FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Noe, F Daidone, I Smith, JC di Nola, A Amadei, A AF Noe, Frank Daidone, Isabella Smith, Jeremy C. di Nola, Alfredo Amadei, Andrea TI Solvent electrostriction-driven peptide folding revealed by quasi-Gaussian entropy theory and molecular dynamics simulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID UNFOLDED POLYPEPTIDE-CHAINS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DRIVING-FORCE; SURFACE-AREA; PROTEINS; MODEL; WATER; STABILIZATION; PREDICTION AB A quantitative understanding of the complex relationship between microscopic structure and the thermodynamics driving peptide and protein folding is a major goal of biophysical chemistry. Here, we present a methodology comprising the use of an extended quasi-Gaussian entropy theory parametrized using molecular dynamics simulation that provides a complete description of the thermodynamics of peptide conformational states. The strategy is applied to analyze the conformational thermodynamics of MR121-GSGSW, a peptide well characterized in experimental studies. The results demonstrate that the extended state of the peptide possesses the lowest partial molar entropy. The origin of this entropy decrease is found to be in the increase of the density and orientational order of the hydration water molecules around the peptide, induced by the "unfolding". While such a reduction of the configurational entropy is usually associated with the hydrophobic effect, it is here found to be mainly due to the interaction of the solute charges with the solvent, that is, electrostriction. C1 [Amadei, Andrea] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Chem Sci & Technol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [di Nola, Alfredo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Noe, Frank; Daidone, Isabella; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Heidelberg, Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Noe, Frank] Free Univ Berlin, DFG Res Ctr Matheon, D-14159 Berlin, Germany. RP Amadei, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Chem Sci & Technol, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM andrea.amadei@uniroma2.it RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012; OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; amadei, andrea/0000-0001-9488-0536 FU European Community-Research Infrastructure Action [RII3-CT-2003-506079]; Structuring the European Research Area" Programme FX This work was carried out under the HPC-EUROPA project (RII3-CT-2003-506079), with the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Action under FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" Programme. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 35 BP 11155 EP 11163 DI 10.1021/jp801391t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 342RD UT WOS:000258800300051 PM 18698708 ER PT J AU Curutchet, C Franceschetti, A Zunger, A Scholes, GD AF Curutchet, Caries Franceschetti, Alberto Zunger, Alex Scholes, Gregory D. TI Examining Forster energy transfer for semiconductor nanocrystalline quantum dot donors and acceptors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID DENSITY CUBE METHOD; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SOLIDS; COUPLINGS; DYNAMICS; PIGMENTS; EXCITON; SYSTEMS AB Excitation energy transfer involving semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has received increased attention in recent years because their properties, such as high photostability and size-tunable optical properties, have made QDs attractive as Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET) probes or sensors. An intriguing question in FRET studies involving QDs has been whether the dipole approximation, commonly used to predict the electronic coupling, is sufficiently accurate. Accurate estimates of electronic couplings between two 3.9 nm CdSe QDs and between a QD and a chlorophyll molecule are reported. These calculations are based on transition densities obtained from atomistic semiempirical calculations and time-dependent density functional theory for the QD and the chlorophyll, respectively. In contrast to the case of donor-acceptor molecules, where the dipole approximation breaks down at length scales comparable to the molecular dimensions, we find that the dipole approximation works surprisingly well when donor and/or acceptor is a spherical QD, even at contact donor-acceptor separations. Our conclusions provide support for the use of QDs as FRET probes for accurate distance measurements. C1 [Curutchet, Caries; Scholes, Gregory D.] Univ Toronto, Inst Opt Sci, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Curutchet, Caries; Scholes, Gregory D.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Franceschetti, Alberto; Zunger, Alex] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Scholes, GD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Opt Sci, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM gscholes@chem.utoronto.ca RI Curutchet, Carles/C-5204-2008 OI Curutchet, Carles/0000-0002-0070-1208 NR 49 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 35 BP 13336 EP 13341 DI 10.1021/jp805682m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 342RH UT WOS:000258800700007 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Ma, Z Dai, S Liu, J Nie, ZM Engelhard, MH Huo, QS Wang, CM Kou, R AF Wang, Donghai Ma, Zhen Dai, Sheng Liu, Jun Nie, Zimin Engelhard, Mark H. Huo, Qisheng Wang, Chongmin Kou, Rong TI Low-temperature synthesis of tunable mesoporous crystalline transition metal oxides and applications as Au catalyst supports SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; CO OXIDATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; THERMAL-STABILITY; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; RUTILE TIO2; SILICA; TITANIA; FILMS; ZIRCONIA AB Mesoporous transition metal oxides are of great potential as catalyst supports, shape-selective catalysts, photocatalysts, and sensor materials. Previously stable crystalline mesoporous oxides were mostly obtained by thermally induced crystallization or by segregating the nanocrystals with an amorphous phase. Here we report a novel direct approach to crystalline mesoporous frameworks via the spontaneous growth and assembly of transition metal oxide nanocrystals (i.e., rutile TiO2, fluorite CeO2, cassiterite SnO2, and anatase SnxTi1-xO2) by oxidative hydrolysis and condensation in the presence of anionic surfactants. The influences of synthesis time, surfactants with different chain lengths, concentrations of the oxidant (i.e., hydrogen peroxide), and synthesis temperatures on the composition and morphologies of the resulting materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, N-2-sorption, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A mechanism for the templated synthesis of crystalline mesoporous metal oxides was tentatively proposed. To demonstrate the catalytic applications of these materials, gold nanoparticles were loaded on mesoporous rutile TiO2 and fluorite CeO2 supports, and their catalytic performance in CO oxidation and water-gas shift was surveyed. Au nanoparticles supported on the mesoporous crystalline metal oxides exhibit higher reactivity and excellent on-stream stability toward CO oxidation and water-gas shift reaction compared with Au nanoparticles supported on commercial TiO2 and CeO2. C1 [Wang, Donghai; Liu, Jun; Nie, Zimin; Huo, Qisheng; Kou, Rong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Engelhard, Mark H.; Wang, Chongmin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ma, Zhen; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jun.liu@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Ma, Zhen/F-1348-2010; Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Ma, Zhen/0000-0002-2391-4943; Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX The work is supported by Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). TEM and XPS investigation was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 55 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 16 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 35 BP 13499 EP 13509 DI 10.1021/jp804250f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 342RH UT WOS:000258800700035 ER PT J AU Argyris, D Tummala, NR Striolo, A Cole, DR AF Argyris, Dimitrios Tummala, Naga Rajesh Striolo, Alberto Cole, David R. TI Molecular structure and dynamics in thin water films at the silica and graphite surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ON-A-CHIP; HYDROPHILIC SURFACES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDRATION WATER; LIQUID WATER; VYCOR GLASS; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; NANOTRIBOLOGY; CRISTOBALITE AB The structure and dynamic properties of interfacial water at the graphite and silica solid surfaces were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of surface properties on the characteristics of interfacial water was quantified by computing density profiles, radial distribution functions, surface density distributions, orientation order parameters, and residence and reorientation correlation functions. In brief, our results show that the surface roughness, chemical heterogeneity, and surface heterogeneous charge distribution affect the structural and dynamic properties of the interfacial water molecules, as well as their rate of exchange with bulk water. Most importantly, our results indicate the formation of two distinct water layers at the SiO2 surface covered by a large density of hydroxyl groups. Further analysis of the data suggests a highly confined first layer where the water molecules assume preferential hydrogen-down orientation and a second layer whose behavior and characteristics are highly dependent on those of the first layer through a well-organized hydrogen bond network. The results suggest that water-water interactions, in particular hydrogen bonds, may be largely responsible for macroscopic interfacial properties such as adsorption and contact angle. C1 [Argyris, Dimitrios; Tummala, Naga Rajesh; Striolo, Alberto] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Chem Biol & Mat Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cole, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Striolo, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Chem Biol & Mat Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM astriolo@ou.edu RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011; TUMMALA, NAGA RAJESH/B-5861-2013 OI TUMMALA, NAGA RAJESH/0000-0001-9957-6330 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Divisions of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education FX Financial support was provided, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy through funding provided by the Divisions of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, by Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC). D.A., N.R.T., and A.S. acknowledge partial financial support from the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. Generous allocations of computing time were provided by the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. NR 45 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 14 U2 102 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 35 BP 13587 EP 13599 DI 10.1021/jp803234a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 342RH UT WOS:000258800700047 ER PT J AU Ockwig, NW Cygan, RT Hartl, MA Daemen, LL Nenoff, TM AF Ockwig, Nathan W. Cygan, Randall T. Hartl, Monika A. Daemen, Luke L. Nenoff, Tina M. TI Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering studies of nanoconfined water in clinoptilolite and heulandite zeolites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED CONFINED WATER; HYDROGEN-BONDED LIQUIDS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MESOSCOPIC CONFINEMENT; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM DISTRIBUTION; GLASS-TRANSITION; SILICA AB In a continued effort studying the role of water in ion exchange processes of zeolites, a synthetic series of alkali and alkaline earth metal cation variants (Na+, K+, Rb+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) of the hydrated clinoptilolite (Si/Al approximate to 5) and heulandite (Si/Al approximate to 3.5) aluminosilicate zeolites is examined by incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS). The low-frequency librational modes of water reveal the impact of nanoconfinement and framework charge within these isostructural aluminosilicate structures. The experimental IINS spectra are correlated with power spectra derived through molecular dynamics simulations. The impact of ion-zeolite, ion-water, and water-zeolite interactions on the hindered rotations (librations) of water molecules is explored as a function of Si/Al substitution, cation identity, and subnanometer confinement. The results indicate that electrostatic charge on the overall framework has a stronger influence than charge density of a given ion in the channel and that these effects become more pronounced as the charge difference between ion and zeolite is increased. C1 [Nenoff, Tina M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ockwig, Nathan W.; Cygan, Randall T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nenoff, Tina M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, LANSCE LC, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmnenof@sandia.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016 OI Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273 FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX We would like to thank Louise J. Criscenti, Jeffery A. Greathouse, and James P. Larentzos for numerous helpful discussions and two anonymous referees for their valuable feedback. This work was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This research is also sponsored by the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. The work benefited from the use of the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 35 BP 13629 EP 13634 DI 10.1021/jp803770v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 342RH UT WOS:000258800700051 ER PT J AU Wisbey, D Wu, N Feng, DQ Caruso, AN Belot, J Losovyj, Y Vescovo, E Dowben, PA AF Wisbey, David Wu, Ning Feng, Danqin Caruso, A. N. Belot, John Losovyj, Yaroslav Vescovo, Elio Dowben, Peter A. TI Interface-induced spin and dipole ordering of the copper spin 1/2 molecule: Bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; HYBRID FUNCTIONAL THEORY; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZED PHOTOEMISSION; FERROMAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY; FE(100) SUBSTRATE; DILUTE ALLOYS AB Using light-polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission, the metal-organic molecule bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) (or Cu(CNdpm)(2), i.e., C24H36N2O4Cu, Cu(II)) is observed to adopt a preferential orientation that depends on the film thickness and substrate when adsorbed on Co(111) and Cu(111). In addition, the final-state binding energies change with film thickness, suggesting the substrates affect the screening or charging in the photoemission final state. For Cu(CNdpm)(2) deposited on Co(111), the induced spin polarization was found to depend strongly on the molecular orbital contributions. C1 [Wisbey, David; Wu, Ning; Feng, Danqin; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wisbey, David; Wu, Ning; Feng, Danqin; Belot, John; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Caruso, A. N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Belot, John] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Losovyj, Yaroslav] Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Vescovo, Elio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu RI Wu, Ning/F-4244-2012 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0415421, CHE-0650453]; Louisiana Board of Regents; United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76CH00016] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant Nos. CHE-0415421 and CHE-0650453. The CAMD is supported by the Louisiana Board of Regents. The NSLS is supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH00016. We thank Neil M. Boag for synthesizing samples of Cu(CNdpm)2 and acknowledge the technical assistance of Ihor Ketsman and a number of helpful discussions with Neil Boag, Ihor Ketsman, and Evgeny Tsymbal. NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 35 BP 13656 EP 13662 DI 10.1021/jp804251b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 342RH UT WOS:000258800700055 ER PT J AU Lu, DH Yi, M Mo, SK Erickson, AS Analytis, J Chu, JH Singh, DJ Hussain, Z Geballe, TH Fisher, IR Shen, ZX AF Lu, D. H. Yi, M. Mo, S. -K. Erickson, A. S. Analytis, J. Chu, J. -H. Singh, D. J. Hussain, Z. Geballe, T. H. Fisher, I. R. Shen, Z. -X. TI Electronic structure of the iron-based superconductor LaOFeP SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID 43 K; LAO1-XFXFEAS; COMPOUND AB The recent discovery of superconductivity in the iron oxypnictide family of compounds(1-9) has generated intense interest. The layered crystal structure with transition- metal ions in planar square- lattice form and the discovery of spin- density- wave order near 130 K ( refs 10, 11) seem to hint at a strong similarity with the copper oxide superconductors. An important current issue is the nature of the ground state of the parent compounds. Two distinct classes of theories, distinguished by the underlying band structure, have been put forward: a local- moment antiferromagnetic ground state in the strong- coupling approach(12-17), and an itinerant ground state in the weak- coupling approach(18-22). The first approach stresses on-site correlations, proximity to a Mott- insulating state and, thus, the resemblance to the high- transition- temperature copper oxides, whereas the second approach emphasizes the itinerant- electron physics and the interplay between the competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic fluctuations. The debate over the two approaches is partly due to the lack of conclusive experimental information on the electronic structures. Here we report angle- resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( ARPES) of LaOFeP ( superconducting transition temperature, T-c = 5.9 K), the first- reported iron- based superconductor(2). Our results favour the itinerant ground state, albeit with band renormalization. In addition, our data reveal important differences between these and copper- based superconductors. C1 [Lu, D. H.; Yi, M.; Mo, S. -K.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lu, D. H.; Yi, M.; Mo, S. -K.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lu, D. H.; Yi, M.; Mo, S. -K.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mo, S. -K.; Hussain, Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erickson, A. S.; Analytis, J.; Chu, J. -H.; Geballe, T. H.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Erickson, A. S.; Analytis, J.; Chu, J. -H.; Geballe, T. H.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shen, ZX (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dhlu@slac.stanford.edu; zxshen@stanford.edu RI Yi, Ming/E-3145-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013 OI Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514 FU Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering FX We thank C. Cox, S. M. Kauzlarich and H. Hope for single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements, and H. Yao, S. A. Kivelson, R. M. Martin, S. C. Zhang and X. L. Qi for discussions. ARPES experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source, which is operated by the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Science. Work at Stanford and Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. NR 29 TC 205 Z9 206 U1 5 U2 85 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7209 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1038/nature07263 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 343XS UT WOS:000258890200040 PM 18769435 ER PT J AU Vazquez-Jauregui, E Engelfried, J Akgun, U Alkhazov, G Amaro-Reyes, J Atamantchouk, AG Ayan, AS Balatz, MY Blanco-Covarrubias, A Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AMF Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Estrada, N Evdokimov, AV Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Guelmez, E Kangling, H Iori, M Jun, SY Kaya, M Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AP Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, VP Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lache, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Yunshan, L Lopez-Hinojosa, G Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Mao, CS Mao, ZL Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Moinester, MA Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, SV Pogodin, P Procario, M Prutskoi, VA Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmysiovich, BV Rud, VI Russ, J Sanchez-Lopez, JL Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Torres, I Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Zhao, WH Zheng, SC Zukanovich-Funchal, R AF Vazquez-Jauregui, E. Engelfried, J. Akgun, U. Alkhazov, G. Amaro-Reyes, J. Atamantchouk, A. G. Ayan, A. S. Balatz, M. Y. Blanco-Covarrubias, A. Bondar, N. F. Cooper, P. S. Dauwe, L. J. Davidenko, G. V. Dersch, U. Dolgolenko, A. G. Dzyubenko, G. B. Edelstein, R. Emediato, L. Endler, A. M. F. Eschrich, I. Escobar, C. O. Estrada, N. Evdokimov, A. V. Filimonov, I. S. Garcia, F. G. Gaspero, M. Giller, I. Golovtsov, V. L. Gouffon, P. Guelmez, E. Kangling, He Iori, M. Jun, S. Y. Kaya, M. Kilmer, J. Kim, V. T. Kochenda, L. M. Konorov, I. Kozhevnikov, A. P. Krivshich, A. G. Krueger, H. Kubantsev, M. A. Kubarovsky, V. P. Kulyavtsev, A. I. Kuropatkin, N. P. Kurshetsov, V. F. Kushnirenko, A. Kwan, S. Lache, J. Lamberto, A. Landsberg, L. G. Larin, I. Leikin, E. M. Yunshan, Li Lopez-Hinojosa, G. Luksys, M. Lungov, T. Maleev, V. P. Mao, D. Mao Chensheng Mao Zhenlin Mathew, P. Mattson, M. Matveev, V. McCliment, E. Moinester, M. A. Molchanov, V. V. Morelos, A. Nelson, K. D. Nemitkin, A. V. Neoustroev, P. V. Newsom, C. Nilov, A. P. Nurushev, S. B. Ocherashvili, A. Onel, Y. Ozel, E. Ozkorucuklu, S. Penzo, A. Petrenko, S. V. Pogodin, P. Procario, M. Prutskoi, V. A. Ramberg, E. Rappazzo, G. F. Razmysiovich, B. V. Rud, V. I. Russ, J. Sanchez-Lopez, J. L. Schiavon, P. Simon, J. Sitnikov, A. I. Skow, D. Smith, V. J. Srivastava, M. Steiner, V. Stepanov, V. Stutte, L. Svoiski, M. Terentyev, N. K. Thomas, G. P. Torres, I. Uvarov, L. N. Vasiliev, A. N. Vavilov, D. V. Verebryusov, V. S. Victorov, V. A. Vishnyakov, V. E. Vorobyov, A. A. Vorwalter, K. You, J. Zhao Wenheng Zheng Shuchen Zukanovich-Funchal, R. CA SELEX Collaboration TI First observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed decays Xi(+)(c)->Sigma(+)pi(-)pi(+) and Xi(+)(c)->Sigma(-)pi(+)pi(+) and measurement of their branching ratios SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LAMBDA-C; XI(+)(C); MESONS; BARYON AB We report the first observation of two Cabibbo-suppressed ecay modes, Xi(+)(c) -> Sigma(+)pi(-)pi(+) and Xi c+ -> Sigma(-)pi(+)pi(+). We observe 59 +/- 14 over a background of 87, and 22 +/- 8 over a background of 13 events, respectively, for the signals. The data were accumulated using the SELEX spectrometer during the 1996-1997 fixed target run at Fermilab, chiefly from a 600 Gev/c Sigma(-) beam. The branching ratios of the decays relative to the Cabibbo-favored Xi c+ -> Xi(-)pi(+)pi(+) are measured to be B(Xi(+)(c) -> Sigma(+)pi(-)pi(+))/B(Xi(+)(c) -> Xi(-)pi(+)pi(+)) = 0.48 +/- 0.20, and B(Xi(+)(c) -> Sigma(-)pi(+)pi(+))/B(Xi(+)(c) -> Sigma(-)pi(+)pi(+)) = 0.18 +/- 0.09, respectively. We also report branching ratios for the same decay modes of the Delta(+)(c) relative to Delta(+)(c) -> pK(-)pi(+.) (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vazquez-Jauregui, E.; Engelfried, J.; Amaro-Reyes, J.; Blanco-Covarrubias, A.; Estrada, N.; Lopez-Hinojosa, G.; Morelos, A.; Sanchez-Lopez, J. L.; Torres, I.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Thomas, G. P.] Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Guelmez, E.] Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. [Edelstein, R.; Jun, S. Y.; Kulyavtsev, A. I.; Kushnirenko, A.; Mao, D.; Mathew, P.; Mattson, M.; Procario, M.; Russ, J.; Terentyev, N. K.; You, J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Endler, A. M. F.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Cooper, P. S.; Garcia, F. G.; Kilmer, J.; Kulyavtsev, A. I.; Kuropatkin, N. P.; Kwan, S.; Lache, J.; Ramberg, E.; Skow, D.; Stutte, L.; You, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kozhevnikov, A. P.; Kubarovsky, V. P.; Kurshetsov, V. F.; Kushnirenko, A.; Landsberg, L. G.; Molchanov, V. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Petrenko, S. V.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vavilov, D. V.; Victorov, V. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Balatz, M. Y.; Davidenko, G. V.; Dolgolenko, A. G.; Dzyubenko, G. B.; Evdokimov, A. V.; Kubantsev, M. A.; Larin, I.; Matveev, V.; Nilov, A. P.; Prutskoi, V. A.; Sitnikov, A. I.; Verebryusov, V. S.; Vishnyakov, V. E.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Dersch, U.; Eschrich, I.; Konorov, I.; Krueger, H.; Simon, J.; Vorwalter, K.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Filimonov, I. S.; Leikin, E. M.; Rud, V. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Alkhazov, G.; Atamantchouk, A. G.; Bondar, N. F.; Golovtsov, V. L.; Kim, V. T.; Kochenda, L. M.; Krivshich, A. G.; Maleev, V. P.; Neoustroev, P. V.; Razmysiovich, B. V.; Stepanov, V.; Svoiski, M.; Terentyev, N. K.; Uvarov, L. N.; Vorobyov, A. A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Giller, I.; Moinester, M. A.; Ocherashvili, A.; Steiner, V.] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Luksys, M.] Univ Fed Paraiba, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. [Smith, V. J.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Akgun, U.; Ayan, A. S.; Kaya, M.; McCliment, E.; Newsom, C.; Onel, Y.; Ozel, E.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Pogodin, P.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Dauwe, L. J.] Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 48502 USA. [Gaspero, M.; Iori, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Gaspero, M.; Iori, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Emediato, L.; Escobar, C. O.; Garcia, F. G.; Gouffon, P.; Lungov, T.; Srivastava, M.; Zukanovich-Funchal, R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Lamberto, A.; Penzo, A.; Rappazzo, G. F.; Schiavon, P.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Lamberto, A.; Penzo, A.; Rappazzo, G. F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. RP Engelfried, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. EM jurgen@ifisica.uaslp.mx RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; FU Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Fondo de Apoyo a la Investigacion (UASLP); Fundac ao de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Israel Science Foundation; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleate (INFN); International Science Foundation (ISF); National Science Foundation [9602178]; NATO [CR6.941058-1360/94]; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [05-02-17869]; Secretaria de Educacion Publica (Mexico) [2003-24-001-026]; Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Board (TUBITAK); US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-91ER40664, DE-AC02-76CHO3000] FX The authors are indebted to the staff of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and for invaluable technical support from the staffs of collaborating institutions. This project was supported in part by Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Fondo de Apoyo a la Investigacion (UASLP), Fundac ao de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), the Israel Science Foundation founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleate (INFN), the International Science Foundation (ISF), the National Science Foundation (Phy #9602178), NATO (grant CR6.941058-1360/94), the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 05-02-17869), the Secretaria de Educacion Publica (Mexico) (grant number 2003-24-001-026), the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Board (TUBITAK), and the US Department of Energy (DOE grant DE-FG02-91ER40664 and DOE contract number DE-AC02-76CHO3000). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.072 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 356JH UT WOS:000259774000003 ER PT J AU Ota, S Shimoura, S Iwasaki, H Kurokawa, M Michimasa, S Aoi, N Baba, H Demichi, K Elekes, Z Fukuchi, T Gomi, T Kanno, S Kubono, S Kurita, K Hasegawa, H Ideguchi, E Iwasa, N Matsuyama, YU Yurkewicz, KL Minemura, T Motobayashi, T Murakami, T Notani, M Odahara, A Saito, A Sakurai, H Takeshita, E Takeuchi, S Tamaki, M Teranishi, T Yanagisawa, Y Yamada, K Ishihara, M AF Ota, S. Shimoura, S. Iwasaki, H. Kurokawa, M. Michimasa, S. Aoi, N. Baba, H. Demichi, K. Elekes, Z. Fukuchi, T. Gomi, T. Kanno, S. Kubono, S. Kurita, K. Hasegawa, H. Ideguchi, E. Iwasa, N. Matsuyama, Y. U. Yurkewicz, K. L. Minemura, T. Motobayashi, T. Murakami, T. Notani, M. Odahara, A. Saito, A. Sakurai, H. Takeshita, E. Takeuchi, S. Tamaki, M. Teranishi, T. Yanagisawa, Y. Yamada, K. Ishihara, M. TI Low-lying proton intruder state in B-13 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE intruder state; proton single particle state; proton transfer reaction; He-4(Be-12, B-13 gamma) ID REACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; GE DETECTORS; BE-12; TARGETS; NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; RIKEN; LINE AB The neutron-rich nucleus B-13 was studied via the proton transfer reaction He-4(Be-12, B-13 gamma) at 50 AMeV. The known 4.83-MeV excited state was strongly populated and its spin and parity were assigned to 1/2(+) by comparing the angular differential cross section data with DWBA calculations. This low-lying 1/2(+) state is interpreted as a proton intruder state and indicates a deformation of the nucleus. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ota, S.; Shimoura, S.; Michimasa, S.; Kubono, S.; Ideguchi, E.; Tamaki, M.] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Iwasaki, H.; Saito, A.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kurokawa, M.; Aoi, N.; Baba, H.; Fukuchi, T.; Gomi, T.; Kanno, S.; Minemura, T.; Motobayashi, T.; Sakurai, H.; Takeshita, E.; Takeuchi, S.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Yamada, K.; Ishihara, M.] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Demichi, K.; Kurita, K.; Hasegawa, H.; Matsuyama, Y. U.] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. [Elekes, Z.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Iwasa, N.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Yurkewicz, K. L.] Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Murakami, T.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Notani, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Odahara, A.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Teranishi, T.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Ota, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM ota@cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Teranishi, Takashi/D-2166-2012; Shimoura, Susumu/E-8692-2012; Elekes, Zoltan/J-4531-2012; SAKURAI, HIROYOSHI/G-5085-2014; Takeuchi, Satoshi/O-1529-2016; Fukuchi, Tomonori/D-3855-2017; OI Shimoura, Susumu/0000-0003-4741-2865; Fukuchi, Tomonori/0000-0003-3566-9954; Elekes, Zoltan/0000-0003-0571-8719 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [15204018] FX We would like to thank the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron staff members for their operation during the experiment. The present work was partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 15204018) by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 4 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.081 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 356JH UT WOS:000259774000005 ER PT J AU Bai, Y AF Bai, Yang TI Mini little Higgs and dark matter SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MIXING ANGLE; SYMMETRY; WEAK AB We construct a little Higgs model with the most minimal extension of the standard model gauge group by an extra U(1) gauge symmetry. For specific charge assignments of scalars, an approximate U(3) global symmetry appears in the cutoff-squared scalar mass terms generated from gauge bosons at one-loop level. Hence, the Higgs boson, identified as a pseudo-Goldstone boson of the broken global symmetry. has its mass radiatively protected up to scales of 5-10 TeV. In this model, a Z(2) symmetry, ensuring the two U(1) gauge groups to be identical, also makes the extra massive neutral gauge boson stable and a viable dark matter candidate with a promising prospect of direct detection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bai@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; US Department of Energy FX We thank B. Dobrescu, Z. Han, R. Hill, J. Hubisz, K. Kong Lykken and R. Mahbubani for useful discussions. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 4 BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.082 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 356JH UT WOS:000259774000009 ER PT J AU Curtright, TL Fairlie, DB Zachos, CK AF Curtright, Thomas L. Fairlie, David B. Zachos, Cosmas K. TI Ternary Virasoro-Witt algebra SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LIE-ALGEBRAS AB A 3-bracket variant of the Virasoro-Witt algebra is constructed through the use of su(1, 1) enveloping algebra techniques. The Leibniz rules for 3-brackets acting on other 3-brackets in the algebra are discussed and verified in various situations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Curtright, Thomas L.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Fairlie, David B.] Univ Durham, Dept Math Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Zachos, Cosmas K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curtright, TL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM curtright@miami.edu; david.fairlie@durham.ac.uk; zachos@anl.gov RI zachos, cosmas/C-4366-2014; Curtright, Thomas/B-6840-2015; OI zachos, cosmas/0000-0003-4379-3875; Curtright, Thomas/0000-0001-7031-5604 FU NSF Award [0555603]; US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by NSF Award 0555603 and by the US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 666 IS 4 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.06.060 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 356JH UT WOS:000259774000021 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Lee, JCW Leung, W Li, M Constant, K Chan, CT Ho, KM AF Lee, Jae-Hwang Lee, Jeffrey Chi Wai Leung, Wai Li, Ming Constant, Kristen Chan, Che Ting Ho, Kai-Ming TI Polarization engineering of thermal radiation using metallic photonic crystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; LIGHT; TUNGSTEN AB Polarization engineering in thermal radiation is demonstrated by use of metallic photonic crystals, which enhance thermal radiation at specific frequencies with a high degree of polarization up to 0.5. The strong absorption induced by greatly reduced group velocity for a certain polarization is the underlying physical reason for this phenomenon. C1 [Lee, Jae-Hwang; Leung, Wai; Li, Ming; Constant, Kristen; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lee, Jae-Hwang; Leung, Wai; Li, Ming; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lee, Jeffrey Chi Wai; Chan, Che Ting] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Constant, Kristen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ho, KM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kmh@ameslab.gov RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 FU Director for Energy Research; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; HKRGC [600403] FX This work is supported by the Director for Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. J.C.W.L. and C.TC. acknowledge support from HKRGC grant No. 600403. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17 BP 3244 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200703160 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 348IY UT WOS:000259205400009 ER PT J AU Wang, K Chen, JJ Zhou, WL Zhang, Y Yan, YF Pern, J Mascarenhas, A AF Wang, Kai Chen, Jiajun Zhou, Weilie Zhang, Yong Yan, Yanfa Pern, John Mascarenhas, Angelo TI Direct growth of highly mismatched type IIZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowire arrays on transparent conducting oxide substrates for solar cell applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANOCRYSTALS; EMISSION; DEVICES; ENERGY AB Large-area, well-aligned ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowire arrays are synthesized directly on a transparent conducting oxide substrate. HRTEM reveals that ZnO and ZnSe have wurtzite and zinc blend crystal structures, respectively (see figure), the interface is smooth with no transitional layer, and ZnSe grows epitaxially on the ZnO core. C1 [Wang, Kai; Chen, Jiajun; Zhou, Weilie] Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Zhang, Yong; Yan, Yanfa; Pern, John; Mascarenhas, Angelo] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Zhou, WL (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM wzhou@uno.edu; yong_zhang@nrel.gov RI Wang, Kai/H-4361-2011; Chen, Jiajun/A-9200-2011 OI Wang, Kai/0000-0002-6405-7837; Chen, Jiajun/0000-0002-6550-0343 FU DARPA [HR0011-07-1-0032, LEQSF (2008-11)-RD-B-10]; NREL LDRD; U.S. DOE/OS/BES [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX The work performed at UNO was supported by the DARPA grant no. HR0011-07-1-0032 through the AMRI and Louisiana Board of Regents contract no. LEQSF (2008-11)-RD-B-10. The work at NREL was supported by NREL LDRD and U.S. DOE/OS/BES, under contract no. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the authors. NR 29 TC 202 Z9 206 U1 10 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17 BP 3248 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200800145 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 348IY UT WOS:000259205400010 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Zhao, YS Zha, CS Xue, Q Downs, RT Duan, RG Caracas, R Liao, XZ AF Wang, Zhongwu Zhao, Yusheng Zha, Chang-Sheng Xue, Qing Downs, Robert T. Duan, Ren-Guan Caracas, Razvan Liao, Xiaozhou TI X-ray induced synthesis of 8H diamond SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL DIAMOND; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SIC POLYTYPES; CRYSTALLINE; GROWTH; FILMS; PRESSURE AB The 8H diamond synthesized by X-ray radiation has a hexagonal unit cell [P63/mmc (#194)] with 16 carbon atoms in the unit cell and can be described as 75% cubic diamond (3C) and 25% lonsdaleite (2H). The stability of 8H diamond is confirmed by first-principles calculations. C1 [Wang, Zhongwu] Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Zhongwu; Zhao, Yusheng; Xue, Qing; Duan, Ren-Guan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zha, Chang-Sheng; Caracas, Razvan] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Xue, Qing] Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. [Downs, Robert T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Duan, Ren-Guan] Appl Mat Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Caracas, Razvan] Univ Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, CNRS,UMR5570, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Liao, Xiaozhou] Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zw42@cornell.edu RI Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Caracas, Razvan/C-8115-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; FU Department of Energy; CDAC center; National Science Foundation [DMR-0225180]; NIH-NIGMS FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy through Los Alamos National Laboratory and CDAC center. CHESS is supported by the National Science Foundation and NIH-NIGMS via NSF grant DMR-0225180. Special thanks go to Ms. Morgan Fillips for editorial assistance. We appreciate the reading, discussion and comments of Russell Hemley at Geophysical laboratory, Sol Gruner, Quan Hao and Don Bilderback at Cornell University, and Qun Shen at Argonne National Laboratory. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17 BP 3303 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200800052 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 348IY UT WOS:000259205400021 ER PT J AU Wang, WG Davis, KJ AF Wang, Weiguo Davis, Kenneth J. TI A numerical study of the influence of a clearcut on eddy-covariance fluxes of CO2 measured above a forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE clearcut; eddy-covariance flux; footprint; heterogeneous flow; large-eddy simulation ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; IMBALANCE PROBLEM; ENERGY IMBALANCE; FOOTPRINT MODEL; SURFACE FLUXES; TALL TOWER; SIMULATION; LES AB We have compared the contributions of unit source fluxes over a clearcut area in a forest and over the contiguous forested area to the eddy-covariance (EC) flux of CO2 measured at a tall tower standing in the center of the clearcut under daytime convective conditions. Based on the comparison, the clearcut influence on EC flux measurements is evaluated from the footprint (or source area) perspective. The large-eddy simulation (LES) technique is used to simulate the bottom-up dispersion of two conservative and passive tracers that are released from the clearcut and from the forested area, respectively. Time series of LES-generated vertical velocity and mixing ratios of both tracers at all the levels are recorded every model time step at the tower location during the last hour of each LES run; this somewhat mimics real EC flux measurements at the tower. The contribution of the unit surface flux over the clearcut relative to that over the forested area decreases with increasing measurement height, decreasing convective boundary layer depth, increasing atmospheric stability, and decreasing size of the clearcut. These results are fitted to an empirical relation and used to evaluate flux measurements at the 447-m tall tower in Wisconsin, USA. The contribution of the unit flux over the clearcut to the EC flux measured at the 30-m level of the tower is larger than 50% of that over the forested area under most unstable conditions, while smaller than 2.5% at the 396-m level. Existing analytical footprint models underestimate the clearcut influence because effects of clearcut-induced heterogeneity of the turbulent flow are not taken into account. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Weiguo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, Weiguo; Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wang_wg@yahoo.com RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Division Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group FX WLEF carbon dioxide mixing ratio measurement, site infrastructure and maintenance are supported by the staff of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Division Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group. We thank Dr. G. H. Bryan from NCAR who provided the source codes. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 10 BP 1488 EP 1500 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.05.009 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 355BL UT WOS:000259683600010 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Cole, DR Dai, S Pawel, MD Liang, CD Jenkins, T Gasparovic, G Kintzel, E AF Mamontov, E. Cole, D. R. Dai, S. Pawel, M. D. Liang, C. D. Jenkins, T. Gasparovic, G. Kintzel, E. TI Dynamics of water in LiCl and CaCl2 aqueous solutions confined in silica matrices: A backscattering neutron spectroscopy study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE water; confinement; dynamics; neutron scattering ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; SOL-GEL MODIFICATION; HYDRATION-WATER; SUPERCOOLED WATER; PROTON DYNAMICS; IONIC SOLUTION; POROUS SILICA; SCATTERING; TIO2; SURFACE AB Backscattering neutron spectroscopy was used to probe the dynamics of water molecules in LiCl and CaCl2 aqueous solutions confined in 2.7, 1.9, and 1.4 nm diameter pores of various silica matrices. The pore size of 2.7 nm was found to be sufficiently large for the confined liquids to exhibit characteristic traits of bulk behavior, such as a freezing-melting transition and a phase separation. On the other hand, none of the fluids in the 1.4 nm pores exhibited a clear freezing-melting transition; instead, their dynamics at low temperatures gradually became too slow for the nanosecond resolution of the experiment. The greatest suppression of water mobility was observed in the CaCl2 solutions, which suggests that cation charge and perhaps the cation hydration environment have a profound influence on the dynamics of the water molecules. Quasielastic neutron scattering measurements of pure H2O and 1 m LiCl-H2O solution confined in 1.9 nm pores revealed a dynamic transition in both liquids at practically the same temperature of 225-226 K, even though the dynamics of the solution at room temperature appeared to slow down by more than an order of magnitude compared to the pure water. The observation of the dynamic transition in the solution suggests that this transition may be a universal feature of water governed by processes acting on the local scale, such as a change in the hydrogen bonding. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mamontov, E.; Kintzel, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cole, D. R.; Dai, S.; Liang, C. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pawel, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jenkins, T.; Gasparovic, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jenkins, T.; Gasparovic, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mainontove@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Pawel, Michelle/Q-2729-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Pawel, Michelle/0000-0003-0244-6703; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program [32112192]; DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences,; Division of Chemical Sciences; Geosciences and Biosciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX The authors are thankful to M. Zamponi and J. Rosenqvist for critical reading of the manuscript. This work utilized NCNR neutron scattering facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The synthesis and characterization of the porous silicates were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work was sponsored in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (project 32112192) and by DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725. Cetain commerical equipment, instruments, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 352 IS 1-3 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.05.019 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 351YY UT WOS:000259463200015 ER PT J AU Ishikubo, A Mays, J Tirrell, M AF Ishikubo, Akira Mays, Jimmy Tirrell, Matthew TI Behavior of cationic surfactants in poly(styrene sulfonate) brushes SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Structures and Dynamics of Complex Systems CY AUG 29-31, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Indian Natl Sci Acad, Inst Chem Engineers, Royal Acad Engn, Unilever ID OPPOSITELY CHARGED SURFACTANTS; SPHERICAL POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; AMPHIPHILIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SODIUM POLY(STYRENESULFONATE); ALKYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM SURFACTANTS; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; FORCE MEASUREMENTS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING AB The adsorption behavior of a cationic surfactant (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) in a sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS) brush in the presence of I mM NaNO3 was investigated by ellipsometry. The interactions between surfactants and brush chains determined from these results are compared with data from other types of experiments on similar systems. Four adsorption regimes were found, including regimes dominated by electrostatic interactions and by hydrophobic interactions. As the concentration of the surfactant increased from zero in the bulk solution surrounding the PSS brush, (1) surfactant monomers replaced Na+ ions reversibly, in a manner analogous to ion exchange, until (the ratio of the number of bound surfactants to the total number of negatively charged monomers of PSS) reached 0.2-0.3 (1 X 10(-6) M CTAB), (2) surfactants in the brushes interacted with each other hydrophobically, making adsorption irreversible and producing contraction of the brush (0.3 < beta < 0.4), (3) the rate of adsorption increase was suppressed, by the squeezing out of available volume in the shrinking brush (beta = 0.4), (4) additional uptake of surfactants took place above 1 x 10(-4) M CTAB in bulk solution (still I order of magnitude lower than the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of CTAB), because of the hydrophobic aggregation of surfactants on surfactant-polyelectrolyte complexes in the brushes. The overall conclusion and insight gained from this work is that surfactants are taken up, even at micromolar concentrations, extensively and in a nonlinear, cooperative fashion, in polyelectrolyte brushes. These data imply that the properties expected from highly hydrated polyelectrolyte brushes (steric protection, lubricity) are strongly modified by the presence of oppositely charged surfactants. C1 [Ishikubo, Akira; Tirrell, Matthew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mays, Jimmy] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mays, Jimmy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ishikubo, Akira] Shiseido Res Ctr, Tsuzuki Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2248558, Japan. RP Tirrell, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM tirrell@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 17 BP 6426 EP 6433 DI 10.1021/ie800004w PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 342IL UT WOS:000258777700015 ER PT J AU Brown, DJ Whitaker, R Kennett, BLN Tarlowski, C AF Brown, David J. Whitaker, Rodney Kennett, Brian L. N. Tarlowski, Chris TI Automatic infrasonic signal detection using the Hough transform SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LOCATION; WAVES AB The Hough transform is a mathematical device that allows the retrieval of parametric curve information from binary-pixelated data in the presence of noise. This slope-intercept transform maps each point in the image space S into a straight line in parameter space P and has the very useful property that all points in S that lie along the same straight-line map to the same number of straight lines in P with a common intersection point. Thus with a suitable counting procedure, the problem of extended straight-line detection in noisy pixelated data becomes one of local peak finding, a problem that may be substantially more tractable. In this study, an algorithm that utilizes the Hough transform for the detection of signals in International Monitoring System style infrasonic array data by seeking periods of constant backazimuth that are associated with coherent acoustic signals is described. A system of synthetic signal implants is used to assess the performance of the detection algorithm by generating a set of pseudo Receiver Operator Characteristic curves. A feature of the detection algorithm is the ability to accommodate full three-dimensional array geometry. C1 [Brown, David J.] CTBTO Preparatory Commiss Provis Tech Secretariat, Int Data Ctr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Kennett, Brian L. N.; Tarlowski, Chris] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Whitaker, Rodney] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brown, David J.] Geosci Australia, Nucl Monitoring Geospatial Earth Monitoring Div, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Brown, DJ (reprint author), CTBTO Preparatory Commiss Provis Tech Secretariat, Int Data Ctr, POB 1200, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM djb_qwerty@hotmail.com OI Kennett, Brian/0000-0003-2206-5350 FU Research School of Earth Sciences; Australian National University; CTBTO [02-2-20-049] FX This work was commenced while the lead author was a Research Fellow at the Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, under CTBTO contract 02-2-20-049. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D17 AR D17105 DI 10.1029/2008JD009822 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345MF UT WOS:000259000200005 ER PT J AU Fallon, SJ Guilderson, TP AF Fallon, Stewart J. Guilderson, Thomas P. TI Surface water processes in the Indonesian throughflow as documented by a high-resolution coral Delta (14)C record SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; BANDED CORALS; PACIFIC; RADIOCARBON; SEAS; THERMOCLINE; EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; STRAIT AB To explore the seasonal to decadal variability in surface water masses that contribute to the Indonesian throughflow, we have generated a 115-year bimonthly coral-based radiocarbon time series from a coral in the Makassar Straits. In the pre-bomb (pre-1955) era from 1890 to 1954, the radiocarbon time series occasionally displays a small seasonal signal (10-15%). After 1954 the radiocarbon record increases rapidly, in response to the increased atmospheric 14 C content caused by nuclear weapons testing. From 1957 to 1986 the record displays clear seasonal variability from 15 to 60% and the post-bomb peak (163 per mil) occurred in 1974. The seasonal cycle of radiocarbon can be attributed to variations of surface waters passing through the South Makassar Strait. Southern Makassar is under the influence of the Northwest Monsoon, which is responsible for the high austral summer radiocarbon (North Pacific waters) and the Southeast Monsoon that flushes back a mixture of low (South Pacific and upwelling altered) radiocarbon water from the Banda Sea. The coral record also shows a significant (14)C peak in 1955 due to the bomb-(14)C water advected into this region from nuclear weapons tests in the Marshall Islands in 1954. C1 [Fallon, Stewart J.; Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Fallon, SJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Mills Rd, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM stewart.fallon@anu.edu.au RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903 FU U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; UC/LLNL LDRD [01-ERI-009] FX We thank Chris Charles and Michael Moore for access to the Langkai coral samples and, at the time, unpublished data. Paula Zermeno, Dot Kurdyla, and Sam Heller assisted in the graphite lab pressing graphite targets. Special thanks to Dave Mucciarone and Rob Dunbar for allowing us to analyze stable isotopes at Stanford University. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract W-7405-Eng-48. Funding for this project was supplied by UC/LLNL LDRD 01-ERI-009 to T. G. Data will be archived at WDC-A, Boulder CO. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C9 AR C09001 DI 10.1029/2008JC004722 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 345MV UT WOS:000259001800003 ER PT J AU Furukawa, H Kim, J Ockwig, NW O'Keeffe, M Yaghi, OM AF Furukawa, Hiroyasu Kim, Jaheon Ockwig, Nathan W. O'Keeffe, Michael Yaghi, Omar M. TI Control of vertex geometry, structure dimensionality, functionality, and pore metrics in the reticular synthesis of crystalline metal-organic frameworks and polyhedra SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; HYDROGEN UPTAKE; GAS SORPTION; SURFACE-AREA; DESIGN; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; UNITS; STORAGE AB Metal-organic polyhedra and frameworks (MOPS and MOFs) were prepared by linking square units M(2)(CO(2))(4) (M = Cu and Zn) with a variety of organic linkers designed to control the dimensionality (periodicity) and topology of the resulting structures. We describe the preparation, characterization, and crystal structures of 5 new MOPS and 11 new MOFs (termed MOP-14, -15, -17, -23, -24 and MOF-114, -115, -116, -117, -118, -119, -222, -601, -602, -603, -604) and show how their structures are related to the shape and functionality of the building blocks. The gas uptake behaviors of MOP-23 and MOF-601 to -603 are also presented as evidence that these structures have permanent porosity and rigid architectures. C1 [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Reticular Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kim, Jaheon] Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 156743, South Korea. [Ockwig, Nathan W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Furukawa, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Reticular Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM furukawa@chem.ucla.edu; yaghi@chem.ucla.edu RI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/C-5910-2008; OI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/0000-0002-6082-1738; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325 FU U.S. Departrnent of Energy [DE-FG36-05GO15001, DE-FG02-08ER15935]; BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany); Korea Research Foundation [KRF 2003-070-CO0029] FX We are grateful to Prof. N. Jeong and Dr. K. S. Jeong for supplying the H2S,S-DMEDBA link, Prof. H. K. Chae for synthesis of MOF-222, and Dr. J. L. C. Rowsell for his help in single-crystal X-ray structure collection and analysis of MOF-222. This work Was Supported by the U.S. Departrnent of Energy (DE-FG36-05GO15001 and DE-FG02-08ER15935) and BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). J.K. thanks the Korea Research Foundation for Grant KRF 2003-070-CO0029. NR 58 TC 332 Z9 335 U1 27 U2 160 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 35 BP 11650 EP 11661 DI 10.1021/ja803783c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 342NY UT WOS:000258792000032 PM 18693690 ER PT J AU Celestian, AJ Kubicki, JD Hanson, J Clearfield, A Parise, JB AF Celestian, Aaron J. Kubicki, James D. Hanson, Jonathon Clearfield, Abraham Parise, John B. TI The mechanism responsible for extraordinary Cs ion selectivity in crystalline silicotitanate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; SODIUM TITANIUM SILICATE; EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; POROUS TITANOSILICATE; SITINAKITE TOPOLOGY; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; CESIUM REMOVAL; STRONTIUM; K+ AB Combining information from time-resolved X-ray and neutron scattering with theoretical calculations has revealed the elegant mechanism whereby hydrogen crystalline silicotitanate (H-CST; H(2)Ti(2)SiO(7)center dot 1.5H(2)O) achieves its remarkable ion-exchange selectivity for cesium. Rather than a simple ion-for-ion displacement reaction into favorable sites, which has been suggested by static structural studies of ion-exchanged variants of CST, Cs(+) exchange proceeds via a two-step process mediated by conformational changes in the framework. Similar to the case of ion channels in proteins, occupancy of the most favorable site does not occur until the first lever, cooperative repulsive interactions between water and the initial Cs-exchange site, repels a hydrogen lever on the silicotitanate framework. Here we show that these interactions induce a subtle conformational rearrangement in CST that unlocks the preferred Cs site and increases the overall capacity and selectivity for ion exchange. C1 [Celestian, Aaron J.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Ctr Mat Characterizat, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Kubicki, James D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hanson, Jonathon] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Clearfield, Abraham] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Parise, John B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Parise, John B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Celestian, AJ (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Ctr Mat Characterizat, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM aaron.celestian@wku.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Clearfield, Abraham/D-4184-2015; Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Clearfield, Abraham/0000-0001-8318-8122; Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 FU Center for Environmental and Materials Sciences (CEMS) [NSF-CHE-0221934]; the Department of Energy [DE-FG07-OIER63300]; Westinghouse Savannah River Technology Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CHI0886]; Materials Simulation Center; MRI facility at Penn State; Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis (CEKA); NSF/DOE Environmental Molecular Sciences Institute; [NSF-DMR-0800415] FX Support for this work was provided by the Center for Environmental and Materials Sciences (CEMS) funded through Grant NSF-CHE-0221934, and the work was also funded through NSF-DMR-0800415, the Department of Energy through DE-FG07-OIER63300, and Westinghouse Savannah River Technology Center. Research was carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CHI0886. Computation was supported in part by the Materials Simulation Center, an MRSEC and MRI facility at Penn State, and the Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis (CEKA), an NSF/DOE Environmental Molecular Sciences Institute. NR 48 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 35 BP 11689 EP 11694 DI 10.1021/ja801134a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 342NY UT WOS:000258792000035 PM 18683931 ER PT J AU Scheck, RA Dedeo, MT Lavarone, AT Francis, MB AF Scheck, Rebecca A. Dedeo, Michel T. Lavarone, Anthony T. Francis, Matthew B. TI Optimization of a biomimetic transamination reaction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PICTET-SPENGLER REACTION; N-TERMINAL MODIFICATION; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; AMINO-ACIDS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; PEPTIDES; LIGATION; BIOCONJUGATION; MECHANISMS AB For a range of protein substrates, N-terminal transamination offers a convenient way to install a reactive ketone or aldehyde functional group at a single location. We report herein the effects of the identity of N-terminal residues on the product distribution generated upon reaction with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). This study was accomplished through the combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis with detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Many N-terminal amino acids provided high yields of the desired transaminated products, but some residues (His, Trp, Lys, and Pro) generated adducts with PLP itself. N-terminal Cys and Ser residues were observed to undergo beta-elimination in addition to transamination, and the transamination product of N-terminal Gln was resistant to subsequent oxime formation attempts. The information generated through the screening of peptide substrates was successfully applied to a protein target, changing an initially unreactive terminus into one that could be modified in high (70%) yield. Thus, these studies have increased our predictive power for the reaction, both in terms of improving conversion and suppressing reaction byproducts. An initial set of guidelines that may be used to increase the applicability of this reaction to specific proteins of interest is provided. C1 [Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem Mass Spectrometry Facil QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-765F00098]; National Institutes of Health [IS10RR02239301] FX This work was generously Supported by Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-765F00098. We also thank the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. The LC-MS instrumentation used in these Studies was acquired with Support from the National Institutes of Health (grant number IS10RR02239301.) We also thank Dante Romanini and members of the Bertozzi and Ellman and Muir laboratories for helpful conversations about peptide synthesis. NR 48 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 3 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 35 BP 11762 EP 11770 DI 10.1021/ja802495w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 342NY UT WOS:000258792000044 PM 18683929 ER PT J AU Chen, BW Lowry, DF Mayer, MU Squier, TC AF Chen, Baowei Lowry, David F. Mayer, M. Uljana Squier, Thomas C. TI Helix A stabilization precedes amino-terminal lobe activation upon calcium binding to calmodulin SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE CA-ATPASE; OPPOSING GLOBULAR DOMAINS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; RELEASE CHANNEL; N-DOMAIN; INTERDOMAIN INTERACTIONS; DEPENDENT ACTIVATION; TARGET PEPTIDES; SITE MUTANTS AB The structural coupling between opposing domains of CaM was investigated using the conformationally sensitive biarsenical probe 4,5-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)resorufin (ReAsH), which upon binding to an engineered tetracysteine motif near the end of helix A (Thr-5 to Phe-19) becomes highly fluorescent. Changes in conformation and dynamics are reflective of the native CaM structure, as there is no change in the (1)H-(15)N HSQC NMR spectrum in comparison to wild-type CaM. We find evidence of a conformational intermediate associated with CaM activation, where calcium occupancy of sites in the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal lobes of CaM differentially affect the fluorescence intensity of bound ReAsH. Insight into the structure of the conformational intermediate is possible from a consideration of calcium-dependent changes in rates of ReAsH binding and helix A mobility, which respectively distinguish secondary structural changes associated with helix A stabilization from the tertiary structural reorganization of the amino-terminal lobe of CaM necessary for high-affinity binding to target proteins. Helix A stabilization is associated with calcium occupancy of sites in the carboxyl-terminal lobe (K(d) = 0.36 +/- 0.04 mu M), which results in a reduction in the rate of ReAsH binding from 4900 M(-1) s(-1) to 370 M(-1) s(-1). In comparison, tertiary structural changes involving helix A and other structural elements in the amino-terminal lobe require calcium occupancy of amino-terminal sites (K(d) = 18 +/- 3 mu M). Observed secondary and tertiary structural changes involving helix A in response to the sequential calcium occupancy of carboxyl- and amino-terminal lobe calcium binding sites suggest an important involvement of helix A in mediating the structural coupling between the opposing domains of CaM. These results are discussed in terms of a model in which carboxyl-terminal lobe calcium activation induces secondary structural changes within the interdomain linker that release helix A, thereby facilitating the formation of calcium binding sites in the amino-terminal lobe and linked tertiary structural rearrangements to form a high-affinity binding cleft that can associate with target proteins. C1 [Chen, Baowei; Lowry, David F.; Mayer, M. Uljana; Squier, Thomas C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Squier, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.squier@pnl.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research at the U.S. Department of Energy [45701]; Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported by the Genomics:GTL program (45701) within the Office of Biological and Environmental Research at the U.S. Department of Energy. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 35 BP 9220 EP 9226 DI 10.1021/bi800566u PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 341NM UT WOS:000258721200019 PM 18690719 ER PT J AU Utschig, LM Chemerisov, SD Tiede, DM Poluektov, OG AF Utschig, Lisa M. Chemerisov, Sergey D. Tiede, David M. Poluektov, Oleg G. TI Electron paramagnetic resonance study of radiation damage in photosynthetic reaction center crystals SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; INDUCED STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CHARGE-SEPARATED STATE; Q(B) BINDING-SITE; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to simultaneously study radiation-induced cofactor reduction and damaging radical formation in single crystals of the bacterial reaction center (RC). Crystals of Fe-removed/Zn-replaced RC protein from Rhodobacter (R.)sphaeroides R26 were irradiated with varied radiation doses at cryogenic temperature and analyzed for radiation-induced free radical formation and alteration of light-induced photosynthetic electron transfer activity using high-field (HF) D-band (130 GHz) and X-band (9.5 GHz) EPR spectroscopies. These analyses show that the formation of radiation-induced free radicals saturated at doses 1 order of magnitude smaller than the amount of radiation at which protein crystals lose their diffraction quality, while light-induced RC activity was found to be lost at radiation doses at least 1 order of magnitude lower than the dose at which radiation-induced radicals exhibited saturation. HF D-band EPR spectra provide direct evidence for radiation-induced reduction of the quinones and possibly other cofactors. These results demonstrate that substantial radiation damage is likely to have occurred during X-ray diffraction data collection used for photosynthetic RC structure determination. Thus, both radiation-induced loss of photochemical activity in RC crystals and reduction of the quinones are important factors that must be considered when correlating spectroscopic and crystallographic measurements of quinone site structures. C1 [Utschig, Lisa M.; Chemerisov, Sergey D.; Tiede, David M.; Poluektov, Oleg G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poluektov, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oleg@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 35 BP 9251 EP 9257 DI 10.1021/bi800574e PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 341NM UT WOS:000258721200023 PM 18690706 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD Xie, YM Mertz, CJ Finck, MR Chen, HT Rosengart, AJ AF Kaminski, Michael D. Xie, Yumei Mertz, Carol J. Finck, Martha R. Chen, Haitao Rosengart, Axel J. TI Encapsulation and release of plasminogen activator from biodegradable magnetic microcarriers SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE tissue plasminogen activator; magnetism; biodegradable polymers; ultrasound; drug release ID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; DRUG-DELIVERY; STREPTOKINASE; THROMBOLYSIS; MICROSPHERES; ULTRASOUND; STROKE; MODEL AB There are a number of therapies available to recanalize occluded arteries. However, even though proven beneficial, these approaches are not without significant shortcomings. Previous research showed that by encapsulating therapeutic thrombolytic enzymes in liposomic formulations, the reperfusion times in vivo were significantly lower than for administration of free thrombolytic. Like liposomes, biodegradable, diblock polymers of poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) have been shown to have therapeutic benefit as delivery vehicles for a variety of drug delivery concepts. We report on new formulations based on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) encapsulated in magnetic, PLA-PEG microcarriers. We studied the tPA encapsulation efficiency, loading, and release after varying the molecular weight of polymer, carrier size, tPA solution composition, and use of ultrasound to enhance release. We loaded 3.3-9.4 wt% tPA and 12-17 wt% magnetite into the carriers, depending on the exact formulation. The release of tPA was complete 20 min after reconstitution. Ultrasound insonation failed to enhance tPA release rates in smaller carriers but significantly enhanced release in larger carriers. With these formulations, we should be able to achieve lytic concentrations if we can magnetically concentrate 5 mg of carrier within about 11 ml of blood volume near the clot. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nanoscale Engn Grp, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xie, Yumei; Chen, Haitao; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Neurocrit Care & Acute Stroke Program, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Xie, Yumei; Chen, Haitao; Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Neurocrit Care & Acute Stroke Program, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Neurocrit Care Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nanoscale Engn Grp, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaminski@cmt.anl.gov FU University of Chicago; University of Chicago Brain Research; Cancer Research Foundations, Chicago; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the University of Chicago, and The University of Chicago Brain Research and the Cancer Research Foundations, Chicago, and the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0987 J9 EUR J PHARM SCI JI Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.06.012 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 349VI UT WOS:000259311000011 PM 18644439 ER PT J AU LaBrosse, MR Shi, W Johnson, JK AF LaBrosse, Matthew R. Shi, Wei Johnson, J. Karl TI Adsorption of gases in carbon nanotubes: Are defect interstitial sites important? SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-WALLED CARBON; HYDROGEN STORAGE; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; HIPCO PROCESS; BUNDLES; METHANE; ENERGY; H-2; PHASES AB Molecular simulations are used to shed light on an ongoing controversy over where gases adsorb on single walled carbon nanotube bundles. We have performed simulations using models of carbon nanotube bundles composed of tubes of all the same diameter (homogeneous) and tubes of different diameters (heterogeneous). Simulation data are compared with experimental data in an effort to identify the best model for describing experimental data. Adsorption isotherms, isosteric heats of adsorption, and specific Surface areas have been computed for Ar, CH4, and Xe on closed, open. and partially opened homogeneous and heterogeneous nanotube bundles. Experimental data from nanotubes prepared from two different methods, electric arc and HiPco, were examined. Experimental adsorption isotherms and isosteric heats for nanotubes prepared by the electric arc method are in best agreement with simulations for heterogeneous bundles of closed nanotubes. Models including, adsorption in defect interstitial channels are required to achieve good agreement with experiments. Experimental isosteric heats and specific surface areas on HiPco nanotubes are best described by a model consisting of heterogeneous bundles with approximately 11% of the nanotubes opened. C1 [LaBrosse, Matthew R.; Johnson, J. Karl] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [LaBrosse, Matthew R.; Johnson, J. Karl] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Shi, Wei] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Johnson, JK (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM karlj@pitt.edu RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 79 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 17 BP 9430 EP 9439 DI 10.1021/la801051u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 341NV UT WOS:000258722100042 PM 18683959 ER PT J AU Deng, XY Verdaguer, A Herranz, T Weis, C Bluhm, H Salmeron, M AF Deng, Xingyi Verdaguer, Albert Herranz, Tirma Weis, Christoph Bluhm, Hendrik Salmeron, Miquel TI Surface chemistry of Cu in the presence of CO2 and H2O SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COPPER SURFACES; ACTIVE-SITE; IN-SITU; ADSORPTION; WATER; CATALYSTS AB Thechemical nature of copper and copper oxide (Cu2O) surfaces in the presence of CO2 and H2O at room temperature was investigated using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The studies reveal that in the presence of 0.1 torr CO2 several species form on the initially clean Cu, including carbonate CO32-, CO2 delta- and C-0, while no modifications occur on an oxidized Surface. The addition of 0.1 ML Zn to the Cu results in the complete conversion of CO2 delta- to carbonate. In a mixture of 0.1 torr H2O and 0.1 torr CO2, new species are formed, including hydroxyl, formate and methoxy. with H2O providing the hydrogen needed for the formation of hydrogenated species. C1 [Deng, Xingyi; Verdaguer, Albert; Herranz, Tirma; Weis, Christoph; Salmeron, Miquel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Bluhm, Hendrik] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Verdaguer, Albert/A-4303-2008; Herranz, Tirma/A-8656-2008; OI Verdaguer, Albert/0000-0002-4855-821X; Deng, Xingyi/0000-0001-9109-1443 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee [446541]; NANOS; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain; Ramon Areces Foundation FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division under the Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the Office of Naval Research through the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee under Contract No. 446541. A.V. acknowledges financial support from the NANOS postdoctoral program, Generalitat de Catalunya and the Ramon y Cajal Program of the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain. T.H. acknowledges the financial support from the Ramon Areces Foundation. NR 38 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 17 BP 9474 EP 9478 DI 10.1021/la8011052 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 341NV UT WOS:000258722100047 PM 18646877 ER PT J AU Worsley, MA Satcher, JH Baumann, TF AF Worsley, Marcus A. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Baumann, Theodore F. TI Synthesis and characterization of monolithic carbon aerogel nanocomposites containing double-walled carbon nanotubes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; COMPOSITES; DISPERSION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SOLUBILIZATION; SONICATION; ROPES AB We report the synthesis and characterization for the first examples of monolithic low-density carbon aerogel (CA) nanocomposites containing double-walled carbon nanotubes. The CA nancomposites were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in an aqueous surfactant-stabilized suspension of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). The composite hydrogels were then dried with supercritical CO2 and subsequently carbonized under an inert atmosphere to yield monolithic CA structures containing uniform dispersions of DWNTs. The microstructures and electrical conductivities of these CA nanocomposites were evaluated for different DWNT loadings. These materials exhibited high BET surface areas (>500 m(2)/g) and enhanced electrical conductivities relative to pristine CAs. The details of these results are discussed in comparison with theory and literature. C1 [Worsley, Marcus A.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.; Baumann, Theodore F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baumann, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM baumann2@llnl.gov RI Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014 OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 38 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 17 BP 9763 EP 9766 DI 10.1021/la8011684 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 341NV UT WOS:000258722100084 PM 18690729 ER PT J AU Heazlewood, BR Jordan, MJT Kable, SH Selby, TM Osborn, DL Shepler, BC Braams, BJ Bowman, JM AF Heazlewood, Brianna R. Jordan, Meredith J. T. Kable, Scott H. Selby, Talitha M. Osborn, David L. Shepler, Benjamin C. Braams, Bastiaan J. Bowman, Joel M. TI Roaming is the dominant mechanism for molecular products in acetaldehyde photodissociation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE reaction dynamics; roaming mechanisms; photochemistry; quasiclassical trajectories; transition state ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; TRANSITION-STATE; REACTION-PATH; DYNAMICS; NM AB Reaction pathways that bypass the conventional saddle-point transition state (TS) are of considerable interest and importance. An example of such a pathway, termed "roaming," has been described in the photodissociation of H2CO. In a combined experimental and theoretical study, we show that roaming pathways are important in the 308-nm photodissociation of CH3CHO to CH4 + CO. The CH4 product is found to have extreme vibrational excitation, with the vibrational distribution peaked at approximate to 95% of the total available energy. Quasiclassical trajectory calculations on full-dimensional potential energy surfaces reproduce these results and are used to infer that the major route to CH4 + CO products is via a roaming pathway where a CH3 fragment abstracts an H from HCO. The conventional saddle-point TS pathway to CH4 + CO formation plays only a minor role. H-atom roaming is also observed, but this is also a minor pathway. The dominance of the CH3 roaming mechanism is attributed to the fact that the CH3 + HCO radical asymptote and the TS saddle-point barrier to CH4 + CO are nearly isoenergetic. Roaming dynamics are therefore not restricted to small molecules such as H2CO, nor are they limited to H atoms being the roaming fragment. The observed dominance of the roaming mechanism over the conventional TS mechanism presents a significant challenge to current reaction rate theory. C1 [Heazlewood, Brianna R.; Jordan, Meredith J. T.; Kable, Scott H.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Selby, Talitha M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Osborn, David L.; Shepler, Benjamin C.; Braams, Bastiaan J.; Bowman, Joel M.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Osborn, David L.; Shepler, Benjamin C.; Braams, Bastiaan J.; Bowman, Joel M.] Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kable, SH (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM kable_s@chem.usyd.edu.au; dlosbor@sandia.gov; joel.bowman@emory.edu RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009; Braams, Bastiaan/E-7687-2011; Jordan, Meredith/M-3901-2013 OI Braams, Bastiaan/0000-0003-4086-9969; FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Sandia Corporation; National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; Office of Naval Research [NO001 4-05-1-0460]; Australian Research Council [DP0772006] FX Mr. Howard Johnsen is gratefully acknowledged for excellent technical support. This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. J.M.B. and B.C.S. thank the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER14782) and BJB thanks the Office of Naval Research (NO001 4-05-1-0460) for financial support. The Sydney group thanks the Australian Research Council (DP0772006) for financial support and an Australian Postgraduate Award (to B.R.H.). NR 28 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 40 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 2 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 35 BP 12719 EP 12724 DI 10.1073/pnas.0802769105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 350HJ UT WOS:000259343000020 PM 18687891 ER PT J AU Li, CC Shuford, KL Chen, MH Lee, EJ Cho, SO AF Li, Cuncheng Shuford, Kevin L. Chen, Minghai Lee, Eun Je Cho, Sung Oh TI A facile polyol route to uniform gold octahedra with tailorable size and their optical properties SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; gold; octahedron; polyol synthesis; size tailoring; surface plasmon resonance ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; HIGH-YIELD SYNTHESIS; PLASMON RESONANCES; DIRECTED OXIDATION; NANOCRYSTALS; SILVER; NANOPARTICLES; SHAPE; NANORODS; NANOPRISMS AB A straightforward and effective polyol route for the controllable synthesis of high-quality gold (Au) octahedra with uniform size is presented in an ethylene glycol solution. Large-scale Au octahedra with the size ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers; were selectively synthesized in high-yield. The surfaces of octahedral Au nanocrystals are smooth and correspond to {111} planes. Formation of Au nanooctahedra was attributed to the preferential adsorption of cationic surfactant poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) molecules on the {111} planes of Au nuclei that inhibited the growth rate along the < 111 > direction. The reduction rate of gold ions in the synthesis process can be rationally manipulated by acidic and basic solutions. This provides a facile and effective route to harvest Au octahedra with different dimensions. The synthetic strategy has the advantage of one-pot and requires no seeds, no foreign metal ions, and no pretreatment of the precursor, so that this is a practical method for controllable synthesis of Au octahedra. Size-dependent optical properties of Au octahedra were numerically and experimentally analyzed. The analysis shows that Au octahedra with sharp edges possess attractive optical properties, promising their applications to surface-enhancement spectroscopy, chemical or biological sensing, and the fabrication of nanodevices. C1 [Li, Cuncheng; Chen, Minghai; Lee, Eun Je; Cho, Sung Oh] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Shuford, Kevin L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Cuncheng] Zhengzhou Univ, Phys Sci & Technol Coll, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Cho, SO (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM socho@kaist.ac.kr RI Cho, Sung Oh/C-1603-2011; Shuford, Kevin/L-2435-2014 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [2007-00543]; Wigner Fellowship Program; Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MOST) (No. 2007-00543). K.L.S. was supported by the Wigner Fellowship Program and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-000R22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 43 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 12 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1760 EP 1769 DI 10.1021/nn800264q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 351UB UT WOS:000259450300007 PM 19206414 ER PT J AU Wang, FD Yu, H Jeong, SH Pietryga, JM Hollingsworth, JA Gibbons, PC Buhro, WE AF Wang, Fudong Yu, Heng Jeong, Sohee Pietryga, Jeffrey M. Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. Gibbons, Patrick C. Buhro, William E. TI The scaling of the effective band gaps in Indium-Arsenide quantum dots and wires SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE InAs quantum wire; solution-liquid-solid; photoluminescence; effective band gap; quantum confinement; nonparabolicity; valence-band-conduction-band coupling ID INPLANE EFFECTIVE-MASS; LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; DEPENDENT PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LEVEL STRUCTURE; NANOWIRES; CONFINEMENT; CDSE; RODS AB Colloidal InAs quantum wires having diameters in the range of 5-57 nm and narrow diameter distributions are grown from Bi nanoparticles by the solution-liquid-solid (SLS) mechanism. The diameter dependence of the effective band gaps (Delta E-g(s)) in the wires is determined from photoluminescence spectra and compared to the experimental results for InAs quantum dots and rods and to the predictions of various theoretical models. The Delta E-g values for InAs quantum dots and wires are found to scale linearly with inverse diameter (d(-1)), whereas the simplest confinement models predict that AE, should scale with inverse-square diameter (d(-2)). The difference in the observed and predicted scaling dimension is attributed to conduction-band nonparabolicity induced by strong valence-band-conduction-band coupling in the narrow-gap InAs semiconductor. C1 [Wang, Fudong; Yu, Heng; Buhro, William E.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Gibbons, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wang, Fudong; Gibbons, Patrick C.; Buhro, William E.] Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Jeong, Sohee; Pietryga, Jeffrey M.; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Buhro, WE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM buhro@wustl.edu RI Buhro, William/A-7682-2009; Wang, Fudong/D-3759-2009; OI Wang, Fudong/0000-0003-2914-1360; Jeong, Sohee/0000-0002-9863-1374 FU Washington University; National Science Foundation [CHE-0518427]; Center for Materials Innovation at Washington University; LANL LDRD; Intelligence Community FX We thank Richard A. Loomis (Washington University), Todd D. Krauss (U. of Rochester) for helpful discussions, and Ginny Wayman for assistance with NIR absorption spectra. We are grateful for funding from the National Science Foundation (under Grant No. CHE-0518427) and the Center for Materials Innovation at Washington University. J.A.H. and SJ. were supported by LANL LDRD funds. J.M.P. was supported by an Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. NR 62 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1903 EP 1913 DI 10.1021/nn800356z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 351UB UT WOS:000259450300024 PM 19206431 ER PT J AU Allen, BL Kichambare, PD Star, A AF Allen, Brett L. Kichambare, Padmakar D. Star, Alexander TI Synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; carbon nanotubes; chemical vapor deposition; gold nanoparticles ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; EMISSION PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NITRIDE NANOBELLS; GRAPHITIC CARBON; STORAGE; SURFACE; GROWTH; NANOCONTAINER; NANOFIBERS AB Isolated, carbon nanotube cups with diameters of 12-40 nm have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition through incorporation of nitrogen atoms into graphitic carbon structure and subsequent mechanical separation. Incorporation of nitrogen affords carbon nanotube cups with a unique composition comprising multiwalled, graphitic lattice with nitrogen groups on the exterior rim and hollow interior cavities. These nanostructures demonstrate the ability to participate in hydrogen bonding because of nitrogen functionalities on their open edges. Furthermore, reaction with these nitrogen functionalities results in the coupling of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to the open rim of carbon nanotube cups. Through atomic force microscopy manipulation and adhesion force measurements, we compare the mobility of these structures on a hydrophilic surface before and after GNP coupling. Understanding of these forces will aid in useful nanostructure assembly for energy and biomedical applications. C1 [Star, Alexander] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Star, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM astar@pitt.edu RI Star, Alexander/C-3399-2013 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1914 EP 1920 DI 10.1021/nn800355v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 351UB UT WOS:000259450300025 PM 19206432 ER PT J AU Barnes, TM Blackburn, JL van de Lagemaat, J Coutts, TJ Heben, MJ AF Barnes, Teresa M. Blackburn, Jeffrey L. van de Lagemaat, Jao Coutts, Timothy J. Heben, Michael J. TI Reversibility, dopant desorption, and tunneling in the temperature-dependent conductivity of type-separated, conductive carbon nanotube networks SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; doping; hysteresis; optical properties; electrical properties; resistivity; temperature dependence ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; TRANSPARENT; TRANSISTORS; FILMS; DIAMETERS AB We present a comprehensive study of the effects of doping and temperature on the conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks. We investigated nearly type-pure networks as well as networks comprising precisely tuned mixtures of metallic and semiconducting tubes. Networks were studied in their as-produced state and after treatments with nitric acid, thionyl chloride, and hydrazine to explore the effects of both intentional and adventitious doping. For intentionally and adventitiously doped networks, the sheet resistance (R(s)) exhibits an irreversible increase with temperature above similar to 350 K. Dopant desorption is shown to be the main cause of this increase and the observed hysteresis in the temperature-dependent resistivity. Both thermal and chemical dedoping produced networks free of hysteresis. Temperature-programmed desorption data showed that dopants are most strongly bound to the metallic tubes and that networks consisting of metallic tubes exhibit the best thermal stability. At temperatures below the dopant desorption threshold, conductivity in the networks is primarily controlled by thermally assisted tunneling through barriers at the intertube or interbundle junctions. C1 [Barnes, Teresa M.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; van de Lagemaat, Jao; Coutts, Timothy J.; Heben, Michael J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Barnes, TM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM teresa_barnes@nrel.gov RI Barnes, Teresa/A-2182-2010; Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012; van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012 FU Department of Energy [AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported under Department of Energy contract # DE-AC36-99GO10337. We thank the High-Efficiency Concepts Program and the U.S. DOE's Laboratory Directed Research and Development fund. We also acknowledge Robert Tenent, Jeremy Bergeson, Matt Beard, and David Young for helpful discussions. NR 38 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1968 EP 1976 DI 10.1021/nn800194u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 351UB UT WOS:000259450300031 PM 19206438 ER PT J AU Neuendorf, RE Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO AF Neuendorf, R. E. Saiz, E. Tomsia, A. P. Ritchie, R. O. TI Adhesion between biodegradable polymers and hydroxyapatite: Relevance to synthetic bone-like materials and tissue engineering scaffolds SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE synthetic bone-like materials; biodegradable polymers; hydroxyapatite; work of adhesion; interfacial strength ID IN-VITRO DEGRADATION; L-LACTIDE PLLA; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BIORESORBABLE DEVICES; FORGED COMPOSITES; HA PARTICLES; FABRICATION; INTERFACE; MICROSPHERES; BIOMATERIALS AB Many studies are currently underway on the quest to make synthetic bone-like materials with composites of polymeric materials and hydroxyapatite (HA). In the present work, we use wetting experiments and surface tension measurements to determine the work of adhesion between biodegradable polymers and HA, with specific reference to the role of humid environments. All the polymers are found to exhibit low contact angles (<= 60 degrees) on the ceramic with work of adhesion values ranging between 48 J m(-2) for poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and 63 J m(-2) for polylactide; these values are associated with physical bonding across the organic/inorganic interface. The corresponding mechanical fracture strengths, measured using four-point bending tests of HA-polymer-HA bonds, scale directly with the results from the wetting experiments. Short-time aging (up to 30 h) in a humid environment, however, has a dramatic influence on such HA/polymer interfacial strengths; specifically, water diffusion through the organic/inorganic interface and degradation of the polymer results in a marked decrease, by some 80-90%, in the bond strengths. These results cast doubt on the use of biodegradable polymers/ceramic composites for load-bearing synthetic bone-like materials, as desired optimal mechanical properties are unlikely to be met in realistic physiological environments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Neuendorf, R. E.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neuendorf, R. E.; Saiz, E.; Tomsia, A. P.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU National Institutes of Health [5R01 DE015633] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Grant No. 5R01 DE015633. NR 34 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1296 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.04.006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 355WQ UT WOS:000259740400016 PM 18485842 ER PT J AU Hlinkova, V Xing, GX Bauer, J Shin, YJ Dionne, I Rajashankar, KR Bell, SD Ling, H AF Hlinkova, Vladena Xing, Guangxin Bauer, Jacob Shin, Yoon Jung Dionne, Isabelle Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R. Bell, Stephen D. Ling, Hong TI Structures of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric PCNA: PCNA-ring assembly and opening SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; ARCHAEON SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; PROCESSIVITY FACTOR PCNA; SLIDING CLAMP; HETEROTRIMERIC PCNA; FLAP ENDONUCLEASE-1; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; DNA-REPLICATION; MISMATCH REPAIR AB DNA sliding clamps form an oligomeric ring encircling DNA and serve as a moving platform for DNA-processing proteins. The opening and closing of a sliding-clamp ring is essential to load the clamp onto DNA in order to perform its functions. The molecular details of how clamp rings open and enclose DNA are still not clear. Three PCNA homologues have been found in Sulfolobus solfataricus which form a heterotrimer. Taking advantage of their hetero-oligomeric nature, the structures of the PCNAs in monomeric PCNA3, dimeric PCNA1-PCNA2 and trimeric PCNA1-PCNA2-PCNA3 forms were determined at resolutions of 2.6-1.9 angstrom. The distinct oligomeric structures represent different stages in ring formation, which were verified in solution by ultracentrifugation analysis. The heterodimer opens in a V-shape of 130 degrees, while the heterotrimers form a ring with a 120 degrees rotation between monomers. The association of a rigid PCNA3 monomer with an opened PCNA1-PCNA2 heterodimer closes the ring and introduces a spring tension in the PCNA1-PCNA2 interface, thus bending the nine-stranded intermolecular beta-sheet to fit the 120 degrees rotation. The release of the spring tension as PCNA3 dissociates from the ring may facilitate ring opening. The structural features in different assemblies present a molecular model for clamp ring assembly and opening. C1 [Hlinkova, Vladena; Xing, Guangxin; Bauer, Jacob; Shin, Yoon Jung; Ling, Hong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biochem, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. [Dionne, Isabelle; Bell, Stephen D.] Hutchison MRC Ctr, Med Res Council Canc Cell Unit, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, England. [Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, NE CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ling, H (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biochem, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. EM hling4@uwo.ca RI Ling, Hong/E-3729-2010 FU Medical Research Council NR 53 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 64 BP 941 EP 949 DI 10.1107/S0907444908021665 PN 9 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 337BZ UT WOS:000258411800005 PM 18703842 ER PT J AU Kazhdan, D Hu, YJ Kokai, A Levi, Z Rozenel, S AF Kazhdan, Daniel Hu, Yung-Jin Kokai, Akos Levi, Zerubba Rozenel, Sergio TI (2,2-bipyridyl)bis(eta(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)strontium(II) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION; COMPLEXES AB In the title compound, [Sr(C10H15)(2)(C10H8N2)], the Sr-N distances are 2.624 (3) and 2.676 (3) angstrom, the Sr center dot center dot center dot Cp ring centroid distances are 2.571 and 2.561 angstrom and the N-C-C-N torsion angle in the bipyridine ligand is -2.2 (4)degrees. Interestingly, the bipyridine ligand is tilted. The angle between the plane defined by the Sr atom and the two bipyridyl N atoms and the plane defined by the 12 atoms of the bipyridine ligand is 10.7 (1)degrees. C1 [Kazhdan, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kazhdan, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hu, Yung-Jin; Kokai, Akos; Levi, Zerubba; Rozenel, Sergio] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kazhdan, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kazhdan@berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2008 VL 64 BP M1134 EP U331 DI 10.1107/S1600536808024677 PN 9 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 343DH UT WOS:000258832300030 PM 21201592 ER PT J AU Shim, S Jang, JI Pharr, GM AF Shim, Sanghoon Jang, Jae-il Pharr, G. M. TI Extraction of flow properties of single-crystal silicon carbide by nanoindentation and finite-element simulation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanoindentation; hardness; plastic deformation; finite-element modeling (FEM); single-crystal silicon carbide ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; DISLOCATION GLIDE; SHARP INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; DEFORMATION; LOAD; CONTACT; TEMPERATURE; PLASTICITY AB A method is presented for estimating the plastic flow behavior of single-crystal silicon carbide by nanoindentation experiments using a series of triangular pyramidal indenters with five different centerline-to-face angles in combination with two-dimensional axisymmetric finite-element (FE) simulations. The method is based on Tabor's concepts of characteristic strain and constraint factor. which allow indentation hardness values obtained with indenters of different angles to be related to the flow properties of the indented material. The procedure utilizes FE simulations applied in an iterative manner in order to establish the yield strength and work-hardening exponent from the experimentally measured dependence of the hardness on indenter angle. The methodology is applied to a hard, brittle ceramic material. 6H-SiC, whose flow behavior cannot be determined by conventional tension or compression testing. It is shown that the friction between the indenter and the material plays a significant role. especially for very sharp indenters. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shim, Sanghoon; Pharr, G. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shim, Sanghoon; Pharr, G. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jang, Jae-il] Hanyang Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Shim, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM shims@ornl.gov RI Jang, Jae-il/A-3486-2011 OI Jang, Jae-il/0000-0003-4526-5355 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0203552]; US Department of Energy; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; High Temperature Materials Laboratory; SHaRE User Facility; Division of Scientific User Facilities; Korea Research Foundation; Korean Government; MOEHRD [KRF-2006-331-D00273] FX This research was sponsored by National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0203552, the US Department of Energy: the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program; the SHaRE User Facility, Division of Scientific User Facilities, and the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government, MOEHRD (Grant #KRF-2006-331-D00273). NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 3824 EP 3832 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.013 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 351FG UT WOS:000259409300012 ER PT J AU Traiviratana, S Bringa, EM Benson, DJ Meyers, MA AF Traiviratana, Sirirat Bringa, Eduardo M. Benson, David J. Meyers, Marc A. TI Void growth in metals: Atomistic calculations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE void growth; dislocations; nanocrystalline materials; copper; molecular dynamic simulations ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL NICKEL; COMPUTATIONAL DESCRIPTION; INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DUCTILE RUPTURE; DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; DISLOCATIONS; COALESCENCE AB Molecular dynamics simulations in monocrystalline and bicrystalline copper were carried out with LAMMPS (Large-Scale Atomic/ Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) to reveal void growth mechanisms. The specimens were subjected to tensile uniaxial strains. the results confirm that the emission of (shear) loops is the primary mechanism of void growth. It is observed that many of these shear loops develop along two slip planes (and not one, as previously thought). in a heretofore unidentified mechanisms of cooperative growth. The emission of dislocations front voids is the first stage, and their reaction and interaction is the second stage. These loops, forming initially on different {111} planes, join at the intersection, if the Burgers vector of the dislocations is parallel to the intersection of two {111} planes: a < 110 > direction. Thus. the two dislocations cancel at the intersection and a biplanar shear loop is formed. The expansion of the loops and their cross slip leads to the severely work-hardened region surrounding a growing void. Calculations were carried Out on voids with different sizes. and I size dependence of the stress threshold to emit dislocations was obtained by MD. in disagreement with the Gurson model which is scale independent. This disagreement is most marked for the nanometer sized voids. The scale dependence of the stress required to grow voids is interpreted in terms of the decreasing availability of optimally, oriented shear planes and increased stress required to nucleate shear loops Lis the void size is reduced. The growth of voids simulated by MD is compared with the Cocks-Ashby constitutive model and significant agreement is found. The density of geometrically necessary dislocations as a function of void size is calculated based oil the emission of shear loops and their outward propagation. Calculations are also carried out for a void at the interface between two Grains to simulate polycrystalline response. The dislocation emission pattern is qualitatively, similar to microscope observations. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Traiviratana, Sirirat; Benson, David J.; Meyers, Marc A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bringa, Eduardo M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Meyers, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mameyers@ucsd.edu RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 FU LLNL [B558558]; ILSA [W-7405-Eng-48, NSF EVO CBFT-0742730] FX Financial support from LLNL Grant B558558, ILSA Contract Number W-7405-Eng-48 (Program Manager: Dr. D. Correll) and NSF EVO CBFT-0742730 Program is gratefully acknowledged. Discussions With Prof. V.A. Lubarda about dislocation reactions are gratefully acknowledged. The referee provided many insightful comments and suggestions which have been incorporated into the manuscript. NR 46 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 11 U2 91 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 3874 EP 3886 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.047 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 351FG UT WOS:000259409300017 ER PT J AU Lebensohn, RA Brenner, R Castelnau, O Rollett, AD AF Lebensohn, Ricardo A. Brenner, Renald Castelnau, Olivier Rollett, Anthony D. TI Orientation image-based micromechanical modelling of subgrain texture evolution in polycrystalline copper SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE texture; microstructure; copper; orientation imaging microscopy; micromechanical modelling ID CHANNEL DIE COMPRESSION; INDIVIDUAL BULK GRAINS; COLD-ROLLED ALUMINUM; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; FIELD FLUCTUATIONS; VISCOPLASTIC POLYCRYSTALS; INTRAGRANULAR BEHAVIOR; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; LATTICE ROTATIONS; MEAN ORIENTATION AB An efficient full-field formulation based oil fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) for the prediction of the viscoplastic deformation of polycrystals is applied to the study of the subgrain texture and microstructure evolution in polycrystalline Cu deformed under tension. Direct input from orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) images is used in the construction of the initial unit cell. Average orientations and misorientations predicted after 11% tensile strain are directly compared with OIM measurements, showing good agreement. The differences between misorientations of surface grains compared with bulk grains are estimated, and the orientation dependence of intragranular misorientations is studied. Measurements and simulations agree in that grains with initial orientation near < 110 > tend to develop hi-her misorientations. This behavior can be explained in terms of attraction towards the two Stable orientations and grain interaction. Only models that account explicity for interaction between individual grains, like the FFT-based formulation are able to capture these effects. (c) Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Lebensohn, Ricardo A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Brenner, Renald; Castelnau, Olivier] Univ Paris 13, Lab Proprietes Mecan & Thermodynam Mat, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. [Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM lebenso@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012; OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191; Castelnau, Olivier/0000-0001-7422-294X NR 55 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 3914 EP 3926 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.016 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 351FG UT WOS:000259409300020 ER PT J AU Sinclair, CW Hoagland, RG AF Sinclair, C. W. Hoagland, R. G. TI A molecular dynamics study of the fcc -> bcc transformation at fault intersections SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics; Stainless steels; Plastic deformation; Martensitic phase transformation ID STAINLESS-STEEL; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ALPHA'-MARTENSITE; NUCLEATION; MECHANISM; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; ALLOY AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the role of fault band intersections on the nucleation of alpha' martensite from austenite. The results show that nucleation and growth of body-centered cubic (bcc) alpha' occurs, despite the non-bcc stacking in the fault band intersection, following the model proposed by Olson and Cohen. The processes of nucleation and growth are interpreted based on the crystallography of the phases (orientation relationship), together with the deformation required to achieve the transformation and crystallographic orientation relationship. These features of the transformation have subsequently been compared against experiments and the macroscopic theory of martensite formation. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sinclair, C. W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hoagland, R. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sinclair, CW (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, 309-6350 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM chad.sinclair@ubc.ca RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Sinclair, Chad/O-5744-2016 OI Sinclair, Chad/0000-0002-6465-6952 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 16 BP 4160 EP 4171 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.043 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 358PZ UT WOS:000259931300004 ER PT J AU Mueller, R Rossoll, A Weber, L Bourke, MAM Dunand, DC Mortensen, A AF Mueller, R. Rossoll, A. Weber, L. Bourke, M. A. M. Dunand, D. C. Mortensen, A. TI Tensile flow stress of ceramic particle-reinforced metal in the presence of particle cracking SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Two-phase materials; Mean-field analysis; Variational estimate; Neutron diffraction; Tensile behaviour ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; DUCTILE MATRIX COMPOSITES; ALUMINUM-ALLOY COMPOSITE; AL-SIC COMPOSITES; ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; AL-AL2O3 COMPOSITES AB A simplified model is proposed to quantity the effect of damage in the form of particle cracking on the elastic and plastic behaviour of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites under uniaxial tensile loading: cracked particles are simply replaced, in a mean-field model, with as much matrix. Pure aluminium reinforced with 44 vol.%., alumina particles, tested in tension and unloaded at periodic plastic deformations, is analysed by neutron diffraction during each reloading elastic step, at 30%, 50%, 701% and 90% of the tensile flow stress. The data give the evolution of the elastic matrix strains in the composite and also measure the progress of internal damage by particle cracking. The test gives (i) the evolution of the in situ matrix flow stress, and (ii) the evolution of load partitioning during elastic deformation with increasing composite damage. Predictions of the present model compare favourably with relevant results in the literature, and with results from the present neutron diffraction experiments. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mueller, R.; Rossoll, A.; Weber, L.; Mortensen, A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Mech Met, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Bourke, M. A. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dunand, D. C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rossoll, A (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Mech Met, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM andreas.rossoll@epfl.ch RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Mortensen, Andreas/L-5078-2015; OI Mortensen, Andreas/0000-0002-8267-2008; Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [200020-107556] FX This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Project No. 200020-107556. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms Aude Hauert from the Laboratory of Mechanical Metallurgy at EPFL for several interesting discussions on the Subject of this work. NR 116 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 16 BP 4402 EP 4416 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.05.004 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 358PZ UT WOS:000259931300027 ER PT J AU Jang, J Pharr, GM AF Jang, Jae-il Pharr, G. M. TI Influence of indenter angle on cracking in Si and Ge during nanoindentation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanoindentation; Toughness; Cracking; Semiconductors ID INDENTATION FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ELASTIC-PLASTIC INDENTATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; PALMQVIST CRACK; BRITTLE SOLIDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; HARDNESS; CERAMICS; LOAD AB The influence of indenter angle on the nanoindentation cracking behavior of single crystal Si and Ge was systematically explored through nanoindentation experiments with a series of triangular pyramidal indenters with different centerline-to-face angles in the range 35.3-85.0 degrees. The relationships between indentation load, crack length and indentation size and their dependence on indenter angle were carefully examined and compared with previous indentation cracking studies. The results are discussed in terms of ways to estimate fracture toughness and indentation cracking threshold loads more precisely through nanoindentation. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jang, Jae-il] Hanyang Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Pharr, G. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pharr, G. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jang, JI (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM jijang@hanyang.ac.kr RI Jang, Jae-il/A-3486-2011 OI Jang, Jae-il/0000-0003-4526-5355 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0203552]; Korean Government; MOEHRD [KRF-2006-331-DO0273] FX This research was sponsored by National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0203552 and by Korean Government, MOEHRD under the Korea Research Foundation Grant (No. KRF-2006-331-DO0273). NR 54 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 16 BP 4458 EP 4469 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.05.005 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 358PZ UT WOS:000259931300032 ER PT J AU Desai, TG Millett, PC Wolf, D AF Desai, Tapan G. Millett, Paul C. Wolf, Dieter TI Molecular dynamics study of diffusional creep in nanocrystalline UO2 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics; Uranium dioxide; Chemical diffusion; Creep; Ceramics ID FAST-ION CONDUCTION; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; SELF-DIFFUSION; SIMULATION; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; SRCL2; HEAT; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS AB We present the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study high-temperature deformation of nanocrystalline UO2. In qualitative agreement with experimental observations, the oxygen sublattice undergoes a structural transition at a temperature of about 2200 K (i.e. well below the melting point of 3450 K of our model system), whereas the uranium sublattice remains unchanged all the way up to melting. At temperatures well above this structural transition, columnar nanocrystalline model microstructures with a uniform grain size and grain shape were subjected to constant-stress loading at levels low enough to avoid microcracking and dislocation nucleation from the grain boundaries (GBs). Our simulations reveal that in the absence of grain growth, the material deforms via GB diffusion creep (also known as Coble creep). Analysis of the underlying self-diffusion behavior in undeformed nanocrystalline UO2 reveals that, on our MD timescale, the uranium ions diffuse only via the GBs, whereas the much faster moving oxygen ions diffuse through both the lattice and the GBs. As expected for the Coble-creep mechanism, the creep activation energy agrees well with that for GB diffusion of the slowest-moving species, i.e. the uranium ions. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia_Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Desai, Tapan G.; Millett, Paul C.; Wolf, Dieter] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Desai, TG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, POB 1625,MS 2211, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM tapandesai06@gmail.com FU INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program [DE-AC07-051D14517V] FX This work was supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517V. The authors also gratefully acknowledge technical support from the INL High-Performance Computing group. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 16 BP 4489 EP 4497 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.052 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 358PZ UT WOS:000259931300035 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Onizawa, K Suzuki, M Anderegg, JW Nagai, Y Toyama, T Hasegawa, M Kameda, J AF Nishiyama, Y. Onizawa, K. Suzuki, M. Anderegg, J. W. Nagai, Y. Toyama, T. Hasegawa, M. Kameda, J. TI Effects of neutron-irradiation-induced intergranular phosphorus segregation and hardening on embrittlement in reactor pressure vessel steels SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Irradiation embrittlement; Grain-boundary segregation; Hardening; Precipitate; Reactor pressure vessel steels ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; SOLUTE SEGREGATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; FERRITIC ALLOYS; ALPHA-IRON; FE; CU; FRACTURE; CARBON AB The effects of intergranular P segregation and hardening on the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) in several neutron-irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels with different bulk contents of P and Cu have been investigated using a scanning Auger microbe, a local electrode atom probe and positron annihilation spectroscopy. Increasing the neutron fluence at 563 K promotes intergranular P segregation, particularly in steels with high levels of P. The content of P (<570 ppm) more significantly affects irradiation-hardening than that of Cu (<0.17 wt.%) due to distinct formation of P-rich precipitates arising from the stabilization of vacancies. Analyzing the correlations between P segregation, hardening. fraction of intergranular fracture and DBTT, it is found neutron irradiation mitigates the embrittling effect of segregated P. and therefore the hardening more strongly affects the DBTT shift than the P segregation, with the exception of highly P-doped steel irradiated to high neutron fluence. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nishiyama, Y.; Onizawa, K.; Suzuki, M.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Anderegg, J. W.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nagai, Y.; Toyama, T.; Hasegawa, M.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Oarai Ctr, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111313, Japan. [Hasegawa, M.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Kameda, J.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kameda, J.] Struct Integr Associates, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Nishiyama, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM nishiyama.yutaka93@jaea.go.jp RI Nagai, Yasuyoshi/A-8995-2011; Toyama, Takeshi/A-8480-2011 OI Toyama, Takeshi/0000-0001-5166-653X NR 37 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 16 BP 4510 EP 4521 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.05.026 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 358PZ UT WOS:000259931300037 ER PT J AU Xing, Q Du, Y McQueeney, RJ Lograsso, TA AF Xing, Q. Du, Y. McQueeney, R. J. Lograsso, T. A. TI Structural investigations of Fe-Ga alloys: Phase relations and magnetostrictive behavior SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Magnetostriction; Iron; Gallium; Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction ID SIMILAR MAGNETIC-ALLOYS; EXTRINSIC MAGNETOSTRICTION; HETEROGENEOUS MODEL; RICH PORTION; EQUILIBRIA; STABILITY; SYSTEM AB The underlying relation between the magnetostriction (3/2) lambda(100) and Ga concentration for Fe-Ga alloys is all open question. This work presents a systematic structural study of the structure-property dependence of Fe-Ga alloys by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results Show that in the regions where monotonic increases in (3/2) lambda(100) are exhibited. sin le-phase A2 or D0(3) is found for the slow-cooled alloys. For the alloys in the range 18-21 at.% Ga. quenching extends the single-phase A2 to higher Ga concentrations, thereby continuing to enhance magnetostriction. The sudden decrease in (3/2) lambda(100) near Fe-19 at.% Ga as well as Fe-29 at.% Ga was associated with the formation of phase mixtures. For quenched alloys between 25 and 29 at.% Ga, a phase mixture of (A2 + B2 + D0(3)) was found, but the presence of this phase mixture does not seem to have a large effect oil magnetostriction. Published by Elsevier Ltd oil behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Xing, Q.; Lograsso, T. A.] Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Du, Y.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Xing, Q (reprint author), Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM qfxingtem@gmail.com RI McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Science; Division of Materials Science; Iowa State University [-AC02-07CH11358]; US DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-AC02-06CH11537]; Office of Naval Research [N000140610530] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science. The research was performed at Ames Laboratory. Ames Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. M.J. Kramer is acknowledged for valuable discussions. RJM is indebted to D. Robinson for assistance with XRD measurements. The work at the MU-CAT sector was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11537. This XRD work is partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under ONR Grant No. N000140610530. NR 31 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 16 BP 4536 EP 4546 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.05.011 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 358PZ UT WOS:000259931300040 ER PT J AU Balitsky, I Chirilli, GA AF Balitsky, Ian Chirilli, Giovanni A. TI NLO EVOLUTION OF COLOR DIPOLE SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer School on Chromodynamics, Low-x Physics, Saturation and Diffraction CY JUL 01-14, 2007 CL Copanello, ITALY ID QCD AB The small-x deep inelastic scattering in the saturation region is governed by the non-linear evolution of Wilson-line operators. In the leading logarithmic approximation it is given by the BK equation for the evolution of color dipoles. In the next-to-leading order the BK equation gets contributions from quark and gluon loops as well as from the tree gluon diagrams with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. C1 [Balitsky, Ian] JLab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Balitsky, I (reprint author), JLab, Theory Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2561 EP 2565 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 358FA UT WOS:000259901300029 ER PT J AU Sen, P Namata, G Bilgic, M Getoor, L Gallagher, B Eliassi-Rad, T AF Sen, Prithviraj Namata, Galileo Bilgic, Mustafa Getoor, Lise Gallagher, Brian Eliassi-Rad, Tina TI Collective Classification in Network Data SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION AB Many real-world applications produce networked data such as the worldwide web (hypertext documents connected through hyperlinks), social networks (such as people connected by friendship links), communication networks (computers connected through communication links), and biological networks (such as protein interaction networks). A recent focus in machine-learnings research has been to extend traditional machine-learning classification techniques to classify nodes in such networks. In this article, we provide a brief introduction to this area of research and how it has progressed during the past decade. We introduce four of the most widely used inference algorithms for classifying networked data and empirically compare them on both synthetic and real-world data. C1 [Sen, Prithviraj; Getoor, Lise] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gallagher, Brian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Comp Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Eliassi-Rad, Tina] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sen, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Science Foundation [0308030]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We would like to thank Luke McDowell for his useful and detailed comments. We would also like to thank Jen Neville, David Jensen, Foster Provost, and the reviewers for their comments. This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0308030. In addition, this work was partially performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 40 TC 142 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 3 BP 93 EP 106 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 364XH UT WOS:000260368400008 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, Paul T. TI Independent Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Vigorous Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index on Clinical Gallbladder Disease Risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; GALLSTONE DISEASE; MALE RUNNERS; CHOLESTEROL GALLSTONES; FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; FEMALE-POPULATION; DANISH POPULATION; HERITAGE FAMILY; GALL-STONES AB BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Incident self-reported physician-diagnosed clinical gallbladder disease was compared to BMI, body dimensions, physical activity (km/day run) and cardiorespiratory fitness (10 km race speed, meters per second [m/s]) in 29,110 male and 11,953 female runners. METHODS: Physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease was reported by 166 men (0.57%) and 112 women (0.94%) during (mean +/- SD) 7.74 +/- 1.84 and 7.42 +/- 2.10 years of follow-up, respectively. RESULTS: There was a progressive increase in age-adjusted risk with increasing BMI that accelerated sharply above 27.5 kg/m(2). Even among ostensibly healthy-weight women, the age-adjusted risk was significantly greater above 22.5 kg/m(2) Vis-a-vis the leanest women (P = 0.04). Age-adjusted risk declined with increasing fitness in both sexes. Compared to the least fit men and women, men who ran faster than 4.75 m/s had 83% lower risk (75% lower when adjusted for km/day and BMI) and women who ran faster than 4 m/s had 93% lower risk (85% lower adjusted for km/day and BMI). The fittest men (>= 4.75 m/s) were at significantly less risk than men who ran <3.25 m/s (P < 0.003) and between 3.25 and 3.75 m/s (P = 0.03), and the fittest women (>= 4 m/s) were at significantly less risk than those who ran <2.8 m/s (P < 0.0001), between 2.8 and 3.2 (P = 0.0004), 3.2 and 3.6 (P = 0.002), and 3.6 and 4.0 m/s (P = 0.005). Adjustment for BMI accounted for more of the risk reduction associated with fitness in women than men. The risk for clinical gallbladder disease was also significantly related to usual running distance (men: P = 0.01; females: P = 0.008), which was attributable to the leanness of the longer-distance runners. CONCLUSION: Clinical gallbladder disease risk was (a) concordantly related to BMI, (b) inversely related to usual running distance, and (c) inversely related to cardiorespiratory fitness independent of physical activity levels. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [HL-45652, HL-072110, DK-066738] FX This study was supported in part by grants HL-45652, HL-072110, and DK-066738 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, and was conducted at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (Department of Energy DE-AC03-76SF00098 to the University of California). There was no other support other than the listed grants, and no conflict of interests to report. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 IS 9 BP 2239 EP 2247 DI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01944.x PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 362AG UT WOS:000260170000012 PM 18637096 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Heat exchanges in fast, high-performance liquid chromatography. A complete thermodynamic study SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; COLUMN; HETEROGENEITY; ACETONITRILE; EFFICIENCY; MIXTURES AB The successive physical transformations of the mobile phase that take place in very high pressure liquid chromatography were studied based on the formalism of classical thermodynamics. The eluent is initially under atmospheric pressure (P-o) and at ambient temperature (T-ext). In a first step, it is compressed to a high pressure (P-max of the order of 1 kbar) in the pump heads of the chromatograph. In a second step, the pressurized eluent is transferred to the inlet of the chromatographic column, along which, in a third step, it is decompressed to atmospheric pressure. Both the compression and the decompression of the fluid were considered to take place under conditions that can be either adiabatic or nonadiabatic and either reversible or irreversible. Applications of the first and second principles of thermodynamics allow the determination of the heat and energy exchanged between the eluent and the external surroundings during each transformation. Experimental data were acquired using acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The true state equation, p(P, 7), of liquid acetonitrile was used in the theoretical calculations. A series of four different flow rates (0.55, 0.85, 1.15, and 1.45 mL/min, corresponding to inlet pressures of 357.2, 559.5, 765.1, and 972.9 bar, respectively), were applied to a 2.1 x 100 mm column packed with 1.7-pm bridged ethane-silicon hybrid particles. Thermocouples were used to measure the eluent temperature before and after its passage through the column. These data provide estimates of the variation of the internal energy of the eluent. The heat lost through the external wall of the column during the eluent decompression was estimated by measuring the surface temperature of the column tube under steady state. Both the compression and the decompression of acetonitrile were found to be nonadiabatic and irreversible transformations. The results showed that, during the eluent decompression, the heat released by the friction forces serves four different purposes: (1) it increases the eluent entropy at constant temperature (for similar to 35%); (2) it increases the temperature of the eluent (for similar to 5%); (3) it provides heat to the laboratory atmosphere (for similar to 5%); and (4) it provides some work inside the column (for similar to 5%). This quantitative heat balance description accounts well for the actual performance of the new, very high pressure liquid chromatographic technique. C1 [Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE-06-08659] FX This work was supported in part by grant CHE-06-08659 of the National Science Foundation and by the cooperative agreement between the University of Tennessee and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We thanks Uwe D. Neue (Waters, Milford, MA) for the generous gift of the columns, for the loan of the Acquity chromatograph, and for his fruitful discussions and advices in UPLC experiments. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 17 BP 6488 EP 6499 DI 10.1021/ac8003902 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 343PF UT WOS:000258865300008 PM 18690696 ER PT J AU Marginean, I Kelly, RT Prior, DC LaMarche, BL Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Marginean, Ioan Kelly, Ryan T. Prior, David C. LaMarche, Brian L. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Analytical characterization of the electrospray ion source in the nanoflow regime SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; FLOW-RATE; NANOELECTROSPRAY; MODES; INTERFACE; PROTEINS; DROPLETS; CLASSIFICATION; ATOMIZATION AB A detailed characterization of a conventional low-flow electrospray ionization (ESI) source for mass spectrometry (MS) using solution compositions typical of reversedphase liquid chromatography is reported. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the pulsating regime consistently provided better ESI-MS performance than the cone-jet regime for the interface and experimental conditions studied. This observation is supported by additional measurements showing that a conventional heated capillary interface affords more efficient sampling and transmission for the charged aerosol generated by a pulsating electrospray. The pulsating electrospray provided relatively constant MS signal intensities over a wide range of voltages, while the signal decreased slightly with increasing voltage for the cone-jet electrospray. The MS signal also decreased with increasing emitter-interface distance for both pulsating and cone-jet electrosprays due to the expansion of the charged aerosol plume. At flow rates below 100 nL/min, the MS signal increased with increasing flow rate due to increased number of gas-phase ions produced. At flow rates greater than 100 nL/min, the signal reached a plateau due to decreasing ionization efficiency at larger flow rates. These results suggest approaches for improving MS interface performance for low-flow (nano- to micro-) electrosprays. C1 [Marginean, Ioan; Kelly, Ryan T.; Prior, David C.; LaMarche, Brian L.; Tang, Keqi; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Marginean, Ioan/A-4183-2008; Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Marginean, Ioan/0000-0002-6693-0361; Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR018522]; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland; DOE [AC05-76RLO 1830] FX We thank Dr. Jason S. Page for lending the vacuum chamber simulating the front end of a mass spectrometer for current transmission measurements. This research was supported by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (Grant RR018522). Experimental portions of this research were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a DOE national scientific user facility located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 17 BP 6573 EP 6579 DI 10.1021/ac800683s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 343PF UT WOS:000258865300019 PM 18661954 ER PT J AU Ortega, J Hartman, J Rodriguez, J Maitland, D AF Ortega, J. Hartman, J. Rodriguez, J. Maitland, D. TI Post-treatment hemodynamics of a basilar aneurysm and bifurcation SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aneurysm; computational fluid dynamics; post-treatment hemodynamic stresses ID GUGLIELMI DETACHABLE COILS; ANGIOGRAPHIC FOLLOW-UP; FINE-SCALE MOTIONS; WALL SHEAR-STRESS; BLOOD-FLOW; INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS; SACCULAR ANEURYSMS; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; ARTERIAL BIFURCATION; CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS AB To investigate whether or not a successful aneurysm treatment procedure can subject a parent artery to harmful hemodynamic stresses, computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed on a patient-specific basilar aneurysm and bifurcation before and after a virtual endovascular treatment. Prior to treatment, the aneurysm at systole is filled with a periodic train of vortex tubes, which form at the aneurysm neck and advect upwards into the dome. Following the treatment procedure however, the motion of the vortex train is inhibited by the aneurysm filling material, which confines the vortex tubes to the region beneath the aneurysm neck. Analysis of the post-treatment flow field indicates that the impingement of the basilar artery flow upon the treated aneurysm neck and the close proximity of a vortex tube to the parent artery wall increase the maximum wall shear stresses to values approximately equal to 50 Pa at systole. Calculation of the time-averaged wall shear stresses indicates that there is a 1.4 x 10(-7) m(2) area on the parent artery exposed to wall shear stresses greater than 37.9 Pa, a value shown by Fry [Circ. Res. 22(2):165-197, 1968] to cause severe damage to the endothelial cells that line the artery wall. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible for a treatment procedure, which successfully isolates the aneurysm from the circulation and leaves no aneurysm neck remnant, to elevate the hemodynamic stresses to levels that are injurious to the artery wall. C1 [Ortega, J.; Rodriguez, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hartman, J.] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Sacramento, CA USA. [Maitland, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ortega, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-645, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ortega17@llnl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000462, R01 EB000462-06, R01EB000462] NR 60 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1531 EP 1546 DI 10.1007/s10439-008-9535-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 333YW UT WOS:000258190500009 PM 18629647 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Murphy, JD Walker, RF Miller, WW Glass, DW Todd, DE AF Johnson, Dale W. Murphy, James D. Walker, Roger F. Miller, Watkins W. Glass, D. W. Todd, Donald E., Jr. TI The combined effects of thinning and prescribed fire on carbon and nutrient budgets in a Jeffrey pine forest SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE harvesting; prescribed fire; nutrients; Pinus jeffreyii; Sierra Nevada Mountains ID MIXED OAK FOREST; WHOLE-TREE; LOSSES; WILDFIRE; NITROGEN; FLOOR AB Both burning and harvesting cause carbon and nutrient removals from forest ecosystems, but few studies have addressed the combination of these effects. For a Pinus jeffreyii forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, we posed the question: what are the relative impacts of thinning and subsequent burning on carbon and nutrient removals? The thinning methods included whole-tree thinning (WT, where all aboveground biomass was removed) cut to length (CTL, where branches and foliage were left on site in a slash mat on top of skid trails) and no harvest (CONT). Total C and nutrient exports with thinning and burning were greater in the WT and CTL than in the CONT treatments. Total C and N removals were approximately equal for the WT and CTL treatments, although harvesting dominated exports in the WT treatment and burning dominated exports in the CTL treatment. Total removals of P, K, Ca, Mg and S were greatest in the WT treatments, where harvesting dominated removals. Comparisons of nutrient removals with ecosystem capital and calculations of potential replenishment by atmospheric deposition suggested that N is the nutrient likely to be most depleted by harvesting and burning treatments. C1 [Johnson, Dale W.; Murphy, James D.; Walker, Roger F.; Miller, Watkins W.; Glass, D. W.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Todd, Donald E., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu FU U. S. Forest Service; Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada USA FX This research was supported by the U. S. Forest Service and the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada USA. We greatly appreciate technical assistance by Valerie Yturiaga, Donn Geisinger, Matt Donaldson, Andrew Diedrichsen, and Damien Domini. This is publication Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 AR 601 DI 10.1051/forest:2008041 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 345IF UT WOS:000258989100001 ER PT J AU Andersen, K Mori, H Fata, J Maelandsmo, G Bissell, M AF Andersen, Kristin Mori, Hidetoshi Fata, Jimmie Maelandsmo, Gunhild Bissell, Mina TI S100A4 IN MAMMARY GLAND BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Andersen, Kristin; Maelandsmo, Gunhild] Norwegian Radium Hosp, Inst Canc Res, Dept Tumor Biol, Oslo, Norway. [Mori, Hidetoshi; Bissell, Mina] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Fata, Jimmie] NYU, CUNY Coll Staten Isl, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5C MA 23 BP 3196 EP 3196 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 367ME UT WOS:000260555300024 ER PT J AU Rodland, KD Baird, C Camp, D Smith, RD Zangar, R AF Rodland, Karin D. Baird, Cheryl Camp, David Smith, Richard D. Zangar, Richard TI AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CANCER PROTEOMICS SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rodland, Karin D.; Baird, Cheryl; Camp, David; Smith, Richard D.; Zangar, Richard] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Baird, Cheryl/F-6569-2011 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5C MA 567 BP 3464 EP 3464 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 367ME UT WOS:000260555300569 ER PT J AU Elshahed, MS Youssef, NH Spain, AM Sheik, C Najar, FZ Sukharnikov, LO Roe, BA Davis, JP Schloss, PD Bailey, VL Krumholz, LR AF Elshahed, Mostafa S. Youssef, Noha H. Spain, Anne M. Sheik, Cody Najar, Fares Z. Sukharnikov, Leonid O. Roe, Bruce A. Davis, James P. Schloss, Patrick D. Bailey, Vanessa L. Krumholz, Lee R. TI Novelty and uniqueness patterns of rare members of the soil biosphere SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; ENVIRONMENT; LIBRARIES; GENES; ARB AB Soil bacterial communities typically exhibit a distribution pattern in which most bacterial species are present in low abundance. Due to the relatively small size of most culture-independent sequencing surveys, a detailed phylogenetic analysis of rare members of the community is lacking. To gain access to the rarely sampled soil biosphere, we analyzed a data set of 13,001 near-full-length 16S rRNA gene clones derived from an undisturbed tall grass prairie soil in central Oklahoma. Rare members of the soil bacterial community (empirically defined at two different abundance cutoffs) represented 18.1 to 37.1% of the total number of clones in the data set and were, on average, less similar to their closest relatives in public databases when compared to more abundant members of the community. Detailed phylogenetic analyses indicated that members of the soil rare biosphere either belonged to novel bacterial lineages (members of five novel bacterial phyla identified in the data set, as well as members of multiple novel lineages within previously described phyla or candidate phyla), to lineages that are prevalent in other environments but rarely encountered in soil, or were close relatives to more abundant taxa in the data set. While a fraction of the rare community was closely related to more abundant taxonomic groups in the data set, a significant portion of the rare biosphere represented evolutionarily distinct lineages at various taxonomic cutoffs. We reason that these novelty and uniqueness patterns provide clues regarding the origins and potential ecological roles of members of the soil's rare biosphere. C1 [Elshahed, Mostafa S.; Youssef, Noha H.; Davis, James P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Spain, Anne M.; Sheik, Cody; Krumholz, Lee R.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Spain, Anne M.; Sheik, Cody; Krumholz, Lee R.] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Energy & Environm, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Najar, Fares Z.; Sukharnikov, Leonid O.; Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Najar, Fares Z.; Sukharnikov, Leonid O.; Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Ctr Genome Technol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schloss, Patrick D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bailey, Vanessa L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Microbiol, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Elshahed, MS (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 1110 S Innovat Way, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM Mostafa@okstate.edu OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890; Davis, James/0000-0002-8715-7857; Sheik, Cody/0000-0003-0413-1924; Schloss, Patrick/0000-0002-6935-4275 FU the National Science Foundation Microbial Observatories program [MCB_0240683]; the DOE Small Laboratory Science Program (V. L. B.); the Oklahoma State University Start-up fund (M. S. E.) FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation Microbial Observatories program (grant no. MCB_0240683), the DOE Small Laboratory Science Program (V. L. B.), and the Oklahoma State University Start-up fund (M. S. E.). NR 37 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 17 BP 5422 EP 5428 DI 10.1128/AEM.00410-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 343CB UT WOS:000258829100019 PM 18606799 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Morse, SA Martinez, KF Chakraborty, R Marrone, BL Messenger, SL Murch, RS Jackson, PJ Williamson, P Harmon, R Velsko, SP AF Budowle, Bruce Schutzer, Steven E. Morse, Stephen A. Martinez, Kenneth F. Chakraborty, Ranajit Marrone, Babetta L. Messenger, Sharon L. Murch, Randall S. Jackson, Paul J. Williamson, Phillip Harmon, Rockne Velsko, Stephan P. TI Criteria for validation of methods in microbial forensics SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SAMPLE COLLECTION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PCR; ANTIGEN; TESTS C1 [Schutzer, Steven E.] UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Budowle, Bruce] Fed Bur Invest Lab, Quantico, VA USA. [Morse, Stephen A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martinez, Kenneth F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Chakraborty, Ranajit] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Marrone, Babetta L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Messenger, Sharon L.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. [Murch, Randall S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alexandria, VA USA. [Jackson, Paul J.; Velsko, Stephan P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Williamson, Phillip] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Harmon, Rockne] Off Dist Attorney, Oakland, CA USA. RP Schutzer, SE (reprint author), UMDNJ, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM schutzer@umdnj.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 18 BP 5599 EP 5607 DI 10.1128/AEM.00966-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 345SR UT WOS:000259017400001 PM 18658281 ER PT J AU Pierce, EM Rodriguez, EA Calligan, LJ Shaw, WJ McGrail, BP AF Pierce, Eric M. Rodriguez, Elsa A. Calligan, L. J. Shaw, Wendy J. McGrail, B. Pete TI An experimental study of the dissolution rates of simulated aluminoborosilicate waste glasses as a function of pH and temperature under dilute conditions SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; BOROSILICATE GLASS; CHEMICAL AFFINITY; ALUMINOSILICATE DISSOLUTION; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; KAOLINITE DISSOLUTION; ALTERATION MECHANISMS; ALTERATION KINETICS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NUCLEAR GLASS AB Single-pass flow-through tests were conducted to determine the pH (7-12) and temperature (23-90 degrees C) dependence of kinetic rate law parameters: k(o), eta, and E-a, for the dissolution of glass in aqueous solution. Experiments were performed with three prototypic nuclear waste glasses that span a wide compositional range, which covers, with high probability, the expected processing composition range for candidate immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW) glasses. Comparison of the B to Na release rates for one glass was incongruent at 23 and 40 degrees C, and pH (23 IQ = 7.0 and 8.0, suggesting two distinct mechanisms are responsible for the Na+ release, namely Na+-H+ ion-exchange and matrix dissolution. Matrix dissolution became the dominant dissolution mechanism for all glasses at the forward rate and pH values greater than 9.0 as evident by the congruent release of Al, B, Na and Si to solution. By combining the results collected for each ILAW glass at pH values greater than 9.0, pH and temperature-dependent rate law parameters were determined for Al, B, Na and Si release. A comparison of the pH power-law coefficient for Al, B, Na and Si at each temperature suggest that q does not depend on temperature within experimental error and suggests the release of these elements into solution is controlled by the same dissolution mechanism at the forward rate of reaction. The activation energies (E,), based on B release, range from 52 4 to 56 6 kJ/mol which suggest that dissolution is a surface-controlled reaction mechanism. The data presented in this manuscript suggest that for these three [LAW glasses the chemical durability for each glass is similar under these test conditions. A lack of compositional dependence on the forward dissolution rate is observed even though there is as much as a 39 kJ/mol difference in the free energy of hydration (Delta G(hyd)) among the borosilicate waste glasses tested. This similarity in the forward dissolution rate despite the large Delta G(hyd) difference is almost certainly because these glasses have similar, if not identical, polymerization states. This is evident from the almost identical Si-29 chemical shifts for each of these glasses. The polymerization state is an indication of the number of framework SiO4 linkages contained in the glass network. In general, the greater the number of framework SiO4 linkages the more durable the glass. Finally, in agreement with previous work. these results suggest breakage of the Si-O bond is the rate-determining dissolution mechanism under alkaline conditions [pH (23 degrees C) > 9.0] far from saturation with respect to an alteration phase or phases. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pierce, Eric M.; Rodriguez, Elsa A.; Shaw, Wendy J.; McGrail, B. Pete] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Calligan, L. J.] Texas So Univ, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Pierce, EM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 999,MS K3-62, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Eric.Pierce@pnl.gov RI Pierce, Eric/G-1615-2011 OI Pierce, Eric/0000-0002-4951-1931 FU CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. (Richland, Washington); Fred Mann; Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL; PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors would like to acknowledge CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. (Richland, Washington) and Fre Mann for providing project funding. The authors would like to express gratitude to S.R. Baum, of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), for providing high quality analytical data from sample solutions and thanks J.L. Steele (PNNL) and J.V. Crum (PNNL) for their assistance with various aspects of this work. Helpful comments provided by D.M. Strachan (PNNL) and J.P. Icenhower (PNNL) are also appreciated. We would also like to acknowledge the student funding obtained from the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program (L.J. Calligan) being administered at PNNL. A portion of this research was performed in part with the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometers in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 75 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2559 EP 2573 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.006 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 358PR UT WOS:000259930500002 ER PT J AU Um, W Serne, RJ Brown, CF Rod, KA AF Um, Wooyong Serne, R. Jeffrey Brown, Christopher F. Rod, Kenton A. TI Uranium(VI) sorption on iron oxides in Hanford Site sediment: Application of a surface complexation model SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; U(VI) AB Sorption of U(VI) on Hanford fine sand (HFS) with varying Fe-oxide (especially ferrihydrite) contents showed that U(VI) sorption increased with the incremental addition of synthetic ferrihydrite into HFS. consistent with ferrihydrite being one of the most reactive U(VI) sorbents present in natural sediments. Surface complexation model (SCM) calculations for U(VI) sorption, using only U(VI) surface-reaction constants obtained from U(VI) sorption data on freshly synthesized ferrihydrite at different pHs, were similar to the measured U(VI) sorption results on pure synthetic ferrihydrite and on HFS with high contents of ferrihydrite (5 wt%) added. However, the SCM prediction using only U(VI) sorption reactions and constants for synthetic ferrihydrite overestimated U(VI) sorption on the natural HFS or HFS with addition of low amounts of added ferrihydrite (1 wt% added). Over-predicted U(VI) sorption was attributed to reduced reactivity of natural ferrihydrite present in Hanford Site sediments, compared to freshly prepared synthetic ferrihydrite. Even though the SCM general composite (GC) approach is considered to be a semi-quantitative estimation technique for contaminant sorption, which requires systematic experimental data on the sorbent-sorbate system being studied to obtain credible SCM parameters, the general composite SCM model was still found to be a useful technique for describing U(VI) sorption on natural sediments. Based on U(VI) batch sorption results, two simple U(VI) monodentate surface species, SO_UO2HCO3 and SO_UO2OH on ferrihydrite and phyllosillicate in HFS, respectively. can be successfully used to describe U(VI) sorption onto Hanford Site sediment contacting varying geochemical solutions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Um, Wooyong; Serne, R. Jeffrey; Brown, Christopher F.; Rod, Kenton A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Um, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Wooyong.um@pnl.gov FU CH2M-Hill Hanford Company; US Department of Energy [DE-AC006-76RLO 1830] FX This study was conducted in support of the Hanford tank farm vadose zone project with funding from CH2M-Hill Hanford Company. The continued programmatic and technical support of Dr. Fred Mann with CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. is greatly appreciated. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNC) is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC006-76RLO 1830. Eric Clayton and Steven Baum in Applied Geology and Geochemistry [AGG] group at PNNL are also gratefully acknowledged for their help in sample preparation and analyses. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve this manuscript. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2649 EP 2657 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.013 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 358PR UT WOS:000259930500009 ER PT J AU Wigand, M Carey, JW Schutta, H Spangenberg, E Erzinger, J AF Wigand, M. Carey, J. W. Schutta, H. Spangenberg, E. Erzinger, J. TI Geochemical effects of CO2 sequestration in sandstones under simulated in situ conditions of deep saline aquifers SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNDERGROUND-STORAGE; ACTIVE-SITES; WATER; GASES; INJECTION; DOLOMITE; ROCK; RESERVOIRS AB The geochemical effects of brine and supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) on reservoir rocks from deep (1500-2000 m) saline aquifers were examined via experimental simulation at in situ conditions. Dry sandstone samples were mounted in a triaxial cell and autoclave system, evacuated, and saturated with 1 M NaCl solution. The brine-rock system was allowed to react at 30 MPa confining pressure, 15 MPa pore fluid pressure, and 60 degrees C while SCCO2 Was injected at a pressure gradient of 1-2 MPa. The experiment was conducted for a period of 1496 h, during which fluids were periodically sampled and analyzed. The pH measured in partially degassed fluid samples at 25 degrees C decreased from a starting value of 7.0-4.3 (9 days) and finally 5.1 after saturation with SCCO2. Fluid analyses indicate that most of the major (e.g. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (e.g. Sr, Ba, Ph) of the sandstone increase in concentration during the reaction with brine and SCCO2. These results are supported by scanning electron microscopy which indicates dissolution of dolomite cement. K-feldspar, and albite. In addition to dissolution reactions the formation of montmorillonite was observed. By adjusting surface area and reaction rates of dissolution and precipitation, geochemical modeling of the experiments could reproduce long-term trends in solution chemistry and indicated limited rates of dissolution as the system remained strongly undersaturated with most minerals, including carbonates. The geochemical models could not account for decreases in concentration of some elements. changes in solution composition resulting from changes in imposed pressure gradient, and the observed Ca/Mg and Si/Al ratios in solution. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wigand, M.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77002 USA. [Wigand, M.; Schutta, H.; Spangenberg, E.; Erzinger, J.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Wigand, M.; Carey, J. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C CSE, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Wigand, M (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, 1500 Louisiana, Houston, TX 77002 USA. EM MWJM@chevron.com RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (LDRD/DR) FX The contributions of the GFZ Potsdam to the CO2 Capture Project (CCP) were initiated and directed by Guenther Borm, Joerg Erzinger and Ernst Huenges. Funding for the geochemical modeling and the XRD analyses was provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LDRD/DR). This manuscript is assigned LANL LA-UR-07-4764. The authors are grateful to Knut Hahne, Heike Rothe, and Sabine Tonn for performing the ICP-MS and ICP-OES analyses. The authors wish to thank Oona Appelt, Helga Kemnitz, and Dieter Rhede for their help with the EMP analyses and the SEM investigation. XRD analyses were performed by Steve Chipera at EES-6 Division / Los Alamos National Laboratory. The sandstone sample was provided by Ute Trautwein. Liane Liebeskind and Olaf Ryll assisted LIS with the experiments using the triaxial cell. Special thanks go to Siegfried Raab for his help in improving the experimental setup. We would like to thank John Kaszuba for his helpful comments that significantly improved the manuscript. Dr. Geoffrey Thyne and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive and detailed reviews of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2735 EP 2745 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.06.006 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 358PR UT WOS:000259930500017 ER PT J AU Guss, GM Bass, IL Hackel, RP Mailhiot, C Demos, SG AF Guss, Gabe M. Bass, Isaac L. Hackel, Richard P. Mailhiot, Christian Demos, Stavros G. TI In situ monitoring of surface postprocessing in large-aperture fused silica optics with optical coherence tomography SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is explored as a method to image laser-damage sites located on the surface of large aperture fused silica optics during postprocessing via CO2 laser ablation. The signal analysis for image acquisition was adapted to meet the sensitivity requirements for this application. A long-working-distance geometry was employed to allow imaging through the opposite surface of the 5 cm thick optic. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of OCT for remote monitoring of transparent material processing applications. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Guss, Gabe M.; Bass, Isaac L.; Hackel, Richard P.; Mailhiot, Christian; Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Demos1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 25 BP 4569 EP 4573 DI 10.1364/AO.47.004569 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 351GP UT WOS:000259413000013 PM 18758527 ER PT J AU Pearman, WF Carter, JC Angel, SM Chan, JWJ AF Pearman, William F. Carter, J. Chance Angel, S. Michael Chan, James W-J. TI Quantitative measurements of CO2 and CH4 using a multipass Raman capillary cell SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CORE OPTICAL-FIBER; SPECTROSCOPY; GAS AB Raman measurements of two common gases are made using a simple multipass capillary Raman cell (MCC) coupled to an unfiltered 18 around I fiber-optic Raman probe. The MCC, which is fabricated by chemical deposition of silver on the inner walls of a 2 mm inner diameter glass capillary tube, gives up to 20-fold signal enhancements for nonabsorbing gases. The device is relatively small and suitable for remote and in situ Raman measurements with optical fibers. The optical behavior of the MCC is similar to previously described liquid-core waveguides and hollow metal-coated waveguides used for laser transmission, but unlike the former devices, the MCC is generally applicable to a very wide range of nonabsorbing gases. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Pearman, William F.; Angel, S. Michael] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Carter, J. Chance; Chan, James W-J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Angel, SM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM angel@mail.chem.sc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (W-7405-Eng-48 and DE-AC52-07NA27344) under contract B526537. The authors also thank M. King at Angel Gilding for his correspondence regarding the silvering solutions. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 25 BP 4627 EP 4632 DI 10.1364/AO.47.004627 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 351GP UT WOS:000259413000020 PM 18758534 ER PT J AU Soufli, R Aquila, AL Salmassi, F Fernandez-Perea, M Gullikson, EM AF Soufli, Regina Aquila, Andrew L. Salmassi, Farhad Fernandez-Perea, Monica Gullikson, Eric M. TI Optical constants of magnetron-sputtered boron carbide thin films from photoabsorption data in the range 30 to 770 eV SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; COATINGS; REGION; ALS AB This work discusses the experimental determination of the optical constants (refractive index) of DC-magnetron-sputtered boron carbide films in the 30-770eV photon energy range. Transmittance measurements of three boron carbide films with thicknesses of 54.2, 79.0, and 112.5 nm were performed for this purpose. These are believed to be the first published experimental data for the refractive index of boron carbide films in the photon energy range above 160 eV and for the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure regions around the boron K (188 eV), carbon K (284.2 eV), and oxygen K (543.1 eV) absorption edges. The density, composition, surface chemistry, and morphology of the films were also investigated using Rutherford backscattering, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and extreme ultraviolet reflectance measurements. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Soufli, Regina] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Aquila, Andrew L.; Salmassi, Farhad; Gullikson, Eric M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fernandez-Perea, Monica] CSIC, Inst Fis Aplicada, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM regina.soufli@llnl.gov FU Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain) [I3P (Ref. I3P-BPD2004)]; European Social Fund; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC03-76F00098] FX The authors are thankful to Jeff C. Robinson (LLNL) for assistance with the thin film deposition, Franklin J. Dollar (LBNL) for assistance with the EUV reflectance measurements, Sherry L. Baker (LLNL) for the atomic force microscopy and SEM measurements, Cheng L. Saw (LLNL) for LAXRD measurements, and Richard Bionta, Michael J. Pivovaroff, and Donn McMahon (LLNL) for support. We thank Angela Craig, Bruce Rothman, and Patrick Schnabel (Evans Analytical Group, Sunnyvale, California) for the XPS and RBS measurements. Financial support for M. Fernandez-Perea was provided by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain) under the Programa I3P (Ref. I3P-BPD2004), partially supported by the European Social Fund. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 25 BP 4633 EP 4639 DI 10.1364/AO.47.004633 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 351GP UT WOS:000259413000021 PM 18758535 ER PT J AU Bolme, CA Funk, DJ AF Bolme, C. A. Funk, D. J. TI Ultrafast dynamic ellipsometry measurements of early time laser ablation of titanium thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVES; PHASE; INTERFEROMETRY; AMPLITUDE; VELOCITIES; PRESSURE; PULSES; PLASMA AB The dynamics of laser ablated titanium thin films are investigated using a recently developed technique that measures time-resolved and one-dimensional spatially-resolved ablation dynamics in a single shot. Ultrafast dynamic ellipsometry, a technique based on space-shifted spectral interferometry, uses the time-dependent frequency of a chirped laser pulse to provide time encoding, allowing the picosecond probing of material dynamics in a single shot. With this technique, the sample is probed at two different incident angles with both s- and p-polarized light, which measures the motion of the material and any change in its complex refractive index. Ultrafast dynamic ellipsometry is applied to study the mechanism of initiation by laser-based optical detonators that employ the ablation of titanium thin films. The resulting data indicate that the titanium is ablated as a fragmented flyer and not as an expanding plasma. C1 [Bolme, C. A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Funk, D. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bolme, CA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cbolme@lanl.gov OI Bolme, Cynthia/0000-0002-1880-271X FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 92 IS 4 BP 761 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s00339-008-4612-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 337QW UT WOS:000258451600004 ER PT J AU Kaminski, CF Watt, RS Elder, AD Frank, JH Hult, J AF Kaminski, C. F. Watt, R. S. Elder, A. D. Frank, J. H. Hult, J. TI Supercontinuum radiation for applications in chemical sensing and microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL FIBERS; BAND ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PULSED SUPER-CONTINUA; SINGLE-MODE FIBER; OPTICAL-FIBERS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; DISPERSION MEASUREMENT; RESPONSE FUNCTION; MU-M; GENERATION AB The advent of compact, high brightness supercontinuum radiation sources employing solid core photonic crystal fibres is beginning to make an impact across the field of applied spectroscopy research. In this article we focus on the use of supercontinuum sources to construct novel instrumentation for chemical sensing. A brief overview is given on the mechanisms of supercontinuum generation in solid core photonic crystal fibres, and then we review recent, and present new, results from our own research. We present examples on gas phase sensing applications, permitting wide bandwidth molecular spectra to be gathered at ultrahigh speed. Furthermore we demonstrate the design and construction of a wide bandwidth microscope for wavelength flexible hyperspectral confocal imaging. We conclude with an outlook and a summary of where and how we think the field may develop over coming years. C1 [Kaminski, C. F.; Watt, R. S.; Elder, A. D.; Hult, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. [Kaminski, C. F.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, SAOT Sch Adv Opt Technol, Max Planck Res Grp, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Frank, J. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hult, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. EM jfh36@cam.ac.uk RI Kaminski, Clemens/G-7488-2016 NR 67 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s00340-008-3132-1 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 341HA UT WOS:000258703600009 ER PT J AU Chen, HT Palit, S Tyler, T Bingham, CM Zide, JMO O'Hara, JF Smith, DR Gossard, AC Averitt, RD Padilla, WJ Jokerst, NM Taylor, AJ AF Chen, Hou-Tong Palit, Sabarni Tyler, Talmage Bingham, Christopher M. Zide, Joshua M. O. O'Hara, John F. Smith, David R. Gossard, Arthur C. Averitt, Richard D. Padilla, Willie J. Jokerst, Nan M. Taylor, Antoinette J. TI Hybrid metamaterials enable fast electrical modulation of freely propagating terahertz waves SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB We demonstrate fast electrical modulation of freely propagating terahertz waves at room temperature using hybrid metamaterial devices. The devices are planar metamaterials fabricated on doped semiconductor epitaxial layers, which form hybrid metamaterial-Schottky diode structures. With an applied ac voltage bias, we show modulation of terahertz radiation at inferred frequencies over 2 MHz. The modulation speed is limited by the device depletion capacitance which may be reduced for even faster operation. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; O'Hara, John F.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Palit, Sabarni; Tyler, Talmage; Smith, David R.; Jokerst, Nan M.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bingham, Christopher M.; Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Zide, Joshua M. O.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Averitt, Richard D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, MS K771, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov RI Chen, Hou-Tong/C-6860-2009; Zide, Joshua/B-5105-2010; Smith, David/E-4710-2012; Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008; Bingham, Chris/D-9951-2011 OI Chen, Hou-Tong/0000-0003-2014-7571; Zide, Joshua/0000-0002-6378-7221; Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847; FU Office of Naval Research [N000140710819]; U. S. Department of Energy [AC5206NA25396] FX We thank Dr. Abul Azad for his support in terahertz measurements, Dr. Martin Brooke for his equivalent circuit and test discussions, and Dr. April Brown for material growths. We acknowledge support from the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program. W.J.P. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N000140710819. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Nanoscale Science Research Center operated jointly by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 22 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 9 AR 091117 DI 10.1063/1.2978071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345DH UT WOS:000258975800017 ER PT J AU Crawford, CW Xu, SJ Siegel, EJ Budker, D Pines, A AF Crawford, C. W. Xu, Shoujun Siegel, Eric J. Budker, Dmitry Pines, Alexander TI Fluid-flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; MAGNETOMETER; MRI AB A technique for noninvasive monitoring of flow inside metallic enclosures using laser-based atomic magnetometry is introduced. The analyte is labeled via nuclear magnetization by magnets, thereby combining the polarization and encoding steps. No radiofrequency or audiofrequency pulses are involved. We demonstrate detection of flow inside an aluminum pipe with an inner diameter of 4.9 mm that has a constriction with a diameter of 1.6 mm and a length of 6.4 mm. The results agree with a model of spin density and relaxation indicating that our technique allows for fast, quantitative, and noninvasive diagnostics of flow with potential applications discussed below. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Crawford, C. W.; Xu, Shoujun; Siegel, Eric J.; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crawford, C. W.; Xu, Shoujun; Siegel, Eric J.; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Budker, Dmitry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Budker, Dmitry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crawford, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cwcraw@gmail.com RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC020-5CH11231]; Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FD-N00014-05-1-0406] FX We thank Dr. Andreas Trabesinger for stimulating discussion. We also thank David Michalak, Micah Ledbetter, and Victor Acosta for patiently reviewing this paper. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U. S. Department of Energy (contract No. DE-AC020-5CH11231). D. B. acknowledges support by the Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative grant (contract No. FD-N00014-05-1-0406). NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 9 AR 092507 DI 10.1063/1.2977773 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345DH UT WOS:000258975800042 ER PT J AU Herrera, M Chi, M Bonds, M Browning, ND Woolman, JN Kvaas, RE Harris, SF Rhiger, DR Hill, CJ AF Herrera, M. Chi, M. Bonds, M. Browning, N. D. Woolman, Joseph N. Kvaas, Robert E. Harris, Sean F. Rhiger, David R. Hill, Cory J. TI Atomic scale analysis of the effect of the SiO(2) passivation treatment on InAs/GaSb superlattice mesa sidewall SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DETECTORS; PHOTODIODES; WAVELENGTH AB We have analyzed by electron microscopy techniques the effect of the deposition of a SiO(2) passivation layer on an InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (SL) mesa with applications as a photodetector. Our images reveal good conformal coverage by the SiO(2) upon an undulating edge of the SL mesa. However, we have observed scarce As clusters at the interface between the SL mesa and the passivation layer and some degree of oxidation of the mesa sidewall. The strong reduction in surface leakage currents demonstrates that the observed imperfections do not have a substantial detrimental effect on the passivation capabilities of the SiO(2) layer. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Herrera, M.; Chi, M.; Bonds, M.; Browning, N. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chi, M.; Browning, N. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Woolman, Joseph N.; Kvaas, Robert E.; Harris, Sean F.; Rhiger, David R.] Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Hill, Cory J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Herrera, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM miriam.herrera@uca.es RI Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; OI Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Herrera Collado, Miriam/0000-0002-2325-5941; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU European Union [MOIF-CF-2006-21423]; DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46057]; Missile Defense Agency FX This work was supported by a grant from the European Union under Contract No. MOIF-CF-2006-21423 and in part by DOE (Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46057). Additional support was provided by the Missile Defense Agency under Meimei Tidrow. The material growth described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 9 AR 093106 DI 10.1063/1.2977589 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345DH UT WOS:000258975800057 ER PT J AU Burr, T Myers, K AF Burr, Tom Myers, Kary TI Signatures for several types of naturally occurring radioactive materials SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE passive gamma counting; feature selection; pattern recognition; naturally occurring radioactive materials; signatures; multi-dimensional scaling ID BORDER CROSSINGS; CLASSIFICATION AB Detectors to scan for illicit nuclear material began to be installed at various screening locations in 2002. On the sites considered, each vehicle drives slowly by radiation detectors that scan for neutron and gamma radiation, resulting in a time series profile. One performance limitation is that naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), such as cat litter, are routinely shipped across borders, leading to nuisance alarms. One strategy for nuisance alarms is to define and recognize "signatures" of certain types of NORM so that many nuisance alarms can be quickly resolved as being innocent. Here, we consider candidate profile features, such as the peak width and the maximum energy ratio, and use pattern recognition methods to illustrate the extent to which several common types of NORM can be distinguished. