0.4 to verify the processability of new evaluated covariance data of (55)Mn, (239)Pu, (233)U, (235)U and (238)U generated by a collaboration of ORNL and LANL. For the data end-users at large, the NNDC has made available a Web site which provides a static visualization interface for all materials with covariance data in the four major data libraries: ENDF/B-VI.8 (47 materials), ENDF/B-VII.0 (26 materials), JEFF-3.1 (37 materials) and JENDL-3.3 (20 materials). C1 [Arcilla, R.; Oblozinsky, P.; Herman, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kahler, A. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl Phys Grp T 16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arcilla, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM arcilla@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2910 EP 2914 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.033 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400034 ER PT J AU Smith, DL AF Smith, Donald L. TI Summary of the Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB A Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances was held from June 24 - 27; 2008, in Port Jefferson, New York. This Workshop was organized by the National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, to provide a forum for reporting on the status of the growing field of neutron cross section covariances for applications and for discussing future directions of the work in this field. The Workshop focused on the following four major topical areas: covariance methodology, recent covariance evaluations, covariance applications, and user perspectives. Attention was given to the entire spectrum of neutron cross section covariance concerns ranging from light nuclei to the actinides, and from the thermal energy region to 20 MeV. The papers presented at this conference explored topics ranging from fundamental nuclear physics concerns to very specific applications in advanced reactor design and nuclear criticality safety. This paper provides a summary of this workshop. Brief comments on the highlights of each Workshop contribution are provided. In addition, a perspective on the achievements and shortcomings of the Workshop as well as on the future direction of research in this field is offered. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 1710 Ave Mundo, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. EM Donald.L.Smith@anl.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2915 EP 2922 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.034 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400035 ER PT J AU Hakobyan, A Aldemir, T Denning, R Dunagan, S Kunsman, D Rutt, B Catalyurek, U AF Hakobyan, Aram Aldemir, Tunc Denning, Richard Dunagan, Sean Kunsman, David Rutt, Benjamin Catalyurek, Umit TI Dynamic generation of accident progression event trees SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB Currently, the development and analysis of accident progression event trees (APETs) are performed in a manner that is computationally time consuming, difficult to reproduce and also can be phenomenologically inconsistent. A software tool is presented for automated APET generation using the concept of dynamic event trees. The tool determines the branching times from a severe accident analysis code based on user specified criteria for branching. It assigns user specified probabilities to every branch, tracks the total branch probability, and truncates branches based on the given pruning/truncation rules to avoid an unmanageable number of scenarios. While the software tool could be applied to any systems analysis code, the MELCOR code is used for this illustration. A case study is presented involving station blackout with the loss of auxiliary feedwater system for a pressurized water reactor. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hakobyan, Aram; Aldemir, Tunc; Denning, Richard] Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dunagan, Sean; Kunsman, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Rutt, Benjamin; Catalyurek, Umit] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hakobyan, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hakobyan.1@osu.edu RI Catalyurek, Umit/A-2454-2008 OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 FU Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) FX The research presented in this paper was partially supported by a contract from the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The information and conclusions presented here in are those of the authors and do not necessary represent the views or positions of the SNL. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency there of, nor any employee, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use of this information. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 238 IS 12 BP 3457 EP 3467 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.08.005 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377ZX UT WOS:000261292000029 ER PT J AU Fenstermacher, ME Evans, TE Osborne, TH Schaffer, MJ Degrassie, JS Gohil, P Moyer, RA AF Fenstermacher, M. E. Evans, T. E. Osborne, T. H. Schaffer, M. J. deGrassie, J. S. Gohil, P. Moyer, R. A. CA DIII-D Team TI Suppression of type-I ELMs using a single toroidal row of magnetic field perturbation coils in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; CHAPTER 1 AB In recent DIII-D (J.L. Luxon et al 2003 Nucl. Fusion 43 1813) experiments, suppression of type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) was obtained by applying n = 3 resonant magnetic perturbations using a single toroidal row of internal, small aperture coils located either above or below the equatorial plane in plasmas with ITER-like electron pedestal collisionality nu(e)* similar to 0.1, flux surface shape and low edge safety factor (q(95) approximate to 3.6). ELM suppression with a single row of coils was achieved at approximately the same q(95) surface-averaged perturbation field as with two rows of coils, but required higher current per coil. Suppression of type-I ELMs was not obtained with similar n = 3 perturbation strength at the q(95) surface from a single-row of external, large aperture coils on the outer equatorial midplane. C1 [Fenstermacher, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Evans, T. E.; Osborne, T. H.; Schaffer, M. J.; deGrassie, J. S.; Gohil, P.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [Moyer, R. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fenstermacher, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-FG02-07ER54917. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 12 AR 122001 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/12/122001 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 383TN UT WOS:000261696500001 ER PT J AU Jackson, GL Casper, TA Luce, TC Humphreys, DA Ferron, JR Hyatt, AW Lazarus, EA Moyer, RA Petrie, TW Rudakov, DL West, WP AF Jackson, G. L. Casper, T. A. Luce, T. C. Humphreys, D. A. Ferron, J. R. Hyatt, A. W. Lazarus, E. A. Moyer, R. A. Petrie, T. W. Rudakov, D. L. West, W. P. TI ITER startup studies in the DIII-D tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID HEATING ASSISTED STARTUP; PLASMA OPERATION; CHAPTER 8; CYCLOTRON; SIMULATIONS; DESIGN AB A plasma initiation and current ramp up scenario envisioned for ITER has been simulated in DIII-D experiments. These discharges were limited on the low field side (LFS) during the initial current ramp up, as specified for the ITER baseline startup scenario. Initial experiments produced internal inductance (l(i)),higher than the design value for the ITER shaping coils, often leading to vertical instabilities. A modified startup with larger volume was developed to reduce l(i) in the current ramp up. This large-bore scenario, also limiting on the LFS, produced a lower l(i) and avoided the vertical instabilities. Feedback control of l(i), using the ohmic field coil power supply as the actuator, was successfully demonstrated. Such control may be useful in avoiding vertical instabilities and in providing access to sawtooth-free steady state and hybrid scenarios in ITER. Experiments at reduced inductive voltage and with electron cyclotron assist for breakdown and burnthrough have also been carried out. The Corsica equilibrium and transport code has modelled these data to provide validation of transport models used to simulate this phase of ITER discharges in order to yield more accurate extrapolation to ITER scenarios. C1 [Jackson, G. L.; Luce, T. C.; Humphreys, D. A.; Ferron, J. R.; Hyatt, A. W.; Petrie, T. W.; West, W. P.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Casper, T. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lazarus, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Moyer, R. A.; Rudakov, D. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Jackson, GL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, W-7405-ENG-48, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-04ER54758] FX This work supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, W-7405-ENG-48, DE-AC0500OR22725 and DE-FG02-04ER54758. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 12 AR 125002 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/12/125002 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 383TN UT WOS:000261696500004 ER PT J AU Roach, CM Walters, M Budny, RV Imbeaux, F Fredian, TW Greenwald, M Stillerman, JA Alexander, DA Carlsson, J Cary, JR Ryter, F Stober, J Gohil, P Greenfield, C Murakami, M Bracco, G Esposito, B Romanelli, M Parail, V Stubberfield, P Voitsekhovitch, I Brickley, C Field, AR Sakamoto, Y Fujita, T Fukuda, T Hayashi, N Hogeweij, GMD Chudnovskiy, A Kinerva, NA Kessel, CE Aniel, T Hoang, GT Ongena, J Doyle, EJ Houlberg, WA Polevoi, AR AF Roach, C. M. Walters, M. Budny, R. V. Imbeaux, F. Fredian, T. W. Greenwald, M. Stillerman, J. A. Alexander, D. A. Carlsson, J. Cary, J. R. Ryter, F. Stober, J. Gohil, P. Greenfield, C. Murakami, M. Bracco, G. Esposito, B. Romanelli, M. Parail, V. Stubberfield, P. Voitsekhovitch, I. Brickley, C. Field, A. R. Sakamoto, Y. Fujita, T. Fukuda, T. Hayashi, N. Hogeweij, G. M. D. Chudnovskiy, A. Kinerva, N. A. Kessel, C. E. Aniel, T. Hoang, G. T. Ongena, J. Doyle, E. J. Houlberg, W. A. Polevoi, A. R. CA ITPA Confinement Database Modelling Topical Grp ITPA Transport Phys Topical Grp TI The 2008 Public Release of the International Multi-tokamak Confinement Profile Database SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; ELMY H-MODE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE DISCHARGES; AMPERE SPHERICAL TOKAMAK; ELECTRON HEAT-TRANSPORT; RADIATIVE IMPROVED MODE; CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE; STEADY-STATE OPERATION; NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; DOUBLE-BARRIER REGIME AB This paper documents the public release PR08 of the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) profile database, which should be of particular interest to the magnetic confinement fusion community. Data from a wide variety of interesting discharges from many of the world's leading tokamak experiments are now made available in PR08, which also includes predictive simulations of an initial set of operating scenarios for ITER. In this paper we describe the discharges that have been included and the tools that are available to the reader who is interested in accessing and working with the data. Most discharge descriptions refer to more detailed previous publications. In addition, we review physics analyses that have already made use of the profile database discharges. Public access to PR08 data is unconditional, but this paper should be cited by any publication that makes use of PR08 data. C1 [Roach, C. M.; Walters, M.; Romanelli, M.; Parail, V.; Stubberfield, P.; Voitsekhovitch, I.; Brickley, C.; Field, A. R.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Budny, R. V.; Kessel, C. E.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Fredian, T. W.; Greenwald, M.; Stillerman, J. A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Alexander, D. A.; Carlsson, J.; Cary, J. R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Ryter, F.; Stober, J.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Euratom Assoc Garching, Rostock, Germany. [Gohil, P.; Greenfield, C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [Murakami, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bracco, G.; Esposito, B.] CRE Frascati, Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, Rome, Italy. [Sakamoto, Y.; Fujita, T.; Hayashi, N.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki, Japan. [Fukuda, T.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Chudnovskiy, A.; Kinerva, N. A.] Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Ongena, J.] Assoc Euratom Belgian State, Ecole Royale Mil, Koninglijke Mil Sch, Brussels, Belgium. [Doyle, E. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Doyle, E. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, PSTI, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Houlberg, W. A.; Polevoi, A. R.] ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Roach, CM (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RI Roach, Colin/C-4839-2011; ANIEL, Thierry/G-8734-2011; Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013; OI ANIEL, Thierry/0000-0002-2598-9551; Carlsson, Johan/0000-0003-4614-8150; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 174 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 18 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 12 AR 125001 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/12/125001 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 383TN UT WOS:000261696500003 ER PT J AU Jeon, DO AF Jeon, Dong-o TI Measurement of beam loading at the SNS superconducting linac for a beam with beta < 1 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Beam loading; Superconducting; Shunt impedance AB When a beam passes through superconducting cavities, it excites beam induced fields in the cavities. A systematic study is performed to study the beam loading effects with beta < 1 beam on the beta = 0.81 superconducting cavities of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac. The analysis indicates that the shunt impedance equation is still valid even for a beam with beta well below 1. It is also shown that the induced field level is consistent with the estimation and its effect on the beam dynamics is consistent with the model. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Phys Grp, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jeon, DO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Phys Grp, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jeond@ornl.gov RI Jeon, Dong-O/S-2137-2016 OI Jeon, Dong-O/0000-0001-6482-5878 FU UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S.A Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 597 IS 2-3 BP 132 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.145 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 388AA UT WOS:000261991500003 ER PT J AU Aharrouche, M Colas, J Di Ciaccio, L El Kacimi, M Gaumer, O Gouanere, M Goujdami, D Lafaye, R Laplace, S Perrodo, P Prieur, D Przysiezniak, H Sauvage, G Tarrade, F Wingerter-Seez, I Zitoun, R Lanni, F Ma, H Rajagopalan, S Rescia, S Takai, H Belymam, A Benchekroun, D Hakimi, M Hoummada, A Stroynowski, R Zarzhitsky, P Ye, J Aleksa, M Hansen, JB Carli, T Fassnacht, P Gianotti, F Hervas, L Lampl, W Unal, G Collot, J Hostachy, JY Ledroit-Guillon, F Martin, P Malek, F Viret, S Ban, J Leltchouk, M Parsons, JA Sippach, W Banfi, D Carminati, L Cavalli, D Costa, G Delmastro, M Fanti, M Mandelli, L Mazzanti, M Tartarelli, GF Bourdarios, C Fayard, L Fournier, D Graziani, G Iconomidou-Fayard, L Kado, M Lelas, D Plamondon, M Poggioli, L Puzo, P Rousseau, D Sacco, R Serin, L Simion, S Zerwas, D Camard, A Lacour, D Laforge, B Nikolic-Audit, I Schwemling, P Cleland, W Ghazlane, H El Moursli, RC Fakhr-Eddine, AI Boonekamp, M Kerschen, N Mansoulie, B Meyer, JP Schwindling, J Lund-Jensen, B AF Aharrouche, M. Colas, J. Di Ciaccio, L. El Kacimi, M. Gaumer, O. Gouanere, M. Goujdami, D. Lafaye, R. Laplace, S. Perrodo, P. Prieur, D. Przysiezniak, H. Sauvage, G. Tarrade, F. Wingerter-Seez, I. Zitoun, R. Lanni, F. Ma, H. Rajagopalan, S. Rescia, S. Takai, H. Belymam, A. Benchekroun, D. Hakimi, M. Hoummada, A. Stroynowski, R. Zarzhitsky, P. Ye, J. Aleksa, M. Hansen, J. Beck Carli, T. Fassnacht, P. Gianotti, F. Hervas, L. Lampl, W. Unal, G. Collot, J. Hostachy, J. Y. Ledroit-Guillon, F. Martin, P. Malek, F. Viret, S. Ban, J. Leltchouk, M. Parsons, J. A. Sippach, W. Banfi, D. Carminati, L. Cavalli, D. Costa, G. Delmastro, M. Fanti, M. Mandelli, L. Mazzanti, M. Tartarelli, G. F. Bourdarios, C. Fayard, L. Fournier, D. Graziani, G. Iconomidou-Fayard, L. Kado, M. Lelas, D. Plamondon, M. Poggioli, L. Puzo, P. Rousseau, D. Sacco, R. Serin, L. Simion, S. Zerwas, D. Camard, A. Lacour, D. Laforge, B. Nikolic-Audit, I. Schwemling, Ph. Cleland, W. Ghazlane, H. Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. Idrissi Fakhr-Eddine, A. Boonekamp, M. Kerschen, N. Mansoulie, B. Meyer, J. P. Schwindling, J. Lund-Jensen, B. TI Time resolution of the ATLAS barrel liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE LHC; Calorimetry particle physics; Electromagnetic; Timing AB The time reconstruction performance of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter readout is studied. The contribution of the electronics to the time resolution is estimated to be about 20 ps, thus demonstrating the possibility of achieving a small constant term in the time resolution for particles. The resolution to electromagnetic showers produced by an electron beam is also measured. After correction for the effects due to the calorimeter geometry, a 100 ps constant term is found for a typical cell. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bourdarios, C.; Fayard, L.; Fournier, D.; Graziani, G.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Kado, M.; Lelas, D.; Plamondon, M.; Poggioli, L.; Puzo, P.; Rousseau, D.; Sacco, R.; Serin, L.; Simion, S.; Zerwas, D.] Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Aharrouche, M.; Colas, J.; Di Ciaccio, L.; El Kacimi, M.; Gaumer, O.; Gouanere, M.; Goujdami, D.; Lafaye, R.; Laplace, S.; Perrodo, P.; Prieur, D.; Przysiezniak, H.; Sauvage, G.; Tarrade, F.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Zitoun, R.] CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Lanni, F.; Ma, H.; Rajagopalan, S.; Rescia, S.; Takai, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Belymam, A.; Benchekroun, D.; Hakimi, M.; Hoummada, A.] Fac Sci Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco. [Stroynowski, R.; Zarzhitsky, P.; Ye, J.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Aleksa, M.; Hansen, J. Beck; Carli, T.; Fassnacht, P.; Gianotti, F.; Hervas, L.; Lampl, W.; Unal, G.] CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Collot, J.; Hostachy, J. Y.; Ledroit-Guillon, F.; Martin, P.; Malek, F.; Viret, S.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Ban, J.; Leltchouk, M.; Parsons, J. A.; Sippach, W.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. [Banfi, D.; Carminati, L.; Cavalli, D.; Costa, G.; Delmastro, M.; Fanti, M.; Mandelli, L.; Mazzanti, M.; Tartarelli, G. F.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Banfi, D.; Carminati, L.; Cavalli, D.; Costa, G.; Delmastro, M.; Fanti, M.; Mandelli, L.; Mazzanti, M.; Tartarelli, G. F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Camard, A.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Schwemling, Ph.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Camard, A.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Schwemling, Ph.] Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. [Cleland, W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Ghazlane, H.] Fac Sci Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. [Ghazlane, H.] Ctr Natl Energie Sci & Tech Nucl, Rabat, Morocco. [Cherkaoui El Moursli, R.; Idrissi Fakhr-Eddine, A.] Univ Mohammed 5, Fac Sci, Rabat, Morocco. [Boonekamp, M.; Kerschen, N.; Mansoulie, B.; Meyer, J. P.; Schwindling, J.] CE Saclay, CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Lund-Jensen, B.] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Serin, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. EM serin@lal.in2p3.fr; nikolic@lpnhe.in2p3.fr RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012; Delmastro, Marco/I-5599-2012; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307; Delmastro, Marco/0000-0003-2992-3805; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 597 IS 2-3 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.142 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 388AA UT WOS:000261991500011 ER PT J AU Cromaz, M Riot, VJ Fallon, P Gros, S Holmes, B Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Vu, C Yaver, H Zimmermann, S AF Cromaz, M. Riot, V. J. Fallon, P. Gros, S. Holmes, B. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Vu, C. Yaver, H. Zimmermann, S. TI A digital signal processing module for gamma-ray tracking detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Digital signal processing; Gamma-ray spectrometer; Digitizer; HPGe detector AB We have designed and constructed an 8-channel digital signal processing board for the GRETINA spectrometer. The digitizer samples each of 8 inputs at 100 MHz with 12-bit resolution. Employing a large on-board FPGA, the board derives an energy, leading-edge time, and constant-fraction time from the input signal providing the functionality of a conventional analog electronics system. Readout and control of the digitizer is done over a VME bus. The digitizer's performance met all requirements for processing signals from the GRETINA spectrometer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cromaz, M.; Riot, V. J.; Fallon, P.; Gros, S.; Holmes, B.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Vu, C.; Yaver, H.; Zimmermann, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cromaz, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcromaz@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-65-CH11231] FX This work has been supported by the Director, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-65-CH11231. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 597 IS 2-3 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.07.137 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 388AA UT WOS:000261991500021 ER PT J AU Kamwanna, T Pasaja, N Yu, LD Vilaithong, T Anders, A Singkarat, S AF Kamwanna, T. Pasaja, N. Yu, L. D. Vilaithong, T. Anders, A. Singkarat, S. TI MeV-ion beam analysis of the interface between filtered cathodic arc-deposited a-carbon and single crystalline silicon SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS); Channeling; Amorphous carbon; Interface; Filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; VACUUM-ARC; FILMS; SURFACE; COATINGS; THIN AB Amorphous carbon (a-C) films were deposited on Si(I 00) wafers by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) plasma source. A negative electrical bias was applied to the silicon substrate in order to control the incident energy of carbon ions. Effects of the electrical bias on the a-C/Si interface characteristics were investigated by using standard Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) in the channeling mode with 2.1-MeV He(2+) ions. The shape of the Si surface peaks of the RBS/channeling spectra reflects the degree of interface disorder due to atomic displacement from the bulk position of the Si crystal. Details of the analysis method developed are described. It was found that the width of the a-C/Si interface increases linearly with the substrate bias voltage but not the thickness of the a-C film. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kamwanna, T.; Yu, L. D.; Vilaithong, T.; Singkarat, S.] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Pasaja, N.] Mahasarakham Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. [Anders, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kamwanna, T (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM teerasak@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 FU National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT); International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Vienna); Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Project (DPST); Thailand Research FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Vienna) for providing financial support. T. Kamwanna is deeply grateful to the scholarship from the Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Project (DPST). N. Pasaja wishes to thank the RGJ Ph.D. scholarship of the Thailand Research Fund. We thank Mr. C. Thongleurm of Institute for Science and Technology Research and Development, Chiang Mai University for technical assistance. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2008 VL 266 IS 24 BP 5175 EP 5179 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.09.013 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 386VR UT WOS:000261911200017 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, G Gupta, SD Mocko, M AF Chaudhuri, G. Gupta, S. Das Mocko, M. TI Isoscaling, symmetry energy and thermodynamic models SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Isoscaling; Symmetry energy; Canonical model; Multifragmenation ID NUCLEAR MULTIFRAGMENTATION AB The isoscaling parameter usually denoted by a depends upon both the symmetry energy coefficient and the isotopic contents of the dissociating systems. We compute a in theoretical models: first in a simple mean field model and then in thermodynamic models using both grand canonical and canonical ensembles. For finite systems the canonical ensemble is much more appropriate. The model values of alpha are compared with a much used standard formula. Next we turn to cases where in experiments. there are significant deviations from isoscaling. We show that in such cases, although the grand canonical model fails, the canonical model is capable of explaining the data. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chaudhuri, G.; Gupta, S. Das] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Mocko, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Chaudhuri, G (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM gargi@physics.mcgill.ca RI Mocko, Michal/B-1794-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Mocko, Michael/0000-0003-0447-4687 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Of Canada; National Science Foundation [PHY-0606007] FX This work is supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Of Canada and National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0606007. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 813 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphyst.2008.09.004 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 381QE UT WOS:000261550200007 ER PT J AU Hurth, T AF Hurth, Tobias TI New physics search in the LHCb era SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Theory, Phenomenology and Experiments in Heavy Flavour Physics CY JUN 16-18, 2008 CL Anacapri, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis ID FORM-FACTORS; DECAYS; FACTORIZATION; TRANSITIONS; CURRENTS; QUARK AB We present theoretical and experimental preparations for an indirect search for new physics (NP) using the rare decay (B) over bar (d) -> (K) over bar*(0)mu(+)mu(-). We design new observables with very small theoretical uncertainties and good experimental resolution. C1 [Hurth, Tobias] CERN, Theory Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hurth, T (reprint author), CERN, Theory Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 185 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.10.007 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 404PF UT WOS:000263164800010 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, V AF Papadimitriou, Vaia CA CDF Collaboration TI B Physics at CDF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Theory, Phenomenology and Experiments in Heavy Flavour Physics CY JUN 16-18, 2008 CL Anacapri, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis ID LIFETIME; DECAYS AB We present the latest measurements on production, spectroscopy, lifetimes and branching fractions for b-mesons, b-baryons and quarkonia. We also discuss recent results on B-s(0) mixing as well as on CP violation for the B-s(0) meson and for b-baryons. These results were obtained by analyzing data collected by the CDF II detector at Fermilab. C1 [Papadimitriou, Vaia] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Papadimitriou, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 185 BP 174 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.10.035 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 404PF UT WOS:000263164800027 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, PB AF Mackenzie, Paul B. TI Recent results in heavy quark physics from lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Theory, Phenomenology and Experiments in Heavy Flavour Physics CY JUN 16-18, 2008 CL Anacapri, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis AB I discuss several new results from lattice heavy quark physics that have appeared in the last year. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mackenzie, PB (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mackenzie@fnal.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 185 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.10.023 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 404PF UT WOS:000263164800029 ER PT J AU Forsberg, CW AF Forsberg, Charles W. TI NUCLEAR ENERGY FOR A LOW-CARBON-DIOXIDE-EMISSION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM WITH LIQUID FUELS SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liquid fuels; shale oil; biofuels; oil refining ID BIOFUELS; HYDROGENATION; BIOMASS; VISION; FUTURE AB The two major energy challenges for the United States are to replace crude oil in our transportation system and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A multilayer strategy to replace oil using nuclear energy and various carbon sources (fossil fuels, biomass, or air) is described that (a) allows the continued use of liquid fuels (ethanol, gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel) in the transport sector, (b) does not require major changes in lifestyle by the consumer, and (c) ultimately eliminates carbon dioxide emissions from the transport sector. Nuclear energy is used to provide electricity, heat, and ultimately hydrogen, with the hydrogen produced by either electrolysis or more advanced thermochemical production methods. In the near term, nuclear energy can provide low-temperature heat (steam) for ethanol production and electricity for transportation. Midterm options include low-temperature heat and limited quantities of hydrogen for processing cellulosic biomass into liquid fuels (ethanol and lignin-derived hydrocarbons) and providing high-temperature heat for (a) traditional refining and (b) underground oil production and refining. In the longer term, biomass becomes the feedstock for liquid-fuels production, with nuclear energy providing heat and large quantities of hydrogen for complete biomass conversion to hydrocarbon fuels. Nuclear energy could be used to provide over half the total energy required by the transportation system, and the use of oil in the transport sector could potentially be eliminated within several decades. C1 [Forsberg, Charles W.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Forsberg, Charles W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,24-207A, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cforsber@mit.edu NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 164 IS 3 BP 348 EP 367 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377DG UT WOS:000261231300004 ER PT J AU Chikazawa, Y Farmer, M Grandy, C AF Chikazawa, Yoshitaka Farmer, Mitchell Grandy, Cristoper TI TECHNOLOGY GAP ANALYSIS ON SODIUM-HEATED STEAM GENERATORS SUPPORTING ADVANCED BURNER REACTOR DEVELOPMENT SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fast reactor; sodium-heated steam generator; sodium-cooled reactor ID THERMAL-HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS; CR-1 MO STEEL; MATERIAL SELECTION; FERRITIC STEELS; MAIN COMPONENTS; EXPERIENCE; TUBES; FABRICATION; INSPECTION; DESIGN AB The goals of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) are to expand the use of nuclear energy to meet increasing global energy demand in an environmentally sustainable manner, to address nuclear waste management issues without making separated plutonium, and to address nonproliferation concerns. The Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR) is a fast reactor concept that supports the GNEP fuel cycle system. Since the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) and Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor (ALMR) projects were terminated in 1994, there has been no major development on sodium-cooled fast reactors in the United States. Therefore, in support of the GNEP ABR program, the history of sodium-cooled reactor development was reviewed to support the initiation of this technology within the United States and to gain an understanding of the technology gaps that may still remain for sodium fast reactor technology. A sodium-heated steam generator is one of the key components in the fast reactor system since it provides interface between sodium and water. In this gap analysis, information of fabrication and operation experiences in reactor plant steam generators and prototype steam generators was carefully reviewed, for example the Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant, the Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR), and Phenix steam generators; the Babcock & Wilcox helical coil tube, 70 MW; the Westinghouse double-wall tube, 70 MW; the Clinch River Breeder Reactor (CRBR) full-scale evaporator; the Superphenix prototype helical coil tube, 45 MW; the SNR-300 prototype straight tube, 50 MW; the SNR-300 prototype helical coil tube, 50 MW; and the Monju prototype helical coil tube, 50 MW The results of this evaluation indicate that straight and helical coil tube steam generators are the best immediate candidate designs for producing reliable steam generators for future sodium fast reactor applications. Though the design comparison suggested that the straight tube type has the advantages of compactness and ease of inspection, prototype tests revealed more technical problems than the helical modules. From the viewpoint of tube material, 21/4Cr steel has been well established, and Incoloy (R) 800,9Cr, and 12Cr steels are available as higher-performance materials. C1 [Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Farmer, Mitchell; Grandy, Cristoper] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chikazawa, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 4002 Narita, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393, Japan. EM chikazawa.yoshitaka@jaea.go.jp FU UChicago Argonne, LLC; DOE Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of ANL, a DOE Office of Science laboratory, operated under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 150 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 164 IS 3 BP 410 EP 432 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377DG UT WOS:000261231300007 ER PT J AU Wachs, DM Keiser, DD Porter, DL Kisohara, N AF Wachs, Daniel M. Keiser, Dennis D. Porter, Douglas L. Kisohara, Naoyuki TI EBR-II SUPERHEATER DUPLEX TUBE EXAMINATION SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charpy impact testing; duplex tube; scanning electron microscopy examination AB After 30 yr of operation, the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) Superheater 710 at Argonne National Laboratory-West (now Idaho National Laboratory) was decommissioned. As part of its postservice examination, four duplex tube sections were removed and Charpy impact testing was performed to characterize the crack-arresting ability of nickel-bonded tube interfaces. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination was also performed to characterize and identify changes in bond material microstructure. From room temperature to 400 degrees C, all samples demonstrated ductility and crack-stopping ability similar to that exhibited by beginning-of-life samples. However, at a low temperature (-50 degrees C), samples removed from the lower region of the superheater (near the sodium inlet) failed while those from the upper region (near the sodium outlet) did not. SEM analysis revealed that all the tube-tube interfaces showed evidence of iron diffusion into the nickel braze, which resulted in the formation of a multiphase diffusion structure. Yet, significant void formation was only observed in the bond layer of the tubes removed from the lower region. This may be due to a change in the crystal microstructure of one of the phases within the bond layer that occurs in the 350 to 450 degrees C temperature range, which results in a lower density and the formation of porosity. Apparently, only the samples from the higher-temperature region were exposed to this transition temperature, and the resulting large voids that developed acted as stress concentrators that led to low-temperature embrittlement and failure of the Charpy impact specimens. C1 [Wachs, Daniel M.; Keiser, Dennis D.; Porter, Douglas L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Kisohara, Naoyuki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, FBR Syst Design Grp, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393, Japan. RP Wachs, DM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Dennis.Keiser@inl.gov FU Japan Nuclear Corporation [85040] FX For their efforts in removing sections of the superheater tubes for examination, we thankfully acknowledge R. Batten, J. Graham, J. Wojciechowski, C. Landon, and R. Tessmer. We also acknowledge T. Totemeier and J. Simpson for their assistance in performing the Charpy impact tests and Japan Nuclear Corporation for funding through Work for Others Agreement 85040. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 164 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377DG UT WOS:000261231300010 ER PT J AU Rossi, M Demidov, ON Anderson, CW Appella, E Mazur, SJ AF Rossi, Matteo Demidov, Oleg N. Anderson, Carl W. Appella, Ettore Mazur, Sharlyn J. TI Induction of PPM1D following DNA-damaging treatments through a conserved p53 response element coincides with a shift in the use of transcription initiation sites SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TARGET GENE ACTIVATION; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; WILD-TYPE P53; BINDING-PROTEIN; HISTONE ACETYLATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; GENOTOXIC STRESS; HUMAN-CELLS; IN-VIVO AB PPM1D (Wip1), a type PP2C phosphatase, is expressed at low levels in most normal tissues but is overexpressed in several types of cancers. In cells containing wild-type p53, the levels of PPM1D mRNA and protein increase following exposure to genotoxic stress, but the mechanism of regulation by p53 was unknown. PPM1D also has been identified as a CREB-regulated gene due to the presence of a cyclic AMP response element (CRE) in the promoter. Transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments in HCT116 cells were used to characterize a conserved p53 response element located in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the PPM1D gene that is required for the p53-dependent induction of transcription from the human PPM1D promoter. CREB binding to the CRE contributes to the regulation of basal expression of PPM1D and directs transcription initiation at upstream sites. Following exposure to ultraviolet (UV) or ionizing radiation, the abundance of transcripts with short 5' UTRs increased in cells containing wild-type p53, indicating increased utilization of downstream transcription initiation sites. In cells containing wild-type p53, exposure to UV resulted in increased PPM1D protein levels even when PPM1D mRNA levels remained constant, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of PPM1D protein levels. C1 [Rossi, Matteo; Demidov, Oleg N.; Appella, Ettore; Mazur, Sharlyn J.] NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Anderson, Carl W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mazur, SJ (reprint author), NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bldg 37, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mazurs@mail.nih.gov OI Demidov, Oleg/0000-0003-4323-7174 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy FX The Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; a Laboratory Directed Research and Development Award at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Low Dose Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy (to C. W. A.). NR 82 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 22 BP 7168 EP 7180 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn888 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 386SY UT WOS:000261904100026 PM 19015127 ER PT J AU Lyness, J AF Lyness, J. N. TI Numerical evaluation of a fixed-amplitude variable-phase integral SO NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article DE Fixed-amplitude variable-phase integral; Stationary phase asymptotic expansions; Highly oscillatory integrands; Series inversion; Steepest descent integration ID HIGHLY OSCILLATORY INTEGRALS; QUADRATURE AB We treat the evaluation of a fixed-amplitude variable-phase integral of the form and has moderate differentiability in the integration interval. In particular, we treat in detail the case in which G'(a)=G'(b)=0, but G''(a)G''(b)< 0. For this, we re-derive a standard asymptotic expansion in inverse half-integer inverse powers of k. This derivation is direct, making no explicit appeal to the theories of stationary phase or steepest descent. It provides straightforward expressions for the coefficients in the expansion in terms of derivatives of G at the end-points. Thus it can be used to evaluate the integrals numerically in cases where k is large. We indicate the generalizations to the theory required to cover cases where the oscillator function G has higher order zeros at either or both end-points, but this is not treated in detail. In the simpler case in which G'(a)G'(b)> 0, the same approach would recover a special case of a recent result due to Iserles and Norsett. C1 [Lyness, J. N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lyness, J. N.