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burr, Tom; Myers, Kary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burr, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tburr@lanl.gov OI Myers, Kary/0000-0002-5642-959X NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1250 EP 1261 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.080 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 349FG UT WOS:000259266100013 PM 18378153 ER PT J AU York, RL Holinga, GJ Guyer, DR McCrea, KR Ward, RS Somorjai, GA AF York, Roger L. Holinga, George J. Guyer, Dean R. McCrea, Keith R. Ward, Robert S. Somorjai, Gabor A. TI A new optical parametric amplifier based on lithium thioindate used for sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopic studies of the amide I mode of an interfacial model peptide SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE sum frequency generation; SFG; lithium thioindate; LIS; biointerface; LK peptide; solid-liquid interface; silver gallium sulfide ID HYDROPHOBIC POLYSTYRENE; HYDROPHILIC SILICA; LIQUID INTERFACES; SURFACE SCIENCE; SFG; CONFORMATION; PROTEINS; SITU; ORIENTATION; ADSORPTION AB We describe a new optical parametric amplifier (OPA) that employs lithium thioindate, LiInS2 (LIS), to create tunable infrared light between 1500 cm(-1) and 2000 cm(-1). The OPA based on LIS described within provides intense infrared light with a good beam profile relative to similar OPAs built on silver gallium sulfide, AgGaS2 (AGS), or silver gallium selenide, AgGaSe2 (AGSe). We have used the new LIS OPA to perform surface-specific sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy of the amide I vibrational mode of a model peptide at the hydrophobic deuterated polystyrene (d(g)-PS)-phosphate buffered saline interface. This model polypeptide (which is known to be an a-helix in the bulk solution under the high ionic strength conditions employed here) contains hydrophobic leucyl (L) residues and hydrophilic lysyl (K) residues, with sequence Ac-LKKLLKLLKKLLKL-NH2. The amide I mode at the d(g)-PS-buffer interface was found to be centered around 1655 cm(-1). This can be interpreted as the peptide having maintained its a-helical structure when adsorbed on the hydrophobic surface, although other interpretations are discussed. C1 [York, Roger L.; Holinga, George J.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [York, Roger L.; Holinga, George J.; Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guyer, Dean R.] LaserVis, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. [McCrea, Keith R.; Ward, Robert S.] Polymer Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI York, Roger/C-6547-2008 OI York, Roger/0000-0002-5105-6800 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIH [R21EB005262] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional support was provided by the NIH through grant R21EB005262. We would like to thank William K. Browne and Prof. Phillip Geissler for insightful discussions. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 26 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 62 IS 9 BP 937 EP 940 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 352FW UT WOS:000259482200003 PM 18801230 ER PT J AU Xiong, YL AF Xiong, Yongliang TI Thermodynamic properties of brucite determined by solubility studies and their significance to nuclear waste isolation SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solubility studies; specific interaction theory (SIT); Pitzer equations; solubility constants; hydromagnesite; nuclear waste isolation ID ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; IONIC STRENGTHS; SYSTEM; 25-DEGREES-C; WATER; TEMPERATURES; PREDICTION; EQUILIBRIA AB Solubility experiments were conducted for the dissolution reaction of brucite, Mg(OH)(2) (cr): Mg(OH)(2)(cr) + 2H(+) = Mg(2+) + 2H(2)O. Experiments were conducted from undersaturation in deionized ( DI) water and 0.010-4.4 m NaCl solutions at 22.5 degrees C. In addition, brucite solubility was measured from supersaturation in an experiment in which brucite was precipitated via dropwise addition of 0.10 m NaOH into a 0.10 m MgCl(2) solution also at 22.5 degrees C. The attainment of the reversal in equilibrium was demonstrated in this study. The solubility constant at 22.5 degrees C at infinite dilution calculated from the experimental results from the direction of supersaturation by using the specific interaction theory (SIT) is: log K(s)degrees = 17: 2 +/- 0.2 (2 sigma) with a corresponding value of 17.0 +/- 0.2 (2 sigma) when extrapolated to 25 degrees C. The dimensionless standard chemical potential (mu degrees/RT) of brucite derived from the solubility data in 0.010 m to 4.4 m NaCl solutions from undersaturation extrapolated to 25 degrees C is -335.76 +/- 0.45 (2 sigma), with the corresponding Gibbs free energy of formation of brucite, Delta(f)G degrees(298: 15;brucite), being -832.3 +/- 1.1 (2 sigma) kJ mol(-1). In combination with the auxiliary thermodynamic data, the log K(s)degrees is calculated to be 17.1 +/- 0.2 (2 sigma), based on the above Gibbs free energy of formation for brucite. This study recommends an average value of 17.05 +/- 0.2 in logarithmic unit as solubility constant of brucite at 25 degrees C, according to the values from both supersaturation and undersaturation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Xiong, YL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, 4100 Natl Pk Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. EM yxiong@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10498-008-9034-3 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 330AM UT WOS:000257911700003 ER PT J AU Badia, S Codina, R AF Badia, S. Codina, R. TI Algebraic pressure segregation methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations SO ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID FINITE-ELEMENT APPROXIMATION; FRACTIONAL-STEP METHOD; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; CORRECTION PROJECTION METHODS; SADDLE-POINT PROBLEMS; DIMENSIONAL APPROXIMATION; SPLITTING METHODS; POISSON EQUATION; FLOWS; STABILITY AB This work is an overview of algebraic pressure segregation methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. These methods can be understood as an inexact LU block factorization of the original system matrix. We have considered a wide set of methods: algebraic pressure correction methods, algebraic velocity correction methods and the Yosida method. Higher order schemes, based on improved factorizations, are also introduced. We have also explained the relationship between these pressure segregation methods and some widely used preconditioners, and we have introduced predictor-corrector methods, one-loop algorithms where nonlinearity and iterations towards the monolithic system are coupled. C1 [Badia, S.; Codina, R.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, CIMNE, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Badia, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sbadia@cimne.upc.edu; ramon.codina@upc.edu RI Codina, Ramon/I-2311-2014; Badia, Santiago/L-8565-2014 OI Codina, Ramon/0000-0002-7412-778X; Badia, Santiago/0000-0003-2391-4086 NR 99 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1134-3060 EI 1886-1784 J9 ARCH COMPUT METHOD E JI Arch. Comput. Method Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 343 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s11831-008-9020-3 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA 332LQ UT WOS:000258084900004 ER PT J AU Theis, KA Hootman, JM Helmick, CG AF Theis, Kristina A. Hootman, Jennifer M. Helmick, Charles G. TI Arthritis treatment among US adults: Prevalence and satisfaction SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Theis, Kristina A.] CDC, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S931 EP S931 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244202559 ER PT J AU Theis, KA Helmick, CG Hootman, JM AF Theis, Kristina A. Helmick, Charles G. Hootman, Jennifer M. TI Arthritis impact on 3 work measures SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/43rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Theis, Kristina A.] CDC, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 SU S BP S643 EP S643 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348XU UT WOS:000259244201529 ER PT J AU Lawrence, T Roth, K Crawley, DB Brodrick, J AF Lawrence, Tyson Roth, Kurt Crawley, Drury B. Brodrick, James TI Toplighting & lighting controls for commercial buildings SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lawrence, Tyson] Insight Prod Dev, Maynard, MA USA. [Roth, Kurt] TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Lawrence, T (reprint author), Insight Prod Dev, Maynard, MA USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 50 IS 9 BP 92 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 350KY UT WOS:000259352500016 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DI Harrison, TE Coughlin, JL McNamara, BJ Holtzman, JA Taylor, GE Vestrand, WT AF Hoffman, D. I. Harrison, T. E. Coughlin, J. L. McNamara, B. J. Holtzman, J. A. Taylor, G. E. Vestrand, W. T. TI New beta Lyrae and Algol candidates from the Northern Sky Variability Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing ID LOW-MASS STARS; TIME-SERIES; CATALOG; MODEL AB We have classified 409 objects in the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS) as new beta Lyrae or Algol-type eclipsing binaries. These candidates have outside of eclipse magnitudes of similar to 10-13. Through automated Fourier analysis routines and some manual inspection, we list the period, eclipse depths, coordinates, an estimate of the time of primary eclipse, and the 2MASS colors for these candidates. This list of new beta Lyrae type candidates greatly increases the number of known systems of this type. We have also identified 37 candidate low-mass, main-sequence pairs (M(1,2) < 1M(circle dot), T < 5500 K) in the NSVS database. If confirmed, these systems will greatly increase the number of such low-mass systems known as well as help constrain atmospheric models for these types of stars. C1 [Hoffman, D. I.; Harrison, T. E.; Coughlin, J. L.; McNamara, B. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Taylor, G. E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Vestrand, W. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hoffman, DI (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Box 30001,MSC45000, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM dhoffman@nmsu.edu; tharriso@nmsu.edu; jlcough@nmsu.edu; bmcnamar@nmsu.edu; holtz@nmsu.edu; vestrand@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1067 EP 1078 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1067 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338AS UT WOS:000258477800015 ER PT J AU Hodge, JA Becker, RH White, RL de Vries, WH AF Hodge, J. A. Becker, R. H. White, R. L. de Vries, W. H. TI Radio detection of radio-quiet galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : stellar content; radio continuum : galaxies ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMATION RATES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; EMISSION-LINE SPECTRA; FORMING GALAXIES; HOST GALAXIES; DATA RELEASE; 1ST SURVEY; 1.4 GHZ AB We investigate the radio emission of similar to 185,000 quiescent ( optically unclassifiable) galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). By median-stacking Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeter ( FIRST) cutouts centered on the optically-selected sources, we are able to reach flux densities down to the 10s of mu Jy. The quiescent galaxy sample is composed of two subgroups inhabiting vastly different regimes: those targeted for the SDSS MAIN galaxy sample (similar to 55%) and those targeted for the Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample (similar to 45%). To investigate the star formation of these quiescent galaxies, we calibrate a radio to star-formation rate (SFR) conversion using a third sample of star-forming ( SF) galaxies. We confirm a tight power-law dependence for the SF sample, where L-1.4GHz similar to(SFR)(1.37). Comparing this SFR-indicator with indicators in the optical and UV, we derive conflicting SFR estimates for the MAIN sample quiescent galaxies. These radio-derived SFRs intersect those calculated using the 4000 angstrom break (D4000) around an SFR of 1M(circle dot) yr(-1) and agree to within a factor of 3 over the range of SFRs. However, we find that the radio-derived SFRs are too high relative to the SFRs estimated for similar populations of galaxies using analysis of UV emission, implying either contamination of the radio by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) or incomplete dust modeling. If AGN activity is dominant in these galaxies, then a relation between AGN radio luminosity and galaxy mass is required to explain the observed trends. For the LRGs, on the other hand, we find the radio luminosity to be relatively high ( compared to the SF galaxies) and independent of SFR as derived from D4000, indicating that an AGN component dominates their radio emission. AGN-based radio emission often implies the existence of radio jets, providing evidence of a mechanism for low-level feedback in these quiescent LRGs. C1 [Hodge, J. A.; Becker, R. H.; de Vries, W. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Becker, R. H.; de Vries, W. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [White, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hodge, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hodge@physics.ucdavis.edu RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1097 EP 1109 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1097 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338AS UT WOS:000258477800018 ER PT J AU Fraser, OJ Hawley, SL Cook, KH AF Fraser, Oliver J. Hawley, Suzanne L. Cook, Kem H. TI The properties of long-period variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud from MACHO SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (LMC); stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : variables : other ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; SECONDARY PERIODS; ELLIPSOIDAL VARIABILITY; BEAT CEPHEIDS; LIGHT CURVES; 2ND OVERTONE; RED GIANTS AB We present a new analysis of the long-period variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) from the MACHO Variable Star Catalog. Three-quarters of our sample of evolved, variable stars have periodic light curves. We characterize the stars in our sample using the multiple periods found in their frequency spectra. Additionally, we use single-epoch Two Micron All Sky Survey measurements to construct the average infrared light curves for different groups of these stars. Comparison with evolutionary models shows that stars on the red giant branch (RGB) or the early asymptotic giant branch (AGB) often show non-periodic variability, but begin to pulsate with periods on the two shortest period-luminosity (P-L) sequences (3 & 4) when they brighten to K-s approximate to 13. The stars on the thermally pulsing AGB are more likely to pulsate with longer periods that lie on the next two P-L sequences ( 1 & 2), including the sequence associated with the Miras in the LMC. The Petersen diagram and its variants show that multi-periodic stars on each pair of these sequences ( 3 & 4, and 1 & 2) typically pulsate with periods associated only with that pair. The periods in these multi-periodic stars become longer and stronger as the star evolves. We further constrain the mechanism behind the long secondary periods (LSPs) seen in half of our sample, and find that there is a close match between the luminosity functions of the LSP stars and all of the stars in our sample, and that these star's pulsation amplitudes are relatively wavelength independent. Although this is characteristic of stellar multiplicity, the large number of these variables is problematic for that explanation. C1 [Fraser, Oliver J.; Hawley, Suzanne L.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cook, Kem H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fraser, OJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM fraser@astro.washington.edu; slh@astro.washington.edu; kcook@llnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy through the University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; National Science Foundation; U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This paper utilizes public domain data obtained by the MACHO Project, jointly funded by the U. S. Department of Energy through the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract no. W-7405-Eng-48, by the National Science Foundation through the Center for Particle Astrophysics of the University of California under cooperative agreement AST-8809616, and by the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, part of the Australian National University.; This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.; This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.; The Condor Software Program (Condor) was developed by the Condor Team at the Computer Sciences Department of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. All rights, title, and interest in Condor are owned by the Condor Team.; We would like to thank the anonymous referee, whose suggestions greatly improved the paper. NR 51 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1242 EP 1258 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1242 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338AS UT WOS:000258477800028 ER PT J AU Kamae, TY Andersson, V Arimoto, M Axelsson, M Bettolo, CM Bjornsson, CI Bogaert, G Carlson, P Craig, W Ekeberg, T Engdegdrd, O Fukazawa, Y Gunji, S Hjalmarsdotter, L Iwan, B Kanai, Y Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kazejev, J Kiss, M Klamra, W Larsson, S Madejski, G Mizuno, T Ng, J Pearce, M Ryde, F Suhonen, M TaJima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thurston, T Ueno, M Varneri, G Yamamoto, K Yamashita, Y Ylinen, T Yoshida, H AF Kamae, Tuneyoshi Andersson, Viktor Arimoto, Makoto Axelsson, Magnus Bettolo, Cecilia Marini Bjornsson, Claes-Ingvar Bogaert, Gilles Carlson, Per Craig, William Ekeberg, Tomas Engdegdrd, Olle Fukazawa, Yasushi Gunji, Shuichi Hjalmarsdotter, Linnea Iwan, Bianca Kanai, Yoshikazu Kataoka, Jun Kawai, Nobuyuki Kazejev, Jaroslav Kiss, Mozsi Klamra, Wlodzimierz Larsson, Stefan Madejski, Grzegorz Mizuno, Tsunefumi Ng, Johnny Pearce, Mark Ryde, Felix Suhonen, Markus TaJima, Hiroyasu Takahashi, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Tadayuki Tanaka, Takuya Thurston, Timothy Ueno, Masaru Varneri, Gary Yamamoto, Kazuhide Yamashita, Yuichiro Ylinen, Tomi Yoshida, Hiroaki TI PoGOLite - A high sensitivity balloon-borne soft gamma-ray polarimeter SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Instrumentation; detectors Techniques; polarimetric Pulsars; general X-ray; binaries Stars; neutron Galaxies; active ID CRAB-NEBULA; ACCRETION DISK; BEAM TEST; HXD-II; X-RAYS; POLARIZATION; EMISSION; PULSAR; DETECTOR; MODEL AB We describe a new balloon-borne instrument (PoGOLite) capable of detecting 10% polarisation from 200 mCrab point-like sources between 25 and 80 keV in one 6-h flight. Polarisation measurements in the soft gamma-ray band are expected to provide a powerful probe into high energy emission mechanisms as well as the distribution of magnetic fields, radiation fields and interstellar matter. Synchrotron radiation, inverse Compton scattering and propagation through high magnetic fields are likely to produce high degrees of polarisation in the energy band of the instrument. We demonstrate, through tests at accelerators, with radioactive sources and through computer simulations, that PoGOLite will be able to detect degrees of polarisation as predicted by models for several classes of high energy sources. At present, only exploratory polarisation measurements have been carried out in the soft gamma-ray band. Reduction of the large background produced by cosmic-ray particles while securing a large effective area has been the greatest challenge. PoGOLite uses Compton scattering and photo-absorption in an array of 217 well-type phoswich detector cells made of plastic and BGO scintillators surrounded by a BGO anticoincidence shield and a thick polyethylene neutron shield. The narrow Held of view (FWHM = 1.25 msr, 2.0 deg x 2.0 deg) obtained with detector cells and the use of thick background shields warrant a large effective area for polarisation measurements (similar to 228 cm(2) at E = 40 keV) without sacrificing the signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation studies for an atmospheric overburden of 3-4 g/cm(2) indicate that neutrons and gamma-rays entering the PDC assembly through the shields are dominant backgrounds. Off-line event selection based on recorded phototube waveforms and Compton kinematics reduce the background to that expected for a similar to 100 mCrab source between 25 and 50 keV. A 6-h observation of the Crab pulsar will differentiate between the Polar Cap/Slot Gap, Outer Gap, and Caustic models with greater than 5 sigma significance; and also cleanly identify the Compton reflection component in the Cygnus X-1 hard state. Long-duration flights will measure the dependence of the polarisation across the cyclotron absorption line in Hercules X-1. A scaled-down instrument will be flown as a pathfinder mission from the north of Sweden in 2010. The first science flight is planned to take place shortly thereafter. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kamae, Tuneyoshi; Andersson, Viktor; Craig, William; Ekeberg, Tomas; Iwan, Bianca; Kiss, Mozsi; Madejski, Grzegorz; Ng, Johnny; Suhonen, Markus; TaJima, Hiroyasu; Ylinen, Tomi] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kamae, Tuneyoshi; Andersson, Viktor; Craig, William; Ekeberg, Tomas; Iwan, Bianca; Kiss, Mozsi; Madejski, Grzegorz; Ng, Johnny; Suhonen, Markus; TaJima, Hiroyasu; Ylinen, Tomi] KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Andersson, Viktor; Bettolo, Cecilia Marini; Carlson, Per; Ekeberg, Tomas; Engdegdrd, Olle; Iwan, Bianca; Kazejev, Jaroslav; Kiss, Mozsi; Klamra, Wlodzimierz; Larsson, Stefan; Pearce, Mark; Ryde, Felix; Suhonen, Markus; Ylinen, Tomi] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Arimoto, Makoto; Kanai, Yoshikazu; Kataoka, Jun; Kawai, Nobuyuki; Ueno, Masaru] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. [Axelsson, Magnus; Bjornsson, Claes-Ingvar; Hjalmarsdotter, Linnea; Larsson, Stefan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bogaert, Gilles] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Rinquet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Fukazawa, Yasushi; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Tanaka, Takuya; Yamamoto, Kazuhide; Yoshida, Hiroaki] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gunji, Shuichi; Yamashita, Yuichiro] Yamagata Univ, Dept Phys, Yamagata 9908560, Japan. [Takahashi, Tadayuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Thurston, Timothy] Thurston Co, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Varneri, Gary] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kamae, TY (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kamae@slac.stanford.edu OI Larsson, Stefan/0000-0003-0716-107X FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish National Space Board; Swedish Research Council; Goran Gustafsson Foundation; US Department of Energy [DE-AC3-76SF00515]; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC); Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture Japan [18340052]; JSPS [16340055, 18740154]; Institute for Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA FX We wish to thank Jonathan Arons, Makoto Asai, Roger Blandford, Bias Cabrera, Pisin Chen, Persis Drell, Steven Kahn, Tatsumi Koi, Kazuo Makishima, Lennart Nordh, Takashi Ohsugi, Masashi Takata, and Marek Sikora for their continuing support and encouragement. We are grateful to Alice Harding for providing pulsar model predictions in numerical form. We acknowledge Charles Hurlbut and EIjen Technology for developing the slow scintillator tube, Hamamatsu Photonics for improving the performance of R7899EGKNP, and the Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry for supplying BGO crystals of excellent quality. The Space Wire based I/O and ADC boards were developed in JAXA's program "Research and Development for Future Innovative Satellite." T.K. has benefited greatly from discussion with Jonathan Arons on emission mechanisms in pulsar wind nebulae. During the early developmental phase, the PoGOLite Collaboration benefited from discussion with John Mitchell, Robert Streitmatter and Daniel Marlow.; We gratefully acknowledge support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish National Space Board, the Swedish Research Council, the Goran Gustafsson Foundation, the US Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC3-76SF00515, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC) at Stanford University through an Enterprise Fund, and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture Japan) Grant-in-Aid in Science No. 18340052. J.K. and N.K. acknowledge support by JSPS Kakenhi No. 16340055. J.K. was also supported by a grant for the International Mission Research provided by the Institute for Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA). T.M. acknowledges support by Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from JSPS (No. 18740154). NR 99 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 2 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.07.004 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 359YF UT WOS:000260023500005 ER PT J AU Foley, RJ Filippenko, AV Aguilera, C Becker, AC Blondin, S Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Covarrubias, R Davis, TM Garnavich, PM Jha, SW Kirshner, RP Krisciunas, K Leibundgut, B Li, W Matheson, T Miceli, A Miknaitis, G Pignata, G Rest, A Riess, AG Schmidt, BP Smith, RC Sollerman, J Spyromilio, J Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, NB Tonry, JL Wood-Vasey, WM Zenteno, A AF Foley, Ryan J. Filippenko, Alexei V. Aguilera, C. Becker, A. C. Blondin, S. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Covarrubias, R. Davis, T. M. Garnavich, P. M. Jha, S. W. Kirshner, R. P. Krisciunas, K. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Matheson, T. Miceli, A. Miknaitis, G. Pignata, G. Rest, A. Riess, A. G. Schmidt, B. P. Smith, R. C. Sollerman, J. Spyromilio, J. Stubbs, C. W. Suntzeff, N. B. Tonry, J. L. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Zenteno, A. TI Constraining cosmic evolution of type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; distance scale; supernovae : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; LEGACY SURVEY; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; PEAK LUMINOSITY; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; K-CORRECTIONS; WHITE-DWARF AB We present a large-scale effort of creating composite spectra of high-redshift SNe Ia and comparing them to low-redshift counterparts in an attempt to understand possible cosmic evolution of SNe Ia, which has major implications for studies of dark energy. Through the ESSENCE project, we have obtained 107 spectra of 88 high-redshift SNe Ia with excellent light-curve information. In addition, we have obtained 397 spectra of low-redshift SNe Ia through a multiple-decade effort at the Lick and Keck Observatories, and we have used 45 UV spectra obtained by HST and IUE. The low-redshift spectra act as a control sample when comparing to the ESSENCE spectra. In all instances, the ESSENCE and Lick composite spectra appear very similar. The addition of galaxy light to the Lick composite spectra allows an excellent match of the overall SED with the ESSENCE composite spectra, indicating that the high-redshift SNe are more contaminated with host galaxy light than their low-redshift counterparts. This is caused by observing objects at all redshifts with similar angular slit widths, which corresponds to different projected physical distances. After correcting for the galaxy light contamination, a few marginally significant differences in the spectra remain. We have estimated the systematic errors when using current spectral templates for K-corrections to be similar to 0.02 mag. The variance in the composite spectra gives an estimate of the intrinsic variance in low-redshift maximum light SN spectra of similar to 3% relative flux in the optical and growing toward the UV. The difference between the maximum light low- and high-redshift spectra constrains the evolution of SN spectral features between our samples to be < 10% relative flux in the rest-frame optical. Currently, galaxy contamination and the small samples of rest-frame UV spectra at low and high redshifts are the limiting factors for future studies. C1 [Foley, Ryan J.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Jha, S. W.; Li, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aguilera, C.; Rest, A.; Smith, R. C.; Suntzeff, N. B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Becker, A. C.; Covarrubias, R.; Miceli, A.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blondin, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Davis, T. M.; Sollerman, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Garnavich, P. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jha, S. W.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jha, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Krisciunas, K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leibundgut, B.; Spyromilio, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Miknaitis, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Pignata, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Rest, A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Riess, A. G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Riess, A. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schmidt, B. P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT, Australia. [Sollerman, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tonry, J. L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Foley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rfoley@astro.berkeley.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287 NR 79 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 68 EP 87 DI 10.1086/589612 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700006 ER PT J AU Voevodkin, A Miller, CJ Borozdin, K Heitmann, K Habib, S Ricker, P Nichol, RC AF Voevodkin, Alexey Miller, Christopher J. Borozdin, Konstantin Heitmann, Katrin Habib, Salman Ricker, Paul Nichol, Robert C. TI Ray observations of optically selected giant elliptical-dominated galaxy groups SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (RXJ 0029-0012, RXJ 1505+0308, UGC 00842); X-rays : galaxies ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; X-RAY; FOSSIL GROUPS; SCALING RELATIONS; CLUSTER GALAXIES; SPACE DENSITY; DATA RELEASE; DARK-MATTER; GAS; EVOLUTION AB We present a combined optical and X-ray analysis of three optically selected X-ray-bright groups with giant elliptical galaxies in the center. These massive ellipticals were targeted for XMM-Newton X-ray observations on the basis of their large-velocity dispersions and their proximity to a nearby ROSAT X-ray source. In addition, these targets are significantly brighter in the optical than their nearest neighbors. We show that one of these systems meets the standard criteria for a fossil group. While the other two systems have a prominent magnitude gap in the E/S0 ridgeline, they do not appear to have reached the fossil-like final stage of group evolution. C1 [Voevodkin, Alexey; Borozdin, Konstantin; Heitmann, Katrin; Habib, Salman] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Voevodkin, Alexey] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Miller, Christopher J.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, NOAO, La Serena, Chile. [Ricker, Paul] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys & Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. RP Voevodkin, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. OI Ricker, Paul/0000-0002-5294-0630 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX A. V. thanks Oleg Kotov for useful advice in XMM-Newton data reduction. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Alexey Vikhlinin and Ann Zabludoff. We also acknowledge use of Alexey Vikhlinin's zhtools software 8 in our X-ray data analysis. We are thankful to Habib Khosroshahi for providing us with data points forFig. 6. This work was supported by the LDRD program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1086/590145 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700014 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Treu, T Koopmans, LVE Gavazzi, R Moustakas, LA Burles, S Schlegel, DJ Wayth, R AF Bolton, Adam S. Treu, Tommaso Koopmans, Leon V. E. Gavazzi, Raphael Moustakas, Leonidas A. Burles, Scott Schlegel, David J. Wayth, Randall TI The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. VII. Elliptical galaxy scaling laws from direct observational mass measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; gravitational lensing; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; TO-LIGHT RATIO; SIGHT VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; INFRARED FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; ABSORPTION-LINE SPECTRA; 3RD DATA RELEASE; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; DARK-MATTER; EINSTEIN RING; KECK SPECTROSCOPY AB We use a sample of 53 massive early-type strong gravitational lens galaxies with well-measured redshifts (ranging from z = 0.06 to 0.36) and stellar velocity dispersions (between 175 and 400 km s(-1)) from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey to derive numerous empirical scaling relations. The ratio between central stellar velocity dispersion and isothermal lens-model velocity dispersion is nearly unity within errors. The SLACS lenses define a fundamental plane (FP) that is consistent with the FP of the general population of early-type galaxies. We measure the relationship between strong-lensing mass M-lens within one-half effective radius (R-e/2) and the dimensional mass variable M-dim equivalent to G(-1) sigma(2)(e2)(R-e/2) to be log (M-lens/10(11) M-circle dot) = (1.03 +/- 0.04) log (M-dim/10(11) M-circle dot)+ (0.54 +/- 0.02) (where sigma(e2) is the projected stellar velocity dispersion within R-e/2). The near-unity slope indicates that the mass-dynamical structure of massive elliptical galaxies is independent of mass and that the "tilt'' of the SLACS FP is due entirely to variation in total (luminous plus dark) mass- to-light ratio with mass. Our results imply that dynamical masses serve as a good proxies for true masses in massive elliptical galaxies. Regarding the SLACS lenses as a homologous population, we find that the average enclosed two-dimensional (2D) mass profile goes as log[M(< R)/M-dim]=(1.10 +/- 0.09)log(R/ R-e)+(0.85 +/- 0.03), consistent with an isothermal (flat rotation curve) model when deprojected into three dimensions (3D). This measurement is inconsistent with the slope of the average projected aperture luminosity profile at a confidence level greater than 99.9%, implying a minimum dark matter fraction of f(DM) = 0.38 +/- 0.07 within 1 effective radius. We also present an analysis of the angular mass structure of the lens galaxies, which further supports the need for dark matter inside one effective radius. C1 [Bolton, Adam S.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bolton, Adam S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Treu, Tommaso; Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Koopmans, Leon V. E.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Gavazzi, Raphael] CNRS, Inst Astrophy Paris, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schlegel, David J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bolton, AS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bolton@ifa.hawaii.edu; tt@physics.ucsb.edu; koopmans@astro.rug.nl; gavazzi@iap.fr; leonidas@jpl.nasa.gov; burles@mit.edu; djschlegel@lbl.gov; rwayth@cfa.harvard.edu RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013 OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF 0642621]; Sloan Foundation [639.042.505]; European Community's Sixth Framework Marie Curie Research Training Network Programme [MRTN-CT-2004-505183]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA [10174, 10494, 10587, 10798, 10886]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. [NAS5-26555]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NSF; Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX A. S. B., T. T., L. V. E. K., R. G., and L. A. M. acknowledge the support and hospitality of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where the early stages of this work were completed. A. S. B. thanks G. Dobler, G. Novak, and S. Faber for valuable discussion related to this work. T. T. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through CAREER award NSF 0642621 and from the Sloan Foundation through a Sloan Research Fellowship. He is also supported by a Packard fellowship. L. V. E. K. is supported in part through an NWO-VIDI program subsidy (project number 639.042.505). He also acknowledges the continuing support by the European Community's Sixth Framework Marie Curie Research Training Network Programme, contract MRTN-CT-2004-505183 (ANGLES). The work of L. A. M. was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Support for HST programs 10174, 10494, 10587, 10798, and 10886 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Please see HST data acknowledgment on the title page. This work has made extensive use of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the NSF, the Department of Energy, NASA, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSSWeb Site is http://www.sdss.org. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. NR 137 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1086/589989 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700018 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Sesar, B Juric, M Bond, N Dalcanton, J Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Beers, TC Prieto, CA Wilhelm, R Lee, YS Sivarani, T Norris, JE Bailer-Jones, CAL Fiorentin, PR Schlegel, D Uomoto, A Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Gunn, JE Covey, KR Smith, JA Miknaitis, G Doi, M Tanaka, M Fukugita, M Kent, S Finkbeiner, D Munn, JA Pier, JR Quinn, T Hawley, S Anderson, S Kiuchi, F Chen, A Bushong, J Sohi, H Haggard, D Kimball, A Barentine, J Brewington, H Harvanek, M Kleinman, S Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Snedden, S Lee, B Harris, H Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP York, DG AF Ivezic, Zeljko Sesar, Branimir Juric, Mario Bond, Nicholas Dalcanton, Julianne Rockosi, Constance M. Yanny, Brian Newberg, Heidi J. Beers, Timothy C. Prieto, Carlos Allende Wilhelm, Ron Lee, Young Sun Sivarani, Thirupathi Norris, John E. Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L. Fiorentin, Paola Re Schlegel, David Uomoto, Alan Lupton, Robert H. Knapp, Gillian R. Gunn, James E. Covey, Kevin R. Smith, J. Allyn Miknaitis, Gajus Doi, Mamoru Tanaka, Masayuki Fukugita, Masataka Kent, Steve Finkbeiner, Douglas Munn, Jeffrey A. Pier, Jeffrey R. Quinn, Tom Hawley, Suzanne Anderson, Scott Kiuchi, Furea Chen, Alex Bushong, James Sohi, Harkirat Haggard, Daryl Kimball, Amy Barentine, John Brewington, Howard Harvanek, Mike Kleinman, Scott Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Dan Nitta, Atsuko Snedden, Stephanie Lee, Brian Harris, Hugh Brinkmann, Jonathan Schneider, Donald P. York, Donald G. TI The milky way tomography with SDSS. II. Stellar metallicity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : stellar content; Galaxy : structure; methods : data analysis; stars : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; METAL-POOR STARS; GALACTIC LATITUDE STRUCTURES; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; RADIAL-VELOCITY SURVEY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS AB Using effective temperature and metallicity derived from SDSS spectra for similar to 60,000 F- and G-type main-sequence stars (0.2 < g - r < 0.6), we develop polynomial models for estimating these parameters from the SDSS u - g and g - r colors. These photometric estimates have similar error properties as those determined from SDSS spectra. We apply this method to SDSS photometric data for over 2 million F/G stars and measure the unbiased metallicity distribution for a complete volume-limited sample of stars at distances between 500 pc and 8 kpc. The metallicity distribution can be exquisitely modeled using two components with a spatially varying number ratio, which correspond to disk and halo. The two components also possess the kinematics expected for disk and halo stars. The metallicity of the halo component is spatially invariant, while the median disk metallicity smoothly decreases with distance from the Galactic plane from -0.6 at 500 pc to -0.8 beyond several kiloparsecs. The absence of a correlation between metallicity and kinematics for disk stars is in a conflict with the traditional decomposition in terms of thin and thick disks. We detect coherent substructures in the kinematics-metallicity space, such as the Monoceros stream, which rotates faster than the LSR, and has a median metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.95, with an rms scatter of only similar to 0.15 dex. We extrapolate our results to the performance expected from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and estimate that LSST will obtain metallicity measurements accurate to 0.2 dex or better, with proper-motion measurements accurate to similar to 0.5 mas yr(-1), for about 200 million F/G dwarf stars within a distance limit of similar to 100 kpc (g < 23.5). C1 [Ivezic, Zeljko; Sesar, Branimir; Dalcanton, Julianne; Quinn, Tom; Hawley, Suzanne; Anderson, Scott; Kiuchi, Furea; Chen, Alex; Bushong, James; Sohi, Harkirat; Haggard, Daryl; Kimball, Amy] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Juric, Mario] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bond, Nicholas; Lupton, Robert H.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Gunn, James E.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Yanny, Brian; Miknaitis, Gajus; Kent, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Newberg, Heidi J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, CSCE, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wilhelm, Ron] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Norris, John E.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Fiorentin, Paola Re] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fiorentin, Paola Re] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Schlegel, David; Lee, Brian] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Uomoto, Alan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Tanaka, Masayuki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Fukugita, Masataka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan. [Munn, Jeffrey A.; Pier, Jeffrey R.; Harris, Hugh] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Harvanek, Mike; Kleinman, Scott; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Dan; Nitta, Atsuko; Snedden, Stephanie; Brinkmann, Jonathan] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 138 TC 307 Z9 310 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 287 EP 325 DI 10.1086/589678 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700022 ER PT J AU Li, PS Mckee, CF Klein, RI Fisher, RT AF Li, Pak Shing McKee, Christopher F. Klein, Richard I. Fisher, Robert T. TI Sub-alfvenic nonideal MHD turbulence simulations with ambipolar diffusion. I. Turbulence statistics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : magnetic fields; methods : numerical; turbulence ID AXISYMMETRICAL CLOUD CORES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; INTERSTELLAR TURBULENCE; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; CONTRACTION; FRAGMENTATION AB Most numerical investigations on the role of magnetic fields in turbulent molecular clouds (MCs) are based on ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). However, MCs are weakly ionized, so that the timescale required for the magnetic field to diffuse through the neutral component of the plasma by ambipolar diffusion (AD) can be comparable to the dynamical timescale. We have performed a series of 256(3) and 512(3) simulations on supersonic but sub-Alfvenic turbulent systems with AD using the heavy-ion approximation developed by Li and coworkers. Our calculations are based on the assumption that the number of ions is conserved, but we show that these results approximately apply to the case of time-dependent ionization in molecular clouds as well. Convergence studies allow us to determine the optimal value of the ionization mass fraction when using the heavy-ion approximation for low Mach number, sub-Alfvenic turbulent systems. We find that ambipolar diffusion steepens the velocity and magnetic power spectra compared to the ideal MHD case. Changes in the density PDF, total magnetic energy, and ionization fraction are determined as a function of the AD Reynolds number. The power spectra for the neutral gas properties of a strongly magnetized medium with a low AD Reynolds number are similar to those for a weakly magnetized medium; in particular, the power spectrum of the neutral velocity is close to that for Burgers turbulence. C1 [Li, Pak Shing; McKee, Christopher F.; Klein, Richard I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klein, Richard I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fisher, Robert T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Flash Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Li, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psli@astron.berkeley.edu; cmckee@astro.berkeley.edu; klein@astron.berkeley.edu; rtfisher@uchicago.edu RI Fisher, Robert/J-8667-2014 OI Fisher, Robert/0000-0001-8077-7255 NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 380 EP 394 DI 10.1086/589874 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700028 ER PT J AU Almgren, AS Bell, JB Nonaka, A Zingale, M AF Almgren, A. S. Bell, J. B. Nonaka, A. Zingale, M. TI Low Mach number modeling of Type Ia supernovae. III. Reactions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE convection; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae : general; white dwarfs ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; OFF-CENTER IGNITION; APPROXIMATE PROJECTION; CARBON IGNITION; DEFLAGRATIONS; HYDRODYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; FLOWS; ENHANCEMENT; CONSISTENCY AB We continue the description of a low Mach number hydrodynamics algorithm for reacting, full star flows. Here we demonstrate how to accurately incorporate reactions using a second-order accurate Strang-splitting technique. We also improve the fidelity of the model by allowing the base state to evolve in response to large-scale convection as well as large-scale heating, taking care to account for the compositional changes to the base state as well. The new algorithm is tested via comparisons with a fully compressible code and shown to be in good agreement. The resulting code, MAESTRO, once extended to incorporate a spherically symmetric base state, will be used to study the convection and ignition phases of Type Ia supernovae. C1 [Almgren, A. S.; Bell, J. B.; Nonaka, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zingale, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Almgren, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Zingale, Michael/0000-0001-8401-030X NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 449 EP 470 DI 10.1086/590321 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700032 ER PT J AU Liu, W AF Liu, Wei TI Numerical study of the magnetorotational instability in Princeton MRI experiment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; instabilities; methods : numerical; MHD ID TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOW; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ACCRETION DISKS; CIRCULATION; TURBULENCE; REDUCTION; CYLINDERS; TRANSPORT AB In preparation for an experimental study of magnetorotational instability (MRI) in liquid metal, we present nonideal axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the nonlinear evolution of MRI in the experimental geometry. The simulations adopt fully insulating boundary conditions. No-slip conditions are imposed at all boundaries. A clear linear phase is observed with reduced linear growth rate. MRI results in an inflowing "jet" near the midplane and enhances the angular momentum transport at saturation. C1 [Liu, Wei] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab & Astrophys Plasma, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Org Lab & Astrophys Plasma, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wliu@lanl.gov OI Liu, Wei/0000-0003-0935-3999 FU US Department of Energy; NASA [ATP03-0084-0106, APRA04-0000-0152]; National Science Foundation [AST 02-05903] FX The author would like to sincerely thank Jeremy Goodman and Hantao Ji for their very inspiring discussion and constructive comments. The author would also like to thank James Stone for the advice on the ZEUS code and thank Stephen Jardin for the advice of implementing full insulating boundary condition. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, NASA under grants ATP03-0084-0106 and APRA04-0000-0152 and also by the National Science Foundation under grant AST 02-05903. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1086/590366 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700036 ER PT J AU Sarkar, D Amblard, A Cooray, A Holz, DE AF Sarkar, Devdeep Amblard, Alexandre Cooray, Asantha Holz, Daniel E. TI Implications of two type Ia supernova populations for cosmological measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; supernovae : general; surveys ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; DARK ENERGY; REDSHIFT; CONSTRAINTS; PROGENITORS; MAGNITUDES; PARAMETERS; CONSTANT; LAMBDA; OMEGA AB Recent work suggests that Type Ia supernovae (SNe) are composed of two distinct populations: prompt and delayed. By explicitly incorporating properties of host galaxies, it may be possible to target and eliminate systematic differences between these two putative populations. However, any resulting post-calibration shift in luminosity between the components will cause a redshift-dependent systematic shift in the Hubble diagram. Utilizing an existing sample of 192 SNe Ia, we find that the average luminosity difference between prompt and delayed SNe is constrained to be (4.5 +/- 8.9)%. If the absolute difference between the two populations is 0.025 mag, and this is ignored when fitting for cosmological parameters, then the dark energy equation of state (EOS) determined from a sample of 2300 SNe Ia is biased at similar to 1 sigma. By incorporating the possibility of a two-population systematic, this bias can be eliminated. However, assuming no prior on the strength of the two-population effect, the uncertainty in the best-fit EOS is increased by a factor of 2.5, when compared to the equivalent sample with no underlying two-population systematic. To avoid introducing a bias in the EOS parameters, or significantly degrading the measurement accuracy, it is necessary to control the postcalibration luminosity difference between prompt and delayed SN populations to better than 0.025 mag. C1 [Sarkar, Devdeep; Amblard, Alexandre; Cooray, Asantha] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Holz, Daniel E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Holz, Daniel E.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Holz, Daniel E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Sarkar, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014 OI amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395 FU IGPP [Astro-1603-07]; NSF [CAREER AST0645427]; McCue FX We thank Henry Ferguson, Saurabh Jha, Mario Livio, Adam Riess, Mark Sullivan, and Michael Wood-Vasey for useful discussions. We thank the referee, Alex Conley, for his extremely prompt and useful comments. This work was supported by IGPP Astro-1603-07 at UCI and LANL, NSF CAREER AST0645427, and a McCue Fellowship ( A. A.). A. C. and D. E. H. thank the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality while this research was completed. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP L13 EP L16 DI 10.1086/592019 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340BU UT WOS:000258621900004 ER PT J AU Dotter, A Chaboyer, B Jevremovic, D Kostov, V Baron, E Ferguson, JW AF Dotter, Aaron Chaboyer, Brian Jevremovic, Darko Kostov, Veselin Baron, E. Ferguson, Jason W. TI THE DARTMOUTH STELLAR EVOLUTION DATABASE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE globular clusters: general; open clusters and associations: general; stars: evolution ID COLOR-TEMPERATURE RELATIONS; GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; ACS SURVEY; ELEMENT DIFFUSION; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; PHOTOMETRY AB The ever-expanding depth and quality of photometric and spectroscopic observations of stellar populations increase the need for theoretical models in regions of age-composition parameter space that are largely unexplored at present. Stellar evolution models that employ the most advanced physics and cover a wide range of compositions are needed to extract the most information from current observations of both resolved and unresolved stellar populations. The Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database is a collection of stellar evolution tracks and isochrones that spans a range of [Fe/H] from -2.5 to +0.5, [alpha/Fe] from -0.2 to +0.8 (for [Fe/H] <= 0) or +0.2 (for [Fe/H] > 0), and initial He mass fractions from Y = 0.245 to 0.40. Stellar evolution tracks were computed for masses between 0.1 and 4 M(circle dot), allowing isochrones to be generated for ages as young as 250 Myr. For the range in masses where the core He flash occurs, separate He-burning tracks were computed starting from the zero age horizontal branch. The tracks and isochrones have been transformed to the observational plane in a variety of photometric systems including standard UBV(RI)(C), Stromgren uvby, SDSS ugriz, 2MASS JHK(s), and HST ACS/WFC and WFPC2. The Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database is accessible through a Web site at http://stellar.dartmouth.edu/similar to models/ where all tracks, isochrones, and additional files can be downloaded. C1 [Dotter, Aaron; Chaboyer, Brian] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Jevremovic, Darko] Astron Observ, Belgrade 11160, Serbia. [Jevremovic, Darko; Kostov, Veselin; Baron, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ferguson, Jason W.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Phys, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Baron, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dotter, A (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Ferguson, Jason/A-7735-2009; Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009; OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608; Chaboyer, Brian/0000-0003-3096-4161 FU NSF [AST-0094231, AST-0307323, AST-0707704, AST-0239590, EIA-0216178, EPS-0236913]; NASA [NAG5-3505, NNG04GB36G]; US DOE [DE-FG02-07ER41517, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Hochstleistungs Rechenzentrum Nord (HLRN); State of Kansas; Wichita State University High Performance Computing Center FX J. F. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-0239590 and grant EIA-0216178, grant EPS-0236913 with matching support from the State of Kansas and the Wichita State University High Performance Computing Center. NR 62 TC 713 Z9 715 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 178 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1086/589654 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IT UT WOS:000262862000005 ER PT J AU Barone, TL Zhu, YF AF Barone, Teresa L. Zhu, Yifang TI The morphology of ultrafine particles on and near major freeways SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ultrafine particles; Morphology; Particulate matter; Size distribution; Vehicular emissions; Near roadway environment ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; URBAN AEROSOL; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; UNIFORM SPHERES; LOS-ANGELES; VEHICLE; NANOPARTICLES AB The morphology of ultrafine particles (UFPs; diameter < 100 nm) collected on and near major Los Angeles freeways in April 2006 is reported. Samples were size selected with a differential mobility analyzer, collected by a nanometer aerosol sampler, and analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. Typical observed morphologies included aggregates, spheres, irregularly shaped particles, and particles with multiple inclusions. For freeway aerosols with 50 nm electrical mobility diameter, most (>90%) electronopaque particles were surrounded by an electron-transparent material. This suggests that much of these particles were heterogeneously internally mixed. The fraction of UFPs in a given morphology class collected on and at increasing downwind distance from the 1-405 freeway was compared. The fraction of aggregates measured 90 m downwind of 1-405 was significantly less than the fraction measured on the freeway (p-value < 0.01). Because aggregates are a primary aerosol (directly emitted), this may indicate that secondary aerosol (formed in the atmosphere) becomes more prevalent with increasing distance from the freeway. The fraction of particles with multiple inclusions measured 90 m downwind of 1-405 was significantly greater than the fraction measured on the freeway (p-value < 0.01). The increase in the number of particles with multiple inclusions with increasing distance from the freeway suggests that dilution does not prevent particles from colliding and merging which may alter the particle size distribution. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Yifang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Barone, Teresa L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhu, YF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 213, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM yifang.zhu@tamuk.edu FU Southern California Particle Center; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R82735201]; California Air Resources Board [04-324]; Southern California Environmental Health Center; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [5 P30 ES07048] FX The authors thank Nancy Jennerjohn for help with field sampling, and Prof. Sheldon K. Friedlander and Dr. Anshuman A. Lall for their discussions on aggregate electrical mobility diameter. This work was supported by the Southern California Particle Center and Supersite: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant number R82735201, California Air Resources Board contract number 04-324 and the Southern California Environmental Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grant # 5 P30 ES07048. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 28 BP 6749 EP 6758 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.019 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 363KA UT WOS:000260265000005 ER PT J AU Vilkas, MJ Ishikawa, Y Trabert, E AF Vilkas, Marius J. Ishikawa, Yasuyuki Traebert, Elmar TI Relativistic many-body Moller-Plesset perturbation theory calculations of the energy levels and transition rates in Na-like to P-like Xe ions SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID CU-LIKE IONS; DIRAC-FOCK; AL-LIKE; LIFETIMES AB Relativistic multireference many-body perturbation theory calculations have been performed for Xe43+ to Xe39+ ions, resulting in energy levels, electric dipole transition rates, and level lifetimes. The second-order many-body perturbation theory calculation of energy levels included mass shifts, the frequency-dependent Breit correction, and Lamb shifts. The calculated transition energies and Ell transition rates are used to present synthetic spectra in the extreme ultraviolet range for some of the Xe ions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Traebert, Elmar] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Vilkas, Marius J.; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Traebert, Elmar] LLNL, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM traebert@astro.rub.de FU U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation; German Research Association (DFG); USDoE [W-7405-ENG-48] FX This research is supported in part by the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation. E.T. acknowledges travel support from the German Research Association (DFG). Part of this work has been performed at LLNL under the auspices of the USDoE under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD SEP PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 650 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2008.03.001 PG 51 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 346FB UT WOS:000259052900002 ER PT J AU Moller, P Bengtsson, R Carlsson, BG Olivius, P Ichikawa, T Sagawa, H Iwamoto, A AF Moeller, P. Bengtsson, R. Carlsson, B. G. Olivius, P. Ichikawa, T. Sagawa, H. Iwamoto, A. TI Axial and reflection asymmetry of the nuclear ground state SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; EVEN DEFORMED NUCLEI; FISSION BARRIERS; MASS FORMULA; HEAVY-NUCLEI; OCTUPOLE DEFORMATIONS; MODEL; SHAPES; REGION AB More than a decade ago we published a calculation of nuclear ground-state masses and deformations in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables [P. Moller, J.R. Nix, W.D. Myers, W.J. Swiatecki, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 59 (1995) 185]. In this study, triaxial nuclear shapes were not considered. We have now enhanced our model and studied the influence of triaxial shape degrees of freedom on the nuclear ground-state potential-energy (mass) and ground-state shape. It turns out that a few hundred nuclei are affected to a varying degree with the largest effect, about 0.7 MeV, occurring near Ru-108. We provide here a table of the calculated effects of triaxial shape degrees of freedom. Although axial-asymmetry effects were not considered in the 1995 mass calculation, it did study the effects of reflection-asymmetric shape degrees of freedom (epsilon(3)) on nuclear masses. However, the magnitude of the effect was not tabulated. Here, we provide such a table. In addition we calculate the effect in a much improved fashion: we search a four-dimensional deformation space (epsilon(2), epsilon(3), epsilon(4), and epsilon(6)). This is now possible because the computational resources available to us today are more than 100,000 times better than at the time we calculated the mass table published in 1995. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Moeller, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bengtsson, R.; Carlsson, B. G.; Olivius, P.] Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Ichikawa, T.] RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Sagawa, H.] Univ Aizu, Ctr Math Sci, Fukushima 96580, Japan. [Iwamoto, A.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moller@lanl.gov OI Moller, Peter/0000-0002-5848-3565 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; JUSTIPEN [DE-FG02-06ER41407] FX We are grateful to Arnold Sierk for many discussions during the course of this investigation and for a careful reading of the final manuscript. Comments by Henrik Uhrenholt2 on the PNP and BCS pairing models are highly appreciated. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work was also supported by a travel grant to JUSTIPEN (Japan-US Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei) under Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER41407 (U. Tennessee). NR 50 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD SEP PY 2008 VL 94 IS 5 BP 758 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2008.05.002 PG 23 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 346FB UT WOS:000259052900005 ER PT J AU Morgado, L Bruix, M Orshonsky, V Londer, YY Duke, NEC Yang, XJ Pokkuluri, PR Schiffer, M Salgueiro, CA AF Morgado, Leonor Bruix, Marta Orshonsky, Valerie Londer, Yuri Y. Duke, Norma E. C. Yang, Xiaojing Pokkuluri, P. Rai Schiffer, Marianne Salgueiro, Carlos A. TI Structural insights into the modulation of the redox properties of two Geobacter sulfurreducens homologous triheme cytochromes SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE Geobacter; multiheme cytochrome; electron transfer; redox-Bohr effect ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROME; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; DESULFUROMONAS-ACETOXIDANS; FE(III) REDUCTION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; H-1-NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION; HEME CORE; C(3) AB The redox properties of a periplasmic triheme cytochrome, PpcB from Geobacter sulfurreducens, were studied by NMR and visible spectroscopy. The structure of PpcB was determined by X-ray diffraction. PpcB is homologous to PpcA (77% sequence identity), which mediates cytoplasmic electron transfer to extracellular acceptors and is crucial in the bioenergetic metabolism of Geobacter spp. The heme core structure of PpcB in solution, probed by 2D-NMR, was compared to that of PpcA. The results showed that the heme core structures of PpcB and PpcA in solution are similar, in contrast to their crystal structures where the heme cores of the two proteins differ from each other. NMR redox titrations were carried out for both proteins and the order of oxidation of the heme groups was determined. The microscopic properties of PpcB and PpcA redox centers showed important differences: (i) the order in which hemes become oxidized is III-I-IV for PpcB, as opposed to I-IV-III for PpcA: (ii) the redox-Bohr effect is also different in the two proteins. The different redox features observed between PpcB and PpcA suggest that each protein uniquely modulates the properties of their co-factors to assure effectiveness in their respective metabolic pathways. The origins of the observed differences are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Morgado, Leonor; Salgueiro, Carlos A.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, Requimte CQFB, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Bruix, Marta] CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, Dept Espect & Estruct Mol, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Orshonsky, Valerie; Londer, Yuri Y.; Duke, Norma E. C.; Yang, Xiaojing; Pokkuluri, P. Rai; Schiffer, Marianne] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Salgueiro, CA (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, Requimte CQFB, Campus Caparica, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. EM csalgueiro@dq.fct.unl.pt RI Bruix, Marta/H-4161-2011; Salgueiro, Carlos/A-4522-2013; Morgado, Leonor/D-7387-2013; Caparica, cqfb_staff/H-2611-2013; REQUIMTE, AL/H-9106-2013; Chaves, Pedro/K-1288-2013; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Bruix, Marta/0000-0002-0096-3558; Salgueiro, Carlos/0000-0003-1136-809X; Morgado, Leonor/0000-0002-3760-5180; FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI/QUI/60060/2004, PPCDT/QUI/60060/2004, SFRH/BD/37415/2007]; Fundacao das Universidades Portuguesas [Accao Integrada E-69/07]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research GENOMICS:GTL [DE-AC02-06CH11357, BFU 2005-01855/BMC]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [HP2006-0047] FX This work was supported by research grants: POCI/QUI/60060/2004 and PPCDT/QUI/60060/2004 from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia; Accao Integrada E-69/07 from Fundacao das Universidades Portuguesas; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research GENOMICS:GTL under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357; BFU 2005-01855/BMC and Hispanic-Portuguese Project HP2006-0047 from Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia. L.M. was supported by the SFRH/BD/37415/2007 grant from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. David L Turner for helpful discussions and Jill Erickson for the technical help in producing PpcB and carrying out crystallization trials during the early stages of the project. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1777 IS 9 BP 1157 EP 1165 DI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.043 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 349NJ UT WOS:000259287200010 PM 18534185 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ Grest, GS AF Stevens, Mark J. Grest, Gary S. TI Simulations of water at the interface with hydrophilic self-assembled monolayers SO BIOINTERPHASES LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHARGE FORCE-FIELD; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; SURFACE INTERACTIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; SUBNANOMETER FILMS; SOLID-SURFACES; MODEL SYSTEMS AB Simulations of water at hydrophilic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces are especially relevant for biological interfaces. Well-defined, atomically smooth surfaces that can be continuously varied are possible with SAMs. These characteristics enable more accurate measurements than many other surfaces with the added advantage of tailoring the surface to treat specific chemical groups. A fundamental question is how solid surfaces affect the structure and dynamics of water. Measurements of the structure and dynamics of water at solid surfaces have improved significantly, but there remain differences among the experiments. In this article, the authors review simulations of water at the interface with hydrophilic SAMs. These simulations find that while the interfacial water molecules are slower than the bulk water molecules, the interfacial dynamics remains that of a liquid. A major biological application of SAMs is for making coatings resistant to protein adsorption. SAMs terminated with ethylene glycol monomers have proven to be excellent at resisting protein adsorption. Understanding the mechanisms behind this resistance remains an unresolved issue. Recent simulations suggest a new perspective of the role of interfacial water and the inseparable interplay between the SAM and the water. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. [DOI:10.1116/1.2977751] C1 [Stevens, Mark J.; Grest, Gary S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM msteve@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed in part at the U. S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies. NR 92 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1934-8630 EI 1559-4106 J9 BIOINTERPHASES JI Biointerphases PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3 BP FC13 EP FC22 DI 10.1116/1.2977751 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Materials Science GA 430HF UT WOS:000264979200005 PM 20408690 ER PT J AU Kardol, P Van der Wal, A Bezemer, TM de Boer, W Duyts, H Holtkamp, R Van der Putten, WH AF Kardol, Paul Van der Wal, Annemieke Bezemer, T. Martijn de Boer, Wietse Duyts, Henk Holtkamp, Remko Van der Putten, Wim H. TI Restoration of species-rich grasslands on ex-arable land: Seed addition outweighs soil fertility reduction SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Biomass production; Carbon addition; Land use change; Microbial community; Nematodes; Propagule availability; Secondary succession; Top soil removal; Vegetation composition ID FOOD-WEB; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; PRAIRIE RESTORATION; NATURE CONSERVATION; LIMITING PROCESSES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; FUNGAL BIOMASS; HEATHLAND; SUCCESSION; LIMITATION AB A common practice in biodiversity conservation is restoration of former species-rich grassland on ex-arable land. Major constraints for grassland restoration are high soil fertility and limited dispersal ability of plant species to target sites. Usually, studies focus on soil fertility or on methods to introduce plant seeds. However, the question is whether soil fertility reduction is always necessary for getting plant species established on target sites. In a three-year field experiment with ex-arable soil with intensive farming history, we tested single and combined effects of soil fertility reduction and sowing mid-successional plant species on plant community development and soil biological properties. A controlled microcosm study was performed to test short-term effects of soil fertility reduction measures on biomass production of mid-successional species. Soil fertility was manipulated by adding carbon (wood or straw) to incorporate plant-available nutrients into organic matter, or by removing nutrients through top soil removal (TSR). The sown species established successfully and their establishment was independent of carbon amendments. TSR reduced plant biomass, and effectively suppressed arable weeds, however, created a desert-like environment, inhibiting the effectiveness of sowing mid-successional plant species. Adding straw or wood resulted in short-term reduction of plant biomass, suggesting a temporal decrease in plant-available nutrients by microbial immobilisation. Straw and wood addition had little effects on soil biological properties, whereas TSR profoundly reduced numbers of bacteria, fungal biomass and nematode abundance. In conclusion, in ex-arable soils, on a short-term sowing is more effective for grassland restoration than strategies aiming at soil fertility reduction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kardol, Paul; Bezemer, T. Martijn; de Boer, Wietse; Duyts, Henk; Van der Putten, Wim H.] Ctr Terr Ecol, Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. [Kardol, Paul] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Van der Wal, Annemieke] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Ecol Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Bezemer, T. Martijn; Van der Putten, Wim H.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, NL-6700 ES Es Wageningen, Netherlands. [Holtkamp, Remko] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Kardol, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6422, Oak Ridge, TN 37821 USA. EM kardolp@ornl.gov; annemieke.van.der.wal@rivm.nl; Martijn.Bezemer@wur.nl; w.deboer@nioo.knaw.nl; h.duyts@nioo.knaw.nl; r.holtkamp@geo.uu.nl; w.vanderputten@nioo.knaw.nl RI Kardol, Paul/A-2600-2010; de Boer, Wietse/C-2737-2011; van der Putten, Wim/C-3707-2011; van der Wal, Annemieke/F-7411-2012; Bezemer, Martijn/A-4068-2009; Kardol, Paul/N-8383-2015 OI de Boer, Wietse/0000-0002-5380-2993; van der Putten, Wim/0000-0002-9341-4442; van der Wal, Annemieke/0000-0003-0261-1203; Bezemer, Martijn/0000-0002-2878-3479; Kardol, Paul/0000-0001-7065-3435 FU TRIAS-SKB [835.80.011] FX We thank Wiecher Smant, Arno Keulen and Ineke Van Veen for technical assistance. We are grateful to Staatsbosbeheer for permission to perform the field experiment on their property. This study was funded by TRIAS-SKB (Grant No. 835.80.011). NR 47 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 141 IS 9 BP 2208 EP 2217 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.011 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359ZP UT WOS:000260027100005 ER PT J AU Miller, MS Lekkas, P Braddock, JM Farman, GP Ballif, BA Irving, TC Maughan, DW Vigoreaux, JO AF Miller, Mark S. Lekkas, Panagiotis Braddock, Joan M. Farman, Gerrie P. Ballif, Bryan A. Irving, Thomas C. Maughan, David W. Vigoreaux, Jim O. TI Aging enhances indirect flight muscle fiber performance yet decreases flight ability in Drosophila SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; SHORTENING VELOCITY; POWER-GENERATION; SINGLE FIBERS; OLDER MEN; MELANOGASTER; AGE; STIFFNESS; ISOFORM AB We investigated the effects of aging on Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscle from the whole organism to the actomyosin cross-bridge. Median-aged (49-day-old) flies were flight impaired, had normal myofilament number and packing, barely longer sarcomeres, and slight mitochondrial deterioration compared with young (3-day-old) flies. Old (56-day-old) flies were unable to beat their wings, had deteriorated ultrastructure with severe mitochondrial damage, and their skinned fibers failed to activate with calcium. Small-amplitude sinusoidal length perturbation analysis showed median-aged indirect flight muscle fibers developed greater than twice the isometric force and power output of young fibers, yet cross-bridge kinetics were similar. Large increases in elastic and viscous moduli amplitude under active, passive, and rigor conditions suggest that median-aged fibers become stiffer longitudinally. Small-angle x-ray diffraction indicates that myosin heads move increasingly toward the thin. lament with age, accounting for the increased transverse stiffness via cross-bridge formation. We propose that the observed protein composition changes in the connecting. laments, which anchor the thick. laments to the Z-disk, produce compensatory increases in longitudinal stiffness, isometric tension, power and actomyosin interaction in aging indirect flight muscle. We also speculate that a lack of MgATP due to damaged mitochondria accounts for the decreased flight performance. C1 [Miller, Mark S.; Braddock, Joan M.; Maughan, David W.; Vigoreaux, Jim O.] Univ Vermont, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Lekkas, Panagiotis; Ballif, Bryan A.; Vigoreaux, Jim O.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Ballif, Bryan A.] Univ Vermont, Vermont Genet Network Proteom Facil, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Farman, Gerrie P.; Irving, Thomas C.] IIT, Biophys Collaborat Access Team, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Farman, Gerrie P.; Irving, Thomas C.] IIT, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Miller, MS (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, 149 Beaumont Ave,127 HSRF Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM mmiller@cems.uvm.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR016462, P20 RR16462, P41 RR008630, RR-08630]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL068034, R01 HL68034] NR 57 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2391 EP 2401 DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.130005 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 337ZJ UT WOS:000258473900024 PM 18515368 ER PT J AU Galush, WJ Nye, JA Groves, JT AF Galush, William J. Nye, Jeffrey A. Groves, Jay T. TI Quantitative fluorescence microscopy using supported lipid bilayer standards SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; CELL-ADHESION; MEMBRANES; ACTIVATION; CD2; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; CALIBRATION; MOBILITY; DENSITY AB Routine quantitative analysis of biomolecule surface density by fluorescence microscopy has been limited by the difficulty of preparing appropriate calibration standards that relate measured fluorescence intensity to actual surface concentration. Supported lipid bilayers are planar fluid films of uniform density and composition which can incorporate a variety of lipidated fluorophores and work well as fluorescence standards. Here, we outline a straightforward strategy to calibrate digital micrographs of fluorescent surfaces such as planar cellular junctions for comparison to supported bilayer standards. It can be implemented with standard microscopy equipment. To illustrate the advantages of this approach, we quantify cell- and bilayer-side protein density patterns in a hybrid immunological synapse between a T-cell and a supported bilayer. C1 [Galush, William J.; Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nye, Jeffrey A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groves, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtgroves@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 20 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2512 EP 2519 DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.131540 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 337ZJ UT WOS:000258473900034 PM 18515392 ER PT J AU Igathinathane, C Womac, AR Pordesimo, LO Sokhansanj, S AF Igathinathane, C. Womac, A. R. Pordesimo, L. O. Sokhansanj, S. TI Mold appearance and modeling on selected corn stover components during moisture sorption SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; corn stover; isotherms; mold growth model; water activity ID ALFALFA CUBES; BIOENERGY; BIOMASS; QUALITY AB Occurrence of mold was visually monitored for 26 days on samples of major anatomical components of corn stover maintained at several storage temperatures (T) and water activities (a(w)). Glass desiccators with saturated salt solutions placed in temperature controlled chambers provided simulated storage conditions with temperatures ranging from 10 degrees C to 40 degrees C and water activities ranging from 0.11 to 0.98. Mold affected leaf, stalk skin, and stalk pith equally at water activity greater than 0.9. As expected, a combination of increased water activity greater than 0.9 and temperatures greater than 30 degrees C was conducive to mold growth. Based on material moisture content during tile initial mold growth, it was postulated that among the corn stover components the stalk pith was the least resistant to mold growth followed by stalk skin and leaf for the studied range of temperature and water activity. Mold growth models fitted well with the observation. A linear mold-free days predictions using a three-parameter regression model (T, a(w), and T x a(w)) was superior (R-2 = 0.99) to other models considered. The exponential spoilage model using two parameter T and a(w) also gave comparable performance (R-2 = 0.95). Among tile independent factors, T x a(w) product was the most significant (p = 0.0069) followed by T (p = 0.0114), and a(w) (p = 0.3140) in explaining the experimental data. The developed models can be applied to predict the safe storage period of corn stover components exposed to various temperature and moisture environmental conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Womac, A. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Igathinathane, C.; Pordesimo, L. O.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sokhansanj, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Womac, AR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, 2506 E J Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM awomac@utk.edu OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 99 IS 14 BP 6365 EP 6371 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.075 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 319FZ UT WOS:000257150800051 PM 18226891 ER PT J AU Xu, TF AF Xu, Tengfang TI Characterization of minienvironments in a cleanroom: Assessing energy performance and its implications SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE minienvironment; cleanroom; airflow; fan-filter unit; energy; electric power demand; electric power density; cleanliness; contamination control; energy performance index ID DESIGN AB Filtered fans in cleanrooms can demand up to 400 W or more electric power per square meter of floor area to rapidly supply, recirculate, and exhaust air. "Minienvironments" that control particle concentrations within enclosures may not only maintain a level of stringent cleanliness, but also offer opportunities in energy savings and reducing operation costs through integration with adjacent cleanrooms. In order to better understand the total performance of minienvironments in operation, this paper characterizes energy performance of five different minienvironments (designated as ISO-Cleanliness-Class-3) that were in operation and were housed in a traditional, larger ISO-Cleanliness-Class-4 cleanroom used in the microelectronic industry. The measured parameters in the field investigation included electric power demand, airflows, in addition to physical characteristics and cleanliness performance of the minienvironments. In this paper, measured energy performance and associated metrics are compared to those of cleanrooms of various cleanliness classes. This paper develops new understanding of energy performance of minienvironments and quantifies the magnitudes of potential energy savings that could result from integrating minienvironments in traditional cleanrooms while achieving effective contamination control. Based upon this study, achieving energy savings by a magnitude of up to 60-86% was possible in the cleanroom facility housing the minienvironments. The paper also suggests means of increasing energy savings in minienvironments applications, including optimal design and operation, and space management in clean spaces. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 90R3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ttxu@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1545 EP 1552 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.09.003 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 317GL UT WOS:000257007900012 ER PT J AU Hong, TZ Buhl, F Haves, P Selkowitz, S Wetter, M AF Hong, Tianzhen Buhl, Fred Haves, Philip Selkowitz, Stephen Wetter, Michael TI Comparing Computer Run Time of Building Simulation Programs SO BUILDING SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE computer run time; simulation program; DOE-2; EnergyPlus AB This paper presents an approach for comparing the computer run time of building simulation programs. The computing run time of a simulation program depends on several key factors, including the calculation algorithm and modeling capabilities of the program, the run period, the simulation time step, the complexity of the energy models, the run control settings, and the software and hardware configurations of the computer used to run the simulation. To demonstrate this approach, we ran simulations for several representative DOE-2.1E and EnergyPlus energy models. We then compared and analyzed the computer run times of these energy models. C1 [Hong, Tianzhen; Buhl, Fred; Haves, Philip; Selkowitz, Stephen; Wetter, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hong, TZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM thong@LBL.gov RI Hong, Tianzhen/D-3256-2013 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1996-3599 J9 BUILD SIMUL-CHINA JI Build. Simul. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s12273-008-8123-y PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA V16RA UT WOS:000207885500002 ER PT J AU Besmann, TM AF Besmann, Theodore M. TI Thermochemical modeling of refractory corrosion in slagging coal gasifiers SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Refractory; Thermodynamics; Slag; Gasifier; Corrosion ID QUASI-CHEMICAL MODEL; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; SYSTEMS AB Slagging coal gasifiers suffer corrosive attack on the refractory liner and these interactions were thermochemically simulated. The slag is observed to penetrate the refractory, which complicates modeling the phase behavior of the slag-penetrated interior of the refractory. A simple strategy was adopted such that stepwise changes in composition with decreasing slag content were assumed to account for the compositional changes as slag penetrates the refractory. The thermochemical equilibrium calculations following this strategy typically yielded three solution phases as well as the stoichiometric crystalline phases AlPO4 and Ca-3(PO4)(2) depending on composition/penetration. Under some conditions a slag liquid miscibility gap exists Such that two slag liquids coexist. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci &Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci &Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM besmanntm@ornl.gov FU Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The author would like to acknowledge the valuable comments of James Keiser and Roberta Peascoe-Meisner of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research was sponsored by the Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, US Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle. LLC. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 466 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2008.07.004 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 364GO UT WOS:000260324400003 ER PT J AU Retterer, ST Melechko, A Hensley, DK Simpson, ML Doktycz, MJ AF Retterer, Scott T. Melechko, Anatoli Hensley, Dale K. Simpson, Michael L. Doktycz, Mitchel J. TI Positional control of catalyst nanoparticles for the synthesis of high density carbon nanofiber arrays SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; GROWTH; MICROARRAYS; ELECTRODES; TEMPLATES; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; ALIGNMENT; COLLAGEN AB Precise arrangement of nanoscale elements within larger systems, is essential to controlling higher order functionality and tailoring nanophase material properties. Here, we present findings on growth conditions for vertically aligned carbon nanofibers that enable synthesis of high density arrays and individual rows of nanofibers, which could be used to form barriers for restricting molecular transport, that have regular spacings and few defects. Growth through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition was initiated from precisely formed nickel catalyst dots of varying diameter and spacing that were patterned through electron beam lithography. Nanofiber growth conditions, including power, precursor gas ratio, growth temperature and pressure were varied to optimize fiber uniformity and minimize defects that result from formation and migration of catalyst particles prior to growth. It was determined that both catalyst dot diameter and initial plasma power have a considerable influence on the number and severity of defects, while growth temperature, gas ratio (C2H2:NH3) and pressure can be varied within a considerable range to fine-tune nanofiber morphology. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Retterer, Scott T.; Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Retterer, Scott T.; Melechko, Anatoli; Hensley, Dale K.; Simpson, Michael L.; Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Melechko, Anatoli] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Simpson, Michael L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Retterer, ST (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rettererst@ornl.gov RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000657-06, R01 EB000657] NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1378 EP 1383 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.05.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 352UN UT WOS:000259523000002 PM 19448842 ER PT J AU Hagberg, A Schult, DA AF Hagberg, Aric Schult, Daniel A. TI Rewiring networks for synchronization SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; COUPLED OSCILLATORS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; STABILITY; KURAMOTO; SYSTEMS; GRAPH AB We study the synchronization of identical oscillators diffusively coupled through a network and examine how adding, removing, and moving single edges affects the ability of the network to synchronize. We present algorithms which use methods based on node degrees and based on spectral properties of the network Laplacian for choosing edges that most impact synchronization. We show that rewiring based on the network Laplacian eigenvectors is more effective at enabling synchronization than methods based on node degree for many standard network models. We find an algebraic relationship between the eigenstructure before and after adding an edge and describe an efficient algorithm for computing Laplacian eigenvalues and eigenvectors that uses the network or its complement depending on which is more sparse. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hagberg, Aric] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schult, Daniel A.] Colgate Univ, Dept Math, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. RP Hagberg, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 AR 037105 DI 10.1063/1.2975842 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 359ZR UT WOS:000260027300041 PM 19045479 ER PT J AU Munro, KL Mariana, A Klavins, AI Foster, AJ Lai, B Vogo, S Cai, Z Harris, HH Dillon, CT AF Munro, Kristie L. Mariana, Anna Klavins, Andrejs I. Foster, Arnalanie J. Lai, Barry Vogo, Stefan Cai, ZhongHou Harris, Hugh H. Dillon, Carolyn T. TI Microprobe XRF mapping and XAS investigations of the intracellular metabolism of arsenic for understanding arsenic-induced toxicity SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; X-RAY MICROPROBE; LUMBRICUS-RUBELLUS; URINARY-EXCRETION; CELLS; TRIOXIDE; SPECIATION; TRIVALENT; CARCINOGENESIS; COMPLEXES AB Arsenic (As) is responsible for mass-poisonings worldwide following the ingestion of As-contaminated drinking water. Importantly, however, As toxicity is exploited in the antileukemia drug, Trisenox (AS(2)O(3)), which successfully cures 65-80% of patients suffering relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. In an effort to determine the intracellular organelle and biomolecular targets of As, microprobe X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses were performed on HepG2 cells following their exposure to high doses of arsenite (1 mM) or arsenate (20 mM). Microprobe XRF elemental mapping of thin-sectioned cells showed As accumulation in the euchromatin region of the cell nucleus (following arsenite exposure) synonymous with As targeting of DNA or proteins involved in DNA transcription. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of arsenite-treated cells, however, showed the predominance of an As tris-sulfur species, providing increased credence to As interactions with nuclear proteins as a key factor in As-induced toxicity. C1 [Munro, Kristie L.; Mariana, Anna; Klavins, Andrejs I.; Dillon, Carolyn T.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Foster, Arnalanie J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lai, Barry; Vogo, Stefan; Cai, ZhongHou] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Harris, Hugh H.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Dillon, CT (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM carolynd@uow.edu.au RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Harris, Hugh/0000-0002-3472-8628 FU University of Wollongong; Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful for financial support from the University of Wollongong, Small Grants Scheme and to the Australian Synchrotron Research Program (ASRP) for access to the APS and ANBF facilities (C.T.D., H.H.H., K.L.M., A.M., and A.I.K.). ASRP is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program. The use of APS facilities was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dr. Garry Foran and Dr. Bernt Johannessen (ANBF) for assistance with XAS. We also acknowledge the facilities at the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility at the Electron Microscope Unit, The University of Sydney, in particular, Emine Korkmaz and Tony Romeo for their suggestions and helpfulness during the thin-sectioning procedures. K.L.M. is grateful to the Australian Rotary Health Fund and Ian and Jean Simpson for her Ph.D. scholarship. NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1760 EP 1769 DI 10.1021/tx800128d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 349IU UT WOS:000259275300012 PM 18597498 ER PT J AU Wu, KJ Xie, F Zhou, Y Liu, F Xu, N AF Wu Ke-Jun Xie Fei Zhou You Liu Feng Xu Nu TI Determination of orientations in deformed U-U collisions at 0.52 GeV/u SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LANZHOU; CSR AB The ART model is applied to study the deformed UU collision at HIRFL-CSR energy area corresponding to the high baryon density region in the QCD phase diagram. The time evolution of central baryon (energy) densities in central collisions at E(b) = 0.52 GeV/u shows that different orientation collisions will lead to different lifetimes of high density, especially tip-tip UU collisions which have an extend lifetime for the high density phase by almost a factor of 2 compared to the body-body orientation collisions. In order to pick out the interesting tip-tip like events from a mass of random orientation collisions, we study the relation between stopping power R and impact parameter b in different orientation collisions and find that it can enhance the purity of tip-tip like events when R increases. Therefore, the high density and long lifetime events can be effectively distinguished by R selection. C1 [Wu Ke-Jun; Xie Fei; Zhou You; Liu Feng; Xu Nu] Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Xu Nu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu Ke-Jun; Liu Feng] Huzhong Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. RP Wu, KJ (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM wukj@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn OI Zhou, You/0000-0002-7868-6706 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10775058]; Ministry of Education of China [IRT0624]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJCX2-SW-N18, CXTD-J2005-1] FX Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10775058, the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No IRT0624, the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No DE-AC03-76SF00098, and Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos KJCX2-SW-N18 and CXTD-J2005-1. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 9 BP 3204 EP 3207 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 344HB UT WOS:000258916400030 ER PT J AU Brackbill, JU Lapenta, G AF Brackbill, J. U. Lapenta, G. TI Magnetohydrodynamics with implicit plasma simulation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE plasma simulation; MHD; particle-in-cell; implicit methods ID HYBRID DRIFT INSTABILITY; PARTICLE SIMULATION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; COLLISIONLESS DISSIPATION; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; 2 DIMENSIONS; EQUATIONS; SOLVERS; SHOCKS AB We consider whether implicit simulation techniques can be extended in time and space scales to magnetohydrodynamics without any change but the addition of collisions. Our goal is to couple fluid and kinetic models together for application to multi-scale problems. Within a simulation framework, transition from one model to the other would occur not by a change of algorithm, but by a change of parameters. This would greatly simplify the coupling. Along the way, we have found new ways to impose consistent boundary conditions for the field solver that result in charge and energy conservation, and establish that numerically-generated stochastic heating is the problem to overcome. For an MHD-like problem, collisions are clearly necessary to reduce the stochastic heating. Without collisions, the heating rate is unacceptable. With collisions, the heating rate is significantly reduced. C1 [Brackbill, J. U.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Lapenta, G.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Wiskunde, Centrum Plasma Astrofys, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. EM jerrybrackbill@comcast.net; Giovanni.Lapenta@wis.kuleuven.be OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 433 EP 456 PG 24 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100002 ER PT J AU Strauss, HR Hientzsch, B Chen, J AF Strauss, H. R. Hientzsch, B. Chen, J. TI A spectral element implementation for the M3D extended MHD code SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE spectral elements; extended MHD; M3D ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATION AB A spectral element library has been developed and integrated with the M3D extended MHD code. The currently used linear triangular finite element implementation and the new high order quadrilateral spectral element implementation are directly compared on equilibrium, linear stability, and nonlinear evolution calculations run on the same problems. C1 [Strauss, H. R.; Hientzsch, B.] New York Univ, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Chen, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08570 USA. RP Strauss, HR (reprint author), New York Univ, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM strauss@cims.nyu.edu; bernhard.hientzsch@wachovia.com; jchen@pppl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 506 EP 518 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100005 ER PT J AU Wright, JC Valeo, EJ Phillips, CK Bonoli, PT Brambilla, M AF Wright, J. C. Valeo, E. J. Phillips, C. K. Bonoli, P. T. Brambilla, M. TI Full wave simulations of lower hybrid waves in toroidal geometry with non-Maxwellian electrons SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE simulation; parallel; wave-equation; plasma; lowerhybrid ID ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; ALCATOR C-MOD; CURRENT DRIVE; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; PROPAGATION; CONVERSION; ABSORPTION AB Analysis of the propagation of waves in the lower hybrid range of frequencies in the past has been done using ray tracing and the WKB approximation. Advances in algorithms and the availability of massively parallel computer architectures has permitted the solving of the Maxwell-Vlasov system for wave propagation directly [Wright et al., Phys. Plasmas (2004), 11, 2473-2479]. These simulations have shown that the bridging of the spectral gap (the difference between the high injected phase velocities and the slower phase velocity at which damping on electrons occurs) can be explained by the diffraction effects captured in the full wave algorithm - an effect missing in WKB based approaches. However, these full wave calculations were done with a Maxwellian electron distribution and the presence of RF power induces quasilinear velocity space diffusion that causes distortions away from an Maxwellian. With sufficient power, a flattened region or plateau is formed between the point of most efficient damping on electrons at about 2-3 nu(the) and where collisional and quasilinear diffusion balance. To address this discrepancy and better model experiment, we have implemented [Valeo et al., "Full-wave Simulations of LH wave propagation in toroidal plasma with non-Maxwellian electron distributions", 18th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas, AIP Conference Proceedings (2007)] a non-Maxwellian dielectric in our full wave solver. We will show how these effects modify the electron absorption relative to what is found for a Maxwellian distribution. C1 [Wright, J. C.; Bonoli, P. T.] MIT, Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Valeo, E. J.; Phillips, C. K.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Brambilla, M.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys Garching, Garching, Germany. RP Wright, JC (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jwright@psfc.mit.edu; valeo@pppl.gov; ckphillips@pppl.gov; bonoli@psfc.mit.edu; mab@ipp.mpg.de NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 545 EP 555 PG 11 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100008 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, RA Lee, WW Qin, H AF Kolesnikov, R. A. Lee, W. W. Qin, H. TI Electromagnetic high frequency gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE gyrokinetics; magnetized plasmas; plasma kinetic equations ID EQUATIONS AB Using the gyrocenter-gauge kinetic theory, an electromagnetic version of the high frequency gyrokinetic numerical algorithm for particle-in-cell simulation has been developed. The new algorithm, being an alternative to a direct Lorentz-force simulation, offers an efficient way to simulate the dynamics of plasma heating and current drive with radio frequency waves. Gyrokinetic formalism enables separation of gyrocenter and gyrophase motions of a particle in a strong magnetic field. From this point of view, a particle may be viewed as a combination of a slow gyrocenter and a quickly changing Kruskal ring. In this approach, the nonlinear dynamics of high frequency waves is described by the evolution of Kruskal rings based on first principles physics. The efficiency of the algorithm is due to the fact that the simulation particles are advanced along the slow gyrocenter orbits, while the Kruskal rings capture fast gyrophase physics. Moreover, the gyrokinetic formalism allows separation of the cold response from kinetic effects in the current, which allows one to use much smaller number of particles than what is required by a direct Lorentz-force simulation. Also, the new algorithm offers the possibility to have particle refinement together with mesh refinement, when necessary. To illustrate the new algorithm, a simulation of the electromagnetic low-hybrid wave propagating in inhomogeneous magnetic field is presented. C1 [Kolesnikov, R. A.; Lee, W. W.; Qin, H.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rkolesni@pppl.gov; wwlee@pppl.gov; hongqin@pppl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 575 EP 591 PG 17 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100010 ER PT J AU Sotnikov, VI Ivanov, VV Presura, R Leboeuf, JN Onishchenko, OG Oliver, BV Jones, B Mehlhorn, TA Deeney, C AF Sotnikov, V. I. Ivanov, V. V. Presura, R. Leboeuf, J. N. Onishchenko, O. G. Oliver, B. V. Jones, B. Mehlhorn, T. A. Deeney, C. TI Investigation of compressible electromagnetic flute mode instability in finite beta plasma in support of Z-pinch and laboratory astrophysics experiments SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE flute instability; plasma turbulence; nonlinear cascades ID DRIFT; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN; FLOWS AB Flute mode turbulence plays an important role in numerous applications, such as tokamak, Z-pinch, space and astrophysical plasmas. In a low beta plasma flute oscillations are electrostatic and in the nonlinear stage they produce large scale density structures co-mingling with short scale oscillations. Large scale structures are responsible for the enhanced transport across the magnetic field and appearance of short scales leads to ion heating, associated with the ion viscosity. In the present paper nonlinear equations which describe the nonlinear evolution of the flute modes treated as compressible electromagnetic oscillations in a finite beta inhomogeneous plasma with nonuniform magnetic field are derived and solved numerically. For this purpose the 2D numerical code FLUTE was developed. Numerical results show that even in a finite beta plasma flute mode instability can develop along with formation of large scale structures co-existing with short scale perturbations in the nonlinear stage. C1 [Sotnikov, V. I.; Ivanov, V. V.; Presura, R.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89523 USA. [Leboeuf, J. N.] JNL Sci, Casa Grande, AZ 85222 USA. [Onishchenko, O. G.] Inst Phys Earth, Moscow 123995, Russia. [Oliver, B. V.; Jones, B.; Mehlhorn, T. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Deeney, C.] Dept Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Sotnikov, VI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89523 USA. EM Sotnikov@unr.edu; Ivanov@unr.edu; Presura@unr.edu; jnlscientific@hotmail.com; onish@ifz.ru; bvolive@sandia.gov; bmjones@sandia.gov; twnehlh@sandia.gov; Chris.Deeney@nnsa.doe.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 611 EP 623 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100012 ER PT J AU Vahala, G Keating, B Soe, M Yepez, J Vahala, L Carter, J Ziegeler, S AF Vahala, G. Keating, B. Soe, M. Yepez, J. Vahala, L. Carter, J. Ziegeler, S. TI MHD turbulence studies using lattice Boltzmann algorithms SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE turbulence; lattice Boltzmann method; entropy; MHD ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; H-THEOREM; MODELS; HYDRODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE AB Three dimensional free-decaying MHD turbulence is simulated by lattice Boltzmann methods on a spatial grid of 8000(3) for low and high magnetic Prandtl number. It is verified that Delta . B = 0 is automatically maintained to machine accuracy throughout the simulation. Isosurfaces of vorticity and current show the persistence of many large scale structures (both magnetic and velocity) for long times - unlike the velocity isosurfaces of Navier-Stokes turbulence. C1 [Vahala, G.; Keating, B.] William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Keating, B.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Soe, M.] Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. [Yepez, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Vahala, L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Carter, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ziegeler, S.] Mississippi State Univ, High Performance Comp Modernizat Program, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vahala, G (reprint author), William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM gvahala@gmail.com; brkeats@gmail.com; msoe.rsu@gmail.com; ieffrey.yepez@gmail.com; lvahala@odu.edu; jtcarter@lbl.gov; sean.ziegeler@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 624 EP 646 PG 23 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100013 ER PT J AU Breslau, JA Sovinec, CR Jardin, SC AF Breslau, J. A. Sovinec, C. R. Jardin, S. C. TI An improved tokamak sawtooth benchmark for 3D nonlinear MHD SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE macroscopic MHD stability; nonlinear MHD; MHD code verification ID SIMULATION; PLASMA AB Accurate prediction of the sawtooth cycle [1] is an important test for nonlinear MHD codes. The sawtooth cycle in the CDX-U tokamak [2], chosen because its small size and low temperature allow simulation using actual device parameters, has been an important benchmark for the comparison of the M3D [3] and NIMROD [5] codes for the last several years. Successive comparisons have led to improvements and refinements in both codes. The most recent comparisons show impressive agreement between the two codes both on the linear instability and on the details of nonlinear cyclical behavior. These tests are somewhat idealized and do not yet agree quantitatively with the experimentally observed sawtooth period. We expect a second generation of CDX-U sawtooth benchmarks based on an analytically specified equilibrium, with source terms that show greater fidelity to the physical device, to produce better agreement. C1 [Breslau, J. A.; Jardin, S. C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sovinec, C. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Breslau, JA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jbreslau@pppl.gov; csovinec@cae.wisc.edu; sjardin@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 647 EP 658 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100014 ER PT J AU Chacon-Golcher, E Bowers, KJ AF Chacon-Golcher, E. Bowers, K. J. TI Particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collisions gun code simulations of a surface-conversion H- ion source SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE negative hydrogen ion source simulation; particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collisions; low temperature plasma simulation ID ELECTRON IMPACT; DISCHARGES; IONIZATION; MODEL AB We present an extended update on the status of a particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collisions (PIC-MCC) gun code developed at Los Alamos for the study of surface-converter H- ion sources. The program is fully kinetic. Some of the program's features include: solution of arbitrary electrostatic and magnetostatic fields in an axisymmetric (r,z) geometry to describe the self-consistent time evolution of a plasma; simulation of a multi-species (e(-), H+, H-2(+), H-3(+), H-) plasma discharge from a neutral hydrogen gas and filament-originated seed electrons; full 2-dimensional (r,z) 3-velocity (upsilon(r), upsilon(z), upsilon(phi)) dynamics for all species; detailed collision physics between charged particles and neutrals and the ability to represent multiple smooth (not stair-stepped) electrodes of arbitrary shape and voltage whose surfaces may be secondary-particle emitters (H- and e(-)). The status of this development is discussed in terms of its physics content and current implementation details. C1 [Chacon-Golcher, E.; Bowers, K. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chacon-Golcher, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM edc@lanl.gov; kevin.j.bowers@ieee.org NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 659 EP 674 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100015 ER PT J AU Cummings, J Pankin, A Podhorszki, N Park, G Ku, S Barreto, R Klasky, S Chang, CS Strauss, H Sugiyama, L Snyder, P Pearlstein, D Ludascher, B Bateman, G Kritz, A AF Cummings, J. Pankin, A. Podhorszki, N. Park, G. Ku, S. Barreto, R. Klasky, S. Chang, C. S. Strauss, H. Sugiyama, L. Snyder, P. Pearlstein, D. Ludaescher, B. Bateman, G. Kritz, A. CA CPES Team TI Plasma edge kinetic-MHD modeling in tokamaks using Kepler workflow for code coupling, data management and visualization SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY OCT 10-12, 2007 CL Austin, TX DE plasma simulation; magnetohydrodynamic and fluid equation; gyrofluid and gyrokinetic simulations; hybrid methods ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; DIII-D; LOCALIZED INSTABILITIES; ELM CHARACTERISTICS; H-MODE; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; PEDESTAL; PHYSICS AB A new predictive computer simulation tool targeting the development of the H-mode pedestal at the plasma edge in tokamaks and the triggering and dynamics of edge localized modes (ELMs) is presented in this report. This tool brings together, in a coordinated and effective manner, several first-principles physics simulation codes, stability analysis packages, and data processing and visualization tools. A Kepler workflow is used in order to carry out an edge plasma simulation that loosely couples the kinetic code, XGC0, with an ideal MHD linear stability analysis code, ELITE, and an extended MHD initial value code such as M3D or NIMROD. XGC0 includes the neoclassical ion-electron-neutral dynamics needed to simulate pedestal growth near the separatrix. The Kepler workflow processes the XGC0 simulation results into simple images that can be selected and displayed via the Dashboard, a monitoring tool implemented in AJAX allowing the scientist to track computational resources, examine running and archived jobs, and view key physics data, all within a standard Web browser. The XGC0 simulation is monitored for the conditions needed to trigger an ELM crash by periodically assessing the edge plasma pressure and current density profiles using the ELITE code. If an ELM crash is triggered, the Kepler workflow launches the M3D code on a moderate-size Opteron cluster to simulate the nonlinear ELM crash and to compute the relaxation of plasma profiles after the crash. This process is monitored through periodic outputs of plasma fluid quantities that are automatically visualized with AVS/Express and may be displayed on the Dashboard. Finally, the Kepler workflow archives all data. outputs and processed images using HPSS, as well as provenance information about the software and hardware used to create the simulation. The complete process of preparing, executing and monitoring a coupled-code simulation of the edge pressure pedestal buildup and the ELM cycle using the Kepler scientific workflow system is described in this paper. C1 [Cummings, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pankin, A.; Bateman, G.; Kritz, A.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Podhorszki, N.; Ludaescher, B.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Park, G.; Ku, S.; Chang, C. S.; Strauss, H.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Sugiyama, L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Snyder, P.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Pearlstein, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cummings, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cummings@cacr.caltech.edu; pankin@lehigh.edu; pnorbert@cs.ucdavis.edu; gypark@courant.nyu.edu; sku@cims.nyu.edu; barreto@ornl.gov; sklasky@ornl.gov; cschang@cims.nyu.edu; strauss@courant.nyu.edu; sugiyama@psfc.mit.edu; snyder@fusion.gat.com; ldp@llnl.gov; ludaesch@ucdavis.edu; bateman@lehigh.edu; kritz@lehigh.edu RI Ku, Seung-Hoe/D-2315-2009 OI Ku, Seung-Hoe/0000-0002-9964-1208 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 675 EP 702 PG 28 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 347CV UT WOS:000259119100016 ER PT J AU Foster, I Parastatidis, S Watson, P McKeown, M AF Foster, Ian Parastatidis, Savas Watson, Paul McKeown, Mark TI How do I model state? Let me count the ways SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 [Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [McKeown, Mark] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM foster@anl.gov; Savas.Parastatidis@newcastle.ac.uk; Paul.Watson@nwcastle.ac.uk RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U. S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38]; EPSRC; DTI; JISC FX We are grateful to Karl Czajkowski, Jim Gray, and Sam Meder for comments on an earlier version of this document. Needless to say, the characterizations of the different arguments are our own. The work of the first author was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. The work at Newcastle was supported by the UK eScience Programme, with funding from the EPSRC, DTI and JISC. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 9 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1145/1378727.1378739 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 345IJ UT WOS:000258989500020 ER PT J AU Mniszewski, SM Del Valle, SY Stroud, PD Riese, JM Sydoriak, SJ AF Mniszewski, S. M. Del Valle, S. Y. Stroud, P. D. Riese, J. M. Sydoriak, S. J. TI Pandemic simulation of antivirals plus school closures: buying time until strain-specific vaccine is available SO COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE epidemic modeling; agent-based simulation; social network dynamics ID INFLUENZA; INTERVENTIONS; STRATEGIES; INFECTION; CHILDREN AB A strain-specific vaccine is unlikely to be available in the early phases of a potential H5N1 avian influenza pandemic. It could be months and at the current production rate may not provide timely protection to the population. Intervention strategies that control the spread of infection will be necessary in this situation, such as the use of the US stockpile of antiviral medication coupled with a 6-month school closure. The agent-based simulation model, EpiSimS, was used to assess the impact of this intervention strategy followed by three different vaccine approaches: (1) 2-dose, 80% effective, (2) 1-dose, 30% effective, and (3) 1 dose, 80% effective. Simulations show that the combination of antivirals, school closures, and a strain-specific vaccine can reduce morbidity and mortality while in effect. A significant second infection wave can occur with current vaccine technology once school closures are relaxed, though an ideal vaccine is able to contain it. In our simulations, worker absenteeism increases in all cases mostly attributed to household adults staying home with children due to the school closures. C1 [Mniszewski, S. M.; Del Valle, S. Y.; Stroud, P. D.; Riese, J. M.; Sydoriak, S. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mniszewski, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smm@lanl.gov; sdelvalle@lanl.gov; stroud@lanl.gov; jriese@lanl.gov; sxs@lanl.gov OI Mniszewski, Susan/0000-0002-0077-0537 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-298X J9 COMPUT MQTH ORGAN TH JI Comput. Math. Organ. Theory PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10588-008-9027-1 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 346ID UT WOS:000259061100002 ER PT J AU Gorton, I AF Gorton, Ian TI XML does real programmers a service SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ian.gorton@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD SEP PY 2008 VL 41 IS 9 BP 100 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2008.404 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 344NN UT WOS:000258934500017 ER PT J AU in't Veld, PJ Plimpton, SJ Grest, GS AF in't Veld, Pieter J. Plimpton, Steven J. Grest, Gary S. TI Accurate and efficient methods for modeling colloidal mixtures in an explicit solvent using molecular dynamics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; colloid mixtures; neighbor algorithm ID POLYMER-NANOCOMPOSITE; STOKESIAN DYNAMICS; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; PARTICLE MODEL; SIMULATION; RHEOLOGY; FLUID; ALGORITHMS AB Most simulations of colloidal suspensions treat the solvent implicitly or as a continuum. However as particle size decreases to the nanometer scale, this approximation fails and one needs to treat the solvent explicitly. Due to the large number of smaller solvent particles, such simulations are computationally challenging. Additionally, as the ratio of nanoparticle size to solvent size increases, commonly-used molecular dynamics algorithms for neighbor finding and parallel communication become inefficient. Here we present modified algorithms that enable fast single processor performance and reasonable parallel scalability for mixtures with a wide range of particle size ratios. The methods developed are applicable for any system with widely varying force distance cutoffs, independent of particle sizes and independent of the interaction potential. As a demonstration of the new algorithm's effectiveness, we present results for the pair correlation function and diffusion constant for mixtures where colloidal particles interact via integrated potentials. In these systems, with nanoparticles 20 times larger than the surrounding solvent particles, our parallel molecular dynamics code runs more than 100 times faster using the new algorithms. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [in't Veld, Pieter J.; Plimpton, Steven J.; Grest, Gary S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Plimpton, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjplimp@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 179 IS 5 BP 320 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2008.03.005 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 346OD UT WOS:000259077200004 ER PT J AU Bo, W Jin, H Kim, D Liu, X Lee, H Pestieau, N Yu, Y Glimm, J Grove, JW AF Bo, W. Jin, H. Kim, D. Liu, X. Lee, H. Pestieau, N. Yu, Y. Glimm, J. Grove, J. W. TI Comparison and validation of multi phase closure models SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE multiphase flow; closure; turbulence ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; 2-PHASE FLOW MODELS; DEPENDENCE; EQUATIONS AB The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple (one or two parameter) multiphase flow model, suitable for the description of Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing layers. We justify model closure assumptions in this model by comparison to Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov simulation data. We show that the relative errors related to model closure terms are about 10%, and are about two to four times smaller than related closure models of Abgrall and Saurel. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grove, J. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Continuum Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bo, W.; Kim, D.; Liu, X.; Lee, H.; Pestieau, N.; Yu, Y.; Glimm, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Jin, H.] Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Math, Cheju 690756, South Korea. [Glimm, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Grove, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Continuum Dynam Grp, Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgrove@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2008.02.030 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 336FP UT WOS:000258350000013 ER PT J AU Mijangos, E Costa, JS Roubeau, O Teat, SJ Gamez, P Reedijk, J Gasque, L AF Mijangos, Edgar Costa, Jose Sanchez Roubeau, Olivier Teat, Simon J. Gamez, Patrick Reedijk, Jan Gasque, Laura TI Self-assembly of an infinite copper(II) chiral metallohelicate SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; STRANDED HELICATE; METAL-COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL; LIGANDS; CONSTRUCTION; POLYMERS; DESIGN AB The self-assembly between a chiral polydentate N(8)O(4) ligand, containing a bis-imidazole unit substituted by 4 L-valine groups, and copper(II) ions leads to an optically pure, infinite M-helical chain. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the compound crystallizes in the hexagonal chiral space group P6(1)22 with a single [HValbiim](5-) unit coordinating three different copper(II) centers. Cu1 is in a distorted square-pyramidal environment, Cu2 is involved as well in a five-coordinated CuN(2)O(3) chromophore but with a coordination geometry intermediate between a square pyramid and a trigonal bipyramid, and the third copper(II) ion, namely, Cu3, is in a slightly distorted square planar environment defined by three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from two [HValbiim](5-) ligands. The resulting double bridge (namely, Cu2-O42 '' and Cu2 ''-O42) gives rise to the formation of a hexanuclear entity. The found antiferromagnetic behavior, successfully modeled by an isosceles triangle, is consistent with the strong coupling of Cu1 and Cu2 through a hydroxido group and the coupling of Cu3 with each one of Cu1 and Cu2 through one of the imidazolato groups from the Biim(2-) moiety of the ligand. C1 [Mijangos, Edgar; Gasque, Laura] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Quim Inorgan & Nucl, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Costa, Jose Sanchez; Gamez, Patrick; Reedijk, Jan] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Roubeau, Olivier] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, F-33600 Pessac, France. [Teat, Simon J.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gasque, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Quim Inorgan & Nucl, Fac Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM gasquel@servidor.unam.mx RI Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010; Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; Sanchez Costa, Jose/N-9085-2014 OI Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843; Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525; Sanchez Costa, Jose/0000-0001-5426-7956 FU DGAPA UNAM [IN106003] FX We acknowledge the provision of time on the Small Molecule Crystallography Service at the CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory via support by the European Community. L.G. and E.M. thank DGAPA UNAM for economic support through Grant IN106003. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3187 EP 3192 DI 10.1021/cg700876d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 345DK UT WOS:000258976100014 ER PT J AU Gifford, AN Espaillat, MP Gatley, SJ AF Gifford, Andrew N. Espaillat, Mel Pilar Gatley, S. John TI Biodistribution of radiolabeled ethanol in rodents SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY; PANCREATIC ACINAR-CELLS; RAT-BRAIN; METABOLISM; MOUSE; BLOOD; MICRODIALYSIS; ACETALDEHYDE; ACTIVATION; MONKEYS AB The biodistribution of [1-(14)C] ethanol in rodents was examined to determine sites of concentration of ethanol or its metabolites that may contribute to its toxicological and pharmacokinetic characteristics. After i.v. administration of [1-(14)C] ethanol in mice, radioactivity showed a widespread distribution among body organs. Determination of the proportion of tissue radioactivity accounted for by volatile [1-(14)C] ethanol versus nonvolatile (14)C metabolites indicated that tissue radioactivity was mostly in the form of the latter, even as early as 5 min after injection, indicating a rapid metabolism of the radiolabeled ethanol to labeled metabolites. In a separate study, radioactivity was imaged using whole-body autoradiography after i.v. administration in rats. High levels of radioactivity were observed in the Harderian gland, preputial gland, and pancreas at 15 and 60 min after injection. High levels of radioactivity were also apparent at the later time point in the intestinal tract, indicating hepatobiliary excretion of radiolabeled metabolites. Moderate levels of radioactivity were present in the liver, lungs, salivary glands, bone marrow, and kidney cortex. In conclusion, after i.v. [(14)C] ethanol administration, radioactivity initially distributes widely among body organs but concentrates in specific tissues at subsequent time points. Especially notable in the current study was the high concentration of radioactivity accumulating in the pancreas. It is thus tempting to speculate that the well documented high incidence of pancreatic disease observed in human chronic alcoholism may be related to a propensity of this organ to accumulate ethanol and/or reactive ethanol metabolites. C1 [Gifford, Andrew N.; Espaillat, Mel Pilar; Gatley, S. John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gifford, AN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gifforda@bnl.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [5R21AA014018] NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1853 EP 1858 DI 10.1124/dmd.107.020271 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 339WK UT WOS:000258607800015 PM 18566042 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG White, S Pockman, WT AF McDowell, Nate G. White, Sandra Pockman, William T. TI Transpiration and stomatal conductance across a steep climate gradient in the southern Rocky Mountains SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE altitude; gas exchange; carbon isotopes; sap flow; water availability ID SAPWOOD AREA RATIO; DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; PONDEROSA PINE; LEAF-AREA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SCOTS PINE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; FOLIAGE BIOMASS; WATER TRANSPORT AB Transpiration (E) is regulated over short time periods by stomatal conductance (G(s)) and over multi-year periods by tree- and stand-structural factors such as leaf area, height and density, with upper limits ultimately set by climate. We tested the hypothesis that tree structure, stand structure and G(s) together regulate E per ground area (E-g) within climatic limits using three sites located across a steep climatic gradient: a low-elevation Juniperus woodland, a mid-elevation Pinus forest and a high-elevation Picea forest. We measured leaf area : sapwood area ratio (A(1) : A(s)), height and ecosystem sapwood area : ground area ratio (A(s) : A(g)) to assess long-term structural adjustments, tree-ring carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13) to assess seasonal gas exchange, and whole-tree E and G(s) to assess short-term regulation. We used a hydraulic model based on Darcy's law to interpret the interactive regulation of G(s) and E-g. Common allometric dependencies were found only in the relationship of sapwood area to diameter for pine and spruce; there were strong site differences for allometric relationships of sapwood area to basal area, A(1) : A(s) and A(s) : A(g). On a sapwood area basis, E decreased with increasing elevation, but this pattern was reversed when E was scaled to the crown using A(1) : A(s) . E-g was controlled largely by A(s) : A(g), and both E-g and G(s) declined from high- to low-elevation sites. Observation-model comparisons of E-g, G(s) and delta C-13 were strongest using the hydraulic model parameterized with precipitation, vapour pressure deficit, A(1) : A(s), height, and A(s) : A(g), supporting the concept that climate, G(s), tree- and stand-structure interact to regulate E-g. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [White, Sandra; Pockman, William T.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov RI Pockman, William/D-4086-2014 OI Pockman, William/0000-0002-3286-0457 FU Office of Science (Office of Biological and Environmental Research); Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64393]; University of California's Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Albuquerque Office FX We appreciate the field and lab assistance of Karen Brown, Heath Powers, Clif Meyer, Toti Larson, Samantha Stutz, Julie Glaser and Nicole Davidson, and the logistical support provided by Paul Brooks. We are particularly indebted to Los Alamos High School's cross-country team, which provided approximately 90 students to conduct foliage harvests over 2 days. Eric Small and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was funded by Grants from the Office of Science (Office of Biological and Environmental Research), Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER64393, the University of California's Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, and from the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque Office. NR 78 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 SI SI BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1002/eco.20 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 365ZE UT WOS:000260447900002 ER PT J AU Matamala, R Jastrow, JD Miller, RM Garten, CT AF Matamala, R. Jastrow, J. D. Miller, R. M. Garten, C. T. TI Temporal changes in C and N stocks of restored prairie: Implications for C sequestration strategies SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; carbon stocks; chronosequence; net ecosystem production; nitrogen stocks; restoration; tallgrass prairie ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; LONG-TERM; SOUTHERN WISCONSIN; EXTRACTION METHOD; DEGRADED SOILS; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN AB The recovery of ecosystem C and N dynamics after disturbance can be a slow process. Chronosequence approaches offer unique opportunities to use space-for-time substitution to quantify the recovery of ecosystem C and N stocks and estimate the potential of restoration practices for C sequestration. We studied the distribution of C and N stocks in two chronosequences that included long-term cultivated lands, 3- to 26-year-old prairie restorations, and remnant prairie on two related soil series. Results from the two chronosequences did not vary significantly and were combined. Based on modeling predictions, the recovery rates of different ecosystem components varied greatly. Overall, C stocks recovered faster than N stocks, but both C and N stocks recovered more rapidly for aboveground vegetation than for any other ecosystem component. Aboveground C and N reached 95% of remnant levels in only 13 years and 21 years, respectively, after planting to native vegetation. Belowground plant C and N recovered several decades later, while microbial biomass C, soil organic C (SOC), and total soil N recovered on a century timescale. In the cultivated fields, SOC concentrations were depleted within the surface 25 cm, coinciding with the depth of plowing, but cultivation apparently led to redistribution of soil C, increasing SOC stocks deeper in the soil pro. le. The restoration of prairie vegetation was effective at rebuilding soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil. Accrual rates were maintained at 43 g C.m(-2).yr(-1) and 3 g N.m(-2).yr(-1) in the surface 0.16 Mg/m(2) soil mass during the first 26 years of restoration and were predicted to reach 50% of their storage potential (3500 g C/m(2)) in the first 100 years. We conclude that restoration of tallgrass prairie vegetation can restore SOM lost through cultivation and has the potential to sequester relatively large amounts of SOC over a sustained period of time. Whether restored prairies can retain the C apparently transferred to the subsoil by cultivation practices remains to be seen. C1 [Matamala, R.; Jastrow, J. D.; Miller, R. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Garten, C. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Matamala, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Matamala@anl.gov NR 69 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 69 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1470 EP 1488 DI 10.1890/07-1609.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337CR UT WOS:000258413600013 PM 18767623 ER PT J AU Lee, AC Liu, GD Heng, CK Tan, SN Lim, TM Lin, YH AF Lee, Ai-Cheng Liu, Guodong Heng, Chew-Kiat Tan, Swee-Ngin Lim, Tit-Meng Lin, Yuehe TI Sensitive electrochemical detection of horseradish peroxidase at disposable screen-printed carbon electrode SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE horseradish peroxidase; o-aminophenol; screen-printed carbon electrode; electrochemical detection.; point-of-care ID ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOASSAY; RENEWABLE AMPEROMETRIC IMMUNOSENSOR; FLOW/STOPPED-FLOW SYSTEM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; PASTE ELECTRODE; HUMAN SERUM; SUBSTRATE; AMINOPHENOL; ANTIBODY AB A rapid, simple and sensitive electrochemical assay of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) performed on disposable screen-printed carbon electrode was developed. HRP activities were monitored by square-wave voltammetric (SWV) measuring the electroactive enzymatic product in the presence of o-aminophenol and hydrogen peroxide substrate solution. SWV analysis demonstrated a greater sensitivity and shorter analysis time than the widely used amperometric and differential-pulsed voltammetric methods. The voltammetric characteristics of substrate and enzymatic product as well as the parameters of SWV analysis were optimized. Under optimized conditions. a linear response for HRP from 0.003 to 0.1 U/mL and a detection limit of 0.002 U/mL (1.25 x 10(-15) mol in 25 mu L) were obtained with a good precision (RSD = 8%; n = 6). This rapid and sensitive HRP assay with microliter-assay volume could be readily integrated to portable devices and point-of-care (POC) diagnosis applications. C1 [Lee, Ai-Cheng; Lim, Tit-Meng] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Lee, Ai-Cheng; Liu, Guodong; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tan, Swee-Ngin] Nanyang Technol Univ, Acad Grp Nat Sci & Sci Educ, Singapore 637616, Singapore. [Heng, Chew-Kiat] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Paediat, Singapore 119074, Singapore. RP Lim, TM (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, 14 Sci Dr 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore. EM dbsltm@nus.edu.sg; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Heng, Chew-Kiat/A-5530-2009 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Heng, Chew-Kiat/0000-0002-7309-9473 FU National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program [NS058161-01]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH [U54 ES16015]; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National University of Singapore Postgraduate Research Scholarship; PNNL FX The work was done at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) supported partially by grant number NS058161-01 from the National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and partially by grant number U54 ES16015 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Federal Government. The research described in this paper was partly performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05 - 76RL01830. One of the authors, A. C. Lee gratefully acknowledges the award of National University of Singapore Postgraduate Research Scholarship and a PNNL fellowship to perform this work at PNNL. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 20 IS 18 BP 2040 EP 2046 DI 10.1002/elan.200804287 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 357PT UT WOS:000259859300014 PM 20148182 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Yu, XQ Li, H Yang, XQ McBreen, J Huang, XJ AF Wang, X. J. Yu, X. Q. Li, H. Yang, X. Q. McBreen, J. Huang, X. J. TI Li-storage in LiFe1/4Mn1/4Co1/4Ni1/4PO4 solid solution SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE LiFe1/4Mn1/4Co1/4Ni1/4PO4; GITT; voltage relaxation technique; chemical diffusion coefficient; lithium ion batteries ID CHEMICAL DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; LITHIUM BATTERIES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; OLIVINES; LIFEPO4; CATHODES; LIMPO4; MN; FE AB Olivine structured LiFe1/4Mn1/4Co1/4Ni1/4PO4 in pure solid solution single phase was obtained using solid-state reaction. For the carbon-coated material, in a voltage range of 3.0-5.1 V (vs. Li/Li+), three voltage plateaus were observed clearly in both galvanostatic discharging and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) curves. These three plateaus are corresponding to Co3+/Co2+, Mn3+/Mn2+ and Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couples. No definite plateau can be assigned to Ni3+/Ni2+ redox couple in this voltage range. The overpotentials show the maximum when the redox reaction shifts from one redox couple to another couple. The apparent chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium ((D) over bar (Li)) are in the same order of magnitude 10(-15) cm(2) s(-1) for all transition reactions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, X. J.; Yu, X. Q.; Li, H.; Huang, X. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yang, X. Q.; McBreen, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Zhongguancun S 3rd St, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM xjhuang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Li, Hong/C-4643-2008; IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013; Yu, Xiqian/B-5574-2014 OI Li, Hong/0000-0002-8659-086X; Yu, Xiqian/0000-0001-8513-518X FU Nature Scientific Foundation of China [50730005, 60621061]; BNL; U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX The work in CAS was supported by Nature Scientific Foundation of China (50730005, 60621061), "863" project (2006AA03Z228) and "973" project (2007CB936501). The work at BNL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under the program of "Hybrid and Electric Systems", of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1347 EP 1350 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.07.010 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 351QD UT WOS:000259438200036 ER PT J AU Fowler, B Lucas, CA Omer, A Wang, G Stamenkovic, VR Markovic, NM AF Fowler, Ben Lucas, Christopher A. Omer, Ahmed Wang, Guofeng Stamenkovic, Vojislav R. Markovic, Nenad M. TI Segregation and stability at Pt3Ni(111) surfaces and Pt75Ni25 nanoparticles SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electrified Interfaces CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Sahoro, JAPAN SP Int Soc Electrochem, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Kao Fdn Arts & Sci, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn, Mat Sci & Engn, Suzuki Fdn, Tokyo Ohka Fdn, Promot Sci & Technol, PCCP, Elsevier DE electrocatalysis; single crystal alloy; X-ray scattering; surface segregation; nanoparticles ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; ALLOY SURFACES; DIFFRACTION; ENHANCEMENT; FE; NI AB Using in situ surface X-ray diffraction we have determined the atomic structure and stability of a Pt3Ni(111) surface in the electrochemical environment. Surface segregation leads to a pure Pt(111) skin with enrichment of Ni in the sub-surface atomic layer that determines the surface electronic structure. The Pt-skin surface exhibits inward relaxation upon the adsorption of oxygenated species and this explains the surface stability compared to pure Pt(111). Using Monte Carlo calculations it is shown that nanoparticles with the same surface composition and stochiometry are energetically stable. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fowler, Ben; Lucas, Christopher A.; Omer, Ahmed] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Wang, Guofeng] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Phys, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. [Stamenkovic, Vojislav R.; Markovic, Nenad M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lucas, CA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. EM clucas@liv.ac.uk OI Lucas, Christopher/0000-0001-5743-3868 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 53 IS 21 BP 6076 EP 6080 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.11.063 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 328PW UT WOS:000257811300005 ER PT J AU Hennessy, DC Pierce, M Chang, KC Takakusagi, S You, H Uosaki, K AF Hennessy, Daniel C. Pierce, Michael Chang, Kee-Chul Takakusagi, Satoru You, Hoydoo Uosaki, Kohei TI Hydrophilicity transition of the clean rutile TiO(2) (110) surface SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electrified Interfaces CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Sahoro, JAPAN SP Int Soc Electrochem, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Kao Fdn Arts & Sci, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn, Mat Sci & Engn, Suzuki Fdn, Tokyo Ohka Fdn, Promot Sci & Technol, PCCP, Elsevier DE contact angle measurement; surface X-ray scattering; crystal truncation rod; UV irradiation; hydrophobic hydrophilic surfaces ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INTERFACIAL WATER; ADSORPTION; CONVERSION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; HYDROCARBONS; ELECTRODE; MODEL; H2O AB We present contact angle measurements of water on single-crystal rutile TiO(2) 0 10) surfaces, exposed to ambient air, or protected in dry air. Our measurements indicate that the surfaces exposed to ambient air are hydrophobic, with a contact angle of theta = 61(5)degrees. However, the well-protected dry surface also exhibits some hydrophobic tendency, with theta = 32(5)degrees. It is known that UV irradiation transforms both surfaces superhydrophilic, with theta=0 degrees IR. Wang, K. Hashimoto, A. Fujishima, M. Chikuni, E. Kojima, A. Kitamura, M. Shimohigoshi, T. Watanabe, Nature 388 (1997) 431-432]. We also present preliminary X-ray crystal truncation rod measurements on the hydrophobic TiO(2) (110) surface, and of the effect of UV illumination on the surface. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hennessy, Daniel C.; Pierce, Michael; Chang, Kee-Chul; You, Hoydoo] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Takakusagi, Satoru; Uosaki, Kohei] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Chem, Phys Chem Lab, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP You, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hyou@anl.gov RI Uosaki, Kohei/A-8217-2008; Hennessy, Daniel/A-6203-2011; Takakusagi, Satoru/A-6953-2012; Pierce, Michael/D-5570-2014; Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Uosaki, Kohei/0000-0001-8886-3270; Takakusagi, Satoru/0000-0002-4095-172X; Pierce, Michael/0000-0002-9209-8556; Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 53 IS 21 BP 6173 EP 6177 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.016 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 328PW UT WOS:000257811300018 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Jia, QX AF Lee, Jang-Sik Jia, Q. X. TI Comparative study of reliability issues in la-doped bismuth titante thin films according to the bottom electrode materials SO ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric materials; fatigue; hydrogen-induced degradation; conductive oxide electrode; La-doped bismuth titanate ID HYDROGEN-INDUCED DEGRADATION; NUCLEATED LATERAL CRYSTALLIZATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; CAPACITORS; CRYSTAL; GROWTH AB We have investigated the effects of bottom electrode materials on fatigue and hydrogen-induced degradation in La-doped bismuth titanate (Bi(3.25)sLa(0.75)Ti(3)O(12); BLT) thin films. BLT thin films were deposited on SrRuO(3) (SRO) and platinum (Pt) electrodes by pulsed laser deposition. BLT films on both electrodes showed good crystallized structures and ferroelectric properties after post-deposition annealing. Also, it was observed that there is almost no fatigue degradation in both cases. However, substantially different hydrogen-induced degradation behavior was observed in the case of BLT based capacitors according to the bottom electrode materials. When Pt was used as a bottom electrode, the hydrogen-induced degradation was found to be very severe, resulting in polarization failure even at 300 C. In contrast, BLT films on SRO electrodes were highly immune to hydrogen-induced degradation. C1 [Lee, Jang-Sik] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM jangsik@kookmin.ac.kr RI Lee, Jang-Sik/A-6629-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Lee, Jang-Sik/0000-0002-1096-1783; FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Center for Materials and Processes of Self-assembly [R11-2005-048-00000-0]; SystemIC2010" project of the Korean Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF; Korea government (MEST) [R01-2008-000-11994-0] FX This work was supported as a Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project under the United States Department of Energy. In addition, J.S.L. acknowledges support by the ERC program of MEST/KOSEF from the Center for Materials and Processes of Self-assembly (R11-2005-048-00000-0), the "SystemIC2010" project of the Korean Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, and a Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (R01-2008-000-11994-0). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA POSCO CENTER, 4TH FL (EAST WING), 892 DAECHI-4-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-777, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-8090 J9 ELECTRON MATER LETT JI Electron. Mater. Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 347SC UT WOS:000259160300002 ER PT J AU Augustin, V Stachowiak, T Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Augustin, Violaine Stachowiak, Timothy Svec, Frantisek Frechet, Jean M. J. TI CEC separation of using a poly(hexyl acrylate-co-1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-[2-(aeryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride) monolithic column SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Capillary electrochrornatography; Monolithic stationary phase; Proteomics; Peptides; Tryptic digest ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STEARYL-ACRYLATE MONOLITHS; POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; IN-SITU SYNTHESIS; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEPTIDES AB A polyacrylate-based monolithic column bearing cationic functionalities and designed for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has been prepared via photopolymerization of a mixture of hexyl acrylate, butanediol diacrylate, 2-(acryloyloxy) ethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (monomers), azobisisobutyronitrile (photoinitiator), acetonitrile, phosphate buffer, and ethanol (porogens). The polymerization process was initiated with UV light at 360 nm. The column performance was evaluated via the separations of alkyl-benzenes, substituted anilines, basic drugs, peptides, and a protein digest. The separation of complex peptide mixtures was then studied since such separations constitute a promising application of capillary electrochromatograhy. In particular, the effects of mobile phase composition, including ionic strength of the buffer solution and the percentage of acetonitrile on the retention factor, the column efficiency, and the resolution were determined. The separations were affected by both interaction of the peptides with the stationary phase and their own electrophoretic mobility. Excellent separations with column efficiencies of up to 160 000 plates/m were achieved for both a mixture of ten well-defined peptides and a tryptic digest of cytochrome c. The fractions of eluent containing peptides of the digest separated in the monolithic column were collected and characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. C1 [Augustin, Violaine; Stachowiak, Timothy; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Svec, Frantisek; Frechet, Jean M. J.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institutes of Health [GM44885]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Support by grants of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health (GM44885) is gratefully acknowledged. Characterization work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 29 IS 18 SI SI BP 3875 EP 3886 DI 10.1002/elps.200700883 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 363BY UT WOS:000260242100021 PM 18850656 ER PT J AU Kenefic, LJ Pearson, T Okinaka, RT Chung, WK Max, T Van Ert, MN Marston, CK Gutierrez, K Swinford, AK Hoffmaster, AR Keim, P AF Kenefic, Leo J. Pearson, Talima Okinaka, Richard T. Chung, Wai-Kwan Max, Tamara Van Ert, Matthew N. Marston, Chung K. Gutierrez, Kathy Swinford, Amy K. Hoffmaster, Alex R. Keim, Paul TI Texas isolates closely related to Bacillus anthracis Ames SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID POLYMORPHISMS; DISCOVERY; OUTBREAK C1 [Keim, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Okinaka, Richard T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Marston, Chung K.; Hoffmaster, Alex R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gutierrez, Kathy; Swinford, Amy K.] Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX USA. [Keim, Paul] Translat Genom Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM paul.keim@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1494 EP 1496 DI 10.3201/eid1409.080076 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 345JE UT WOS:000258991700036 PM 18760033 ER PT J AU Scott, MJ Roop, JM Schultz, RW Anderson, DM Cort, KA AF Scott, Michael J. Roop, Joseph M. Schultz, Robert W. Anderson, David M. Cort, Katherine A. TI The impact of DOE building technology energy efficiency programs on US employment, income, and investment SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE energy efficiency; residential and commercial buildings; macroeconomic impacts; employment; investment ID PUBLIC BENEFIT FUND; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; LOUISIANA AB The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) analyzes the macroeconomic impacts of its programs that are designed to increase the energy efficiency of the U.S. residential and commercial building stock. The analysis is conducted using the Impact of Sector Energy Technologies (ImSET) model, a special-purpose 188-sector input-output model of the U.S. economy designed specifically to evaluate the impacts of energy efficiency investments and saving. For the analysis described in the paper, ImSET was amended to provide estimates of sector-by-sector capital requirements and investment. In the scenario of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2005 Building Technologies (BT) program, the technologies and building practices being developed and promoted by the BT program have the potential to save about 2.9 x 10(15) Btu in buildings by the year 2030, about 27% of the expected growth in building energy consumption by the year 2030. The analysis reported in the paper finds that, by the year 2030, these savings have the potential to increase employment by up to 446,000 jobs, increase wage income by $7.8 billion, reduce needs for capital stock in the energy sector and closely related supporting industries by about $207 billion (and the corresponding annual level of investment by $13 billion), and create net capital savings that are available to grow the nation's future economy. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 [Scott, Michael J.; Roop, Joseph M.; Schultz, Robert W.; Anderson, David M.; Cort, Katherine A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scott, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K6-05, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM michael.scott@pnl.gov; joe.roop@pnl.gov; robert.schultz@pnl.gov; DMA@pnl.gov; Katherine.Cort@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 5 BP 2283 EP 2301 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2007.09.001 PG 19 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 342SZ UT WOS:000258805100012 ER PT J AU Hong, JG Oh, KC Do Lee, U Shin, HD AF Hong, Jung Goo Oh, Kwang Chul Do Lee, Uen Shin, Hyun Dong TI Generation of low-frequency alternative flame Behaviors in a lean premixed combustor SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CONTROL-SYSTEM; INSTABILITY; MECHANISM AB Combustion instability causes severe problems, Such as fatal damage to lean premixed gas turbine combustors and shortening the lifetime of the overall system. In this study,, to understand the instability phenomena, an experimental study and a numerical simulation were conducted in a dump combustor with respect to the modulation of the fuel flow, that is, the choked fuel flow and the unchoked fuel flow. The fluctuations of pressure and heat release were measured by a piezoelectric pressure sensor and high-speed intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera, respectively. Various combustion modes occurred in accordance with the equivalence ratio and the fuel Supply conditions. In the low-frequency instability mode, alternative flame behaviors were observed and result from the large equivalence ratio modulation. It is found that, especially in an unchoked fuel flow condition, the modulation of the fuel flow rate affects the characteristics of flame behavior and pressure fluctuations in a lean premixed flame. C1 [Hong, Jung Goo; Shin, Hyun Dong] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Oh, Kwang Chul] Korea Automot Technol Inst, Environm Parts Res & Dev Ctr, Cheonan 330912, Cheungnam, South Korea. [Do Lee, Uen] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shin, HD (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM hdshin@kaist.ac.kr RI Shin, Hyun-Dong/C-1806-2011 FU Korea Science and Technology Foundation; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Technology Foundation through the Combustion Engineering Research Center (CERC) at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, as well as by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 3016 EP 3021 DI 10.1021/ef800270x PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 350DK UT WOS:000259332600020 ER PT J AU Stevens, RW Siriwardane, RV Logan, J AF Stevens, Robert W., Jr. Siriwardane, Ranjani V. Logan, Jennifer TI In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigation of CO(2) adsorption onto zeolite materials SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYNTHETIC FAUJASITES; X ZEOLITES; SPECTROSCOPY; SORBENTS; WATER; GAS AB The adsorption of CO(2) onto five zeolite materials (13X, WEG, AGP, 4A, and 5A) was studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy at 1 atm as a function of the pretreatment temperature (120 and 350 degrees C) and adsorption temperature (30 and 120 degrees C). Adsorbed CO(2) surface species identified in the current work include physisorbed CO(2), bidentate carbonate, bridged bidentate carbonate, monodentate carbonate, and carboxylate. Both pretreatment temperature and CO(2) adsorption temperature affected the type and amount of adsorbed CO(2) species formed. Materials pretreated at 350 degrees C, as opposed to 120 degrees C, had more surface adsorption sites available as evidenced from the resulting more intense IR bands. Physisorbed CO(2) was the most abundant species observed. Bridged bidentate carbonate was found to be more stable than bidentate carbonate. Tests involving both CO(2) and H(2)O showed that the two species competed for the same adsorption sites on the zeolite surface. C1 [Stevens, Robert W., Jr.; Siriwardane, Ranjani V.; Logan, Jennifer] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Stevens, Robert W., Jr.] Parsons, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Siriwardane, RV (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov OI Stevens, Robert/0000-0002-0864-6768 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-AC26-04NT41817] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the ongoing research of the National Energy Technology Laboratory in carbon capture under the RDS contract DE-AC26-04NT41817. The authors thank Sud-Chemie and Universal Oil Products (UOP) for zeolite samples and Dr. Hanjing Tian for assistance with testing. NR 18 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 3070 EP 3079 DI 10.1021/ef800209a PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 350DK UT WOS:000259332600028 ER PT J AU Granite, EJ Preston, AA AF Granite, Evan J. Preston, Albert A. TI Comment on the "Role of SO2 for Elemental Mercury Removal from Coal Combustion Flue Gas by Activated Carbon" SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SULFUR-OXIDES; CAPTURE; IMPACT C1 [Granite, Evan J.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Preston, Albert A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Air Qual Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Granite, EJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940 M-S 58-106, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM evan.granite@netl.doe.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 3557 EP 3558 DI 10.1021/ef8005355 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 350DK UT WOS:000259332600092 ER PT J AU Mills, A Wiser, R Barbose, G Golove, W AF Mills, Andrew Wiser, Ryan Barbose, Galen Golove, William TI The impact of retail rate structures on the economics of commercial photovoltaic systems in California SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; retail rate design; net metering ID DISTRIBUTED GENERATION; ELECTRICITY; SOLAR AB This article examines the impact of retail electricity rate design on the economic value of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, focusing on commercial customers in California. Using 15-min interval building load and PV production data from a sample of 24 actual commercial PV installations, we compare the value of the bill savings across 20 commercial-customer retail electricity rates currently offered in the state. Across all combinations of customers and rates, we find that the annual bill savings from PV, per kWh generated, ranges from $0.05 to $0.24/kWh. This sizable range in rate-reduction value reflects differences in rate structures, revenue requirements, the size of the PV system relative to building load, and customer load shape. The most significant rate design issue for the value of commercial PV is found to be the percentage of total utility bills recovered through demand charges, though a variety of other factors are also found to be of importance. The value of net metering is found to be substantial, but only when energy from commercial PV systems represents a sizable portion of annual customer load. Though the analysis presented here is specific to California, our general results demonstrate the fundamental importance of retail rate design for the customer-economics of grid-connected, customer-sited PV. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mills, Andrew; Wiser, Ryan; Barbose, Galen; Golove, William] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mills, A (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM admills@lbl.gov; rhwiser@lbl.gov; glbarbose@lbl.gov; whgolove@chevron.com RI Mills, Andrew/B-3469-2016 OI Mills, Andrew/0000-0002-9065-0458 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DEK-6-66278-01]; US Department of Energy (Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Permitting, Siting and Analysis) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work described in this article was funded by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Memorandum Purchase Order no. DEK-6-66278-01, and by the US Department of Energy (Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Permitting, Siting and Analysis) under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We would particularly like to thank Robert Margolis (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) and Larry Mansueti (United States Department of Energy) for their support of this work. We also thank Tom Kimbis, Craig Cornelius and Charles Hernmeline, all of the US DOE's Solar Program. We appreciate the willingness of several firms to provide the data necessary for this project: Fat Spaniel, SPG Solar, PowerLight, and Chevron Energy Solutions. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 BP 3266 EP 3277 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.008 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 353TW UT WOS:000259592200004 ER PT J AU Barbose, G Wiser, R Phadke, A Goldman, C AF Barbose, Galen Wiser, Ryan Phadke, Amol Goldman, Charles TI Managing carbon regulatory risk in utility resource planning: Current practices in the Western United States SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE electric utilities; resource planning; greenhouse gas AB Concerns about global climate change have substantially increased the likelihood that future policy will seek to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. As such, even today, electric utilities are making resource planning and investment decisions that consider the possible implications of these future carbon regulations. In this article, we examine the manner in which utilities assess the financial risks associated with future carbon regulations within their long-term resource plans. We base our analysis on a review of the most recent resource plans filed by 15 electric utilities in the Western United States. Virtually all of these utilities made some effort to quantitatively evaluate the potential cost of future carbon regulations when analyzing alternate supply- and demand-side resource options for meeting customer load. Even without federal climate regulation in the US, the prospect of that regulation is already having an impact on utility decision-making and resource choices. That said, the methods and assumptions used by utilities to analyze carbon regulatory risk, and the impact of that analysis on their choice of a particular resource strategy, vary considerably, revealing a number of opportunities for analytic improvement. Though our review focuses on a subset of US electric utilities, this work holds implications for all electric utilities and energy policymakers who are seeking to minimize the compliance costs associated with future carbon regulations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barbose, Galen; Wiser, Ryan; Phadke, Amol; Goldman, Charles] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barbose, G (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM glbarbose@lbl.gov; rhwiser@lbl.gov; aaphadke@lbl.gov; cagoldman@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work described in this report was funded by the Permitting, Siting and Analysis Division of the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The study was conducted in response to a request by the Western Interstate Energy Board (an arm of the Western Governors Association). The authors would like to thank Larry Mansueti (DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability) and Doug Larson (Western interstate Energy Board) for their support of this project. For their review and helpful comments on a draft of this report, the authors would also like to thank Mark Bolinger (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Phil Carver (Oregon Department of Energy), David Clement (Seattle City Light), Joe Eto (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Sy Goldstone (California Energy Commission), Corinne Grande (Seattle City Light), Lucy Johnston (Synapse Energy Economics), Clint Kalich (Avista), Brian Lanspery (Idaho Public Utilities Commission), Ron Lehr (independent consultant), Lainie Motamedi (California Public Utilities Commission), Philip Poppoff (Puget Sound Energy), David Schlissel (Synapse Energy Economics), Lisa Schwartz (Oregon Public Utilities Commission), Rich Sedano (Regulatory Assistance Project), and Garrett Voerman (Seattle City Light). Any remaining errors or ornissions remain our own. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 BP 3300 EP 3311 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.04.023 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 353TW UT WOS:000259592200007 ER PT J AU McNeil, MA Iyer, M Meyers, S Letschert, VE McMahon, JE AF McNeil, Michael A. Iyer, Maithili Meyers, Stephen Letschert, Virginie E. McMahon, James E. TI Potential benefits from improved energy efficiency of key electrical products: The case of India SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE India; appliances; efficiency AB The economy of the world's second most populous country continues to grow rapidly, bringing prosperity to a growing middle class while further straining an energy infrastructure already stretched beyond capacity. At the same time, efficiency policy initiatives have gained a foothold in India, and promise to grow in number over the coming years. This paper considers the maximum cost-effective potential of efficiency improvement for key energy-consuming products in the Indian context. The products considered are: household refrigerators, window air conditioners, motors and distribution transformers. Together, these products account for about 27% of delivered electricity consumption in India. The analysis estimates the minimum Life-Cycle Cost option for each product class, according to use patterns and prevailing customer marginal rates in each sector. This option represents an efficiency improvement ranging between 12% and 60%, depending on product class. If this level of efficiency was achieved starting in 2010, we estimate that total electricity consumption in India could be reduced by 4.7% by 2020, saving over 74 million tons of oil equivalent and over 246 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Net present financial savings of this efficiency improvement totals 8.1 billion dollars. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McNeil, Michael A.; Iyer, Maithili; Meyers, Stephen; Letschert, Virginie E.; McMahon, James E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McNeil, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MAMcNeil@lbl.gov FU International Copper Association FX This research presented in this report was supported by the International Copper Association through the US Department of Energy. The authors benefited greatly from discussion, review and data sources generously provided by colleagues with wide knowledge in the field of energy efficiency, but particularly with experience in the Indian context. Mr. S. Ramaswamy of BEE was very helpful in providing data regarding distribution transformer efficiency levels and cost estimates. Denise Knight of IIEC provided critical data regarding motor efficiency levels, costs and market segmentation.. Jayant Sathaye of LBNL and Amol Phadke of Energy Resources Group, UC Berkeley were very helpful in sharing results of their recent work with the state of Maharashtra. We thank Meeta Mehra of TERI for the details she provided on Indian power sector demand projects. We are also grateful to Puneet Chitkara of TERI and Mahesh Patankar of IIEC for their useful discussions. Finally, John Mollet and Mayur Karmarkar of the International Copper Association provided review and many useful comments to drafts of the report. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 BP 3467 EP 3476 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.020 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 353TW UT WOS:000259592200024 ER PT J AU Denholm, P Margolis, RM AF Denholm, Paul Margolis, Robert M. TI Land-use requirements and the per-capita solar footprint for photovoltaic generation in the United States SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE solar photovoltaics; land use; ecological footprint ID ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEMS; ENERGY-STORAGE; LIMITS; PV AB In this report, we estimate the state-by-state per-capita "solar electric footprint" for the United States, defined as the land area required to supply all end-use electricity from solar photovoltaics (PV). We find that the overall average solar electric footprint is about 181 m(2) per person in a base case scenario, with a state- and scenario-dependant range from about 50 to over 450 m(2) per person. Two key factors that influence the magnitude of the state-level solar electric footprint include how industrial energy is allocated (based on location of use vs. where goods are consumed) and the assumed distribution of PV configurations (flat rooftop vs. fixed tilt vs. tracking). We also compare the solar electric footprint to a number of other land uses. For example, we find that the base case solar electric footprint is equal to less than 2% of the land dedicated to cropland and grazing in the United States, and less than the current amount of land used for corn ethanol production. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Denholm, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Margolis, Robert M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Denholm, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Paul_denholm@nrel.gov; robert_margolis@nrel.gov NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 9 BP 3531 EP 3543 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.035 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 353TW UT WOS:000259592200032 ER PT J AU Qian, XD Dodds, RH Yin, SJ Bass, R AF Qian, Xudong Dodds, Robert H., Jr. Yin, Shengjun Bass, Richard TI Cleavage fracture modeling of pressure vessels under transient thermo-mechanical loading SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE cleavage fracture; Weibull stress; reactor pressure vessels (RPVs); thermal-mechanical transient; modified boundary layer model; middle tension (M(T)) specimen; crack front constraint ID WEIBULL STRESS PARAMETERS; DESIGNED TEST SPECIMENS; TOUGHNESS DATASET; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; LOCAL APPROACH; PART I; CONSTRAINT; STEEL; TEMPERATURE; PIPELINES AB The next generation of fracture assessment procedures for nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) will combine non-linear analyses of crack front response with stochastic treatments of crack size, shape, orientation, location, material properties and thermal -pressure transients. The projected computational demands needed to support stochastic approaches with detailed 3-D, non-linear stress analyses of vessels containing defects appear well beyond current and near-term capabilities. In the interim, 2-D models become appealing to approximate certain classes of critical flaws in RPVs, and have computational demands within reach for stochastic frameworks. The present work focuses on the capability of 2-D models to provide values for the Weibull stress fracture parameter with accuracy comparable to those from very detailed 3-D models. Weibull stress approaches provide one route to connect non-linear vessel response with fracture toughness values measured using small laboratory specimens. The embedded axial flaw located in the RPV wall near the cladding-vessel interface emerges from current: linear-elastic, stochastic investigations as a critical contributor to the conditional probability of initiation. Three different types of 2-D models reflecting this configuration are subjected to a thermal-pressure transient characteristic of a critical pressurized thermal shock event. The plane-strain, 2-D models include: the modified boundary layer (MBL) model, the middle tension (M(T)) model, and the 2-D RPV model. The 2-D MBL model provides a high quality estimate for the Weibull stress but only in crack front regions with a positive T-stress. For crack front locations with low constraint (T-stress < 0), the M(T) specimen provides very accurate Weibull stress values but only for pressure load acting alone on the RPV. For RPVs under a combined thermal-pressure transient, Weibull stresses Computed from the 2-D RPV model demonstrate close agreement with those computed from the corresponding crack front locations in the 3-D RPV model having large negative T-stresses. Applications of this family of 2-D models provide Weibull stress values in excellent agreement with very detailed 3-D models while retaining practical levels of computational effort. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dodds, Robert H., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Qian, Xudong] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Yin, Shengjun; Bass, Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dodds, RH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rdodds@uiuc.edu RI Qian, Xudong/A-4535-2012 OI Qian, Xudong/0000-0002-6183-256X NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 75 IS 14 BP 4167 EP 4189 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.03.011 PG 23 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 322BN UT WOS:000257350300011 ER PT J AU Owen, SJ AF Owen, Steven J. TI Preface to engineering with computers special edition on trends in unstructured mesh generation SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Owen, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjowen@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s00366-008-0093-2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 319ZN UT WOS:000257203600001 ER PT J AU Staten, ML Benzley, S Scott, M AF Staten, Matthew L. Benzley, Steven Scott, Michael TI A methodology for quadrilateral finite element mesh coarsening SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Trends in Unstructured Mesh Generation CY JUL 16-22, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA DE adaptivity; quadrilateral; coarsening; refinement; finite elements ID CONNECTIVITY-BASED METHOD; HEXAHEDRAL MESHES; REFINEMENT; GENERATION AB High fidelity finite element modeling of continuum mechanics problems often requires using all quadrilateral or all hexahedral meshes. The efficiency of such models is often dependent upon the ability to adapt a mesh to the physics of the phenomena. Adapting a mesh requires the ability to both refine and/or coarsen the mesh. The algorithms available to refine and coarsen triangular and tetrahedral meshes are very robust and efficient. However, the ability to locally and conformally refine or coarsen all quadrilateral and all hexahedral meshes presents many difficulties. Some research has been done on localized conformal refinement of quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes. However, little work has been done on localized conformal coarsening of quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes. A general method which provides both localized conformal coarsening and refinement for quadrilateral meshes is presented in this paper. This method is based on restructuring the mesh with simplex manipulations to the dual of the mesh. In addition, this method appears to be extensible to hexahedral meshes in three dimensions. C1 [Staten, Matthew L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Benzley, Steven] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Scott, Michael] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci ICES, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Staten, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0376, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mlstate@sandia.gov; seb@byu.edu; mscott@ices.utexas.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s00366-008-0097-y PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 319ZN UT WOS:000257203600005 ER PT J AU Hathaway, JE Schaalje, GB Gilbert, RO Pulsipher, BA Matzke, BD AF Hathaway, John E. Schaalje, G. Bruce Gilbert, Richard O. Pulsipher, Brent A. Matzke, Brett D. TI Determining the optimum number of increments in composite sampling SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE blending; mixing; multi-increment; sample Size AB Composite sampling can be more cost effective than simple random sampling. This paper considers how to determine the optimum number of increments to use in composite sampling. Composite sampling terminology and theory are outlined and a method is developed which accounts for different sources of variation in compositing and data analysis. This method is used to define and understand the process of determining the optimum number of increments that should be used in forming a composite. The blending variance is shown to have a smaller range of possible values than previously reported when estimating the number of increments in a composite sample. Accounting for differing levels of the blending variance significantly affects the estimated number of increments. C1 [Hathaway, John E.; Gilbert, Richard O.; Pulsipher, Brent A.; Matzke, Brett D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schaalje, G. Bruce] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Hathaway, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.hathaway@pnl.gov OI Hathaway, John/0000-0002-1574-0832 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 313 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s10651-007-0089-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 334TI UT WOS:000258243700005 ER PT J AU Ho, CK AF Ho, Clifford K. TI Analytical risk-based model of gaseous and liquid-phase radon transport in landfills with radium sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE radon; landfill; multiphase; transport; radium; probabilistic modeling; performance assessment ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SOIL; DIFFUSION AB An analytical model of gaseous and liquid-phase radon transport through soils is derived for environmental modeling of landfills containing uranium mill tailings or Ra-226 sources. Processes include radon diffusion in both the gas and liquid phases, advection of soluble radon in percolating water, radioactive decay, equilibrium partitioning between gas and liquid phases, and emanation from different source terms. A probabilistic framework for the radon-transport model is introduced that provides uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for risk-based assessments. Uncertainty analyses are used to compare simulated performance metrics (e.g., radon surface flux) against regulatory standards. Sensitivity analyses are used to identify key parameters and processes that impact the variability of the simulated results. The models and analyses are illustrated with a probabilistic performance assessment of the Mixed Waste Landfill at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1163 EP 1170 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.01.002 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 318MB UT WOS:000257094800005 ER PT J AU Moreels, D Crosson, G Garafola, C Monteleone, D Taghavi, S Fitts, JP van der Lelie, D AF Moreels, David Crosson, Garry Garafola, Craig Monteleone, Denise Taghavi, Safiyh Fitts, Jeffrey P. van der Lelie, Daniel TI Microbial community dynamics in uranium contaminated subsurface sediments under biostimulated conditions with high nitrate and nickel pressure SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; biostimulation; microbial ecology; nickel resistance; nitrate reduction; subsurface microbiology; uranium reduction ID REDUCING CONDITIONS; HEAVY-METALS; REDUCTION; BACTERIA; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOREMEDIATION; RESISTANCE; AQUIFER; SOIL; REOXIDATION AB Background, aim, and scope The subsurface at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center represents an extreme and diverse geochemical environment that places different stresses on the endogenous microbial communities, including low pH, elevated nitrate concentrations, and the occurrence of heavy metals and radionuclides, including hexavalent uranium [U(VI)]. The in situ immobilization of U(VI) in the aquifer can be achieved through microbial reduction to relatively insoluble U(IV). However, a high redox potential due to the presence of nitrate and the toxicity of heavy metals will impede this process. Our aim is to test biostimulation of the endogenous microbial communities to improve nitrate reduction and subsequent U(VI) reduction under conditions of elevated heavy metals. Materials and methods Column experiments were used to test the possibility of using biostimulation via the addition of ethanol as a carbon source to improve nitrate reduction in the presence of elevated aqueous nickel. We subsequently analyzed the composition of the microbial communities that became established and their potential for U(VI) reduction and its in situ immobilization. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the microbial population changed from heavy metal sensitive members of the actinobacteria, alpha- and gamma-proteobacteria to a community dominated by heavy metal resistant (nickel, cadmium, zinc, and cobalt resistant), nitrate reducing beta- and gamma-proteobacteria, and sulfate reducing Clostridiaceae. Coincidentally, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses indicated that the resulting redox conditions favored U(VI) reduction transformation to insoluble U(IV) species associated with soil minerals and biomass. Discussion This study shows that the necessary genetic information to adapt to the implemented nickel stress resides in the endogenous microbial population present at the Oak Ridge FRC site, which changed from a community generally found under oligotrophic conditions to a community able to withstand the stress imposed by heavy metals, while efficiently reducing nitrate as electron donor. Once nitrate was reduced efficient reduction and in situ immobilization of uranium was observed. Conclusions This study provides evidence that stimulating the metabolism of the endogenous bacterial population at the Oak Ridge FRC site by adding ethanol, a suitable carbon source, results in efficient nitrate reduction under conditions of elevated nickel, and a decrease of the redox potential such that sulfate and iron reducing bacteria are able to thrive and create conditions favorable for the reduction and in situ immobilization of uranium. Since we have found that the remediation potential resides within the endogenous microbial community, we believe it will be feasible to conduct field tests. Recommendations and perspectives Biostimulation of endogenous bacteria provides an efficient tool for the successful in situ remediation of mixed-waste sites, particularly those co-contaminated with heavy metals, nitrate and radionuclides, as found in the United States and other countries as environmental legacies of the nuclear age. C1 [Moreels, David; Garafola, Craig; Monteleone, Denise; Taghavi, Safiyh; van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crosson, Garry; Fitts, Jeffrey P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vdlelied@bnl.gov RI Fitts, Jeffrey/J-3633-2012 FU US Department of Energy; Basic Energy Science Program; Biological and Environmental Research Program [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was supported by a grant from the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Science Program, and the US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research Program under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. We would like to thank Michael Blewitt for his help in sequencing the clone libraries and David Watson for providing us with soil cores from the Oak Ridge FRC site. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1007/s11356-008-0034-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 344AZ UT WOS:000258898900008 PM 18712423 ER PT J AU Montgomery-Brown, J Li, YM Ding, WH Mong, GM Campbell, JA Reinhard, M AF Montgomery-Brown, John Li, Yongmei Ding, Wang-Hsien Mong, Gary M. Campbell, James A. Reinhard, Martin TI NP1EC degradation pathways under oxic and microxic conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLITES; CONTAMINANTS; BEHAVIOR; BIODEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; CHEMICALS AB The degradation pathway of nonylphenol ethoxyacetic acid (NP1EC) and the conditions favoring dicarboxylated alklyphenol ethoxyacetic acid (CA(0)P(1)EC; where n = the number of aliphatic carbon atoms) formation were studied in oxic microcosms constructed with organic carbon-poor soil from the Mesa soil aquifer treatment (SAT) facility (Arizona) and pristine organic carbon-rich sediments from Coyote Creek (California). Results suggest that the availability of dissolved oxygen determines the dominant biodegradation pathway; ether cleavage and the formation of NP is favored by oxic conditions, while alkyl chain oxidation and the formation of CAP(1)ECs is favored under microxic conditions. In the Mesa microcosms, para-NP1EC was transformed to para-nonyl phenol (NP) before being rapidly transformed to nonyl alcohols via ipso-hydroxylation. In the Coyote Creek microcosms, large quantities of CAP(1)ECs were observed. Initially, CA(8)P(1)ECs were the dominant metabolites, but as biodegradation continued, CA(6)P(1)ECs became the dominant metabolites. Compared to the CA(8)P(1)ECs, the number of CA(6)P(1)ECs peaks observed was small (< 6) even though their concentrations were high. Several novel metabolites, tentatively identified as 3-alkylchroman-4-carboxylic acids (with alkyl groups ranging from C-2 to C-5), were formed in the Coyote Creek microcosms. These metabolites are presumably formed from ortho-CAPIECs by intramolecular ring closure. C1 [Montgomery-Brown, John; Li, Yongmei; Reinhard, Martin] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Li, Yongmei] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Ding, Wang-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Mong, Gary M.; Campbell, James A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Reinhard, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Yang Yamazaki Environm Energy Bldg,473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM reinhard@stanford.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6409 EP 6414 DI 10.1021/es702561t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300020 PM 18800508 ER PT J AU Hopp, L Nico, PS Marcus, MA Peiffer, S AF Hopp, Luisa Nico, Peter S. Marcus, Matthew A. Peiffer, Stefan TI Arsenic and chromium partitioning in a podzolic soil contaminated by chromated copper arsenate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CCA-TREATED WOOD; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; PRESERVING SITE; GROUND-WATER; B HORIZONS; ALUMINUM; SPECIATION; REDUCTION; PRESERVATIVES; FERRIHYDRITE AB This research combined the use of selective extractions and X-ray spectroscopy to examine the fate of As and Cr in a podzolic soil contaminated by chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Iron was enriched in the upper 30 cm due to a previous one-time treatment of the soil with Fe(II). High oxalate-soluble Al concentrations in the Bs horizon of the soil and micro-XRD data indicated the presence of short-range ordered aluminosili-cates (i.e., proto-imogolite allophane, PIA). In the surface layers, Cr, as Cr(III), was partitioned between a mixed Fe(III)/Cr(III) solid phase that formed upon the Fe(II) application (25-50%) and a recalcitrant phase (50-75%) likely consisting of organic material such as residual CCA-treated wood. Deeper in the profile Cr appeared to be largely in the form of extractable (hydr)oxides. Throughout the soil, As was present as As(V). In the surface layers a considerable fraction of As was also associated with a recalcitrant phase, probably CCA-treated woody debris, and the remainder was associated with (hydr)oxide-like solid phases. In the Bs horizon, however, XAS and XRF findings strongly pointed to the presence of PIA acting as an effective adsorbent for As. This research shows for the first time the relevance of PIA for the adsorption of As in natural soils. C1 [Nico, Peter S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marcus, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hopp, Luisa; Peiffer, Stefan] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Hydrol, BayCEER, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Hopp, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM luisa.hopp@oregonstate.edu RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010; peiffer, stefan/C-3759-2012 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397; peiffer, stefan/0000-0002-8326-0240 FU Bavarian State Department of Environment [55-8740.1-2000/BT]; Office of Basic Energy Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation-Earth Science [EAR-0622171]; Department of Energy-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Environmental Remediation Sciences Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was funded by the Bavarian State Department of Environment (contract no. 55-8740.1-2000/BT). The ALS and APS are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC02-06CH11357, respectively. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation-Earth Science (EAR-0622171), Department of Energy-Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466) and the State of Illinois. Partial support was provided by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are grateful to Dr. Tiziana Boffa-Ballaran, Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), University of Bayreuth, Germany, for conducting bulk XRD measurements. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6481 EP 6486 DI 10.1021/es800615f PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300030 PM 18800518 ER PT J AU Johnson, KS Laskin, A Jimenez, JL Shutthanandan, V Molina, LT Salcedo, D Dzepina, K Molina, MJ AF Johnson, K. S. Laskin, A. Jimenez, J. L. Shutthanandan, V. Molina, L. T. Salcedo, D. Dzepina, K. Molina, M. J. TI Comparative analysis of urban atmospheric aerosol by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), proton elastic scattering analysis (PESA), and aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OXYGENATED ORGANIC AEROSOLS; MEXICO-CITY; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; SAMPLING ARTIFACT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TECHNICAL NOTE; FIELD; SIZE; TIME AB A multifaceted approach to atmospheric aerosol analysis is often desirable infield studies where an understanding of technical comparability among different measurement techniques is essential. Herein, we report quantitative intercomparisons of particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and proton elastic scattering analysis (PESA), performed offline under a vacuum, with analysis by aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) carried out in real-time during the MCMA-2003 Field Campaign in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Good agreement was observed for mass concentrations of PIXE-measured sulfur (assuming it was dominated by SO(4)(2-)) and AMS-measured sulfate during most of the campaign. PESA-measured hydrogen mass was separated into sulfate H and organic H mass fractions, assuming the only major contributions were (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and organic compounds. Comparison of the organic H mass with AMS organic aerosol measurements indicates that about 75% of the mass of these species evaporated under a vacuum. However similar to 25% of the organics does remain under a vacuum, which is only possible with low-vapor-pressure compounds, and which supports the presence of high-molecular-weight or highly oxidized organics consistent with atmospheric aging. Approximately 10% of the chloride detected by AMS was measured by PIXE, possibly in the form of metal-chloride complexes, while the majority of Cl was likely present as more volatile species including NH(4)Cl. This is the first comparison of PIXE/PESA and AMS and, to our knowledge, also the first report of PESA hydrogen measurements for urban organic aerosols. C1 [Johnson, K. S.; Molina, L. T.; Molina, M. J.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Laskin, A.; Shutthanandan, V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, MSIN K8 88, Richland, WA 99351 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Dzepina, K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Dzepina, K.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molina, L. T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Johnson, K. S.] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. RP Johnson, KS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kirstenj@alum.mit.edu RI Salcedo, Dara/B-7338-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Dzepina, Katja/A-1372-2014; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Salcedo, Dara/0000-0002-6923-111X; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 FU Mexican Metropolitan Environmental Commission; National Science Foundation [ATM-0528227, ATM-0449815, ATM-0528634]; Department of Energy [Award DE-FG02-05ER63980]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63981]; U.S. EPA STAR [RD-83216101-0]; ASP/OBER DOE; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL0] FX We are grateful to Rafael Ramos (RAMA) and CENICA personnel (especially Felipe Angeles and Salvador Blanco) for their help during the campaign. The MIT-MCE2-UCSD group acknowledges support from the Mexican Metropolitan Environmental Commission, National Science Foundation (ATM-0528227), and Department of Energy (Award DE-FG02-05ER63980). The CU group acknowledges support from NSF (ATM-0449815 and ATM-0528634) and the Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Biological and Environmental Research) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER63981) and the U.S. EPA STAR (RD-83216101-0). The PNNL group acknowledges support from ASP/OBER DOE. PIXE and PESA analyses were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by OBER/DOE and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RL0. This paper has not been reviewed by either agency, and thus no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6619 EP 6624 DI 10.1021/es800393e PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300051 PM 18800539 ER PT J AU Sibirtsev, A Hammer, HW Meissner, UG AF Sibirtsev, A. Hammer, H. -W. Meissner, U. -G. TI A-dependence of phi-meson production in p+A collisions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SCATTERING AMPLITUDES; QCD SUM-RULES; CROSS-SECTIONS; NUCLEON-SCATTERING; VECTOR-MESONS; SIGMA-MESON; LOW-ENERGY; PI-N; PHOTOPRODUCTION; OMEGA AB A systematic analysis of the A-dependence of phi-meson production in proton-nucleus collisions is presented. We apply different formalisms for the evaluation of the phi-meson distortion in nuclei and discuss the theoretical uncertainties of the data analysis. The corresponding results are compared to theoretical predictions. We also discuss the interpretation of the extracted results with respect to different observables and provide relations between frequently used definitions. The perspectives of future experiments are evaluated and estimates based on our systematical study are given. C1 [Sibirtsev, A.; Hammer, H. -W.; Meissner, U. -G.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys Theorie, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Sibirtsev, A.; Hammer, H. -W.; Meissner, U. -G.] Univ Bonn, Bethe Ctr Theoret Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Sibirtsev, A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, EBAC, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Meissner, U. -G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys Theorie, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Meissner, U. -G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Hadron Phys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Sibirtsev, A (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys Theorie, Nussallee 11, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM a.sibirtsev@fz-juelich.de FU Helmholtz Association [VH-VI-231]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB/TR 16, DFG 436 RUS 113/924/0-1]; EU [RII3-CT-2004-506078]; JLab [SURA-06-C0452]; COSY FFE [41760632] FX We thank M. Hartmann, F. Huang, Yu. Kiselev, U. Mosel, E. Oset, E. Paryev, J. Tjon and K. Tsushima for discussions. This work was partially supported by the Helmholtz Association (Virtual institute "Spin and strong QCD", VH-VI-231) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through funds provided to the SFB/TR 16 "Subnuclear Structure of Matter" and grant DFG 436 RUS 113/924/0-1. This research is part of the EU Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadron Physics Project under contract number RII3-CT-2004-506078. A. S. acknowledges support from the JLab grant SURA-06-C0452 and the COSY FFE grant No. 41760632 (COSY-085). NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1140/epja/i2008-10649-7 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 353PN UT WOS:000259580200004 ER PT J AU Raidal, M van der Schaaf, A Bigi, I Mangano, ML Semertzidis, Y Abel, S Albino, S Antusch, S Arganda, E Bajc, B Banerjee, S Biggio, C Blanke, M Bonivento, W Branco, GC Bryman, D Buras, AJ Calibbi, L Ceccucci, A Chankowski, PH Davidson, S Deandrea, A DeMille, DP Deppisch, F Diaz, MA Duling, B Felcini, M Fetscher, W Forti, F Ghosh, DK Giffels, M Giorgi, MA Giudice, G Goudzovskij, E Han, T Harris, PG Herrero, MJ Hisano, J Holt, RJ Huitu, K Ibarra, A Igonkina, O Ilakovac, A Imazato, J Isidori, G Joaquim, FR Kadastik, M Kajiyama, Y King, SF Kirch, K Kozlov, MG Krawczyk, M Kress, T Lebedev, O Lusiani, A Ma, E Marchiori, G Masiero, A Masina, I Moreau, G Mori, T Muntel, M Neri, N Nesti, F Onderwater, CJG Paradisi, P Petcov, ST Picariello, M Porretti, V Poschenrieder, A Pospelov, M Rebane, L Rebelo, MN Ritz, A Roberts, L Romanino, A Roney, JM Rossi, A Ruckl, R Senjanovic, G Serra, N Shindou, T Takanishi, Y Tarantino, C Teixeira, AM Torrente-Lujan, E Turzynski, KJ Underwood, TEJ Vempati, SK Vives, O AF Raidal, M. van der Schaaf, A. Bigi, I. Mangano, M. L. Semertzidis, Y. Abel, S. Albino, S. Antusch, S. Arganda, E. Bajc, B. Banerjee, S. Biggio, C. Blanke, M. Bonivento, W. Branco, G. C. Bryman, D. Buras, A. J. Calibbi, L. Ceccucci, A. Chankowski, P. H. Davidson, S. Deandrea, A. DeMille, D. P. Deppisch, F. Diaz, M. A. Duling, B. Felcini, M. Fetscher, W. Forti, F. Ghosh, D. K. Giffels, M. Giorgi, M. A. Giudice, G. Goudzovskij, E. Han, T. Harris, P. G. Herrero, M. J. Hisano, J. Holt, R. J. Huitu, K. Ibarra, A. Igonkina, O. Ilakovac, A. Imazato, J. Isidori, G. Joaquim, F. R. Kadastik, M. Kajiyama, Y. King, S. F. Kirch, K. Kozlov, M. G. Krawczyk, M. Kress, T. Lebedev, O. Lusiani, A. Ma, E. Marchiori, G. Masiero, A. Masina, I. Moreau, G. Mori, T. Muntel, M. Neri, N. Nesti, F. Onderwater, C. J. G. Paradisi, P. Petcov, S. T. Picariello, M. Porretti, V. Poschenrieder, A. Pospelov, M. Rebane, L. Rebelo, M. N. Ritz, A. Roberts, L. Romanino, A. Roney, J. M. Rossi, A. Rueckl, R. Senjanovic, G. Serra, N. Shindou, T. Takanishi, Y. Tarantino, C. Teixeira, A. M. Torrente-Lujan, E. Turzynski, K. J. Underwood, T. E. J. Vempati, S. K. Vives, O. TI Flavor physics of leptons and dipole moments SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID NEUTRINO MASS MATRIX; R-PARITY VIOLATION; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; RIGHT-HANDED NEUTRINO; SPONTANEOUS CP NONCONSERVATION; ELECTROWEAK PHASE-TRANSITION; LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; SU(3) FAMILY SYMMETRY; MU-E CONVERSION AB This chapter of the report of the "Flavor in the era of the LHC" Workshop discusses the theoretical, phenomenological and experimental issues related to flavor phenomena in the charged lepton sector and in flavor conserving CP-violating processes. We review the current experimental limits and the main theoretical models for the flavor structure of fundamental particles. We analyze the phenomenological consequences of the available data, setting constraints on explicit models beyond the standard model, presenting benchmarks for the discovery potential of forthcoming measurements both at the LHC and at low energy, and exploring options for possible future experiments. C1 [Raidal, M.; Kadastik, M.; Kajiyama, Y.; Muntel, M.; Rebane, L.] NICPB, EE-10143 Tallinn, Estonia. [van der Schaaf, A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bigi, I.] Univ Notre Dame Lac, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mangano, M. L.; Branco, G. C.; Ceccucci, A.; Felcini, M.; Giudice, G.; Krawczyk, M.; Lebedev, O.; Masina, I.; Rebelo, M. N.] CERN, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Semertzidis, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Abel, S.; Underwood, T. E. J.] Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Albino, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Antusch, S.; Biggio, C.; Blanke, M.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Arganda, E.; Herrero, M. J.; Joaquim, F. R.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Arganda, E.; Herrero, M. J.; Joaquim, F. R.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, IFT CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Bajc, B.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Banerjee, S.; Roney, J. M.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Blanke, M.; Buras, A. J.; Duling, B.; Poschenrieder, A.; Tarantino, C.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bonivento, W.; Serra, N.] Univ Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. [Bonivento, W.; Serra, N.] INFN Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. [Branco, G. C.; Rebelo, M. N.] Inst Super Tecn, Dept Fis, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Branco, G. C.; Rebelo, M. N.] Inst Super Tecn, CFTP, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bryman, D.] Univ British Columbia, TRIUMF, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Calibbi, L.; Petcov, S. T.; Romanino, A.; Takanishi, Y.] Sez Trieste, SISSA, I-34013 Trieste, Italy. [Calibbi, L.; Petcov, S. T.; Romanino, A.; Takanishi, Y.] Sez Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34013 Trieste, Italy. [Calibbi, L.; Porretti, V.; Vives, O.] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, CSIC, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Calibbi, L.; Masiero, A.; Rossi, A.] Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Calibbi, L.; Masiero, A.; Rossi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Chankowski, P. H.; Krawczyk, M.; Turzynski, K. J.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Davidson, S.; Deandrea, A.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [DeMille, D. P.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Deppisch, F.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Diaz, M. A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Fetscher, W.] ETH Honggerberg, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Neri, N.] Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Neri, N.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ghosh, D. K.] Phys Res Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Giffels, M.; Kress, T.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Goudzovskij, E.; Isidori, G.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Han, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Harris, P. G.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Hisano, J.] Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Tokyo, Japan. [Holt, R. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Huitu, K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Huitu, K.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Ibarra, A.; Shindou, T.] DESY, Theory Grp, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Igonkina, O.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Igonkina, O.] NIKHEF H, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ilakovac, A.] Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. [Imazato, J.] KEK, IPNS, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Isidori, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [King, S. F.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Kirch, K.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Ma, E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Moreau, G.; Teixeira, A. M.] Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, UMR 8627, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Mori, T.] Univ Tokyo, ICEPP, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Nesti, F.] Univ Aquila, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Nesti, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LNGS, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Onderwater, C. J. G.] Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. [Paradisi, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Paradisi, P.] Sez Roma II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Petcov, S. T.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Picariello, M.] Univ Salento, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Picariello, M.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Pospelov, M.; Ritz, A.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Roberts, L.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rueckl, R.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Senjanovic, G.] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Torrente-Lujan, E.] Univ Murcia, Dept Phys, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Turzynski, K. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vempati, S. K.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr High Energy Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Raidal, M (reprint author), NICPB, EE-10143 Tallinn, Estonia. EM michelangelo.mangano@cern.ch RI Kirch, Klaus/A-4601-2010; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Vives Garcia, Oscar/K-5074-2014; torrente-lujan, emilio/B-9634-2012; Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Romanino, Andrea/I-3480-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Harris, Philip/I-7419-2012; Raidal, Martti/F-4436-2012; Kadastik, Mario/B-7559-2008; Joaquim, Filipe /H-2089-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Krawczyk, Maria/B-3184-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; OI Vives Garcia, Oscar/0000-0002-7213-584X; torrente-lujan, emilio/0000-0003-0839-6284; Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Romanino, Andrea/0000-0002-5915-4747; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Harris, Philip/0000-0003-4369-3874; Joaquim, Filipe /0000-0002-6711-4606; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Huitu, Katri/0000-0002-7754-9320; Rebelo, Margarida Nesbitt/0000-0002-8744-5146; Branco, Gustavo C./0000-0001-5974-7043 FU Marie Curie research training network [MRTN-CT-2006-035505] FX The authors of this report are grateful to all the additional workshop participants who contributed with their presentations during the Working Group meetings: A. Baldini, W. Bertl, G. Colangelo, F. Farley, L. Fiorini, G. Gabrielse, J.R. Guest, A. Hoecker, J. Hosek, P. Iaydijev, Y. Kuno, S. Lavignac, D. Leone, A. Luccio, J. Miller, W. Morse, H. Nishiguchi, Y. Orlov, E. Paoloni, A. Pilaftsis, W. Porod, N. Ramsey, S. Redin, W. Rodejohann, M.-A. Sanchis-Lozano, N. Shafer-Ray, A. Soni, A. Strumia, G. Venanzoni, T. Yamashita, Z. Was, H. Wilschut.; This work was supported in part by the Marie Curie research training network "HEPTOOLS" (MRTN-CT-2006-035505). NR 1097 TC 213 Z9 213 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 182 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0715-2 PG 170 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 376KO UT WOS:000261182700002 ER PT J AU Lari, T Pape, L Porod, W Aguilar-Saavedra, JA Allanach, BC Burdman, G Castro, N Klasen, M Krasnikov, N Krauss, F Moortgat, F Polesello, G Tricomi, A Unel, G del Aguila, F Alwall, J Andreev, Y Sierra, DA Bartl, A Beccaria, M Bejar, S Benucci, L Bityukov, S Borjanovic, I Bozzi, G Carvalho, J Clerbaux, B de Campos, F de Gouvea, A Dennis, C Djouadi, A Eboli, OJP Ellwanger, U Fassouliotis, D Ferreira, PM Frederix, R Fuks, B Gerard, JM Giammanco, A Gninenko, S Gopalakrishna, S Goto, T Grzadkowski, B Guasch, J Hahn, T Heinemeyer, S Hektor, A Herquet, M Herrmann, B Hidaka, K Hirsch, MK Hohenwarter-Sodek, K Hollik, W Hou, GWS Hurth, T Ibarra, A Illana, J Kadastik, M Kalinin, S Karafasoulis, C Unel, MK Kernreiter, T Kirsanov, MM Kou, E Kourkoumelis, C Kraml, S Kyriakis, A Lemaitre, V Macorini, G Magro, MB Majerotto, W Maltoni, F Matveev, V Mehdiyev, R Misiak, M Moreau, G Muhlleitner, M Muntel, M Onofre, A Ozcan, E Palla, F Panizzi, L Penaranda, S Pittau, R Pukhov, A Raidal, M Raklev, AR Rebane, L Renard, FM Restrepo, D Roupas, Z Santos, R Schumann, S Servant, G Siegert, F Skands, P Slavich, P Sola, J Spira, M Sultansoy, S Toropin, A Tseng, J Valle, JWF Veloso, F Ventura, A Vermisoglou, G Verzegnassi, C del Moral, AV Weiglein, G Yilmaz, M AF Lari, T. Pape, L. Porod, W. Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. Allanach, B. C. Burdman, G. Castro, N. Klasen, M. Krasnikov, N. Krauss, F. Moortgat, F. Polesello, G. Tricomi, A. Uenel, G. del Aguila, F. Alwall, J. Andreev, Y. Sierra, D. Aristizabal Bartl, A. Beccaria, M. Bejar, S. Benucci, L. Bityukov, S. Borjanovic, I. Bozzi, G. Carvalho, J. Clerbaux, B. de Campos, F. de Gouvea, A. Dennis, C. Djouadi, A. Eboli, O. J. P. Ellwanger, U. Fassouliotis, D. Ferreira, P. M. Frederix, R. Fuks, B. Gerard, J. -M. Giammanco, A. Gninenko, S. Gopalakrishna, S. Goto, T. Grzadkowski, B. Guasch, J. Hahn, T. Heinemeyer, S. Hektor, A. Herquet, M. Herrmann, B. Hidaka, K. Hirsch, M. K. Hohenwarter-Sodek, K. Hollik, W. Hou, G. W. S. Hurth, T. Ibarra, A. Illana, J. Kadastik, M. Kalinin, S. Karafasoulis, C. Uenel, M. Karagoez Kernreiter, T. Kirsanov, M. M. Kou, E. Kourkoumelis, C. Kraml, S. Kyriakis, A. Lemaitre, V. Macorini, G. Magro, M. B. Majerotto, W. Maltoni, F. Matveev, V. Mehdiyev, R. Misiak, M. Moreau, G. Muehlleitner, M. Muentel, M. Onofre, A. Oezcan, E. Palla, F. Panizzi, L. Penaranda, S. Pittau, R. Pukhov, A. Raidal, M. Raklev, A. R. Rebane, L. Renard, F. M. Restrepo, D. Roupas, Z. Santos, R. Schumann, S. Servant, G. Siegert, F. Skands, P. Slavich, P. Sola, J. Spira, M. Sultansoy, S. Toropin, A. Tseng, J. Valle, J. W. F. Veloso, F. Ventura, A. Vermisoglou, G. Verzegnassi, C. del Moral, A. Villanova Weiglein, G. Yilmaz, M. TI Collider aspects of flavor physics at high Q SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID TOP-QUARK PRODUCTION; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; LEPTON NUMBER VIOLATION; R-PARITY BREAKING; CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; DOUBLY-CHARGED HIGGS; ELECTROWEAK PRECISION OBSERVABLES; GENERAL 2-HIGGS-DOUBLET MODEL; HEAVY MAJORANA NEUTRINOS; LARGE HADRON COLLIDER AB This chapter of the "Flavor in the era of LHC" workshop report discusses flavor-related issues in the production and decays of heavy states at the LHC at high momentum transfer Q, both from the experimental and the theoretical perspective. We review top quark physics, and discuss the flavor aspects of several extensions of the standard model, such as supersymmetry, little Higgs models or models with extra dimensions. This includes discovery aspects, as well as the measurement of several properties of these heavy states. We also present publicly available computational tools related to this topic. C1 [Lari, T.] Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Lari, T.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; del Aguila, F.; Illana, J.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; del Aguila, F.; Illana, J.] Univ Granada, CAFPE, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Allanach, B. C.; Raklev, A. R.] Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, CMS, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Alwall, J.; Frederix, R.; Gerard, J. -M.; Giammanco, A.; Herquet, M.; Kalinin, S.; Kou, E.; Lemaitre, V.; Maltoni, F.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Ctr Particle Phys & Phenomenol CP3, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Krasnikov, N.; Andreev, Y.; Bityukov, S.; Gninenko, S.; Matveev, V.; Toropin, A.] RAS, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Sierra, D. Aristizabal; Hirsch, M. K.; Valle, J. W. F.; del Moral, A. Villanova] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, AHEP Grp, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Bartl, A.; Hohenwarter-Sodek, K.; Kernreiter, T.] Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Beccaria, M.; Ventura, A.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Beccaria, M.; Borjanovic, I.; Ventura, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, Lecce, Italy. [Bejar, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fis Teor Grp, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Bejar, S.; Sola, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Benucci, L.; Palla, F.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Benucci, L.; Palla, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. [Bozzi, G.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Burdman, G.; Eboli, O. J. P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Castro, N.; Carvalho, J.; Onofre, A.; Veloso, F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, LIP, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. [Clerbaux, B.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [de Campos, F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Quim & Fis, Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil. [de Gouvea, A.; Gopalakrishna, S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dennis, C.; Uenel, M. Karagoez; Tseng, J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Djouadi, A.; Ellwanger, U.; Moreau, G.] Univ Paris 11, Chim Theor Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Fassouliotis, D.; Kourkoumelis, C.; Roupas, Z.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. [Ferreira, P. M.; Santos, R.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Fis Teor & Computac, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. [Klasen, M.; Fuks, B.; Herrmann, B.; Kraml, S.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, LPSC, IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Goto, T.] KEK, IPNS, Theory Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Grzadkowski, B.; Misiak, M.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Guasch, J.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Fis Fonamental, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Hahn, T.; Hollik, W.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Heinemeyer, S.] CSIC UC, Inst Fis Cantabria IFCA, Santander 39005, Spain. [Hektor, A.; Kadastik, M.; Muentel, M.; Raidal, M.; Rebane, L.] NICPB, EE-10143 Tallinn, Estonia. [Hidaka, K.] Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1848501, Japan. [Hou, G. W. S.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hurth, T.; Kraml, S.; Misiak, M.; Muehlleitner, M.; Slavich, P.] CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hurth, T.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Ibarra, A.] DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Karafasoulis, C.; Kyriakis, A.; Vermisoglou, G.] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Phys, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. [Kirsanov, M. M.] INR, Moscow, Russia. [Krauss, F.; Weiglein, G.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Macorini, G.; Panizzi, L.; Verzegnassi, C.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Macorini, G.; Panizzi, L.; Verzegnassi, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Magro, M. B.] Ctr Univ Fundacao Santo Andre, Fac Engn, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. [Majerotto, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. [Mehdiyev, R.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Mehdiyev, R.; Sultansoy, S.] Azerbaijan Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Baku 370143, Azerbaijan. [Pape, L.; Moortgat, F.] ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Oezcan, E.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Penaranda, S.] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Fis Teor, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Pittau, R.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Pittau, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin, Italy. [Polesello, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Porod, W.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Pukhov, A.] SINP MSU, Moscow, Russia. [Renard, F. M.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, UMR 5207, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Restrepo, D.] Univ Antioquia, Inst Fis, Antioquia, Colombia. [Schumann, S.; Siegert, F.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Uenel, G.; Servant, G.] CERN, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Servant, G.] CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Skands, P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Slavich, P.] CNRS, LAPTH, UMR 5108, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Sola, J.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, HEP Grp, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Spira, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Sultansoy, S.] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Dept Phys, Ankara, Turkey. [Tricomi, A.] Univ Catania, Diparimento Fis & Astron, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Uenel, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA. [Yilmaz, M.] Gazi Univ, Dept Phys, Ankara, Turkey. RP Lari, T (reprint author), Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM porod@physik.uni-wurzburg.de RI Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Santos, Rui/F-1956-2010; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; del Aguila, Francisco/D-8747-2016; Pittau, Roberto/E-7953-2016; Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio/F-1256-2016; Illana, Jose/E-2537-2016; Guasch, Jaume/C-5040-2014; Kadastik, Mario/B-7559-2008; Restrepo, Diego/E-6977-2013; Valle, Jose W.F./F-7573-2013; Mehdiyev, Rashid/H-6299-2013; Castro, Nuno/D-5260-2011; Hirsch, Martin/K-7605-2014; Ferreira, Pedro/A-2852-2009; Physics Department, ISEL/F-6664-2010; Hektor, Andi/G-1804-2011; Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012; Eboli, Oscar/D-4544-2012; Raidal, Martti/F-4436-2012; de Campos Carvalho, Fernando/B-2304-2013; OI Ventura, Andrea/0000-0002-3368-3413; Santos, Rui/0000-0002-7948-0355; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; del Aguila, Francisco/0000-0003-2682-6890; Pittau, Roberto/0000-0003-1365-2959; Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-5475-8920; Illana, Jose/0000-0003-0622-311X; Guasch, Jaume/0000-0001-9641-5355; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; Veloso, Filipe/0000-0002-5956-4244; Restrepo, Diego/0000-0001-6455-5564; Valle, Jose W.F./0000-0002-1881-5094; Castro, Nuno/0000-0001-8491-4376; Hirsch, Martin/0000-0001-6843-804X; Ferreira, Pedro/0000-0002-9351-1074; Hektor, Andi/0000-0001-7873-8118; Eboli, Oscar/0000-0003-4107-6012; bozzi, giuseppe/0000-0002-2908-6077; Skands, Peter/0000-0003-0024-3822; Sola, Joan/0000-0002-5295-8275 FU EU [MRTN-CT2004-503369, MRTN-CT-2006-035505, HPRN-CT-2000149, HPRN-CT-2000-00152, MRTN-CT-2006-035482]; 'Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung' (FWF) of Austria [P18959-N16]; RFBR [07-02-00256]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BD/13936/2003, SFRH/BD/18762/2004]; FCT [POCI/FIS/59741/2004, SFRH/BPD/5575/2001, SFRH/BPD/23427/2005]; MEC; FEDER [2004-04582-C02-01]; DURSI [2005SGR00564, 2001SGR-00188]; European Union [MEIF-CT2003-500030]; Spanish MCYT [FPA2003-09298-C02-01]; Junta de Andaluc a [FQM-101]; CICYT [FPA2002- 00648]; APART; European Community through a Marie Curie Fellowship; MEC Ramon y Cajal; STFC; Fermi Research Alliance; LLC [DE-AC0207CH11359]; Belgian Federal Science Policy [IAP 6/11]; RFFI [N 07-02-00256]; German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [05HT6WWA] FX We thank A. Deandrea, J. D'Hondt, A. Gruzza, I. Hinchliffe, M.M. Najafabadi, S. Paktinat, M. Spiropulu and Z. Was for their presentatios in the WG1 sessions.; This work has been supported by the EU under the MRTN-CT2004- 503369 and MRTN-CT-2006-035505 network programs. A. Bartl, K. Hohenwarter-Sodek, T. Kernreiter, and W. Majerotto have been supported by the 'Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung' (FWF) of Austria, project. No. P18959-N16, K. Hidaka; has been supported by RFBR grant No. 07-02-00256. The work of N. Castro and F. Veloso has supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through the grants SFRH/BD/13936/2003 and SFRH/BD/18762/2004. The work of P. M. Fereira and R. Santos is supported by FCT under contract POCI/FIS/59741/2004. P.M. Fereira is supported by FCT under contract SFRH/BPD/5575/2001. R. Santos is supported by FCT under contract SFRH/BPD/23427/2005. J. Guasch and J. Sola have been supported in part by MEC and FEDER under project 2004-04582-C02-01 and by DURSI Generalitat de Catalunya under project 2005SGR00564. The work of S. Penaranda has been partially supported by the European Union under contract No. MEIF-CT2003-500030, and by the I3P Contract 2005 of IFIC, CSIC. J.I. Illana acknowledges the financial support by the EU (HPRN-CT-2000149), the Spanish MCYT (FPA2003-09298-C02-01) and Junta de Andaluc a (FQM-101). The work of S. Bjar has been supported by CICYT (FPA2002- 00648), by the EU (HPRN-CT-2000-00152), and by DURSI (2001SGR-00188). S. Kraml is supported by an APART (Austrian Programme of Advanced Research and Technology) grant of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. A. R. Raklev acknowledges support from the European Community through a Marie Curie Fellowship for Early Stage Researchers Training and the Norwegian Research Council. J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra acknowledges support by a MEC Ramon y Cajal contract. P. Skands has been partially supported by STFC and by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0207CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. M. Misiak acknowledges support from the EU Contract MRTN-CT-2006-035482, FLAVIAnet. A. Giammanco, E. Kou and J. Alwall have been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy (IAP 6/11). The work of Yu. Andreev, S. Bityukov, M. Kirsanov, N. Krasnikov and A. Toropin has been supported by RFFI Grant N 07-02-00256. W. Porod has partially been supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under contract 05HT6WWA.; The material in Sect. 3.6 has been presented by I. Borjanovic for the ATLAS collaboration. J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, J. Carvalho, N. Castro, A. Onofre, F. Veloso, T. Lari and G. Polesello thank members of the ATLAS collaboration for helpful discussions. They have made use of ATLAS physics analysis and simulation tools which are the result of collaboration-wide efforts. NR 582 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 307 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0713-4 PG 125 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 376KO UT WOS:000261182700003 ER PT J AU Buchalla, G Komatsubara, TK Muheim, F Silvestrini, L Artuso, M Asner, DM Ball, P Baracchini, E Bell, G Beneke, M Berryhill, J Bevan, A Bigi, II Blanke, M Bobeth, C Bona, M Borzumati, F Browder, T Buanes, T Buchmuller, O Buras, AJ Burdin, S Cassel, DG Cavanaugh, R Ciuchini, M Colangelo, P Crosetti, G Dedes, A De Fazio, F Descotes-Genon, S Dickens, J Dolezal, Z Durr, S Egede, U Eggel, C Eigen, G Fajfer, S Feldmann, T Ferrandes, R Gambino, P Gershon, T Gibson, V Giorgi, M Gligorov, VV Golob, B Golutvin, A Grossman, Y Guadagnoli, D Haisch, U Hazumi, M Heinemeyer, S Hiller, G Hitlin, D Huber, T Hurth, T Iijima, T Ishikawa, A Isidori, G Jager, S Khodjamirian, A Koppenburg, P Lagouri, T Langenegger, U Lazzeroni, C Lenz, A Lubicz, V Lucha, W Mahlke, H Melikhov, D Mescia, F Misiak, M Nakao, M Napolitano, J Nikitin, N Nierste, U Oide, K Okada, Y Paradisi, P Parodi, F Patel, M Petrov, AA Pham, TN Pierini, M Playfer, S Polesello, G Policicchio, A Poschenrieder, A Raimondi, P Recksiegel, S Reznicek, P Robert, A Rosner, JL Ruggiero, G Sarti, A Schneider, O Schwab, F Simula, S Sivoklokov, S Slavich, P Smith, C Smizanska, M Soni, A Speer, T Spradlin, P Spranger, M Starodumov, A Stech, B Stocchi, A Stone, S Tarantino, C Teubert, F T'Jampens, S Toms, K Trabelsi, K Trine, S Uhlig, S Vagnoni, V van Hunen, JJ Weiglein, G Weiler, A Wilkinson, G Xie, Y Yamauchi, M Zhu, G Zupan, J Zwicky, R AF Buchalla, G. Komatsubara, T. K. Muheim, F. Silvestrini, L. Artuso, M. Asner, D. M. Ball, P. Baracchini, E. Bell, G. Beneke, M. Berryhill, J. Bevan, A. Bigi, I. I. Blanke, M. Bobeth, Ch. Bona, M. Borzumati, F. Browder, T. Buanes, T. Buchmueller, O. Buras, A. J. Burdin, S. Cassel, D. G. Cavanaugh, R. Ciuchini, M. Colangelo, P. Crosetti, G. Dedes, A. De Fazio, F. Descotes-Genon, S. Dickens, J. Dolezal, Z. Duerr, S. Egede, U. Eggel, C. Eigen, G. Fajfer, S. Feldmann, Th. Ferrandes, R. Gambino, P. Gershon, T. Gibson, V. Giorgi, M. Gligorov, V. V. Golob, B. Golutvin, A. Grossman, Y. Guadagnoli, D. Haisch, U. Hazumi, M. Heinemeyer, S. Hiller, G. Hitlin, D. Huber, T. Hurth, T. Iijima, T. Ishikawa, A. Isidori, G. Jaeger, S. Khodjamirian, A. Koppenburg, P. Lagouri, T. Langenegger, U. Lazzeroni, C. Lenz, A. Lubicz, V. Lucha, W. Mahlke, H. Melikhov, D. Mescia, F. Misiak, M. Nakao, M. Napolitano, J. Nikitin, N. Nierste, U. Oide, K. Okada, Y. Paradisi, P. Parodi, F. Patel, M. Petrov, A. A. Pham, T. N. Pierini, M. Playfer, S. Polesello, G. Policicchio, A. Poschenrieder, A. Raimondi, P. Recksiegel, S. Reznicek, P. Robert, A. Rosner, J. L. Ruggiero, G. Sarti, A. Schneider, O. Schwab, F. Simula, S. Sivoklokov, S. Slavich, P. Smith, C. Smizanska, M. Soni, A. Speer, T. Spradlin, P. Spranger, M. Starodumov, A. Stech, B. Stocchi, A. Stone, S. Tarantino, C. Teubert, F. T'Jampens, S. Toms, K. Trabelsi, K. Trine, S. Uhlig, S. Vagnoni, V. van Hunen, J. J. Weiglein, G. Weiler, A. Wilkinson, G. Xie, Y. Yamauchi, M. Zhu, G. Zupan, J. Zwicky, R. TI B, D and K decays SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; MEDIATED SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; LARGE TAN-BETA; COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; TO-LEADING ORDER; UNIVERSAL EXTRA DIMENSIONS; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; PHOTON ENERGY-SPECTRUM; LIGHT FORM-FACTORS AB The present report documents the results of Working Group 2: B, D and K decays, of the workshop on Flavor in the Era of the LHC, held at CERN from November 2005 through March 2007. With the advent of the LHC, we will be able to probe New Physics (NP) up to energy scales almost one order of magnitude larger than it has been possible with present accelerator facilities. While direct detection of new particles will be the main avenue to establish the presence of NP at the LHC, indirect searches will provide precious complementary information, since most probably it will not be possible to measure the full spectrum of new particles and their couplings through direct production. In particular, precision measurements and computations in the realm of flavor physics are expected to play a key role in constraining the unknown parameters of the Lagrangian of any NP model emerging from direct searches at the LHC. The aim of Working Group 2 was twofold: on the one hand, to provide a coherent up-to-date picture of the status of flavor physics before the start of the LHC; on the other hand, to initiate activities on the path towards integrating information on NP from high-pT and flavor data. This report is organized as follows: in Sect. 1, we give an overview of NP models, focusing on a few examples that have been discussed in some detail during the workshop, with a short description of the available computational tools for flavor observables in NP models. Section 2 contains a concise discussion of the main theoretical problem in flavor physics: the evaluation of the relevant hadronic matrix elements for weak decays. Section 3 contains a detailed discussion of NP effects in a set of flavor observables that we identified as "benchmark channels" for NP searches. The experimental prospects for flavor physics at future facilities are discussed in Sect. 4. Finally, Sect. 5 contains some assessments on the work done at the workshop and the prospects for future developments. C1 [Buchalla, G.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Artuso, M.; Stone, S.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. [Asner, D. M.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Ball, P.; Dedes, A.; Weiglein, G.; Zwicky, R.] Univ Durham, IPPP, Durham, England. [Silvestrini, L.; Baracchini, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Silvestrini, L.; Baracchini, E.; Ciuchini, M.; Lubicz, V.; Simula, S.; Tarantino, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Bell, G.; Nierste, U.; Trine, S.] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Beneke, M.; Huber, T.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. [Berryhill, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bevan, A.] Univ London, London, England. [Bigi, I. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Blanke, M.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Bobeth, Ch.; Hiller, G.] Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-4600 Dortmund, Germany. [Bona, M.; T'Jampens, S.] Univ Savoie, LAPP, CNRS, IN2P3, Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Borzumati, F.] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Borzumati, F.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Browder, T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Buanes, T.; Eigen, G.] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Buchmueller, O.; Golutvin, A.; Hurth, T.; Jaeger, S.; Patel, M.; Pierini, M.; Ruggiero, G.; Slavich, P.; Teubert, F.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Blanke, M.; Buras, A. J.; Guadagnoli, D.; Paradisi, P.; Poschenrieder, A.; Recksiegel, S.; Spranger, M.; Uhlig, S.] Tech Univ Munich, D-8046 Garching, Germany. [Burdin, S.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Cassel, D. G.; Mahlke, H.; Weiler, A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Cavanaugh, R.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ciuchini, M.; Lubicz, V.; Simula, S.; Tarantino, C.] Univ Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. [Colangelo, P.; De Fazio, F.; Ferrandes, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Crosetti, G.; Policicchio, A.] Univ Calabria, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Crosetti, G.; Policicchio, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. [Descotes-Genon, S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LPT, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Dickens, J.; Gibson, V.; Lazzeroni, C.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Dolezal, Z.; Lagouri, T.; Reznicek, P.] Charles Univ Prague, IPNP, Prague, Czech Republic. [Duerr, S.] FZ Julich, NIC, Julich, Germany. [Duerr, S.] DESY Zeuthen, Julich, Germany. [Egede, U.; Koppenburg, P.] Imperial Coll Sch Med, London, England. [Eggel, C.; Langenegger, U.; Starodumov, A.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Eggel, C.] PSI, Villigen, Switzerland. [Fajfer, S.; Golob, B.; Zupan, J.] Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Fajfer, S.; Zupan, J.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Feldmann, Th.; Khodjamirian, A.] Univ Siegen, Siegen, Germany. [Gambino, P.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Gambino, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Gershon, T.] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Giorgi, M.] Univ Pisa, SNS, Pisa, Italy. [Giorgi, M.; Isidori, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. [Gligorov, V. V.; Spradlin, P.; Wilkinson, G.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Golutvin, A.] ITEP, Moscow, Russia. [Grossman, Y.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. [Haisch, U.; Speer, T.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Komatsubara, T. K.; Hazumi, M.; Nakao, M.; Oide, K.; Okada, Y.; Trabelsi, K.; Yamauchi, M.] Grad Univ Adv Studies Sokendai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Komatsubara, T. K.; Hazumi, M.; Nakao, M.; Oide, K.; Okada, Y.; Trabelsi, K.; Yamauchi, M.] Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Heinemeyer, S.] IFCA, Santander, Spain. [Hitlin, D.] CalTech, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hurth, T.] SLAC, Stanford, CA USA. [Iijima, T.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Ishikawa, A.] Saga Univ, Saga 840, Japan. [Isidori, G.] SNS, Pisa, Italy. [Isidori, G.; Mescia, F.; Raimondi, P.; Sarti, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Lenz, A.] Univ Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. [Lucha, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, Vienna, Austria. [Melikhov, D.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Misiak, M.] Warsaw Univ, Warsaw, Poland. [Muheim, F.; Playfer, S.; Xie, Y.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Napolitano, J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [Nikitin, N.; Sivoklokov, S.; Toms, K.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsin Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Parodi, F.] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [Parodi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Petrov, A. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Pham, T. N.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Polesello, G.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Polesello, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Robert, A.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Rosner, J. L.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Schneider, O.; van Hunen, J. J.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schwab, F.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Slavich, P.] LAPTH, Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Smith, C.] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [Smizanska, M.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Soni, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Stech, B.] Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany. [Stocchi, A.] CNRS, LAL, IN2P3, Orsay, France. [Stocchi, A.] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. [Vagnoni, V.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Vagnoni, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Zhu, G.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. RP Buchalla, G (reprint author), Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. EM f.muheim@ed.ac.uk RI Petrov, Alexey/F-2882-2010; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Borzumati, Francesca /J-4681-2012; Melikhov, Dmitri/D-7945-2012; Bobeth, Christoph/F-7325-2013; Descotes-Genon, Sebastien/N-3364-2013; Mescia, Federico/B-9036-2014; Zhu, Guohuai/F-4583-2014; Golutvin, Andrey/R-8166-2016; OI Vagnoni, Vincenzo Maria/0000-0003-2206-311X; Silvestrini, Luca/0000-0002-2253-4164; De Fazio, Fulvia/0000-0003-0695-2566; Melikhov, Dmitri/0000-0003-4654-6933; Colangelo, Pietro/0000-0002-5921-7701; Gambino, Paolo/0000-0002-7433-4914; Lenz, Alexander/0000-0003-3976-035X; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Borzumati, Francesca /0000-0001-8204-1145; Descotes-Genon, Sebastien/0000-0001-7512-4970; Mescia, Federico/0000-0003-3582-2162; Zhu, Guohuai/0000-0003-2376-5826; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Simula, Silvano/0000-0002-5533-6746; Huber, Tobias/0000-0002-3851-0116 FU United States Department of Energy [DE FG02 90ER40560]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0547794]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER41005] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada and the DFG cluster of excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe (www.universe-cluster.de), Germany. J.L.R. was supported by the United States Department of Energy through Grant No. DE FG02 90ER40560. A.A.P. was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER Award PHY-0547794 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-FG02-96ER41005. The authors of this report thank all further participants in this workshop series for their presentations during the five workshop meetings, for contributing to the discussions and for useful comments. NR 1152 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 309 EP 492 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0716-1 PG 184 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 376KO UT WOS:000261182700004 ER PT J AU Cheng, G Hua, F Melnichenko, YB Hong, K Mays, JW Hammouda, B Wignall, GD AF Cheng, Gang Hua, Fengjun Melnichenko, Yuri B. Hong, Kunlun Mays, Jimmy W. Hammouda, Boualem Wignall, George D. TI Conformation of oligo(ethylene glycol) grafted poly(norbornene) in solutions: A small angle neutron scattering study SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SANS; Comblike polymers; Water soluble; Conformation ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TO-GLOBULE TRANSITION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); COMB HETEROPOLYMERS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SELF-ASSOCIATION; BEHAVIOR; CHAIN; POLYMERIZATION; DEPENDENCE AB The conformation of newly synthesized amphiphilic poly(methoxyoligo(ethylene oxide) norbornenyl esters) macro-homopolymers in dilute solutions of toluene-d8 and D2O was investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The macro-homopolymers consist of a polynorbornene (PNB) backbone with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 50, and each repeat unit has a grafted ethylene glycol (EG) side chain with an average DP of 6.6. The hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic side chains interact differently with solvents of different polarity, which makes the polymer conformation very sensitive to the solvent quality. It was found that in a 0.5 wt.% toluene Solution the polymers assume coil-like conformation and gradually contract and become more compact with increasing polymer concentration. In D2O, the conformation of the polymers were studied at different concentrations: 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% and at different temperatures: 25, 44, 60 and 74 degrees C. The polymers are partially contracted in D2O and their shape can be described by the form factor of a rigid cylinder. The second virial coefficient A(2) was extracted at three temperatures (25, 44 and 60 IQ and the theta point was estimated to be reached at similar to 45 degrees C. The attractive interactions between the polymers in D2O increase with temperature, which leads to the polymer-solvent phase separation at the cloud point temperature (01,T). The polymer conformation remains virtually temperature independent below the CPT and at 74 degrees C polymers collapse and form compact structures with water soluble side chains in the shell. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Gang; Melnichenko, Yuri B.; Wignall, George D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hua, Fengjun; Hong, Kunlun; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chengg@ornl.gov; hongkq@ornl.gov RI Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672 to the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2859 EP 2864 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.07.014 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 363NQ UT WOS:000260274400015 ER PT J AU Edlund, A Jansson, JK AF Edlund, Anna Jansson, Janet K. TI Use of bromodeoxyuridine immunocapture to identify psychrotolerant phenanthrene-degrading bacteria in phenanthrene-enriched polluted Baltic Sea sediments SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenanthrene; bromodeoxyuridine; terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism; Baltic Sea sediment; Exiguobacterium ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; COMAMONAS TESTOSTERONI; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ACTIVE BACTERIA; DEGRADATION; NAPHTHALENE; GENES; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB The aim of this study was to enrich and identify psychrotolerant phenanthrene-degrading bacteria from polluted Baltic Sea sediments. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated sediments were spiked with phenanthrene and incubated for 2 months in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine that is incorporated into the DNA of replicating cells. The bromodeoxyuridine-incorporated DNA was extracted by immunocapture and analyzed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing to identify bacterial populations that were growing. In addition, degradation genes were quantified in the bromodeoxyuridine-incorporated DNA by real-time PCR. Phenanthrene concentrations decreased after 2 months of incubation in the phenanthrene-enriched sediments and this reduction correlated to increases in copy numbers of xylE and phnAc dioxygenase genes. Representatives of Exiguobacterium, Schewanella, Methylomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides and an uncultured Deltaproteobacterium and a Gammaproteobacterium dominated the growing community in the phenanthrene-spiked sediments. Isolates that were closely related to three of these bacteria (two pseudomonads and an Exiguobacterium sp.) could reduce phenanthrene concentrations in pure cultures and they all harbored phnAc dioxygenase genes. These results confirm that this combination of culture-based and molecular approaches was useful for identification of actively growing bacterial species with a high potential for phenanthrene degradation. C1 [Jansson, Janet K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edlund, Anna] Sodertorn Univ Coll, Sch Life Sci, Huddinge, Sweden. [Edlund, Anna; Jansson, Janet K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Jansson, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, MS 70A-3317,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrjansson@lbl.gov NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 513 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00513.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 335LH UT WOS:000258291600016 PM 18616589 ER PT J AU Zheng, JC AF Zheng, Jin-cheng TI Recent advances on thermoelectric materials SO FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS IN CHINA LA English DT Review DE energy materials; thermoelectric; nanostructure; strongly correlated system; phonon-glass-electron crystal; charge-spin-orbital degeneracy AB By converting waste heat into electricity through the thermoelectric power of solids without producing greenhouse gas emissions, thermoelectric generators could be an important part of the solution to today's energy challenge. There has been a resurgence in the search for new materials for advanced thermoelectric energy conversion applications. In this paper, we will review recent efforts on improving thermoelectric efficiency. Particularly, several novel proof-of-principle approaches such as phonon disorder in phonon-glass-electron crystals, low dimensionality in nanostructured materials and charge-spin-orbital degeneracy in strongly correlated systems on thermoelectric performance will be discussed. C1 [Zheng, Jin-cheng] Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Jin-cheng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zheng, JC (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM jincheng_zheng@yahoo.com RI Zheng, JC/G-3383-2010 OI Zheng, JC/0000-0002-6292-3236 FU Xiamen University of China; U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported in part by the Minjiang Scholar Distinguished Professorship Program through Xiamen University of China, and the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The author is grateful to C. F. Chen, Q. Jie, Q. Li, P. Oleynikov, V. Volkov, H. Q. Wang, L. Wu, J. Yang, J. Zhou, and Y. Zhu for discussions. NR 72 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 85 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA NO 4 DEWAI DAJIE, BEIJING 100120, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1673-3487 EI 1673-3606 J9 FRONT PHYS CHINA JI Front. Phys. China PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s11467-008-0028-9 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V12XB UT WOS:000207630800005 ER PT J AU Chen, SE Nishihama, Y Yue, P AF Chen, Shen-En Nishihama, Yayoi Yue, Paul TI Axial and transverse characterizations of ceramic candle SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE ceramic candle filters; nondestructive testing; static and dynamic testing; transverse vibration; axial vibration ID FILTER; CHAR AB Ceramic candle filters are stiff composite tubes used in particle-removal during hot-gas filtration in coal energy generation. These filters are designed to withstand high temperature and pressure gradients. To determine the consistency in manufactured qualities of these filters, dynamic characterization method is recommended as a nondestructive evaluation technique. Six filters of the same manufactured batch were tested dynamically to establish the baseline properties of these filters. The test results are compared to theoretical values and are used to identify the variation in the manufactured products. This paper reports the frequencies in both transverse and axial directions indicating acceptable variations between all filters that are compatible to variations in measured physical parameters including density, stiffness and elastic modulus. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Shen-En; Nishihama, Yayoi] Univ N Carolina, Dept Civil Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Yue, Paul] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Chen, SE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Civil Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM schen12@uncc.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD SEP PY 2008 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2807 EP 2816 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.01.031 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 313FM UT WOS:000256726500051 ER PT J AU Pennline, HW Luebke, DR Jones, KL Myers, CR Morsi, BI Heintz, YJ Ilconich, JB AF Pennline, Henry W. Luebke, David R. Jones, Kenneth L. Myers, Christina R. Morsi, Badie I. Heintz, Yannick J. Ilconich, Jeffery B. TI Progress in carbon dioxide capture and separation research for gasification-based power generation point sources SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; carbon capture; carbon separation; membranes; fluorinated solvents; ionic liquids ID LIQUID-MEMBRANE; IONIC LIQUIDS; GAS; PERMEATION; TRANSPORT; CO2 AB The purpose of the present work is to investigate novel approaches, materials, and molecules for the abatement of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) at the pre-combustion stage of gasification-based power generation point sources. The capture/separation step for CO(2) from large point sources is a critical one with respect to the technical feasibility and cost of the overall carbon sequestration scenario. For large point sources, such as those found in power generation, the carbon dioxide capture techniques being investigated by the office of Research and Development of the National Energy Technology Laboratory possess the potential for improved efficiency and reduced costs as compared to more conventional technologies. The investigated techniques can have wide applications, but the present research is focused on the capture/separation of carbon dioxide from fuel gas (pre-combustion gas) from processes such as the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) process. For such applications, novel concepts are being developed in wet scrubbing with physical sorption, chemical sorption with solid sorbents, and separation by membranes. In one concept, a wet scrubbing technique is being investigated that uses a physical solvent process to remove CO(2) from fuel gas of an IGCC system at elevated temperature and pressure. The need to define an "ideal" solvent has led to the study of the solubility and mass transfer properties of various solvents. Pertaining to another separation technology, fabrication techniques and mechanistic studies for membranes separating CO(2) from the fuel gas produced by coal gasification are also being performed. Membranes that consist of CO(2)-philic ionic liquids encapsulated into a polymeric substrate have been investigated for permeability and selectivity. Finally, processes based on dry, regenerable sorbents are additional techniques for CO(2) capture from fuel gas. An overview of these novel techniques is presented along with a research progress status of technologies related to membranes and physical solvents. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pennline, Henry W.; Luebke, David R.; Jones, Kenneth L.; Myers, Christina R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Morsi, Badie I.; Heintz, Yannick J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Ilconich, Jeffery B.] Parsons RDS, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM kenneth.jones@netl.doe.gov NR 23 TC 109 Z9 115 U1 9 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 897 EP 907 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.02.002 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 355OX UT WOS:000259719300009 ER PT J AU Fleisch, MC Maxwell, CA Costes, SV Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Fleisch, M. C. Maxwell, C. A. Costes, S., V Barcellos-Hoff, M. H. TI The genomic differences in radiated breast - Epithelial cells is centrosome given - Implication for the increased risk during continually radiated breast cancer SO GEBURTSHILFE UND FRAUENHEILKUNDE LA German DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fleisch, M. C.] Univ Frauenklin, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Maxwell, C. A.] Catalan Inst Oncol, Translat Res Lab, Barcelona, Spain. [Costes, S., V; Barcellos-Hoff, M. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013; Fleisch, Markus/E-4134-2014 OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389; Fleisch, Markus/0000-0002-8966-4721 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0016-5751 J9 GEBURTSH FRAUENHEILK JI Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 68 SU 1 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 353OO UT WOS:000259577500426 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, V Czech, B Hubeny, VE Larjo, K Rangamani, M Simon, J AF Balasubramanian, Vijay Czech, Bartlomiej Hubeny, Veronika E. Larjo, Klaus Rangamani, Mukund Simon, Joan TI Typicality versus thermality: an analytic distinction SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Aspen Workshop on Black Hole Physics CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO DE typicality; thermality; variances between microstates ID N/S-N ORBIFOLDS; BLACK-HOLES AB In systems with a large degeneracy of states such as black holes, one expects that the average value of probe correlation functions will be well approximated by the thermal ensemble. To understand how correlation functions in individual microstates differ from the canonical ensemble average and from each other, we study the variances in correlators. Using general statistical considerations, we show that the variance between microstates will be exponentially suppressed in the entropy. However, by exploiting the analytic properties of correlation functions we argue that these variances are amplified in imaginary time, thereby distinguishing pure states from the thermal density matrix. We demonstrate our general results in specific examples and argue that our results apply to the microstates of black holes. C1 [Balasubramanian, Vijay; Czech, Bartlomiej; Larjo, Klaus; Simon, Joan] Univ Penn, David Rittenhouse Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hubeny, Veronika E.; Rangamani, Mukund] Univ Durham, Ctr Particle Theory, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Hubeny, Veronika E.; Rangamani, Mukund] Univ Durham, Dept Math Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Simon, Joan] LBNL Univ Calif, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Simon, Joan] LBNL Univ Calif, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Larjo, K (reprint author), Univ Penn, David Rittenhouse Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM vijay@physics.upenn.edu; czech@sas.upenn.edu; veronika.hubeny@durham.ac.uk; klarjo@physics.upenn.edu; mukund.rangamani@durham.ac.uk; JSimonSoler@lbl.gov OI Rangamani, Mukund/0000-0002-4336-1346; Czech, Bartlomiej/0000-0002-6368-3502 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 EI 1572-9532 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1863 EP 1890 DI 10.1007/s10714-008-0606-8 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 339FB UT WOS:000258562400005 ER PT J AU Eydmann, T Sommariva, E Inagawa, T Mian, S Klar, AJS Dalgaard, JZ AF Eydmann, T. Sommariva, E. Inagawa, T. Mian, S. Klar, A. J. S. Dalgaard, J. Z. TI Rtf1-mediated eukaryotic site-specific replication termination SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-I; TRANS-ACTING FACTORS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION; DNA-REPLICATION; FISSION YEAST; RIBOSOMAL DNA; FORK ARREST; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The molecular mechanisms mediating eukaryotic replication termination and pausing remain largely unknown. Here we present the molecular characterization of Rtf1 that mediates site-specific replication termination at the polar Schizosaccharomyces pombe barrier RTS1. We show that Rtf1 possesses two chimeric myb/SANT domains: one is able to interact with the repeated motifs encoded by the RTS1 element as well as the elements enhancer region, while the other shows only a weak DNT binding activity. In addition we show that the C-terminal tail of Rtf1 mediates self-interaction, and deletion of this tail has a dominant phenotype. Finally, we identify a point imitation in Rtf1 domain I that converts the RTS1 element into a replication barrier of the opposite polarity. Together our data establish that multiple protein DNA and protein-protein interactions between Rtf1 molecules and both the repeated motifs and the enhancer region of RTS1 are required for site-specific termination at the RTS1 element. C1 [Eydmann, T.; Sommariva, E.; Inagawa, T.; Dalgaard, J. Z.] Marie Curie Res Inst, Oxted RH8 0TL, Surrey, England. [Mian, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klar, A. J. S.] NCI, Gene Regulat & Chromosome Biol Lab, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dalgaard, JZ (reprint author), Marie Curie Res Inst, Oxted RH8 0TL, Surrey, England. EM j.dalgaard@mcri.ac.uk RI Sommariva, Elena/K-4078-2016 OI Sommariva, Elena/0000-0003-2172-4051 FU National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health; Marie Curie Cancer Care; Association of International Cancer Research FX We thank our colleagues at the Marie Curie Research Institute for helpful suggestions and interactions. A special thanks to Rob Cross, Natalie Mansfield, S. Jack Carlisle, Doug Drummond, Sonya Vengrova, and Michael Bonaduce for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (A.J.S.K.), the Marie Curie Cancer Care (J.Z.D.) and the Association of International Cancer Research (J.Z.D.). NR 55 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 180 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.089243 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 356DI UT WOS:000259758500004 PM 18723894 ER PT J AU Rozalen, ML Huertas, FJ Brady, PV Cama, J Garcia-Palma, S Linares, J AF Rozalen, M. Luisa Huertas, F. Javier Brady, Patrick V. Cama, Jordi Garcia-Palma, Susana Linares, Jose TI Experimental study of the effect of pH on the kinetics of montmorillonite dissolution at 25 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; REACTIVE SURFACE-AREA; KAOLINITE DISSOLUTION; SMECTITE DISSOLUTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BIOTITE DISSOLUTION; PRECIPITATION KINETICS; MINERAL DISSOLUTION; ALKALINE CONDITIONS; ACIDIC CONDITIONS AB The effect of pH on the kinetics of smectite (K-montmorillonite) dissolution was investigated at 25 degrees C in batch and stirred flow-through reactors over the pH range of 1-13.5, in KNO3 solutions. Dissolution rates were obtained based on the release of Si and Al at steady-state under far from equilibrium conditions. Dissolution was non-stoichiometric between pH 5 and 10, due to adsorption/precipitation of Al. Dissolution rates computed from batch and flow-through experiments were consistent, irrespective of the Si and Al concentrations. Sample pre-treatment and the interlayer cation do not affect the steady-state dissolution rate or stoichiometry of cation release. The rate dependence on pH can be described by: R(molrn(-2)S-(1)) = 10(-12.30)a(H+)(0.40) + 10(-14.37) + 10(-13.05)a(OH-)(0.27) experimental results are consistent with a dissolution mechanism involving inward movement of a dissolution front from crystal edges. Consequently, normalization of the dissolution rates should take into account the reactive surface located on the smectite edges. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rozalen, M. Luisa; Huertas, F. Javier; Garcia-Palma, Susana; Linares, Jose] CSIC, Dept Environm Geochem, Estac Expt Zaidin, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Rozalen, M. Luisa; Brady, Patrick V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Cama, Jordi] CSIC, Inst Earth Sci Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Huertas, FJ (reprint author), CSIC, Dept Environm Geochem, Estac Expt Zaidin, Prof Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM javier.huertas@eez.csic.es RI Huertas, F. Javier/B-8332-2008; Rozalen, Maria Luisa/L-9757-2015 OI Huertas, F. Javier/0000-0002-1833-6018; Rozalen, Maria Luisa/0000-0003-3254-1218 NR 65 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 17 BP 4224 EP 4253 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.065 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 343NT UT WOS:000258861500003 ER PT J AU Pride, SR Flekkoy, EG Aursjo, O AF Pride, Steven R. Flekkoy, Eirik G. Aursjo, Olav TI Seismic stimulation for enhanced oil recovery SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARITY-INDUCED RESONANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; LATTICE-BOLTZMANN; MOBILIZATION; FLUIDS; BLOBS AB The pore-scale effects of seismic stimulation on two-phase flow are modeled numerically in random 2D grain-pack geometries. Seismic stimulation aims to enhance oil production by sending seismic waves across a reservoir to liberate immobile patches of oil. For seismic amplitudes above a well-defined (analytically expressed) dimensionless criterion, the force perturbation associated with the waves indeed can liberate oil trapped on capillary barriers and get it flowing again under the background pressure gradient. Subsequent coalescence of the freed oil droplets acts to enhance oil movement further because longer bubbles overcome capillary barriers more efficiently than shorter bubbles do. Poroelasticity theory defines the effective force that a seismic wave adds to the background fluid-pressure gradient. The lattice-Boltzmann model in two dimensions is used to perform pore-scale numerical simulations. Dimensionless numbers (groups of material and force parameters) involved in seismic stimulation were defined carefully so that numerical simulations could be applied to field-scale conditions. Using defined analytical criteria, there is a significant range of reservoir conditions over which seismic stimulation can be expected to enhance oil production. C1 [Pride, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flekkoy, Eirik G.; Aursjo, Olav] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Pride, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srpride@lbl.gov; e.g.flekkoy@fys.uio.no; olavau@student.matnat.uio.no FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEACO2O5CH11231]; Research Council of Norway (NFR) FX The work of S. R. P. was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy and was supported specifically by the Geosciences Research Program of the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, contract number DEACO2O5CH11231. The work of E. G. F. and O. A. was supported by a grant from the Petromaks program in the Division for Science of the Research Council of Norway (NFR). NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 73 IS 5 BP O23 EP O35 DI 10.1190/1.2968090 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 356TR UT WOS:000259801000018 ER PT J AU Luo, YQ Gerten, D Le Maire, G Parton, WJ Weng, ES Zhou, XH Keough, C Beier, C Ciais, P Cramer, W Dukes, JS Emmett, B Hanson, PJ Knapp, A Linder, S Nepstad, D Rustad, L AF Luo, Yiqi Gerten, Dieter Le Maire, Guerric Parton, William J. Weng, Ensheng Zhou, Xuhui Keough, Cindy Beier, Claus Ciais, Philippe Cramer, Wolfgang Dukes, Jeffrey S. Emmett, Bridget Hanson, Paul J. Knapp, Alan Linder, Sune Nepstad, Dan Rustad, Lindsey TI Modeled interactive effects of precipitation, temperature, and [CO2] on ecosystem carbon and water dynamics in different climatic zones SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; heterotrophic respiration; net ecosystem production; net primary production; runoff; transpiration ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; BOREAL NORWAY SPRUCE; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; GRASSLAND RESPONSES; WARMING EXPERIMENT; SOIL CARBON; PINE FOREST; NITROGEN AB Interactive effects of multiple global change factors on ecosystem processes are complex. It is relatively expensive to explore those interactions in manipulative experiments. We conducted a modeling analysis to identify potentially important interactions and to stimulate hypothesis formulation for experimental research. Four models were used to quantify interactive effects of climate warming (T), altered precipitation amounts [doubled (DP) and halved (HP)] and seasonality (SP, moving precipitation in July and August to January and February to create summer drought), and elevated [CO2] (C) on net primary production (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (R-h), net ecosystem production (NEP), transpiration, and runoff. We examined those responses in seven ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, and heathlands in different climate zones. The modeling analysis showed that none of the three-way interactions among T, C, and altered precipitation was substantial for either carbon or water processes, nor consistent among the seven ecosystems. However, two-way interactive effects on NPP, R-h, and NEP were generally positive (i.e. amplification of one factor's effect by the other factor) between T and C or between T and DP. A negative interaction (i.e. depression of one factor's effect by the other factor) occurred for simulated NPP between T and HP. The interactive effects on runoff were positive between T and HP. Four pairs of two-way interactive effects on plant transpiration were positive and two pairs negative. In addition, wet sites generally had smaller relative changes in NPP, R-h, runoff, and transpiration but larger absolute changes in NEP than dry sites in response to the treatments. The modeling results suggest new hypotheses to be tested in multifactor global change experiments. Likewise, more experimental evidence is needed for the further improvement of ecosystem models in order to adequately simulate complex interactive processes. C1 [Luo, Yiqi; Weng, Ensheng; Zhou, Xuhui] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gerten, Dieter; Cramer, Wolfgang] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Le Maire, Guerric; Ciais, Philippe] UMR CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Parton, William J.; Keough, Cindy] Univ Colorado, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Beier, Claus] Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Cramer, Wolfgang] CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Emmett, Bridget] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bangor LL57 2UP, Gwynedd, England. [Hanson, Paul J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Linder, Sune] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [Nepstad, Dan] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rustad, Lindsey] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Luo, YQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yluo@ou.edu RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Emmett, Bridget/D-6199-2011; Gerten, Dieter/B-2975-2013; Beier, Claus/E-6288-2013; Cramer, Wolfgang/B-8221-2008; le Maire, Guerric/P-6378-2014; Zhou, Xuhui/H-4332-2011; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016 OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; Emmett, Bridget/0000-0002-2713-4389; Cramer, Wolfgang/0000-0002-9205-5812; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179 NR 70 TC 141 Z9 152 U1 15 U2 138 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1986 EP 1999 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01629.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334YM UT WOS:000258257700003 ER PT J AU McEniry, J O'Kiely, P Clipson, NJW Forristal, PD Doyle, EM AF McEniry, J. O'Kiely, P. Clipson, N. J. W. Forristal, P. D. Doyle, E. M. TI The microbiological and chemical composition of silage over the course of fermentation in round bales relative to that of silage made from unchopped and precision-chopped herbage in laboratory silos SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE baled silage; precision-chopped herbage; silage fermentation; silage composition; laboratory silos ID GRASS-SILAGE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GROWTH; ENTEROBACTERIA; ENSILAGE; QUALITY; ALFALFA; FARMS; FUNGI AB The composition of baled silage frequently differs from that of comparable conventional silage. A factorial experiment was conducted with three wilting treatments (0, 24 or 48 h) x three ensiling systems [unchopped grass in bales, unchopped grass in laboratory silos (LS), precision-chopped grass in LS] x six stages of ensiling to (i) confirm that the fermentation of unchopped grass in LS could be used as an adequate model for baled silage fermentation, (ii) quantify the differences between baled silage and silage made from precision-chopped herbage across a range of dry-matter contents and (c) quantify the fermentation dynamics within the various treatments. The onset of fermentation as evidenced by the accumulation of fermentation products and the decline in pH were slower (P < 0.05) in baled silage compared with silage made from precision-chopped herbage. Furthermore the pH (P < 0.001) and overall concentration of fermentation acids (P < 0.01) were lower while ammonia-N concentration was generally higher in baled silage, making it more conducive to the activities of Clostridia, Enterobacteria and yeast. Numbers of Enterobacteria were higher (P < 0.001) in baled silage in the early stages of ensilage and persisted in baled silage at the end of the storage period. The implications of a slower onset of fermentation in baled herbage are greater in farm practice, as the fermentation would be further restricted by a more extensive wilting of the herbage prior to ensiling. C1 [McEniry, J.; O'Kiely, P.] Teagasc, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. [McEniry, J.; Clipson, N. J. W.; Doyle, E. M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Forristal, P. D.] Teagasc, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Park, Co Carlow, Ireland. RP O'Kiely, P (reprint author), Teagasc, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM padraig.okiely@teagasc.ie NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 407 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2008.00645.x PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 336YW UT WOS:000258403700014 ER PT J AU Olsher, RH McLean, TD Justus, AL AF Olsher, Richard H. McLean, Thomas D. Justus, Alan L. TI A technical basis for the continued use of exposure as an acceptable operational quantity in radiation protection SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose; external; exposure; occupational; radiation protection; regulations AB Within the tabulated values or the new [to U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)] radiation weighting factors, it call be seen that a doubling of the neutron factor occurs for the 0.1 to 2 MeV neutron energy range. [fence, with the effective replacement of the quality factor by these new radiation weighting factors (for the protection quantities), it has been widely understood that the new changes will most definitely impact neutron dosimetry. However, it is less well understood that the new changes could also affect photon (and beta) dosimetry, i.e., photon reference fields, instrument design, and instrument calibrations. This paper discusses the ramifications, and ultimately concludes that the use or exposure for workplace measurements complies with both current and amended DOE requirements. C1 [Olsher, Richard H.; McLean, Thomas D.; Justus, Alan L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Justus, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ajustus@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work has been authored by employees of Los Alamos National Security. LLC. operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the published, by accepting this work for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexlusive, paid-up, irrevocable world-wide license to publish or reproduce this work, or allow others to do so for United States Government purposes. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 95 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000318878.55408.ff PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 341KP UT WOS:000258713700008 PM 18695416 ER PT J AU Holmgren, J Marinangeli, R Nair, P Elliott, D Bain, R AF Holmgren, J. Marinangeli, R. Nair, P. Elliott, D. Bain, R. TI Consider upgrading pyrolysis oils into renewable fuels SO HYDROCARBON PROCESSING LA English DT Article C1 [Holmgren, J.; Marinangeli, R.; Nair, P.] Honeywell Co, UOP, Des Plaines, IL USA. [Elliott, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bain, R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Holmgren, J (reprint author), Honeywell Co, UOP, Des Plaines, IL USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG36-05GO15085]; UOP; NREL; PNNL FX The authors acknowledge the US Department of Energy for having funded an earlier study (DOE Project DE-FG36-05GO15085) that formed the basis for further DOE-funded work by UOP, NREL and PNNL. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU GULF PUBL CO PI HOUSTON PA BOX 2608, HOUSTON, TX 77252-2608 USA SN 0018-8190 J9 HYDROCARB PROCESS JI Hydrocarb. Process. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 87 IS 9 BP 95 EP + PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 352HH UT WOS:000259486200037 ER PT J AU Berger, R Rathman, DD Tyrrell, BM Kohler, EJ Rose, MK Murphy, RA Perry, TS Robey, HF Weber, FA Craig, DM Soares, AM Vernon, SP Reich, RK AF Berger, Robert Rathman, Dennis D. Tyrrell, Brian M. Kohler, E. J. Rose, Michael K. Murphy, R. Allen Perry, Theodore S. Robey, Harry F. Weber, Franz A. Craig, David M. Soares, Antonio M. Vernon, Stephen P. Reich, Robert K. TI A 64x64-pixel CMOS test chip for the development of large-format ultra-high-speed snapshot imagers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc DE CMOS readout; current steering circuit; high-speed imaging; H-tree clock distribution; integrated circuit design; snapshot exposures ID LADAR AB A 64 x 64-pixel test circuit was designed and fabricated in 0.18-mu m CMOS technology for investigating high-speed imaging with large-format imagers. Several features are integrated into the circuit architecture to achieve fast exposure times with low-skew and jitter for simultaneous pixel snapshots. These features include an H-tree clock distribution with local and global repeaters, single-edge trigger propagation, local exposure control, and current-steering sampling circuits. To evaluate the circuit performance, test structures are periodically located throughout the 64 x 64-pixel device. Measured devices have exposure times that can be varied between 75 ps to 305 ps with skew times for all pixels less than +/- 3 ps and jitter that is less than +/- 1.2 ps rms. Other performance characteristics are a readout noise of approximately 115 e- rms and an upper dynamic range of 310,000 e-. C1 [Berger, Robert; Rathman, Dennis D.; Tyrrell, Brian M.; Murphy, R. Allen; Craig, David M.; Soares, Antonio M.; Reich, Robert K.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Kohler, E. J.] Kenet Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Rose, Michael K.] Kollmorgen Electroopt, Northampton, MA 01060 USA. [Perry, Theodore S.; Robey, Harry F.; Weber, Franz A.; Vernon, Stephen P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berger, R (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1940 EP 1950 DI 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2001912 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 350RP UT WOS:000259371100008 ER PT J AU Sigman, J Nordquist, CD Clem, PG Kraus, GM Finnegan, PS AF Sigman, Jennifer Nordquist, Christopher D. Clem, Paul G. Kraus, Garth M. Finnegan, Patrick S. TI Voltage-controlled Ku-band and X-band tunable combline filters using barium-strontium-titanate SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE barium titanate; combline filters; strontium titanate; tunable dielectrics; tunable filters ID CAPACITORS AB Tunable X-band and Ku-band combline bandpass filters using barium-strontium-titanate capacitors fabricated on alumina substrates with through-substrate CuW vias are reported. Under a 0-100 V bias, the X-band filter changes center frequency from 8.75 GHz to 10.96 GHz with 4-8 dB of loss while the Ku-band filter changes center frequency from 11.7 GHz to 14.3 GHz with 6-10 dB of loss. Advances in processing and integration related to the filter fabrication and design are discussed. C1 [Sigman, Jennifer; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Clem, Paul G.; Kraus, Garth M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Finnegan, Patrick S.] L&M Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Sigman, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jsigman@mi-cron.com; cdnordq@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received February 6, 2008; revised May 28, 2008. Current version published September 5, 2008. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 9 BP 593 EP 595 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2008.2002453 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 350RV UT WOS:000259371700009 ER PT J AU Cortez, RA Papageorgiou, X Tanner, HG Klimenko, AV Borozdin, KN Lumia, R Priedhorsky, WC AF Cortez, R. Andres Papageorgiou, Xanthi Tanner, Herbert G. Klimenko, Alexei V. Borozdin, Konstantin N. Lumia, Ron Priedhorsky, William C. TI Smart radiation sensor management - Radiation search and mapping using mobile robots SO IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE nuclear search; radiation mapping C1 [Papageorgiou, Xanthi; Tanner, Herbert G.; Lumia, Ron] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Borozdin, Konstantin N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Tanner, HG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, MSC01 1150, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tanner@unm.edu OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138; Klimenko, Alexei/0000-0003-4255-9374 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [STB-UC:06-36]; Department of Energy, University Research Program in Robotics [DE-FG52-04NA25590] FX Xanthi Papageorgiou was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory Award STB-UC:06-36. Andres Cortez was supported, in part, by the aforementioned award and, in part, by the Department of Energy, University Research Program in Robotics Grant DE-FG52-04NA25590. The latter grant also supported Herbert Tanner and Ron Lumia. The authors thank Nick Hengarter and Chuck Alexander of Los Alamos National Laboratory for assistance in nuclear statistical modeling and experimental system integration, respectively. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9932 EI 1558-223X J9 IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG JI IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1109/MRA.2008.928590 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA 349RI UT WOS:000259300600013 ER PT J AU Bishop, M Frincke, DA AF Bishop, Matt Frincke, Deborah A. TI Information assurance education - A work in progress SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Bishop, Matt] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Energy Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bishop, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bishop@cs.ucdavis.edu; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 6 IS 5 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1109/MSP.2008.123 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 357LQ UT WOS:000259847700023 ER PT J AU Sims, B Henke, C AF Sims, Benjamin Henke, Christopher TI Maintenance and transformation in the US nuclear weapons complex SO IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Sims, Benjamin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Henke, Christopher] Colgate Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. RP Sims, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bsims@lani.gov; chenke@mail.colgate.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0097 J9 IEEE TECHNOL SOC MAG JI IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1109/MTS.2008.928994 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 353BH UT WOS:000259540600008 ER PT J AU Gourlay, SA AF Gourlay, Stephen A. TI Challenges and prospects for the large-scale application of superconductivity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE fusion magnets; large-scale applications of superconductivity; superconducting accelerator magnets; superconducting magnets; superconducting materials; superconducting transmission lines ID ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; HTS MAGNET; DESIGN; COILS; CONDUCTOR; NB3SN; WIRES; POWER; TRANSMISSION; FRACTION AB The large-scale use of superconductivity continues to be dominated by applications for which there is generally no conventional option. In these cases, superconductivity has enabled new science and technology that could not exist without it. The fields of fusion energy and high-energy physics (REP) have particularly benefited from the application of superconductivity. High magnetic fields are absolutely necessary to achieve the required performance parameters. Even though superconductivity is an enabling technology for these fields, it comes with a number of challenges and market incursion has been very slow. However, thanks to persistent ongoing research, improvements in ancillary technology, and the development of new materials, the field is far from exhausted. On the contrary, many new applications in addition to high field magnets for scientific research and medical applications are on the horizon. Several applications are on the verge of accomplishing the much more difficult task of replacing existing conventional technology. This paper summarizes the current status of large-scale applications of superconductivity, using as an example magnet technology for fusion and HEP, and examines the prospects and challenges for new large-scale applications in the future. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gourlay, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sagourlay@lbl.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1671 EP 1680 DI 10.1109/TASC.2008.2003983 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 353MQ UT WOS:000259572500001 ER PT J AU Kaheil, YH Rosero, E Gill, MK Mckee, M Bastidas, LA AF Kaheil, Yasir H. Rosero, Enrique Gill, M. Kashif McKee, Mac Bastidas, Luis A. TI Downscaling and forecasting of evapotranspiration using a synthetic model of wavelets and support vector machines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE data management; learning systems; multiresolution techniques; water resources; wavelet transforms ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; VEGETATION INDEX; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LARGE-SCALE; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE; DECOMPOSITION; TRANSFORMS; FUSION; SYSTEM AB Providing reliable forecasts of evapotranspiration (ET) at farm level is a key element toward efficient water management in irrigated basins. This paper presents an algorithm that provides a means to downscale and forecast dependent variables such as ET images. Using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and support vector machines (SVMs), the algorithm finds multiple relationships between inputs and outputs at all different spatial scales and uses these relationships to predict the output at the finest resolution. Decomposing and reconstructing processes are done by using 2-D DNVT with basis functions that suit the physics of the property in question. Two-dimensional DWT for one level will result in one datum image (low-low-pass filter image) and three detail images (low-high, high-low, and high-high). The underlying relationship between the input variables and the output are learned by training an SVM on the datum images at the resolution of the output. The SVM is then applied on the detailed images to produce the detailed images of the output, which are needed to help downscale the output image to a higher resolution. In addition to being downscaled, the output image can be shifted ahead in time, providing a means for the algorithm to be used for forecasting. The algorithm has been applied on two case studies, one in Bondville, IL, where the results have been validated against AmeriFlux observations, and mother in the Sevier River Basin, UT. C1 [Kaheil, Yasir H.; McKee, Mac; Bastidas, Luis A.] Utah State Univ, Utah Water Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kaheil, Yasir H.; McKee, Mac; Bastidas, Luis A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kaheil, Yasir H.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Rosero, Enrique] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gill, M. Kashif] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kaheil, YH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Water Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ykaheil@iri.columbia.edu; erosero@mail.utexas.edu; kashif.gill@pnl.gov FU Utah Water Research Laboratory; Utah Center for Water Resources Reserch; Utah State University Research Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4310216] FX The authors would like to thank the Utah Water Research Laboratory, the Utah Center for Water Resources Reserch and the Utah State University Research Foundation for their support of this research. The authors would also like to thank Dr. F. Yang at the University of Wisconsin and Dr. M. White at Utah State University for their help in providing the data, as well as Dr. L. G. de Goncalves Lit the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for his Constructive advice and help in running the LIS. The authors would also like to thank Dr. A. F. Khalil al Columbia University, L. E. Gulden at the University of Texas at Austin, and Dr. B. T. Neilson and Dr. C. M. U. Neale, both at Utah State University, for their insightful comments that helped to improve this paper. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers of their original manuscript for their extremely Valuable comments.; This work was supported in part by the Utah Water Research Laboratory by the Utah Center for Water Resources Resources Research and by the Utah State University Research Foundation. The work of E. Rosero was supported by th National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA07OAR4310216. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2692 EP 2707 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.919819 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 348SY UT WOS:000259231600021 ER PT J AU El-Refaie, AM Jahns, TM Reddy, PB McKeever, JW AF El-Refaie, Ayman M. Jahns, Thomas M. Reddy, Patel B. McKeever, John W. TI Modified vector control algorithm for increasing partial-load efficiency of fractional-slot concentrated-winding surface PM machines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE concentrated windings; flux weakening; fractional-slot windings; partial-load efficiency; permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous machine; surface PM (SPM) motor; vector control ID PERMANENT-MAGNET MACHINES; SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR-DRIVES; BRUSHLESS AC MACHINES; TORQUE AB This paper presents a modified vector control algorithm for a fractional-slot concentrated-winding surface permanent magnet (SPM) machine that has been developed to maximize the machine's partial-load efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. By increasing the amplitude of the negative d-axis current, the resulting increase in the stator copper losses can be more than offset by the reduction in the iron core losses achieved by lowering the stator d-axis flux amplitude. The effectiveness of this technique has been demonstrated using both analytical models and finite element analysis for a 55-kW (peak) SPM machine design developed for a demanding set of traction drive performance requirements. For this example, the modified control strategy increases the partial-load efficiency at 20% of rated torque by > 6% at 2000 r/min compared to the maximum torque/ampere algorithm, making the machine much more attractive for its intended application. C1 [El-Refaie, Ayman M.] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Elect Machines & Drives Lab, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Jahns, Thomas M.; Reddy, Patel B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McKeever, John W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP El-Refaie, AM (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Elect Machines & Drives Lab, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM elrefaie@research.ge.com; jahns@engr.wisc.edu; patelr@cae.wise.edu; mckeeverjw@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 EI 1939-9367 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1543 EP 1551 DI 10.1109/TIA.2008.2002211 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 353NH UT WOS:000259574200029 ER PT J AU Tang, LX Su, GJ AF Tang, Lixin Su, Gui-Jia TI An interleaved reduced-component-count multivoltage bus DC/DC converter for fuel cell powered electric vehicle applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE DC/DC converter; fuel cell vehicle power management AB An interleaved reduced-component-count dc/dc converter is proposed for power management in fuel cell powered vehicles with a multivoltage electric net. The converter is based on a simplified topology and can handle more power with less ripple current, therefore reducing the capacitor requirements, making it more suited for fuel cell powered vehicles in the near future. A prototype rated at 4.3 kW was built and tested to verify the proposed topology. C1 [Tang, Lixin] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Su, Gui-Jia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Tang, LX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM tangl@ornl.gov; sugj@ornl.gov RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1638 EP 1644 DI 10.1109/TIA.2008.2002269 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 353NH UT WOS:000259574200040 ER PT J AU New, J Kendall, W Huang, J Chesler, E AF New, Joshua Kendall, Wesley Huang, Jian Chesler, Elissa TI Dynamic visualization of coexpression in systems genetics data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE visualization in physical sciences; life sciences and engineering; graph and network visualization; bioinformatics visualization; focus plus context techniques ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; SOCIAL NETWORKS; EXPRESSION; STRAINS AB Biologists hope to address grand scientific challenges by exploring the abundance of data made available through microarray analysis and other high-throughput techniques. However, the impact of this large volume of data is limited unless researchers can effectively assimilate the entirety of this complex information and integrate it into their daily research; interactive visualization tools are called for to support the effort. Specifically, typical studies of gene coexpression can make use of novel visualization tools that enable the dynamic formulation and fine-tuning of hypotheses to aid the process of evaluating sensitivity of key parameters and achieving data reduction. These tools should allow biologists to develop an intuitive understanding of the structure of biological networks and discover genes that reside in critical positions in networks and pathways. By using a graph as a universal data representation of correlation in gene expression data, our novel visualization tool employs several techniques that when used in an integrated manner provide innovative analytical capabilities. Our tool for interacting with gene coexpression data integrates techniques such as graph layout, qualitative subgraph extraction through a novel 2D user interface, quantitative subgraph extraction using graph-theoretic algorithms or by querying an optimized B-tree, dynamic level-of-detail graph abstraction, and template-based fuzzy classification using neural networks. We demonstrate our system using a real-world workflow from a large-scale systems genetics study of mammalian gene coexpression. C1 [New, Joshua; Kendall, Wesley; Huang, Jian] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chesler, Elissa] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mammalian Genet & Genom Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP New, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 203 Claxton Complex,1122 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM new@cs.utk.edu; kendall@cs.utk.edu; huangj@cs.utk.edu; cheslerej@ornl.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [U24AA13513, U01AA13499, U01AA016662]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01HD052472-01]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01DA020677] NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1094 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2008.61 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 322JP UT WOS:000257371400009 PM 18599919 ER PT J AU Yu, RC Resnekov, O Abola, AP Andrews, SS Benjamin, KR Bruck, J Burbulis, IE Colman-Lerner, A Endy, D Gordon, A Holl, M Lok, L Pesce, CG Serra, E Smith, RD Thomson, TM Tsong, AE Brent, R AF Yu, R. C. Resnekov, O. Abola, A. P. Andrews, S. S. Benjamin, K. R. Bruck, J. Burbulis, I. E. Colman-Lerner, A. Endy, D. Gordon, A. Holl, M. Lok, L. Pesce, C. G. Serra, E. Smith, R. D. Thomson, T. M. Tsong, A. E. Brent, R. TI The Alpha Project: a model system for systems biology research SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 08, 2007-AUG 11, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE GENOME; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; SMALL NUMBERS; PROTEIN; YEAST; RECEPTOR; ASSOCIATION; MOLECULES; PHEROMONE AB One goal of systems biology is to understand how genome-encoded parts interact to produce quantitative phenotypes. The Alpha Project is a medium-scale, interdisciplinary systems biology effort that aims to achieve this goal by understanding fundamental quantitative behaviours of a prototypic signal transduction pathway, the yeast pheromone response system from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Alpha Project distinguishes itself from many other systems biology projects by studying a tightly bounded and well-characterised system that is easily modified by genetic means, and by focusing on deep understanding of a discrete number of important and accessible quantitative behaviours. During the project, the authors have developed tools to measure the appropriate data and develop models at appropriate levels of detail to study a number of these quantitative behaviours. The authors have also developed transportable experimental tools and conceptual frameworks for understanding other signalling systems. In particular, the authors have begun to interpret system behaviours and their underlying molecular mechanisms through the lens of information transmission, a principal function of signalling systems. The Alpha Project demonstrates that interdisciplinary studies that identify key quantitative behaviours and measure important quantities, in the context of well-articulated abstractions of system function and appropriate analytical frameworks, can lead to deeper biological understanding. The authors' experience may provide a productive template for systems biology investigations of other cellular systems. C1 [Yu, R. C.; Resnekov, O.; Abola, A. P.; Andrews, S. S.; Benjamin, K. R.; Burbulis, I. E.; Colman-Lerner, A.; Endy, D.; Gordon, A.; Lok, L.; Pesce, C. G.; Serra, E.; Brent, R.] Inst Mol Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Bruck, J.] CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Endy, D.; Thomson, T. M.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Holl, M.] Univ Washington, Microscale Life Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Smith, R. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tsong, A. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yu, RC (reprint author), Inst Mol Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM resnekov@molsci.org RI Serra, Eduard/K-1332-2013; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Serra, Eduard/0000-0003-2895-9857; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Endy, Drew/0000-0001-6952-8098; Colman-Lerner, Alejandro A/0000-0002-2557-8883 FU NCI NIH HHS [R33 CA114306, R33 CA114306-01A1, R33 CA114306-02, R33 CA114306-03]; NHGRI NIH HHS [P50 HG002370-04, P50 HG002370, P50 HG002370-01A1, P50 HG002370-01A1S1, P50 HG002370-02, P50 HG002370-03, P50 HG002370-03S1, P50 HG002370-04S1, P50 HG002370-05, P50 HG002370-05S1]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM097479] NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 222 EP 233 DI 10.1049/iet-syb:20080127 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 358PA UT WOS:000259928800003 PM 19045818 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Shankaran, H Opresko, L Resat, H AF Zhang, Y. Shankaran, H. Opresko, L. Resat, H. TI System theoretical investigation of human epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signalling SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 08, 2007-AUG 11, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; BREAST-CANCER; ERBB RECEPTORS; KINASE ACTIVATION; TRANSDUCTION; NETWORK; PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSIFICATION AB The partitioning of biological networks into coupled-functional modules is being increasingly applied for developing predictive models of biological systems. This approach has the advantage that predicting a system-level response does not require a mechanistic description of the internal dynamics of each module. Identification of the input-output characteristics of the network modules and the connectivity between the modules provide the necessary quantitative representation of system dynamics. However, the determination of the input-output relationships of the modules is not trivial; it requires the controlled perturbation of module inputs and systematic analysis of experimental data. In this report, the authors apply a system theoretical analysis approach to derive the time-dependent input-output relationships of the functional module for the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) mediated Erk and Akt signalling pathways. Using a library of cell lines expressing endogenous levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and varying levels of HER2, the authors show that a transfer function-based representation can be successfully applied to quantitatively characterise information transfer in this system. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Shankaran, H.; Resat, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Opresko, L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM haluk.resat@pnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5R01GM072821-03, R01 GM072821, R01 GM072821-03] NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1049/iet-syb:20080116 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 358PA UT WOS:000259928800007 PM 19045822 ER PT J AU Dreisigmeyer, DW Stajic, J Nemenman, I Hlavacek, WS Wall, ME AF Dreisigmeyer, D. W. Stajic, J. Nemenman, I. Hlavacek, W. S. Wall, M. E. TI Determinants of bistability in induction of the Escherichia coli lac operon SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 08, 2007-AUG 11, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM ID LACTOSE PERMEASE; CARRIER PROTEIN; CELL-VOLUME; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; GALACTOSIDES; NETWORK; GLUCOSE; GROWTH; MODEL AB The authors have developed a mathematical model of regulation of expression of the Escherichia coli lac operon, and have investigated bistability in its steady-state induction behaviour in the absence of external glucose. Numerical analysis of equations describing regulation by artificial inducers revealed two natural bistability parameters that can be used to control the range of inducer concentrations over which the model exhibits bistability. By tuning these bistability parameters, the authors found a family of biophysically reasonable systems that are consistent with an experimentally determined bistable region for induction by thio-methylgalactoside (TMG) (in Ozbudak et al. Nature, 2004, 427; p. 737). To model regulation by lactose, the authors developed similar equations in which allolactose, a metabolic intermediate in lactose metabolism and a natural inducer of lac, is the inducer. For biophysically reasonable parameter values, these equations yield no bistability in response to induction by lactose - only systems with an unphysically small permease-dependent export effect can exhibit small amounts of bistability for limited ranges of parameter values. These results cast doubt on the relevance of bistability in the lac operon within the natural context of E. coli, and help shed light on the controversy among existing theoretical studies that address this issue. The results also motivate a deeper experimental characterisation of permease-independent transport of lac inducers, and suggest an experimental approach to address the relevance of bistability in the lac operon within the natural context of E. coli. The sensitivity of lac bistability to the type of inducer emphasises the importance of metabolism in determining the functions of genetic regulatory networks. C1 [Dreisigmeyer, D. W.; Hlavacek, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Stajic, J.; Nemenman, I.; Hlavacek, W. S.; Wall, M. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nemenman, I.; Wall, M. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wall, M. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dreisigmeyer, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM mewall@lanl.gov OI Nemenman, Ilya/0000-0003-3024-4244; Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515; Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM80216] NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 22 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1049/iet-syb:20080095 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 358PA UT WOS:000259928800009 PM 19045824 ER PT J AU Mugler, A Ziv, E Nemenman, I Wiggins, CH AF Mugler, A. Ziv, E. Nemenman, I. Wiggins, C. H. TI Serially regulated biological networks fully realise a constrained set of functions SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 08, 2007-AUG 11, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE NETWORKS; NOISE AB It is shown that biological networks with serial regulation (each node regulated by at most one other node) are constrained to direct functionality, in which the sign of the effect of an environmental input on a target species depends only on the direct path from the input to the target, even when there is a feedback loop allowing for multiple interaction pathways. Using a stochastic model for a set of small transcriptional regulatory networks that have been studied experimentally, it is further found that all networks can achieve all functions permitted by this constraint under reasonable settings of biochemical parameters. This underscores the functional versatility of the networks. C1 [Mugler, A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ziv, E.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nemenman, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nemenman, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wiggins, C. H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Mugler, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ajm2121@columbia.edu OI Nemenman, Ilya/0000-0003-3024-4244 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1049/iet-syb:20080097 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 358PA UT WOS:000259928800011 PM 19045826 ER PT J AU Skar, H Sylvan, S Hansson, HB Gustavsson, O Boman, H Albert, J Leitner, T AF Skar, Helena Sylvan, Staffan Hansson, Hans-Bertil Gustavsson, Olle Boman, Hans Albert, Jan Leitner, Thomas TI Multiple HIV-1 introductions into the Swedish intravenous drug user population SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; Molecular epidemiology; Outbreak; Evolutionary rate; Phylogeny; Tree node height; Intravenous drug users ID FORMER SOVIET-UNION; TYPE-1 EPIDEMIC; SUBTYPE; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; ESTONIA; FINLAND; HISTORY; EUROPE AB In 2001, an increase of HIV-1 diagnoses among intravenous drug users (IVDU) was reported in Sweden. In nearby countries, Finland, Russia and the Baltic states, recent outbreaks had been described. Since there was a concern that these outbreaks would carry over to Sweden a study was initiated to determine the factors leading to the Swedish increase of HIV-1 diagnosed IVDUs. HIV-1 env V3 sequences were obtained from 97 patients enrolled in ongoing epidemiological studies encompassing the years 1987-2004 with a focus on 2001-2002. The sequences were used for maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of the molecular epidemiology. Among the virus spreading in 2001-2002, we found that four different subtypes/CRFs were present in the Swedish IVDU population (A, B, CRF01_AE and CRF06_cpx). Subtype B constituted 85% of the infections, established by 12 independent introductions into the IVDU population. The worrisome increase in 2001 was mainly not a result of import of the outbreaks in nearby countries, but rather a higher detection rate of secondary cases due to efficient epidemiological tracing of the generally slow spread of established forms of subtype B in the IVDU community. However, a few of the non-subtype B cases were linked to the outbreaks in Finland, Estonia and Latvia. Because HIV-1 outbreaks can easily be exported from one country to another amongst IVDUs, this prompts continued surveillance in the Baltic Sea Region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Skar, Helena; Leitner, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Skar, Helena; Albert, Jan] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Virol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. [Skar, Helena; Albert, Jan] Karolinska Inst, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sylvan, Staffan] Reg Ctr Infect Dis Control & Prevent, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hansson, Hans-Bertil] Univ Hosp MAS, Reg Ctr Infect Dis Control & Prevent, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden. [Gustavsson, Olle] Linkoping Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden. [Gustavsson, Olle; Boman, Hans] Sundsvall Hosp, Dept Communicable Dis Control, SE-85186 Sundsvall, Sweden. RP Leitner, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T 10, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tkl@lanl.gov FU NIH-DOE [Y1-A1-1500-06]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Institute of Public Health FX We thank Marcus G. Daniels, Kajsa Aperia, Afsaneh Heidarian and Maj Westman for excellent technical assistance. We would also like to thank Alexei Drummond for helpful tips regarding the BEAST analyses, and Mika Salminen who kindly provided us with sequences from an outbreak of HIV-1 among IVDUs in Finland. This study was funded by an NIH-DOE interagency agreement (Y1-A1-1500-06), funds from The Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Institute of Public Health. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.03.004 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 361XK UT WOS:000260160900005 PM 18472306 ER PT J AU Dolan, ED Fourer, R Goux, JP Munson, TS Sarich, J AF Dolan, Elizabeth D. Fourer, Robert Goux, Jean-Pierre Munson, Todd S. Sarich, Jason TI Kestrel: An Interface from Optimization Modeling Systems to the NEOS Server SO INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE optimization; mathematical programming; Internet services; modeling languages ID ALGORITHM AB The NEOS server provides access to a variety of optimization resources via the Internet. The new Kestrel interface to the server enables local modeling environments to request NEOS optimization services and retrieve the results for local visualization and analysis so that users have the same convenient access to remote NEOS solvers as to those installed locally. Kestrel agents have been implemented for the AMPL and GAMS modeling environments; these agents have been designed so that subproblems can be queued for execution and later retrieval of results, making possible a rudimentary form of parallel processing. C1 [Dolan, Elizabeth D.; Fourer, Robert] Northwestern Univ, Dept Ind Engn & Management Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dolan, Elizabeth D.; Munson, Todd S.; Sarich, Jason] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Goux, Jean-Pierre] Powernext, F-75002 Paris, France. RP Dolan, ED (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Ind Engn & Management Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM 4er@iems.northwestern.edu; jp.goux@powernext.fr; tmunson@mcs.anl.gov; sarich@mcs.anl.gov RI Fourer, Robert/A-9455-2009; Fourer, Robert/B-7459-2009 FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing, U. S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38]; National Science Foundation Information Technology Research [CCR-0082807]; National Science Foundation Operations Research Program [DMI-0322580] FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing, U. S. Department of Energy under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38; the National Science Foundation Information Technology Research initiative under Grant CCR-0082807; and the National Science Foundation Operations Research Program under Grant DMI-0322580. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1091-9856 J9 INFORMS J COMPUT JI INFORMS J. Comput. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 525 EP 538 DI 10.1287/ijoc.1080.0264 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 358JJ UT WOS:000259912700005 ER PT J AU Samuel, APS Moore, EG Melchior, M Xu, JD Raymond, KN AF Samuel, Amanda P. S. Moore, Evan G. Melchior, Marco Xu, Jide Raymond, Kenneth N. TI Water-soluble 2-hydroxyisophthalamides for sensitization of lanthanide luminescence SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IRON CHELATORS; COMPLEXES; TREN-ME-3,2-HOPO; LIGANDS; STATE AB A series of octadentate ligands featuring the 2-hydroxyisophthalamide (IAM) antenna chromophore to sensitize Tb(III) and Eu(III) luminescence has been prepared and characterized. The length of the alkyl amine scaffold that links the four IAM moieties has been varied to investigate the effect of the ligand backbone on the stability and photophysical properties of the Ln(III) complexes. The amine backbones utilized in this study are N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-aminoethyl)-ethane-1,2-diamine [H(2,2)-], N, N, N', N'-tetrakis-(2-aminoethyl)-propane-1,3-diamine [H(3,2)-], and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-aminoethyl)-butane-1,4-diamine [H(4,2)-]. These ligands also incorporate methoxyethylene [MOE] groups on each of the IAM chromophores to increase their water solubility. The aqueous ligand protonation constants and Tb(III) and Eu(III) formation constants were determined from solution thermodynamic studies. The resulting values indicate that at physiological pH the Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes of H(2,2)-IAM-MOE and H(4,2)-IAM-MOE are sufficiently stable to prevent dissociation at nanomolar concentrations. The photophysical measurements for the Tb(III) complexes gave overall quantum yield values of 0.56, 0.39, and 0.52 respectively for the complexes with H(2,2)-IAM-MOE, H(3,2)-IAM-MOE, and H(4,2)-IAM-MOE, while the corresponding Eu(III) complexes displayed significantly weaker luminescence, with quantum yield values of 0.0014, 0.0015, and 0.0058, respectively. Analysis of the steady state Eu(III) emission spectra provides insight into the solution symmetries of the complexes. The combined solubility, stability, and photophysical performance of the Tb(III) complexes in particular make them well suited to serve as the luminescent reporter group in high sensitivity time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays. C1 [Samuel, Amanda P. S.; Moore, Evan G.; Melchior, Marco; Xu, Jide; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Samuel, Amanda P. S.; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu FU NIH [HL69832]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CHI1231] FX This research was partially supported by NIH (Grant HL69832) and supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CHI1231. The University of California patents for this technology are exclusively licensed to Lumiphore, Inc., in which some of the authors have a financial interest. We thank Dr. Stephane Petoud for his prior contributions to these studies. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 17 BP 7535 EP 7544 DI 10.1021/ic800328g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 341JD UT WOS:000258709500016 PM 18671388 ER PT J AU Jude, H Rein, FN White, PS Dattelbaum, DM Rocha, RC AF Jude, Hershel Rein, Francisca N. White, Peter S. Dattelbaum, Dana M. Rocha, Reginaldo C. TI Synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of a dimer of Ru(bpy)(2) doubly bridged by methoxide and pyrazolate SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TO-DELOCALIZED TRANSITION; MIXED-VALENCE SYSTEMS; RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; INTERVALENCE-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; CHARGE-TRANSFER; REDOX ACTIVITY; CO-LIGANDS AB The heterobridged dinuclear complex cis,cis-[(bpy)(2)Ru(mu-OCH(3))(mu-pyz) Ru(bpy)(2)](2+) (1; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; pyz = pyrazolate) was synthesized and isolated as a hexafluorophosphate salt. Its molecular structure was fully characterized by X-ray crystallography, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry. The compound 1 center dot(PF(6))(2) (C(44)H(38)F(12)N(10)OP(2)Ru(2)) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 13.3312(4) angstrom, b = 22.5379(6) angstrom, c = 17.2818(4) angstrom, beta = 99.497(2)degrees, V = 5121.3(2) angstrom(3), and Z = 4. The meso diastereoisomeric form was exclusively found in the crystal structure, although the NMR spectra clearly demonstrated the presence of two stereoisomers in solution (rac and meso forms at approximately 1:1 ratio). The electronic properties of the complex in acetonitrile were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis and NIR-IR spectroelectrochemistries. The stepwise oxidation of the Ru(II)-Ru(II) complex into the mixed-valent Ru(II)-Ru(III) and fully oxidized Ru(III)-Ru(III) states is fully reversible on the time scale of the in situ (spectro)electrochemical measurements. The mixed-valent species displays strong electronic coupling, as evidenced by the large splitting between the redox potentials for the Ru(III)/Ru(II) couples (Delta E(1/2) = 0.62 V; K(c) = 3 x 10(10)) and the appearance of an intervalence transfer (IT) band at 1490 nm that is intense, narrow, and independent of solvent. Whereas this salient band in the NIR region originates primarily from highest-energy of the three IT transitions predicted for Ru(Il)-Ru(III) systems, a weaker absorption band corresponding to the lowest-energy IT transition was clearly evidenced in the IR region (approximate to 3200 cm(-1)). The observation of totally coalesced vibrational peaks in the 1400-1650 cm(-1) range for a set of five bpy spectator vibrations in Ru(II)-Ru(III) relative to Ru(II)-Ru(II) and Ru(III)-Ru(III) provided evidence for rapid electron transfer and valence averaging on the picosecond time scale. Other than a relatively short Ru center dot center dot center dot Ru distance (3.72 angstrom for the crystalline Ru(II)-Ru(II) complex), the extensive communication between metal centers is attributed mostly to the pi-donor ability of the bridging ligands (pyz, OMe) combined with the pi-acceptor ability of the peripheral (bpy) ligands. C1 [Dattelbaum, Dana M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [White, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jude, Hershel; Rocha, Reginaldo C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rein, Francisca N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Appl Spect CPCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dattelbaum, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM danadat@lanl.gov; rcrocha@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) program at LANL. The technical assistance of Dr. R. Michalczyk (NMR) and Dr. S. Iyer (mass spectrometry) is orratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 17 BP 7695 EP 7702 DI 10.1021/ic800719u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 341JD UT WOS:000258709500034 PM 18652451 ER PT J AU Ingram, KIM Tassell, MJ Gaunt, AJ Kaltsoyannis, N AF Ingram, Kieran I. M. Tassell, Matthew J. Gaunt, Andrew J. Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas TI Covalency in the f element-chalcogen bond. Computational studies of M[N(EPR(2))(2)](3) (M = La, Ce, Pr, Pm, Eu, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm; E = O, S, Se, Te; R = H, (i)Pr, Ph) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; SEGMENTED CONTRACTION SCHEME; PSEUDOPOTENTIAL BASIS-SETS; TRIVALENT ACTINIDE; LANTHANIDE CATIONS; ORBITAL METHODS; DONOR LIGAND; COMPLEXES; LCAO C1 [Ingram, Kieran I. M.; Tassell, Matthew J.; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Gaunt, Andrew J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaltsoyannis, N (reprint author), UCL, Dept Chem, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, England. EM n.kaltsoyannis@ucl.ac.uk OI Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas/0000-0003-0293-5742 NR 38 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 17 BP 7824 EP 7833 DI 10.1021/ic800835k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 341JD UT WOS:000258709500048 PM 18656915 ER PT J AU Anderson, TM Alam, TM Rodriguez, MA Bixler, JN Xu, WQ Parise, JB Nyman, M AF Anderson, Travis M. Alam, Todd M. Rodriguez, Mark A. Bixler, Joel N. Xu, Wenqian Parise, John B. Nyman, May TI Cupric siliconiobate. Synthesis and solid-state studies of a pseudosandwich-type heteropolyanion SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; NIOBIUM OXIDE CATALYSTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; LINDQVIST ION; NIOBATES; HEXANIOBATE; EQUILIBRIA; COMPLEXES AB The Na(+) and [Cu(en)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) (en = ethylenediamine) salt of a pseudosandwich-type heteropolyniobate forms upon prolonged heating of Cu(NO(3))(2) and hydrated Na(14)[(SiOH)(2)Si(2)Nb(16)O(54)] in a mixed water-en solution. The structure [a = 14.992(2) angstrom, b = 25.426(4) angstrom, c = 30.046(4) angstrom, orthorhombic, Pnn2, R1 = 6.04%, based on 25869 unique reflections] consists of two [Na(SiOH)(2)Si(2)Nb(16)O(54)](13)- units linked by six sodium cations, and this sandwich is charge-balanced by five [Cu(en)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) complexes, seven protons, and three additional sodium atoms (all per a sandwich-type cluster). Diffuse-reflectance UV-vis indicates that there is a lambda(max) at 383 nm for the Cu(II) d-d transition and the (29)Si MAS NMR spectrum has two peaks at -78.2 ppm (151 Hz) and -75.5 ppm (257 Hz) for the two pairs of symmetry-equivalent internal [SiO(4)](4-) and external [SiO(3)(OH)](3-) tetrahedra, respectively. Unlike tungsten-based sandwich-type complexes, the [Na(SiOH)(2)Si(2)Nb(16)O(54)](13-) units are linked exclusively by Na(+) instead of one or more d-electron metals. C1 [Anderson, Travis M.; Alam, Todd M.; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Bixler, Joel N.; Nyman, May] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Xu, Wenqian; Parise, John B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem & Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov RI Xu, Wenqian/M-5906-2013 FU NSF [DMR-0800415]; U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0087817]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX The Sandia authors thank the Sandia National Laboratories' Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program for funding, and WX and J.B.P. acknowledge support from the NSF through Grant DMR-0800415. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Co., for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under Grant CHE-0087817. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 17 BP 7834 EP 7839 DI 10.1021/ic800860q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 341JD UT WOS:000258709500049 PM 18671387 ER PT J AU Buchheit, AA Fahrenholtz, WG Hilmas, GE Deason, DM Wang, H AF Buchheit, Andrew A. Fahrenholtz, William G. Hilmas, Greg E. Deason, Doug M. Wang, H. TI Thermal properties of a reaction hot pressed Mo <= 5Si3C <= 1 ceramic SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; thermal properties; reaction synthesis ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SIC-MO-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-5SI3C-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1 COMPOSITES; PHASE; BEHAVIOR AB Mo <= 5Si3C <= 1 was produced via reaction hot pressing. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed c-axis crystallographic orientation in the hot pressing direction. The orientation, combined with the inherent thermal expansion anisotropy of the structure, led to preferential microcracking and an overall anisotropic thermal expansion in hot pressed ceramics. Thermal conductivity was calculated for temperatures ranging from - 120 to 500 degrees C from measured heat capacity and thermal diffusivity. Over that range, thermal conductivity increased from similar to 9.5 to similar to 21.5 W/m K. Electrical resistivity measurements allowed the separation of electrical and phononic contributions and revealed that the thermal conductivity of Mo <= 5Si3C <= 1 was dominated by electron transport. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buchheit, Andrew A.; Fahrenholtz, William G.; Hilmas, Greg E.] Univ Missouri Rolla, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Deason, Doug M.] USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Wang, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchheit, AA (reprint author), Coorstek Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM abuchheit@coorstek.com RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 FU Army Space and Missile Defense Command [BAA DASG60-00-0005]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Energy [AC05000OR22725]; Areas of National Need (GAANN) FX This work was Supported by the Army Space and Missile Defense Command under grant number BAA DASG60-00-0005 and in part by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by the UT-Battelle LLC, for the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05000OR22725. Financial support for A. Buchheit was provided by the Department of Education under the Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship. The authors would also like to thank Ms. Jennifer Gilmore for technical assistance. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1047 EP 1052 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.04.021 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357LS UT WOS:000259847900001 ER PT J AU Tang, ZH Williams, JJ Thom, AJ Akinc, M AF Tang, Zhihong Williams, Jason J. Thom, Andrew J. Akinc, Mufit TI High temperature oxidation behavior of Ti5Si3-based intermetallics SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium silicide; corrosion behavior; oxidation; alloy design ID TITANIUM SILICIDE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-EXPANSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; RESISTANCE; ADDITIONS; SYSTEM; ALLOY AB The isothermal oxidation behavior of binary and ternary Ti5Si3 alloy was investigated at 1000 degrees C in oxygen and nitrogen-containing atmospheres. Several critical issues regarding oxidation of Ti5Si3 at elevated temperatures, including effect of Si, N, and C contents, were examined. Although Ti5Si3 within the homogeneity range can form silica-containing scale in pure oxygen upon high temperature exposure, only Si-rich composition is oxidatively stable in air. Presence of N-2 in the atmosphere alters the oxidation behavior of Ti5Si3 at elevated temperature by nucleation and growth of nitride subscale, which prevents the formation of protective silica layer and leads to an accelerated degradation. The initial formation of silica by either pre-oxidation or employing Si-rich composition (i.e. Ti5Si3.2) inhibits the nucleation and growth of nitride subscale, and enhance the oxidation resistance of Ti5Si3 in nitrogen-containing atmosphere at elevated temperatures. C-doped alloys (i.e. Ti5Si3C0.5 and Ti5Si2.8C0.5) possess excellent oxidation resistance in both pure oxygen and in nitrogen-containing atmospheres partially due to increased activity of Si relative to Ti which favors the formation of SiO2 and inhibits the nitride formation beneath the oxide scale. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Akinc, Mufit] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This manuscript has been authored, in whole OF in part, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, World-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1118 EP 1124 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.06.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357LS UT WOS:000259847900011 ER PT J AU Tang, ZH Thom, AJ Kramer, MJ Akinc, M AF Tang, Zhihong Thom, Andrew J. Kramer, M. J. Akinc, Mufit TI Characterization and oxidation behavior of silicide coating on multiphase Mo-Si-B alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; multiphase intermetallics; oxidation; diffusion; coatings, intermetallic and otherwise ID DOPED MOLYBDENUM SILICIDES; DEGREES-C; WET AIR; INTERMETALLICS; GROWTH; SYSTEM; DIFFUSION; STABILITY; MO5SI3; MOSI2 AB Mo-ss-based Mo-Si-B multiphase alloys possess improved fracture toughness Compared to its singlephase silicide counterparts (MoSi2, Mo5Si3 or Mo5SiB2) without sacrifying high temperature strength, but they degrade rapidly in an oxidizing environment at elevated temperature. In the present study, an MoSi2 coating was applied to protect the Mo-ss-based alloy from high temperature oxidation via pack cementation. A boron-modified MoSi2 coating was also produced in an attempt to enhance the oxidation resistance of MoSi2 coating via co-deposition of B and Si, or using a two-step process. Isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests on coated Mo-12Si-8B (at.%) alloy were performed at 1100 degrees C and 1600 degrees C, respectively up to 200 h. The MoSi2 coating provides enough protection from oxidation in both static and cyclic conditions at 1100 degrees C, while at 1600 degrees C it degraded after 10 h by forming less protective T1 (Mo5Si3Bx) phase via interdiffusion between coating and substrate. The coating lifetime of MoSi2 was limited by the Si depletion due to diffusion into substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Zhihong; Kramer, M. J.; Akinc, Mufit] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tang, Zhihong; Kramer, M. J.; Akinc, Mufit] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thom, Andrew J.] Medtron Energy & Component Ctr, Brooklyn Ctr, MN 55430 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, 2220L Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This manuscript has been authored, in whole or in part, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1125 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.06.014 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357LS UT WOS:000259847900012 ER PT J AU Pilat, JF AF Pilat, Joseph F. TI NATO nuclear forces and the new nuclear threats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Pilat, Joseph F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Directors Off, Washington, DC USA. [Pilat, Joseph F.] Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pilat, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Directors Off, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN INST INT AFFAIRS PI TORONTO PA 205 RICHMOND STREET WEST, STE 302, TORONTO, ONTARIO M5V 1V3, CANADA SN 0020-7020 J9 INT J JI Int. J. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 63 IS 4 PG 18 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA V19CY UT WOS:000208051700005 ER PT J AU Soltanali, S Hagani, ZS Yaftabadi, MP AF Soltanali, S. Hagani, Z. Shams Yaftabadi, M. Pazouki TI Economic evaluation for air pollution control technologies selection in power plants processes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental engineering group; environmental costing model; equipment costs; life cycle assessment; external cost ID SUSTAINABILITY AB Air quality legislation is entering a transformation phase, shifting the concept of atmospheric emission control towards pollution prevention and emission minimization through a more integrated approach. This transformation, along with public pressure and increased foreign trade, is providing industries with incentives to consider their effect on the environment and to take action where required. To assist industries in determining what air pollution control technologies are best suited to power plants; an assessment of air pollution control technologies used in other countries was carried out. This assessment concluded that the best available technologies for power plants to control air emissions are electrostatic precipitators, low-NO(x) burners, selective catalytic reduction systems and wet flue gas desulphurization (limestone) systems. An assessment of the financial effects associated with air pollution control at power plants was conducted by completing a cost analysis. This analysis demonstrated that by increasing capital expenditure oil control technologies by US$0.25 billion, the external costs associated with producing electricity can be reduced by almost US$ 0.5 billion. Formulation of external cost factors and the development of a software database for the information obtained from the different countries, will promote future technology selections. C1 [Hagani, Z. Shams] Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Sci & Res Branch, Tehran, Iran. [Soltanali, S.] Univ Tehran, Fac Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Tehran, Iran. [Yaftabadi, M. Pazouki] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yaftabadi, M. Pazouki] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hagani, ZS (reprint author), Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Sci & Res Branch, Tehran, Iran. EM sssoltan@gmail.com; zgshams@gmail.com; m.yaftabadi@gmail.com NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU CTR ENVIRONMENT & ENERGY RESEARCH & STUDIES PI TEHRAN PA IAU, GRADUATE SCH ENVIRONMENT & ENERGY, SCIENCE & RESEARCH CAMPUS, PO BOX 14515-775, TEHRAN, 00000, IRAN SN 1735-1472 J9 INT J ENVIRON SCI TE JI Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 555 EP 564 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 348GJ UT WOS:000259198700015 ER PT J AU Haji-Sheikh, A Amos, DE Beck, JV AF Haji-Sheikh, A. Amos, Donald E. Beck, J. V. TI Axial heat conduction in a moving semi-infinite fluid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; moving boundary; axial conduction; slug flow; thermal entrance ID DEVELOPING FORCED-CONVECTION; GRAETZ PROBLEM; 2-DIMENSIONAL WALL; POROUS-MEDIUM; TEMPERATURE; CHANNEL; MEDIA AB This paper considers the steady state conduction of heat from a wall to a fluid moving at a uniform velocity. The wall is heated by a step change in temperature. Although this appears to be a classical heat conduction problem, its application to various convective heat transfer problems is new. The mathematical procedure leads to the computation of the temperature field and the heat transfer coefficient. In the presence of a step change in the wall temperature, it is shown that the Stanton number is a function of the Peclet number alone. The acquired analytical results show that, near the thermal entrance location, heat conduction dominates and the local heat flux becomes independent of velocity. This phenomenon applies to classical convection problems in various-shaped ducts. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haji-Sheikh, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Amos, Donald E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Beck, J. V.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Haji-Sheikh, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM haji@uta.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 19-20 BP 4651 EP 4658 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.01.025 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 354QR UT WOS:000259654600006 ER PT J AU Beck, JV Wright, NT Haji-Sheikh, A Cole, KD Amos, DE AF Beck, James V. Wright, Neil T. Haji-Sheikh, A. Cole, Kevin D. Amos, Donald E. TI Conduction in rectangular plates with boundary temperatures specified SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat conduction; analytical solutions; improved convergence; plates ID HEAT-CONDUCTION; SLAB AB Steady-state components of heat conduction solutions may have very slowly convergent series for temperatures and non-convergent heat fluxes for temperature boundary conditions. Previous papers have proposed methods to remove these convergence problems. However, even more effective procedures based oil insights of Morse and Feshbach are given herein. In some cases it is possible to replace poorly-convergent or non-convergent series by closed-form algebraic solutions. Examples are given. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, James V.; Wright, Neil T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Haji-Sheikh, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Cole, Kevin D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Scott Engn Ctr N104, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Amos, Donald E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beck, JV (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2555 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM beck@msu.edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 51 IS 19-20 BP 4676 EP 4690 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.02.020 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 354QR UT WOS:000259654600008 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, RK Peng, JK AF Ahluwalia, R. K. Peng, J. K. TI Dynamics of cryogenic hydrogen storage in insulated pressure vessels for automotive applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic hydrogen storage; Cryo-compressed hydrogen AB A dynamic model is used to characterize cryogenic H-2 storage in an insulated pressure vessel that can flexibly hold liquid H-2 and compressed H-2 at 350 bar. A double-flow refueling device is needed to ensure that the tank can be consistently refueled to its theoretical capacity regardless of the initial conditions. Liquid H-2 charged into the tank is stored as supercritical fluid if the initial tank temperature is >120 K and as a subcooled liquid if it is <100 K. An in-tank heater is needed to maintain the tank pressure above the minimum delivery pressure. Even if H, is stored as a supercritical fluid. liquid H-2 will form as H-2 is withdrawn and will further transform to a two-phase mixture and ultimately to a superheated gas. The recoverable fraction of the total stored inventory depends on the minimum H-2 delivery pressure and the power rating of the heater. The dormancy of cryogenic H-2 is a function of the maximum allowable pressure and the pressure of stored H-2; the evaporative losses cannot deplete H-2 from the tank beyond 64% of the theoretical storage capacity. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahluwalia, R. K.; Peng, J. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahluwalia, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walia@td.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Argonne National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Dr. Sunita Satyapal of the Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies was the Technology Development Manager for this study. The authors thank Dr. Romesh Kumar of Argonne National Laboratory and Mr. Gene Berry of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for many useful discussions and helpful suggestions.; Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 8 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 33 IS 17 BP 4622 EP 4633 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.05.090 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 358HS UT WOS:000259908300019 ER PT J AU Schefer, RW Houf, WG Williams, TC AF Schefer, R. W. Houf, W. G. Williams, T. C. TI Investigation of small-scale unintended releases of hydrogen: Buoyancy effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Turbulent jets; Buoyancy; Hydrogen leaks ID HIGH-PRESSURE; JETS; BEHAVIOR AB Measurements were performed in small-scale hydrogen leaks to characterize the dimensional properties and flow characteristics of the resulting ignitable hydrogen cloud. The data are intended to provide a technological basis for determining hazardous length scales associated with the formation of ignitable mixtures due to unintended releases. In contrast to a previous study where momentum-dominated releases were considered, the present study focuses on smaller-scale releases at lower flow rates where buoyancy becomes important. A turbulent jet flow is selected as representative of releases in which the leak geometry is circular. Laser-based Rayleigh scattering is used to characterize the hydrogen concentration field downstream of the leak. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is also used to characterize the flow velocity. Time-averaged mean and fluctuating hydrogen concentration statistics are presented and compared with results in momentum-dominated flows to elucidate the effects of buoyancy on the H-2 dispersion process. Over the range of Froude numbers investigated (Fr = 268, 152 and 99), increasing effects of buoyancy are seen as the Fr is reduced and at downstream locations where the influence of buoyancy increases relative to jet momentum. The primary effect of buoyancy is to increase the centerline decay rate of the time-averaged H-2 mass fraction relative to momentum-dominated flows. Acceleration due to buoyancy also results in a slower decay of the time-averaged axial velocity component along the centerline. Radial profiles of the time-averaged H-2 mass fraction also collapse onto the same curves as results in momentum-dominated flows when plotted against the same similarity/scaling variables. While buoyancy is found to have a negligible effect on centerline velocity fluctuations, the maximum H-2 mass fraction fluctuation intensity increases by 70 percent in the buoyant regime and the peak value shifts from the mixing region to the jet centerline. The database presented should provide a good test for the validation of CFD models being developed to predict unintended hydrogen releases under conditions where buoyancy is important. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schefer, R. W.; Houf, W. G.; Williams, T. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schefer, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, 7011 E Ave,Bldg 905,Room 169, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rwsche@sandia.gov RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 FU United States Department of Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program under the Codes and Standards subprogram element managed by Antonio Ruiz. Sandia is operated by the Sandia Corporation, a Lockeed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 33 IS 17 BP 4702 EP 4712 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.05.091 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 358HS UT WOS:000259908300029 ER PT J AU Bono, MJ Kroll, JJ AF Bono, Matthew J. Kroll, Jeremy J. TI Tool setting on a B-axis rotary table of a precision lathe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE tool setting; precision lathe; rotary table; B-axis; diamond turning ID CUTTING-TOOL AB A method has been developed for setting a single-point cutting tool on the axis of rotation of a B-axis rotary table on a precision lathe. The method requires that three grooves be machined in the face of a workpiece with the B-axis set at three different angles. The depths of each of the grooves are then measured, and the measured values are used to calculate the tool offset vector. Experiments on a four-axis diamond turning machine have verified the precision of this method. This method has a significant advantage over commercially available touch probe tool set stations, because touch probes are well known to damage the cutting edges of fragile tools, such as single-point diamond tools with a small nose radius and a large primary clearance angle. The method developed in this study does not subject the cutting edge of the tool to any stress beyond that of its intended purpose of machining workpiece material. Therefore, this method can be used to set extremely fragile single-point cutting tools without the risk of damaging the tools. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bono, Matthew J.; Kroll, Jeremy J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bono, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bono1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1261 EP 1267 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2008.03.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 326EQ UT WOS:000257641500009 ER PT J AU Germann, TC Kadau, K AF Germann, Timothy C. Kadau, Kai TI TRILLION-ATOM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS BECOMES A REALITY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics; BlueGene/L; high performance computing; SPaSM; large-scale; trillion-atom; visualization ID SHOCK-WAVES; SIMULATIONS; SCALE; PARTICLES; VIEW AB By utilizing the molecular dynamics code SPaSM on Livermore's BlueGene/L architecture, consisting of 212992 IBM PowerPC440 700 MHz processors, a molecular dynamics simulation was run with one trillion atoms. To demonstrate the practicality and future potential of such ultra large-scale simulations, the onset of the mechanical shear instability occurring in a system of Lennard-Jones particles arranged in a simple cubic lattice was simulated. The evolution of the instability was analyzed on-the-fly using the in-house developed massively parallel graphical object-rendering code MD-render. C1 [Germann, Timothy C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Germann, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tcg@lanl.gov; kkadau@lanl.gov OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors would like to thank Peter S. Lomdahl and David Beazley for initiating and pursuing the SPaSM project and for many interesting discussions and support. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, with funding by the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 25 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1315 EP 1319 DI 10.1142/S0129183108012911 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 363LZ UT WOS:000260270100001 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Park, YW Chung, HD Choi, YH Majumdar, S AF Lee, J. H. Park, Y. W. Chung, H. D. Choi, Y. H. Majumdar, S. TI Investigation on behavior of trapezoidal through-wall cracks under constant pressure loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Asian-Society-for-Integrity-of-Nuclear-Components CY 2006 CL Kenting, TAIWAN SP Asian Soc Integr Nucl Components DE trapezoidal crack; crack initiation; stress corrosion crack; stress intensity factor; steam generator tube integrity AB In general, a crack found in a steam generator tube has an elliptical shape, and as soon as it penetrates through the wall, it is assumed to be rectangular for conservatism. However, the leak and crack growth behavior have not been clearly understood after the elliptical crack penetrates the tube wall. One steam generator tube failure showed the tube rupture behavior without any significant prior indication. Several experiments using steam generator tubes with a trapezoidal crack were performed under constant pressure loading by Argonne National Laboratory and exhibited crack growth behavior much faster than expected. It has been found to be caused by time-dependent fatigue crack growth. No K, solution is available for a trapezoidal crack which can be used for fatigue crack growth analysis. The objective of this study is, therefore, to develop a new K, solution for a trapezoidal crack using FEM. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, J. H.; Park, Y. W.; Chung, H. D.; Choi, Y. H.] Korea Inst Nucl Safety, Taejon 305338, South Korea. [Majumdar, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Korea Inst Nucl Safety, 19 Kusong, Taejon 305338, South Korea. EM peacelee@kins.re.kr NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-0161 J9 INT J PRES VES PIP JI Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 85 IS 9 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2008.04.006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 331YZ UT WOS:000258049900005 ER PT J AU Forsythe, C Dixon, KR Hagemann, K Basilico, J Rothe, S Schrauf, M Kincses, WE AF Forsythe, C. Dixon, K. R. Hagemann, K. Basilico, J. Rothe, S. Schrauf, M. Kincses, W. E. TI EEG- and context-based cognitive-state classifications lead to improved team performance in a vehicle crew SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th World Congress of Psychophysiology the Olympics of the Brain CY SEP 08-13, 2008 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Int Org Psychophysiol C1 [Forsythe, C.; Dixon, K. R.; Basilico, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hagemann, K.; Rothe, S.; Schrauf, M.; Kincses, W. E.] Daimler Benz AG, Res Grp, Sindelfingen, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 143 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.350 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 336VU UT WOS:000258393700022 ER PT J AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Pecharsky, V. K. TI Thirty years of near room temperature magnetic cooling: Where we are today and future prospects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Review DE magnetic refrigerator; survey; technology; history ID NI-MN-GA; MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIALS; ENTROPY CHANGE; REFRIGERATION; TRANSITION; PERFORMANCE; SINGLE; REGENERATION; GD-5(SI2GE2); COMPOUND AB The seminal study by Brown in 1976 showed that it was possible to use the magnetocaloric effect to produce a substantial cooling effect near room temperature. About 15 years later Green et al. built a device which actually cooled a load other than the magnetocaloric material itself and the heat exchange fluid. The major breakthrough, however, occurred in 1997 when the Ames Laboratory/Astronautics proof-of-principle refrigerator showed that magnetic refrigeration was competitive with conventional gas compression cooling. Since then, over 25 magnetic cooling units have been built and tested throughout the world. The current status of near room temperature magnetic cooling is reviewed, including a discussion of the major problems facing commercialization and potential solutions thereof. The future outlook for this revolutionary technology is discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 [Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-70-CH11358]; Astronautics Corp. of America FX Some aspects of this work were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-70-CH11358, and other portions by Astronautics Corp. of America under various CRADAs and Work for Others contracts. The authors wish to thank Steve Russek, and Carl Zimm (Astronautics Corporation of America) and Ekkes Bruck (University of Amsterdam) for their comments; and A. Poredos and A. Sarlah (University of Ljubljana) for providing unpublished information about their magnetic refrigerator. We also wish to acknowledge the following for granting permission to use their figures/photographs: Peter Campbell (Consultant), D.W. Lu (Nanjing University), T. Okamura (Tokyo Institute of Technology), A. Rowe (University of Victoria), and W. Wu (Sichuan Institute of Technology). NR 94 TC 286 Z9 288 U1 11 U2 109 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 EI 1879-2081 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD SEP PY 2008 VL 31 IS 6 BP 945 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.01.004 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 357LN UT WOS:000259847400002 ER PT J AU Guglielmi, Y Cappa, F Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF Thoraval, A AF Guglielmi, Y. Cappa, F. Rutqvist, J. Tsang, C. -F. Thoraval, A. TI Mesoscale characterization of coupled hydromechanical behavior of a fractured-porous slope in response to free water-surface movement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fracture; rock slope; mesoscale; in situ poroelastic measurements; hydromechanics; numerical modeling; tiltmeter monitoring; damage ID NORMAL STRESS; JOINT DEFORMATION; ROCK FRACTURE; SOUTHERN ALPS; FLOW; LANDSLIDE; FRANCE; STIFFNESS; PRESSURE; FAILURE AB To better understand the role of groundwater-level changes on rock-slope deformation and damage, a carbonate rock slope (30m x 30m x 15 m) was extensively instrumented for mesoscale hydraulic and mechanical measurements during water-level changes. The slope is naturally drained by a spring that can be artificially closed or opened by a water gate. In this study, a 2-h slope-dewatering experiment was analyzed. Changes influid pressure and deformation were simultaneously monitored, both at discontinuities and in the intact rock, using short-base extensometers and pressure gauges as well as tiltmeters fixed at the slope surface. Field data were analyzed with different coupled hydromechanical (HM) codes (ROCMAS, FLAC(3D), and UDEC). Field data indicate that, in the faults, a 40 kPa pressure fall occurs in 2 min and induces a 0.5-31 x 10(-6) m normal closure. Pressure fall is slower in the bedding-planes, lasting 120 min, with no normal deformation. No pressure change or deformation is observed in the intact rock. The slope surface displays a complex tilt towards the interior of the slope, with magnitudes ranging from 0.6 to 15 x 10(-6) rad. Close agreement with model for both slope surface and internal measurements is obtained when a high variability in slope-element properties is introduced into the models, with normal stiffnesses of k(n_faults) = 10(-3) x k(n_bedding-planes) and permeabilities of k(h_faults) x 10(3) x k(h_bedding-planes). A nonlinear correlation between hydraulic and mechanical discontinuity properties is proposed and related to discontinuity damage. A parametric study shows that 90% of slope deformation depends on HM effects in a few highly permeable and highly deformable discontinuities located in the basal, saturated part of the slope while the remaining 10% is related to elasto-plastic deformations in the low-permeability discontinuities induced by complex stress/strain transfers from the high-permeability zones. The periodicity and magnitude of free water-surface movements cause 10-20% variations in those local stress/strain accumulations related to the contrasting HM behavior for high- and low-permeability elements of the slope. Finally, surface-tilt monitoring coupled with internal localized pressure/deformation measurements appears to be a promising method for characterizing the HM properties and behavior of a slope, and for detecting its progressive destabilization. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Guglielmi, Y.; Cappa, F.] Geosci Azur, CNRS UNSA IRD UPMC, Sophia Antipolis, France. [Cappa, F.; Rutqvist, J.; Tsang, C. -F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thoraval, A.] Ecole Mines, INERIS, F-54042 Nancy, France. RP Guglielmi, Y (reprint author), Geosci Azur, CNRS UNSA IRD UPMC, Sophia Antipolis, France. EM guglielmi@geoazur.unice.fr RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015; Cappa, Frederic/B-4014-2017 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785; Cappa, Frederic/0000-0003-4859-8024 NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 862 EP 878 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.09.010 PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 315VA UT WOS:000256907100003 ER PT J AU Xia, K Nasseri, MHB Mohanty, B Lu, F Chen, R Luo, SN AF Xia, K. Nasseri, M. H. B. Mohanty, B. Lu, F. Chen, R. Luo, S. N. TI Effects of microstructures on dynamic compression of Barre granite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Barre granite; microstructures; anisotropy; dynamic compression; SHPB ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; PULSE-SHAPING TECHNIQUES; STRESS AB The distribution and characteristics of microstructures (microcrack and grain) of Barre granite (BG) were investigated, and three orthogonal weak planes associated with the preferred orientations of microcracks were identified. It has been demonstrated that both the fracture toughness and the longitudinal wave speed depend on the direction of these weak planes. In this study, disk samples cut from one BG block are prepared for split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. The axial directions of the samples are chosen to be parallel to the preferred direction of microcracks and the samples are grouped and denoted by Y (lowest P-wave velocity), Z (highest P-wave velocity), and X (intermediate P-wave velocity). Pulse-shaper technique is adopted to achieve equilibrium of dynamic stresses on both ends of the sample and constant strain rate during the dynamic loading. For samples within the same orientation group, the maximum stress achieved shows clear strain-rate sensitivity. The effect of microcracks on the dynamic compressive response of BG depends on the strain rate for a fixed loading duration (similar to 230 mu s). For low strain-rate loading (similar to 70 s(-1)) and high strain-rate loading (similar to 130 s(-1)), the maximum dynamic stress achieved is not sensitive to the microcrack orientation; for intermediate strain rate (similar to 100 s(-1)) loading, the maximum achieved stress for Y-samples is the largest. In addition, three dynamic compressive rock failure modes are identified: quasielastic, cracked, and fragmented. The correlation between the failure modes and the shape of the stress-strain curves is discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xia, K.; Nasseri, M. H. B.; Mohanty, B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. [Lu, F.; Chen, R.] Natl Univ Def Technol, Inst Tech Phys, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Luo, S. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xia, K (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. EM kaiwen@ecf.utoronto.ca RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 NR 13 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 879 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.09.013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 315VA UT WOS:000256907100004 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Bishop, AR Dalvit, DAR Shlyapnikov, GV Tarkhanov, N Timmermans, EM AF Berman, G. P. Bishop, A. R. Dalvit, D. A. R. Shlyapnikov, G. V. Tarkhanov, N. Timmermans, E. M. TI On the stability of a quantum dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a one-dimensional toroidal geometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Gross-Pitaevskii equation; repulsive interaction; attractive interaction; singular perturbation ID COLLAPSE; SYSTEMS; NUMBER; GAS AB We rigorously analyze the stability of the "quasi-classical" dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive and attractive interactions, trapped in an effective 1D toroidal geometry. The "classical" dynamics, which corresponds to the Gross-Pitaevskii mean field theory, is stable in the case of repulsive interaction, and unstable (under some conditions) in the case of attractive interaction. The corresponding quantum dynamics for observables is described by using a closed system of linear partial differential equations. In both cases of stable and unstable quasi-classical dynamics the quantum effects represent a singular perturbation to the quasi-classical solutions, and are described by the terms in these equations which consist of a small quasi-classical parameter which multiplies high-order "spatial" derivatives. We demonstrate that as a result of the quantum singularity for observables a convergence of quantum solutions to the corresponding classical solutions exists only for limited times, and estimate the characteristic time-scales of the convergence. C1 [Tarkhanov, N.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Math, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Dalvit, D. A. R.; Timmermans, E. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Berman, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Simulat & Computat Directorate, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shlyapnikov, G. V.] Univ Paris 11, Lab Phys Theor & Modeles Stat, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Tarkhanov, N (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Math, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. EM gpb@lanl.gov; arb@lanl.gov; dalvit@lanl.gov; shlyapn@ipno.in2p3.fr; shlyapn@ipno.in2p3.fr; eddy@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7748 J9 INT J THEOR PHYS JI Int. J. Theor. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2393 EP 2408 DI 10.1007/s10773-008-9673-6 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 335GC UT WOS:000258277800022 ER PT J AU Sherman, MH AF Sherman, Max H. TI Multizone Age-of-Air Analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VENTILATION LA English DT Article DE multizone; ventilation; air exchange rate; indoor air quality; age-of-air AB Age-of-air is a technique for evaluating ventilation that has been actively used for over 20 years. Age-of-air quantifies the time it takes for an elemental volume of outdoor air to reach a particular location or zone within the indoor environment. Age-of-air is often also used to quantify the ventilation effectiveness with respect to indoor air quality. In a purely single zone situation this use of age-of-air is straightforward, but application of age-of-air techniques in the general multizone environment has not been fully developed. This article looks at expanding those single-zone techniques to the more complicated environment of multizone buildings and in doing so develops further the general concept of age-of-air. The results of this analysis show that the nominal age-of-air, as often used, cannot be directly used for determining ventilation effectiveness unless specific assumptions are made regarding source distributions. The results herein will allow improved accuracy of age-of-air calculations in complex environments. The link between local age-of-air and ventilation effectiveness is hereby improved and the ability to use age-of-air measurement to estimate distribution effectiveness is increased. Use of these results will improve the design of future measurement efforts using tracer gases in multizone environments. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sherman, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. FU Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU VEETECH LTD PI CONVENTRY PA 7A BARCLAYS VENTURE CENTRE, UNIV WARWICK SCI PARK, SIR WILLIAM LYONS RD, CONVENTRY, CV4 7EZ, ENGLAND SN 1473-3315 J9 INT J VENT JI Int. J. Vent. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA V12GB UT WOS:000207586600006 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Li, F Li, H Rizy, DT Kueck, JD AF Xu, Y. Li, F. Li, H. Rizy, D. T. Kueck, J. D. TI Using Distributed Energy Resources to Supply Reactive Power for Dynamic Voltage Regulation SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING-IREE LA English DT Article DE Distributed Energy Resources; Instantaneous Power Theory; PI Control; Power Electronic Interface; Voltage Regulation ID GENERATION AB Distributed energy (DE) resources are power sources located near load centers and equipped with power electronics converters to interface with the grid, therefore it is feasible for DE to provide reactive power (along with active power) locally for dynamic voltage regulation. In this paper, a synchronous condenser and a DE source with an inverter interface are implemented in parallel in a distribution system to regulate the local voltage. Developed voltage control schemes for the inverter and the synchronous condenser are presented Experimental results show that both the inverter and the synchronous condenser can regulate the local voltage instantaneously although the dynamic response of the inverter is much faster than the synchronous condenser. In a system with multiple DEs performing local voltage regulation, the interaction of multiple DE at different locations under different load levels may have an impact to the control parameter setting for each individual DE control system. Future research is needed to find out the interaction of DEs to identify the optimal control parameter settings with the consideration of many factors such as system configuration, load variation, and so on. Copyright (C) 2008 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Y.; Rizy, D. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Li, F.; Li, H.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, F.] ABB, R&D, Raleigh, NC USA. [Li, H.] Shanghai Sieyuan Elect Co, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Rizy, D. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, DECC, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRAISE WORTHY PRIZE SRL PI NAPOLI PA PIAZZA G D ANNUNZIO, NAPOLI, 15-I80125, ITALY SN 1827-6660 J9 INT REV ELECTR ENG-I JI Int. Rev. Electr. Eng.-IREE PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 3 IS 5 BP 795 EP 802 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 423PC UT WOS:000264507200005 ER PT J AU Wang, M Wu, M Huo, H Liu, JH AF Wang, Michael Wu, May Huo, Hong Liu, Jiahong TI Life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emission implications of Brazilian sugarcane ethanol simulated with the GREET model SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE greenhouse gases; life-cycle analysis; sugarcane ethanol; well-to-wheels analysis AB By using data available in the open literature, we expanded the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model developed by Argonne National Laboratory to include Brazilian-grown sugarcane ethanol. With the expanded GREET model, we examined the well-to-wheels (WTW) energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of sugarcane-derived ethanol produced in Brazil and used to fuel light-duty vehicles in the United States. Results for sugarcane ethanol were compared with those for petroleum gasoline. The sugarcane-to-ethanol pathway evaluated in the GREET model comprises fertilizer production, sugarcane farming, sugarcane transportation, and sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil; ethanol transportation to U.S. ports and then to U.S. refueling stations; and ethanol use in vehicles. Our analysis shows that sugarcane ethanol can reduce GHG emissions by 78% and fossil energy use by 97%, relative to petroleum gasoline. The large reductions can be attributed to the use of bagasse in sugarcane mills, among other factors. To address the uncertainties involved in key input parameters, we developed and examined several sensitivity cases to test the effect of key parameters on WTW results for sugarcane ethanol. Of the total GHG emissions associated with sugarcane ethanol, the five major contributors are open-field burning of sugarcane tops and leaves, N2O emissions from sugarcane fields, fertilizer production, sugarcane mill operation, and sugarcane farming. Brazil is going to phase out open-field burning in the future. This action will certainly help further reduce GHG emissions of sugarcane farming, together with reductions in emissions of criteria pollutants such as NOx and particulate matter with diameters smaller than 10 microns. The eventual elimination of open-field burning in sugarcane plantations will result in additional GHG emission reductions by sugarcane ethanol of up to 9 percentage points. C1 [Wang, Michael; Wu, May; Huo, Hong; Liu, Jiahong] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mqwang@anl.gov FU Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies under the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy. Argonne National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.; We thank the following individuals for providing helpful comments on an earlier manuscript: Dr. Issais Macedo of Brazil, Mr. Robert Edwards of the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, and Mr. Vincent Camobreco of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. We also thank the reviewers of this journal for their helpful comments on our draft manuscript. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 24 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1317 BP 527 EP + PG 14 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 348ME UT WOS:000259213800010 ER PT J AU Richter, B AF Richter, Burton TI Reducing proliferation risk SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Richter, Burton] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Richter, B (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM brichter@slac.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 353GD UT WOS:000259553200026 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM de Boer, RJ AF Ribeiro, Ruy M. de Boer, Rob J. TI The contribution of the thymus to the recovery of peripheral naive T-cell numbers during antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; thymus; TREC; mathematical models ID RECEPTOR EXCISION CIRCLE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; EMIGRANTS; THERAPY; BLOOD; TRANSPLANTATION; HOMEOSTASIS; DYNAMICS AB The quantitative contribution of the thymus to the maintenance of peripheral populations of naive T cells is poorly understood. Several new lines of evidence indicate that thymic activity continues into adulthood, albeit at lower levels than in early life, and that this is important for a range of lymphopenic disorders. A measure of thymic activity that is often used is the quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). It has been shown that TREC levels decline after infection with HIV-1 and that they recover to above normal levels after antiretroviral treatment. The reasons for the latter observation are unknown. Here we quantitatively explore different possible causes for supranormal levels of TREC per cell and show that the small total number of cells involved in reconstituting the TREC+ T-cell pool of HIV-1-infected patients suffices to explain the observation. Even the expected small thymic outputs into a strongly depleted naive T-cell peripheral pool lead to a slow transient of elevated levels of TREC per cell. The main biological lesson front our quantitative modeling approach is that middle-aged human thymi continue to produce naive T cells and that this production can be demonstrated by tracking the increase of total TREC numbers (rather than the TREC content). C1 [Ribeiro, Ruy M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [de Boer, Rob J.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Ribeiro, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ruy@lanl.gov RI De Boer, Rob/B-6050-2011 OI De Boer, Rob/0000-0002-2130-691X FU Santa Fe Institute; Dutch Netherlands Organisation [016.048.603]; Human Frontiers Science Program [RGP0010/2004]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Center for Research Resources [P20-RR18754] FX Grant Support: Part of the work was performed at the Santa Fe Institute. R.J. deB. would like to thank the Dutch Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (VICI Grant 016.048.603) and the Human Frontiers Science Program (Grant RGP0010/2004) for financial support. Portions of this work were done under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and R.M.R was supported by Grant P20-RR18754 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318184fb28 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 343IW UT WOS:000258847800001 PM 18667918 ER PT J AU Higuchi, T Hattori, T Sakamoto, W Itoh, N Shimura, T Yogo, T Yao, P Liu, YS Glans, PA Chang, CL Wu, ZY Guo, JH AF Higuchi, Tohru Hattori, Takeshi Sakamoto, Wataru Itoh, Naoyuki Shimura, Tetsuo Yogo, Toshinobu Yao, Peng Liu, Yi-Sheng Glans, Per-Anders Chang, Chinglin Wu, Ziyu Guo, Jinghua TI Effect of Mn substitution for multiferroic BiFeO3 probed by high-resolution soft-X-ray spectroscopy SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Meeting on Ferroelectric Materials and Their Applications (FMA-25) CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE BiFeO3 (BF); Mn-doped BiFeO3[BF(Mn)]; multiferroic; X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES); electronic structure; valence state; electron correlation ID THIN-FILMS; FERROELECTRIC POLARIZATION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; CERAMICS; CRYSTAL AB The electronic structures of BiFeO3 (BF) and Mn-doped BiFeO3 [BF(Mn)] have been studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES). BF and BF(Mn) have a mixed valence state of Fe2+ and Fe3+. Their valence hand is mainly composed of the O 2p state hybridized with the majority-spin t(2g) and e(g) orbitals of Fe 3d state. The Conduction band is composed of the minority-spin t(2g) and e(g) orbitals of Fe 3d. The band gaps of BF and BF(Mn) are estimated to be 1.3 eV and 2.7 eV, respectively. The increasing in band gap with Mn substitution contributes to a change in the handwidth of the valence hand. C1 [Higuchi, Tohru; Hattori, Takeshi] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Sakamoto, Wataru; Itoh, Naoyuki; Shimura, Tetsuo; Yogo, Toshinobu] Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Yao, Peng; Liu, Yi-Sheng; Glans, Per-Anders; Guo, Jinghua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Chinglin] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. [Wu, Ziyu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Higuchi, T (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. RI Higuchi, Tohru/C-6544-2012; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016; OI Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 7570 EP 7573 DI 10.1143/JJAP.47.7570 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 354RX UT WOS:000259657800023 ER PT J AU Daniel, C AF Daniel, Claus TI Materials and processing for lithium-ion batteries SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Lithium-ion battery technology is projected to be the leapfrog technology for the electrification of the drive-train and to provide stationary storage solutions to enable the effective use of renewable energy sources. The technology is already in use for low-power applications such as consumer electronics and power tools. Extensive research and development has enhanced the technology to a stage where it seems very likely that safe and reliable lithium-ion batteries will soon be on board hybrid electric and electric vehicles and connected to solar cells and windmills. However; the safety of the technology is still a concern, service life is not Yet sufficient, and costs are too high. This paper summarizes the state of the art of lithium-ion battery technology for none nonexperts. It lists materials and processing for batteries and summarizes the costs associated with them. This paper should foster an overall understanding of materials and processing and the need to overcome the remaining barriers for a successful market introduction. C1 [Daniel, Claus] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Daniel, Claus] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Daniel, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM danielc@ornl.gov RI Daniel, Claus/A-2060-2008 OI Daniel, Claus/0000-0002-0571-6054 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support from David Howell (Energy Storage R&D Program Manager Vehicle Technologies Program, office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy) and Raymond Boeman (Transportation Program Director Oak Ridge National Loboratory), guidance from Craig Blue, and fruitful discussions with Nancy Dudney and many other colleagues. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, has been sponsored by the Vehicle Technologies Program for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 16 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 10 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD SEP PY 2008 VL 60 IS 9 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0116-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 347EB UT WOS:000259122300006 ER PT J AU Gao, YF Meng, JY Goyal, A Stocks, GM AF Gao, Y. F. Meng, J. Y. Goyal, A. Stocks, G. M. TI Spatial ordering and anisotropy in surface stress domains and nanostructural evolution SO JOM LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DOT SUPERLATTICES; FREE SOLID FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; THIN-FILM; LATERAL CORRELATIONS; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; SUBSTRATE; DRIVEN; STABILITY AB The role of elastic interaction has been well recognized for various growth modes and nanostructural self-organization on solid surfaces. Examples include spontaneous formation of stress domains in reconstructed surfaces or in-phase-separating monolayers, meandering and bunching of surface steps, and quantum dot formation in heteroepitaxial thin film growth. The long-range spatial ordering in these strain-mediated nanostructural evolution phenomena on solid surfaces is critically dependent on the anisotropy. A universal formulation has been developed to examine the energetically favored orientation with respect to parameters that represent the anisotropy in elasticity and applied stress. C1 [Gao, Y. F.; Meng, J. Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Goyal, A.; Stocks, G. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gao, Y. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, YF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ygao7@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD SEP PY 2008 VL 60 IS 9 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0118-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 347EB UT WOS:000259122300008 ER PT J AU Misra, A AF Misra, Amit TI Twinning in nanocrystalline metals SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material ID STRENGTH; COPPER C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD SEP PY 2008 VL 60 IS 9 BP 59 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0119-7 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 347EB UT WOS:000259122300009 ER PT J AU Sriram, V Yang, JM Ye, J Minor, AM AF Sriram, Vinay Yang, Jenn-Ming Ye, Jia Minor, Andrew M. TI Determining the stress required for deformation twinning in nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained copper SO JOM LA English DT Article ID LOW STRAIN-RATE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NANOSCALE TWINS; STRENGTH; NUCLEATION; METALS AB Deformation twinning in nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained materials has attracted much attention in recent Years due to the ability of a high density of twin boundaries to dramatically improve mechanical properties such as yield strength and ductility various processing conditions such as ball milling, cryomilling, electrodeposition, and equi-channel angular extrusion have been used to form deformation twins in metals. Most techniques for estimating the shear stress needed to form deformation twins are based indirectly on the processing conditions. Here, a new method to directly measure the shear stress needed to form twin boundaries through in-situ transmission electron microscopy nanocompression testing will be described. C1 [Sriram, Vinay; Yang, Jenn-Ming] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Ye, Jia; Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ye, Jia; Minor, Andrew M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sriram, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM AMinor@lbl.gov FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by National Science Foundation/Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team 0506841: "Nanostructured Materials for Interconnect and Packaging Technology;" Dr. Ken Chong is the program monitor Research at the National Center for Electron Microscopy was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of the office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD SEP PY 2008 VL 60 IS 9 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0121-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 347EB UT WOS:000259122300011 ER PT J AU Shan, ZW Lu, L Minor, AM Stach, EA Mao, SX AF Shan, Z. W. Lu, L. Minor, A. M. Stach, E. A. Mao, S. X. TI The effect of twin plane spacing on the deformation of copper containing a high density of growth twins SO JOM LA English DT Article ID NANO-SCALE TWINS; NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL; RATE SENSITIVITY; METALS; BOUNDARIES; MECHANISM; AL AB In-situ tensile straining in a transmission electron microscope was used to investigate the role of twin plane spacing on the deformation and fracture mechanism of pure copper containing a high densin: of nanoscale growth twins. Real-time and post-mortem observations clearly reveal that twin plane spacing plays a key role in determining the operative deformation mechanism and therefore the subsequent crack propagation path. The deformation mechanism transition, which results front changes in the twin plane spacing, has implications for interpreting the unusual mechanical behavior of the copper with a high density of nanoscale growth twins. C1 [Shan, Z. W.; Minor, A. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shan, Z. W.; Mao, S. X.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Minor, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lu, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang, Peoples R China. [Stach, E. A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stach, E. A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shan, ZW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zhiweishan@gmail.com RI Lu, Lei/E-3864-2012; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Shan, Zhiwei/B-8799-2014 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD SEP PY 2008 VL 60 IS 9 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0122-z PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 347EB UT WOS:000259122300012 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Anderoglu, O Hoagland, RG Misra, A AF Zhang, X. Anderoglu, O. Hoagland, R. G. Misra, A. TI Nanoscale growth twins in sputtered metal films SO JOM LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE COPPER; GRAIN-GROWTH; DEPOSITION; ALLOYS AB This article reviews recent studies on the mechanical properties of sputtered copper and 330 stainless-steel films with {111} nanoscale growth twins preferentially oriented perpendicular to growth direction. The mechanisms of formation of growth twins during sputtering, unusually high strengths, and excellent thermal stability of nano-twinned structures are highlighted. C1 [Zhang, X.; Anderoglu, O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hoagland, R. G.; Misra, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 3132 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM zhangx@tamu.edu RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013 OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667 FU National Science Foundation-Division of Materials Research [0644835]; US. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX X. Zhang acknowlelges financial support by the National Science Foundation-Division of Materials Research under grant no. 0644835. X. Zhang also acknowledges access to the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Los Alamos National Laboratory through the user program. A. Misra acknowledges support from the US. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Discussions with J.D. Embury, F. Spaepen, and J.P Hirth are acknowledged. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD SEP PY 2008 VL 60 IS 9 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0123-y PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 347EB UT WOS:000259122300013 ER PT J AU Ortiz, JE Shelton, WA Mantic, V Gray, LJ Paris, F AF Ortiz, J. E. Shelton, W. A. Mantic, V. Gray, L. J. Paris, F. TI A parallel domain decomposition BEM algorithm for three-dimensional exponentially graded elasticity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Oahu, HI SP Univ Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Univ Virginia, Fed Univ Rio de Janeiro DE functionally graded material; radially graded material; boundary integral equation; domain decomposition; distributed computing ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; GREENS-FUNCTION; COMPOSITES; INTERFACE; IMPLEMENTATION; FORMULATION; INTERPHASE; MODELS AB A parallel domain decomposition boundary integral algorithm for three-dimensional exponentially graded elasticity has been developed. As this subdomain algorithm allows the grading direction to vary in the structure, geometries arising from practical functionally graded material applications can be handled. Moreover, the boundary integral algorithm scales well with the number of processors, also helping to alleviate the high computational cost of evaluating the Green's functions. For axisymmetric plane strain states in a radially graded material, the numerical results for cylindrical geometries are in excellent agreement with the analytical solution deduced herein. C1 [Ortiz, J. E.; Mantic, V.; Gray, L. J.; Paris, F.] Univ Seville, Grp Elast & Strength Mat, Seville 41092, Spain. [Shelton, W. A.; Gray, L. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ortiz, JE (reprint author), Univ Seville, Grp Elast & Strength Mat, Camino Descubrimientos S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. RI Mantic, Vladislav/G-1111-2010 OI Mantic, Vladislav/0000-0002-7569-7442 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2008 VL 75 IS 5 AR 051108 DI 10.1115/1.2936232 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 329UC UT WOS:000257895100020 ER PT J AU Tonks, MR Beaudoin, AJ Schilder, F Tortorelli, DA AF Tonks, M. R. Beaudoin, A. J. Schilder, F. Tortorelli, D. A. TI Investigation of preferred orientations in planar polycrystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE polycrystal plasticity; planar polycrystal; stochastic Taylor model; Kuramoto model ID TEXTURE EVOLUTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TAYLOR MODEL; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; METALS; STRAIN AB More accurate manufacturing process models come from better understanding of texture evolution and preferred orientations. We investigate the texture evolution in the simplified physical framework of a planar polycrystal with two slip systems used by Prantil et al. (1993, "An Analysis of Texture and Plastic Spin for Planar Polycrystal," J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 41(8), pp. 1357-1382). In the planar polycrystal, the crystal orientations behave in a manner similar to that of a system of coupled oscillators represented by the Kuramoto model. The crystal plasticity finite element method and the stochastic Taylor model (STM), a stochastic method for mean-field polycrystal plasticity, predict the development of a steady-state texture not shown when employing the Taylor hypothesis. From this analysis, the STM appears to be a useful homogenization method when using representative standard deviations. C1 [Tonks, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tonks, M. R.; Beaudoin, A. J.; Tortorelli, D. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schilder, F.] Univ Surrey, Dept Math, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RP Tonks, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2008 VL 75 IS 5 AR 051001 DI 10.1115/1.2912930 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 329UC UT WOS:000257895100002 ER PT J AU Alapaty, K Niyogi, D Chen, F Pyle, P Chandrasekar, A Seaman, N AF Alapaty, Kiran Niyogi, Dev Chen, Fei Pyle, Patrick Chandrasekar, Anantharman Seaman, Nelson TI Development of the flux-adjusting surface data assimilation system for mesoscale models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOIL-MOISTURE; PART I; HYDROLOGY; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; EVAPORATION; PARAMETERS AB The flux-adjusting surface data assimilation system (FASDAS) is developed to provide continuous adjustments for initial soil moisture and temperature and for surface air temperature and water vapor mixing ratio for mesoscale models. In the FASDAS approach, surface air temperature and water vapor mixing ratio are directly assimilated by using the analyzed surface observations. Then, the difference between the analyzed surface observations and model predictions of surface layer temperature and water vapor mixing ratio are converted into respective heat fluxes, referred to as adjustment heat fluxes of sensible and latent heat. These adjustment heat fluxes are then used in the prognostic equations for soil temperature and moisture via indirect assimilation in the form of several new adjustment evaporative fluxes. Thus, simulated surface fluxes for the subsequent model time step are affected such that the predicted surface air temperature and water vapor mixing ratio conform more closely to observations. The simultaneous application of indirect and direct data assimilation maintains greater consistency between the soil temperature-moisture and the surface layer mass-field variables. The FASDAS is coupled to a land surface submodel in a three-dimensional mesoscale model and tests are performed for a 10-day period with three one-way nested domains. The FASDAS is applied in the analysis nudging mode for two coarse-resolution nested domains and in the observational nudging mode for a fine-resolution nested domain. Further, the effects of FASDAS on two different initial specifications of a three-dimensional soil moisture field are also studied. Results indicate that the FASDAS consistently improved the accuracy of the model simulations. C1 [Alapaty, Kiran] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Niyogi, Dev; Pyle, Patrick] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pyle, Patrick] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chandrasekar, Anantharman] Indian Inst Technol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Seaman, Nelson] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Alapaty, K (reprint author), US DOE, SC 23-3 Germantown Bldg,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM kiran.alapaty@science.doe.gov RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-ATM 0233780]; NASA Land Use Land Cover Change program; NOAA [NA06NES4400013]; [NASA-THP NNG04GI84G]; [NASA-IDS NNG04GL61G] FX The study benefited in part from support by the lead author's employment at the National Science Foundation and from Grants NSF-ATM 0233780 (Dr. S. Nelson), NASA-THP NNG04GI84G (Dr. J. Entin), NASA-IDS NNG04GL61G (Drs. J. Entin and G. Gutman), the NASA Land Use Land Cover Change program (Dr. G. Gutman), and NOAA Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation NA06NES4400013 (Dr. K. Mitchell). Thanks are given also to David Staufer, Don Olerud, Aijun Xue, Glen Hunter, Jon Pleim, and Andy Holland for their help during the development of the FASDAS method. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2331 EP 2350 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1831.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349XU UT WOS:000259317400005 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Newsom, RK Allwine, KJ Xu, Q Zhang, PF Copeland, J Sun, JZ AF Fast, Jerome D. Newsom, Rob K. Allwine, K. Jerry Xu, Qin Zhang, Pengfei Copeland, Jeffrey Sun, Juanzhen TI An evaluation of two NEXRAD wind retrieval methodologies and their use in atmospheric dispersion models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERROR COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; MIGRATING BIRDS; PART II; DOPPLER; WSR-88D; PROJECT AB Weather Radar (NEXRAD) radial velocities have been evaluated using radar wind profiler measurements to determine whether routine wind retrievals would be useful for atmospheric dispersion model applications. The first method uses a physical algorithm based on four-dimensional variational data assimilation, and the second simpler method uses a statistical technique based on an analytic formulation of the background error covariance. Both methods can be run in near-real time, but the simpler method was executed about 2.5 times as fast as the four-dimensional variational method. The observed multiday and diurnal variations in wind speed and direction were reproduced by both methods below similar to 1.5 km above the ground in the vicinity of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, during July 2003. However, wind retrievals overestimated the strength of the nighttime low-level jet by as much as 65%. The wind speeds and directions obtained from both methods were usually similar when compared with profiler measurements, and neither method outperformed the other statistically. Within a dispersion model framework, the 3D wind fields and transport patterns were often better represented when the wind retrievals were included along with operational data. Despite uncertainties in the wind speed and direction obtained from the wind retrievals that are higher than those from remote sensing radar wind profilers, the inclusion of the wind retrievals is likely to produce more realistic temporal variations in the winds aloft than would be obtained by interpolation using the available radiosondes, especially during rapidly changing synoptic-and mesoscale conditions. C1 [Fast, Jerome D.; Newsom, Rob K.; Allwine, K. Jerry] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xu, Qin; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Copeland, Jeffrey; Sun, Juanzhen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC0576FL01830] FX We thank Jeremy Rishel for his assistance with CALMET operations. This research was supported by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security through the Science and Technology Directorate, Office of Systems Engineering and Development under a Related Services Agreement with the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC0576FL01830. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for DOE. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2351 EP 2371 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1853.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349XU UT WOS:000259317400006 ER PT J AU Bilani-Zeneli, O Rata, AD Herklotz, A Mieth, O Eng, LM Schultz, L Biegalski, MD Christen, HM Dorr, K AF Bilani-Zeneli, O. Rata, A. D. Herklotz, A. Mieth, O. Eng, L. M. Schultz, L. Biegalski, M. D. Christen, H. M. Doerr, K. TI SrTiO(3) on piezoelectric PMN-PT(001) for application of variable strain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; THIN-FILMS AB SrTiO(3) (STO) is the most frequently used substrate material for complex oxide films. In this work, STO is explored as a buffer layer on piezoelectric pseudocubic Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))(0.72)Ti(0.28)O(3)(001) (PMN-PT) substrates, which serve to reversibly strain thin films. The STO buffer layer reduces the in-plane lattice parameter and allows for a better lattice matching to a broader range of thin film materials. STO films (30 nm) have been grown with epitaxial orientation on PMN-PT with an in-plane lattice parameter close to that of bulk STO. The substrate's rhombohedral domain structure has been imaged by atomic force microscopy. The related ferroelectric domain structure has been investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy. Within a domain, STO grows with a rather low roughness (rms < 0.2 nm). The transfer of the piezoelectric substrate strain to the STO film and its variation with an applied electric field are studied using x-ray diffraction. The strain dependence of the electrical resistance is measured for a ferromagnetic manganite film grown on top of the STO. Both experiments confirm qualitatively that the STO buffer transfers the substrate strain into a functional film deposited on top. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bilani-Zeneli, O.; Rata, A. D.; Herklotz, A.; Schultz, L.; Doerr, K.] IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Mieth, O.; Eng, L. M.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Angew Phys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Biegalski, M. D.; Christen, H. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bilani-Zeneli, O (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Postfach 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. EM o.bilani@ifw-dresden.de RI Schultz, Ludwig/B-3383-2010; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR520]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work has been supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant No. FOR520 Ferroic Functional Elements. O.B.-Z. gratefully acknowledges an IMPRS fellowship. K. D. (project CNMS 2006-2007), M.D.B., and H.M.C. acknowledge support from the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 054108 DI 10.1063/1.2975167 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600094 ER PT J AU Grbovic, D Lavrik, NV Rajic, S Datskos, PG AF Grbovic, D. Lavrik, N. V. Rajic, S. Datskos, P. G. TI Arrays of SiO(2) substrate-free micromechanical uncooled infrared and terahertz detectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; FILMS; STRESS; DESIGN AB We describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of arrays of uncooled infrared and terahertz micromechanical detectors that utilize SiO(2) as a main structural material. Materials with highly dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion, namely, Al and SiO(2), were used to form folded bimaterial regions. This approach improved the detector sensitivity by 12 times compared to SiN(x)-based detectors of similar shape and size. Two types of structural SiO(2) layers were investigated: thermally grown and plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited SiO(2). Fabrication of the detector arrays relied on a straightforward process flow that involved three photolithography steps and no wet etching. The noise equivalent temperature difference intrinsic to the detectors fabricated during this work can reach 3.8 mK when excluding any contribution from the optical readout used to interrogate the arrays. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Datskos, P. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. EM datskospg@ornl.gov RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0500OR22725] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research and by the LDRD program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported, by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECS-0335765). The authors would like to thank the CNF staff for their valuable help and advice on microfabrication process, as well as Dr. Alvin J. Sanders for providing helpful advice. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UT-Battelle under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 054508 DI 10.1063/1.2959574 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600128 ER PT J AU Li, YJ Kaspar, TC Droubay, TC Joly, AG Nachimuthu, P Zhu, Z Shutthanandan, V Chambers, SA AF Li, Y. J. Kaspar, T. C. Droubay, T. C. Joly, A. G. Nachimuthu, P. Zhu, Z. Shutthanandan, V. Chambers, S. A. TI A study of H and D doped ZnO epitaxial films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN; SURFACE; SEMICONDUCTORS; CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALS; CENTERS AB We examine the crystal structure and electrical and optical properties of ZnO epitaxial films grown by pulsed laser deposition in a H-2 or D-2 ambient. n-type electrical conductivity is enhanced by three orders of magnitude as a result of growing in H-2 (D-2) compared to ZnO films grown in O-2. Hall effect measurements reveal very small carrier activation energies and carrier concentrations in the mid-10(18) cm(-3) range. Optical absorption measurements show that the enhanced conductivity is not a result of ZnO reduction and interstitial Zn formation. Photoluminescence spectra suggest excitonic emission associated with exciton-hydrogen donor complex formation and show no evidence for midgap emission resulting from defects. We have modeled the transport properties of H (D) doped ZnO films using variable range hopping and surface layer conductivity models, but our data do not fit well with these models. Rather, it appears that growth in H-2 (D-2) promotes the formation of an exceedingly shallow donor state not seen in ZnO crystals annealed in H-2 after growth. This new state may be associated with H (D) substitution at O sites in the lattice. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Li, Y. J.; Kaspar, T. C.; Droubay, T. C.; Joly, A. G.; Nachimuthu, P.; Zhu, Z.; Shutthanandan, V.; Chambers, S. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, YJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sa.chambers@pnl.gov RI Zhu, Zihua/K-7652-2012; Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Division of Chemical Sciences; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under the Collaborative Research in Chemistry program and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Division of Chemical Sciences. This work was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 053711 DI 10.1063/1.2975219 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600065 ER PT J AU Migliori, A Ledbetter, H Leisure, RG Pantea, C Betts, JB AF Migliori, Albert Ledbetter, Hassel Leisure, Robert G. Pantea, C. Betts, J. B. TI Diamond's elastic stiffnesses from 322 K to 10 K SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; BULK-MODULUS; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE AB Using resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy, we measured diamond's monocrystal elastic-stiffness coefficients C(11), C(12), and C(44), between 322 and 10 K. Changes are small and smooth: The bulk modulus B=(C(11)+2C(12))/3 increases about 1 part in 1000, describable by a quasiharmonic Einstein-oscillator model. Zero-temperature C(ij) correspond to a 2244-K Debye characteristic temperature. Using a low-temperature form of the Gruneisen-Debye model, we calculated an overall thermodynamic Graneisen parameter of gamma=1.26; using a high-temperature form we calculated 0.71; the lattice specific heat yields gamma=1.10. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Migliori, Albert; Pantea, C.; Betts, J. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ledbetter, Hassel] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Leisure, Robert G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM migliori@lanl.gov RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 053512 DI 10.1063/1.2975190 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600042 ER PT J AU Sheng, G Zhang, JX Li, YL Choudhury, S Jia, QX Liu, ZK Chen, LQ AF Sheng, G. Zhang, J. X. Li, Y. L. Choudhury, S. Jia, Q. X. Liu, Z. K. Chen, L. Q. TI Domain stability of PbTiO(3) thin films under anisotropic misfit strains: Phase-field simulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; POLARIZATION AB The domain stability and domain structures of (001)-oriented PbTiO(3) ferroelectric thin films subject to anisotropic in-plane strains were studied using phase-field method. Based on the simulation results, a room temperature domain/phase stability diagram was constructed for PbTiO(3) thin films with the in-plane strains ranging from -5% to 5%. The predicted diagram is both quantitatively and qualitatively different from those obtained using thermodynamic calculations based on a single-domain assumption. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sheng, G.; Zhang, J. X.; Li, Y. L.; Choudhury, S.; Liu, Z. K.; Chen, L. Q.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheng, G (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM shengguang@psu.edu RI Choudhury, Samrat/B-4115-2009; Zhang, Jingxian/B-2253-2010; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Sheng, Guang/C-2043-2012; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0205232, DMR-0507146]; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Department of Energy [DOE DE-FG02-07ER46417]; NSF [DMR-9983532, DMR-0122638]; Materials Simulation Center; Graduate Education and Research Services FX The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant Nos. DMR-0205232 and DMR-0507146, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and from the Department of Energy under Grant No. DOE DE-FG02-07ER46417. The computer simulations were carried out on the LION clusters at the Pennsylvania State University supported in part by the NSF grants (Nos. DMR-9983532 and DMR-0122638) and in part by the Materials Simulation Center and the Graduate Education and Research Services at The Pennsylvania State University. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 054105 DI 10.1063/1.2974093 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600091 ER PT J AU So, WY Lang, DV Butko, VY Chi, XL Lashley, JC Ramirez, AP AF So, Woo-Young Lang, David V. Butko, Vladimir Y. Chi, Xiaoliu Lashley, Jason C. Ramirez, Arthur P. TI Dependence of mobility on density of gap states in organics by GAME(a)S-gate modulated activation energy spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PENTACENE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We develop a broadly applicable transport-based technique, gate modulated activation energy spectroscopy (GAME(a)S) for determining the density of states (DOS) in an energy gap. GAME(a)S is applied to field-effect transistors (FETs) made from different single crystal oligomer semiconductors. We find that there are two distinct types of band tails, deep and shallow, depending on the crystallization process. The exponential band tails of the localized DOS are characterized by their slope with the highest mobility FETs having a value of 29 eV(-1) close to 1/k(B)T at 300 K. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [So, Woo-Young; Lang, David V.; Chi, Xiaoliu; Ramirez, Arthur P.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Butko, Vladimir Y.; Lashley, Jason C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ramirez, Arthur P.] Alcatel Lucent, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP So, WY (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ws2ll5@columbia.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46118]; Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation [CHE-0117752] FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46118 and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the technical support of Silvaco Korea Co., Ltd. through the device simulator. Also, we acknowledge the technical assistance of Silvaco Korea Co., Ltd. through the device simulator. This work was partially supported by the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award No. CHE-0117752 and by the New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research (NYSTAR). NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 054512 DI 10.1063/1.2975973 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600132 ER PT J AU Wang, L Chu, PK Anders, A Cheung, NW AF Wang, L. Chu, Paul K. Anders, Andre Cheung, Nathan W. TI Effects of ozone oxidation on interfacial and dielectric properties of thin HfO(2) films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GATE DIELECTRICS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; OXIDES AB The effects of high concentration ozone oxidation at different temperatures on the interfacial and dielectric properties of thin HfO(2) films are examined. Analysis of the chemical shifts of the Hf 4f, Si 2p and O 1s core-level spectra acquired by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly indicates that the introduction of ozone can significantly improve the bonding characteristics between hafnium and oxygen even at low temperature. High-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy study shows that when the oxidation temperature is increased, film densification and crystallization occur at high temperature. The change in the dielectric properties of high temperature oxidation is analyzed and the results show that a negligible hysteresis and low fixed charge density can be achieved by medium temperature oxidation. When the oxidation temperature is increased to over 800 degrees C, the dielectric properties degrade due to regrowth of the interfacial layer and change in the film morphology. Our results also reveal that the leakage current can be reduced by high temperature ozone oxidation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wang, L.; Chu, Paul K.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Anders, Andre] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Plasma Applicat Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheung, Nathan W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chu, PK (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM paul.chu@cityu.edu.hk RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 FU City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant (SRG) [7002138] FX The authors would like to thank Professor J. B. Xu of The Chinese University of Hong Kong for assistance in the TEM measurement and Dr. Jian Chen of Sun Yat-Sen University for assistance in the XPS measurement. This work was supported by the City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant (SRG) No. 7002138. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 054117 DI 10.1063/1.2976340 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600103 ER PT J AU Zhou, SJ Zhou, XY Zhao, YS AF Zhou, Shujia Zhou, Xiangyang Zhao, Yusheng TI Study of hardness and deformation of brittle materials with a density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; SUPERHARD MATERIALS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; STACKING-FAULTS; BORON-NITRIDE; CRYSTALS; ENERGY; INDENTATION; TRANSITION AB We investigated controlling parameters of hardness in brittle materials by exploring the correlation between hardness and shear mode cracking. Density functional theory was used to calculate the unstable stacking energies (shear resistance to irreversible deformation) and the surface energies (tension resistance to fracture) for comparison. We found that both the unstable stacking energies and the surface energies had a monotonic relationship with hardness in Ge, Si, 3C-SiC, cBN, and diamond. In particular, both the relationship between hardness and the unstable stacking energy and the relationship between hardness and surface energy are better characterized as power law than linear relationships. Moreover, the surface energy has a better correlation with hardness than the unstable stacking energy. Both the theoretical stress for a crack to form and the stress intensity factor for a crack to propagate, which depend on surface energies, have better correlation with hardness than the stress intensity factor for a crack to emit a dislocation, which depends on unstable stacking energies. The implication of these results for fracture and deformation mechanism during hardness measurement is also discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zhou, Shujia] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zhou, Xiangyang] Univ Miami, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhou, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM szhou@poseidon.me.jhu.edu; xzhou@miami.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was partly supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We are grateful to Robb Thomson and Brian Lawn for helpful discussions regarding crack nucleation in the process of indentation. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 AR 053508 DI 10.1063/1.2968226 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 357NO UT WOS:000259853600038 ER PT J AU Luke, EP Kollias, P Johnson, KL Clothiaux, EE AF Luke, Edward P. Kollias, Pavlos Johnson, Karen L. Clothiaux, Eugene E. TI A technique for the automatic detection of insect clutter in cloud radar returns SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOPPLER RADAR; OBJECTIVE DETERMINATION; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; PROFILING RADARS; WAVELENGTH RADAR; STRATUS CLOUD; ECHOES; TURBULENCE AB The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program operate, 35-GHz millimeter-wavelength Cloud radars (MMCRs) in several climatologically distinct regions. The MMCRs, which are centerpiece instruments for the observation of clouds and precipitation, provide continuous. vertically resolved information on all hydrometeors above the ARM Climate Research Facilities (ACRF). However, their ability to observe clouds in the lowest 2-3 kin of the atmosphere is often obscured by the presence of strong echoes from insects, especially during the warm months at the continental midlatitude Southern Great Plains (SGP) ACRE Here, a new automated technique for the detection and elimination of insect-contaminated echoes from the MMCR observations is presented. The technique is based on recorded MMCR Doppler spectra, a feature extractor that conditions insect spectral signatures, and the use of a neural network algorithm for the generation of an insect (clutter) mask. The technique exhibits significant skill in the identification of insect radar returns (more than 92% of insect-induced returns are identified) when the sole input to the classifier is the MMCR Doppler spectrum. The addition of circular polarization observations by the MMCR and ceilometer cloud-base measurements further improve the performance of the technique and form an even more reliable method for the removal of insect radar echoes at the ARM site. Recently, a 94-GHz Doppler polarimetric radar was installed next to the MMCR at the ACRF SGP site. Observations by both radars are used to evaluate the potential of the 94-GHz radar as being insect free and to show that dual wavelength radar reflectivity measurements can be used to identify insect radar returns. C1 [Luke, Edward P.; Kollias, Pavlos; Johnson, Karen L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Clothiaux, Eugene E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Luke, EP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 490D,Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM eluke@bnl.gov FU Atmospheric Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-90ER61071] FX Support for this research was funded in part by the Atmospheric Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy (under Grant DE-FG02-90ER61071). NR 28 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1498 EP 1513 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA953.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348VL UT WOS:000259238100002 ER PT J AU Kunapareddy, N Freyer, JP Mourant, JR AF Kunapareddy, Nagapratima Freyer, James P. Mourant, Judith R. TI Raman spectroscopic characterization of necrotic cell death SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE cell death; oxygen and glucose deprivation; necrosis; Raman spectroscopy; biochemical analysis; biological cells ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MULTICELLULAR SPHEROIDS; NONTUMORIGENIC CELLS; TUMOR NECROSIS; LIVING CELLS; CHEMOTHERAPY; GLUCOSE; CANCER; OXYGEN; GROWTH AB Raman spectroscopy has been used to estimate the biochemical changes due to necrosis in an in vitro model system comprised of a human malignant melanoma cell line (MEL-28). Combined oxygen and glucose deprivation was used to simulate necrotic cell death in tumors. Raman spectroscopy measurements of nonproliferating live cells and dead cells were made at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Quantitative estimates of the biochemical composition of live and dead cells were made by fitting cell spectra to the basis spectra of protein, lipid, RNA, DNA, and glycogen. A decrease in the relative amount of lipid and RNA, and an increase in the relative protein content, were observed in dead cells. A comparison of the spectra indicated the existence of conformational changes in protein and nucleic acids in dead cells. These results suggest that Raman spectroscopy could be used to detect necrotic cell death in tumors. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.2978061] C1 [Kunapareddy, Nagapratima; Freyer, James P.; Mourant, Judith R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmourant@lanl.gov FU NIH-NCI [CA89255]; NIH-NCRR [RR01315] FX This work was supported by NIH-NCI Grant No. CA89255. The flow cytometry experiments were made possible by the National Flow Cytometry Resource at Los Alamos New Mexico (NIH-NCRR Grant No. RR01315). NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 AR 054002 DI 10.1117/1.2978061 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 384SQ UT WOS:000261764900011 PM 19021382 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, M Ebert-McNeill, A Clark, S Birdsall, P Cerny, E AF Bhattacharyya, M. Ebert-McNeill, A. Clark, S. Birdsall, P. Cerny, E. TI Calcium Release from Bone in Postmenopausal Women: Effects of Low Level Cadmium Exposure SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Bhattacharyya, M.; Ebert-McNeill, A.; Clark, S.; Birdsall, P.; Cerny, E.] Agronne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S456 EP S456 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411002464 ER PT J AU Bornikolas, V Ruppel, M Miller, L Judex, S AF Bornikolas, V. Ruppel, M. Miller, L. Judex, S. TI Changes in Chemical, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Lamellar Bone during Young Adulthood. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Bornikolas, V.; Ruppel, M.; Judex, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Miller, L.] Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S364 EP S365 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411002109 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, RL Burton, DW Griffin, TL Hillegonds, DJ Herold, DA Deftos, LJ AF Fitzgerald, R. L. Burton, D. W. Griffin, T. L. Hillegonds, D. J. Herold, D. A. Deftos, L. J. TI Zoledronate Protects Bone but not Soft Tissue from Prostate Cancer Progression in a Nude Mouse Model. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Fitzgerald, R. L.; Burton, D. W.; Griffin, T. L.; Herold, D. A.; Deftos, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, VA Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Hillegonds, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S443 EP S443 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411002419 ER PT J AU Ionova, S Do, SH Barth, HD Ager, JW Porter, A Vaisse, C Alliston, T Ritchie, RO AF Ionova, S. Do, S. H. Barth, H. D. Ager, J. W. Porter, A. Vaisse, C. Alliston, T. Ritchie, R. O. TI Effects of Obesity on Cortical Bone SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Ionova, S.; Barth, H. D.; Ager, J. W.; Ritchie, R. O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Do, S. H.; Vaisse, C.; Alliston, T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Porter, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RI Vaisse, Christian/F-1067-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S197 EP S197 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411001109 ER PT J AU Kramer, I Loots, GG Keller, H Kneissel, M AF Kramer, I. Loots, G. G. Keller, H. Kneissel, M. TI PTH-induced Bone Mass Gain Is Blunted But Not Abolished in SOST Overexpressing and Deficient Mice SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Kramer, I.; Keller, H.; Kneissel, M.] Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Musculoskeletal Dis Area, Basel, Switzerland. [Loots, G. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 SU S BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411000040 ER PT J AU Ruppel, ME Phipps, R Miller, LM AF Ruppel, M. E. Phipps, R. Miller, L. M. TI Chemical Composition and Nanoscale Structure of Risedronate-treated Mineralizing MC3T3-E1 SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Ruppel, M. E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Phipps, R.] Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut, Mason, OH USA. [Miller, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S380 EP S380 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411002160 ER PT J AU Thurner, PJ Chen, C Ionova, S Ager, JW Ritchie, RO Alliston, T AF Thurner, P. J. Chen, C. Ionova, S. Ager, J. W. Ritchie, R. O. Alliston, T. TI Changes in Bone Matrix Material Properties Due to Osteopontin Deficiency SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Thurner, P. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. [Chen, C.; Alliston, T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ionova, S.; Ager, J. W.; Ritchie, R. O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S98 EP S98 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411000349 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Ko, T Pathmanathan, D Lee, H Chen, F Soo, C Culiat, CT Ting, K AF Zhang, X. Ko, T. Pathmanathan, D. Lee, H. Chen, F. Soo, C. Culiat, C. T. Ting, K. TI Craniofacial Rune Defect in Nell-1 Mutant Mice Associated with Disrtgulated Runx2 and Osx Expression SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Zhang, X.; Ko, T.; Pathmanathan, D.; Lee, H.; Chen, F.; Ting, K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dent & Craniofacial Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Soo, C.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Culiat, C. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S99 EP S99 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411000355 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM Khauv, D Bissell, MJ Radisky, DC AF Nelson, Celeste M. Khauv, Davitte Bissell, Mina J. Radisky, Derek C. TI Change in cell shape is required for matrix metalloproteinase-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mammary epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cell morphology; cell spreading; matrix metalloproteinase; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Rac1b; TGF beta; micropatterned substrata; mammary epithelial cells; reactive oxygen species ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; STROMELYSIN-1; PHENOTYPE; BETA; KERATINOCYTES; MECHANISMS; FIBROSIS; CULTURE AB Cell morphology dictates response to a wide variety of stimuli, controlling cell metabolism, differentiation, proliferation, and death. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process in which epithelial cells acquire migratory characteristics, and in the process convert from a "cuboidal" epithelial structure into an elongated mesenchymal shape. We had shown previously that matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) can stimulate EMT of cultured mouse mammary epithelial cells through a process that involves increased expression of Rac1b, a protein that stimulates alterations in cytoskeletal structure. We show here that cells treated with MMP-3 or induced to express Rac1b spread to cover a larger surface, and that this induction of cell spreading is a requirement of MMP-3/Rac1b-induced EMT. We find that limiting cell spreading, either by increasing cell density or by culturing cells on precisely defined micropatterned substrata, blocks expression of characteristic markers of EMT in cells treated with MMP-3. These effects are not caused by general disruptions in cell signaling pathways, as TGF-beta-induced EMT is not affected by similar limitations on cell spreading. Our data reveal a previously unanticipated cell shape-dependent mechanism that controls this key phenotypic alteration and provide insight into the distinct mechanisms activated by different EMT-inducing agents. C1 [Nelson, Celeste M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Khauv, Davitte; Radisky, Derek C.] Mayo Clin Canc Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Nelson, Celeste M.; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM celesten@princeton.edu; radisky.derek@mayo.edu FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; National Cancer Institute [CA64786, CA57621, CA122086, CA128660] FX Grant sponsor: Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy; Grant number: DE-AC03-76SF00098; Grant sponsor: National Cancer Institute; Grant numbers: CA64786, CA57621, CA122086, CA128660. NR 38 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1002/jcb.21821 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 346ZX UT WOS:000259109200004 PM 18506791 ER PT J AU Pickett, ZN Howard, WA Graves, CR AF Pickett, Zachary N. Howard, William A. Graves, Christopher R. TI 4-chloro-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium chloride and 4-dimethylamino-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium chloride hemihydrate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium chloride; pyridinedimethanol; hydrogen bonds; trigonal planar nitrogen ID ACID AB Two substituted pyridinium chloride salts, namely 4-chloro-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium chloride (triclinic, P-1, a = 6.0651(8) angstrom, b = 8.4393(8) angstrom, c = 8.6554(9) angstrom, alpha = 78.845(1)degrees, beta = 83.156(1)degrees, gamma = 89.047(1)degrees; V = 431.55(8) angstrom(3); Z = 2) and 4-dimethylamino-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium chloride hemihydrate (orthorhombic, Aba2, a = 17.2179(14) angstrom, b = 17.6332(15) angstrom, c = 7.2068(6) angstrom; V = 2188.0(3) angstrom(3); Z = 4), have been structurally characterized. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals contacts are evident in both structures. Furthermore, the 4-dimethylamino derivative features a trigonal planar dimethylamino group with some pi interaction between the nitrogen atom and the pyridine ring. C1 [Pickett, Zachary N.; Howard, William A.] Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Graves, Christopher R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Howard, WA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffwah@uaf.edu RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1007/s10870-008-9439-2 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 330IX UT WOS:000257935400013 ER PT J AU Jones, HDT Haaland, DM Sinclair, MB Melgaard, DK Van Benthem, MH Pedroso, MC AF Jones, Howland D. T. Haaland, David M. Sinclair, Michael B. Melgaard, David K. Van Benthem, Mark H. Pedroso, M. Cristina TI Weighting hyperspectral image data for improved multivariate curve resolution results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Analytical-Chemistry-and-Spectroscopy-Societies CY OCT 14-18, 2007 CL Memphis, TN SP Federat Anal Chem & Spectroscopy Soc DE hyperspectral imaging; spectral imaging; noise analysis; data weighting; multivariate analysis; multivariate curve resolution; MCR ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SIMS SPECTRUM-IMAGES; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; ALGORITHM; POWERFUL AB The combination of hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) provides an ideal system for improved quantitative imaging when multiple fluorophores are present. However, the presence of multiple noise sources limits the ability of MCR to accurately extract pure-component spectra when there is high spectral and/or spatial overlap between multiple fluorophores. Previously, MCR results were improved by weighting the spectral images for Poisson-distributed noise, but additional noise sources are often present. We have identified and quantified all the major noise sources in hyperspectral fluorescence images. Two primary noise sources were found: Poisson-distributed noise and detector-read noise. We present methods to quantify detector-read noise variance and to empirically determine the electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) gain factor required to compute the Poisson noise variance. We have found that properly weighting spectral image data to account for both noise sources improved MCR accuracy. In this paper, we demonstrate three weighting schemes applied to a real hyperspectral corn leaf image and to simulated data based upon this same image. MCR applied to both real and simulated hyperspectral images weighted to compensate for the two major noise sources greatly improved the extracted pure emission spectra and their concentrations relative to MCR with either unweighted or Poisson-only weighted data. Thus, properly identifying and accounting for the major noise sources in hyperspectral images can serve to improve the MCR results. These methods are very general and can be applied to the multivariate analysis of spectral images whenever CCD or EMCCD detectors are used. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Jones, Howland D. T.; Haaland, David M.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Melgaard, David K.; Van Benthem, Mark H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Pedroso, M. Cristina] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63147 USA. RP Jones, HDT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0895, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hdjones@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1002/cem.1170 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 360QP UT WOS:000260072700002 ER PT J AU Van Benthem, MH Keenan, MR Davis, R Liu, P Jones, HDT Haaland, DM Sinclair, MB Brasier, AR AF Van Benthem, Mark H. Keenan, Michael R. Davis, Ryan Liu, Ping Jones, Howland D. T. Haaland, David M. Sinclair, Michael B. Brasier, Allan R. TI Trilinear analysis of images obtained with a hyperspectral imaging confocal microscope SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annnual Meeting of the Federation-of-Analytical-Chemistry-and-Spectroscopy-Societies CY OCT 14-18, 2007 CL Memphis, TN SP Federat Anal Chem & Spectroscopy Soc DE PARAFAC; alternating least squares; multivariate factor analysis; trilinear; three-way methods; data compression; hyperspectral imaging; confocal fluorescence microscopy; fluorescent protein ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; MULTIWAY ALGORITHMS; PARAFAC; RESOLUTION; OLIGOMERIZATION; COMPRESSION; ACTIVATION; RECEPTOR; CELLS; MODEL AB Hyperspectral imaging confocal microscopy (HSI-CM) is a powerful tool for the analysis of cellular processes such as the immune response. HSI-CM is a data rich technique that routinely generates two-way data having a spectral domain and an image or concentration domain. Using a variety of modifications to the instrument or experimental protocols, one can readily produce three-way data with HSI-CM. These data are often amenable to trilinear analysis. For example we have used a time series of 18 images acquired during photobleaching of the fluorophores in an effort to identify fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The resulting images represent intensity as a function of concentration, wavelength and photodegradation in time, to which we apply our techniques of trilinear decomposition. We have successfully employed trilinear decomposition of photobleaching spectral image data from fixed A549 cells transfected with yellow and green fluorescent proteins (YFP and GFP) as molecular probes of cellular proteins involved in the cellular immune response. While useful in the interpretation biological processes, the size of the data generated with the HSI-CM can be difficult to manage computationally. The 208 x 204 x 512 x 18 elements in the image data require careful processing and efficient analysis algorithms. Accordingly, we have implemented fast algorithms that can quickly perform the trilinear decomposition. In this paper we describe how three-way data are produced and the methods we have used to process them. Specifically, we show that co-adding spectra in a spatial neighborhood is a highly effective method for improving the performance of these algorithms without sacrificing resolution. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Van Benthem, Mark H.; Keenan, Michael R.; Davis, Ryan; Jones, Howland D. T.; Haaland, David M.; Sinclair, Michael B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Liu, Ping; Brasier, Allan R.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Internal Med, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Van Benthem, MH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0895, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mhvanbe@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1002/cem.1165 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 360QP UT WOS:000260072700003 ER PT J AU Windig, W Keenan, MR Wise, BM AF Windig, W. Keenan, M. R. Wise, B. M. TI The effects of pre-processing of image data on self-modeling image analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annnual Meeting of the Federation-of-Analytical-Chemistry-and-Spectroscopy-Societies CY OCT 14-18, 2007 CL Memphis, TN SP Federat Anal Chem & Spectroscopy Soc DE chemometrics; SIMS; self-modeling mixture analysis; heteroscedastic noise ID SIMS SPECTRUM-IMAGES; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; SIMPLISMA APPROACH; NOISE AB The use of chemical imaging of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data for self-modeling image analysis (SIA) has special challenges because of the following reasons: (a) At higher counting rates, the data are non-linear. (b) The heteroscedastic nature of the noise causes structure in the data which gives rise to extra components. (c) There is a high amount of noise in SIMS data and outliers often cause problems. This paper will discuss an adaptation of a pre-processing method to correct for heteroscedastic noise and a method to minimize the effect of outlying pixels. Examples will be given of the following: (a) Different mixtures of palmitic and stearic acid on aluminum foil. (b) A film coating of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polystyrene (PS). (c) A sample of copper and nickel and a fused layer. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Windig, W.; Wise, B. M.] Eigenvector Res Inc, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Keenan, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Windig, W (reprint author), Eigenvector Res Inc, E Coast Off, 6 Olympia Dr, Rochester, NY USA. EM windig@eigenvector.com NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 500 EP 509 DI 10.1002/cem.1164 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 360QP UT WOS:000260072700004 ER PT J AU Saini, S Ciotti, R Gunney, BTN Spelce, TE Koniges, A Dossa, D Adamidis, P Rabenseifner, R Tiyyagura, SR Mueller, M AF Saini, Subhash Ciotti, Robert Gunney, Brian T. N. Spelce, Thomas E. Koniges, Alice Dossa, Don Adamidis, Panagiotis Rabenseifner, Rolf Tiyyagura, Sunil R. Mueller, Matthias TI Performance evaluation of supercomputers using HPCC and IMB benchmarks SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Performance Modelling, Evaluation, and Optimization of Parallel and Distributed Systems CY APR 29, 2006 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE DE HPCC; IMB; performance evaluation; supercomputer architectures; interconnect performance ID LINEAR ALGEBRA SUBPROGRAMS; SET AB The HPC Challenge (HPCC) Benchmark Suite and the Intel MPI Benchmark (IMB) are used to compare and evaluate the combined performance of processor, memory subsystem and interconnect fabric of five leading supercornputers-SGI Affix BX2, Cray X1, Cray Opteron Cluster, Dell Xeon Cluster, and NEC SX-8. These five systems use live different networks (SGI NUMALINK4, Cray network, Myrinet, InfiniBand, and NEC IXS). The complete set of HPCC Benchmarks are run oil each of these systems. Additionally, we present Intel MPI Benchmarks results to study the performance of I I MPI communication functions on these systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Saini, Subhash; Ciotti, Robert] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Adv Supercomp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gunney, Brian T. N.; Spelce, Thomas E.; Koniges, Alice; Dossa, Don] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Adamidis, Panagiotis] German Climate Comp Ctr, Hamburg, Germany. [Mueller, Matthias] Tech Univ Dresden, ZIH, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Rabenseifner, Rolf; Tiyyagura, Sunil R.] Univ Stuttgart, High Performance Comp Ctr HLRS, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Saini, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, NASA Adv Supercomp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ssaini@nas.nasa.gov; ciotti@nas.nasa.gov; gunney@llnl.gov; koniges@llnl.gov; dossal@llnl.gov; adamidis@dkrz.de; rabenseifner@hlrs.de; sunil@hlrs.de; matthias.mueller@tu-dresden.de NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-0000 J9 J COMPUT SYST SCI JI J. Comput. Syst. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 6 BP 965 EP 982 DI 10.1016/j.jcss.2007.07.002 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 342NU UT WOS:000258791600003 ER PT J AU Cardoza, JD Rudakov, FM Hansen, N Weber, PM AF Cardoza, Job D. Rudakov, Fedor M. Hansen, Nils Weber, Peter M. TI Identification of isomeric hydrocarbons by Rydberg photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Photoelectron spectroscopy; Multi-photon ionization; Gas phase; Molecular structure; Ultrafast dynamics; Rydberg states ID STOICHIOMETRIC CYCLOHEXANE FLAME; FUEL-RICH FLAMES; FINGERPRINT SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION POTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; COMBUSTION; PHOTOIONIZATION; MOLECULES; 1,3,5-CYCLOHEPTATRIENE; DERIVATIVES AB Many saturated and unsaturated organic hydrocarbons can assume multiple isomeric forms. At high temperatures, the identification of such isomers is difficult with conventional spectroscopic techniques, posing a challenge to the exploration of important processes such as the combustion of hydrocarbons. A recently developed technology using resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization via Rydberg states shows promise as an analytical technique, because the resultant photoelectron spectra provide well-resolved peaks that are sensitive to the molecular structure even at high temperatures. We tested this new method on isomeric hydrocarbon systems with the chemical formulas C5H8, C6H8, C7H8, and C11H10. Three-photon ionization with femtosecond pulses near 400 nm shows that in all systems the observation of distinct Rydberg features can serve to identify the isomers. In the C5H8 system, the photoelectron spectra of the isomers show Rydberg peaks from different quantum states, making the spectral identification of those isomers especially facile. Thus it appears that photoionization from Rydberg states could be developed into an analytical tool that is capable of distinguishing isomeric hydrocarbons even under adverse conditions such as flames and other combustion phenomena. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cardoza, Job D.; Rudakov, Fedor M.; Weber, Peter M.] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hansen, Nils] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Weber, PM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Chem, 324 Brook St,Box H, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Peter_Weber@brown.edu RI Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy; Brown University [DE-FG02-03ER15452] FX This work is supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy. The project at Brown University is supported by grant number DE-FG02-03ER15452. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 165 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2008.06.003 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 364VI UT WOS:000260363100002 ER PT J AU Bagus, PS Broer, R Ilton, ES AF Bagus, Paul S. Broer, R. Ilton, Eugene S. TI Atomic near-degeneracy for photoemission: Generality of 4f excitations SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE XPS; Many-body; Exchange splitting ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MULTIPLET STRUCTURE; SPECTRA; STATE; IONS; NIO AB in a previous study of the 3s X-ray photoelectron spectra, XPS, of Mn, we identified a new intra-atomic many-body effect that lead to an similar to 50% increase in the predicted exchange splitting of the main high spin and low spin XPS peaks. The new many-body effect involved the promotion of one electron from the M shell, 3s, 3p, and 3d, into a 4f orbital and a redistribution of the remaining electrons over the M shell orbitals; of particular importance were frustrated Auger configurations. FACs where the 3s shell was filled. In the present work, we demonstrate the general importance of these 4f FACs by showing that they are of comparable importance for increasing the 3s exchange splitting in Ni as they were in Mn. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bagus, Paul S.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Broer, R.] Univ Groningen, Dept Chem Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Broer, R.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Ilton, Eugene S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bagus, PS (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM bagus@unt.edu RI Bagus, Paul/M-1273-2015 FU Geosciences Research Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX This research was supported, in part, by the Geosciences Research Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). A portion of the research was performed at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE and located at PNNL, operated for the DOE by Battelle. We are pleased to acknowledge partial computer support from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 165 IS 1-3 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2008.07.008 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 364VI UT WOS:000260363100009 ER PT J AU Hossain, A Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Cui, Y Babalola, S Burger, A James, RB AF Hossain, A. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Babalola, S. Burger, A. James, R. B. TI Effects of surface processing on the response of CZT gamma detectors: Studies with a collimated synchrotron X-ray beam SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th United States Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensor Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, US Navy Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE CZT; surface roughness; microcharacterization; leakage current; surface polishing ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; RADIATION DETECTORS; SPATIAL RESPONSE; CDZNTE; PASSIVATION; PERFORMANCE; CRYSTAL AB Using a microscale X-ray mapping technique incorporating a synchrotron beam, we are able to reveal the fine details of the surface properties in cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) semiconductor detectors. A detector, with various degrees of surface roughness, was irradiated by a high-spatial-resolution X-ray beam. The detector's response was analyzed and displayed as a two-dimensional (2-D) map, and the charge collection was obtained from the peak positions in the spectra versus the beam's location, which reflects the local material properties. We noted the correlation between the 2-D image and the spectral response of the charge collection at different locations on the surface area, which indicates that a rough surface tends to contain trapping centers, thereby enhancing leakage current and distorting the signal. We also discuss our observations on the transition effect at the boundary area of a rough and a smooth surface under identical conditions. C1 [Hossain, A.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Babalola, S.; Burger, A.] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Hossain, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hossain@bnl.gov NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1356 EP 1361 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0431-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 346AZ UT WOS:000259042100028 ER PT J AU Hawkins, SA Villa-Aleman, E Duff, MC Hunter, DB Burger, A Groza, M Buliga, V Black, DR AF Hawkins, Samantha A. Villa-Aleman, Eliel Duff, Martine C. Hunter, Doug B. Burger, Arnold Groza, Michael Buliga, Vladimir Black, David R. TI Light-induced tellurium enrichment on CdZnTe crystal surfaces detected by Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th United States Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensor Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, US Navy Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE Raman spectroscopy; radiation detectors; semiconductors ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; CD0.96ZN0.04TE THIN-FILMS; RADIATION DETECTORS; VERTICAL BRIDGMAN; SPATIAL RESPONSE; CDTE; PERFORMANCE; SCATTERING; SPECTRA AB CdZnTe (CZT) crystals can be grown under controlled conditions to produce high-quality crystals to be used as room-temperature radiation detectors. Even the best crystal growth methods result in defects, such as tellurium secondary phases, that affect the crystal's performance. In this study, CZT crystals were analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The growth of Te rich areas on the surface was induced by low-power lasers. The growth was observed versus time with low-power Raman scattering and was observed immediately under higher-power conditions. The detector response was also measured after induced Te enrichment. C1 [Hawkins, Samantha A.; Villa-Aleman, Eliel; Duff, Martine C.; Hunter, Doug B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Burger, Arnold; Groza, Michael; Buliga, Vladimir] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Black, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hawkins, SA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM samantha.hawkins@srnl.doe.