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Lyness, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lyness@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The author was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1017-1398 J9 NUMER ALGORITHMS JI Numer. Algorithms PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1-4 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s11075-008-9166-y PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 368KA UT WOS:000260618800016 ER PT J AU Ringler, T Ju, LL Gunzburger, M AF Ringler, Todd Ju, Lili Gunzburger, Max TI A multiresolution method for climate system modeling: application of spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellations SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Voronoi diagram; Delaunay triangulation; Climate modeling; Multiresolution ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; VOLUME METHODS; ICE-SHEET; OCEAN; MESHES; GRIDS; 1/10-DEGREES; SIMULATION AB During the next decade and beyond, climate system models will be challenged to resolve scales and processes that are far beyond their current scope. Each climate system component has its prototypical example of an unresolved process that may strongly influence the global climate system, ranging from eddy activity within ocean models, to ice streams within ice sheet models, to surface hydrological processes within land system models, to cloud processes within atmosphere models. These new demands will almost certainly result in the develop of multiresolution schemes that are able, at least regionally, to faithfully simulate these fine-scale processes. Spherical centroidal Voronoi tessellations (SCVTs) offer one potential path toward the development of a robust, multiresolution climate system model components. SCVTs allow for the generation of high-quality Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulations through the use of an intuitive, user-defined density function. In each of the examples provided, this method results in high-quality meshes where the quality measures are guaranteed to improve as the number of nodes is increased. Real-world examples are developed for the Greenland ice sheet and the North Atlantic ocean. Idealized examples are developed for ocean-ice shelf interaction and for regional atmospheric modeling. In addition to defining, developing, and exhibiting SCVTs, we pair this mesh generation technique with a previously developed finite-volume method. Our numerical example is based on the nonlinear, shallow-water equations spanning the entire surface of the sphere. This example is used to elucidate both the po tential benefits of this multiresolution method and the challenges ahead. C1 [Ringler, Todd] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ju, Lili] Univ S Carolina, Dept Math, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Gunzburger, Max] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Dirac Sci Lib 400, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Ringler, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ringler@lanl.gov; ju@math.sc.edu; gunzburg@scs.fsu.edu FU DOE Office of Science Climate Change Prediction Program [DE-FG02-07ER64431, DE-FG02-07ER64432, DOE 07SCPF152] FX This work was supported by the DOE Office of Science Climate Change Prediction Program through DE-FG02-07ER64431, DE-FG02-07ER64432, and DOE 07SCPF152. The authors would like to thank Dr. Sebastien Legrand and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 43 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 IS 5-6 BP 475 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s10236-008-0157-2 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382CB UT WOS:000261581500010 ER PT J AU Nadiga, BT Aurnou, JM AF Nadiga, Balasubramanya T. Aurnou, Jonathan M. TI HANDS-ON OCEANOGRAPHY: A Tabletop Demonstration of Atmospheric Dynamics Baroclinic Instability SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Nadiga, Balasubramanya T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Aurnou, Jonathan M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Nadiga, BT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM balu@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 383UL UT WOS:000261699100034 ER PT J AU Yellampalle, B Kim, K Taylor, AJ AF Yellampalle, Balakishore Kim, KiYong Taylor, Antoniette J. TI Amplitude ambiguities in second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating: erratum (vol 32, pg 3558, 2007) SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Yellampalle, Balakishore; Taylor, Antoniette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM balakishorey@gmail.com NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 23 BP 2854 EP 2854 DI 10.1364/OL.33.002854 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 391BC UT WOS:000262206500044 ER PT J AU Fuchs, RK Allen, MR Condon, KW Reinwald, S Miller, LM McClenathan, D Keck, B Phipps, RJ Burr, DB AF Fuchs, R. K. Allen, M. R. Condon, K. W. Reinwald, S. Miller, L. M. McClenathan, D. Keck, B. Phipps, R. J. Burr, D. B. TI Calculating clinically relevant drug doses to use in animal studies SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter ID FRACTURE RISK REDUCTION; STRONTIUM RANELATE; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; BONE-FORMATION; WOMEN; RATS C1 [Fuchs, R. K.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Fuchs, R. K.; Allen, M. R.; Condon, K. W.; Reinwald, S.; Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Miller, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McClenathan, D.; Keck, B.; Phipps, R. J.] Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut, Mason, OH USA. [Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Fuchs, RK (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. EM rfuchs@iupui.edu; matallen@iupui.edu; kcondon@iupui.edu; sreinwald@iupui.edu; lmiller@bnl.gov; mcclenathan.dm@pg.com; keck.bd@pg.com; phipps.rj@pg.com; dburr@iupui.edu RI Allen, Matthew/A-8799-2015 OI Allen, Matthew/0000-0002-1174-9004 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1815 EP 1817 DI 10.1007/s00198-008-0741-9 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 366WR UT WOS:000260514800019 ER PT J AU Del-Castillo-Negrete, D Gonchar, VY Chechkin, AV AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D. Gonchar, V. Yu. Chechkin, A. V. TI Fluctuation-driven directed transport in the presence of Levy flights SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Levy flights; Langevin equation; Fractional Fokker-Planck equation ID EXTERNAL FORCE-FIELDS; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; EQUATIONS; LANGEVIN; NOISE; DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; WALKS AB The role of Levy flights on fluctuation-driven transport in time independent periodic potentials with broken spatial symmetry is studied. Two complementary approaches are followed. The first one is based on a generalized Langevin model describing overdamped dynamics in a ratchet type external potential driven by Levy white noise with stability index a in the range 1 < alpha < 2. The second approach is based on the space fractional Fokker-Planck equation describing the corresponding probability density function (PDF) of particle displacements. It is observed that, even in the absence of an external tilting force or a bias in the noise, the Levy flights drive the system out of the thermodynamic equilibrium and generate an up-hill current (i.e., a current in the direction of the steeper side of the asymmetric potential). For small values of the noise intensity there is an optimal value of alpha yielding the maximum current. The direction and magnitude of the current can be manipulated by changing the Levy noise asymmetry and the potential asymmetry. For a sharply localized initial condition, the PDF of staying at the minimum of the potential exhibits scaling behavior in time with an exponent bigger than the -1/alpha exponent corresponding to the force free case. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [del-Castillo-Negrete, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gonchar, V. Yu.; Chechkin, A. V.] Inst Theoret Phys NSC KIPT, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM delcastillod@ornl.gov RI Chechkin, Aleksei/D-2147-2015; OI del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-OOOR22725] FX D dCN acknowledge financial support from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-OOOR22725. NR 56 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 27 BP 6693 EP 6704 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2008.08.034 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 379NA UT WOS:000261402000001 ER PT J AU Haywood, T Oh, SH Kebede, A Pai, DM Sankar, J Christen, DK Pennycook, SJ Kumar, D AF Haywood, Talisha Oh, Sang Ho Kebede, Abebe Pai, Devdas M. Sankar, Jag Christen, David K. Pennycook, Stephen J. Kumar, Dhananjay TI Structural and flux-pinning properties of laser ablated YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) thin films: Effects of self-assembled CeO(2) nanodots on LaAlO(3) substrates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Nanodots; Critical current density; Pulsed laser deposition ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISPERSIONS; DEFECTS; CENTERS; DISKS AB Self-assembled nanodots of CeO(2) on (100) LaAlO(3) substrates, generated in situ by means of a pulsed laser deposition method prior to the deposition of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) films, have been used to modify the superconducting properties of resulting YBCO films. Structural characterization has indicated that CeO(2) layers grow via van der Merwe three-dimensional mode and the islands eventually acquire a pancake type of structure with lateral dimension several times larger than vertical dimension. The three-dimensional growth of CeO(2) islands with (100) preferred orientation is believed to be associated with its surface energy anisotropy. The magnetization versus temperature and magnetization versus field measurements and analysis have suggested that CeO(2) can affect the superconducting properties of YBCO films favorably or adversely depending on the density of CeO(2) nanodots on the substrate surfaces prior to the deposition of YBCO films. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oh, Sang Ho; Kebede, Abebe; Pai, Devdas M.; Sankar, Jag; Kumar, Dhananjay] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Haywood, Talisha] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Oh, Sang Ho; Christen, David K.; Pennycook, Stephen J.; Kumar, Dhananjay] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Mech & Chem Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM dkumar@ncat.edu FU NSF-NIRT [DMR-0403480]; Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures FX This work was supported by a NSF-NIRT Grant DMR-0403480 and by the Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 468 IS 23 BP 2313 EP 2316 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2008.07.008 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 377YV UT WOS:000261289200003 ER PT J AU Counts, WA Friak, M Battaile, CC Raabe, D Neugebauer, J AF Counts, W. A. Friak, M. Battaile, C. C. Raabe, D. Neugebauer, J. TI A comparison of polycrystalline elastic properties computed by analytic homogenization schemes and FEM SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modern Developments in Multiphysics Materials Simulations CY 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; AB-INITIO AB Body-center-cubic (BCC) magnesium-lithium alloys are a promising light-weight structural material. As a first step in a theoretically guided materials design strategy single crystal elastic coefficients for BCC magnesium-lithium alloys with different compositions were computed using ab initio methods. These single crystal elastic coefficients were then used to predict the corresponding polycrystalline elastic properties using various analytic homogenization techniques (Voigt, Reuss, and a self-consistent approach) as well as the finite element method. As expected, the Voigt and Reuss bounds form the upper and lower bounds on the polycrystalline elastic properties, which the predicted values of the self-consistent approach and finite element approaches fall in between. Additionally, the difference between the polycrystalline elastic properties derived from the self-consistent approach and the finite element method is small illustrating the power and value of the self-consistent approach for non-textured materials. (c) 2008 WILE-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Counts, W. A.; Friak, M.; Raabe, D.; Neugebauer, J.] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Battaile, C. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Raabe, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Max Planck Str 1, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM d.raabe@mpie.de RI Friak, Martin/F-9741-2014; Raabe, Dierk/A-6470-2009; Neugebauer, Joerg/K-2041-2015 OI Raabe, Dierk/0000-0003-0194-6124; Neugebauer, Joerg/0000-0002-7903-2472 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 245 IS 12 BP 2630 EP 2635 DI 10.1002/pssb.200844226 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 384GY UT WOS:000261734500003 ER PT J AU Haines, BM Aranson, IS Berlyand, L Karpeev, DA AF Haines, Brian M. Aranson, Igor S. Berlyand, Leonid Karpeev, Dmitry A. TI Effective viscosity of dilute bacterial suspensions: a two-dimensional model SO PHYSICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; MOTION; ORDER; MICROORGANISMS; TRANSITION; STRESS; SYSTEM; FLUID AB Suspensions of self-propelled particles are studied in the framework of two-dimensional (2D) Stokesean hydrodynamics. A formula is obtained for the effective viscosity of such suspensions in the limit of small concentrations. This formula includes the two terms that are found in the 2D version of Einstein's classical result for passive suspensions. To this, the main result of the paper is added, an additional term due to self-propulsion which depends on the physical and geometric properties of the active suspension. This term explains the experimental observation of a decrease in effective viscosity in active suspensions. C1 [Haines, Brian M.; Berlyand, Leonid] Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Aranson, Igor S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Karpeev, Dmitry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Haines, BM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Math, 418 McAllister Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1478-3967 J9 PHYS BIOL JI Phys. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 AR 046003 DI 10.1088/1478-3975/5/4/046003 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 385WD UT WOS:000261843400005 PM 19029599 ER PT J AU Csanak, G Kilcrease, DP Fursa, DV Bray, I AF Csanak, G. Kilcrease, D. P. Fursa, D. V. Bray, I. TI Creation, destruction, and transfer of atomic multipole moments by electron scattering: Quantum-mechanical treatment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-electron collisions; atomic moments; barium; electron impact excitation; hydrogen neutral atoms; quantum theory ID IMPACT EXCITATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPIN POLARIZATION; DENSITY MATRIX; GROUND-STATE; P-1 STATE; BA ATOMS; RELAXATION; COLLISIONS; HELIUM AB Using the wave-packet propagation method of Rodberg and Thaler and the density matrix method of Fano and Blum, we have defined by completely quantum-mechanical methods the cross sections for the creation, destruction, and transfer of atomic multipole moments by both elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons by atomic targets. All cross sections obtained quantum mechanically, except for the coherence transfer cross sections, agree in form with those obtained semiclassically by Fujimoto and co-workers. We also used the converged close-coupling (CCC) method to calculate numerically some of the above cross sections for selected transitions in electron scattering from hydrogen and barium atoms. C1 [Csanak, G.; Kilcrease, D. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fursa, D. V.; Bray, I.] Curtin Univ Technol, ARC Ctr Excellence Antimatter Matter Studies, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Csanak, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fursa, Dmitry/C-2301-2009; Bray, Igor/B-8586-2009; OI Fursa, Dmitry/0000-0002-3951-9016; Bray, Igor/0000-0001-7554-8044; Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 062716 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.062716 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OK UT WOS:000262242400107 ER PT J AU Reinhold, CO Yoshida, S Burgdorfer, J Mestayer, JJ Wyker, B Lancaster, JC Dunning, FB AF Reinhold, C. O. Yoshida, S. Burgdoerfer, J. Mestayer, J. J. Wyker, B. Lancaster, J. C. Dunning, F. B. TI Tailoring very-high-n circular wave packets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-photon collisions; Rydberg states ID CLASSICAL-THEORY; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; RYDBERG STATES; DYNAMICS; FIELDS AB We describe a protocol to generate transiently localized circular wave packets in very-high-n Rydberg states. These are created from strongly polarized quasi-one-dimensional Rydberg states by applying a transverse pulsed electric field. The resulting wave packet becomes transiently localized as the result of focusing and travels in a nearly circular Bohr-like orbit around the nucleus for several orbital periods. The localization properties can be controlled by carefully choosing the shape of the field pulse, in particular, its rise and fall times. Remarkably, the wave packets exhibit classical revivals after the initial dephasing on time scales shorter than those expected for quantum revivals. C1 [Reinhold, C. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reinhold, C. O.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yoshida, S.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Mestayer, J. J.; Wyker, B.; Lancaster, J. C.; Dunning, F. B.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Mestayer, J. J.; Wyker, B.; Lancaster, J. C.; Dunning, F. B.] Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Reinhold, CO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 FU NSF [0650732]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-0734]; UT-Batelle LLC [AC05-00OR22725]; FWF (Austria) [SFB016] FX Research supported by the NSF under Grant No. 0650732, the Robert A. Welch Foundation under Grant No. C-0734, the OBES, U. S. DOE to ORNL, which is managed by the UT-Batelle LLC under Contract No. AC05-00OR22725, and by the FWF (Austria) under Contact No. SFB016. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063413 PN B PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500015 ER PT J AU Sharma, R Reddy, S AF Sharma, Rishi Reddy, Sanjay TI Mean-field analysis of pairing in asymmetric Fermi systems at finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE chemical potential; fermion systems; phase diagrams; phase transformations; superfluidity ID LARKIN-OVCHINNIKOV PHASES; EXCHANGE FIELD; NUCLEAR-MATTER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERFLUIDITY; CONDENSATE; TRANSITION; DIAGRAM; STATE; GAS AB We study the phase diagram of a two component Fermi system with a weak attractive interaction. Our analysis includes the leading order Hartree energy shifts and pairing correlations at finite temperature and chemical potential difference between the two fermion species. We show that in an asymmetric system, the Hartree shift to the single particle energies is important for the phase competition between normal and superfluid phase and can change the phase transition curve qualitatively. At large chemical potential asymmetry we find that a somewhat fragile superfluid state can be favored due to finite-temperature effects. We also investigate the transition between the normal phase and an inhomogeneous superfluid phase to study how gradient instabilities evolve with temperature and asymmetry. Finally, we adopt our analysis to study the density profiles of similar asymmetric Fermi systems that are being observed in cold-atom experiments. C1 [Sharma, Rishi; Reddy, Sanjay] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rishi@lanl.gov; reddy@lanl.gov FU Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36]; LANL/LDRD Program FX R. S. thanks Krishna Rajagopal for discussions and suggestions. The authors also acknowledge discussions with Michael Forbes, Joe Carlson, Mark Alford, and Alex Gezerlis. The authors also thank an anonymous referee for valuable suggestions. This research was supported by the Department of Energy under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 and by the LANL/LDRD Program. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063609 PN B PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500035 ER PT J AU Strecker, KE Chandler, DW AF Strecker, Kevin E. Chandler, David W. TI Kinematic production of isolated millikelvin molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-molecule collisions; molecular beams; nitrogen compounds; radiation pressure; rotational states; vibrational states ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; FERMI GAS; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; ARGON AB Recently we developed a technique for producing cold molecules from a supersonic molecular beam via single collisions with a supersonic atomic beam [M. S. Elioff, J. J. Valentini, and D. W. Chandler, Science 302, 1940 (2003)]. This cooling technique necessarily produces the cold molecules at the relatively high density crossing of the atomic and molecular beams. In previous reports, secondary glancing collisions with the remnant atomic and molecular beams lead to rapid depletion of the cold molecules limiting the observation time to less than 10 mu s with an estimated temperature of 440 mK. Here we present experimental conditions for the kinematic cooling technique which overcome the limitations of the previous experiments. We demonstrate the success of this experiment for the production of cold nitric oxide (NO) in the ground vibrational, j=7.5 rotational, state in order to compare with our previously reported data. With the present setup, we are able to extract the cold molecules from the pulsed molecular and atomic beams and we observe these cold NO(X)(j=7.5) persisting for over 150 mu s. This long observation time demonstrates our ability to temporally and spatially separate the cold molecules from the parent atomic and molecular beams, simultaneously allowing for a better measurement of the final average velocity for the kinematically cooled molecules. From the data we find a final average velocity of the NO(X)(j=7.5) of approximately 4.5 m/s, consistent with simulations. The final observed average velocity is equated to a temperature of approximately 35 mK, over an order of magnitude colder than our previous measurements. C1 [Strecker, Kevin E.; Chandler, David W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Strecker, KE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kstreck@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063406 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500008 ER PT J AU Varma, HR Pan, L Beck, DR Santra, R AF Varma, Hari R. Pan, Lin Beck, Donald R. Santra, Robin TI X-ray-absorption near-edge structure of laser-dressed neon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-photon collisions; configuration interactions; Dirac-Fock calculations; dressed states; neon; perturbation theory; XANES ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; AUGER EMISSION; EXCITATION; DECAY; STATE AB Using an improved value for the energy splitting between the 1s(-1)3s (1)S(0) and 1s(-1)3p (1)P(1) states, electromagnetically induced transparency for x rays at the 1s -> 3p resonance in Ne is reassessed. The energy splitting between the 1s(-1)3s (1)S(0) and 1s(-1)3p (1)P(1) states is calculated with two independent approaches. In the first approach, first-order nonrelativistic many-body perturbation theory is employed. In the second approach, the Dirac-Fock method is combined with the relativistic configuration interaction method. Both approaches give an energy splitting of 1.88 eV. The calculated x-ray absorption near-edge structure of laser-dressed Ne agrees closely with an earlier prediction. It may therefore be expected that at a laser intensity of 10(13) W/cm(2), the 1s -> 3p x-ray absorption cross section of Ne is suppressed by more than an order of magnitude. C1 [Varma, Hari R.; Santra, Robin] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pan, Lin; Beck, Donald R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Santra, Robin] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Varma, HR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rsantra@anl.gov RI Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0097111] FX We thank Christian Bressler, Christian Buth, Elliot P. Kanter, Stephen H. Southworth, Wilfried Wurth, and Linda Young for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Lin Pan and Donald R. Beck gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation, Grant No. PHY-0097111. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.065401 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500094 ER PT J AU Wall, TE Kanem, JF Hudson, JJ Sauer, BE Cho, D Boshier, MG Hinds, EA Tarbutt, MR AF Wall, T. E. Kanem, J. F. Hudson, J. J. Sauer, B. E. Cho, D. Boshier, M. G. Hinds, E. A. Tarbutt, M. R. TI Lifetime of the A(v(')=0) state and Franck-Condon factor of the A-X(0-0) transition of CaF measured by the saturation of laser-induced fluorescence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE calcium compounds; excited states; fluorescence; hyperfine structure; radiative lifetimes; spectral line broadening ID HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; SPIN-ROTATION; MOLECULES AB We describe a method for determining the radiative decay properties of a molecule by studying the saturation of laser-induced fluorescence and the associated power broadening of spectral lines. The fluorescence saturates because the molecules decay to states that are not resonant with the laser. The amplitudes and widths of two hyperfine components of a spectral line are measured over a range of laser intensities and the results compared to a model of the laser-molecule interaction. Using this method we measure the lifetime of the A(v(')=0) state of CaF to be tau=19.2 +/- 0.7 ns, and the Franck-Condon factor for the transition to the X(v=0) state to be Z=0.987(-0.019)(+0.013). In addition, our analysis provides a measure of the hyperfine interval in the lowest-lying state of A(v(')=0), Delta(e)=4.8 +/- 1.1 MHz. C1 [Wall, T. E.; Kanem, J. F.; Hudson, J. J.; Sauer, B. E.; Hinds, E. A.; Tarbutt, M. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Ctr Cold Matter, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Cho, D.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Boshier, M. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wall, TE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Ctr Cold Matter, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. RI Hudson, Jony/A-2386-2011; Wall, Thomas/C-5218-2012; Boshier, Malcolm/A-2128-2017; OI Wall, Thomas/0000-0001-6012-0432; Boshier, Malcolm/0000-0003-0769-1927; Tarbutt, Michael/0000-0003-2713-9531 NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 062509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.062509 PN A PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OK UT WOS:000262242400089 ER PT J AU Yoshida, S Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J Zhao, W Mestayer, JJ Lancaster, JC Dunning, FB AF Yoshida, S. Reinhold, C. O. Burgdoerfer, J. Zhao, W. Mestayer, J. J. Lancaster, J. C. Dunning, F. B. TI Extracting irreversible dephasing rates from electric dipole echoes in Rydberg Stark wave packets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atomic moments; electric moments; Rydberg states; Stark effect; stochastic processes ID HYDROGEN-ATOMS; STATES; VIEW AB The precession of an electric dipole moment in an external electric field can be reversed by reversing the field direction. This time-reversal operation allows study of coherence in the time evolution of Rydberg Stark wave packets by measuring the resulting echoes. Different sources of reversible dephasing and irreversible dephasing, i.e., decoherence, are discussed in detail. Stochastic interactions with the environment are simulated in a controlled manner by using artificially synthesized noise. The rate of irreversible dephasing is determined from the reduction of the echo amplitude under multiple field reversals. C1 [Yoshida, S.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Reinhold, C. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reinhold, C. O.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhao, W.; Mestayer, J. J.; Lancaster, J. C.; Dunning, F. B.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Zhao, W.; Mestayer, J. J.; Lancaster, J. C.; Dunning, F. B.] Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Yoshida, S (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 FU OBES; U. S. DOE; UT-Batelle LLC [DE-4C05-00OR22725]; NSF [PHY-0650732]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-0734]; [FWF-SFB016] FX S.Y. and J. B. acknowledge support by the FWF-SFB016 (Austria). C. O. R. acknowledges support by the OBES and U. S. DOE to ORNL, which is managed by the UT-Batelle LLC under Contract No. DE-4C05-00OR22725. Research at Rice is supported by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-0650732 and by the Robert A. Welch Foundation under Grant No. C-0734. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063414 PN B PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500016 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Rolles, D Pesic, ZD Bozek, JD Berrah, N AF Zhang, H. Rolles, D. Pesic, Z. D. Bozek, J. D. Berrah, N. TI Angular distributions of inner-shell photoelectrons from rare-gas clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE argon; atomic clusters; fine structure; krypton; molecule-photon collisions; photoelectron spectra; photoionisation; time of flight spectra; xenon ID CORE-LEVEL PHOTOELECTRON; FREE ARGON CLUSTERS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ENERGY SHIFTS; SIZE; SPECTROSCOPY; AR; EXCITATION; KRYPTON; STATES AB The photoionization of Ar, Kr, and Xe rare-gas clusters was investigated using angle-resolved time-of-flight photoelectron spectroscopy. Fine-structure-resolved photoelectron angular distributions were determined for the Ar 2p, Kr 3d, and Xe 4d core levels and the Ar 3s inner-valence level as a function of photon energy for two average cluster sizes. Overall, the angular distributions of inner-shell photoelectrons from the cluster and the free atom are found to be very similar, except for the first 10-15 eV above the respective photoionization thresholds, where the angular anisotropy of the atomic photoelectrons is high, while our measurements demonstrate considerably less anisotropy in the cluster photoelectron emission. The angular distribution of Ar 3s inner-valence photoelectrons from the cluster is substantially less anisotropic than for the atomic photoelectrons throughout the covered photon energy range, but the difference decreases for increasing photon energy. C1 [Zhang, H.; Rolles, D.; Pesic, Z. D.; Berrah, N.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Rolles, D.] Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, Max Planck Adv Study Grp, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Bozek, J. D.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rolles, D.; Pesic, Z. D.; Bozek, J. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM Daniel.Rolles@asg.mpg.de RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 FU U. S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division. D. R. is grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support through the Feodor Lynen program. We thank the staff of the ALS, in particular B. S. Rude, G. D. Ackerman, and A. L. D. Kilcoyne, as well as S. Das and A. A. Wills, for their assistance during the experiments. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063201 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500002 ER PT J AU Abanov, A Chubukov, AV Norman, MR AF Abanov, Ar. Chubukov, A. V. Norman, M. R. TI Gap anisotropy and universal pairing scale in a spin-fluctuation model of cuprate superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE d-wave superconductivity; exchange interactions (electron); Fermi surface; fluctuations in superconductors; high-temperature superconductors; spin fluctuations ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; FERMI-LIQUID; T-C AB We consider the evolution of d(x)(2)-y(2) pairing, mediated by nearly critical spin fluctuations, with the coupling strength. We show that the onset temperature for pairing, T(*), smoothly evolves between weak and strong couplings passing through a broad maximum at intermediate coupling. At strong coupling, T(*) is of order of the magnetic exchange energy J. We argue that for all couplings, pairing is confined to the vicinity of the Fermi surface. We also find that thermal spin fluctuations only modestly reduce T(*), even at criticality, but they substantially smooth the gap anisotropy. The latter evolves with coupling being the largest at weak coupling. C1 [Abanov, Ar.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chubukov, A. V.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Norman, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abanov, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 FU Welch Foundation; NSF [DMR 0604406]; Office of Science; U. S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with M. Eschrig, I. Eremin, A. J. Millis, A.-M. Tremblay, and I. Vekhter, support from the Welch Foundation(Ar. A.), NSF under Grant No. DMR 0604406 (A. V. C.), and the Office of Science, U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (M. R. N.). NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 220507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.220507 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200013 ER PT J AU Altarawneh, MM Collar, K Mielke, CH Ni, N Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Altarawneh, M. M. Collar, K. Mielke, C. H. Ni, N. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Determination of anisotropic H-c2 up to 60 T in Ba0.55K0.45Fe2As2 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; iron compounds; penetration depth (superconductivity); phase diagrams; potassium compounds; superconducting critical field; type II superconductors ID SUPERCONDUCTOR AB The radio frequency penetration depth was measured in the superconductor (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2 under pulsed magnetic fields extending to 60 T and down to 14 K. Using these data we are able to infer a H-c2(T), H-T phase diagram, for applied fields parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis. The upper critical-field curvature is different for the respective orientations, but they each remains positive down to 14 K. The upper critical-field anisotropy is moderate, approximate to 3.5 close to T-c, and drops with the decrease in temperature, reaching approximate to 1.2 at 14 K. These data and analysis indicate that (i) (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2 anisotropy diminishes with temperature and has an unusual temperature dependence and (ii) H-c2(T=0) for this compound may easily approach fields of 75 T. C1 [Altarawneh, M. M.; Collar, K.; Mielke, C. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ni, N.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Altarawneh, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 FU U. S. Department of Energy; Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; NSF [DMR 0602859]; James Brooks of Florida State University; NNSA/DOE research [DE-FG52-06NA26193]; NSF Division of Materials Research [DMR-0654118]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [LDRD-DR20070013] FX We would like to thank James Brooks for valuable scientific discussion. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. M. M. A was supported in part by NSF under Contract No. DMR 0602859 through the research grant of James Brooks of Florida State University. K. C. was supported in part by the NNSA/DOE research under Grant No. DE-FG52-06NA26193 of Stan Tozer of Florida State University. Work at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory-Pulsed Field Facility, Los Alamos National Laboratory was supported by NSF Division of Materials Research through Contract No. DMR-0654118, the U. S. Department of Energy, and the State of Florida. Advances in contactless penetration depth technology are credited to Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract No. LDRD-DR20070013). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by LANS LLC. NR 10 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 220505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.220505 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200011 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Klimczuk, T Ronning, F Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Curro, NJ AF Baek, S. -H. Klimczuk, T. Ronning, F. Bauer, E. D. Thompson, J. D. Curro, N. J. TI Microscopic As-75 NMR study of the effect of impurities on the first-order spin-density-wave transition in BaFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE arsenic alloys; barium alloys; iron alloys; magnetic transitions; nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear spin-lattice relaxation; spin density waves; spin fluctuations; superconducting transition temperature ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; 43 K; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We report an As-75 NMR study of BaFe2As2 in both single crystals and polycrystal forms. We find that Sn impurities in the single crystal dramatically alter the low energy spin fluctuations and suppress the ordering temperature from 138 to 85 K. In contrast to Sn-free samples, we find that the temperature dependence of the As-75 NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation rates reveal a second-order phase transition to a state of incommensurate magnetic order. C1 [Baek, S. -H.; Klimczuk, T.; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klimczuk, T.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. [Curro, N. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sbaek@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; Baek, Seung-Ho/F-4733-2011 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237; Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Baek, Seung-Ho/0000-0002-0059-8255 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 212509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.212509 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400023 ER PT J AU Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP AF Belashchenko, K. D. Antropov, V. P. TI Role of covalent Fe-As bonding in the magnetic moment formation and exchange mechanisms in iron-pnictide superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; band structure; bonds (chemical); high-temperature superconductors; iron compounds; lithium compounds; local moments; magnetic anisotropy; superexchange interactions ID 1ST-PRINCIPLES; ADSORPTION; SURFACE AB The electronic origin of the huge magnetostructural effect in layered Fe-As compounds is elucidated using LiFeAs as a prototype. The crucial feature of these materials is the strong covalent bonding between Fe and As, which tends to suppress the exchange splitting. The bonding-antibonding splitting is very sensitive to the distance between Fe and As nuclei. We argue that the fragile interplay between bonding and magnetism is universal for this family of compounds. The exchange interaction is analyzed in real space, along with its correlation with covalency and doping. The range of interaction and itinerancy increase as the Fe-As distance is decreased. Superexchange makes a large antiferromagnetic contribution to the nearest-neighbor coupling, which develops large anisotropy when the local moment is not too small. This anisotropy is very sensitive to doping. C1 [Belashchenko, K. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Belashchenko, K. D.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Antropov, V. P.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Belashchenko, KD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490 FU Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We thank Mark van Schilfgaarde for the use of his LMTO codes and Igor Mazin for useful comments. K. D. B. is a Cottrell Scholar of Research Corporation. Support from the Nebraska Research Initiative is acknowledged. Work at Ames Laboratory was supported by Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 212505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.212505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400019 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Koshelev, AE Tachiki, M AF Bulaevskii, L. N. Koshelev, A. E. Tachiki, M. TI Shapiro steps and stimulated radiation of electromagnetic waves due to Josephson oscillations in layered superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic waves; high-temperature superconductors; Josephson effect ID EFFECT VOLTAGE STANDARD; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; JUNCTIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; FLOW AB Single crystals of layered high-temperature superconductors intrinsically behave as stacks of Josephson junctions. We analyze response of current-biased stack of intrinsic junctions to irradiation by the external electromagnetic (em) wave. In addition to well-known Shapiro steps in the current-voltage characteristics, irradiation promotes stimulated radiation which adds with spontaneous Josephson radiation from the crystal. Such enhancement of radiation from current-biased crystal may be used for amplification of em waves. Irradiation also facilitates synchronization of Josephson oscillations in all intrinsic Josephson junctions of a single crystal as well as oscillations in intrinsic junctions of different crystals. C1 [Bulaevskii, L. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Koshelev, A. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tachiki, M.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Kashiwanoha 2778568, Japan. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 FU U. S. DOE [W-7405-Eng-36, DE-AC0206CH11357] FX The authors thank I. Martin for useful discussions. The research was supported by the U. S. DOE under the Contracts No. W-7405-Eng-36 (LANL) and No. DE-AC0206CH11357 (ANL). NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224519 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200087 ER PT J AU Burns, CA Mulders, N Lurio, L Chan, MHW Said, A Kodituwakku, CN Platzman, PM AF Burns, C. A. Mulders, N. Lurio, L. Chan, M. H. W. Said, A. Kodituwakku, C. N. Platzman, P. M. TI X-ray studies of low-temperature solid He-4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE annealing; grain boundaries; lattice constants; melting; mosaic structure; solid helium; X-ray analysis ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; CRYSTALS; SUBBOUNDARIES; TOPOGRAPHY; HELIUM AB Recent measurements have found nonclassical rotational inertia (NCRI) in solid He-4 starting at T similar to 200 mK, leading to speculation that a supersolid state may exist in these materials. Differences in the NCRI fraction due to the growth method and annealing history imply that defects play an important role in the effect. Using x-ray synchrotron radiation, we have studied the nature of the crystals and the properties of the defects in solid He-4 at temperatures down to 50 mK. Measurements of peak intensities and lattice parameters do not show indications of the supersolid transition. Using growth methods similar to those of groups measuring the NCRI, we find that large crystals (dimensions similar to millimeters) form. Scanning with a small (down to 10x10 mu m(2)) beam, we resolve a mosaic structure within these crystals, which is consistent with small-angle grain boundaries. The mosaic shows significant shifts over time even at temperatures far from melting. We discuss the relevance of these defects to the NCRI observations. C1 [Burns, C. A.; Said, A.; Kodituwakku, C. N.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Mulders, N.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lurio, L.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60615 USA. [Chan, M. H. W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Said, A.; Kodituwakku, C. N.] Argonne Natl Lab, XOR, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Platzman, P. M.] Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Burns, CA (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. FU DOE [DE-FG01-05ER05-02]; NSF [DMR 020701, DMR 0706339]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH113] FX C. A. B. acknowledges support for this project from DOE under Grant No. DE-FG01-05ER05-02, and M. H. W. C. acknowledges support from NSF under Grants No. DMR 020701 and No. DMR 0706339. We thank the staff at Sector 8 of the APS for the assistance with the measurements. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the , Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH113 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224305 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200044 ER PT J AU Chantis, AN Smith, DL AF Chantis, Athanasios N. Smith, Darryl L. TI Theory of electrical spin-detection at a ferromagnet/semiconductor interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; ferromagnetic materials; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; interface magnetism; iron; magnesium compounds; magnetic tunnelling; semiconductor-metal boundaries; spin polarised transport ID SEMICONDUCTOR; INJECTION; TRANSPORT; BARRIER AB We present a theoretical model that describes electrical spin-detection at a ferromagnet/semiconductor interface. We show that the sensitivity of the spin-detector has strong bias dependence which, in the general case, is dramatically different from that of the tunneling current spin polarization. We show that this bias dependence originates from two distinct physical mechanisms: (1) the bias dependence of tunneling current spin polarization, which is of microscopic origin and depends on the specific properties of the interface and (2) the macroscopic electron-spin transport properties in the semiconductor. Numerical results show that the magnitude of the voltage signal can be tuned over a wide range from the second effect which suggests a universal method for enhancing electrical spin-detection sensitivity in ferromagnet/semiconductor tunnel contacts. Using first-principles calculations we examine the particular case of a Fe/GaAs Schottky tunnel barrier and find very good agreement with experiment. We also predict the bias dependence of the voltage signal for a Fe/MgO/GaAs tunnel structure spin-detector. C1 [Chantis, Athanasios N.; Smith, Darryl L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chantis, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Chantis, Athanasios/0000-0001-7933-0579 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences Work [08SCPE973] FX This work was supported by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences Work Proposal No. 08SCPE973. We thank S. A. Crooker and P. A. Crowell for many valuable discussions. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 235317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235317 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400080 ER PT J AU Choi, KY Wulferding, D Lemmens, P Ni, N Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Choi, K. -Y. Wulferding, D. Lemmens, P. Ni, N. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Lattice and electronic anomalies of CaFe2As2 studied by Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE calcium compounds; electronic density of states; iron compounds; light scattering; phonons; Raman spectra; solid-state phase transformations; spectral line breadth ID 43 K; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAO1-XFXFEAS; COMPOUND AB We report inelastic light-scattering experiments on CaFe2As2 in the temperature range of 4-290 K. In in-plane polarizations two Raman-active phonon modes are observed at 189 and 211 cm(-1), displaying A(1g) and B-1g symmetries, respectively. Upon heating through the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition at about T-S=173 K, the B-1g phonon undergoes a discontinuous drop of frequency by 4 cm(-1), whereas the A(1g) phonon shows a suppression of the integrated intensity. Their linewidth increases strongly with increasing temperature and saturates above T-S. This suggests (i) a first-order structural phase transition and (ii) a drastic change in charge distribution within the FeAs plane through T-S. C1 [Choi, K. -Y.] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. [Wulferding, D.; Lemmens, P.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Ni, N.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ni, N.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Choi, KY (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, 221 Huksuk Dong, Seoul 156756, South Korea. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Lemmens, Peter/C-8398-2009; OI Lemmens, Peter/0000-0002-0894-3412; Wulferding, Dirk/0000-0003-4279-2109 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 212503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.212503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400017 ER PT J AU Chuang, FC Hsu, CH Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Chuang, Feng-Chuan Hsu, Chia-Hsiu Wang, Cai-Zhuang Ho, Kai-Ming TI Atomic and electronic structures of Ag/Si(111)-c(12x2) surface: A first-principles study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; electronic structure; elemental semiconductors; molecular dynamics method; photoelectron spectra; scanning tunnelling microscopy; silicon; silver; surface reconstruction; surface states; tight-binding calculations; total energy ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(111); RECONSTRUCTION; AG; ADSORPTION; 3X1; INTERFACE; METALS; SILVER AB Structural models for the Ag/Si(111)-c(12x2) phase were identified from a systematic search using tight-binding molecular dynamics and first-principles total-energy calculations. Our calculations showed that the low-energy c(12x2) and 6x1 structures can be derived from the well-known honeycomb chain-channel 3x1 model. Two c(12x2) models are found to have lower surface energies than both the 3x1 and 6x1 models, which is consistent with the experimental observation. A distinct feature of the c(12x2) structure is the dimer formation induced by lateral displacements of Ag atoms within the same row in the 6x1 phase. Different packing patterns of the Ag dimers with the same surface area can lead to either 6x2 or c(12x2) phase with very similar energies. Simulated scanning tunneling microscope images from our c(12x2) structure are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurement. Moreover, the lowest-energy c(12x2) structure identified from our calculations also reproduces the key features in the angle-resolved photoemission measurement. C1 [Chuang, Feng-Chuan; Hsu, Chia-Hsiu] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. [Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Ho, Kai-Ming] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chuang, FC (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. EM fchuang@mail.nsysu.edu.tw RI Chuang, FengChuan/H-7166-2013 OI Chuang, FengChuan/0000-0003-0351-4253 FU NCST; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC95-2112-M110-022-MY3]; National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) in Berkeley; U. S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC0207CH11358] FX F. C. C. acknowledges support from NCST and National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant No. NSC95-2112-M110-022-MY3. We are grateful to the National Center for High-performance Computing for computer time and facilities. C. Z. W. and K. M. H. acknowledge support from the Director of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, which includes a grant of computer time at the National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) in Berkeley. Ames Laboratory was operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC0207CH11358. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245418 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400085 ER PT J AU Culcer, D Winkler, R AF Culcer, Dimitrie Winkler, R. TI Weak momentum scattering and the conductivity of graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE carbon; carrier density; electrical conductivity; Liouville equation; semiconductor materials; spin Hall effect; spin polarised transport; spin-orbit interactions ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; QUANTUM AB Electrical transport in graphene offers a fascinating parallel to spin transport in semiconductors including the spin-Hall effect. In the weak momentum scattering regime the steady-state density matrix contains two contributions: one is linear in the carrier number density n and characteristic scattering time tau, and the other is independent of either. In this paper we take the Liouville equation as our starting point and demonstrate that these two contributions can be identified with pseudospin conservation and nonconservation, respectively, and are connected in a nontrivial manner by scattering processes. The scattering term has a distinct form, which is peculiar to graphene and has important consequences in transport. The contribution linear in tau is analogous to the part of the spin-density matrix which yields a steady-state spin density, while the contribution independent of tau is analogous to the part of the spin-density matrix which yields a steady-state spin current. Unlike in systems with spin-orbit interactions, the n- and tau-independent part of the conductivity is reinforced in the weak momentum scattering regime by scattering between the conserved and nonconserved pseudospin distributions. C1 [Culcer, Dimitrie] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Culcer, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are very grateful to Allan MacDonald, Qian Niu, Branislav Nikolic, Horst Stormer, Philip Kim, Shaffique Adam, Bjorn Trauzettel, Maxim Trushin, Di Xiao, Wang Yao, Wang Kong Tse, Handong Chen, and Sun Wukong for stimulating discussions. The research at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 235417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235417 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400103 ER PT J AU Da Silva, JLF Walsh, A Lee, HL AF Da Silva, Juarez L. F. Walsh, Aron Lee, Hosun TI Insights into the structure of the stable and metastable (GeTe)(m)(Sb2Te3)(n) compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; antimony compounds; germanium compounds; lattice constants; metastable states; phase change materials; stacking faults; superlattices; vacancies (crystal) ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SB-TE; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; GETE; GE2SB2TE5; MEMORY; FILMS AB Using first-principles calculations, we identify the mechanisms that lead to the lowest energy structures for the stable and metastable (GeTe)(m)(Sb2Te3)(n) (GST) compounds, namely, strain energy release by the formation of superlattice structures along of the hexagonal [0001] direction and by maximizing the number of Te atoms surrounded by three Ge and three Sb atoms (3Ge-Te-3Sb rule) and Peierls-type bond dimerization. The intrinsic vacancies form ordered planes perpendicular to the stacking direction in both phases, which separate the GST building blocks. The 3Ge-Te-3Sb rule leads to the intermixing of Ge and Sb atoms in the (0001) planes for Ge3Sb2Te6 and Ge2Sb2Te5, while only single atomic species in the (0001) planes satisfy this rule for the GeSb2Te4 and GeSb4Te7 compositions. Furthermore, we explain the volume expansion of the metastable phase with respect to the stable phase as a consequence of the different stacking sequence of the Te atoms in the stable and metastable phases, which leads to a smaller Coulomb repulsion in the stable phase. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters are in excellent agreement with experimental results and differ by less than 1% from the lattice parameters derived from a combination of the GeTe and Sb2Te3 parent compounds. C1 [Da Silva, Juarez L. F.; Walsh, Aron] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lee, Hosun] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Suwon 446701, South Korea. RP Da Silva, JLF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008; Da Silva, Juarez L. F./D-1779-2011 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033; Da Silva, Juarez L. F./0000-0003-0645-8760 NR 53 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224111 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200027 ER PT J AU Das, N Tsui, S Xue, YY Wang, YQ Chu, CW AF Das, N. Tsui, S. Xue, Y. Y. Wang, Y. Q. Chu, C. W. TI Electric-field-induced submicrosecond resistive switching SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE calcium compounds; electromigration; electron traps; hole traps; metal-insulator boundaries; point defects; praseodymium compounds; silver; switching ID RESISTANCE; SOLIDS AB Electric-field-induced resistive switching in metal-oxide interfaces has attracted extensive recent interest. While many agree that lattice defects play a key role, details of the physical processes are far from clear. There is debate, for example, regarding whether the electromigration of pre-existing point defects or the field-created larger lattice defects dominates the switch. We investigate several Ag-Pr(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3) samples exhibiting either submicrosecond fast switching or slow quasistatic dc switching. It is found that the carrier trapping potentials are very different for the pre-existing point defects associated with doping (and/or electromigration) and for the defects responsible for the submicrosecond fast switching. Creation/removal of the defects with more severe lattice distortions and spatial spreading (trapping potential >= 0.35 eV), therefore, should be the dominating mechanism during submicrosecond switching. On the other hand, the shallow defects (trapping potential < 0.2 eV) associated with doping/annealing are most likely responsible for the resistance hysteresis (slow switch) during quasistatic voltage sweep. C1 [Das, N.; Tsui, S.; Xue, Y. Y.; Wang, Y. Q.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Das, N.; Tsui, S.; Xue, Y. Y.; Wang, Y. Q.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chu, C. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Das, N (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 235418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235418 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400104 ER PT J AU Eliseev, EA Morozovska, AN Svechnikov, GS Rumyantsev, EL Shishkin, EI Shur, VY Kalinin, SV AF Eliseev, E. A. Morozovska, A. N. Svechnikov, G. S. Rumyantsev, E. L. Shishkin, E. I. Shur, V. Y. Kalinin, S. V. TI Screening and retardation effects on 180 degrees-domain wall motion in ferroelectrics: Wall velocity and nonlinear dynamics due to polarization-screening charge interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE dielectric depolarisation; dielectric polarisation; dielectric relaxation; electric domain walls; ferroelectric capacitors ID HIGHLY-NONEQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS; PBZRXTI1-XO3 THIN-FILMS; DOMAIN-WALLS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; BARIUM-TITANATE; SWITCHING TIME; SURFACE; BATIO3; DEPENDENCE AB The effect of the domain wall intrinsic width, relaxation time of the screening charges, and the dead layer thickness on the velocity of the planar 180 degrees-domain wall moving under homogeneous external electric field in ferroelectric capacitor is analyzed. The limiting cases of domain wall motion, including (i) the motion induced by the external and local internal field originated at the wall-surface junction for nonzero dead layer thickness and (ii) the motion induced by the effective electric field averaged over the domain wall surface, are considered. We demonstrate the crossover between two screening regimes: the first one corresponds to the low domain wall velocity, when the wall drags the sluggish screening charges, while the second regime appears for high domain wall velocity, when the delay of sluggish screening charges are essential and the wall depolarization field is screened by the instant free charges located at the electrode. The integral and approximate analytical expressions for electric field and algebraic equation for the domain wall velocity are derived. It is shown that in the local-field limit the motion can be unstable, since the internal field at the wall-surface junction decreases for larger domain wall velocities, making possible self-acceleration of the wall near the top surface. The instability may lead to the domain wall-surface bending and actual broadening in thick samples, as well as formation of periodic domain structures in the direction of wall motion. The motion in the limit of the averaged effective field is always stable. C1 [Morozovska, A. N.; Svechnikov, G. S.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Eliseev, E. A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Rumyantsev, E. L.; Shishkin, E. I.; Shur, V. Y.] Ural State Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Math, Ekaterinburg 620083, Russia. [Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morozovska, AN (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, 41 Pr Nauki, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM morozo@i.com.ua; sergei2@orn1.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152 FU National Academy of Science of Ukraine; Russian Academy of Science [NASU N 17-Ukr_a]; RFBR [N 08-02-90434]; Division of Scientific User Facilities; DOE BES FX E. E. A., A. N. M., G. S. S., E. L. R., E. I. S., and V. Y. S. gratefully acknowledge financial support from National Academy of Science of Ukraine and Russian Academy of Science, joint Russian-Ukrainian grant under Grant No. NASU N 17-Ukr_a (RFBR under Grant No. N 08-02-90434). The research is supported in part (S.V.K.) by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, DOE BES. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245409 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400076 ER PT J AU Fidkowski, L Refael, G Bonesteel, NE Moore, JE AF Fidkowski, L. Refael, G. Bonesteel, N. E. Moore, J. E. TI c-theorem violation for effective central charge of infinite-randomness fixed points SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetism; anyons; entropy; ferromagnetism; Fibonacci sequences; ground states; Heisenberg model; quantum computing; quantum entanglement; renormalisation ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; FIELD-THEORY; STATES AB Topological insulators supporting non-Abelian anyonic excitations are in the center of attention as candidates for topological quantum computation. In this paper, we analyze the ground-state properties of disordered non-Abelian anyonic chains. The resemblance of fusion rules of non-Abelian anyons and real-space decimation strongly suggests that disordered chains of such anyons generically exhibit infinite-randomness phases. Concentrating on the disordered golden chain model with nearest-neighbor coupling, we show that Fibonacci anyons with the fusion rule tau circle times tau=1 circle plus tau exhibit two infinite-randomness phases: a random-singlet phase when all bonds prefer the trivial fusion channel and a mixed phase which occurs whenever a finite density of bonds prefers the tau fusion channel. Real-space renormalization-group (RG) analysis shows that the random-singlet fixed point is unstable to the mixed fixed point. By analyzing the entanglement entropy of the mixed phase, we find its effective central charge and find that it increases along the RG flow from the random-singlet point, thus ruling out a c theorem for the effective central charge. C1 [Fidkowski, L.; Refael, G.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bonesteel, N. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Bonesteel, N. E.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Moore, J. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moore, J. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fidkowski, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Dept Phys, MC 114-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 FU NSF [PHY-0456720, DMR-0238760]; U. S. DOE [DE-FG02-97ER45639] FX We are indebted to A. Kitaev, J. Preskill, S. Trebst, and P. Bonderson for illuminating discussions. We would like to especially thank K. Yang for his contributions to this project. G. R. and L. F. acknowledge support from NSF under Grant No. PHY-0456720. N. E. B. acknowledges support from U. S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER45639. J. M. acknowledges support from NSF under Grant No. DMR-0238760. We would also like to acknowledge the KITP and UCSB for their hospitality. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224204 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200034 ER PT J AU Garcia, DR Jozwiak, C Hwang, CG Fedorov, A Hanrahan, SM Wilson, SD Rotundu, CR Freelon, BK Birgeneau, RJ Bourret-Courchesne, E Lanzara, A AF Garcia, D. R. Jozwiak, C. Hwang, C. G. Fedorov, A. Hanrahan, S. M. Wilson, S. D. Rotundu, C. R. Freelon, B. K. Birgeneau, R. J. Bourret-Courchesne, E. Lanzara, A. TI Core-level and valence-band study using angle-integrated photoemission on LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE electron correlations; electronic density of states; high-temperature superconductors; iron compounds; lanthanum compounds; photoelectron spectra; solid-state phase transformations; superconducting transitions; valence bands ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Using angle-integrated photoemission spectroscopy we have probed the novel LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 superconductor over a wide range of photon energies and temperatures. We have provided a full characterization of the orbital character of the valence-band (VB) density of states (DOS) and of the magnitude of the d-p hybridization energy. Finally, we have identified two characteristic temperatures: 90 K where a pseudogap-like feature appears to close and 120 K where a sudden change in the DOS near E-F occurs. We associate these phenomena with the spin density wave magnetic ordering and the structural transition seen in the parent compound, respectively. These results suggest the important role of electron correlation, spin physics, and structural distortion in the physics of Fe-based superconductors. C1 [Garcia, D. R.; Jozwiak, C.; Birgeneau, R. J.; Lanzara, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garcia, D. R.; Hwang, C. G.; Wilson, S. D.; Rotundu, C. R.; Freelon, B. K.; Birgeneau, R. J.; Bourret-Courchesne, E.; Lanzara, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fedorov, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hanrahan, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lanzara, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alanzara@lbl.gov OI Rotundu, Costel/0000-0002-1571-8352 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U. S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR03-49361]; U. S. Department of Energy FX We would like to thank D.-H. Lee, A. Vishwanath, J. Wu, P. Phillips, A. Castro-Neto, S.Y. Zhou, D. Siegel, and O. Fakhouri for helpful discussions. We would also like to thank G. Sawatzky for a critical reading of the manuscript. The ARPES measurements and data analysis were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and through the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR03-49361. Additionally, portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245119 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400031 ER PT J AU Gibson, JM Treacy, MMJ AF Gibson, J. M. Treacy, M. M. J. TI Beam transit effects in single molecule coherent diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE diffraction; fullerenes; molecular beams; molecular biophysics; proteins ID INITIO STRUCTURE SOLUTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; RAY; MICROSCOPY; IMAGES AB We explore how phase and amplitude gradients, which are almost inevitable in a coherent illumination probe, affect the atomic reconstruction of an isolated molecule based on diffraction intensities. By modeling the probe as a defocused Gaussian source, we show that structural distortion can be introduced in the reconstructed object if plane-wave illumination is assumed in the diffraction phase-retrieval algorithm. For the plane-wave approximation, we conclude that the standard deviation sigma(d) describing the source width should be such that sigma(d)similar to 10R(c), where R(c) is the nominal radius of the molecule. In a pulsed source, where diffraction data are obtained when the moving molecule is at an instantaneous location within the illumination window, the effects of wave front curvature can be reduced by defocusing the illumination. This improvement comes at the expense of a weaker diffraction signal. For the three-dimensional reconstruction of a molecule, diffraction patterns from many different orientations of identical molecules are required. Since phase-retrieval methods are inherently solving for the probe plus the molecule, irreproducibility of wave front curvature or molecule location within the probe will introduce additional degrees of freedom to the structure solution problem. C1 [Gibson, J. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Treacy, M. M. J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Gibson, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 FU Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy; Advanced Photon Source [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to L. Fan, D. Kumar, and I. McNulty for fruitful discussions, and we thank the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy for support to the Advanced Photon Source through Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245401 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400068 ER PT J AU Hawreliak, JA Kalantar, DH Stolken, JS Remington, BA Lorenzana, HE Wark, JS AF Hawreliak, James A. Kalantar, Daniel H. Stoelken, James S. Remington, Bruce A. Lorenzana, Hector E. Wark, Justin S. TI High-pressure nanocrystalline structure of a shock-compressed single crystal of iron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE grain size; high-pressure effects; iron; molecular dynamics method; nanostructured materials; shock wave effects; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PROFILE ANALYSIS; LASER; COPPER; TRANSITION; CONTRAST; LIGHT AB We discuss the grain-size measurements made during shock compression using in situ x-ray diffraction. Our experiments have shown unambiguously that single-crystal iron shock loaded above 13 GPa along the [100] direction will transform from the ambient alpha phase (bcc) to a highly ordered polycrystalline epsilon phase (hcp). Here, we present a detailed shape analysis of the diffraction peaks using a modified Warren-Averbach method to quantify the microstructure of shock-compressed high-pressure iron. The epsilon phase was determined through this method to have grain sizes between 2 and 15 nm, in reasonable agreement with results from large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations. We conclude that single-crystal iron becomes nanocrystalline in shock transforming from alpha to epsilon phase. C1 [Hawreliak, James A.; Kalantar, Daniel H.; Stoelken, James S.; Remington, Bruce A.; Lorenzana, Hector E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wark, Justin S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Hawreliak, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LDRD [06-SI-004 at LLNL]; DOE [DEFG0398DP00212, DEFG0300SF2202]; U. K. EPSRC [GR/R25699/01] FX The authors thank the staff at the Vulcan Laser Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, the staff at Janus laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the staff and University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 supported by the LDRD program under Project No. 06-SI-004 at LLNL. Additional support was provided by the DOE under Grants No. DEFG0398DP00212 and No. DEFG0300SF2202 and by the U. K. EPSRC under Grant No. GR/R25699/01. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 220101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.220101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200001 ER PT J AU Henelius, P Fishman, RS AF Henelius, P. Fishman, R. S. TI Hybrid quantum-classical Monte Carlo study of a molecule-based magnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Heisenberg model; iron compounds; magnetic transitions; molecular magnetism; Monte Carlo methods; quantum theory ID HONEYCOMB LATTICE; MIXED-VALENCY; FERRIMAGNETIC SYSTEM; M-III; OXALATE; SPIN-2; FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETIZATION; CATIONS; MODEL AB Using a Monte Carlo (MC) method, we study an effective model for the Fe(II)Fe(III) bimetallic oxalates. Within a hybrid quantum-classical MC algorithm, the Heisenberg S=2 and S(')=5/2 spins on the Fe(II) and Fe(III) sites are updated using a quantum MC loop while the Ising-type orbital angular momenta on the Fe(II) sites are updated using a single-spin classical MC flip. The effective field acting on the orbital angular momenta depends on the quantum state of the system. We find that the mean-field phase diagram for the model is surprisingly robust with respect to fluctuations. In particular, the region displaying two compensation points shifts and shrinks but remains finite. C1 [Henelius, P.] Royal Inst Technol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Fishman, R. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Henelius, P (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Division of Materials Science and Engineering of the U. S. DOE FX We would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with Fernando Reboredo and Anders Sandvik. P. H. acknowledges support by the Swedish Research Council. We are grateful for the generous time allocation on the Ferlin cluster managed by the Center for Parallel Computers at KTH. R. F. acknowledges support by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering of the U. S. DOE. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214405 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400050 ER PT J AU Hong, T Garlea, VO Zheludev, A Fernandez-Baca, JA Manaka, H Chang, S Leao, JB Poulton, SJ AF Hong, Tao Garlea, V. O. Zheludev, A. Fernandez-Baca, J. A. Manaka, H. Chang, S. Leao, J. B. Poulton, S. J. TI Effect of pressure on the quantum spin ladder material IPA-CuCl3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE high-pressure solid-state phase transformations; magnetic fluids; magnetic susceptibility; magnetic transitions; neutron diffraction ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HEISENBERG-CHAINS; TLCUCL3; (CH3)(2)CHNH3CUCL3; GAP AB Inelastic-neutron-scattering and bulk magnetic-susceptibility studies of the quantum S=1/2 spin ladder system (CH3)(2)CHNH3CuCl3 are performed under hydrostatic pressure. The pressure dependence of the spin gap Delta is determined. At P=1500 MPa it is reduced to Delta=0.79 meV from Delta=1.17 meV at ambient pressure. The results allow us to predict a soft-mode quantum phase transition in this system at P-c similar to 4 GPa. The measurements are complicated by the proximity of a structural phase transition that leads to a deterioration of the sample. C1 [Hong, Tao; Garlea, V. O.; Zheludev, A.; Fernandez-Baca, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Manaka, H.] Kagoshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. [Chang, S.; Leao, J. B.; Poulton, S. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Poulton, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016 OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442, DMR-0086210, DMR-0454672] FX Research at ORNL was funded the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The work at NIST was supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreements No. DMR-9986442, No. DMR-0086210, and No. DMR-0454672. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200056 ER PT J AU Hucker, M Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Huecker, M. Gu, G. D. Tranquada, J. M. TI Spin susceptibility of underdoped cuprate superconductors: Insights from a stripe-ordered crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; high-temperature superconductors; lanthanum compounds; magnetic susceptibility; paramagnetism ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FERMI-LIQUID; NORMAL-STATE; PHASE-SEPARATION; LA2-XSRXCUO4; NMR; FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMICS AB We report a detailed study of the temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the spin susceptibility for a single crystal of La(1.875)Ba(0.125)CuO(4). From a quantitative analysis, we find that the temperature-dependent anisotropy of the susceptibility, observed in both the paramagnetic and stripe-ordered phases, directly indicates that localized Cu moments dominate the magnetic response. A field-induced spin-flop transition provides further corroboration for the role of local moments. Contrary to previous analyses of data from polycrystalline samples, we find that a commonly assumed isotropic and temperature-independent contribution from free carriers, if present, must be quite small. Our conclusion is strengthened by extending the quantitative analysis to include crystals of La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) with x=0.095 and 0.155. On the basis of our results, we present a revised interpretation of the temperature and doping dependence of the spin susceptibility in La(2-x)(Sr,Ba)(x)CuO(4). C1 [Huecker, M.; Gu, G. D.; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hucker, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with F. H. L. Essler, J. P. Hill, S. A. Kivelson, A. Savici, A. M. Tsvelik, and I. Zaliznyak. M. H. is grateful to B. Buchner, H. Grafe, I. Kiwitz, R. Klingeler, and N. Tristan for help during the experiment at the IFW-Dresden. This work was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 68 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214507 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400088 ER PT J AU Ingham, B Toney, MF Hendy, SC Cox, T Fong, DD Eastman, JA Fuoss, PH Stevens, KJ Lassesson, A Brown, SA Ryan, MP AF Ingham, Bridget Toney, Michael F. Hendy, Shaun C. Cox, Timothy Fong, Dillon D. Eastman, Jeffrey A. Fuoss, Paul H. Stevens, Kevin J. Lassesson, Andreas Brown, S. A. Ryan, Mary P. TI Particle size effect of hydrogen-induced lattice expansion of palladium nanoclusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE lattice constants; metal clusters; nanostructured materials; palladium; particle size; solubility; surfactants; X-ray diffraction ID PRESSURE-COMPOSITION ISOTHERMS; NANOCRYSTALLINE PALLADIUM; NANOPARTICLES; HYDRIDE; CLUSTERS; METALS; RANGE AB In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments on bare palladium nanoclusters prepared by inert-gas aggregation and size selected (1.7-6.0 nm) show significant changes in lattice parameter upon hydrogen loading and a narrowing of the miscibility gap, as the cluster size decreases. The results show that the miscibility gap is open for all cluster sizes studied, in contrast to previous literature results from surfactant-encapsulated palladium clusters. We interpret these results by showing that the nature of the surface is critical in the hydrogenation behavior of the nanoclusters. C1 [Ingham, Bridget; Hendy, Shaun C.] Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Ingham, Bridget; Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hendy, Shaun C.; Cox, Timothy] Victoria Univ Wellington, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Fong, Dillon D.; Eastman, Jeffrey A.; Fuoss, Paul H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stevens, Kevin J.] Quest Reliabil Ltd, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Lassesson, Andreas] Univ Canterbury, Nanocluster Devices Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Brown, S. A.] Univ Canterbury, Nanostruct Engn Sci & Technol Grp, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Brown, S. A.] Univ Canterbury, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Ryan, Mary P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Ryan, Mary P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Ingham, B (reprint author), Ind Res Ltd, POB 31-310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. RI Hendy, Shaun/A-9776-2008; Brown, Simon/C-1014-2008; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Hendy, Shaun/0000-0003-3468-6517; Brown, Simon/0000-0002-6041-4331; Ryan, Mary/0000-0001-8582-3003; Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [CO8X0409] FX The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Funding was provided in part by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under Contract No. CO8X0409. The authors wish to thank BESSRC-CAT and Peter Baldo for beamline support. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245408 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400075 ER PT J AU Khodas, M Vavilov, MG AF Khodas, Maxim Vavilov, Maxim G. TI Effect of microwave radiation on the nonlinear resistivity of a two-dimensional electron gas at large filling factors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; electric fields; magnetic fields; short-range order; two-dimensional electron gas ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; OSCILLATIONS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We study transport properties of a two-dimensional electron gas, placed in a classically strong perpendicular magnetic field and in constant and oscillating in-plane electric fields. The analysis is based on a quantum Boltzmann equation derived for a weakly disordered two-dimensional electron gas. We consider disordered potential with both long- and short-range correlations. Electron scattering off such disorder is not limited to small change in momentum direction, but occurs on an arbitrary angle, including the backscattering. The nonlinearity of the transport in the considered system is a consequence of two coexisting effects: formation of a nonequilibrium distribution function of electrons and modification of the scattering rate off the disorder in the presence of dc and ac electric fields. This work describes both effects in a unified way. The calculated dissipative component of electric current oscillates as a function of the electric-field strength and frequency of microwave radiation in qualitative agreement with experiments. C1 [Khodas, Maxim] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Khodas, Maxim] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Vavilov, Maxim G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Khodas, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Vavilov, Maxim/C-1147-2009 FU DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46482]; BNL LDRD [08-002, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U. S. Department of Energy FX We thank I. Aleiner, I. Dmitriev, A. Kamenev, B. I. Shklovskii, and M. A. Zudov for useful discussions. M. K. is supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46482 and BNL LDRD Grant No. 08-002 under DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy. M. G. V. is grateful to the Aspen Center for Physics, where a part of this work was done. NR 42 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245319 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400063 ER PT J AU Kolesnik, S Dabrowski, B Chmaissem, O AF Kolesnik, S. Dabrowski, B. Chmaissem, O. TI Structural and physical properties of SrMn1-xRuxO3 perovskites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; colossal magnetoresistance; crystal structure; exchange interactions (electron); ferromagnetic materials; magnetic susceptibility; magnetic transitions; manganese compounds; neutron diffraction; solid-state phase transformations; space groups; spin glasses; strontium compounds ID ENHANCED MAGNETORESISTANCE; SRRUO3; SUBSTITUTION; MANGANITES; SYSTEM; SITE AB We combine the results of magnetic and transport measurements with neutron-diffraction data to construct the structural and magnetic phase diagram of the entire family of SrMn1-xRuxO3 (0 <= x <= 1) perovskites. We have found antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering of the C type for lightly Ru-substituted materials (0.06 <= x <= 0.5) in a similar manner to RySr1-yMnO3 (R=La,Pr) due to the generation of Mn3+ in both families of manganite perovskites by either B-site substitution of Ru5+ for Mn4+ or A-site substitution of R3+ for Sr2+. This similarity is driven by the same ratio of d(4)/d(3) ions in both classes of materials for equivalent substitution level. In both cases, a tetragonal lattice distortion is observed, which for some compositions (0.06 <= x <= 0.2) is coupled to a C-type AF transition and results in a first-order magnetic and resistive transition. Heavily substituted SrMn1-xRuxO3 materials are ferromagnetic due to dominating exchange interactions between the Ru4+ ions. Intermediate substitution (0.6 <= x <= 0.7) leads to a spin-glass behavior instead of a quantum critical point reported previously in single crystals due to enhanced disorder. C1 [Kolesnik, S.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kolesnik, S (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0706610]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at NIU was supported by the NSF (Contract No. DMR-0706610). Work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214425 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400070 ER PT J AU Konik, RM Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM AF Konik, R. M. Essler, F. H. L. Tsvelik, A. M. TI Modeling magnetic fluctuations in the stripe ordered state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; fluctuations in superconductors; high-temperature superconductors; Hubbard model; lanthanum compounds; magnetic susceptibility; neutron diffraction; RPA calculations; strontium compounds ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-J MODEL; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; SPIN EXCITATIONS; 2-LEG LADDER; DOMAIN-WALLS; PHASE; CUPRATE; LA2-XBAXCUO4 AB In this work we study the magnetic behavior of a simple model of the stripe ordered phase of the cuprates, an array of alternating coupled doped and undoped two-leg Hubbard-type ladders. To obtain the coupled ladders' magnetic response, we employ available dynamical susceptibilities of the individual two-leg ladders and treat the interladder coupling in a random phase approximation. Strikingly, we find two possible scenarios for the ordered state induced by the coupling between ladders: the spin modulation may both occur in the conventional fashion, perpendicular to the direction of the stripes, but it may also occur parallel to the stripe direction. These two scenarios are differentiated according to different microscopic realizations of the component doped ladders. We argue that inelastic neutron scattering experiments on two stripe ordered cuprates, La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 and La2-xSrxCuO4 at x similar to 0.125, do not readily distinguish between these scenarios due to manner in which stripes form in these materials. C1 [Konik, R. M.; Tsvelik, A. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Essler, F. H. L.] Univ Oxford, Rudolph Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Konik, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Konik, Robert/L-8076-2016 OI Konik, Robert/0000-0003-1209-6890 NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214509 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400090 ER PT J AU Lany, S AF Lany, Stephan TI Semiconductor thermochemistry in density functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE catalysts; chemical potential; density functional theory; enthalpy; heat of formation; insulating materials; least squares approximations; semiconductor materials; surface reconstruction; total energy ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAN; ENERGETICS; GERMANIUM; NITRIDE; GALLIUM; EPITAXY; ENERGY AB The local-density and generalized gradient approximations (LDA and GGA) to density functional theory (DFT) exhibit incomplete error cancellation when energy differences are taken between chemically dissimilar systems. This energy inconsistency is manifested, e.g., in the tendency to underestimate the heat (enthalpy) of formation of semiconducting and insulating compounds in LDA and, even more so, in GGA. Considering a set of 61 compounds that can be formed from 14 elements (cations: Cu, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, and In; anions: N, P, As, O, S, and Se), optimized elemental reference energies are determined by least-squares error minimization of an overdetermined set of linear equations. These elemental energies are "optimally consistent" with the DFT energies of the semiconductor compounds and imply corrections of up to 1 eV compared to the respective LDA or GGA energies. While these "corrections" are not to be understood to yield the correct absolute total energies of the elements, they are proposed to give appropriate bounds for the chemical potentials for thermodynamic processes in semiconductors and insulators, such as, e.g., defect formation, surface reconstruction, or catalytic processes. The present model allows to evaluate thermodynamic processes using DFT energy differences taken only between systems that are expected to show good error cancellation. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lany, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work was funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 through NREL's laboratory directed research and development program. NR 48 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245207 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400043 ER PT J AU Lany, S Zunger, A AF Lany, Stephan Zunger, Alex TI Assessment of correction methods for the band-gap problem and for finite-size effects in supercell defect calculations: Case studies for ZnO and GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE crystal defects; density functional theory; energy gap; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; II-VI semiconductors; impurities; vacancies (crystal); zinc compounds ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SELF-INTERACTION; POINT-DEFECTS; III-V; MICROSCOPIC ORIGIN; NATIVE DEFECTS; F-CENTRE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Contemporary theories of defects and impurities in semiconductors rely to a large extent on supercell calculations within density-functional theory using the approximate local-density approximation (LDA) or generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals. Such calculations are, however, affected by considerable uncertainties associated with: (i) the "band-gap problem," which occurs not only in the Kohn-Sham single-particle energies but also in the quasiparticle gap (LDA or GGA) calculated from total-energy differences, and (ii) supercell finite-size effects. In the case of the oxygen vacancy in ZnO, uncertainties (i) and (ii) have led to a large spread in the theoretical predictions, with some calculations suggesting negligible vacancy concentrations, even under Zn-rich conditions, and others predicting high concentrations. Here, we critically assess (i) the different methodologies to correct the band-gap problem. We discuss approaches based on the extrapolation of perturbations which open the band gap, and the self-consistent band-gap correction employing the LDA+U method for d and s states simultaneously. From the comparison of the results of different gap-correction, including also recent results from other literature, we conclude that to date there is no universal scheme for band gap correction in general defect systems. Therefore, we turn instead to classification of different types of defect behavior to provide guidelines on how the physically correct situation in an LDA defect calculation can be recovered. (ii) Supercell finite-size effects: We performed test calculations in large supercells of up to 1728 atoms, resolving a long-standing debate pertaining to image charge corrections for charged defects. We show that once finite-size effects not related to electrostatic interactions are eliminated, the analytic form of the image charge correction as proposed by Makov and Payne leads to size-independent defect formation energies, thus allowing the calculation of well-converged energies in fairly small supercells. We find that the delocalized contribution to the defect charge (i.e., the defect-induced change of the charge distribution) is dominated by the dielectric screening response of the host, which leads to an unexpected effective 1/L scaling of the image charge energy, despite the nominal 1/L-3 scaling of the third-order term. Based on this analysis, we suggest that a simple scaling of the first order term by a constant factor (approximately 2/3) yields a simple but accurate image-charge correction for common supercell geometries. Finally, we discuss the theoretical controversy pertaining to the formation energy of the O vacancy in ZnO in light of the assessment of different methodologies in the present work, and we review the present experimental situation on the topic. C1 [Lany, Stephan; Zunger, Alex] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lany, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 FU U. S. Department of Energy, of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work was funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL. S. L. acknowledges discussions with Hannes Raebiger on the topic of supercell defect calculations. NR 150 TC 474 Z9 475 U1 21 U2 170 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 235104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235104 PG 25 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400033 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Eng, PJ Mao, HK Shu, JF AF Lee, Sung Keun Eng, Peter J. Mao, Ho-kwang Shu, Jinfu TI Probing and modeling of pressure-induced coordination transformation in borate glasses: Inelastic x-ray scattering study at high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE borate glasses; densification; high-pressure solid-state phase transformations; X-ray scattering ID SOLID-STATE NMR; BONDING CHANGES; SIO2 GLASS; K-EDGE; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS; LIQUIDS; SILICON; XANES; SHELL AB Here, we report on the in situ synchrotron inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of Na-borate glasses at high pressure up to 25 GPa. The pressure-induced boron coordination transformation from ([3])B to ([4])B is linear with pressure characterized by a single value of (partial derivative ([3])B/partial derivative P)(T). Previous studies of Li-borate and pure-borate glasses show a nonlinear transformation with multiple (partial derivative ([3])B/partial derivative P)(T) values for different pressure ranges, revealing the important role cation field strength plays in densification and pressure-induced structural changes. Considering the distribution of the energy difference between low- and high-pressure states (Delta epsilon) in the energy landscape and the variance of the ratio Delta epsilon to its pressure gradient (partial derivative Delta epsilon/partial derivative P)(T) as a measure of network flexibility with pressure, an amorphous system with a large variance in Delta epsilon at 1 atm and/or a small (partial derivative Delta epsilon/partial derivative P)(T) may undergo a gradual coordination transformation (e.g., Na borates). In contrast, a system with the opposite behavior (e.g., Li borates) undergoes an abrupt coordination transformation. The results and concepts of this study thus can shed light on opportunities to study the effect of composition on the nature of densification in low-z oxide and other archetypal glasses and melts. C1 [Lee, Sung Keun] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Mao, Ho-kwang; Shu, Jinfu] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Mao, Ho-kwang] Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM sungklee@snu.ac.kr FU DOE Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [W-31-109-Eng-38]; DOE-BES-Geosciences; NSF-Earth Sciences; State of Illinois; DOE-BES-Materials Science; DOE-NNSA; CDAC; NSF; DOD-TACOM; W. M. Keck Foundation; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [2007-000-20120] FX We thank Byungdal So for help with experiments and S. Sen for helpful discussion. Use of the APS was supported by DOE Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. GSECARS was supported by DOE-BES-Geosciences, NSF-Earth Sciences, and the State of Illinois. HPCAT was supported by DOE-BES-Materials Science, DOE-NNSA, CDAC, NSF, DOD-TACOM, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. S. K. L. was supported by funds from Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through National Research Laboratory (Grant No. 2007-000-20120). NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214203 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400036 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Paggel, JJ Upton, MH Miller, T Chiang, TC AF Liu, Y. Paggel, J. J. Upton, M. H. Miller, T. Chiang, T.-C. TI Quantized electronic structure and growth of Pb films on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE band structure; dispersion relations; effective mass; graphite; lead; metallic thin films; monolayers; photoemission; quantum wells; surface energy ID QUANTUM-WELL STATES; THIN-FILMS; SILVER; ISLANDS; PHYSICS; AG AB We have measured the electronic structure of thin Pb films grown on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Quantum well states (QWSs) corresponding to confined Pb valence electrons are observed. Their energy positions are fixed, but their intensities evolve for increasing Pb coverages. The results indicate that the films are rough, consisting of multiple thicknesses. Nevertheless, the thickness distribution is sufficiently narrow to allow a unique assignment for each QWS peak in terms of a quantum number and the exact film thickness in atomic layers. For increasing Pb coverages of up to 10 monolayers (ML), the even film thicknesses of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ML are much more prevalent than the odd film thicknesses of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 ML, thus suggesting significant differences in surface energy between the even and odd thicknesses. These results are consistent with an available first-principles calculation of the surface energies of freestanding films; an implication is that the interaction between the Pb film and the HOPG substrate is weak. The in-plane dispersion relations of the QWSs are measured. The effective masses at the surface zone center agree well with the results calculated from the bulk Pb band structure, in sharp contrast to the strongly enhanced or anomalous effective masses in Pb films grown on Si(111) as reported previously. This finding indicates that the anomalous effective masses in Pb/Si(111) are not caused by increased electron correlation effects in a confined geometry, but are rather attributable to a strong interfacial interaction between the QWSs and the substrate electronic structure. C1 [Liu, Y.; Chiang, T.-C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liu, Y.; Miller, T.; Chiang, T.-C.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Paggel, J. J.] Continental Automot GmbH, D-93055 Regensburg, Germany. [Upton, M. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011; Liu, Yang/I-2806-2012 OI Liu, Yang/0000-0001-6506-5903 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46383]; Petroleum Research Fund; U. S. National Science Foundation [DMR-05-03323, DMR-05-37588] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46383). We acknowledge the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, and the U. S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-05-03323) for partial support of the personnel and the beamline facilities at the Synchrotron Radiation Center. The Synchrotron Radiation Center is supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR05-37588). The tight-binding code used for the bulk band-structure calculation in this study was provided by M. J. Mehl of the Naval Research Laboratory under the U. S. Department of Defense CHSSI program. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 235437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235437 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400123 ER PT J AU Lu, TM Sun, L Tsui, DC Lyon, S Pan, W Muhlberger, M Schaffler, F Liu, J Xie, YH AF Lu, T. M. Sun, L. Tsui, D. C. Lyon, S. Pan, W. Muehlberger, M. Schaeffler, F. Liu, J. Xie, Y. H. TI In-plane field magnetoresistivity of Si two-dimensional electron gas in Si/SiGe quantum wells at 20 mK SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE electronic density of states; elemental semiconductors; Ge-Si alloys; magnetoresistance; metal-insulator transition; semiconductor quantum wells; silicon; two-dimensional electron gas ID PARALLEL MAGNETIC-FIELD; DIMENSIONS; PHASE AB We report measurements of in-plane field magnetoresistivity of the two-dimensional electrons in two Si/SiGe quantum wells with different disorder strength at 20 mK. For both samples, the ratio of the saturation resistivity in the high magnetic field to the zero-field resistivity was approximately constant in the high-density limit. In the metallic to insulating transition (MIT) regime, it is strongly enhanced and appears diverging as the electron density approaches a sample-dependent characteristic density n(*). n(*) is below n(c), the critical density of MIT at which the temperature dependence of resistivity changes sign. Disorder is believed to play an important role in this phenomenon. Furthermore, the field at which the magnetoresistivity saturates appears to extrapolate to zero, suggesting that ferromagnetic instability does not occur in Si/SiGe, at least down to n similar to 0.3x10(11)/cm(2). C1 [Lu, T. M.; Sun, L.; Tsui, D. C.; Lyon, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pan, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Muehlberger, M.; Schaeffler, F.] Univ Linz, Inst Halbleiterphys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Liu, J.; Xie, Y. H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lu, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tmlu@princeton.edu RI Muhlberger, Michael/A-6586-2010; Schaffler, Friedrich/C-7026-2017; OI Schaffler, Friedrich/0000-0002-7093-2554; Muhlberger, Michael/0000-0001-7542-8552 FU DOE; NSF [DMR-0084173]; NSF-MRSEC [DMR-0213706]; DOE/Basic Energy Science; AFOSR [FA9550-04-1-0370]; FWF [SFB025]; State of Florida FX The work at Princeton was funded by the DOE and the NSF, and T. M. L. was supported by NSF-MRSEC under Grant No. DMR-0213706. The work at Sandia was supported by DOE/Basic Energy Science. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Part of the UCLA and Princeton effort was supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-04-1-0370, Donald Silversmith. Sample growth was supported by FWF (Vienna, Austria) via project SFB025. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0084173, by the State of Florida, and by the DOE. The authors thank E. Palm, T. Murphy, G. Jones, J. Park, and S. Hannahs for their assistance in experiment. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 233309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.233309 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400016 ER PT J AU MacLaughlin, DE Nambu, Y Nakatsuji, S Heffner, RH Shu, L Bernal, OO Ishida, K AF MacLaughlin, D. E. Nambu, Y. Nakatsuji, S. Heffner, R. H. Shu, Lei Bernal, O. O. Ishida, K. TI Unconventional spin freezing and fluctuations in the frustrated antiferromagnet NiGa2S4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; gallium compounds; magnetic transitions; muon probes; nickel compounds; spin fluctuations ID RELAXATION; LATTICE; DYNAMICS; ROTATION AB Muon spin rotation (mu SR) experiments reveal unconventional spin freezing and dynamics in the two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice antiferromagnet NiGa2S4. Long-lived disordered Ni-spin freezing (correlation time greater than or similar to 10(-6) s at 2 K) sets in below T-f=8.5 +/- 0.5 K with a mean-field-like temperature dependence. The observed exponential temperature dependence of the muon spin relaxation above T-f is strong evidence for 2D critical spin fluctuations. Slow Ni-spin fluctuations coexist with quasistatic magnetism at low temperatures but are rapidly suppressed for fields greater than or similar to 10 mT, in marked contrast with the field-independent specific heat. The mu SR and bulk susceptibility data indicate a well-defined 2D phase transition at T-f, below which NiGa2S4 is neither a conventional magnet nor a singlet spin liquid. C1 [MacLaughlin, D. E.; Shu, Lei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Nambu, Y.; Nakatsuji, S.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Heffner, R. H.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Heffner, R. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bernal, O. O.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Ishida, K.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP MacLaughlin, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Nambu, Yusuke/C-3863-2012; Shu, Lei/E-7524-2012 OI Nambu, Yusuke/0000-0003-1167-7124; FU U. S. NSF [0422674, 0604015]; JSPS; Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (Tokyo) [19052003] FX We are grateful for technical assistance from the TRIUMF Centre for Molecular and Materials Science, where these experiments were carried out. We wish to thank H. Kawamura, Y. Maeno, and R. R. P. Singh for useful discussions and K. Onuma for help with the experiments. This work was supported by the U. S. NSF under Grants No. 0422674 (Riverside) and No. 0604015 (Los Angeles), by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from JSPS, and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas under Grant No. 19052003 (Tokyo). NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 220403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.220403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200004 ER PT J AU Mo, HD Nelson, CS Bezmaternykh, LN Temerov, VT AF Mo, Haiding Nelson, Christie S. Bezmaternykh, Leonard N. Temerov, V. T. TI Magnetic structure of the field-induced multiferroic GdFe3(BO3)(4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic materials; gadolinium compounds; iron compounds; magnetic structure; multiferroics; Neel temperature; spin dynamics; X-ray scattering ID IRON BORATE GDFE3(BO3)(4); X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; EXCHANGE SCATTERING; RESONANCE; FERROELECTRICITY AB We report a magnetic x-ray scattering study of the field-induced multiferroic GdFe3(BO3)(4). Resonant x-ray magnetic scattering at the Gd L-II,L-III edges indicates that the Gd moments order at T-N approximate to 37 K. The magnetic structure is incommensurate below T-N, with the incommensurability decreasing monotonically with decreasing temperature until a transition to a commensurate magnetic phase is observed at T approximate to 10 K. Both the Gd and Fe moments undergo a spin reorientation transition at T-SR approximate to 9 K such that the moments are oriented along the crystallographic c axis at low temperatures. With magnetic field applied along the a axis, our measurements suggest that the field-induced polarization phase has a commensurate magnetic structure with Gd moments rotated similar to 45 degrees toward the basal plane, which is similar to the magnetic structure of the Gd subsystem observed in zero field between 9 and 10 K, and the Fe subsystem has a ferromagnetic component in the basal plane. C1 [Mo, Haiding; Nelson, Christie S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bezmaternykh, Leonard N.; Temerov, V. T.] RAS, LV Kirensky Phys Inst, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. RP Mo, HD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank W. Schoenig, D. Coburn, S. Wilkins, and J. Hill for their support at X22C, S. LaMarra for his support at X21, and D. Connor for a critical reading of the manuscript. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214407 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400052 ER PT J AU Ni, N Tillman, ME Yan, JQ Kracher, A Hannahs, ST Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Ni, N. Tillman, M. E. Yan, J. -Q. Kracher, A. Hannahs, S. T. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Effects of Co substitution on thermodynamic and transport properties and anisotropic H-c2 in Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; cobalt compounds; electrical resistivity; iron compounds; magnetic transitions; phase diagrams; phase separation; solid-state phase transformations; superconducting critical field; superconducting materials; thermodynamic properties AB Single crystalline samples of Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 with x < 0.12 have been grown and characterized via microscopic, thermodynamic, and transport measurements. With increasing Co substitution, the thermodynamic and transport signatures of the structural (high-temperature tetragonal to low-temperature orthorhombic) and magnetic (high-temperature nonmagnetic to low-temperature antiferromagnetic) transitions are suppressed at a rate of roughly 15 K/% Co. In addition, for x >= 0.038 superconductivity is stabilized, rising to a maximum T-c of approximately 23 K for x approximate to 0.07 and decreasing for higher x values. The T-x phase diagram for Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 indicates that either superconductivity can exist in both low-temperature crystallographic phases or that there is a structural phase separation. Anisotropic superconducting upper critical-field data [H-c2(T)] show a significant and clear change in anisotropy between samples that have higher temperature structural phase transitions and those that do not. These data show that the superconductivity is sensitive to the suppression of the higher temperature phase transition. C1 [Ni, N.; Tillman, M. E.; Yan, J. -Q.; Kracher, A.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ni, N.; Tillman, M. E.; Yan, J. -Q.; Kracher, A.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hannahs, S. T.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Ni, N (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Hannahs, Scott/B-1274-2008 OI Hannahs, Scott/0000-0002-5840-7714 FU Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; NSF Cooperative Agreement [DMR-0084173]; State of Florida; DOE FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0084173, by the State of Florida, and by the DOE. We thank Kevin Dennis and R. William McCallum for useful discussions and experimental assistance. NR 31 TC 394 Z9 395 U1 10 U2 55 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214515 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400096 ER PT J AU Painter, GS Averill, FW Becher, PF Shibata, N van Benthem, K Pennycook, SJ AF Painter, Gayle S. Averill, Frank W. Becher, Paul F. Shibata, Naoya van Benthem, Klaus Pennycook, Stephen J. TI First-principles study of rare earth adsorption at beta-Si3N4 interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE adsorption; band structure; bonds (chemical); ceramics; crystal microstructure; density functional theory; grain growth; interface structure; rare earth metals; scanning-transmission electron microscopy; silicon compounds ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SI3N4 CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURAL DESIGN; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; INTERGRANULAR FILMS; COHESIVE PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; WAVE METHOD AB Structural characterization of rare earth adsorption at surfaces or interfaces of beta-Si3N4 grains within silicon nitride ceramics has recently been reported by three different groups using Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging. Here we report the electronic structure basis for these observations and discuss the origin of similarities and differences among the lanthanides characterized in that work. Along with the features that are well described by a first-principles cluster and surface slab models, we identify those differences in the experiment and theory that warrant further investigation. Stereochemical bonding factors are found to determine adsorption site preferences as opposed to ionic size effects. The set of possible bond sites is a characteristic of the beta-Si3N4 interface; however the strength of the rare earth-interface bonding is determined by the electronic structure of the nitride surface and the specific adsorbate. This is the principal factor controlling the effects of dopants on the alpha ->beta phase transformation and on the beta-Si3N4 grain growth at high temperature as well as the subsequent microstructure of the ceramic. C1 [Averill, Frank W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shibata, Naoya] Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [van Benthem, Klaus] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Painter, Gayle S.; Averill, Frank W.; Becher, Paul F.; Pennycook, Stephen J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Shibata, Naoya/E-5327-2013 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; European Community [GRD2-200-3030351]; Division of Scientific User Facilities; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT, Japan) [20686042] FX Research was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC, and the European Community "Growth" Program, NANOAM Contract No. GRD2-200-3030351. K. V. B. was also supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, by appointment to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Program administered jointly by ORNL and ORISE, and a FeodorLynen scholarship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. N.S. was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) (Grant No. 20686042) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT, Japan). The authors thank C. L. Fu and J. R. Morris for helpful comments on this paper. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214206 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400039 ER PT J AU Parker, D Balatsky, AV AF Parker, David Balatsky, Alexander V. TI Quantitative evidence for spin-fluctuation-mediated higher-harmonic d-wave components: Hole- and electron-doped cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE cerium compounds; d-wave superconductivity; Fermi surface; high-temperature superconductors; praseodymium compounds; spin fluctuations ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DENSITY-OF-STATES; ORDER-PARAMETER; PAIRING SYMMETRY; COPPER OXIDES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; YBA2CU3O6.95; LA1.86SR0.14CUO4; EXCITATIONS AB Experimental evidence for higher harmonics in the cuprate d-wave gap function cos(2 phi) or cos(k(x))-cos(k(y)) has been slowly mounting. Here we analyze all of the data that have been generated in this field for both hole-doped and electron-doped cuprates, demonstrating a preponderance of these symmetry-allowed terms. We then show that the simple spin-fluctuation pairing mechanism can reproduce the detailed angular dependence of the gap. We also present an analysis of pseudogap higher-harmonic symmetry based on the picture of the Fermi arcs as being due to lifetime broadening. C1 [Parker, David] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Parker, David] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Parker, David] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Balatsky, Alexander V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parker, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. FU U.S. DOE FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE (A.V.B.). NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214502 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400083 ER PT J AU Prozorov, R Ni, N Tanatar, MA Kogan, VG Gordon, RT Martin, C Blomberg, EC Prommapan, P Yan, JQ Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Prozorov, R. Ni, N. Tanatar, M. A. Kogan, V. G. Gordon, R. T. Martin, C. Blomberg, E. C. Prommapan, P. Yan, J. Q. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Vortex phase diagram of Ba(Fe0.93Co0.07)(2)As-2 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; cobalt compounds; creep; current density; iron compounds; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic relaxation; magnetisation; magneto-optical effects; mixed state; phase diagrams; superconducting materials; transport processes ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CU-O CRYSTAL; FLUX-CREEP; HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIZATION; FILMS AB Irreversible magnetic properties of Ba(Fe0.93Co0.07)(2)As-2 single crystals were studied by using several techniques including transport, magnetization, and magneto-optics. The mixed-state response was found to be very similar to high-T-c cuprates, such as Y-Ba-Cu-O and Nd-Ce-Cu-O. In particular, we find a nonmonotonic "fishtail" shape of the magnetization loops M(T=const,H) and a corresponding feature in M(T,H=const) scans, as well as a very large magnetic relaxation rate. The supercurrent density, j, in the critical state was evaluated from magnetization and from direct transport measurements close to T-c. At 5 K we estimate a moderate j approximate to 2.6 +/- 0.2x10(5) A/cm(2). Analysis of the temperature and field dependencies of the magnetic relaxation is consistent with the collective pinning and creep (weak pinning and fast creep) model and suggests a crossover from the collective to the plastic creep regime in fields exceeding the field at which the fishtail magnetization is maximum. While the zero-field anisotropy of the magnetic properties in the superconducting state of Ba(Fe0.93Co0.07)(2)As-2 is small, the vortex behavior changes for different orientations of magnetic field with respect to the crystal axes, implying field-dependent anisotropy of pinning properties. C1 [Prozorov, R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prozorov@ameslab.gov RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096; FU U. S. Department of EnergyBasic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We thank J. Clem, A. Koshelev, R. Mints, and J. Schmalian for helpful discussions. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of EnergyBasic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. R. P. acknowledges support from Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 37 TC 165 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224506 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200074 ER PT J AU Qian, XF Li, J Qi, L Wang, CZ Chan, TL Yao, YX Ho, KM Yip, S AF Qian, Xiaofeng Li, Ju Qi, Liang Wang, Cai-Zhuang Chan, Tzu-Liang Yao, Yong-Xin Ho, Kai-Ming Yip, Sidney TI Quasiatomic orbitals for ab initio tight-binding analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; band structure; density functional theory; electronic density of states; elemental semiconductors; Fermi surface; iron; molybdenum; pseudopotential methods; silicon; silicon compounds; tight-binding calculations; wide band gap semiconductors ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; PARRINELLO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LOCALIZED WANNIER FUNCTIONS; COMPOSITE ENERGY-BANDS; MINIMAL BASIS-SETS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; MODEL; CRYSTALS; DENSITY AB Wave functions obtained from plane-wave density-functional theory (DFT) calculations using norm-conserving pseudopotential, ultrasoft pseudopotential, or projector augmented-wave method are efficiently and robustly transformed into a set of spatially localized nonorthogonal quasiatomic orbitals (QOs) with pseudoangular momentum quantum numbers. We demonstrate that these minimal-basis orbitals can exactly reproduce all the electronic structure information below an energy threshold represented in the form of environment-dependent tight-binding Hamiltonian and overlap matrices. Band structure, density of states, and the Fermi surface are calculated from this real-space tight-binding representation for various extended systems (Si, SiC, Fe, and Mo) and compared with plane-wave DFT results. The Mulliken charge and bond order analyses are performed under QO basis set, which satisfy sum rules. The present work validates the general applicability of Slater and Koster's scheme of linear combinations of atomic orbitals and points to future ab initio tight-binding parametrizations and linear-scaling DFT development. C1 [Li, Ju; Qi, Liang] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Qian, Xiaofeng; Yip, Sidney] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Qian, Xiaofeng; Yip, Sidney] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Chan, Tzu-Liang; Yao, Yong-Xin; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Chan, Tzu-Liang; Yao, Yong-Xin; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM liju@seas.upenn.edu RI Li, Ju/A-2993-2008; Qi, Liang/A-3851-2010; Yao, Yongxin/B-7320-2008; Qian, Xiaofeng/E-7727-2012; Qian, Xiaofeng/P-4715-2016 OI Li, Ju/0000-0002-7841-8058; Qi, Liang/0000-0002-0201-9333; Qian, Xiaofeng/0000-0003-1627-288X; Qian, Xiaofeng/0000-0003-1627-288X NR 75 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245112 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400024 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson TI Moving vortex phases, dynamical symmetry breaking, and jamming for vortices in honeycomb pinning arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE flux flow; flux pinning; type II superconductors ID FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; THIN-FILMS; DRIVEN LATTICES; MAGNETIC DOTS; REGULAR ARRAY; PLASTIC-FLOW; NOISE; DEFECTS AB We show using numerical simulations that vortices in honeycomb pinning arrays can exhibit a remarkable variety of dynamical phases that are distinct from those found for triangular and square pinning arrays. In the honeycomb arrays, it is possible for the interstitial vortices to form dimer or higher n-mer states which have an additional orientational degree of freedom that can lead to the formation of vortex molecular crystals. For filling fractions where dimer states appear, a dynamical symmetry breaking can occur when the dimers flow in one of two possible alignment directions. This leads to transport in the direction transverse to the applied drive. We show that dimerization produces distinct types of moving phases which depend on the direction of the driving force with respect to the pinning lattice symmetry. When the dimers are driven along certain directions, a reorientation of the dimers can produce a jamming phenomenon which results in a strong enhancement in the critical depinning force. The jamming can also cause unusual effects such as an increase in the critical depinning force when the size of the pinning sites is reduced. C1 [Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 FU U. S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 104 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224511 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200079 ER PT J AU Sarovar, M Young, KC Schenkel, T Whaley, KB AF Sarovar, Mohan Young, Kevin C. Schenkel, Thomas Whaley, K. Birgitta TI Quantum nondemolition measurements of single donor spins in semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE field effect transistors; hyperfine interactions; magnetic double resonance; magnetic resonance; magnetoelectronics; quantum theory; semiconductors; spin systems; two-dimensional electron gas ID ELECTRICAL DETECTION; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; NUCLEAR-SPIN; SILICON; RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT AB We propose a technique for measuring the state of a single donor-electron spin using a field-effect transistor induced two-dimensional electron gas and electrically detected magnetic-resonance techniques. The scheme is facilitated by hyperfine coupling to the donor nucleus. We analyze the potential sensitivity and outline experimental requirements. Our measurement provides a single-shot, projective, and quantum nondemolition measurement of an electron-encoded qubit state. C1 [Sarovar, Mohan; Whaley, K. Birgitta] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley Ctr Quantum Informat & Computat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Young, Kevin C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Quantum Informat & Computat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schenkel, Thomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sarovar, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley Ctr Quantum Informat & Computat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sarovar, Mohan/B-5335-2012 FU NSA [MOD713106A]; NSF [EIA-0205641]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank NSA (Grant No. MOD713106A) for financial support. M. S. and K. B. W. were also supported by NSF (Grant No. EIA-0205641) and T. S. by DOE (Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231). We are grateful to S. Lyon, A. M. Tyryshkin, C. C. Lo, and J. Bokor for helpful discussions. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245302 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400046 ER PT J AU Stone, PR Bihler, C Kraus, M Scarpulla, MA Beeman, JW Yu, KM Brandt, MS Dubon, OD AF Stone, P. R. Bihler, C. Kraus, M. Scarpulla, M. A. Beeman, J. W. Yu, K. M. Brandt, M. S. Dubon, O. D. TI Compensation-dependent in-plane magnetization reversal processes in Ga1-xMnxP1-ySy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; GAP; SPINTRONICS; RESONANCE; (GA,MN)AS AB We report the effect of dilute alloying of the anion sublattice with S on the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and magnetization reversal process in Ga1-xMnxP as measured by both ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. At T=5 K, raising the S concentration increases the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy between in-plane < 011 > directions while decreasing the magnitude of the (negative) cubic anisotropy field. Simulation of the SQUID magnetometry indicates that the energy required for the nucleation and growth of domain walls decreases with increasing y. These combined effects have a marked influence on the shape of the field-dependent magnetization curves; while the [0 (1) over bar1] direction remains the easy axis in the plane of the film, the field dependence of the magnetization develops double hysteresis loops in the < 011 > direction as the S concentration increases, similar to those observed for perpendicular magnetization reversal in lightly doped Ga1-xMnxAs. The incidence of double hysteresis loops is explained with a simple model whereby magnetization reversal occurs by a combination of coherent spin rotation and noncoherent spin switching, which is consistent with both FMR and magnetometry experiments. The evolution of magnetic properties with S concentration is attributed to compensation of Mn acceptors by S donors, which results in a lowering of the concentration of holes that mediate ferromagnetism. C1 [Stone, P. R.; Scarpulla, M. A.; Dubon, O. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stone, P. R.; Scarpulla, M. A.; Beeman, J. W.; Yu, K. M.; Dubon, O. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bihler, C.; Kraus, M.; Brandt, M. S.] Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Stone, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prstone@berkeley.edu; oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Brandt, Martin/C-5151-2017; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 FU Director; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 631]; Bavaria California Technology Center; NSF; NDSEG FX Materials synthesis and SQUID magnetometry experiments at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The FMR work at the Walter Schottky Institut was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB 631 and the Bavaria California Technology Center. P. R. S. acknowledges support from NSF and NDSEG. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214421 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400066 ER PT J AU Tseng, YC Haskel, D Souza-Neto, NM Mudryk, Y Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Tseng, Y. C. Haskel, D. Souza-Neto, N. M. Mudryk, Ya. Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI Pressure-induced removal of magnetostructural inhomogeneity in Ge-rich Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) giant magnetocaloric alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; ferromagnetic materials; ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transitions; gadolinium alloys; Ge-Si alloys; high-pressure effects; magnetic circular dichroism; magnetisation; magnetocaloric effects; solid-state phase transformations; X-ray diffraction ID ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; GD-5(SI2GE2); TRANSITION; GD5SI2GE2 AB We investigate the emergence of ferromagnetism (FM) in low-Si-content Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) alloys (x=0.025,0.05,0.075) from within the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase of the Gd5Ge4 parent compound. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and bulk magnetization measurements show that all samples exhibit partial FM order at low temperature, but their saturation magnetization is reduced relative to higher-Si-content samples (x=0.125,0.5). This reduced magnetization is due to an incomplete AFM orthorhombic(II)-> FM orthorhombic(I) magnetostructural phase transition upon cooling, as evidenced by x-ray diffraction. High-pressure XMCD measurements in a diamond-anvil cell show that applied pressures of 5.0, 3.0, and 2.0 GPa restore the full saturation magnetization in x=0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 samples, respectively, by stabilizing the FM-O(I) phase. The mixed-phase behavior is also evidenced in dT(c)/dP, which strongly varies with silicon concentration in these samples at low pressures but becomes independent of x at higher pressures where values typical of higher-x samples (0.125 < x < 0.5) are found. C1 [Tseng, Y. C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Tseng, Y. C.; Haskel, D.; Souza-Neto, N. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Magnet Mat Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mudryk, Ya.; Pecharsky, V. K.; Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pecharsky, V. K.; Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tseng, YC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM haskel@aps.anl.gov RI Souza-Neto, Narcizo/G-1303-2010 OI Souza-Neto, Narcizo/0000-0002-7474-8017 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC-02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-07CH1358]; Office of Science FX The work at Argonne and Ames was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contracts No. DE-AC-02-06CH11357 and No. DE-AC02-07CH1358, respectively. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214433 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400078 ER PT J AU Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Welp, U Imre, A Rosenmann, D Pearson, J Kwok, WK AF Vlasko-Vlasov, V. K. Welp, U. Imre, A. Rosenmann, D. Pearson, J. Kwok, W. K. TI Soft magnetic lithography and giant magnetoresistance in superconducting/ferromagnetic hybrids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE critical currents; ferromagnetic materials; flux flow; flux pinning; giant magnetoresistance; interface magnetism; lead; magnetic domains; Permalloy; soft lithography; switching; type I superconductors ID SUPERCONDUCTOR-FERROMAGNET HETEROSTRUCTURES; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; STRAY FIELD; BILAYER; MULTILAYERS; ARRAYS; DOTS; SUPERLATTICES AB We demonstrate an approach to create a tunable pinning potential in a superconducting/ferromagnetic (SC/FM) hybrid, allowing the switching of their electronic properties through the application of a small magnetic field. Using direct magneto-optical imaging, macroscopic transport, and magnetic measurements, we show that the alignment of stripe domains in the ferromagnet provides a remarkable directionality for the superconducting vortex motion. An analysis of the anisotropic flux motion demonstrates a substantial critical current anisotropy in the superconductor. The possibility of aligning stable lattices of stripe domains in select directions using in-plane magnetic fields allows the realization of soft magnetic lithography for efficient manipulation of supercurrent flow in SC/FM bilayers. Furthermore, in our samples we observed a pronounced magnetoresistance effect yielding 4 orders of magnitude resistivity change in a few millitesla in-plane field. C1 [Vlasko-Vlasov, V. K.; Welp, U.; Imre, A.; Rosenmann, D.; Pearson, J.; Kwok, W. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vlasko-Vlasov, VK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/A-2912-2010 OI Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/0000-0002-4271-1623 FU University of Chicago, Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory "Argonne."; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Laboratory [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The authors are grateful to E. B. Sonin and N. B. Kopnin for useful discussions. The submitted paper was created by the University of Chicago, Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory "Argonne." Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 77 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214511 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400092 ER PT J AU Vo, NQ Averback, RS Bellon, P Caro, A AF Vo, Nhon Q. Averback, Robert S. Bellon, Pascal Caro, Alfredo TI Limits of hardness at the nanoscale: Molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE copper; grain boundaries; grain size; hardening; hardness; molecular dynamics method; nanostructured materials; slip; yield stress ID NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; NI AB Contrary to the often reported findings from molecular dynamics computer simulation that metals soften as their grain sizes fall below 10-15 nm, we do not observe such softening in nanocrystalline specimens when they are first thermally relaxed. We offer a simple model that illustrates that the increased hardening is a consequence of grain-boundary relaxation, which suppresses grain-boundary sliding and forces the material to deform by dislocation glide. These observations provide an explanation for why some experiments observe an inverse Hall-Petch relationship at grain sizes below 10-20 nm while others do not. C1 [Vo, Nhon Q.; Averback, Robert S.; Bellon, Pascal] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Caro, Alfredo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vo, NQ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Vo, Nhon/E-4599-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DEFG0205ER46217]; DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DEFG52-06NA26153,]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences under Grant No. DEFG0205ER46217, the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Grant No. DEFG52-06NA26153, and in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 241402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.241402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400012 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Zhang, JZ Daemen, LL Lin, ZJ Zhao, YS Wang, LP AF Wang, Yuejian Zhang, Jianzhong Daemen, Luke L. Lin, Zhijun Zhao, Yusheng Wang, Liping TI Thermal equation of state of rhenium diboride by high pressure-temperature synchrotron x-ray studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE elastic moduli; equations of state; high-pressure effects; high-temperature effects; rhenium compounds; thermal expansion; thermoelasticity; X-ray diffraction ID NITRIDE AB The unit-cell volume of rhenium diboride (ReB(2)) has been measured by synchrotron x-ray diffraction at pressures and temperatures of up to 7.5 GPa and 1100 K with a cubic anvil apparatus. From the pressure (P)-volume (V)-temperature (T) measurements, thermoelastic parameters were derived for ReB(2) based on a modified high-T Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and a thermal-pressure approach. With the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus, K(0)('), fixed at 4.0, we obtain: the ambient bulk modulus K(0)=334(23) GPa, temperature derivative of bulk modulus at constant pressure (partial derivative K/partial derivative T)(P)=-0.064(6) GPa K(-1), volumetric thermal expansivity alpha(T)(K(-1))=a+bT with a=1.33(25)x10(-5) K(-1) and b=1.48(64)x10(-8) K(-2), pressure derivative of thermal expansion (partial derivative alpha/partial derivative P)(T)=-5.76(95)x10(-7) GPa(-1) K(-1), and temperature derivative of bulk modulus at constant volume (partial derivative K/partial derivative T)(V)=-0.049(11) GPa K(-1). The ambient bulk modulus derived from this work is comparable to previous experimental and theoretical results. These results, including the ambient bulk modulus and other thermoelastic parameters determined in present study, extend our knowledge of the fundamental thermophysical properties on ReB(2) and are important to the development of theoretical and computational modelings of hard materials. C1 [Wang, Yuejian; Zhang, Jianzhong; Daemen, Luke L.; Lin, Zhijun; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Liping] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lin, Zhijun/A-5543-2010; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos National Security LLC [DEAC52-06NA25396]; Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES); NSF [EAR 01-35554] FX This research was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE (Contract No. DEAC52-06NA25396). The experimental work was carried out at beamline X17B2 of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES) under NSF (Cooperative Agreement No. EAR 01-35554). NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224106 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200022 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Xu, ZJ Xu, GY Tranquada, JM Gu, G Chang, S Kang, HJ AF Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Zhijun Xu, Guangyong Tranquada, J. M. Gu, Genda Chang, S. Kang, H. J. TI Magnetic field induced enhancement of spin-order peak intensity in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; barium compounds; high-temperature superconductors; lanthanum compounds; neutron diffraction; strips; superconducting energy gap ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; WAVE AB We report on neutron-scattering results on the impact of a magnetic field on stripe order in the cuprate La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. It is found that a 7 T magnetic field applied along the c axis causes a small but finite enhancement of the spin-order peak intensity and has no observable effect on the peak width. Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements indicate that the low-energy magnetic excitations are not affected by the field, within experimental error. In particular, the small energy gap that was recently reported is still present at low temperature in the applied field. In addition, we find that the spin-correlation length along the antiferromagnetic stripes is greater than that perpendicular to them. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Zhijun; Xu, Guangyong; Tranquada, J. M.; Gu, Genda] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chang, S.; Kang, H. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 212506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.212506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400020 ER PT J AU Wohlfeld, K Daghofer, M Oles, AM Horsch, P AF Wohlfeld, Krzysztof Daghofer, Maria Oles, Andrzej M. Horsch, Peter TI Spectral properties of orbital polarons in Mott insulators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Hubbard model; localised states; photoelectron spectra; polarons; superexchange interactions; t-J model ID T-J MODEL; SINGLE-PARTICLE EXCITATIONS; FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNET; HUBBARD-MODEL; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; SPIN POLARONS; SELF-ENERGY; DYNAMICS; LAMNO3 AB We address the spectral properties of Mott insulators with orbital degrees of freedom, and investigate cases where the orbital symmetry leads to Ising-type superexchange in the orbital sector. The paradigm of a hole propagating by its coupling to quantum fluctuations, known from the spin t-J model, then no longer applies. We find instead that when one of the two orbital flavors is immobile, as in the Falicov-Kimball model, trapped orbital polarons coexist with free hole propagation emerging from the effective three-site hopping in the regime of large on-site Coulomb interaction U. The spectral functions are found analytically in this case within the retraceable path approximation in one and two dimensions. On the contrary, when both of the orbitals are active, as in the model for t(2g) electrons in two dimensions, we find propagating polarons with incoherent scattering dressing the moving hole and renormalizing the quasiparticle dispersion. Here, the spectral functions, calculated using the self-consistent Born approximation, are anisotropic and depend on the orbital flavor. Unbiased conclusions concerning the spectral properties are established by comparing the above results for the orbital t-J models with those obtained using the variational cluster approximation or exact diagonalization for the corresponding Hubbard models. The present work makes predictions concerning the essential features of photoemission spectra of certain fluorides and vanadates. C1 [Wohlfeld, Krzysztof; Daghofer, Maria; Oles, Andrzej M.; Horsch, Peter] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Wohlfeld, Krzysztof; Oles, Andrzej M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Daghofer, Maria] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wohlfeld, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Daghofer, Maria/C-5762-2008; Horsch, Peter/B-9612-2011; Wohlfeld, Krzysztof/B-4489-2014 OI Daghofer, Maria/0000-0001-9434-8937; Wohlfeld, Krzysztof/0000-0002-6524-8264 FU Foundation for Polish Science (FNP); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N202 068 32/1481]; NSF [DMR-0706020]; F. Kogutowska Foundation, Jagellonian University FX We acknowledge financial support by the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under Project No. N202 068 32/1481, and the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0706020. K. W. acknowledges as well support by the F. Kogutowska Foundation of the Jagellonian University. NR 70 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214423 PG 24 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400068 ER PT J AU Yi, DO Jhon, MH Sharp, ID Xu, Q Yuan, CW Liao, CY Ager, JW Haller, EE Chrzan, DC AF Yi, D. O. Jhon, M. H. Sharp, I. D. Xu, Q. Yuan, C. W. Liao, C. Y. Ager, J. W., III Haller, E. E. Chrzan, D. C. TI Modeling nucleation and growth of encapsulated nanocrystals: Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and rate theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; island structure; Monte Carlo methods; nanostructured materials; nucleation; SCF calculations ID ION-BEAM SYNTHESIS; ISLAND GROWTH; MEMORY; SIO2; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; RAMAN AB The nucleation, growth, and early coarsening stages of three-dimensional (3D) cluster growth are modeled with an off-lattice 3D Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation and using a mean-field self-consistent solution to a set of coupled rate equations describing the process. The two approaches yield solutions that agree remarkably well, both for average properties and for the full cluster size distribution throughout the entire growth and coarsening regime. The asymptotic scaling properties of the island size distribution are shown to be similar to those expected from the analysis of Marqusee and Ross. C1 [Yi, D. O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jhon, M. H.; Sharp, I. D.; Xu, Q.; Yuan, C. W.; Liao, C. Y.; Ager, J. W., III; Haller, E. E.; Chrzan, D. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jhon, M. H.; Sharp, I. D.; Xu, Q.; Yuan, C. W.; Liao, C. Y.; Haller, E. E.; Chrzan, D. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yi, DO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Sharp, Ian/I-6163-2015; Jhon, Mark/N-1500-2016; OI Sharp, Ian/0000-0001-5238-7487; Jhon, Mark/0000-0002-9407-8452; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 FU Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U. S. NSF [DMR-0109844] FX The authors acknowledge A. Kubota and W. G. Wolfer for insightful discussions of KMC algorithms and rate theory. D. C. C and E. E. H. acknowledge support from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and in part by U. S. NSF under Grant No. DMR-0109844. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245415 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400082 ER PT J AU Zhang, HZ Chen, B Banfield, JF Waychunas, GA AF Zhang, Hengzhong Chen, Bin Banfield, Jillian F. Waychunas, Glenn A. TI Atomic structure of nanometer-sized amorphous TiO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE adsorption; bond lengths; crystallisation; Fourier transforms; molecular dynamics method; Monte Carlo methods; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; particle size; semiconductor materials; titanium compounds; transmission electron microscopy; X-ray absorption spectra; X-ray scattering ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ANATASE-TO-RUTILE; NANOCRYSTALLINE ANATASE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACE; SIMULATIONS; XAFS; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB Amorphous titania (TiO2) is an important precursor for synthesis of single-phase nanocrystalline anatase. We synthesized amorphous titania by hydrolysis of titanium ethoxide at the ice point. Transmission electron microscopy examination and nitrogen gas adsorption indicated that the particle size of the synthesized titania is similar to 2 nm. Synchrotron wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) was used to probe the atomic correlations in this amorphous sample. Atomic pair-distribution function (PDF) derived from Fourier transform of the WAXS data was used for reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations of the atomic structure of the amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles. Molecular-dynamics simulations were used to generate input structures for the RMC. X-ray-absorption spectroscopy (XAS) simulations were used to screen candidate structures obtained from the RMC by comparing with experimental XAS data. The structure model that best describes both the WAXS and XAS data shows that amorphous TiO2 particles consist of a highly distorted shell and a small strained anataselike crystalline core. The average coordination number of Ti is 5.3 and most Ti-O bonds are populated around 1.940 A. Relative to bulk TiO2, the reduction in the coordination number is primarily due to the truncation of the Ti-O octahedra at the amorphous nanoparticle surface and the shortening of the Ti-O bond length to the bond contraction in the distorted shell. The pre-existence of the anataselike core may be critical to the formation of single-phase nanocrystalline anatase in crystallization of amorphous TiO2 upon heating. C1 [Zhang, Hengzhong; Chen, Bin; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waychunas, Glenn A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, HZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM heng@eps.berkeley.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-01ER15218]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0123967] FX Synchrotron experiments were performed at beamlines 11-ID-C (WAXS), 20-BM-B (XAS), and 5-BM-D (XAS), Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. We thank R. Yen, Q. Ma, and M. Balasubramanian for assistance in the beamline experiments. Computations were carried out in the Geochemistry Computer Cluster, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Y. Joly is thanked for help in using the FDMNES program. Financial support was provided by the U. S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG03-01ER15218) and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. EAR-0123967). NR 30 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 9 U2 103 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214106 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400029 ER PT J AU Zhang, LM Li, ZQ Basov, DN Fogler, MM Hao, Z Martin, MC AF Zhang, L. M. Li, Z. Q. Basov, D. N. Fogler, M. M. Hao, Z. Martin, M. C. TI Determination of the electronic structure of bilayer graphene from infrared spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE carbon; electronic structure; infrared spectra; nanostructured materials; reflection; tunnelling ID INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; BAND-STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE; CONDUCTIVITY; DEPENDENCE; BINDING; FIELD AB We present an experimental study of the infrared conductivity, transmission, and reflection of a gated bilayer graphene and their theoretical analysis within the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure (SWMc) model. The infrared response is shown to be governed by the interplay of the interband and the intraband transitions among the four bands of the bilayer. The position of the main conductivity peak at the charge-neutrality point is determined by the interlayer tunneling frequency. The shift of this peak as a function of the gate voltage gives information about less known parameters of the SWMc model such as those responsible for the electron-hole and sublattice asymmetries. These parameter values are shown to be consistent with recent electronic structure calculations for the bilayer graphene and the SWMc parameters commonly used for the bulk graphite. C1 [Zhang, L. M.; Li, Z. Q.; Basov, D. N.; Fogler, M. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hao, Z.; Martin, M. C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Hao, Zhao/G-2391-2015 OI Hao, Zhao/0000-0003-0677-8529 NR 54 TC 176 Z9 178 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 235408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235408 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400094 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Wang, LW AF Zhang, Yong Mascarenhas, A. Wang, L. -W. TI Interplay of alloying and ordering on the electronic structure of GaxIn1-xP alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE copper alloys; critical points; electronic structure; energy gap; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; platinum alloys; pseudopotential methods ID CONDUCTION-BAND STRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; QUANTUM DOTS; ENERGY; STRAIN; SUPERLATTICES; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALS; GAINP AB In this work, we extend the study of the electronic structure of disordered and ordered GaxIn1-xP alloys from the focus of most previous effort, x similar to 0.5, to the whole composition range, 0 < x < 1, using an improved empirical pseudopotential method with a supercell approach that employs a sufficiently large supercell size of similar to 28 000 atoms-a size needed to realistically model disordered and partially ordered alloys. This study provides insights into the underlying physics of the alloy system in two important phases-disordered and CuPt ordered-and the interplay of alloying and ordering effects. It also offers much-needed guidance for the optimal use of ordering phenomenon in a range of applications including telecommunications, photovoltaics, and solid-state lighting. Critical-point energies, interband transition matrix elements, and optical anisotropy are calculated for both the disordered and ordered phases. The deviation of the wave function of an alloy state from that of a virtual-crystal state is analyzed using a spectral function. The implications of such deviation are examined explicitly for the above-mentioned properties. Unusual ordering effects are revealed in the indirect-band-gap composition region of the alloy. The connection and distinction between the ordered and disordered structures are discussed. An often-used perturbation theory, known as "a quasicubic model," is found to be reasonably accurate for predicting the anisotropy of the interband transition but inadequate for predicting the intensity variation with varying order parameter. C1 [Zhang, Yong] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wang, L. -W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yong_zhang@nrel.gov FU DOE-OS-BES [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; NREL [DEAC0205CH11231] FX This work was supported by the DOE-OS-BES under Contracts No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 to NREL and No. DEAC0205CH11231 to LBNL. The work used the computational resources of NERSC at LBNL. We thank Suhuai Wei for useful discussions. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 23 AR 235202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235202 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PO UT WOS:000262245400056 ER PT J AU Zhou, XW Doty, FP AF Zhou, X. W. Doty, F. P. TI Embedded-ion method: An analytical energy-conserving charge-transfer interatomic potential and its application to the La-Br system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE charge transfer states; crystal structure; lanthanum compounds; molecular dynamics method; potential energy functions; stoichiometry ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BOND-ORDER POTENTIALS; ATOM-METHOD; MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DEFECT STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-GAS; OXIDES; SURFACE AB Molecular-dynamics simulations of ionically bonded material systems with nonstoichiometric composition, interfaces or surfaces, defects, or other local environments that are substantially different from a stoichiometric bulk require the use of a variable charge interatomic potential. In conventional variable charge molecular-dynamics simulations, the charges on atoms are solved by minimizing the system potential energy with respect to charges. The reduced potential energy during this energy minimization process is not accounted for in the force calculation and therefore does not contribute to a corresponding increase in the kinetic energies of atoms. As a result, the total system energy decays over time. This energy nonconserving behavior precludes the method from being used to study problems such as thermal transport and thermal diffusion. It may also lead to inaccurate results for other types of simulations. Here we attempt to overcome this problem by analytically incorporating variable charge concepts into an embedded-ion method, which has mathematical format similar to the well-known embedded-atom method. We illustrate the approach using the La-Br system. C1 [Zhou, X. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mech Mat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Doty, F. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhou, XW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mech Mat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM xzhou@sandia.gov FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Corporation; National Nuclear Security Administration; United States Department of Energy [DEAC04-94AL85000]; U. S. Department of Energy FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC04-94AL85000. This project was sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, NA22 Advanced Materials. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224307 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200046 ER PT J AU Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Andronic, A Antonczyk, D Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Bielcikova, J Braun-Munzinger, P Busch, O Cherlin, A Damjanovic, S Dietel, T Dietrich, L Drees, A Dubitzky, W Esumi, SI Filimonov, K Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabatos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Holeczek, J Kalisky, M Kniege, S Kushpil, V Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Miskowiec, D Ortega, R Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Ploskon, M Radomski, S Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Sako, H Schmitz, W Schuchmann, S Schukraft, J Sedykh, S Shimansky, S Soualah, R Stachel, J Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Tsiledakis, G Wessels, JP Wienold, T Wurm, JP Yurevich, S Yurevich, V AF Adamova, D. Agakichiev, G. Andronic, A. Antonczyk, D. Appelshaeuser, H. Belaga, V. Bielcikova, J. Braun-Munzinger, P. Busch, O. Cherlin, A. Damjanovic, S. Dietel, T. Dietrich, L. Drees, A. Dubitzky, W. Esumi, S. I. Filimonov, K. Fomenko, K. Fraenkel, Z. Garabatos, C. Glaessel, P. Hering, G. Holeczek, J. Kalisky, M. Kniege, S. Kushpil, V. Maas, A. Marin, A. Milosevic, J. Miskowiec, D. Ortega, R. Panebrattsev, Y. Petchenova, O. Petracek, V. Ploskon, M. Radomski, S. Rak, J. Ravinovich, I. Rehak, P. Sako, H. Schmitz, W. Schuchmann, S. Schukraft, J. Sedykh, S. Shimansky, S. Soualah, R. Stachel, J. Sumbera, M. Tilsner, H. Tserruya, I. Tsiledakis, G. Wessels, J. P. Wienold, T. Wurm, J. P. Yurevich, S. Yurevich, V. TI Azimuthal dependence of pion source radii in Pb plus Au collisions at 158A GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; ANISOTROPIC TRANSVERSE FLOW; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; INTERFEROMETRY; HYDRODYNAMICS; PLASMA; SPS AB We present results of a two-pion correlation analysis performed with the Pb+Au collision data collected by the upgraded CERES experiment in the fall of 2000. The analysis was done in bins of the reaction centrality and the pion azimuthal emission angle with respect to the reaction plane. The pion source, deduced from the data, is slightly elongated in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane, similarly as was observed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Alternating Gradient Synchrotron and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. C1 [Adamova, D.; Kushpil, V.; Sumbera, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Agakichiev, G.; Belaga, V.; Fomenko, K.; Panebrattsev, Y.; Petchenova, O.; Shimansky, S.; Yurevich, V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Andronic, A.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Garabatos, C.; Hering, G.; Holeczek, J.; Maas, A.; Marin, A.; Miskowiec, D.; Rak, J.; Sako, H.; Sedykh, S.; Tsiledakis, G.; Yurevich, S.] Schwerionenforsch GmbH, GSI Helmholtzzentrum, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Antonczyk, D.; Appelshaeuser, H.; Kniege, S.; Ploskon, M.; Schuchmann, S.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Bielcikova, J.; Wurm, J. P.] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bielcikova, J.; Busch, O.; Damjanovic, S.; Dietrich, L.; Dubitzky, W.; Esumi, S. I.; Filimonov, K.; Glaessel, P.; Milosevic, J.; Ortega, R.; Petracek, V.; Radomski, S.; Schmitz, W.; Soualah, R.; Stachel, J.; Tilsner, H.; Wienold, T.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Cherlin, A.; Fraenkel, Z.; Ravinovich, I.; Tserruya, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Dietel, T.; Kalisky, M.; Wessels, J. P.] Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Drees, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rehak, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schukraft, J.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Adamova, D (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064901 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100045 ER PT J AU Andersen, JU Chevallier, J Forster, JS Karamian, SA Vane, CR Beene, JR Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Gross, CJ Krause, HF Padilla-Rodal, E Radford, D Shapira, D Broude, C Malaguti, F Uguzzoni, A AF Andersen, J. U. Chevallier, J. Forster, J. S. Karamian, S. A. Vane, C. R. Beene, J. R. Galindo-Uribarri, A. del Campo, J. Gomez Gross, C. J. Krause, H. F. Padilla-Rodal, E. Radford, D. Shapira, D. Broude, C. Malaguti, F. Uguzzoni, A. TI Attosecond time delays in heavy-ion induced fission measured by crystal blocking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ONE-BODY DISSIPATION; NUCLEAR-FISSION; FUSION-FISSION; RESTRICTED EQUILIBRIUM; EXCITATION-ENERGY; QUASI-FISSION; MONTE-CARLO; PHASE-SPACE; DECAY TIMES; DYNAMICS AB The time delays in fission induced by bombardment of W with 180 MeV (32)S, 240-255 MeV (48)Ti, 330-375 MeV (58)Ni, and 390 MeV (74)Ge have been measured by observation of crystal blocking. Nearly all results are consistent with exponential decay with lifetimes of order 10(-18) s which depend weakly on the atomic number of the composite nucleus. This is inconsistent with the Bohr-Wheeler model of fission from a compound nucleus in statistical equilibrium at each stage in a neutron evaporation cascade and supports a picture of strongly damped quasifission. A simple diffusion model with one-body dissipation reproduces roughly the observed time scale and the exponential decay. It suggests that the outer fission barrier could play a significant role in the observed, very slow decays. C1 [Andersen, J. U.; Chevallier, J.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Forster, J. S.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Karamian, S. A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, FLNR, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Vane, C. R.; Beene, J. R.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; del Campo, J. Gomez; Gross, C. J.; Krause, H. F.; Padilla-Rodal, E.; Radford, D.; Shapira, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Broude, C.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Malaguti, F.; Uguzzoni, A.] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Malaguti, F.; Uguzzoni, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Andersen, JU (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 FU NATO [CLG980118]; US Department of Energy [DEAC05000R22725]; UT-Batelle, LLC FX We thank the HRIBF operations staff for providing the high quality, stable beams required for these experiments. We are grateful to W. J. Swiatecki for his continued interest in our results and for sharing with us his deep insight into the dynamics of heavy nuclei. Support by NATO Grant No. CLG980118 has been crucial for bringing together the international research group for experiments and data analysis. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC05000R22725 with UT-Batelle, LLC. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064609 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100035 ER PT J AU Bertolli, MG Papenbrock, T AF Bertolli, Michael G. Papenbrock, Thomas TI Energy functional for the three-level Lipkin model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HARTREE-FOCK CALCULATIONS; SKYRMES INTERACTION; MASS FORMULAS; DENSITY; NUCLEI; FERMIONS AB We compute the energy functional of a three-level Lipkin model via a Legrendre transform and compare exact numerical results with analytical solutions obtained from the random phase approximation (RPA). Except for the region of the phase transition, the RPA solutions perform very well. We also study the case of three nondegenerate levels and again find that the RPA solution agrees well with the exact numerical result. For this case, the analytical results give us insight into the form of the energy functional in the presence of symmetry-breaking one-body potentials. C1 [Bertolli, Michael G.; Papenbrock, Thomas] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Papenbrock, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bertolli, MG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER40963, DE-FG02-07ER41529, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-96ER40963, DE-FG02-07ER41529 (University of Tennessee), and DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064310 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100018 ER PT J AU Goldblum, BL Prussin, SG Agvaanluvsan, U Bernstein, LA Bleuel, DL Younes, W Guttormsen, M AF Goldblum, B. L. Prussin, S. G. Agvaanluvsan, U. Bernstein, L. A. Bleuel, D. L. Younes, W. Guttormsen, M. TI Determination of (n, gamma) cross sections in the rare-earth region using the surrogate ratio method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LEVEL DENSITY; DECAY AB The surrogate ratio method was used to convert experimentally determined relative gamma-decay probabilities for excited (171)Yb and (161)Dy nuclei, populated using ((3)He, (3)He') and ((3)He, alpha) reactions, into neutron-induced gamma-decay cross sections in an equivalent neutron energy range of 165-465 keV. The relative gamma-decay probabilities were measured using the CACTUS array at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory and were found to agree with the ratio of neutron-induced gamma-decay cross sections for the same compound nuclei over the range of excitation energies measured. No significant entrance-channel effects on the extracted (n, gamma) cross sections were observed. The cross sections obtained using the surrogate ratio method were compared to directly measured neutron-capture cross sections and found to agree within the total estimated uncertainty over the range of equivalent neutron energies measured. C1 [Goldblum, B. L.; Prussin, S. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Agvaanluvsan, U.; Bernstein, L. A.; Bleuel, D. L.; Younes, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Guttormsen, M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Goldblum, BL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bethany@nuc.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation; Department of Homeland Security; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Norwegian Research Council (NFR) FX We acknowledge the fruitful discussions and advice of L. G. Moretto and E. B. Norman and thank the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory operations and facilities staff for their help in performing these experiments. This work was supported by a grant by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Homeland Security and performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Norwegian Research Council (NFR) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064606 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100032 ER PT J AU Kulagin, SA Melnitchouk, W AF Kulagin, S. A. Melnitchouk, W. TI Spin structure functions of He-3 at finite Q(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; 3-NUCLEON BOUND-STATES; DEUTERON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS F2N; POLARIZED HE-3; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; NEUTRON; TARGETS; PROTON AB Using recently derived relations between spin-dependent nuclear and nucleon g(1) and g(2) structure functions at finite Q(2), we study nuclear effects in He-3 in the nucleon resonance and deep inelastic regions. Comparing the finite-Q(2) results with the standard convolution formulas obtained in the large-Q(2) limit, we find significant broadening of the effective nucleon momentum distribution functions, leading to additional suppression of the nuclear g(1) and g(2) structure functions around the resonance peaks. C1 [Kulagin, S. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, RU-117312 Moscow, Russia. [Melnitchouk, W.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kulagin, SA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, RU-117312 Moscow, Russia. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.065203 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100058 ER PT J AU Marcucci, LE Pervin, M Pieper, SC Schiavilla, R Wiringa, RB AF Marcucci, L. E. Pervin, Muslema Pieper, Steven C. Schiavilla, R. Wiringa, R. B. TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic moments and M1 transitions in A <= 7 nuclei including meson-exchange currents SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FEW-BODY NUCLEI; LIGHT-NUCLEI; FORM-FACTORS; FREEDOM; CAPTURE AB Green's function Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic moments and M1 transitions including two-body meson-exchange current (MEC) contributions are reported for A <= 7 nuclei. The realistic Argonne nu(18) two-nucleon and Illinois-2 three-nucleon potentials are used to generate the nuclear wave functions. The two-body meson-exchange operators are constructed to satisfy the continuity equation with the Argonne nu(18) potential. The MEC contributions increase the A = 3, 7 isovector magnetic moments by 16% and the A = 6, 7 M1 transition rates by 17-34%, bringing them into very good agreement with the experimental data. C1 [Marcucci, L. E.] Univ Pisa, Dept Phys Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Marcucci, L. E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Pervin, Muslema; Pieper, Steven C.; Wiringa, R. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schiavilla, R.] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Schiavilla, R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Marcucci, LE (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dept Phys Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM marcucci@df.unipi.it; muslema@phy.anl.gov; spieper@anl.gov; schiavil@jlab.org; wiringa@anl.gov RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-06OR23177]; SciDAC [DE-FC02-07ER41457] FX Themany-body calculations were performed on the parallel computers of the Laboratory Computing Resource Center, Argonne National Laboratory. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357 ( M. P., S. C. P., and R. B. W.) and DE-AC05-06OR23177 ( R. S.) and under SciDAC Grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41457. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.065501 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100060 ER PT J AU Matei, C Brune, CR Massey, TN AF Matei, C. Brune, C. R. Massey, T. N. TI Measurements of branching ratios from the 7.12-MeV state in O-16 and the C-12(alpha, gamma)O-16 reaction cross section SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STELLAR ENERGIES; C-12(ALPHA,GAMMA)O-16; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EFFICIENCY; DETECTOR; C-12 AB Gamma-ray branching ratios of the 7.12-MeV state in O-16 have been measured using the gamma-gamma coincidence technique. The extrapolations of several components of the important C-12(alpha, gamma)O-16 cross section to helium-burning energies are dependent upon the 7.12 -> 6.92 MeV branching ratio. An experimental upper limit has been placed on this transition; the 7.12 -> 6.13 MeV branching ratio has also been measured. Relative cross sections and gamma-ray angular distributions have been measured for the F-19(p, a alpha gamma) reaction at several energies near E-p = 2 MeV, leading to the 6.13-, 6.92-, and 7.12-MeV states of O-16. Monte Carlo simulations of the various detectors have been developed and the simulated detector efficiencies have been compared and adjusted to experimental measurements. The available experimental data relating to the C-12(alpha, gamma)O-16 cross section have been fitted with the R-matrix formalism. The new upper limit on the 7.12. 6.92 MeV branching ratio impacts the extrapolation of both the E2 ground-state cross section and the cascade cross section through the 6.92- MeV state. C1 [Matei, C.; Brune, C. R.; Massey, T. N.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Matei, C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Matei, C (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM mateic@ornl.gov RI Matei, Catalin/B-2586-2008 OI Matei, Catalin/0000-0002-2254-3853 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-88ER40387, DE-FC03-3NA00143] FX We would like to thank D. Carter for assistance with the electronics and D. Jacobs for maintaining the accelerator. We also wish to thank J. O'Donnell, M. Hornish, Y. Parpottas, A. Salas, and R. Wheeler for assistance with the experiments. We are grateful to Lothar Buchmann for making his Rmatrix fits available and thus allowing us to cross-check the results of our R-matrix code. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, under Grant Nos. DE-FG02-88ER40387 ( OhioUniversity) and DE-FC03-3NA00143 ( Oak Ridge Associated Universities). NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.065801 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100061 ER PT J AU Pastore, S Schiavilla, R Goity, JL AF Pastore, S. Schiavilla, R. Goity, J. L. TI Electromagnetic two-body currents of one- and two-pion range SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-NEUTRON CAPTURE; FIELD THEORY APPROACH; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; NUCLEAR-FORCES; CROSS-SECTION; RADIATIVE-CAPTURE; EXCHANGE CURRENTS; LOW ENERGIES; DEUTERIUM; HE-3 AB Nuclear electromagnetic currents are derived in time-ordered perturbation theory within an effective-field-theory framework including explicit nucleons, Delta isobars, and pions up to one loop, or next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N(3)LO). The currents obtained at next-to-next-to-leading order (N(2)LO), i.e., ignoring loop corrections, are used in a study of neutron radiative captures on protons and deuterons at thermal energies, and of A = 2 and 3 nuclei magnetic moments. The wave functions for A = 2 are derived from solutions of the Schrodinger equation with the Argonne nu(18) (AV18) or CD-Bonn (CDB) potentials, while those for A = 3 are obtained with the hyperspherical-harmonics-expansion method from a realistic Hamiltonian including, in addition to the AV18 or CDB two-nucleon, a three-nucleon potential. With the strengths of the Delta-excitation currents occurring at N(2)LO determined to reproduce the n-p cross section and isovector combination of the trinucleon magnetic moments, we find that the cross section and photon circular polarization parameter, measured in n-d and (n) over right arrow -d processes, are underpredicted by theory; for example, the cross section is underpredicted by 11-38% as the cutoff is increased from 500 to 800 MeV. A complete analysis of the results, in particular their large cutoff dependence, is presented. C1 [Pastore, S.; Schiavilla, R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Schiavilla, R.; Goity, J. L.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Goity, J. L.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Pastore, S (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0555559] FX We thank L. Girlanda, A. Kievsky, L. E. Marcucci, and M. Viviani for discussions and for letting us use their trinucleon wave functions, E. Epelbaum and S. Kolling for an interesting conversation and for sharing with us some of their results on the same topic before publication, and V. Cirigliano for discussions in the early phase of this work. One of the authors ( R. S.) also thanks the Physics Department of the University of Pisa, the INFN Pisa branch, and especially the Pisa group for the support and warm hospitality extended to him on several occasions. The work of R. S. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract DE-AC05-06OR23177, and that of J.L.G. by the National Science Foundation under Grant PHY-0555559. The calculations were made possible by grants of computing time from the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064002 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100008 ER PT J AU Pei, JC Stoitsov, MV Fann, GI Nazarewicz, W Schunck, N Xu, FR AF Pei, J. C. Stoitsov, M. V. Fann, G. I. Nazarewicz, W. Schunck, N. Xu, F. R. TI Deformed coordinate-space Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach to weakly bound nuclei and large deformations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD CALCULATIONS; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; DRIP-LINE NUCLEI; BOGOLYUBOV EQUATIONS; SKYRME; DENSITIES; HALO AB The coordinate-space formulation of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method enables the self-consistent treatment of mean field and pairing in weakly bound systems whose properties are affected by the particle continuum space. Of particular interest are neutron-rich, deformed drip-line nuclei, which can exhibit novel properties associated with neutron skin. To describe such systems theoretically, we developed an accurate two-dimensional lattice Skyrme-HFB solver HFB-AX based on basis (or B)-splines. Compared to previous implementations, ours incorporated a number of improvements aimed at boosting the solver's performance. These include the explicit imposition of axiality and space inversion, use of the modified Broyden method to solve self-consistent equations, and a partial parallelization of the code. HFB-AX has been compared with other HFB codes, both spherical and deformed, and the accuracy of the B-spline expansion was tested by employing the multiresolution wavelet method. Illustrative calculations are carried out for stable and weakly bound nuclei at spherical and very deformed shapes, including constrained fission pathways. In addition to providing new physics insights, HFB-AX can serve as a useful tool to assess the reliability and applicability of coordinate-space and configuration-space HFB frameworks, both existing and in development. C1 [Pei, J. C.] Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pei, J. C.; Stoitsov, M. V.; Nazarewicz, W.; Schunck, N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pei, J. C.; Stoitsov, M. V.; Fann, G. I.; Nazarewicz, W.; Schunck, N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stoitsov, M. V.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Nazarewicz, W.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Xu, F. R.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Pei, JC (reprint author), Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Xu, Furong/K-4178-2013; Pei, Junchen/E-3532-2010; OI Schunck, Nicolas/0000-0002-9203-6849 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER40963, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG05-87ER40361, DE-FC02-07ER41457] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-96ER40963 (University of Tennessee), DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), DE-FG05-87ER40361 (Joint Institute for Heavy Ion Research), and DE-FC02-07ER41457 with UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration. Computational resources were provided by the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Facility. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064306 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100014 ER PT J AU Schunck, N Egido, JL AF Schunck, N. Egido, J. L. TI Nuclear halos and drip lines in symmetry-conserving continuum Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RESONANT STATES; PAIRING CORRELATIONS; COORDINATE SPACE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SYSTEMS; EXPANSIONS; SCATTERING; FORCES; MODEL AB We review the properties of nuclear halos and nuclear skins in drip line nuclei in the framework of the spherical Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory with continuum effects and projection on a good particle number with the Gogny force. We first establish the position of the unprojected HFB drip lines for the two most employed parametrizations of the Gogny force and show that the use of finite-range interactions leads almost always to small-sized halos, even in the least bound nuclei, which is in agreement with most mean-field predictions. We also discuss the size of the neutron skin at the drip line and its relation to neutron asymmetry. The impact of particle-number projection and its conceptual consequences near the drip line are analyzed in detail. In particular, we discuss the role of chemical potential in a projected theory and the criteria required to define the drip line. We show that including particle-number projection can shift the latter, in particular near closed shells. We notice that, as a result, the size of the halo can be increased due to larger pairing correlations. However, combining the most realistic pairing interaction, a proper treatment of the continuum, and particle-number projection does not permit us to reproduce the very large halos observed in very light nuclei. C1 [Schunck, N.; Egido, J. L.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Schunck, N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schunck, N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schunck, N (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Egido, J. Luis/F-4921-2017; OI Egido, J. Luis/0000-0002-8292-6127; Schunck, Nicolas/0000-0002-9203-6849 FU Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [SB2004-0024, FPA2007- 66069]; Spanish Consolider-Ingenio [CSD2007-00042]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-07ER41457, DE-FG02-96ER40963, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX N.S. acknowledges financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Ref. SB2004-0024). This work has been supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia under Contract FPA2007- 66069, by the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN (CSD2007-00042), as well as by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FC02-07ER41457 (University of Washington), DE-FG02-96ER40963 (University of Tennessee), and DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). NR 54 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064305 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100013 ER PT J AU Sjue, SKL Melconian, D Garcia, A Ahmad, I Algora, A Aysto, J Elomaa, VV Eronen, T Hakala, J Hoedl, S Kankainen, A Kessler, T Moore, ID Naab, F Penttila, H Rahaman, S Saastamoinen, A Swanson, HE Weber, C Triambak, S Deryckx, K AF Sjue, S. K. L. Melconian, D. Garcia, A. Ahmad, I. Algora, A. Aysto, J. Elomaa, V. -V. Eronen, T. Hakala, J. Hoedl, S. Kankainen, A. Kessler, T. Moore, I. D. Naab, F. Penttila, H. Rahaman, S. Saastamoinen, A. Swanson, H. E. Weber, C. Triambak, S. Deryckx, K. TI Electron-capture branch of Tc-100 and tests of nuclear wave functions for double-beta decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE PHYSICS; MO-100; IGISOL; RU-100; STATES AB We present a measurement of the electron-capture branch of Tc-100. Our value, B(EC) = (2.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-5), implies that the Mo-100 neutrino absorption cross section to the ground state of Tc-100 is roughly 50% larger than previously thought. Disagreement between the experimental value and QRPA calculations relevant to double-beta decay matrix elements persists. We find agreement with previous measurements of the 539.5- and 590.8-keV gamma-ray intensities. C1 [Sjue, S. K. L.; Garcia, A.; Hoedl, S.; Swanson, H. E.; Triambak, S.; Deryckx, K.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Melconian, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ahmad, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Algora, A.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [Algora, A.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Debrecen, Hungary. [Aysto, J.; Elomaa, V. -V.; Eronen, T.; Hakala, J.; Kankainen, A.; Kessler, T.; Moore, I. D.; Penttila, H.; Rahaman, S.; Saastamoinen, A.; Weber, C.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Naab, F.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sjue, SKL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Melconian, Dan/A-1331-2011; Penttila, Heikki/A-4420-2013; Moore, Iain/D-7255-2014; Kankainen, Anu/K-3448-2014; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015 OI Melconian, Dan/0000-0002-0142-5428; Moore, Iain/0000-0003-0934-8727; Kankainen, Anu/0000-0003-1082-7602; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794 FU US Department of Energy [DE-F602-97ER41020, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Academy of Finland [202256]; Centre of Excellence programme [2006-2011]; Janos Bolyai and Ramon y Cajal research; EC [MERG-CT-2004-506849, MEC-FPA2005-03993] FX We thank Jerzy Szerypo and Peter Dendooven for help in the initial stages of this experiment. This work was partly supported by the US Department of Energy, under contracts DE-F602-97ER41020 at the University of Washington and DE-AC02-06CH11357 at Argonne. This work has been supported by the Academy of Finland under project No. 202256 and the Centre of Excellence programme 2006-2011 (Nuclear and Accelerator Based Physics Programme at JYFL). A. A. gratefully acknowledges support of the Janos Bolyai and Ramon y Cajal research grants, as well as support from EC contracts MERG-CT-2004-506849 and MEC-FPA2005-03993. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064317 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100025 ER PT J AU Steer, SJ Podolyak, Z Pietri, S Gorska, M Regan, PH Rudolph, D Werner-Malento, E Garnsworthy, AB Hoischen, R Gerl, J Wollersheim, HJ Maier, KH Grawe, H Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Caceres, L Doornenbal, P Geissel, H Greabosz, J Kelic, A Kojouharov, I Kurz, N Montes, F Prokopowicz, W Saito, T Schaffner, H Tashenov, S Heinz, A Pfutzner, M Kurtukian-Nieto, T Benzoni, G Jungclaus, A Balabanski, DL Brandau, C Brown, BA Bruce, AM Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Estevez, ME Gelletly, W Ilie, G Jolie, J Jones, GA Kmiecik, M Kondev, FG Krucken, R Lalkovski, S Liu, Z Maj, A Myalski, S Schwertel, S Shizuma, T Walker, PM Wieland, O AF Steer, S. J. Podolyak, Zs. Pietri, S. Gorska, M. Regan, P. H. Rudolph, D. Werner-Malento, E. Garnsworthy, A. B. Hoischen, R. Gerl, J. Wollersheim, H. J. Maier, K. H. Grawe, H. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Caceres, L. Doornenbal, P. Geissel, H. Greabosz, J. Kelic, A. Kojouharov, I. Kurz, N. Montes, F. Prokopowicz, W. Saito, T. Schaffner, H. Tashenov, S. Heinz, A. Pfuetzner, M. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Benzoni, G. Jungclaus, A. Balabanski, D. L. Brandau, C. Brown, B. A. Bruce, A. M. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Estevez, M. E. Gelletly, W. Ilie, G. Jolie, J. Jones, G. A. Kmiecik, M. Kondev, F. G. Kruecken, R. Lalkovski, S. Liu, Z. Maj, A. Myalski, S. Schwertel, S. Shizuma, T. Walker, P. M. Wieland, O. TI Single-particle behavior at N=126: Isomeric decays in neutron-rich Pt-204 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS; FRAGMENTATION; PROTON; ISOTOPES; PB-208; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEI; HG-206; LEVEL AB The four proton-hole nucleus Pt-204 was populated in the fragmentation of an E/A = 1 GeV Pb-208 beam. The yrast structure of Pt-204 has been observed up to angular momentum I = 10h by detecting delayed gamma-ray transitions originating from metastable states. These long-lived excited states have been identified to have spin-parities of I-pi = (10(+)), (7(-)), and (5(-)) and half-lives of T-1/2 = 146(14) ns, 55(3) mu s, and 5.5(7) mu s, respectively. The structure of the magic N = 126 Pt-204 nucleus is discussed and understood in terms of the spherical shell model. The data suggest a revision of the two-body interaction for N = 126, Z < 82, which determines the evolution of nuclear structure toward the r-process waiting point nuclei. C1 [Steer, S. J.; Podolyak, Zs.; Pietri, S.; Regan, P. H.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Brandau, C.; Bruce, A. M.; Catford, W. N.; Cullen, I. J.; Gelletly, W.; Jones, G. A.; Liu, Z.; Shizuma, T.; Walker, P. M.] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Gorska, M.; Werner-Malento, E.; Gerl, J.; Wollersheim, H. J.; Grawe, H.; Becker, F.; Bednarczyk, P.; Caceres, L.; Doornenbal, P.; Geissel, H.; Greabosz, J.; Kelic, A.; Kojouharov, I.; Kurz, N.; Montes, F.; Prokopowicz, W.; Saito, T.; Schaffner, H.; Tashenov, S.] GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Rudolph, D.; Hoischen, R.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Garnsworthy, A. B.; Heinz, A.] Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Maier, K. H.] Univ W Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. [Maier, K. H.; Bednarczyk, P.; Greabosz, J.; Kmiecik, M.; Maj, A.; Myalski, S.] Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Caceres, L.; Jungclaus, A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. [Doornenbal, P.; Ilie, G.; Jolie, J.] Univ Cologne, IKP, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Pfuetzner, M.] Warsaw Univ, IEP, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kurtukian-Nieto, T.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Benzoni, G.; Wieland, O.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Balabanski, D. L.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, INRNE, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Balabanski, D. L.] Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. [Brown, B. A.] Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dombradi, Zs.] Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Estevez, M. E.] Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [Ilie, G.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kruecken, R.; Schwertel, S.] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, D-8046 Garching, Germany. [Lalkovski, S.] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Shizuma, T.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. [Bruce, A. M.; Lalkovski, S.] Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. RP Steer, SJ (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM s.steer@surrey.ac.uk RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Gerl, Juergen/A-3255-2011; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016; Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517; Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 FU EPSRC (UK); AWE plc. (UK); EU [506065]; The Swedish Research Council; The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; The Bulgarian Science Fund; The US Department of Energy; The Spanish Ministeriode Educacion y Ciencia; The German BMBF; The Hungarian Science Foundation; Italian INFN FX The excellent work of the GSI accelerator staff is acknowledged. This work is supported by the EPSRC (UK) and AWE plc. (UK), the EU Access to Large Scale Facilities Programme (EURONS, EU Contract 506065), The Swedish Research Council, The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, The Bulgarian Science Fund, The US Department of Energy, The Spanish Ministeriode Educacion y Ciencia, The German BMBF, The Hungarian Science Foundation, and the Italian INFN. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 061302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.061302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100002 ER PT J AU Toshito, T Kodama, K Sihver, L Yusa, K Ozaki, M Amako, K Kameoka, S Murakami, K Sasaki, T Aoki, S Ban, T Fukuda, T Kubota, H Naganawa, N Nakamura, T Nakano, T Natsume, M Niwa, K Takahashi, S Yoshida, J Yoshida, H Kanazawa, M Kanematsu, N Komori, M Sato, S Asai, M Koi, T Fukushima, C Ogawa, S Shibasaki, M Shibuya, H AF Toshito, T. Kodama, K. Sihver, L. Yusa, K. Ozaki, M. Amako, K. Kameoka, S. Murakami, K. Sasaki, T. Aoki, S. Ban, T. Fukuda, T. Kubota, H. Naganawa, N. Nakamura, T. Nakano, T. Natsume, M. Niwa, K. Takahashi, S. Yoshida, J. Yoshida, H. Kanazawa, M. Kanematsu, N. Komori, M. Sato, S. Asai, M. Koi, T. Fukushima, C. Ogawa, S. Shibasaki, M. Shibuya, H. TI Measurements of projectile-like Be-8 and B-9 production in 200-400 MeV/nucleon C-12 on water SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-PARTICLE CORRELATIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEI; CROSS-SECTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; EMULSION; SYSTEM; EMISSION AB We have studied the production of the projectile-like fragments Be-8 and B-9 produced in interactions of 200 to 400 MeV/nucleon carbon ions with water, using emulsion detectors. In this Brief Report we present the first published production cross section of the projectile-like fragment B-9 in the energy region above 100 MeV/nucleon. The measured production cross sections of these nuclides were compared to calculations using a semiempirical model. We found that the measured cross sections deviate from the calculated values by a factor up to about six. This information is of importance for benchmarking and improving heavy ion nuclear reaction models. C1 [Toshito, T.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Toshito, T.; Amako, K.; Kameoka, S.; Murakami, K.; Sasaki, T.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Kodama, K.] Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 4488542, Japan. [Sihver, L.] Chalmers, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Yusa, K.] Gunma Univ, Maebashi, Gumma 3718510, Japan. [Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Aoki, S.] Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Ban, T.; Fukuda, T.; Kubota, H.; Naganawa, N.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, T.; Natsume, M.; Niwa, K.; Takahashi, S.; Yoshida, J.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Yoshida, H.] Naruto Univ Educ, Naruto 7728502, Japan. [Kanazawa, M.; Kanematsu, N.; Komori, M.; Sato, S.] NIRS, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Asai, M.; Koi, T.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Fukushima, C.; Ogawa, S.; Shibasaki, M.; Shibuya, H.] Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 2748510, Japan. [Sihver, L.] Roanoke Coll, Salem, VA 24153 USA. RP Toshito, T (reprint author), Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. RI Kanematsu, Nobuyuki/B-9130-2008; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Komori, Masataka/I-6259-2014; Aoki, Shigeki/L-6044-2015 OI Kanematsu, Nobuyuki/0000-0002-2534-9933; Komori, Masataka/0000-0002-4545-4917; FU CREST of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) FX The authors thank Dr. Nakahiro Yasuda of NIRS for useful suggestions and Dr. Dennis Wright of SLAC for careful reading of the manuscript. This research was performed as a Research Project with Heavy Ions at NIRS-HIMAC. This work was also supported in part by CREST of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 067602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.067602 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100068 ER PT J AU Wienke, H Capote, R Herman, M Sin, M AF Wienke, H. Capote, R. Herman, M. Sin, M. TI Deformation-dependent Tamura-Udagawa-Lenske multistep direct model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EMISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; CONTINUUM QRPA; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SCATTERING; ENDF/B-VII.0; MOMENTS; NUCLEI AB The multistep direct TUL model has been extended in order to account for nuclear deformation. The new formalism was tested in calculations of neutron emission spectra from the (232)Th(n, xn) reaction. These calculations include vibration-rotational coupled channels for the inelastic scattering to low-lying collective levels, "deformed" multistep direct (MSD) for inelastic scattering to the continuum, multistep compound, and Hauser-Feshbach with advanced treatment of the fission channel. Prompt fission neutrons were also calculated. The comparison with experimental data shows clear improvement over the "spherical" MSD calculations and JEFF-3.1 and JENDL-3.3 evaluations. Similar calculational results have been obtained of neutron emission spectra from the stable deformed nuclei (181)Ta and (184)W. C1 [Wienke, H.] Belgonucleaire, B-2480 Dessel, Belgium. [Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Herman, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sin, M.] Univ Bucharest, Dept Nucl Phys, Bucharest, Romania. RP Wienke, H (reprint author), Belgonucleaire, B-2480 Dessel, Belgium. EM h.wienke@belgacom.net RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 FU CNCSIS [96GR/2007]; International Atomic Energy Agency FX One co-author, M. S., was partially supported by CNCSIS under grant 96GR/2007, code 1650 and by the International Atomic Energy Agency. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064611 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100037 ER PT J AU Wong, CY AF Wong, Cheuk-Yin TI Momentum kick model description of the near-side ridge and jet quenching SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION MECHANISM; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; LUND MONTE-CARLO; ENERGY-LOSS; MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION; SCHWINGER MODEL; E+E-PHYSICS AB In the momentum kick model, a near-side jet emerges near the surface, kicks medium partons, loses energy, and fragments into the trigger particle and fragmentation products. The kicked medium partons subsequently materialize as the observed ridge particles, which carry direct information on the magnitude of the momentum kick and the initial parton momentum distribution at the moment of jet-medium-parton collisions. The initial parton momentum distribution extracted from the STAR ridge data for central Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV has a thermal-like transverse momentum distribution and a rapidity plateau structure with a relatively flat distribution at mid-rapidity and sharp kinematic boundaries at large rapidities. Such a rapidity plateau structure may arise from particle production in flux tubes, as color charges and anticolor charges separate at high energies. The centrality dependence of the ridge yield and the degree of jet quenching can be consistently described by the momentum kick model. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wongc@ornl.gov OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 FU Division of Nuclear Physics; US Department of Energy [DE- AC05-00OR22725] FX The author wishes to thank Drs. Fuqiang Wang, V. Cianciolo, Jiangyong Jia, Zhangbu Xu, and C. Nattrass for helpful discussions and communications. This research was supported in part by the Division of Nuclear Physics, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE- AC05-00OR22725, managed by UT- Battelle, LLC. NR 113 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064905 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100049 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Qi, B Meng, J Peng, J Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Lee, IY Liu, SH Li, K Wang, JG Ding, HB Gu, L Yeoh, EY Ma, WC AF Xu, Q. Zhu, S. J. Hamilton, J. H. Ramayya, A. V. Hwang, J. K. Qi, B. Meng, J. Peng, J. Luo, Y. X. Rasmussen, J. O. Lee, I. Y. Liu, S. H. Li, K. Wang, J. G. Ding, H. B. Gu, L. Yeoh, E. Y. Ma, W. C. TI Identification of pseudospin partner bands in Tc-108 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SPIN SYMMETRY; ISOTOPES; FISSION AB High-spin structures in the neutron-rich Tc-108 nucleus have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt gamma-rays from spontaneous fission of Cf-252. A previously known collective band has been extended up to higher spin states and a new side band has been identified. These doublet bands are proposed as pseudospin partner bands with configurations pi 1/2(+)[431] circle times nu[(312) over tilde 5/2(+), 3/2(+)], which is a first identification in A similar to 100 region. The particle-rotor model (PRM) was applied to calculate levels and B(M1)/B(E2) ratios of the bands in Tc-108. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. C1 [Xu, Q.; Zhu, S. J.; Wang, J. G.; Ding, H. B.; Gu, L.; Yeoh, E. Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhu, S. J.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hwang, J. K.; Luo, Y. X.; Liu, S. H.; Li, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Qi, B.; Meng, J.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Peng, J.] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Luo, Y. X.; Rasmussen, J. O.; Lee, I. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ma, W. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zhushj@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn RI Qi, Bin/G-7657-2012; Meng, Jie/B-8548-2009 OI Meng, Jie/0000-0002-0977-5318 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10575057, 10775078]; Major State Basic Research Development Program [2007CB815005]; Special Program of Higher Education Science Foundation [20070003149]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG05-88ER40407, DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX The work in Tsinghua University was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10575057, 10775078, the Major State Basic Research Development Program under Grand No. 2007CB815005, the Special Program of Higher Education Science Foundation under Grant No. 20070003149. The work at Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, was supported, respectively, by the US Department of Energy under Grant and Contract Nos. DE-FG05-88ER40407 and DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.064301 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 391QP UT WOS:000262248100009 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Bednar, P Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Cuenca Almenar, C Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giakoumopolou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U Guimaraes da Costa, J Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Koay, SA Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lovas, L Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lueck, J Luci, C Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moed, S Moggi, N Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Movilla Fernandez, P Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MA Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyria, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, 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Adelman, J. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Alvarez Gonzalez, B. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Apresyan, A. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Bednar, P. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bridgeman, A. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. 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Vine, T. Vogel, M. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wagner, W. Wakisaka, T. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zheng, Y. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF-Collaboration TI First measurement of the fraction of top-quark pair production through gluon-gluon fusion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HADRON COLLIDERS; JETS AB We present the first measurement of sigma(gg -> t (t) over bar)/sigma(p (p) over bar -> t (t) over bar). We use 0.96 fb(-1) of root s = 1.96 TeV p (p) over bar collision data recorded with the CDF II detector at Fermilab. Using charged particles with low transverse momentum in t (t) over bar events, we find sigma(gg -> t (t) over bar)/sigma(p (p) over bar -> t (t) over bar) = 0.07 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.07(syst), corresponding to a 95% confidence level upper limit of 0.33, in agreement with the standard model next-to-leading-order prediction of 0.15 +/- 0.05. C1 [Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.; Zhang, X.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Blair, R. E.; Byrum, K. L.; Kuhlmann, S. E.; LeCompte, T.; Nodulman, L.; Proudfoot, J.; Wagner, R. G.; Wicklund, A. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Attal, A.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; De Lorenzo, G.; D'Onofrio, M.; Martinez, M.; Portell, X.; Salto, O.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis dAltes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Dittmann, J. 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H.; Kimura, N.; Kubo, T.; Maruyama, T.; Masubuchi, T.; Miyake, H.; Nagai, Y.; Nagano, A.; Nakamura, K.; Shimojima, M.; Suzuki, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tomura, T.; Ukegawa, F.; Uozumi, S.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Hare, M.; Napier, A.; Rolli, S.; Sliwa, K.; Sun, H.; Whitehouse, B.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Arisawa, T.; Kondo, K.; Kusakabe, Y.; Naganoma, J.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. [Harr, R. F.; Karchin, P. E.; Kulkarni, N. P.; Mattson, M. E.; Shalhout, S. Z.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Bellinger, J.; Carlsmith, D.; Chung, W. H.; Handler, R.; Herndon, M.; Pondrom, L.; Pursley, J.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Shon, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Feild, R. G.; Husemann, U.; Lin, C.; Loginov, A.; Martin, A.; Schmidt, M. P.; Stanitzki, M.; Tipton, P.; Yang, C.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Jung, J. E.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Lee, J.; Lee, Y. J.; Moon, C. S.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Yang, Y. C.; Yu, I.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Jung, J. E.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Lee, J.; Lee, Y. J.; Moon, C. S.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Yang, Y. C.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Jung, J. E.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Lee, J.; Lee, Y. J.; Moon, C. S.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Yang, Y. C.; Yu, I.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305806, South Korea. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Jung, J. E.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Lee, J.; Lee, Y. J.; Moon, C. S.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Yang, Y. C.; Yu, I.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Bartsch, V.; Bizjak, I.; Cerrito, L.; Cooper, B.; Lancaster, M.; Malik, S.; Nurse, E.; Vine, T.; Waters, D.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Azzurri, P.; Bedeschi, F.; Bellettini, G.; Carosi, R.; Catastini, P.; Chiarelli, G.; Ciocci, M. A.; Crescioli, F.; Dell'Orso, M.; Donati, S.; Ferrazza, C.; Garcia, J. E.; Giakoumopolou, V.; Giannetti, P.; Giunta, M.; Introzzi, G.; Lami, S.; Latino, G.; Menzione, A.; Morello, M.; Pagliarone, C.; Piacentino, G.; Punzi, G.; Ristori, L.; Sartori, L.; Scribano, A.; Scuri, F.; Sidoti, A.; Spinella, F.; Squillacioti, P.; Turini, N.; Vellidis, C.; Volpi, G.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Beauchemin, P. -H.; Buzatu, A.; Carron, S.; Lai, S.; MacQueen, D.; Pashapour, S.; Roy, P.; Sinervo, P.; Snihur, R.; Spreitzer, T.; Trischuk, W.; Warburton, A.; Williams, G.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Azfar, F.; Harper, S.; Hays, C.; Huffman, B. T.; Linacre, J.; Lyons, L.; Malde, S.; Pounder, N.; Rademacker, J.; Renton, P.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.; Zhang, X.] Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; Lu, R. -S.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Vazquez, F.; Wang, S. M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; OI Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Vidal Marono, Miguel/0000-0002-2590-5987; Margaroli, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3869-0153; Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; Group, Robert/0000-0002-4097-5254; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Lami, Stefano/0000-0001-9492-0147; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.111101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200001 ER PT J AU Allton, C Antonio, DJ Aoki, Y Blum, T Boyle, PA Christ, NH Clark, MA Cohen, SD Dawson, C Donnellan, MA Flynn, JM Hart, A Izubuchi, T Jung, C Juttner, A Kennedy, AD Kenway, RD Li, M Li, S Lin, MF Mawhinney, RD Maynard, CM Ohta, S Pendleton, BJ Sachrajda, CT Sasaki, S Scholz, EE Soni, A Tweedie, RJ Wennekers, J Yamazaki, T Zanotti, JM AF Allton, C. Antonio, D. J. Aoki, Y. Blum, T. Boyle, P. A. Christ, N. H. Clark, M. A. Cohen, S. D. Dawson, C. Donnellan, M. A. Flynn, J. M. Hart, A. Izubuchi, T. Jung, C. Juttner, A. Kennedy, A. D. Kenway, R. D. Li, M. Li, S. Lin, M. F. Mawhinney, R. D. Maynard, C. M. Ohta, S. Pendleton, B. J. Sachrajda, C. T. Sasaki, S. Scholz, E. E. Soni, A. Tweedie, R. J. Wennekers, J. Yamazaki, T. Zanotti, J. M. TI Physical results from 2+1 flavor domain wall QCD and SU(2) chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-LIGHT MESONS; FINITE-VOLUME; PARTICLE PHYSICS; GAUGE-THEORIES; STRANGE QUARK; QUENCHED QCD; LATTICE; FERMIONS; DECAYS; MASS AB We have simulated QCD using 2 + 1 flavors of domain wall quarks and the Iwasaki gauge action on a (2.74 fm)(3) volume with an inverse lattice scale of a(-1) = 1.729(28) GeV. The up and down (light) quarks are degenerate in our calculations and we have used four values for the ratio of light quark masses to the strange (heavy) quark mass in our simulations: 0.217, 0.350, 0.617, and 0.884. We have measured pseudoscalar meson masses and decay constants, the kaon bag parameter B-K, and vector meson couplings. We have used SU(2) chiral perturbation theory, which assumes only the up and down quark masses are small, and SU(3) chiral perturbation theory to extrapolate to the physical values for the light quark masses. While next-to-leading order formulas from both approaches fit our data for light quarks, we find the higher-order corrections for SU(3) very large, making such fits unreliable. We also find that SU(3) does not fit our data when the quark masses are near the physical strange quark mass. Thus, we rely on SU(2) chiral perturbation theory for accurate results. We use the masses of the Omega baryon, and the pi and K mesons to set the lattice scale and determine the quark masses. We then find f(pi) = 124.1(3.6)(stat) X (6.9)(syst) MeV, f(K) = 149.6(3.6)(stat)(6.3)(syst) MeV, and f(K)/f(pi) = 1.205(0.018)(stat)(0.062)(syst). Using nonperturbative renormalization to relate lattice regularized quark masses to regularization independent momentum scheme masses, and perturbation theory to relate these to (MS) over bar, we find m(ud)((MS) over bar)(2 GeV) = 3: 72(0.16)(stat)(0.33)(ren)(0.18)(syst) MeV, m(s)((MS) over bar)(2 GeV) = 107.3(4.4)(stat)(9.7)(ren)(4.9)(syst) MeV, and (m) over tilde (ud):(m) over tilde (s) = 1:28.8(0.4)(stat)(1.6)(syst). For the kaon bag parameter, we find B-K((MS) over bar) (2 GeV) = 0.524(0.010)(stat)(0.013)(ren) X (0.025)(syst). Finally, for the ratios of the couplings of the vector mesons to the vector and tensor currents (f(V) and f(V)(T), respectively) in the (MS) over bar scheme at 2 GeV we obtain f(rho)(T)/f(rho) = 0.687(27); f(K*)(T)/f(K*) = 0.712(12), and f(phi)(T)/f(phi) = 0.750(8). C1 [Allton, C.] Swansea Univ, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Antonio, D. J.; Boyle, P. A.; Hart, A.; Kennedy, A. D.; Kenway, R. D.; Pendleton, B. J.; Tweedie, R. J.; Wennekers, J.; Zanotti, J. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Aoki, Y.; Blum, T.; Dawson, C.; Izubuchi, T.; Ohta, S.; Sasaki, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Blum, T.; Yamazaki, T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Christ, N. H.; Cohen, S. D.; Li, M.; Li, S.; Lin, M. F.; Mawhinney, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Clark, M. A.] Boston Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Donnellan, M. A.; Flynn, J. M.; Juttner, A.; Sachrajda, C. T.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Izubuchi, T.] Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Izubuchi, T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Maynard, C. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, EPCC, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ohta, S.] KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Ohta, S.] Sokendai Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Phys, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan. [Sasaki, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Allton, C (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RI Zanotti, James/H-8128-2012; OI Zanotti, James/0000-0002-3936-1597; Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320; Flynn, Jonathan/0000-0002-6280-1677; Allton, Christopher/0000-0003-0795-124X; Pendleton, Brian/0000-0003-4419-8621 NR 101 TC 164 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114509 PG 60 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200060 ER PT J AU Aoki, S Bar, O Biedermann, B AF Aoki, Sinya Baer, Oliver Biedermann, Benedikt TI Pion scattering in Wilson chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM-LIMIT; LATTICE THEORIES; PHASE-STRUCTURE; QCD; FERMIONS; MASS; STATES AB We compute the scattering amplitude for pion scattering in Wilson chiral perturbation theory for two degenerate quark flavors. We consider two different regimes where the quark mass m is of order (i) a Lambda(2)(QCD) and (ii) a(2)Lambda(3)(QCD). Analytic expressions for the scattering lengths in all three isospin channels are given. As a result of the O(a(2)) terms the I = 0 and I = 2 scattering lengths do not vanish in the chiral limit. Moreover, additional chiral logarithms proportional to a(2) lnM(pi)(2) are present in the one-loop results for regime (ii). These contributions significantly modify the familiar results from continuum chiral perturbation theory. C1 [Aoki, Sinya] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Aoki, Sinya] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Baer, Oliver; Biedermann, Benedikt] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Aoki, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. OI Baer, Oliver/0000-0002-7480-6467 FU Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [20340047]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB/TR 09]; Cusanuswerk FX This work is supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (No. 20340047) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TR 09). B. B. acknowledges financial support from the Cusanuswerk. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114501 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200052 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prencipe, E Prudent, X Tisserand, V Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Yasin, Z Zhang, L Sharma, V Campagnari, C Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Mazur, MA Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wang, L Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Cheng, CH Doll, DA Echenard, B Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Ford, WT Gaz, A Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Ayad, R Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Karbach, M Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Kobel, MJ Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Playfer, S Watson, JE Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Santoro, V Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Klose, V Lacker, HM Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J D'Orazio, A Davier, M Fermino da Costa, J Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Burke, JP Chavez, CA Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Sacco, R Sigamani, M Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Paramesvaran, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Alwyn, KE Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, 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CA BABAR-Collaboration TI Measurements of B((B)over-bar(0) -> Lambda(+)(c)(p)over-bar and B(B- -> Lambda(+)(c)(p)over-bar pi(-)) and studies of Lambda(+)(c)pi(-) resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BARYONIC B-DECAYS; EXCLUSIVE DECAYS; ANTIBARYON PAIRS; MESON DECAYS; DETECTOR; JETS AB We present an investigation of the decays B-0 -> Lambda(+)(c)(p) over bar and B- -> Lambda(+)(c)(p) over bar pi(-) based on 383 X 10(6)Y(4S) -> B (B) over bar decays recorded with the BABAR detector. We measure the branching fractions of these decays; their ratio is B(B- -> Lambda(+)(c)(p) over bar pi(-))/B((B) over bar (0) -> Lambda(+)(c)(p) over bar) = 15.4 +/- 1.8 +/- 0.3. The B- -> Lambda(+)(c)(p) over bar pi(-) process exhibits an enhancement at the Lambda(+)(c)(p) over bar threshold and is a laboratory for searches for excited charm baryon states. We observe the resonant decays B- -> Sigma(c)(2455)(0)(p) over bar and B- -> Sigma(c)(2800)(0)(p) over bar but see no evidence for B- -> Sigma(c)(2520)(0)(p) over bar. This is the first observation of the decay B- -> Sigma(c)(2800)(0)(p) over bar; however, the mass of the observed excited Sigma(0)(c) state is (2846 +/- 8 +/- 10) MeV/c(2), which is somewhat inconsistent with previous measurements. Finally, we examine the angular distribution of the B- -> Sigma(c)(2455)(0)(p) over bar decays and measure the spin of the Sigma(c)(2455)(0) baryon to be 1/2, as predicted by the quark model. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] IN2P3 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Garra Tico, J.; Grauges, E.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. 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RI Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014 OI Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300 FU U. S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France); Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands); Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain); Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom); Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); A. P. Sloan Foundation FX We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our PEP-II colleagues in achieving the excellent luminosity and machine conditions that have made this work possible. The success of this project also relies critically on the expertise and dedication of the computing organizations that support BABAR. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and the kind hospitality extended to them. This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A. P. Sloan Foundation. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 112003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.112003 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200009 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prencipe, E Prudent, X Tisserand, V Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Yasin, Z Zhang, L Sharma, V Campagnari, C Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Mazur, MA Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wang, L Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Cheng, CH Doll, DA Echenard, B Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Bloom, PC Ford, WT Gaz, A Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Ayad, R Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Karbach, M Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Kobel, MJ Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Playfer, S Watson, JE Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Santoro, V Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M 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CA BABAR Collaboration TI Study of hadronic transitions between Y states and observation of Y(4S) -> eta Y(1S) decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HARD-PHOTON-EMISSION AB We present a study of hadronic transitions between Y(mS) (m = 4, 3, 2) and Y(nS) (n = 2, 1) resonances based on 347.5 fb(-1) of data taken with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage rings. We report the first observation of Y(4S) -> eta Y(1S) decay with a branching fraction B(Y(4S) -> eta Y(1S) = (1.96 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.09(syst)) X 10(-4) and measure the ratio of partial widths Gamma(Y(4S) -> eta Y(1S))/Gamma(Y(4S) -> pi(+)pi(-)Y(1S)) = 2.41 +/- 0.40(stat) +/- 0.12(syst). We set 90% CL upper limits on the ratios Gamma(Y(2S) -> eta Y(1S))/Gamma(Y(2S) -> pi(+)pi(-)Y(1S) < 5.2 X 10(-3) and Gamma(Y(3S) -> eta Y(1S)/Gamma(Y(3S) -> pi(+)pi(-)Y(1S)) < 1.9 X 10(-2). We also present new measurements of the ratios Gamma(Y(4S) -> pi(+)pi(-)Y(2S)/Gamma(Y(4S) -> pi(+)pi(-)Y(1S)) = 1.16 +/- 0.16(stat) +/- 0.14(syst) and Gamma(Y(3S) -> pi(+)pi(-)Y(1S)) = 0.577 +/- 0.026(stat) +/- 0.060(syst). C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] IN2P3 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Tico, J. Garra; Grauges, E.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Sun, L.] Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Abrams, G. S.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D. N.; Cahn, R. N.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Kukartsev, G.; Lynch, G.; Osipenkov, I. L.; Ronan, M. T.; Tackmann, K.; Tanabe, T.; Soni, N.; Watson, A. 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A.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Wulsin, H. W.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Miyashita, T. S.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Ernst, J. A.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Spanier, S. M.; Wogsland, B. J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Drummond, B. W.; Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Choi, H. H. F.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Lewczuk, M. J.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Abrams, G. S.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D. N.; Cahn, R. N.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Kukartsev, G.; Lynch, G.; Osipenkov, I. L.; Ronan, M. T.; Tackmann, K.; Tanabe, T.; Soni, N.; Watson, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hawkes, C. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Walker, D.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Bard, D. J.; Dauncey, P. D.; Nash, J. A.; Vazquez, W. Panduro; Tibbetts, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Arnaud, N.; Bequilleux, J.; D'Orazio, A.; Davier, M.; da Costa, J. Firmino; Grosdidier, G.; Hoecker, A.; Lepeltier, V.; Le Diberder, F.; Lutz, A. M.; Pruvot, S.; Roudeau, P.; Schune, M. H.; Serrano, J.; Sordini, V.; Stocchi, A.; Wormser, G.] Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Bevan, A. J.; Clarke, C. K.; George, K. A.; Di Lodovico, F.; Sacco, R.; Sigamani, M.] Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. [Sacco, R.; Sigamani, M.; Alwyn, K. E.; Bailey, D. S.; Barlow, R. J.; Chia, Y. M.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Adye, T.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Roethel, W.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Carpinelli, M.] Univ Sassari, Sassari, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), IN2P3 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 112002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.112002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200008 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prencipe, E Prudent, X Tisserand, V Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Lynch, G Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Yasin, Z Zhang, L Sharma, V Campagnari, C Hong, TM 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Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Ernst, J. A. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Zain, S. B. Spanier, S. M. Wogsland, B. J. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Drummond, B. W. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Bianchi, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Choi, H. H. F. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Lewczuk, M. J. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Gershon, T. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Vuosalo, C. O. Wu, S. L. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurements of branching fractions for B+ -> rho(+)gamma, B-0 -> rho(0)gamma, and B-0 -> omega gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; RADIATIVE DECAYS; RATIOS AB We present branching fraction measurements for the radiative decays B+-> rho(+)gamma, B-0 -> rho(0)gamma, and B-0 -> omega gamma. The analysis is based on a data sample of 465 X 10(6) B (B) over bar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory located at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We find B(B+ -> rho(+)gamma) = (1.20(-0.37)(+0.42) +/- 0.20) X 10(-6), B(B-0 -> rho(0)gamma) = (0.97(-0.22)(+0.24) +/- 0.06) X 10(-6), and a 90% C.L. upper limit B(B-0 -> omega gamma) < 0.9 X 10(-6), where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We also measure the isospin-violating quantity Gamma(B+ -> rho(+)gamma)/2 Gamma(B-0 -> rho(0)gamma) - 1 = -0.43 (+0.25)(-0.22) +/- 0.10. 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T.; Tackmann, K.; Tanabe, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hawkes, C. M.; Soni, N.; Watson, A. T.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Walker, D.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 3TL, Avon, England. [Bard, D. J.; Dauncey, P. D.; Nash, J. A.; Vazquez, W. Panduro; Tibbetts, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bevan, A. J.; Clarke, C. K.; George, K. A.; Di Lodovico, F.; Sacco, R.; Sigamani, M.] Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. [Alwyn, K. E.; Bailey, D.; Barlow, R. J.; Chia, Y. M.; Edgar, C. L.; Jackson, G.; Lafferty, G. D.; West, T. J.; Yi, J. I.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Adye, T.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Arnaud, N.; Bequilleux, J.; D'Orazio, A.; Davier, M.; da Costa, J. Firmino; Grosdidier, G.; Hoecker, A.; Lepeltier, V.; Le Diberder, F.; Lutz, A. M.; Pruvot, S.; Roudeau, P.; Schune, M. H.; Serrano, J.; Sordini, V.; Stocchi, A.; Wormser, G.] Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 112001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.112001 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200007 ER PT J AU Avakian, H Efremov, AV Schweitzer, P Yuan, F AF Avakian, H. Efremov, A. V. Schweitzer, P. Yuan, F. TI Transverse momentum dependent distribution function h(1T)(perpendicular to) and the single spin asymmetry A(UT)(sin(3 phi-3S)) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; PARTON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; POLARIZED DEUTERIUM TARGET; AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES; SEMIINCLUSIVE DIS; BAG MODEL; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; PION ELECTROPRODUCTION AB The leading twist transverse momentum dependent parton distribution function h(1T)(perpendicular to) is studied. We review the theoretical properties of this function, and compute it in the bag model. We find in the bag model an interesting relation, and observe it to hold also in other relativistic models: The difference between helicity and transversity distributions, often said to be a 'measure of relativistic effects' in the nucleon, is related to h(1T)(perpendicular to). This function is chirally odd and can be accessed in combination with the Collins effect in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, where it gives rise to an azimuthal single spin asymmetry proportional to sin(3 phi - phi(S)). We discuss preliminary COMPASS data on that observable and make predictions for future experiments on various targets at JLab, COMPASS, and HERMES. C1 [Avakian, H.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Efremov, A. V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Schweitzer, P.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Schweitzer, P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yuan, F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuan, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Avakian, H (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 FU BMBF (Verbundforschung); German-Russian collaboration (DFG-RFFI) [436 RUS 113/881/0]; European Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadron Physics project [RII3-CT-2004-506078]; RFBR [06-02-16215, 07-02-91557]; DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Science Associates; LLC; RIKEN; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank S. Meissner for discussions. The work is partially supported by BMBF (Verbundforschung), German-Russian collaboration (DFG-RFFI) under Contract No. 436 RUS 113/881/0 and is part of the European Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadron Physics project under Contract No. RII3-CT-2004-506078. A. E. is also supported by RFBR Grant Nos. 06-02-16215 and 07-02-91557, RF MSE RNP.2.2.2.2.6546 (MIREA), and by the Heisenberg-Landau Program of JINR. The work was supported in part by DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates the Jefferson Lab. F. Y. is grateful to RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886) for providing the facilities essential for the completion of this work. NR 127 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114024 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114024 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200042 ER PT J AU Bazavov, A Petreczky, P Velytsky, A AF Bazavov, Alexei Petreczky, Peter Velytsky, Alexander TI Static quark-antiquark pair in SU(2) gauge theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; HADRONIC SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; GLUON PLASMA; PERTURBATION-THEORY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POLYAKOV LOOP; FREE-ENERGY; POTENTIALS; MASS AB We study singlet and triplet correlation functions of a static quark-antiquark pair defined through gauge invariant timelike Wilson loops and Polyakov loop correlators in finite temperature SU(2) gauge theory. We use the Luscher-Weisz multilevel algorithm, which allows us to calculate these correlators at very low temperatures. We observe that the naive separation of singlet and triplet states, in general, does not hold nonperturbatively; however, it is recovered in the limit of small separation, and the temperature dependence of the corresponding correlators is indeed very different. C1 [Bazavov, Alexei] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Petreczky, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Petreczky, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Velytsky, Alexander] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Velytsky, Alexander] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Velytsky, Alexander] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bazavov, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM bazavov@physics.arizona.edu; petreczk@bnl.gov; vel@uchicago.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE [DE-FC02-06ER-41439]; NSF [0555397]; Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The work of A. B. was supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FC02-06ER-41439 and NSF Grant No. 0555397. A. V.'s work was supported by the Joint Theory Institute funded together by Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago, and in part by the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank N. Brambilla, F. Karsch D. Teaney, and A. Vairo for useful discussions. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114026 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114026 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200044 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Nadolsky, PM AF Berger, Edmond L. Nadolsky, Pavel M. TI Longitudinal parity-violating asymmetry in hadronic decays of weak bosons in polarized proton collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SPIN ASYMMETRIES; W+/; COLLIDERS; PHYSICS; ORDER; QCD AB We investigate the possible measurement of parity-violating spin asymmetries in jet pair production in proton-proton collisions at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), with the goal to constrain longitudinally polarized quark and antiquark distribution functions. A measurable asymmetry could be observed in the vicinity of the massive weak W boson resonance, where the parity-violating signal appears above the parity-conserving background and is enhanced by interference of the strong and electroweak production amplitudes. We discuss the potential for such measurements, perhaps the first opportunity to measure a parity-violating asymmetry in proton-proton collisions at RHIC. Sensitivity of this measurement to the polarization of down-type antiquarks is demonstrated. C1 [Berger, Edmond L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nadolsky, Pavel M.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE- FG02-04ER41299]; Lightner-Sams Foundation; National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164] FX The motivation for this work and preliminary estimates were discussed by P. M. N. at RHIC Spin Workshops at Brookhaven National Laboratory in October, 2005 and April, 2007. We are grateful to the organizers of these workshops for the stimulating environment. P. M. N. is particularly grateful to S. Arnold, A. Metz, and W. Vogelsang for enlightening discussions of the presented topics. E. L. B. is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. P. M. N. is partly supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE- FG02-04ER41299, and by Lightner-Sams Foundation. The authors thank the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP), Santa Barbara, for hospitality during the course of some of this work. The KITP is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY05-51164. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114010 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200028 ER PT J AU Blennow, M Mirizzi, A Serpico, PD AF Blennow, Mattias Mirizzi, Alessandro Serpico, Pasquale D. TI Nonstandard neutrino-neutrino refractive effects in dense neutrino gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MASSLESS NEUTRINOS; OSCILLATIONS; SUPERNOVA AB We investigate the effects of nonstandard four-fermion neutrino-neutrino interactions on the flavor evolution of dense neutrino gases. We find that in the regions where the neutrino-neutrino refractive index leads to collective flavor oscillations, the presence of new neutrino interactions can produce flavor equilibration in both normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. In realistic supernova environments, these effects are significant if the nonstandard neutrino-neutrino interaction strength is comparable to the one expected in the standard case, dominating the ordinary matter potential. However, very small nonstandard neutrino-neutrino couplings are enough to trigger the usual collective neutrino flavor transformations in the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy, even if the mixing angle vanishes exactly. C1 [Blennow, Mattias; Mirizzi, Alessandro] Werner Heisenberg Inst Phys, Max Planck Inst Phys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Serpico, Pasquale D.] CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Serpico, Pasquale D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Blennow, M (reprint author), Werner Heisenberg Inst Phys, Max Planck Inst Phys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. EM blennow@mppmu.mpg.de; amirizzi@mppmu.mpg.de; serpico@cern.ch FU Swedish Research Council [6232007-8066]; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare FX We would like to thank Georg Raffelt for reading the manuscript and giving useful suggestions and Walter Winter for comments. A. M. also wishes to thank Basudeb Dasgupta for interesting discussions on this topic. This work was supported in part by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsra det) through Contract No. 6232007-8066 [M. B.] and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN, Italy) [A. M.]. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 113004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.113004 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200014 ER PT J AU Caceres, G Hooper, D AF Caceres, Gabriel Hooper, Dan TI Neutralino dark matter as the source of the WMAP haze SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; HALOS AB Previously, it has been argued that the anomalous emission from the region around the Galactic Center observed by WMAP, known as the "WMAP Haze," may be the synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons and positrons produced in dark matter annihilations. In particular, the angular distribution, spectrum, and intensity of the observed emission are consistent with the signal expected to result from a weakly interactive massive particle with an electroweak-scale mass and an annihilation cross section near the value predicted for a thermal relic. In this article, we revisit this signal within the context of supersymmetry and evaluate the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that, over much of the supersymmetric parameter space, the lightest neutralino is predicted to possess the properties required to generate the WMAP Haze. In particular, the focus point, A-funnel, and bulk regions (in which the neutralino annihilation cross section is of the order of 3x10(-26) cm(3)/s) typically predict a neutralino with a mass, annihilation cross section, and dominant annihilation modes which are within the range required to produce the observed features of the WMAP Haze. The stau-coannihilation region (in which the annihilation is suppressed), in contrast, is disfavored as an explanation for the origin of this signal. C1 [Caceres, Gabriel; Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Caceres, Gabriel] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hooper, Dan] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Caceres, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy; NASA [NAG5-10842]; Fermilab Summer Internships in Science and Technology Program FX We would like to thank Greg Dobler and Doug Finkbeiner for very helpful discussions. This work has been supported by the U. S. Department of Energy and by NASA Grant No. NAG5-10842. G. C. has been supported by the Fermilab Summer Internships in Science and Technology Program. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 123512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.123512 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391RT UT WOS:000262251100026 ER PT J AU Chen, H Yuan, W Chang, L Liu, YX Klahn, T Roberts, CD AF Chen, Huan Yuan, Wei Chang, Lei Liu, Yu-Xin Klahn, Thomas Roberts, Craig D. TI Chemical potential and the gap equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DYSON-SCHWINGER-EQUATIONS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; EUCLIDEAN GREENS FUNCTIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CONFINING MODEL; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; QUARK PROPAGATOR; GLUON PROPAGATOR; DECAY CONSTANT; NUCLEON RADIUS AB In general, the kernel of QCD's gap equation possesses a domain of analyticity upon which the equation's solution at nonzero chemical potential is simply obtained from the in-vacuum result through analytic continuation. On this domain the single-quark number- and scalar-density distribution functions are mu independent. This is illustrated via two models for the gap equation's kernel. The models are alike in concentrating support in the infrared. They differ in the form of the vertex, but qualitatively the results are largely insensitive to the Ansatz. In vacuum both models realize chiral symmetry in the Nambu-Goldstone mode, and in the chiral limit, with increasing chemical potential, they exhibit a first-order chiral symmetry restoring transition at mu approximate to M(0), where M(p(2)) is the dressed-quark mass function. C1 [Chen, Huan; Yuan, Wei; Chang, Lei; Liu, Yu-Xin] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chen, Huan; Yuan, Wei; Chang, Lei; Liu, Yu-Xin] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yu-Xin] Natl Lab Heavy Ion Accelerator, Ctr Theoret Nucl Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Klahn, Thomas; Roberts, Craig D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM liuyx@phy.pku.edu.cn; cdroberts@anl.gov OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 FU Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10425521, 10575005, 10675007, 10705002]; Major State Basic Research Development Program [G2007CB815000]; Key Grant Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education [305001]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20040001010] FX We are grateful for thoughtful comments from I. C. Cloet, G. Eichmann, B. El-Bennich, P. Jaikumar, A. Krassnigg, and R. D. Young. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contract No. 10425521, No. 10575005, No. 10675007, and No. 10705002; the Major State Basic Research Development Program under Contract No. G2007CB815000; the Key Grant Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education under Contact No. 305001; and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No. 20040001010. NR 73 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 116015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.116015 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200093 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Dawson, JF Mihaila, B AF Cooper, Fred Dawson, John F. Mihaila, Bogdan TI Casimir dependence of transverse distribution of pairs produced from a strong constant chromoelectric background field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; STRONG ELECTRIC-FIELD; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; FLUX-TUBE MODEL; PREEQUILIBRIUM EVOLUTION; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; VACUUM BEHAVIOR; NUCLEUS AB The transverse distribution of gluon and quark-antiquark pairs produced from a strong constant chromoelectric field depends on two gauge invariant quantities, C-1=(EEa)-E-a and C-2=[d(abc)E(a)E(b)E(c)](2), as shown earlier in [G. C. Nayak and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, Phys. Rev. D 71, 125001 (2005)] for gluons and in [G. C. Nayak, Phys. Rev. D 72, 125010 (2005)] for quarks. Here, we discuss the explicit dependence of the distribution on the second Casimir invariant C-2 and show the dependence is at most a 15% effect. C1 [Cooper, Fred] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Cooper, Fred] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Cooper, Fred] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dawson, John F.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mihaila, Bogdan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooper, F (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM cooper@santafe.edu; john.dawson@unh.edu; bmihaila@lanl.gov RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 117901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.117901 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200104 ER PT J AU Dimopoulos, S Graham, PW Hogan, JM Kasevich, MA Rajendran, S AF Dimopoulos, Savas Graham, Peter W. Hogan, Jason M. Kasevich, Mark A. Rajendran, Surjeet TI Atomic gravitational wave interferometric sensor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MATTER-WAVE; RADIATION; NOISE; COMPACT; MOTION; STATE AB We propose two distinct atom interferometer gravitational wave detectors, one terrestrial and another satellite based, utilizing the core technology of the Stanford 10 m atom interferometer presently under construction. Each configuration compares two widely separated atom interferometers run using common lasers. The signal scales with the distance between the interferometers, which can be large since only the light travels over this distance, not the atoms. The terrestrial experiment with two similar to 10 m atom similar to 10(-19)/root Hz in the 1 Hz-10 Hz band, inaccessible to LIGO, and can detect gravitational waves from solar mass binaries out to megaparsec distances. The satellite experiment with two atom interferometers separated by a similar to 1000 km baseline can probe the same frequency spectrum as LISA with comparable strain sensitivity similar to 10(-20)/root Hz . The use of ballistic atoms (instead of mirrors) as inertial test masses improves systematics coming from vibrations and acceleration noise, and significantly reduces spacecraft control requirements. We analyze the backgrounds in this configuration and discuss methods for controlling them to the required levels. C1 [Dimopoulos, Savas; Hogan, Jason M.; Rajendran, Surjeet] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Graham, Peter W.; Rajendran, Surjeet] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dimopoulos, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM savas@stanford.edu; pwgraham@stanford.edu; hogan@stanford.edu; kasevich@stanford.edu; surjeet@stanford.edu OI Hogan, Jason/0000-0003-1218-2692; Graham, Peter/0000-0002-1600-1601 NR 81 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 122002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.122002 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391RT UT WOS:000262251100003 ER PT J AU Grigoryan, HR Radyushkin, AV AF Grigoryan, H. R. Radyushkin, A. V. TI Pion in the holographic model with 5D Yang-Mills fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; TRANSITION FORM-FACTOR; ENERGY HADRON PHYSICS; VECTOR-MESONS; PI-0; QCD AB We study the pion in the holographic model of Hirn and Sanz which contains two Yang-Mills fields defined in the background of the sliced AdS space. The infrared boundary conditions imposed on these fields generate the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry down to its vector subgroup. Within the framework of this model, we get an analytic expression for the pion form factor and a compact result for its radius. We also extend the holographic model to include the Chern-Simons term which is required to reproduce the appropriate axial anomaly of QCD. As a result, we calculate the anomalous form factor of the pion and predict its Q(2) slope for the kinematics when one of the photons is almost on shell. We also observe that the anomalous form factor with one real and one virtual photon is given by the same analytic expression as the electromagnetic form factor of a charged pion. One of the advantages of the present model is that it does not require an infrared boundary counterterm to correctly reproduce the anomaly of QCD. C1 [Grigoryan, H. R.; Radyushkin, A. V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Radyushkin, A. V.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Radyushkin, A. V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. RP Grigoryan, HR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU Jefferson Laboratory; Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U. S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX H. R. G. would like to thank J. Erlich, C. Carone, T. S. Lee and C. D. Roberts for valuable comments, and A. W. Thomas for support at Jefferson Laboratory. We thank the organizers of the program "From Strings to Things: String Theory Methods in QCD and Hadron Physics'' at the Institute for Nuclear Theory at the University of Washington for support during this program, the participation in which stimulated the completion of this work. This paper is authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U. S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.115008 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200068 ER PT J AU Hiraide, K Alcaraz-Aunion, JL Brice, SJ Bugel, L Catala-Perez, J Cheng, G Conrad, JM Djurcic, Z Dore, U Finley, DA Franke, AJ Giganti, C Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Guzowski, P Hanson, A Hayato, Y Jover-Manas, G Karagiorgi, G Katori, T Kobayashi, YK Kobilarcik, T Kubo, H Kurimoto, Y Louis, WC Loverre, PF Ludovici, L Mahn, KBM Mariani, C Masuike, S Matsuoka, K Metcalf, W Mills, G Mitsuka, G Miyachi, Y Mizugashira, S Moore, CD Nakajima, Y Nakaya, T Napora, R Nienaber, P Nguyen, V Orme, D Otani, M Russell, AD Sanchez, F Shaevitz, MH Shibata, TA Sorel, M Stefanski, RJ Takei, H Tanaka, HK Tanaka, M Tayloe, R Taylor, IJ Tesarek, RJ Uchida, Y Van de Water, R Walding, JJ Wascko, MO White, H Wilking, MJ Yokoyama, M Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Hiraide, K. Alcaraz-Aunion, J. L. Brice, S. J. Bugel, L. Catala-Perez, J. Cheng, G. Conrad, J. M. Djurcic, Z. Dore, U. Finley, D. A. Franke, A. J. Giganti, C. Gomez-Cadenas, J. J. Guzowski, P. Hanson, A. Hayato, Y. Jover-Manas, G. Karagiorgi, G. Katori, T. Kobayashi, Y. K. Kobilarcik, T. Kubo, H. Kurimoto, Y. Louis, W. C. Loverre, P. F. Ludovici, L. Mahn, K. B. M. Mariani, C. Masuike, S. Matsuoka, K. Metcalf, W. Mills, G. Mitsuka, G. Miyachi, Y. Mizugashira, S. Moore, C. D. Nakajima, Y. Nakaya, T. Napora, R. Nienaber, P. Nguyen, V. Orme, D. Otani, M. Russell, A. D. Sanchez, F. Shaevitz, M. H. Shibata, T. -A. Sorel, M. Stefanski, R. J. Takei, H. Tanaka, H. -K. Tanaka, M. Tayloe, R. Taylor, I. J. Tesarek, R. J. Uchida, Y. Van de Water, R. Walding, J. J. Wascko, M. O. White, H. Wilking, M. J. Yokoyama, M. Zeller, G. P. Zimmerman, E. D. CA SciBooNE-Collaboration TI Search for charged current coherent pion production on carbon in a few-GeV neutrino beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID K2K SCIBAR DETECTOR; NUCLEON INTERACTIONS; LEPTON POLARIZATION; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; PCAC AB The SciBooNE Collaboration has performed a search for charged current coherent pion production from muon neutrinos scattering on carbon, nu C-12(mu) -> mu C-12 pi+(,) with two distinct data samples. No evidence for coherent pion production is observed. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the cross section ratio of charged current coherent pion production to the total charged current cross section at 0.67 X 10(-2) at mean neutrino energy 1.1 GeV and 1.36 X 10(-2) at mean neutrino energy 2.2 GeV. C1 [Hiraide, K.; Kubo, H.; Kurimoto, Y.; Matsuoka, K.; Nakajima, Y.; Orme, D.; Otani, M.; Yokoyama, M.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Wilking, M. J.; Zimmerman, E. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cheng, G.; Djurcic, Z.; Franke, A. J.; Mahn, K. B. M.; Shaevitz, M. H.; Tanaka, H. -K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Tanaka, M.] High Energy Accelerator Res Organizat KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Hanson, A.; Katori, T.; Tayloe, R.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Mitsuka, G.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Res Ctr Cosm Neutrinos, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Metcalf, W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bugel, L.; Conrad, J. M.; Karagiorgi, G.; Nguyen, V.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Napora, R.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Dore, U.; Giganti, C.; Loverre, P. F.; Ludovici, L.; Mariani, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartmento Fis, I-1000185 Rome, Italy. [Nienaber, P.] St Marys Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Kobayashi, Y. K.; Masuike, S.; Miyachi, Y.; Mizugashira, S.; Shibata, T. -A.; Takei, H.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Catala-Perez, J.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Sorel, M.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Catala-Perez, J.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Sorel, M.] CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Dore, U.; Giganti, C.; Loverre, P. F.; Mariani, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-1000185 Rome, Italy. [Louis, W. C.; Mills, G.; Van de Water, R.; Zeller, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hayato, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kamioka Observ, Gifu 5061205, Japan. [Brice, S. J.; Finley, D. A.; Kobilarcik, T.; Moore, C. D.; Russell, A. D.; Tesarek, R. J.; White, H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60150 USA. [Guzowski, P.; Taylor, I. J.; Uchida, Y.; Walding, J. J.; Wascko, M. O.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Alcaraz-Aunion, J. L.; Jover-Manas, G.; Sanchez, F.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis dAltes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Hiraide, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RI Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Ludovici, Lucio/F-5917-2011; Sanchez, Federico/F-5809-2012; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/L-2003-2014; Mariani, Camillo/J-6070-2015; Hiraide, Katsuki/A-4479-2011; OI Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Ludovici, Lucio/0000-0003-1970-9960; Sanchez, Federico/0000-0003-0320-3623; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/0000-0002-8224-7714; Mariani, Camillo/0000-0003-3284-4681; Wascko, Morgan/0000-0002-8348-4447; Louis, William/0000-0002-7579-3709; Sorel, Michel/0000-0003-2141-9508; Van de Water, Richard/0000-0002-1573-327X; Katori, Teppei/0000-0002-9429-9482 NR 59 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 112004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.112004 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200010 ER PT J AU Jackson, MG AF Jackson, Mark G. TI Spin-statistics violations in superstring theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANTISYMMETRIC TENSOR FIELD; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; STRINGS; COMPACTIFICATIONS; PRINCIPLE; BRANE; SPACE AB I describe how superstring theory may violate spin statistics in an experimentally observable manner. Reviewing the basics of superstring interactions and how to utilize these to produce a statistical phase, I then apply these ideas to two specific examples. The first is the case of heterotic world sheet linkings, whereby one small closed string momentarily enlarges sufficiently to pass over another, producing such a statistical phase. The second is the braneworld model with noncommutative geometry, whereby matter composed of open strings may couple to a background in which spacetime coordinates do not commute, modifying the field (anti)commutator algebra. I conclude with ways to sharpen and experimentally test these exciting avenues to possibly verify superstring theory. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Jackson, Mark G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jackson, MG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM markj@fnal.gov FU DOE FX I would like to thank J. Gomis, S. Hartnoll, J. Harvey, S. Hellerman, C. Hogan, A. Kostelecky, J. Lykken, C. Petrascu, and D. Tong for useful discussions and collaborations. This work was supported by the DOE at Fermilab. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 126009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.126009 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391RT UT WOS:000262251100113 ER PT J AU Jaikumar, P Rupak, G Steiner, AW AF Jaikumar, Prashanth Rupak, Gautam Steiner, Andrew W. TI Viscous damping of r-mode oscillations in compact stars with quark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ROTATING RELATIVISTIC STARS; ISOLATED RADIO PULSARS; YOUNG NEUTRON-STARS; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; BULK VISCOSITY; HYBRID STARS; INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT; EMISSION; BREAKING AB We determine characteristic time scales for the viscous damping of r-mode oscillations in rapidly rotating compact stars that contain quark matter. We present results for the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase of dense quark matter, in which the up, down, and strange quarks are gapped, as well as the normal (ungapped) quark phase. While the ungapped quark phase supports a temperature window 10(8) K <= T <= 5x10(9) K where the r mode is damped even for rapid rotation, the r mode in a rapidly rotating pure CFL star is not damped in the temperature range 10(10) K <= T <= 10(11) K. Rotating hybrid stars with quark matter cores display an instability window whose width is determined by the amount of quark matter present, and they can have large spin frequencies outside this window. Except at high temperatures T >= 10(10) K, the presence of a quark phase allows for larger critical frequencies and smaller spin periods compared to rotating neutron stars. If low-mass x-ray binaries contain a large amount of ungapped or CFL quark matter, then our estimates of the r-mode instability suggest that there should be a population of rapidly rotating binaries at nu greater than or similar to 1000 Hz which have not yet been observed. C1 [Jaikumar, Prashanth] Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. [Jaikumar, Prashanth] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rupak, Gautam] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rupak, Gautam] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Steiner, Andrew W.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Steiner, Andrew W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Jaikumar, P (reprint author), Inst Math Sci, CIT Campus, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. EM jaikumar@imsc.res.in; grupak@u.washington.edu; steinera@pa.msu.edu OI Steiner, Andrew/0000-0003-2478-4017 FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Ohio University Office of Research; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER41260]; NSF-PFC [PHY 02-16783]; NASA [NNX08AG76G] FX The authors thank Mark Alford, Edward Brown, Cristina Manuel, Thomas Schafer, and Andreas Schmitt for useful discussions related to this work. P. J. acknowledges support from the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India, the Argonne National Laboratory as a visiting scientist under U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and the Ohio University Office of Research. G. R. is supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER41260. A. W. S. is supported by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics at MSU under NSF-PFC Grant No. PHY 02-16783 and by NASA under Grant No. NNX08AG76G. NR 83 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 123007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.123007 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391RT UT WOS:000262251100011 ER PT J AU Kahn, Y Schmitt, M Tait, TMP AF Kahn, Yonatan Schmitt, Michael Tait, Tim M. P. TI Enhanced rare pion decays from a model of MeV dark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATION LINE EMISSION; GALACTIC-CENTER; BRANCHING RATIO; RADIATION AB A model has been proposed in which neutral scalar particles chi, of mass 1-10 MeV, annihilate through the exchange of a light vector boson U, of mass 10-100 MeV, to produce the 511 keV line observed emanating from the center of the Galaxy. The chi interacts weakly with normal matter and is a viable dark matter candidate. If the U boson couples to quarks as well as to electrons, it could enhance the branching ratio for the rare decay pi(0) -> e(+)e(-). A recent measurement by the KTeV Collaboration lies 3 standard deviations above a prediction by Dorokhov and Ivanov, and we relate this excess to the couplings of the U boson. The values are consistent with other constraints and considerations. We make some comments on possible improvements in the data. C1 [Kahn, Yonatan; Schmitt, Michael; Tait, Tim M. P.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Tait, Tim M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kahn, Y (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-91ER40684] FX We thank C. Boehm for stimulating discussions and M. Velasco for interesting discussions of measurements of light meson decays. Research at Argonne National Laboratory is supported in part by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and the work by Y. K. and M. S. is supported by Contract No. DE-FG02-91ER40684. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.115002 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200062 ER PT J AU Kang, ZB Qiu, JW Vogelsang, W Yuan, F AF Kang, Zhong-Bo Qiu, Jian-Wei Vogelsang, Werner Yuan, Feng TI Accessing trigluon correlations in the nucleon via the single spin asymmetry in open charm production SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; POLARIZED PROTON-BEAM; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HARD-SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER; CROSS-SECTIONS; DRELL-YAN; QCD; LEPTOPRODUCTION; FACTORIZATION AB We calculate the single transverse-spin asymmetry for open charm production in pp collisions within the QCD collinear factorization approach. We include contributions from both twist-three quark-gluon and trigluon correlation functions. We find that the quark-gluon correlation functions alone generate only a very small asymmetry for open charm production in the kinematic region of current interest at RHIC, so that the observation of any significant single-spin asymmetry would be a clear indication of the presence of trigluon correlations inside a polarized proton. We furthermore demonstrate that the trigluon contribution could be very different for the production of D and (D) over bar mesons. These features make the single-spin asymmetry in open charm production in polarized pp collisions at RHIC an excellent probe of trigluon correlation functions. C1 [Kang, Zhong-Bo; Qiu, Jian-Wei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vogelsang, Werner] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuan, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yuan, Feng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kang, ZB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kangzb@iastate.edu; jwq@iastate.edu; vogelsan@quark.phy.bnl.gov; fyuan@lbl.gov RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013; Kang, Zhongbo/P-3645-2014 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-87ER40371, DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Science FX We thank G. Kramer for providing us with their Fortran code for the D meson fragmentation functions. Z. K. and J. Q. are supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-87ER40371. J. Q. thanks the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science for its hospitality during the completion of this work. W. V. and F. Y. are grateful to the U. S. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886) for providing the facilities essential for the completion of this work. F. Y. is also supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 73 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114013 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200031 ER PT J AU Ligeti, Z Stewart, IW Tackmann, FJ AF Ligeti, Zoltan Stewart, Iain W. Tackmann, Frank J. TI Treating the b quark distribution function with reliable uncertainties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORIES; UB-VERTICAL-BAR; PHOTON ENERGY; SUM-RULES; INVISIBLE RENORMALON; LEADING LOGARITHMS; NNLO CALCULATION; 2-LOOP RESULT; MESON DECAYS; RENORMALIZATION AB The parton distribution function for a b quark in the B meson (called the shape function) plays an important role in the analysis of the B -> X-s gamma and B -> X(u)l(v) over bar data, and gives one of the dominant uncertainties in the determination of vertical bar V-ub vertical bar. We introduce a new framework to treat the shape function, which consistently incorporates its renormalization group evolution and all constraints on its shape and moments in any short distance mass scheme. At the same time it allows a reliable treatment of the uncertainties. We develop an expansion in a suitable complete set of orthonormal basis functions, which provides a procedure for systematically controlling the uncertainties due to the unknown functional form of the shape function. This is a significant improvement over fits to model functions. Given any model for the shape function, our construction gives an orthonormal basis in which the model occurs as the first term, and corrections to it can be studied. We introduce a new short distance scheme, the "invisible scheme,'' for the kinetic energy matrix element lambda(1). We obtain closed form results for the differential rates that incorporate perturbative corrections and a summation of logarithms at any order in perturbation theory, and present results using known next-to-next-to-leading order expressions. The experimental implementation of our framework is straightforward. C1 [Ligeti, Zoltan; Tackmann, Frank J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stewart, Iain W.] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ligeti, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Science, Offices of High Energy and Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-94ER40818]; Sloan Foundation FX We thank Kerstin Tackmann for discussions and comments on the manuscript. Z. L. and I. S. thank the CERN Theory Group and the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality while parts of this work were completed. F. T. thanks the particle physics group at Humboldt University Berlin for its hospitality during the final stages of this work. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Offices of High Energy and Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under the Contract Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-FG02-94ER40818. I.S. was also supported in part by the DOE OJI program and by the Sloan Foundation. NR 78 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114014 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200032 ER PT J AU Lin, HW Cohen, SD Edwards, RG Richards, DG AF Lin, Huey-Wen Cohen, Saul D. Edwards, Robert G. Richards, David G. TI Lattice study of the N-P-11 transition form factors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON RESONANCE REGION; MESON PRODUCTION; ROPER RESONANCE; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PHYSICS AB Experiments at Jefferson Laboratory, MIT-Bates, LEGS, Mainz, Bonn, GRAAL, and Spring-8 offer new opportunities to understand in detail how nucleon resonance (N*) properties emerge from the nonperturbative aspects of QCD. Preliminary data from CLAS Collaboration, which cover a large range of photon virtuality Q(2), show interesting behavior with respect to Q(2) dependence: in the region Q(2) <= 1: 5 GeV2, both the transverse amplitude A(1/2)(Q(2)) and the longitudinal amplitude S-1/2(Q(2)) decrease rapidly. In this work, we attempt to use first-principles lattice QCD (for the first time) to provide a model-independent study of the transition form factor between the nucleon and its first radially excited state. C1 [Lin, Huey-Wen; Cohen, Saul D.; Edwards, Robert G.; Richards, David G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Lin, HW (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM hwlin@jlab.org OI Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320 FU DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates Jefferson Lab FX This work was done using the CHROMA software suite [31] on clusters at Jefferson Laboratory using time awarded under the SciDAC Initiative. This work was supported by DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates Jefferson Lab. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114508 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200059 ER PT J AU Mihaila, B Dawson, JF Cooper, F AF Mihaila, Bogdan Dawson, John F. Cooper, Fred TI Fermion pair production in QED and the backreaction problem in (1+1)-dimensional boost-invariant coordinates revisited SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL RAPIDITY REGION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; MODEL AB We study two different initial conditions for fermions for the problem of pair production of fermions coupled to a classical electromagnetic field with backreaction in (1 + 1)-dimensional boost-invariant coordinates. Both of these conditions are consistent with fermions initially in a vacuum state. We present results for the proper-time evolution of the electric field E, the current J, the matter energy density epsilon, and the pressure p as a function of the proper time for these two cases. We also determine the interpolating number density as a function of the proper time. We find that when we use a "first-order adiabatic'' vacuum initial condition or a "free-field'' initial condition for the fermion field, we obtain essentially similar behavior for physically measurable quantities. The second method is computationally simpler, it is twice as fast and involves half the storage required by the first method. C1 [Mihaila, Bogdan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dawson, John F.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cooper, Fred] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Cooper, Fred] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Cooper, Fred] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mihaila, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bmihaila@lanl.gov; john.dawson@unh.edu; cooper@santafe.edu RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 116017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.116017 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200095 ER PT J AU Ramalho, G Pena, MT Gross, F AF Ramalho, G. Pena, M. T. Gross, Franz TI D-state effects in the electromagnetic N Delta transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID RELATIVISTIC RESONANCE MODEL; 3-BODY BOUND-STATE; FORM-FACTORS; DELTA(1232) RESONANCE; GAMMA-ASTERISK; QUARK-MODEL; BAG MODEL; PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; BARYON RESONANCES; MESON PRODUCTION AB We consider here a manifestly covariant quark model of the nucleon and the Delta, where one quark is off shell, and the other two quarks form an on-shell diquark pair. Using this model, we have shown previously that the nucleon form factors and the dominant form factor for the gamma N -> Delta transition (the magnetic dipole (M1) form factor) can be well described by nucleon and Delta wave functions with S-state components only. In this paper, we show that nonvanishing results for the small electric (E2) and Coulomb (C2) quadrupole form factors can be obtained if D-state components are added to the Delta valence quark wave function. We present a covariant definition of these components and compute their contributions to the form factors. We find that these components cannot, by themselves, describe the data. Explicit pion cloud contributions must also be added, and these contributions dominate both the E2 and the C2 form factors. By parametrizing the pion cloud contribution for the transition electric and Coulomb form factors in terms of the neutron electric form factor, we estimate that the contributions of the Delta D-state coupled to quark core spin of 3/2 is of the order of 1%, and the contributions of the Delta D-state coupled to quark core spin 1/2 is of the order of 4%. C1 [Ramalho, G.; Gross, Franz] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Ramalho, G.; Pena, M. T.] Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Pena, M. T.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Phys, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Gross, Franz] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Ramalho, G (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Pena, Teresa/M-4683-2013; OI Pena, Teresa/0000-0002-3529-2408; Ramalho, Gilberto/0000-0002-9930-659X FU Jefferson Science Associates [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/26886/2006] FX This work was partially support by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U. S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. G. R. was supported by the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) under Grant No. SFRH/BPD/26886/2006. NR 126 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114017 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200035 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Yuan, F Liang, ZT AF Zhou, Jian Yuan, Feng Liang, Zuo-Tang TI Hyperon polarization in unpolarized scattering processes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; TRANSVERSE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; SINGLE-SPIN; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; HADRONIC SCATTERING; POWER CORRECTIONS AB Transverse polarization in the hyperon (Lambda) production in the unpolarized deep inelastic scattering and pp collisions is studied in the twist-three approach, considering the contribution from the quark-gluon-antiquark correlation distribution in nucleon. We further compare our results for deep inelastic scattering to a transverse momentum dependent factorization approach, and find consistency between the two approaches in the intermediate transverse momentum region. We also find that in pp collisions, there are only derivative terms contributions, and the nonderivative terms vanish. C1 [Zhou, Jian; Yuan, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhou, Jian; Liang, Zuo-Tang] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Feng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jzhou@lbl.gov; fyuan@lbl.gov; liang@sdu.edu.cn RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC0298CH10886]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10525523] FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Approval No. 10525523. We are grateful to RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the U. S. Department of Energy ( Contract No. DE-AC0298CH10886) for providing the facilities essential for the completion of this work. J. Z. is partially supported by China Scholarship Council. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 114008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.114008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200026 ER PT J AU Antal, T Krapivsky, PL Rakos, A AF Antal, T. Krapivsky, P. L. Rakos, A. TI Logarithmic current fluctuations in nonequilibrium quantum spin chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article DE current fluctuations; spin systems ID SIMPLE EXCLUSION PROCESS; CORRELATION AMPLITUDE; RANDOM MATRICES; ENERGY CURRENT; RELAXATION; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB We study zero-temperature quantum spin chains, which are characterized by a nonvanishing current. For the XX model starting from the initial state parallel to center dot up arrow up arrow up arrow down arrow down arrow down arrow center dot > we derive an exact expression for the variance of the total spin current. We show that asymptotically the variance exhibits an anomalously slow logarithmic growth; we also extract the subleading constant term. We then argue that the logarithmic growth remains valid for the XXZ model in the critical region. C1 [Antal, T.] Harvard Univ, Program Evolutionary Dynam, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Krapivsky, P. L.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Krapivsky, P. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Krapivsky, P. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rakos, A.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Condensed Matter Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. RP Antal, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Program Evolutionary Dynam, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Antal, Tibor/A-4512-2008; Rakos, Attila/B-6480-2008; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM078986] NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 061115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.061115 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 391NP UT WOS:000262240300027 PM 19256810 ER PT J AU Carmi, S Krapivsky, PL ben-Avraham, D AF Carmi, Shai Krapivsky, P. L. ben-Avraham, Daniel TI Partition of networks into basins of attraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INTERNET AB We study partition of networks into basins of attraction based on a steepest ascent search for the node of highest degree. Each node is associated with, or "attracted" to its neighbor of maximal degree, as long as the degree is increasing. A node that has no neighbors of higher degree is a peak, attracting all the nodes in its basin. Maximally random scale-free networks exhibit different behavior based on their degree distribution exponent gamma: For small gamma (broad distribution) networks are dominated by a giant basin, whereas for large gamma (narrow distribution) there are numerous basins, with peaks attracting mainly their nearest neighbors. We derive expressions for the first two moments of the number of basins. We also obtain the complete distribution of basin sizes for a class of hierarchical deterministic scale-free networks that resemble random nets. Finally, we generalize the problem to regular networks and lattices where all degrees are equal, and thus the attractiveness of a node must be determined by an assigned weight, rather than the degree. We derive the complete distribution of basins of attraction resulting from randomly assigned weights in one-dimensional chains. C1 [Carmi, Shai] Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Carmi, Shai] Bar Ilan Univ, Minerva Ctr, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Carmi, Shai] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Krapivsky, P. L.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Krapivsky, P. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Krapivsky, P. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [ben-Avraham, Daniel] Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Carmi, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Carmi, Shai/F-4817-2010; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Carmi, Shai/0000-0002-0188-2610; NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 066111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.066111 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 391NS UT WOS:000262240600019 PM 19256909 ER PT J AU Dai, B Leal, LG Redondo, A AF Dai, Bing Leal, L. Gary Redondo, Antonio TI Disjoining pressure for nonuniform thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR FLOW; EQUAL-SIZED DROPS; LIQUID-FILMS; FREE ENERGY; EQUILIBRIUM-CONFIGURATIONS; SOLID-SURFACES; FORCES; COALESCENCE; INTERFACE; FLUID AB The effect of the attractive forces originating from van der Waals interactions on the dynamics of thin films (<= similar to 100 nm) is often approximated in fluid dynamics as the disjoining pressure between two unbounded parallel interfaces. However, it is known that this concept of the disjoining pressure, as a force per unit area between parallel interfaces, cannot generally be extended to films of nonuniform thickness. In this paper, we derive a formula for the disjoining pressure for a film of nonuniform thickness by minimizing the total Helmholtz free energy for a thin film residing on a solid substrate. Comparing to the augmented Young-Laplace equation, the disjoining pressure for a thin film of small slope on a flat substrate is shown to take the form Pi=-A(123)(4-3h(x)(2)+3hh(xx))/24 pi h(3), where A(123) is the Hamaker constant for phases 1 and 3 interacting through phase 2; h, h(x), and h(xx) are the local film thickness, slope and second order derivative, respectively. For the limiting case of parallel interfaces (e.g., h(x) = h(xx) equivalent to 0), the disjoining pressure reduces to Pi=-A(123)/6 pi h(3) in agreement with the classical Lifshitz expression for the van der Waals force. The derivation can be readily extended to more general nonuniform films by constructing tangential planes at both interfaces of the films. Because of steric effects that prevent molecules from overlapping each other, the molecular size cannot be neglected when applying the mesoscopic concept of the disjoining pressure to films of thickness comparable to molecular scales. C1 [Dai, Bing; Leal, L. Gary] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Redondo, Antonio] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dai, B (reprint author), MEMC Elect Mat Inc, 501 Pearl Dr, St Peters, MO 63376 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 061602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.061602 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 391NP UT WOS:000262240300065 ER PT J AU Law, KJH Kevrekidis, PG Koukouloyannis, V Kourakis, I Frantzeskakis, DJ Bishop, AR AF Law, K. J. H. Kevrekidis, P. G. Koukouloyannis, V. Kourakis, I. Frantzeskakis, D. J. Bishop, A. R. TI Discrete solitons and vortices in hexagonal and honeycomb lattices: Existence, stability, and dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC LATTICES; WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SPATIAL OPTICAL SOLITONS; BREATHERS; MODES; DIPOLE; STATES; MATTER AB We consider a prototypical dynamical lattice model, namely, the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation on nonsquare lattice geometries. We present a systematic classification of the solutions that arise in principal six-lattice-site and three-lattice-site contours in the form of both discrete multipole solitons and discrete vortices. Additionally to identifying the possible states, we analytically track their linear stability both qualitatively and quantitatively. We find that among the six-site configurations, the "hexapole" of alternating phases (0-pi), as well as the vortex of topological charge S=2 have intervals of stability; among three-site states, only the vortex of topological charge S=1 may be stable in the case of focusing nonlinearity. These conclusions are confirmed both for hexagonal and for honeycomb lattices by means of detailed numerical bifurcation analysis of the stationary states from the anticontinuum limit, and by direct simulations to monitor the dynamical instabilities, when the latter arise. The dynamics reveal a wealth of nonlinear behavior resulting not only in single-site solitary wave forms, but also in robust multisite breathing structures. C1 [Law, K. J. H.; Kevrekidis, P. G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Koukouloyannis, V.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Phys, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Koukouloyannis, V.] Technol Educ Inst Serres, Dept Civil Engn, Serres 64124, Greece. [Kourakis, I.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Plasma Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Frantzeskakis, D. J.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Law, KJH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Law, Kody/A-6375-2010; Kourakis, Ioannis/B-7885-2010; OI Kourakis, Ioannis/0000-0002-4027-0166; Law, Kody/0000-0003-3133-2537 FU NSF [DMS-0505663, DMS-0806762]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research (EPSRC) FX P. G. K. gratefully acknowledges support from NSF Grants No. DMS-0505663 and No. DMS-0806762 and NSF CAREER, as well as from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The work of I.K. was supported by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research (EPSRC) via a Science and Innovation grant. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 066610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.066610 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 391NS UT WOS:000262240600081 PM 19256971 ER PT J AU Swift, DC Kraus, RG Loomis, EN Hicks, DG McNaney, JM Johnson, RP AF Swift, Damian C. Kraus, Richard G. Loomis, Eric N. Hicks, Damien G. McNaney, James M. Johnson, Randall P. TI Shock formation and the ideal shape of ramp compression waves SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM AB We derive expressions for shock formation based on the local curvature of the flow characteristics during dynamic compression. Given a specific ramp adiabat, calculated for instance from the equation of state for a substance, the ideal nonlinear shape for an applied ramp loading history can be determined. We discuss the region affected by lateral release, which can be presented in compact form for the ideal loading history. Example calculations are given for representative metals and plastic ablators. Continuum dynamics (hydrocode) simulations were in good agreement with the algebraic forms. Example applications are presented for several classes of laser-loading experiment, identifying conditions where shocks are desired but not formed, and where long-duration ramps are desired. C1 [Swift, Damian C.; McNaney, James M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kraus, Richard G.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Loomis, Eric N.; Johnson, Randall P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp P 24, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hicks, Damien G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div 5, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Swift, DC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dswift@llnl.gov RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 FU Laboratory-Directed Research and Development [06-SI-004, 08-ER-038]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed in support of Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Projects No. 06-SI-004 and No. 08-ER-038, under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 066115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.066115 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 391NS UT WOS:000262240600023 PM 19256913 ER PT J AU Zastrau, U Fortmann, C Faustlin, RR Cao, LF Doppner, T Dusterer, S Glenzer, SH Gregori, G Laarmann, T Lee, HJ Przystawik, A Radcliffe, P Reinholz, H Ropke, G Thiele, R Tiggesbaumker, J Truong, NX Toleikis, S Uschmann, I Wierling, A Tschentscher, T Forster, E Redmer, R AF Zastrau, U. Fortmann, C. Faeustlin, R. R. Cao, L. F. Doeppner, T. Duesterer, S. Glenzer, S. H. Gregori, G. Laarmann, T. Lee, H. J. Przystawik, A. Radcliffe, P. Reinholz, H. Roepke, G. Thiele, R. Tiggesbaeumker, J. Truong, N. X. Toleikis, S. Uschmann, I. Wierling, A. Tschentscher, T. Foerster, E. Redmer, R. TI Bremsstrahlung and line spectroscopy of warm dense aluminum plasma heated by xuv free-electron-laser radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; X-RAY; ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN; PULSES; INTERFEROMETRY; WAVELENGTHS; ULTRAVIOLET; IONIZATION; SPECTRA AB We report the creation of solid-density aluminum plasma using free-electron laser (FEL) radiation at 13.5 nm wavelength. Ultrashort pulses were focused on a bulk Al target, yielding an intensity of 2 x 10(14) W/cm(2). The radiation emitted from the plasma was measured using an xuv spectrometer. Bremsstrahlung and line intensity ratios yield consistent electron temperatures of about 38 eV, supported by radiation hydrodynamics simulations. This shows that xuv FELs heat up plasmas volumetrically and homogeneously at warm-dense-matter conditions, which are accurately characterized by xuv spectroscopy. C1 [Zastrau, U.; Cao, L. F.; Uschmann, I.; Foerster, E.] Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelekt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Fortmann, C.; Przystawik, A.; Reinholz, H.; Roepke, G.; Thiele, R.; Tiggesbaeumker, J.; Truong, N. X.; Wierling, A.; Redmer, R.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Faeustlin, R. R.; Duesterer, S.; Laarmann, T.; Radcliffe, P.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.] DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Doeppner, T.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Gregori, G.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Lee, H. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zastrau, U (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelekt, Max Wien Pl 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany. EM zastrau@ioq.uni-jena.de RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013; OI Zastrau, Ulf/0000-0002-3575-4449; Thiele, Robert/0000-0001-8350-9942 FU German Helmholtzgemeinschaft via the Virtual Institute [VH-VI104]; German Federal Ministry for Education and Research; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Sonderforschungsbereich [SFB 652]; DFG [LA 1431/2-1, GRK 1355]; U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LDRDs [08-ERI-002,08-LW-004]; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; [FSP 301-FLASH] FX We thankfully acknowledge financial support by the German Helmholtzgemeinschaft via the Virtual Institute VH-VI104, the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research via Project No. FSP 301-FLASH, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652. T. L. acknowledges financial support from the DFG under Grant No. LA 1431/2-1. R. R. F. received DFG funds via Grant No. GRK 1355. The work of S. H. G. was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. S. H. G. was also supported by LDRDs 08-ERI-002,08-LW-004, and the Alexander von Humboldt foundation. The work of G. G. was partially supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. Finally, the authors are greatly indebted to the machine operators, run coordinators, and scientific and technical teams of the FLASH facility for enabling an outstanding performance. NR 43 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 066406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.066406 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 391NS UT WOS:000262240600071 PM 19256961 ER PT J AU Blume, M AF Blume, Martin TI Bob Siemann and PRST-AB SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blume, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 120012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.120012 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300012 ER PT J AU Chao, AW AF Chao, Alexander W. TI In memory of Robert Siemann SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chao, AW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 120005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.120005 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300005 ER PT J AU Ciovati, G Gurevich, A AF Ciovati, G. Gurevich, A. TI Evidence of high-field radio-frequency hot spots due to trapped vortices in niobium cavities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARIES AB Superconducting radio-frequency (rf) cavities made of high-purity niobium exhibit strong anomalous rf losses starting at peak surface magnetic fields of about 90-100 mT in the gigahertz range. This phenomenon is referred to as "Q drop.'' Temperature maps of the cavity surface have revealed the presence of "hot spots'' in the high magnetic field region of the cavities. Several models have been proposed over the years to explain this phenomenon but there is still no experimental evidence on the mechanisms behind such hot spots. In this work we show that at least some of the hot spots are due to trapped vortices responsible for the anomalous losses. Here we report experiments in which a local thermal gradient was applied to the hot spot regions of a cavity in order to displace the vortices. Temperature maps measured before and after applying the thermal gradient unambiguously show that the hot spots do move and change their intensities, allowing us to determine changes in the hot spot positions and strengths and their effect on the cavity performance. Results on a large-grain niobium cavity clearly show a different distribution and in some cases a weakening of the intensity of the "hot spots,'' suggesting new ways of improving the cavity performance without additional material treatments. C1 [Ciovati, G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Gurevich, A.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Ciovati, G (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM gciovati@jlab.org RI Gurevich, Alex/A-4327-2008 OI Gurevich, Alex/0000-0003-0759-8941 FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX We would like to thank M. Morrone for the assembly/ disassembly of the temperature mapping system and the heaters, C. Crawford and R. Geng for helping with the Questar telescope, and P. Kushnick for cryogenic support. This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, under U. S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 122001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.122001 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300018 ER PT J AU Goldman, T Silbar, RR AF Goldman, T. Silbar, Richard R. TI Pion linac as an energy-tagged nu source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB The energy spectrum and flux of neutrinos from a linear pion accelerator are calculated analytically under the assumption of a uniform accelerating gradient. The energy of a neutrino from this source reacting in a detector can be determined from timing and event position information. C1 [Goldman, T.; Silbar, Richard R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldman, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tgoldman@lanl.gov; silbar@lanl.gov FU S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank C. Morris for a valuable conversation. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 124701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.124701 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300020 ER PT J AU Henderson, SD AF Henderson, Stuart D. TI Bob Siemann and the Spallation Neutron Source: A remembrance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Henderson, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Bldg 8600, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 120013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.120013 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300013 ER PT J AU Leemans, W AF Leemans, Wim TI Bob Siemann's contributions to advanced accelerators-a personal perspective SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leemans, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 120004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.120004 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300004 ER PT J AU Raubenheimer, TO AF Raubenheimer, Tor O. TI Bob Siemann-SLC days at SLAC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Raubenheimer, TO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 120011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.120011 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300011 ER PT J AU Stygar, WA Rosenthal, SE Ives, HC Wagoner, TC Allshouse, GO Androlewicz, KE Donovan, GL Fehl, DL Frese, MH Gilliland, TL Johnson, MF Mills, JA Reisman, DB Reynolds, PG Speas, CS Spielman, RB Struve, KW Toor, A Waisman, EM AF Stygar, W. A. Rosenthal, S. E. Ives, H. C. Wagoner, T. C. Allshouse, G. O. Androlewicz, K. E. Donovan, G. L. Fehl, D. L. Frese, M. H. Gilliland, T. L. Johnson, M. F. Mills, J. A. Reisman, D. B. Reynolds, P. G. Speas, C. S. Spielman, R. B. Struve, K. W. Toor, A. Waisman, E. M. TI Energy loss to conductors operated at lineal current densities <= 10 MA/cm: Semianalytic model, magnetohydrodynamic simulations, and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID POST-HOLE CONVOLUTE; CONDUCTIVITY; FLOW AB We have developed a semianalytic expression for the total energy loss to a vacuum transmission-line electrode operated at high lineal current densities. (We define the lineal current density j(l) equivalent to B/mu(0) to be the current per unit electrode width, where B is the magnetic field at the electrode surface and mu(0) is the permeability of free space.) The expression accounts for energy loss due to Ohmic heating, magnetic diffusion, j x B work, and the increase in the transmission line's vacuum inductance due to motion of the vacuum-electrode boundary. The sum of these four terms constitutes the Poynting fluence at the original location of the boundary. The expression assumes that (i) the current distribution in the electrode can be approximated as one-dimensional and planar; (ii) the current I(t) = 0 for t < 0, and I(t) alpha t for t >= 0; (iii) j(l) <= 10 MA/cm; and (iv) the current-pulse width is between 50 and 300 ns. Under these conditions we find that, to first order, the total energy lost per unit electrode-surface area is given by Wt(t) = alpha t(beta)B gamma(t) + zeta(t kappa)B lambda(t), where B(t) is the nominal magnetic field at the surface. The quantities alpha, beta, gamma, zeta, kappa, and lambda are material constants that are determined by normalizing the expression for Wt(t) to the results of 1D magnetohydrodynamic MACH2 simulations. For stainless-steel electrodes operated at current densities between 0.5 and 10 MA/cm, we find that alpha = 3: 36 x 10(5), beta = 1/2, gamma = 2, zeta = 4: 47 x 10(4), kappa = 5/4, and lambda = 4 (in SI units). An effective time-dependent resistance, appropriate for circuit simulations of pulsed-power accelerators, is derived from Wt(t). Resistance-model predictions are compared to energy-loss measurements made with stainless-steel electrodes operated at peak lineal current densities as high as 12 MA/cm (and peak currents as high as 23 MA). The predictions are consistent with the measurements, to within experimental uncertainties. We also find that a previously used electrode-energy-loss model overpredicts the measurements by as much as an order of magnitude. C1 [Stygar, W. A.; Rosenthal, S. E.; Allshouse, G. O.; Donovan, G. L.; Fehl, D. L.; Mills, J. A.; Speas, C. S.; Struve, K. W.; Waisman, E. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ives, H. C.] EG&G, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. [Wagoner, T. C.; Androlewicz, K. E.; Gilliland, T. L.; Spielman, R. B.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Frese, M. H.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Johnson, M. F.] Team Specialty Prod Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Reisman, D. B.; Toor, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Johnson, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 120401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.120401 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300015 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, F AF Zimmermann, Frank TI Robert H. Siemann-encounters and essays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Zimmermann, Frank] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Zimmermann, Frank] APS, New York, NY 11961 USA. RP Zimmermann, F (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 12 AR 120001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.120001 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 420FC UT WOS:000264273300001 ER PT J AU Antao, S Hassan, I Mulder, W Lee, P AF Antao, Sytle M. Hassan, Ishmael Mulder, Willem H. Lee, Peter L. TI The R3c -> R3m transition in nitratine, NaNO(3), and implications for calcite, CaCO(3) SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE Sodium nitrate; NaNO(3); Nitratine; Order-disorder transition ID DISORDER PHASE-TRANSITION; SODIUM-NITRATE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ELECTRON-DENSITY; X-RAY; ARAGONITE; PARAMETERS; MAGNESITE AB The temperature dependences of the crystal structure and superstructure intensities in sodium nitrate, mineral name nitratine, NaNO3, were studied using Rietveld structure refinements based on synchrotron powder Xray diffraction. Nitratine transforms from R3c to R3m at Tc = 552( 1) K. A NO3 group occupies, statistically, two positions with equal frequency in the disordered R3m phase, but with unequal frequency in the partially ordered R3c phase. One position for the NO3 group is rotated by 60 degrees or 180 degrees with respect to the other. The occupancy of the two orientations in the R3c phase is obtained from the occupancy factor, x, for the O1 site and gives rise to the order parameter, S = 2x - 1, where S is 0 at Tc and 1 at 0 K. The NO3 groups rotate in a rapid process from about 541 to Tc, where the a axis contracts. Using a modified Bragg- Williams model, a good fit was obtained for the normalized intensities ( that is, normalized, NI 1/ 2) for the ( 113) and ( 211) reflections in R3c NaNO3; and indicates a second- order transition. Using the same model, a reasonable fit was obtained for the order parameter, S, and also supports a second- order transition. C1 [Antao, Sytle M.; Lee, Peter L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hassan, Ishmael; Mulder, Willem H.] Univ W Indies, Dept Chem, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Antao, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM antao@ucalgary.ca FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for useful comments. XRD data were collected at the X-ray Operations and Research beam-lines 1-BM and 11-BM, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 BP 545 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s00269-008-0232-8 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 374IN UT WOS:000261037100001 ER PT J AU Crease, R AF Crease, Robert P. TI The National Synchrotron Light Source, Part I: Bright Idea SO PHYSICS IN PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Kenneth Green; Renata Chasman; Martin Blume; Sam Krinsky; Arie van Steenbergen; Richard Watson; Brookhaven National Laboratory; National Synchrotron Light Source; synchrotron radiation; Chasman-Green lattice; accelerators ID RADIATION AB The National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) was the first facility designed and built specifically for producing and exploiting synchrotron radiation. It was also the first facility to incorporate the Chasman-Green lattice for maximizing brightness. The NSLS was a $24-million project conceived about 1970. It was officially proposed in 1976, and its groundbreaking took place in 1978. Its construction was a key episode in Brookhaven's history, in the transition of synchrotron radiation from a novelty to a commodity, and in the transition of synchrotron-radiation scientists from parasitic to autonomous researchers. The way the machine was conceived, designed, promoted, and constructed illustrates much both about the tensions and tradeoffs faced by large scientific projects in the age of big science. In this article, the first of two parts, I cover the conception, design, and planning of the NSLS up to its groundbreaking. Part II, covering its construction, will appear in the next issue. C1 [Crease, Robert P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Crease, Robert P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, R (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6944 J9 PHYS PERSPECT JI Phys. Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 438 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s00016-007-0357-z PG 30 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 379WT UT WOS:000261427700004 ER PT J AU Balakumar, BJ Orlicz, GC Tomkins, CD Prestridge, KP AF Balakumar, B. J. Orlicz, G. C. Tomkins, C. D. Prestridge, K. P. TI Simultaneous particle-image velocimetry-planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability growth in a gas curtain with and without reshock SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID THIN FLUID LAYER; SCALE PERTURBATIONS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; SHOCK; TURBULENCE; FLOWS; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSITION; SIMULATION; INTERFACE AB The structure of the concentration and velocity fields in a light-heavy-light fluid layer subjected to an impulsive acceleration by a shock wave (Richtmyer-Meshkov instability) is studied using simultaneous particle-image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements (performed in such flows for the first time). The initial condition prior to shock impact is accurately characterized using calibrated PLIF measurements to enable comparisons of the evolving structure to numerical simulations. Experiments performed on a SF(6) curtain in air (Atwood number, At=0.67), after single shock by a Mach 1.2 shock wave and reshock by the reflected wave, show that the reshock wave has a dramatic impact on the evolution of the unstable structure. After first shock and in the absence of reshock(s), the structure widths agree well with an analytical extension to the nonlinear point vortex model [J. W. Jacobs et al., "Nonlinear growth of the shock-accelerated instability of a thin fluid layer," J. Fluid Mech. 295, 23 (1995)] that accounts for the nonuniform spacing of the row of counter-rotating vortices that drive the flow. However, upon reshock, the width deviates significantly from the singly shocked case, and a substantial rise in the growth rate is observed. Enhanced mixing, destruction of the ordered velocity field, and an increase in both the positive and negative circulations ensue. Large velocity fluctuations relative to the mean flow, and the advection of a wide spectrum of vortex scales combine to mix the flow well and create turbulent conditions in the reshocked structure. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3041705] C1 [Balakumar, B. J.; Orlicz, G. C.; Tomkins, C. D.; Prestridge, K. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balakumar, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bbalasub@lanl.gov RI Prestridge, Kathy/C-1137-2012 OI Prestridge, Kathy/0000-0003-2425-5086 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 12 AR 124103 DI 10.1063/1.3041705 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 391IE UT WOS:000262226200015 ER PT J AU Eyink, GL AF Eyink, Gregory L. TI Turbulent flow in pipes and channels as cross-stream "inverse cascades" of vorticity SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MEAN MOMENTUM BALANCE; WALL TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUPERFLUID-HELIUM; MODEL; DYNAMICS; FIELDS; MOTION; MECHANISM AB A commonplace view of pressure-driven turbulence in pipes and channels is as "cascades" of streamwise momentum toward the viscous layer at the wall. We present in this paper an alternative picture of these flows as "inverse cascades" of spanwise vorticity in the cross-stream direction but away from the viscous sublayer. We show that there is a constant spatial flux of spanwise vorticity due to vorticity conservation and that this flux is necessary to produce pressure drop and energy dissipation. The vorticity transport is shown to be dominated by viscous diffusion at distances closer to the wall than the peak Reynolds stress, well into the classical log layer. The Perry-Chong model based on "representative" hairpin/horseshoe vortices predicts a single sign of the turbulent vorticity flux over the whole log layer, whereas the actual flux must change sign at the location of the Reynolds-stress maximum. Sign reversal may be achieved by assuming a slow power-law decay of the Townsend "eddy-intensity function" for wall-normal distances greater than the hairpin length scale. The vortex-cascade picture presented here has a close analog in the theory of quantum superfluids and superconductors, the "phase slippage" of quantized vortex lines. Most of our results should therefore apply as well to superfluid turbulence in pipes and channels. We also discuss issues about drag reduction from this perspective. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3013635] C1 [Eyink, Gregory L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Eyink, Gregory L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eyink, GL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 71 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 12 AR 125101 DI 10.1063/1.3013635 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 391IE UT WOS:000262226200017 ER PT J AU Ahn, JW Boedo, JA Maingi, R Soukhanovskii, V AF Ahn, J-W. Boedo, J. A. Maingi, R. Soukhanovskii, V. CA NSTX Res Team TI The role of parallel heat transport in the relation between upstream scrape-off layer widths and target heat flux width in H-mode plasmas of the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE plasma boundary layers; plasma density; plasma instability; plasma probes; plasma sheaths; plasma temperature; plasma toroidal confinement; plasma transport processes; Tokamak devices ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; ALCATOR C-MOD; POWER BALANCE; SOL TRANSPORT; CHAPTER 1; DIVERTOR; NSTX; JET; DISCHARGES; BOUNDARY AB The physics of parallel heat transport was tested in the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma of the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000); S. M. Kaye , ibid. 45, S168 (2005)] tokamak by comparing the upstream electron temperature (T(e)) and density (n(e)) profiles measured by the midplane reciprocating probe to the heat flux (q(perpendicular to)) profile at the divertor plate measured by an infrared camera. It is found that electron conduction explains the near SOL width data reasonably well while the far SOL, which is in the sheath limited regime, requires an ion heat flux profile broader than the electron one to be consistent with the experimental data. The measured plasma parameters indicate that the SOL energy transport should be in the conduction-limited regime for R-R(sep) (radial distance from the separatrix location) < 2-3 cm. The SOL energy transport should transition to the sheath-limited regime for R-R(sep)>2-3 cm. The T(e), n(e), and q(perpendicular to) profiles are better described by an offset exponential function instead of a simple exponential. The conventional relation between midplane electron temperature decay length (lambda(Te)) and target heat flux decay length (lambda(q)) is lambda(Te)=7/2 lambda(q), whereas the newly derived relation, assuming offset exponential functional forms, implies lambda(Te)=(2-2.5)lambda(q). The measured values of lambda(Te)/lambda(q) differ from the new prediction by 25%-30%. The measured lambda(q) values in the far SOL (R-R(sep)>2-3 cm) are 9-10 cm, while the expected values are 2.7