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1438 EP 1443 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0448-x PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 346AZ UT WOS:000259042100042 ER PT J AU Daw, CS Edwards, KD Wagner, RM Green, JB AF Daw, C. Stuart Edwards, K. Dean Wagner, Robert M. Green, Johney B., Jr. TI Modeling cyclic variability in spark-assisted HCCI SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; IGNITION; ENGINE; FUELS AB Spark assist appears to offer considerable potential for increasing the speed and load range over which homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is possible in gasoline engines. Numerous experimental studies of the transition between conventional spark-ignited (SI) propagating-flame combustion and HCCI combustion in gasoline engines with spark assist have demonstrated a high degree of deterministic coupling between successive combustion events. Analysis of this coupling suggests that the transition between SI and HCCI can be described as a sequence of bifurcations in a low-dimensional dynamic map. In this paper, we describe methods for utilizing the deterministic relationship between cycles to extract global kinetic rate parameters that can be used to discriminate multiple distinct combustion states and develop a more quantitative understanding of the SI-HCCI transition. We demonstrate the application of these methods for indolene-containing fuels and point out an apparent HCCI mode switching not previously reported. Our results have specific implications for developing dynamic combustion models and feedback control strategies that utilize spark assist to expand the operating range of HCCI combustion. C1 [Daw, C. Stuart; Edwards, K. Dean; Wagner, Robert M.; Green, Johney B., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Daw, CS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM edwardskd@ornl.gov RI Green, Johney/B-3391-2017; OI Green, Johney/0000-0003-2383-7260; Wagner, Robert/0000-0003-4634-3757 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2008 VL 130 IS 5 AR 052801 DI 10.1115/1.2906176 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 323BJ UT WOS:000257418700014 ER PT J AU Beard, LP Doll, WF Gamey, TJ Holladay, JS Lee, JLC Fklund, NW Sheehan, JR Norton, J AF Beard, Les P. Doll, William F. Gamey, T. Jeffrey Holladay, J. Scott Lee, James L. C. Fklund, Nathan W. Sheehan, Jacob R. Norton, Jeannernarie TI Comparison of Performance of Airborne Magnetic and Transient Electromagnetic Systems for Ordnance Detection and Mapping SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRIMINATION; MAGNETOMETRY AB Magnetic and electromagnetic data collected by helicopter boom-mounted systems at three different sites permit direct comparison of the systems as to their suitability for buried ordnance detection, mapping, and discrimination. Airborne boom-mounted magnetic systems are at a more advanced stage of development than their electromagnetic counterpart. However, in basaltic terrain, transient electromagnetic systems have proved capable of detecting, buried ordnance. whereas magnetic systems may fail to detect ordnance altogether. Magnetic systems use passive sensors and these can be distributed along the boom Structure Such that dense data can be collected with sensors spaced 1-2 in apart over a broad swath. up to 12-m wide. The ORAGS-TEM electromagnetic system. having only two receivers. must rely on interleaved flight lines to obtain data of a spatial density approaching that of the airborne magnetic systems. The total magnetic fields from unexploded ordnance decays at l/R-3 for total field and its gradient at l/R-4. This permits adequate signal-to-noise levels to be easily attained for larger ordnance types at survey heights LIP to seven meters. Active electromagnetic fields decay at between l/R-4 and l/R-6. depending on ordnance type and sensor geometry. and this constrains current electromagnetic systems to Practical survey altitudes of less than three meters. Tests at the Badlands Bombing Range indicate that. in some circumstances. the signal-to-noise for the airborne electromagnetic system exceeds that of airborne magnetic systems. and even ground electromagnetic systems. Because time Must be allowed for transmitter Current buildup and decay. ORAGS-TEM is not capable of sampling along line at the same spatial density as can magnetic systems. However. the temporal signal decay permits greater Opportunity for ordnance discrimination than magnetic Measurements. C1 [Beard, Les P.; Doll, William F.; Gamey, T. Jeffrey; Sheehan, Jacob R.; Norton, Jeannernarie] Battelle Oak Ridge Operat, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Holladay, J. Scott; Lee, James L. C.] Geosensors Inc, Toronto, ON M4S 2Y3, Canada. [Fklund, Nathan W.] AMEC, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA. RP Beard, LP (reprint author), Battelle Oak Ridge Operat, 105 Mitchell Rd,Suite 103, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. FU Environmental Security Technology Certification Program; National Helicopters of Ontario, Canada FX Much of this work was funded through the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program and we thank Dr. Anne Andrews and Dr. Jeff Marqusee for their Support. All surveys shown in this work were flown by National Helicopters of Ontario, Canada. The authors thank Greg Hodges and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 SI SI BP 291 EP 305 DI 10.2113/JEEG13.3.291 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 361BK UT WOS:000260102300014 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Peterson, MJ Welsh, CJ Druckenbrod, DL Ryon, MG Smith, JG Hargrove, WW Giffen, NR Roy, WK Quarles, HD AF Efroymson, Rebecca A. Peterson, Mark J. Welsh, Christopher J. Druckenbrod, Daniel L. Ryon, Michael G. Smith, John G. Hargrove, William W. Giffen, Neil R. Roy, W. Kelly Quarles, Harry D. TI Investigating habitat value to inform contaminant remediation options: Approach SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat; ecological valuation; remediation; contaminated site ID EQUIVALENCY ANALYSIS; BIODIVERSITY; WILDLIFE; SITES; RESTORATION; ASSESSMENTS; COMPLEXITY; MANAGEMENT; CORRIDORS; DIVERSITY AB Habitat valuation methods are most often developed and used to prioritize candidate lands for conservation. In this study the intent of habitat valuation was to inform was to inform the decision-making process for remediation of chemical contaminants on specific lands or surface water bodies. Methods were developed to summarize dimensions of habitat value for six representative aquatic and terrestrial contaminated sites at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) on the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Several general valuation metrics were developed for three broad categories; site use by groups of organisms, site rarity, and use value added from spatial context. Examples of use value metrics are taxa richness, a direct measure of number of species that inhabit an area, complexity of habitat structure, an indirect measure of potential number of species that may use the area, and land use designation, a measure of the length of time that the area will be available for use. Measures of rarity included presence of rare species or communities. Examples of metrics For habitat use value added from spatial context included similarity or complementarity of neighboring habitat patches and presence of habitat corridors. More specific metrics were developed for groups of Organisms in contaminated streams, ponds. and terrestrial ecosystems. For each of these metrics, cutoff Values for high, medium, and low habitat value were suggested, based oil available information on distributions of organisms and landscape features, as well as habitat use information. A companion paper describes the implementation of these habitat valuation metrics and scoring criteria in the remedial investigation for ETTP. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Efroymson, Rebecca A.; Peterson, Mark J.; Druckenbrod, Daniel L.; Ryon, Michael G.; Smith, John G.; Hargrove, William W.; Giffen, Neil R.; Roy, W. Kelly; Quarles, Harry D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Welsh, Christopher J.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Ecol Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37886 USA. [Druckenbrod, Daniel L.] Longwood Univ, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. [Hargrove, William W.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 3008,MS 6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov; petersonmj@ornl.gov; cwelsh@utk.edu; druckenbroddl@longwood.edu; ryonmg@ornl.gov; smithjg@ornl.gov; hargroveww@ornl.gov; giffennr@ornl.gov; roywk@ornl.gov; quarleshdiii@ornl.gov RI Druckenbrod, Daniel/L-4717-2013; OI Druckenbrod, Daniel/0000-0003-2998-0017; Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X FU US Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1436 EP 1451 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.023 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343RO UT WOS:000258871900082 PM 17897773 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Peterson, MJ Giffen, NR Ryon, MG Smith, JG Hargrove, WW Roy, WK Welsh, CJ Druckenbrod, DL Quarles, HD AF Efroymson, Rebecca A. Peterson, Mark J. Giffen, Neil R. Ryon, Michael G. Smith, John G. Hargrove, Williarn W. Roy, W. Kelly Welsh, Christopher J. Druckenbrod, Daniel L. Quarles, Harry D. TI Investigating habitat value to inform contaminant remediation options: Case study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat; habitat quality; ecological valuation; remediation; contaminated site; DOE AB Habitat valuation methods were implemented to support remedial decisions for aquatic and terrestrial contaminated sites at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) on the US Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. The habitat valuation was undertaken for six contaminated sites: Contractor's Spoil Area. K-901-N Disposal Area, K-770 Scrapyard, K-1007-PI pond. K-901 pond. and the Mitchell Branch stream. Four of these sites are within the industrial use area of ETTP and two are in file Black Oak Ridge Conservation Easement. These sites represent terrestrial and aquatic habitat for vertebrates, terrestrial habitat for plants. and aquatic habitat for benthic invertebrates. Current and Potential future. no-action (no remediation) scenarios were evaluated primarily using existing information. Valuation metrics and scoring criteria were developed in a companion paper, this volume. The habitat valuation consists of extensive narratives, as well as scores for aspects of site use value, site rarity, and use value added from spatial context. Metrics for habitat value were expressed with respect to different spatial scales. depending oil data availability. There was significant variation in habitat value among the six sites. among measures For different taxa at a single site, between measures of use and rarity at a single sit, and among measures for particular taxa at a single site with respect to different spatial scales. Most sites had aspects of low, medium, and high habitat value. Few high scores for current use value were given. These include: wetland plant communities at all aquatic sites. Lepomid sunfish and waterbirds at 1007-PI pond, and Lepomid sunfish and amphibians at K-901 pond. Aquatic sites Create a high-value ecological corridor for waterbirds. mid the Contractor's Spoil Area and possibly the K-901-N Disposal Site have areas that are part of a Strong terrestrial ecological corridor. The only example of recent observations of rare species at these sites is the gray bat observed at the K-1007-PI pond. Some aspects of habitat Value are expected to improve under no-action scenarios at a few of the sites. Methods are applicable to other contaminated sites where Sufficient ecological data are available for the site and region. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Efroymson, Rebecca A.; Peterson, Mark J.; Giffen, Neil R.; Ryon, Michael G.; Smith, John G.; Hargrove, Williarn W.; Roy, W. Kelly; Druckenbrod, Daniel L.; Quarles, Harry D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Welsh, Christopher J.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Ecol Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37886 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov; petersonmj@ornl.gov; giffennr1@ornl.gov; ryonmg@ornl.gov; smithjg@ornl.gov; hnw@geobabble.org; roywk@ornl.gov; cwelsh@uk.edu; druckenbroddl@longwood.edu; quarleshdiii@ornl.gov RI Druckenbrod, Daniel/L-4717-2013; OI Druckenbrod, Daniel/0000-0003-2998-0017; Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1452 EP 1470 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.024 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343RO UT WOS:000258871900083 PM 18022757 ER PT J AU Kilgour, DW Moseley, RB Barnett, MO Savage, KS Jardine, PM AF Kilgour, Douglas W. Moseley, Rebecca B. Barnett, Mark O. Savage, Kaye S. Jardine, Philip M. TI Potential negative consequences of adding phosphorus-based fertilizers to immobilize lead in soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU STABILIZATION; SHOOTING RANGE SOIL; CONTAMINATED SOILS; PHOSPHATE ROCK; BIOAVAILABILITY; MOBILITY; ANTIMONY; CHLOROPYROMORPHITE; ADSORPTION; PB AB A study of the potential negative consequences of adding phosphate (P)-based fertilizers as amendments to immobilize lead (Pb) in contaminated soils was conducted. Lead-contaminated firing range soils also contained elevated concentrations of antimony(Sb), a common Pb hardening agent, and some arsenic (As) of unknown (possibly background) origin. After amending the soils with triple superphosphate, a relatively soluble P source, column leaching experiments revealed elevated concentrations of Sb, As, and Pb in the leachate, reflecting an initial spike in soluble Pb and a particularly dramatic increase in Sb and As mobility. Minimal As, Sb, and Pb, leaching was observed during column tests performed on non-amended control soils. In vitro, extractions tests were performed to assess changes in Pb, As, and Sb bioaccessibility on P amendment. Lead bioaccessibility was systematically lowered with increasing P dosage, but there was much less of an effect oil As and Sb bioaccessibility than on mobility. Our results indicate that although P amendments may aid in lowering the bioaccessibility of soil-bound Pb, it may also produce an initial increase in Pb mobility and a significant release of Sb and As from the soil, dramatically increasing their mobility and to a lesser extent their bioavailability. C1 [Kilgour, Douglas W.; Moseley, Rebecca B.; Barnett, Mark O.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 208, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Savage, Kaye S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dep Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Jardine, Philip M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 208, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM mark.barnett@auburn.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development program (SERDP) FX Kent Hartzog assisted in preparing the final version of the manuscript. This research was sponsored by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development program (SERDP) under the direction of Dr. Andrea Leeson. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1733 EP 1740 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0409 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 344OJ UT WOS:000258936900008 PM 18689734 ER PT J AU Wargacki, SP Lewis, LA Dadmun, MD AF Wargacki, Stephen P. Lewis, Linda A. Dadmun, Mark D. TI Enhancing the quality of aged latent fingerprints developed by superglue fuming: Loss and replenishment of initiator SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; fingerprints; aging; recovery; cyanoacrylate; enhancement; polymerization; quartz crystal microbalance ID VACUUM METAL-DEPOSITION; CYANOACRYLATE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The recovery and identification of latent fingerprints from a crime scene are crucial to many investigations. The cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming method (CFM), which develops fingerprints by growing a polymer coating over the print residue, is a powerful method but encounters severe limitations when prints are aged or exposed to harsh environmental conditions. We examine the aging process and how the changes that occur to a fingerprint residue over time influence the growth of polymer during development. We identify loss of initiator by erosion and degradation that, when coupled with a loss of water from the print residue, result in a decreased ability to polymerize ethylcyanoacrylate. Then, we present a methodology by which the ability of aged latent fingerprints to polymerize ethylcyanoacrylate is recovered. Two print enhancement agents, acetic acid and ammonia, are demonstrated to improve the growth of polymer from the print ridges by over an order of magnitude, while retaining the integrity of the print structure. Comparison between the two enhancement agents indicate that the enhancement occurs due to ridge coating by file ammonia or acetic acid and pH control of the latent print. C1 [Wargacki, Stephen P.; Dadmun, Mark D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lewis, Linda A.; Dadmun, Mark D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dadmun, MD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Dad@urk.edu OI Dadmun, Mark/0000-0003-4304-6087 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-84OR21400]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [38740-AC7] FX This work was conducted under DOE contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 for the U.S. Department of Energy. Acknowledgment is also made to the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this Research under grant 38740-AC7. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1138 EP 1144 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00822.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 346SO UT WOS:000259089700018 PM 18643866 ER PT J AU Luhring, TM Jennison, CA AF Luhring, Thomas M. Jennison, Chad A. TI A new stratified aquatic sampling technique for aquatic vertebrates SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALAMANDERS SIREN; AMPHIUMA-MEANS AB We developed a new type of passive-sampling minnow trap that enables aquatic sampling at depths of up to 70 cm without drowning obligate air-breathers. The trap demonstrated a heightened ability to capture bottom-dwelling animals that may otherwise be underrepresented by other trapping methodologies. The success rate of this new trap, relative to conventional minnow traps, seems to vary across wetlands and seasons. After 502 trap-nights with the new trap and 870 trap-nights with minnow traps at three wetlands, we present data for three species of permanently aquatic salamanders, seven species of aquatic snakes, and four species of fishes. C1 [Luhring, Thomas M.; Jennison, Chad A.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Luhring, TM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM tluhring@uga.edu RI Luhring, Thomas/A-9489-2012 OI Luhring, Thomas/0000-0001-7982-5862 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664222 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 345AT UT WOS:000258969100013 ER PT J AU Hraber, P Kuiken, C Waugh, M Geer, S Bruno, WJ Leitner, T AF Hraber, Peter Kuiken, Carla Waugh, Mark Geer, Shaun Bruno, William J. Leitner, Thomas TI Classification of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 sequences with the branching index SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION HISTORY; HIV-1; PHYLOGENIES; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; NOMENCLATURE; RIBAVIRIN; GENOMES; TYPE-1; MODEL AB Classification of viral sequences should be fast, objective, accurate and reproducible. Most methods that classify sequences use either pair-wise distances or phylogenetic relations, but cannot discern when a sequence is unclassifiable. The branching index (BI) combines distance and phylogeny methods to compute a ratio that quantifies how closely a query sequence clusters with a subtype clade. In the hypothesis-testing framework of statistical inference, the BI is compared with a threshold to test whether sufficient evidence exists for the query sequence to be classified among known sequences. If above the threshold, the null hypothesis of no support for the subtype relation is rejected and the sequence is taken as belonging to the subtype clade with which it clusters on the tree. This study evaluates statistical properties of the BI for subtype classification in hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). Pairs of BI values with known positive- and negative-test results were computed from 10 000 random fragments of reference alignments. Sampled fragments were of sufficient length to contain phylogenetic signals that grouped reference sequences together properly into subtype clades. For HCV, a threshold BI of 0.71 yields 95.1% agreement with reference subtypes, with equal false-positive and false-negative rates. For HIV-1, a threshold of 0.66 yields 93.5% agreement. Higher thresholds can be used where lower false-positive rates are required. In synthetic recombinants, regions without breakpoints are recognized accurately; regions with breakpoints do not represent any known subtype uniquely. Web-based services for viral subtype classification with the BI are available online. C1 [Hraber, Peter; Kuiken, Carla; Waugh, Mark; Geer, Shaun; Bruno, William J.; Leitner, Thomas] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hraber, P (reprint author), LANL, T-10 MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM phraber@lanl.gov OI Hraber, Peter/0000-0002-2920-4897 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); Department of Energy (DOE) [YI-AI-1500-01] FX We thank Chuck Calef, Will Fischer, Can Kesmir, Bette Korber, T-10, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) HIV/HCV team therein for scientific advisement and expertise. We thank the anonymous reviewers, who kindly provided thoughtful insights to improve the presentation of our findings. LA-UR 07-7837. Funding was provided under National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Department of Energy (DOE) interagency agreement YI-AI-1500-01. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 BP 2098 EP 2107 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83657-0 PN 9 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 349MT UT WOS:000259285600005 PM 18753218 ER PT J AU Buchmueller, O Cavanaugh, R De Roeck, A Ellis, JR Flacher, H Heinemeyer, S Isidori, G Olive, KA Paradisi, P Ronga, FJ Weiglein, G AF Buchmueller, O. Cavanaugh, R. De Roeck, A. Ellis, J. R. Flaecher, H. Heinemeyer, S. Isidori, G. Olive, K. A. Paradisi, P. Ronga, F. J. Weiglein, G. TI Predictions for supersymmetric particle masses using indirect experimental and cosmological constraints SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE supersymmetric standard model; GUT; B-physics; electromagnetic processes and properties ID LARGE TAN-BETA; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; MSSM HIGGS BOSONS; STANDARD MODEL; DARK-MATTER; RELIC DENSITY; S-GAMMA; PHYSICS; PROGRAM; SEARCH AB In view of the imminent start of the LHC experimental programme, we use the available indirect experimental and cosmological information to estimate the likely range of parameters of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), using a Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to sample the parameter space. The 95% confidence-level area in the (m0, m1/2) plane of the CMSSM lies largely within the region that could be explored with 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity at 14TeV, and much of the 68% confidence-level area lies within the region that could be explored with 50 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity at 10TeV. A same-sign dilepton signal could well be visible in most of the 68% confidence-level area with 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity at 14TeV. We discuss the sensitivities of the preferred ranges to variations in the most relevant indirect experimental and cosmological constraints and also to deviations from the universality of the supersymmetry-breaking contributions to the masses of the Higgs bosons. C1 [Buchmueller, O.; De Roeck, A.; Ellis, J. R.; Flaecher, H.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Cavanaugh, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cavanaugh, R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [De Roeck, A.] Univ Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Heinemeyer, S.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Isidori, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Isidori, G.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Olive, K. A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ronga, F. J.] ETH, Inst Particle Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Weiglein, G.] Univ Durham, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Buchmueller, O (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM Oliver.Buchmuller@cern.ch; Richard.Cavanaugh@cern.ch; deroeck@mail.cern.ch; John.Ellis@cern.ch; flaecher@mail.cern.ch; Sven.Heinemeyer@cern.ch; Isidori@lnf.infn.it; OLIVE@physics.umn.edu; Paride.Paradisi@uv.es; Frederic.Ronga@cern.ch; georg.weiglein@durham.ac.uk FU European Community's Marie-Curie Research Training Network [MRTN-CT-2006-035505, MRTN-CT-2006-035482]; Spanish MEC and FEDER [FPA2005-01678]; CICYT [FPA 2007-66387]; DOE [DE-FG02-94ER-40823] FX We thank A. M. Weber for collaboration in the early stages of this work. This work was supported in part by the European Community's Marie-Curie Research Training Network under contracts MRTN-CT-2006-035505 'Tools and Precision Calculations for Physics Discoveries at Colliders' and MRTN-CT-2006-035482 'FLAVIAnet', and by the Spanish MEC and FEDER under grant FPA2005-01678. The work of S. H. was supported in part by CICYT (grant FPA 2007-66387), and the work of K.A.O. was supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-94ER-40823 at the University of Minnesota. NR 117 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 IS 9 AR 117 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 355HJ UT WOS:000259699700020 ER PT J AU Catani, S Gleisberg, T Krauss, F Rodrigo, G Winter, JC AF Catani, Stefano Gleisberg, Tanju Krauss, Frank Rodrigo, German Winter, Jan-Christopher TI From loops to trees by-passing Feynman's theorem SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; QCD ID AMPLITUDES; GLUONS; QCD AB We derive a duality relation between one-loop integrals and phase-space integrals emerging from them through single cuts. The duality relation is realized by a modification of the customary + i0 prescription of the Feynman propagators. The new prescription regularizing the propagators, which we write in a Lorentz covariant form, compensates for the absence of multiple-cut contributions that appear in the Feynman Tree Theorem. The duality relation can be applied to generic one-loop quantities in any relativistic, local and unitary field theories. We discuss in detail the duality that relates one-loop and tree-level Green's functions. We comment on applications to the analytical calculation of one-loop scattering amplitudes, and to the numerical evaluation of cross-sections at next-to-leading order. C1 [Catani, Stefano] Univ Florence, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Catani, Stefano] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Gleisberg, Tanju] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Krauss, Frank] Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Rodrigo, German] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Winter, Jan-Christopher] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Catani, S (reprint author), Univ Florence, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy. EM stefano.catani@fi.infn.it; tanju@slac.stanford.edu; frank.krauss@durham.ac.uk; german.rodrigo@ific.uv.es; jwinter@fnal.gov RI Rodrigo, German /B-8364-2009 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 IS 9 AR 065 PG 47 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 355HJ UT WOS:000259699700072 ER PT J AU Freitas, A Milstene, C Schmitt, M Sopczak, A AF Freitas, Ayres Milstene, Caroline Schmitt, Michael Sopczak, Andre TI A method for the precision mass measurement of the stop quark at the International Linear Collider SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE e plus -e experiments ID PHOTON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; ELECTROWEAK PHASE-TRANSITION; PRODUCTION NEAR-THRESHOLD; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2(GAMMA); PAIR PRODUCTION; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MSSM; E(+)E(-); LEP AB Many supersymmetric models predict new particles within the reach of the next generation of colliders. For an understanding of the model structure and the mechanism(s) of symmetry breaking, it is important to know the masses of the new particles precisely. In this article the measurement of the mass of the scalar partner of the top quark (stop) at an e + e- collider is studied. A relatively light stop is motivated by attempts to explain electroweak baryogenesis and can play an important role in dark matter relic density. A method is presented which makes use of cross- section measurements near the pair- production threshold as well as at higher center-of-mass energies. It is shown that this method not only increases the statistical precision, but also greatly reduces the systematic uncertainties, which can be important. Numerical results are presented, based on a realistic event simulation, for two signal selection strategies: using conventional selection cuts, and using an Iterative Discriminant Analysis (IDA). Our studies indicate that a precision of Delta m((t) over bar1) = 0.42GeV can be achieved, representing a major improvement over previous studies. While the analysis of stops is particularly challenging due to the possibility of stop hadronization, the general procedure could be applied to the mass measurement of other particles as well. We also comment on the potential of the IDA to discover a stop quark in this scenario, and we revisit the accuracy of the theoretical predictions for the neutralino relic density. C1 [Freitas, Ayres] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freitas, Ayres] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Freitas, Ayres] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Milstene, Caroline] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Schmitt, Michael] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Sopczak, Andre] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Milstene, Caroline] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Freitas, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM afreitas@physik.unizh.ch; caroline@fnal.gov; schmittm@lotus.phys.northwestern.edu; andre.sopczak@cern.ch FU U. S. Department of Energy (DoE) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; DoE [DE-FG02-91ER40684] FX ANL is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (DoE) under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The research effort by M. S. is supported by DoE Contract DE-FG02-91ER40684. NR 88 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 IS 9 AR 076 PG 36 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 355HJ UT WOS:000259699700061 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Tuchin, K AF Kharzeev, Dmitri Tuchin, Kirill TI Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sum rules; QCD; lattice QCD; anomalies in field and string theories ID BROKEN SCALE INVARIANCE; LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; LOW-ENERGY THEOREMS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; THEORY PLASMA; GLUODYNAMICS; ANOMALIES; DILATON AB Kubo's formula relates bulk viscosity to the retarded Green's function of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Using low energy theorems of QCD for the latter we derive the formula which relates the bulk viscosity to the energy density and pressure of hot matter. We then employ the available lattice QCD data to extract the bulk viscosity as a function of temperature. We find that close to the deconfinement temperature bulk viscosity becomes large, with viscosity-to-entropy ratio zeta/s similar to 1. C1 [Kharzeev, Dmitri] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tuchin, Kirill] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tuchin, Kirill] BNL Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kharzeev@bnl.gov; tuchin@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 IS 9 AR 093 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 355HJ UT WOS:000259699700044 ER PT J AU Sturm, C AF Sturm, Christian TI Moments of heavy quark current correlators at four-loop order in perturbative QCD SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; strong coupling expansion; QCD ID VACUUM POLARIZATION FUNCTION; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY-BREAKING; MASTER INTEGRALS; DIFFERENCE-EQUATIONS; GAUGE THEORIES; RHO-PARAMETER; SUM-RULES; 4 LOOPS; RENORMALIZATION; O(ALPHA(2)(S)) AB We present the result for the first moment of the scalar and axial-vector current correlator in third order of the strong coupling constant alpha s and give the details of a recent evaluation of the pseudo-scalar correlator. The results can be used to reduce the theoretical uncertainty due to higher order corrections for the determination of fundamental parameters of QCD in the context of lattice calculations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sturm, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sturm@bnl.gov NR 60 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 IS 9 AR 075 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 355HJ UT WOS:000259699700062 ER PT J AU Tang, HS Paik, J Sotiropoulos, F Khangaonkar, T AF Tang, Han Song Paik, Joongcheol Sotiropoulos, Fotis Khangaonkar, Tarang TI Three-dimensional numerical modeling of initial mixing of thermal discharges at real-life configurations SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL TURBULENCE MODELS; HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING FLOWS; FIELD CIRCULATION MODEL; WASTE-WATER DISCHARGES; BUOYANT JETS; SHEAR FLOWS; WALL-JET; MULTIPORT DIFFUSERS; ENTRAINMENT; SIMULATION AB A three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed for simulating initial mixing in the near field of thermal discharges at real-life geometrical configurations. The domain decomposition method with multilevel embedded overset grids is employed to handle the complexity of real-life diffusers as well as to efficiently account for the large disparity in length scales arising from the relative size of the ambient river reach and the typical diffuser diameter. An algebraic mixing length model with a Richardson-number correction for buoyancy effects is used for the turbulence closure. The governing equations are solved with a second-order-accurate, finite-volume, artificial compressibility method. The model is validated by applying it to simulate thermally stratified shear flows and negatively buoyant wall jet flows and the computed results are shown to be in good overall agreement with the experimental measurements. To demonstrate the potential of the numerical model as a powerful engineering simulation tool we apply it to simulate turbulent initial mixing of thermal discharges loaded from both single-port and multiport diffusers in a prismatic channel and a natural river. Comparisons of the CFD model results with those obtained by applying two widely used empirical mixing zone models show that the results are very similar in terms of both the rate of dilution and overall shape of the plumes. The CFD model further resolves the complex three-dimensional features of such flows, including the complex interplay of the ambient flow and thermal discharges as well as the interaction between each of discharges loaded from multiple ports, which are obviously not accessible by the simpler empirical models. C1 [Tang, Han Song] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Tang, Han Song; Khangaonkar, Tarang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Paik, Joongcheol; Sotiropoulos, Fotis] Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Paik, Joongcheol] Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Gangwon, South Korea. RP Tang, HS (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM htang@ce.ccny.cuny.edu RI Sotiropoulos, Fotis/C-2163-2012 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2008 VL 134 IS 9 BP 1210 EP 1224 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:9(1210) PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 338DR UT WOS:000258486200003 ER PT J AU Ho, CK AF Ho, Clifford K. TI Solute mixing models for water-distribution pipe networks SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID JETS; FLOW AB The spreading of solutes or contaminants through water-distribution pipe networks is controlled largely by mixing at pipe junctions where varying flow rates and concentrations can enter the junction. Alternative models of solute mixing within these pipe junctions are presented in this paper. Simple complete-mixing models are discussed along with rigorous computational-fluid-dynamics models based on turbulent Navier-Stokes equations. In addition, a new model that describes the bulk-mixing behavior resulting from different flow rates entering and leaving the junction is developed in this paper. Comparisons with experimental data have confirmed that this bulk-mixing model provides a lower bound to the amount of mixing that can occur within a pipe junction, while the complete-mixing model yields an upper bound. In addition, a simple scaling parameter is used to estimate the actual (intermediate) mixing behavior based on the bounding predictions of the complete-mixing and bulk-mixing models. These simple analytical models can be readily implemented into network-scale models to develop predictions and bounding scenarios of solute transport and water quality in water-distribution systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The writer thanks Professor Chris Choi, Ryan Austin, and Pedro Romero-Gomez from the University of Arizona for providing the experimental data in Romero-Gomez et al. (2006) and Sean McKenna, Jerome Wright, and Lee O'rear for providing the experimental data in McKenna et al. (2007). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2008 VL 134 IS 9 BP 1236 EP 1244 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:9(1236) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 338DR UT WOS:000258486200005 ER PT J AU Tang, GP Alshawabkeh, AN Mayes, MA AF Tang, Guoping Alshawabkeh, Akram N. Mayes, Melanie A. TI Automatic time stepping with global error control for groundwater flow models SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RICHARDS EQUATION AB Automatic time stepping with global error control is proposed for the time integration of the diffusion equation to simulate groundwater flow in confined aquifers. The scheme is based on an a posteriori error estimate for the discontinuous Galerkin finite-element methods. A stability factor is involved in the error estimate and it is used to adapt the time step and control the global temporal error for the backward Euler method. The stability factor can be estimated by solving a dual problem. The stability factor is not sensitive to the accuracy of the dual solution and the overhead computational cost can be minimized by solving the dual problem using large time steps. Numerical experiments are conducted to show the application and the performance of the automatic time stepping scheme. Implementation of the scheme can lead to improvements in accuracy and efficiency of groundwater flow models. C1 [Tang, Guoping; Mayes, Melanie A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Alshawabkeh, Akram N.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Snell Engn Ctr 400, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Tang, GP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS-6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tang, Guoping/A-5141-2010 OI Tang, Guoping/0000-0003-1090-3564 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 9 BP 803 EP 810 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:9(803) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 338DV UT WOS:000258486700006 ER PT J AU Fathy, A Wang, C Wilson, J Yang, SN AF Fathy, Aly Wang, Cheng Wilson, Joshua Yang, Songnan TI A fourth order difference scheme for the Maxwell equations on Yee grid SO JOURNAL OF HYPERBOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE Maxwell equations; Yee grid; long stencil fourth order approximation; "symmetric image" formula; Jameson method; stability domain ID INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; CONSTRUCTION; PENETRATION; SCATTERING; MEDIA AB The Maxwell equations are solved by a long-stencil fourth order. nite difference method over a Yee grid, in which different physical variables are located at staggered mesh points. A careful treatment of the numerical values near the boundary is introduced, which in turn leads to a "symmetric image" formula at the "ghost" grid points. Such a symmetric formula assures the stability of the boundary extrapolation. In turn, the fourth order discrete curl operator for the electric and magnetic vectors gives a complete set of eigenvalues in the purely imaginary axis. To advance the dynamic equations, the four- stage Runge - Kutta method is utilized, which results in a full fourth order accuracy in both time and space. A stability constraint for the time step is formulated at both the theoretical and numerical levels, using an argument of stability domain. An accuracy check is presented to verify the fourth order precision, using a comparison between exact solution and numerical solutions at a. xed. nal time. In addition, some numerical simulations of a loss-less rectangular cavity are also carried out and the frequency is measured precisely. C1 [Fathy, Aly; Yang, Songnan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Cheng] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Math, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Wilson, Joshua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Res Accelerator Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fathy, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fathy@ece.utk.edu; wang@math.utk.edu; wilsonjl@ornl.gov; syang4@utk.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-8916 J9 J HYPERBOL DIFFER EQ JI J. Hyberbolic Differ. Equ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 613 EP 642 DI 10.1142/S0219891608001623 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 348TP UT WOS:000259233300006 ER PT J AU Ahmad, A Andreazza, A Atkinson, T Baines, J Barr, AJ Beccherle, R Bell, PJ Bernabeu, J Broklova, Z de Renstrom, PAB Cauz, D Chevalier, L Chouridou, S Citterio, M Clark, A Cobal, M Cornelissen, T Correard, S Costa, MJ Costanzo, D Cuneo, S Dameri, M Darbo, G de Vivie, JB Di Girolamo, B Dobos, D Drasal, Z Drohan, J Einsweiler, K Elsing, M Emelyanov, D Escobar, C Facius, K Ferrari, P Fergusson, D Ferrere, D Flick, T Froidevaux, D Gagliardi, G Gallas, M Gallop, BJ Gan, KK Garcia, C Gavrilenko, IL Gemme, C Gerlach, P Golling, T Gonzalez-Sevilla, S Goodrick, MJ Gorfine, G Goettfert, T Grosse-Knetter, J Hansen, PH Hara, K Haertel, R Harvey, A Hawkings, RJ Heinemann, FEW Henss, T Hill, JC Huegging, F Jansen, E Joseph, J Unel, MK Kataoka, M Kersten, S Khomich, A Klingenberg, R Kodys, P Koffas, T Konstantinidis, N Kostyukhin, V Lacasta, C Lari, T Latorre, S Lester, CG Liebig, W Lipniacka, A Lourerio, KF Mangin-Brinet, M Garcia, SMI Mathes, M Meroni, C Mikulec, B Mindur, B Moed, S Moorhead, G Morettini, P Moyse, EWJ Nakamura, K Nechaeva, P Nikolaev, K Parodi, F Parzhitskiy, S Pater, J Petti, R Phillips, PW Pinto, B Poppleton, A Reeves, K Reisinger, I Reznicek, P Risso, P Robinson, D Roe, S Rozanov, A Salzburger, A Sandaker, H Santi, L Schiavi, C Schieck, J Schultes, J Sfyrla, A Shaw, C Tegenfeldt, F Timmermans, CJWP Toczek, B Troncon, C Tyndel, M Vernocchi, F Virzi, J Anh, TV Warren, M Weber, J Weber, M Weidberg, AR Weingarten, J Wells, PS Zhelezko, A AF Ahmad, A. Andreazza, A. Atkinson, T. Baines, J. Barr, A. J. Beccherle, R. Bell, P. J. Bernabeu, J. Broklova, Z. de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman Cauz, D. Chevalier, L. Chouridou, S. Citterio, M. Clark, A. Cobal, M. Cornelissen, T. Correard, S. Costa, M. J. Costanzo, D. Cuneo, S. Dameri, M. Darbo, G. de Vivie, J. B. Di Girolamo, B. Dobos, D. Drasal, Z. Drohan, J. Einsweiler, K. Elsing, M. Emelyanov, D. Escobar, C. Facius, K. Ferrari, P. Fergusson, D. Ferrere, D. Flick, T. Froidevaux, D. Gagliardi, G. Gallas, M. Gallop, B. J. Gan, K. K. Garcia, C. Gavrilenko, I. L. Gemme, C. Gerlach, P. Golling, T. Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. Goodrick, M. J. Gorfine, G. Goettfert, T. Grosse-Knetter, J. Hansen, P. H. Hara, K. Haertel, R. Harvey, A. Hawkings, R. J. Heinemann, F. E. W. Henss, T. Hill, J. C. Huegging, F. Jansen, E. Joseph, J. Uenel, M. Karagoez Kataoka, M. Kersten, S. Khomich, A. Klingenberg, R. Kodys, P. Koffas, T. Konstantinidis, N. Kostyukhin, V. Lacasta, C. Lari, T. Latorre, S. Lester, C. G. Liebig, W. Lipniacka, A. Lourerio, K. F. Mangin-Brinet, M. Garcia, S. Marti i Mathes, M. Meroni, C. Mikulec, B. Mindur, B. Moed, S. Moorhead, G. Morettini, P. Moyse, E. W. J. Nakamura, K. Nechaeva, P. Nikolaev, K. Parodi, F. Parzhitskiy, S. Pater, J. Petti, R. Phillips, P. W. Pinto, B. Poppleton, A. Reeves, K. Reisinger, I. Reznicek, P. Risso, P. Robinson, D. Roe, S. Rozanov, A. Salzburger, A. Sandaker, H. Santi, L. Schiavi, C. Schieck, J. Schultes, J. Sfyrla, A. Shaw, C. Tegenfeldt, F. Timmermans, C. J. W. P. Toczek, B. Troncon, C. Tyndel, M. Vernocchi, F. Virzi, J. Anh, T. Vu Warren, M. Weber, J. Weber, M. Weidberg, A. R. Weingarten, J. Wells, P. S. Zhelezko, A. TI Alignment of the Pixel and SCT Modules for the 2004 ATLAS Combined Test Beam SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Particle tracking detectors; Solid state detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) ID SEMICONDUCTOR TRACKER; DETECTOR; PERFORMANCE; READOUT; CHIP AB A small set of final prototypes of the ATLAS Inner Detector silicon tracking system (Pixel Detector and SemiConductor Tracker), were used to take data during the 2004 Combined Test Beam. Data were collected from runs with beams of different flavour (electrons, pions, muons and photons) with a momentum range of 2 to 180 GeV/c. Four independent methods were used to align the silicon modules. The corrections obtained were validated using the known momenta of the beam particles and were shown to yield consistent results among the different alignment approaches. From the residual distributions, it is concluded that the precision attained in the alignment of the silicon modules is of the order of 5 m m in their most precise coordinate. C1 [Barr, A. J.; de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman; Heinemann, F. E. W.; Uenel, M. Karagoez; Weidberg, A. R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Lipniacka, A.; Sandaker, H.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Einsweiler, K.; Fergusson, D.; Golling, T.; Joseph, J.; Virzi, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grosse-Knetter, J.; Huegging, F.; Mathes, M.; Weingarten, J.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Petti, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Goodrick, M. J.; Hill, J. C.; Lester, C. G.; Robinson, D.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Cornelissen, T.; Di Girolamo, B.; Elsing, M.; Ferrari, P.; Froidevaux, D.; Gallas, M.; Hawkings, R. J.; Kataoka, M.; Koffas, T.; Moyse, E. W. J.; Poppleton, A.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Hansen, P. H.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. [Mindur, B.; Toczek, B.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Dobos, D.; Klingenberg, R.; Reisinger, I.] Univ Dortmund, DE-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Clark, A.; Ferrere, D.; Mangin-Brinet, M.; Mikulec, B.; Moed, S.; Anh, T. Vu] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Beccherle, R.; Cuneo, S.; Dameri, M.; Darbo, G.; Gagliardi, G.; Gemme, C.; Kostyukhin, V.; Morettini, P.; Nechaeva, P.; Parodi, F.; Risso, P.; Schiavi, C.; Vernocchi, F.] INFN Genova, IT-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Beccherle, R.; Cuneo, S.; Dameri, M.; Darbo, G.; Gagliardi, G.; Gemme, C.; Kostyukhin, V.; Morettini, P.; Nechaeva, P.; Parodi, F.; Risso, P.; Vernocchi, F.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, IT-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Shaw, C.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Harvey, A.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Salzburger, A.] Inst Fuer Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Nikolaev, K.; Parzhitskiy, S.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, JINR Dubna, RU-141980 Moscow, Moscow Region, Russia. [Konstantinidis, N.; Warren, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Bell, P. J.; Pater, J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Khomich, A.] Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Fuer Informat 5, DE-68131 Mannheim, Germany. [Correard, S.; de Vivie, J. B.; Rozanov, A.] Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France. [Atkinson, T.; Moorhead, G.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, AU Parkville, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Andreazza, A.; Citterio, M.; Lari, T.; Latorre, S.; Meroni, C.; Troncon, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Andreazza, A.; Citterio, M.; Lari, T.; Latorre, S.; Meroni, C.; Troncon, C.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Gavrilenko, I. L.] Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, RU-117924 Moscow, Russia. [Zhelezko, A.] Moscow Engn & Phys Inst MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia. [Goettfert, T.; Haertel, R.; Schieck, J.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Jansen, E.; Timmermans, C. J. W. P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Dept Exp High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Gorfine, G.; Liebig, W.] Nikhef Natl Inst Subatom Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Gan, K. K.; Lourerio, K. F.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pinto, B.] LIP, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, PT-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. [Pinto, B.] Univ Lisbon, SIM, PT-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. [Broklova, Z.; Drasal, Z.; Kodys, P.; Reznicek, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Baines, J.; Emelyanov, D.; Gallop, B. J.; Phillips, P. W.; Tyndel, M.; Weber, M.] Sci & Technol Facil Council, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Chevalier, L.] Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DSM DAPNIA, FR-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chouridou, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Costanzo, D.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Ahmad, A.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Tw Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Hara, K.; Nakamura, K.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, JP Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Cauz, D.; Cobal, M.; Santi, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato Udine, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. [Cauz, D.; Cobal, M.; Santi, L.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, IT-33100 Udine, Italy. [Cauz, D.; Cobal, M.; Santi, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato Udine, IT-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Cauz, D.; Cobal, M.; Santi, L.] ICTP, IT-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Bernabeu, J.; Costa, M. J.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Lacasta, C.; Garcia, S. Marti i] CSIC, Ctr Mixto UVEG, Inst Fis Corpuscular, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Bernabeu, J.; Costa, M. J.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Lacasta, C.; Garcia, S. Marti i] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Mol & Nucl, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Bernabeu, J.; Costa, M. J.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Lacasta, C.; Mangin-Brinet, M.] CSIC, IMB CNM, Inst Microelect Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Flick, T.; Gerlach, P.; Gorfine, G.; Henss, T.; Kersten, S.; Reeves, K.; Schultes, J.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich C, DE-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Tegenfeldt, F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames High Energy Phys Grp, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Unel, MK (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM muge.karagoz.unel@cern.ch RI Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011; Marti-Garcia, Salvador/F-3085-2011; Bernabeu, Jose/H-6708-2015; Gavrilenko, Igor/M-8260-2015; Mindur, Bartosz/A-2253-2017; OI Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759; Bernabeu, Jose/0000-0002-0296-9988; Mindur, Bartosz/0000-0002-5511-2611; Troncon, Clara/0000-0002-7997-8524; Lacasta, Carlos/0000-0002-2623-6252 FU DEST, Australia; Bundesministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Austria; CERN; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic; Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic; Committee for Collaboration of the Czech Republic; Danish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS; Dapnia-CEA, France; BMBF; DESY; MPG, Germany; INFN, Italy; FOM; NWO, Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Russian Federal Agency of Science and Innovations; Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy; JINR; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain; State Secretariat for Education and Science; Swiss National Science Foundation; Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; National Science Council, Taiwan; The Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; DOE; NSF, United States of America FX We acknowledge the support of ARC and DEST, Australia; Bundesministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Austria; CERN; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, and Committee for Collaboration of the Czech Republic with CERN; Danish Natural Science Research Council; IN2P3-CNRS and Dapnia-CEA, France; BMBF, DESY, and MPG, Germany; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Russian Federal Agency of Science and Innovations, and Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy; JINR; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain; State Secretariat for Education and Science, Swiss National Science Foundation, and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; National Science Council, Taiwan; The Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 AR P09004 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/09/P09004 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 366GX UT WOS:000260469800004 ER PT J AU Buchanan, NJ Chen, L Gingrich, DM Liu, S Chen, H Damazio, D Densing, F Duffin, S Farrell, J Kandasamy, S Kierstead, J Lanni, F Lissauer, D Ma, H Makowiecki, D Muller, T Radeka, V Rescia, S Ruggiero, R Takai, H Wolniewicz, K Ghazlane, H Hoummada, A Hervas, L Hott, T Wilkens, HG Ban, J Boettcher, S Brooijmans, G Chi, CY Caughron, S Cooke, M Copic, K Dannheim, D Gara, A Haas, A Katsanos, I Parsons, JA Simion, S Sippach, W Zhang, L Zhou, N Eckstein, P Kobel, M Ladygin, E Auge, E Bernier, R Bouchel, M Bozzone, A Breton, D de la Taille, C Falleau, I Fournier, D Imbert, P Martin-Chassard, G Perus, A Richer, JP Moreau, NS Serin, L Tocut, V Veillet, JJ Zerwas, D Colas, J Dumont-Dayot, N Massol, N Perrodo, P Perrot, G Wingerter-Seez, I Escalier, M Hubaut, F Laforge, B Le Dortz, O Schwemling, P Collot, J Dzahini, D Gallin-Martel, ML Martin, P Cwienk, WD Fent, J Kurchaninov, L Citterio, M Mazzanti, M Tartarelli, F Bansal, V Boulahouache, C Cleland, W Liu, B McDonald, J Paolone, V Rabel, J Savinov, V Zuk, G Benslama, K Borgeaud, P de la Broise, X Delagnes, E Le Coguie, A Mansoulie, B Pascual, J Teiger, J Dinkespiler, B Liu, T Stroynowski, R Ye, J Zarzhitsky, P Grahn, KJ Hansson, P Lund-Jensen, B Chu, ML Lee, SC Su, DS Tengs, PK Braun, HM AF Buchanan, N. J. Chen, L. Gingrich, D. M. Liu, S. Chen, H. Damazio, D. Densing, F. Duffin, S. Farrell, J. Kandasamy, S. Kierstead, J. Lanni, F. Lissauer, D. Ma, H. Makowiecki, D. Muller, T. Radeka, V. Rescia, S. Ruggiero, R. Takai, H. Wolniewicz, K. Ghazlane, H. Hoummada, A. Hervas, L. Hott, T. Wilkens, H. G. Ban, J. Boettcher, S. Brooijmans, G. Chi, C. -Y. Caughron, S. Cooke, M. Copic, K. Dannheim, D. Gara, A. Haas, A. Katsanos, I. Parsons, J. A. Simion, S. Sippach, W. Zhang, L. Zhou, N. Eckstein, P. Kobel, M. Ladygin, E. Auge, E. Bernier, R. Bouchel, M. Bozzone, A. Breton, D. de la Taille, C. Falleau, I. Fournier, D. Imbert, P. Martin-Chassard, G. Perus, A. Richer, J. P. Moreau, N. Seguin Serin, L. Tocut, V. Veillet, J-J. Zerwas, D. Colas, J. Dumont-Dayot, N. Massol, N. Perrodo, P. Perrot, G. Wingerter-Seez, I. Escalier, M. Hubaut, F. Laforge, B. Le Dortz, O. Schwemling, Ph. Collot, J. Dzahini, D. Gallin-Martel, M. -L. Martin, P. Cwienk, W. D. Fent, J. Kurchaninov, L. Citterio, M. Mazzanti, M. Tartarelli, F. Bansal, V. Boulahouache, C. Cleland, W. Liu, B. McDonald, J. Paolone, V. Rabel, J. Savinov, V. Zuk, G. Benslama, K. Borgeaud, P. de la Broise, X. Delagnes, E. Le Coguie, A. Mansoulie, B. Pascual, J. Teiger, J. Dinkespiler, B. Liu, T. Stroynowski, R. Ye, J. Zarzhitsky, P. Grahn, K. -J. Hansson, P. Lund-Jensen, B. Chu, M. L. Lee, S. -C. Su, D. S. Tengs, P. K. Braun, H. M. TI ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter front end electronics SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Electronic detector readout concepts (gas, liquid); Calorimeters; Front-end electronics for detector readout ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BARREL CALORIMETER; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; MODULE-0 AB The ATLAS detector has been designed for operation at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. ATLAS includes a complex system of liquid argon calorimeters. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of the system of custom front end electronics developed for the readout of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeters. C1 [Ban, J.; Boettcher, S.; Brooijmans, G.; Chi, C. -Y.; Caughron, S.; Cooke, M.; Copic, K.; Dannheim, D.; Gara, A.; Haas, A.; Katsanos, I.; Parsons, J. A.; Simion, S.; Sippach, W.; Zhang, L.; Zhou, N.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. [Buchanan, N. J.; Chen, L.; Gingrich, D. M.; Liu, S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Chen, H.; Damazio, D.; Densing, F.; Duffin, S.; Farrell, J.; Kandasamy, S.; Kierstead, J.; Lanni, F.; Lissauer, D.; Ma, H.; Makowiecki, D.; Muller, T.; Radeka, V.; Rescia, S.; Ruggiero, R.; Takai, H.; Wolniewicz, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ghazlane, H.; Hoummada, A.] Univ Casablanca, Fac Sci, Casablanca, Morocco. [Hervas, L.; Hott, T.; Wilkens, H. G.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Eckstein, P.; Kobel, M.; Ladygin, E.] Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden, Germany. [Ladygin, E.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Auge, E.; Bernier, R.; Bouchel, M.; Bozzone, A.; Breton, D.; de la Taille, C.; Falleau, I.; Fournier, D.; Imbert, P.; Martin-Chassard, G.; Perus, A.; Richer, J. P.; Moreau, N. Seguin; Serin, L.; Tocut, V.; Veillet, J-J.; Zerwas, D.] Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Colas, J.; Dumont-Dayot, N.; Massol, N.; Perrodo, P.; Perrot, G.; Wingerter-Seez, I.] Univ Savoie, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, Annecy, France. [Escalier, M.; Hubaut, F.; Laforge, B.; Le Dortz, O.; Schwemling, Ph.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France. [Collot, J.; Dzahini, D.; Gallin-Martel, M. -L.; Martin, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, LPSC, CNRS IN2P3, Grenoble, France. [Cwienk, W. D.; Fent, J.; Kurchaninov, L.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Citterio, M.; Mazzanti, M.; Tartarelli, F.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Bansal, V.; Boulahouache, C.; Cleland, W.; Liu, B.; McDonald, J.; Paolone, V.; Rabel, J.; Savinov, V.; Zuk, G.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Benslama, K.] Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Borgeaud, P.; de la Broise, X.; Delagnes, E.; Le Coguie, A.; Mansoulie, B.; Pascual, J.; Teiger, J.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dinkespiler, B.; Liu, T.; Stroynowski, R.; Ye, J.; Zarzhitsky, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Grahn, K. -J.; Hansson, P.; Lund-Jensen, B.] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Chu, M. L.; Lee, S. -C.; Su, D. S.; Tengs, P. K.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Braun, H. M.] Univ Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany. [Gingrich, D. M.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Ban, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. RP Parsons, JA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. EM parsons@nevis.columbia.edu RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012; delagnes, eric/G-8782-2011; Zhou, Ning/D-1123-2017; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 AR P09003 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/3/09/P09003 PG 61 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 366GX UT WOS:000260469800003 ER PT J AU Martin, JE Shea-Rohwer, LE AF Martin, James E. Shea-Rohwer, Lauren E. TI A 1-D model of the photoluminescent decay of ZnS phosphors as a function of excitation conditions SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE donor-acceptor; stretched exponential decay; power-law decay; ZnS phosphors ID BROAD-BAND LUMINESCENCES; MECHANISM; KINETICS AB We present measurements of the time-resolved photoluminescence of ZnS:Cu,Al that demonstrate how the lifetime and form of the strongly non-exponential decay depend oil excitation conditions, such as pulse width and amplitude. To give some insight into the experimental observations we propose a phenomenological, correlated state model intended to describe aspects of the relaxation behavior of acceptor-donor luminescent materials. A comparison of simulation and experiment show that this simple model successfully describes many of our observations, such as a crossover from stretched exponential to power-law decay, and lifetimes that depend strongly oil the excitation pulse width and amplitude. These effects are shown to be due to the development of spatial correlations between the electrons and holes. These correlations develop both during emission and continuous excitation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, James E.; Shea-Rohwer, Lauren E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jmartin@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1407 EP 1420 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2008.01.019 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 329VK UT WOS:000257898500006 ER PT J AU Zotev, VS Matlashov, AN Volegov, PL Savukov, IM Espy, MA Mosher, JC Gomez, JJ Kraus, RH AF Zotev, Vadim S. Matlashov, Andrei N. Volegov, Petr L. Savukov, Igor M. Espy, Michelle A. Mosher, John C. Gomez, John J. Kraus, Robert H., Jr. TI Microtesla MRI of the human brain combined with MEG SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE MEG; MRI; low-field MRI; SQUID; co-registration ID LOW MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ULTRA-LOW-FIELD; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; T2; T1; RELAXATION; NMR; INSTRUMENTATION; ACTIVATION; ACCURACY AB One of the challenges in functional brain imaging is integration of complementary imaging modalities, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MEG, which uses highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUlDs) to directly measure magnetic fields of neuronal currents, cannot be combined with conventional high-field MRI in a single instrument. Indirect matching of MEG and MRI data leads to significant co-registration errors. A recently proposed imaging method-SQUID-based microtesla MRI-can be naturally combined with MEG in the same system to directly provide Structural maps for MEG-localized sources. It enables easy and accurate integration of MEG and MRI/fMRI, because microtesla MR images can be precisely matched to structural images provided by high-field MRI and other techniques. Here we report the first images of the human brain by microtesla MRI, together with auditory MEG (functional) data, recorded using the same seven-channel SQUID system during the same imaging session. The images were acquired at 46 mu T measurement Held with pre-polarization at 30 mT. We also estimated transverse relaxation times for different tissues at microtesla fields. Our results demonstrate feasibility and potential of human brain imaging by microtesla MRI. They also show that two new types of imaging equipment-low-cost systems for anatomical MRI of the human brain at microtesla fields, and more advanced instruments for combined functional (MEG) and structural (microtesla MRI) brain imaging-are practical. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zotev, Vadim S.; Matlashov, Andrei N.; Volegov, Petr L.; Savukov, Igor M.; Espy, Michelle A.; Mosher, John C.; Gomez, John J.; Kraus, Robert H., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zotev, VS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vzotev@lanl.gov OI Savukov, Igor/0000-0003-4190-5335 FU U.S. National Institutes of Health [R01-EB006456]; U.S. Department of Energy OBER [KP150302, ERWS115] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Support of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (Grant No. R01-EB006456), and the U.S. Department of Energy OBER (Grant No. KP150302, project ERWS115). We also thank Dr. Diana South of Mind Research Network (Albuquerque, NM) for performing 1.5 T and 3 T brain scans of our human Subject. NR 43 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 6 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 194 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.06.007 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 344OV UT WOS:000258938100016 PM 18619876 ER PT J AU Martin, JE Venturini, EL Huber, DL AF Martin, James E. Venturini, E. L. Huber, D. L. TI Giant magnetic susceptibility enhancement in field-structured nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE superparamagnetism; magnetic nanoparticle; iron nanoparticle; nanocomposite; field-structured; magnetic simulation ID COLLOIDAL IRON DISPERSIONS; COMPOSITES; FLUIDS AB We demonstrate through experiment and simulation that when mono-domain Fe nanoparticles are formed into chains by the application of a magnetic field, the susceptibility of the resulting structure is greatly enhanced (11.4-fold) parallel to the particle chains and is much larger than transverse to the chains. Simulations show that this significant enhancement is expected when the susceptibility of the individual particles approaches 5 in MKS units, and is due to the spontaneous magnetization of individual particle chains, which occurs because of the strong dipolar interactions. This large enhancement is only possible with nanoparticles, because demagnetization fields limit the susceptibility of a spherical multi-domain particle to 3 (MKS). Experimental confirmation of the large susceptibility enhancement is presented, and both the enhancement and the susceptibility anisotropy are found to agree with simulation. The specific susceptibility of the nanocomposite is 54 (MKS), which exceeds the highest value we have obtained for field-structured composites of multi-domain particles by a factor of four. (C) 2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, James E.; Venturini, E. L.; Huber, D. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jmartin@sandia.gov RI Huber, Dale/A-6006-2008 OI Huber, Dale/0000-0001-6872-8469 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 320 IS 18 BP 2221 EP 2227 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.111 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 311BA UT WOS:000256573800005 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Pasilis, SP Ovchinnikova, O AF Van Berkel, Gary J. Pasilis, Sofie P. Ovchinnikova, Olga TI Established and emerging atmospheric pressure surface sampling/ionization techniques for mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Review DE mass spectrometry; atmospheric pressure; surface sampling; ionization; desorption ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; SONIC-SPRAY IONIZATION; DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; LA-ICP-MS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; REAL-TIME AB The number and type of atmospheric pressure techniques suitable for sampling analytes from surfaces, forming ions from these analytes, and subsequently transporting these ions into vacuum for interrogation by MS have rapidly expanded over the last several years. Moreover, the literature in this area is complicated by an explosion in acronyms for these techniques, many of which provide no information relating to the chemical or physical processes involved. In this tutorial article, we sort this vast array of techniques into relatively few categories on the basis of the approaches used for surface sampling and ionization. For each technique, we explain, as best known, many of the underlying principles of operation, describe representative applications, and in some cases, discuss needed research or advancements and attempt to forecast their future analytical utility. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Van Berkel, Gary J.; Pasilis, Sofie P.; Ovchinnikova, Olga] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Van Berkel, Gary J.; Ovchinnikova, Olga] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) appointment through the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX S.P.P. acknowledges an Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) appointment through the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program. The preparation of this tutorial article was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, United States Department of Energy. ORNL is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 126 TC 208 Z9 209 U1 5 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1161 EP 1180 DI 10.1002/jms.1440 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 364UE UT WOS:000260360100001 PM 18671242 ER PT J AU Catledge, SA Vohra, YK Jackson, DD Weir, ST AF Catledge, Shane A. Vohra, Yogesh K. Jackson, Damon D. Weir, Samuel T. TI Adhesion of nanostructured diamond film on a copper-beryllium alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; HARDNESS; INTERLAYER; SUBSTRATE; SURFACES; COATINGS; LOAD; CVD AB Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used to coat nanostructured diamond onto a copper-beryllium alloy (similar to 1.7 wt% Be) commonly used as a nonmagnetic gasket material in diamond anvil cell devices. The coating is expected to be useful in preventing plastic flow of Cu-Be gaskets in diamond anvil cell devices, thus allowing for increased sample volume at high pressures and leading to improved sensitivity of magnetic measurements. The coatings were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, glancing-angle x-ray diffraction, microscopy (optical, scanning electron, and atomic force), Rockwell indentation, and nanoindentation. CVD diamond deposition on pure copper substrates has historically resulted in poor coating adhesion caused by the very large thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and coating as well as the inability of copper to form a carbide phase at the interface. While an interfacial graphite layer formed on the pure copper substrates and resulted in complete film delamination, well-adhered 12.5 mu m thick nanostructured diamond coatings were produced on the copper-beryllium (Cu-Be) alloy. The nanostructured diamond coatings on Cu-Be exhibit hardness of up to 84 GPa and can withstand strains from Rockwell indentation loads up to 150 kg without delamination. C1 [Catledge, Shane A.; Vohra, Yogesh K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Jackson, Damon D.; Weir, Samuel T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Catledge, SA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM catledge@uab.edu RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012; Jackson, Damon/A-5748-2013 FU Department of Energy (DOE)-National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) [DE-FG52-06NA26168] FX This material is based on work supported by the Department of Energy (DOE)-National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) under Grant No. DE-FG52-06NA26168. The authors would like to thank Dr. Mark Koopman for his assistance in SEM measurements and Dr. Shafiul Chowdhury for assistance with measurement of Rockwell indent dimensions. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2373 EP 2381 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0287 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 352RU UT WOS:000259515900012 ER PT J AU Strutt, ER Radetic, T Olevsky, EA Meyers, MA AF Strutt, E. R. Radetic, T. Olevsky, E. A. Meyers, M. A. TI Combustion synthesis/quasi-isostatic pressing of TiC(0.7)-NiTi cermets: microstructure and transformation characteristics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PERCENT-NI; TINI; TI50NI47FE3; BEHAVIOR; PHASE AB TiC(0.7)-NiTi cermets were produced by combustion synthesis followed by quasi-isostatic consolidation while the reaction products were still hot and ductile. The TiC(0.7)-NiTi cermets were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, room temperature transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in-situ TEM (temperature varied during observation). The matrix of the as-synthesized 20NiTi, 40NiTi, and 60NiTi composites contains both R and B19' martensites at room temperature. No distinct R-phase morphology could be imaged. In the B19' martensite, [011] Type II twinning, (111) Type I twinning and (001) compound twinning modes were observed as the lattice invariant shear (LIS) of the R-B19' transformation. The [011] Type II twinning is often reported as the LIS of the B2- B19' transformation, but this is the first experimental confirmation of its predicted presence as a qualified LIS of the R-B19' transformation. The (001) compound twinning mode is responsible for the fine structure of the martensite with a wavy morphology. Nanoscale structures with a thickness of 5 nm were obtained inside the twins. Twinning was also observed at the interface with carbide particles, which confirms that some stress relaxation of the elastic mismatch occurs. At room temperature, the matrix of the 80NiTi composite had the R-phase structure, which appeared with a needle-like morphology. Thermal cycling resulted in the suppression of the R-phase transformation. This is the opposite of the behavior observed in un-reinforced NiTi alloys. C1 [Strutt, E. R.; Meyers, M. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Strutt, E. R.; Meyers, M. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Dept Nanoengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Radetic, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Olevsky, E. A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Meyers, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mameyers@ucsd.edu RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 17 BP 5905 EP 5923 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2848-y PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 341MG UT WOS:000258718000029 ER PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z Ni, X Morkoc, H AF Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna Ni, X. Morkoc, H. TI Structural perfection of laterally overgrown GaN layers grown in polar- and non-polar directions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials (SIMC-XIV) CY MAY 15-20, 2007 CL Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR HO Univ Arkansas ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GALLIUM NITRIDE; THIN-FILMS; OPERATION; SAPPHIRE AB The structural quality of GaN overgrown layers was evaluated using Transmission Electron Microscopy methods. Growth on polar and non-polar substrates was compared. Independent from growth polarity much better structural quality of the overgrown areas compared to the seed areas was obtained, but overgrowth on non-polar substrates is more difficult. For the latest samples, two wings on the opposite sites of the seed area grow in two different polar directions with different growth rates. Wings grown with Ga polarity are much wider than wings grown with N-polarity making coalescence of these layers difficult. Defects formed in the overgrown wings were characterized and their density was compared. It is shown that two-step growth (using two different temperatures) lead to much smaller misorientation between the wings than one step growth. C1 [Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ni, X.; Morkoc, H.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM z_liliental-weber@lbl.gov RI Ni, Xianfeng/A-1635-2011; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8-9 BP 815 EP 820 DI 10.1007/s10854-007-9472-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 301EK UT WOS:000255879000028 ER PT J AU Wang, ZG Zu, XT Yang, L Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Wang, Zhiguo Zu, Xiaotao Yang, Li Gao, Fei Weber, William J. TI Orientation and temperature dependence of the tensile behavior of GaN nanowires: an atomistic study SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials (SIMC-XIV) CY MAY 15-20, 2007 CL Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR HO Univ Arkansas ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; NITRIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Gallium nitride (GaN) is a high-temperature semiconductor material of considerable interest. It emits brilliant light and has been considered as a key material for the next generation of high frequency and high power transistors that are capable of operating at high temperatures. Due to its anisotropic and polar nature, GaN exhibits direction-dependent properties. Growth directions along [001], [1-10] and [110] directions have all been synthesized experimentally. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to characterize the mechanical properties of GaN nanowires with different orientations at different temperatures. The simulation results reveal that the nanowires with different growth orientations exhibit distinct deformation behavior under tensile loading. The nanowires exhibit ductility at high deformation temperatures and brittleness at lower temperature. The brittle to ductile transition (BDT) was observed in the nanowires grown along the [001] direction. The nanowires grown along the [110] direction slip in the {010} planes, whereas the nanowires grown along the [1-10] direction fracture in a cleavage manner under tensile loading. C1 [Wang, Zhiguo; Zu, Xiaotao; Yang, Li] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Gao, Fei; Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, ZG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM zgwang_dr@yahoo.com RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Wang, Zhiguo/B-7132-2009 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8-9 BP 863 EP 867 DI 10.1007/s10854-007-9526-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 301EK UT WOS:000255879000036 ER PT J AU Fang, LM Zu, XT Li, ZJ Zhu, S Liu, CM Wang, LM Gao, F AF Fang, L. M. Zu, X. T. Li, Z. J. Zhu, S. Liu, C. M. Wang, L. M. Gao, F. TI Microstructure and luminescence properties of Co-doped SnO(2) nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials (SIMC-XIV) CY MAY 15-20, 2007 CL Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR HO Univ Arkansas ID SOL-GEL METHOD; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAS SENSOR; MICROCRYSTALS; NANOCRYSTALS; EXCITON; OXIDE; TIO2; EU3+ AB Co-doped SnO(2) nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). It is found that the SnO(2) crystallites with the tetragonal rutile structure formed directly during the hydrothermal process without calcination. The Co-doped SnO(2) nanoparticles were spheric and well-dispersed with narrow size distribution. The crystalline size of SnO(2) decreased from 5.98 to 2.22 nm when the Co content increased from 0% to 20%. A considerable red shift in the absorbing band edge was observed with increasing of Co dopant. C1 [Fang, L. M.; Zu, X. T.; Li, Z. J.; Liu, C. M.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Zu, X. T.] Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. [Zhu, S.; Wang, L. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhu, S.; Wang, L. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gao, F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI 向, 霞/F-3107-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8-9 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1007/s10854-007-9543-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 301EK UT WOS:000255879000037 ER PT J AU Myers, C Pennline, H Luebke, D Ilconich, J Dixon, JK Maginn, EJ Brennecke, JF AF Myers, Christina Pennline, Henry Luebke, David Ilconich, Jeffery Dixon, JaNeille K. Maginn, Edward J. Brennecke, Joan F. TI High temperature separation of carbon dioxide/hydrogen mixtures using facilitated supported ionic liquid membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; ionic liquids; membranes; facilitated transport; selectivity ID PRESSURE PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; SOLUBILITY; CO2; DIOXIDE; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; HYDROGEN; TETRAFLUOROBORATE; ABSORPTION; GASES AB Efficiently separating CO(2) from H(2) is one of the key steps in the environmentally responsible uses of fossil fuel for energy production. A wide variety of resources, including petroleum coke, coal, and even biomass, can be gasified to produce syngas (a mixture of CO and H(2)). This gas stream can be further reacted with water to produce CO(2) and more H(2). Once separated. the CO(2) can be stored in a variety of geological formations or sequestered by other means. The H(2) can be combusted to operate a turbine, producing electricity, or used to power hydrogen fuel cells. In both cases, only water is produced as waste. An amine-functionalized ionic liquid encapsulated in a supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) can separate CO(2) from H(2) with a higher permeability and selectivity than any known membrane system. This separation is accomplished at elevated temperatures using facilitated transport supported ionic liquid membranes. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Myers, Christina; Pennline, Henry; Luebke, David] Natl Energy Technol Lab, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. [Ilconich, Jeffery] Parsons RDS, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. [Dixon, JaNeille K.; Maginn, Edward J.; Brennecke, Joan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Luebke, D (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. EM david.luebke@netl.doe.gov FU Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FC26-07NT43091] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, under award number DE-FC26-07NT43091 (Notre Dame). NR 26 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 1 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.062 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 345RP UT WOS:000259014400004 ER PT J AU Grzenia, DL Schell, DJ Wickramasinghe, SR AF Grzenia, David L. Schell, Daniel J. Wickramasinghe, S. Ranil TI Membrane extraction for removal of acetic acid from biomass hydrolysates SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aliphatic amine extractant; acetic acid; membrane extraction; hydrolysate; sulphuric acid ID AMINE-BASED EXTRACTANTS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; LACTIC-ACID; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; INHIBITION; BASICITY; PH AB Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass requires pretreatment of the biomass in order to improve the susceptibility of the cellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis to glucose. When dilute acid is used to perform this process, the hemicellulose is also hydrolyzed to its component sugars while simultaneously releasing acetyl groups attached to the hemicellulose backbone. Other compounds from the lignin and sugar degradation products are also produced that inhibit subsequent bioconversion of the solubilized sugars to the desired products. In this work we focused on removal of acetic acid from a dilute sulphuric acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate. Acetic acid has been extracted into an organic phase at pH values below its pK(a). The organic phase diluent consisted of octanol. Alamine 336, a tertiary amine and Aliquat 336 a quaternary amine were used as the aliphatic amine extractants. Our results indicate more than 60% removal of acetic acid using Alamine 336. Extraction rates were much slower for Aliquat 336 probably due to the higher viscosity of the Aliquat 336/octanol phase. The presence of sulphate anions, as a result of dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment, results in the co-extraction of bisulphate anion. Bisulphate anion is preferentially extracted at pH values below its pK(a). Consequently the pH of the hydrolysate increases from between 1 and 2 to above 4.0 during extraction. In addition, extraction of low molecular weight lignins and phenolics is also observed. Thus the membrane extraction process developed here may be used not only for removal of acetic acid but also to adjust the pH of the hydrolysate to values that are more compatible for fermentation and to remove other inhibitory compounds. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Grzenia, David L.; Wickramasinghe, S. Ranil] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schell, Daniel J.] Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wickramasinghe, SR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, 100 Glover, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wickram@engr.colostate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [KXDJ-0-30622-02] FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program and funding for Colorado State University was provided by a subcontract with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (KXDJ-0-30622-02). NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 1 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.05.030 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 345RP UT WOS:000259014400024 ER PT J AU Jessup, MJ Cottle, JM Searle, MP Law, RD Newell, DL Tracy, RJ Waters, DJ AF Jessup, M. J. Cottle, J. M. Searle, M. P. Law, R. D. Newell, D. L. Tracy, R. J. Waters, D. J. TI P-T-t-D paths of Everest Series schist, Nepal SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Everest; exhumation; Himalayas; Lhotse detachment; Nuptse granite; South Tibetan Detachment System; THERMOCALC ID MAIN CENTRAL THRUST; HIMALAYAN METAMORPHIC CORE; EASTERN NEPAL; INVERTED METAMORPHISM; THERMOBAROMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; TIBETAN SLAB; KHUMBU HIMALAYA; SOUTH TIBET; SHEAR ZONE; EVOLUTION AB U(-Th)-Pb geochronology, geothermobarometric estimates and macro- and micro-structural analysis, quantify the pressure-temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-D) history of Everest Series schist and calcsilicate preserved in the highest structural levels of the Everest region. Pristine staurolite schist from the Everest Series contains garnet with prograde compositional zoning and yields a P-T estimate of 649 +/- 21 degrees C, 6.2 +/- 0.7 kbar. Other samples of the Everest Series contain garnet with prograde zoning and staurolite with cordierite overgrowths that yield a P-T estimate of 607 +/- 25 degrees C, 2.9 +/- 0.6 kbar. The Lhotse detachment (LD) marks the base of the Everest Series. Structurally beneath the LD, within the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS), garnet zoning is homogenized, contains resorption rinds and yields peak temperature estimates of similar to 650 +/- 50 degrees C. P-T estimates record a decrease in pressure from similar to 6 to 3 kbar and equivalent temperatures from structurally higher positions in the overlying Everest Series, through the LD and into GHS. This transition is interpreted to result from the juxtaposition of the Everest Series in the hangingwall with the GHS footwall rocks during southward extrusion and decompression along the LD system. An age constraint for movement on the LD is provided by the crystallization age of the Nuptse granite (23.6 +/- 0.7 Ma), a body that was emplaced syn- to post-solid-state fabric development. Microstructural evidence suggests that deformation in the LD progressed from a distributed ductile shear zone into the structurally higher Qomolangma detachment during the final stages of exhumation. When combined with existing geochronological, thermobarometric and structural data from the GHS and Main Central thrust zone, these results form the basis for a more complete model for the P-T-t-D evolution of rocks exposed in the Mount Everest region. C1 [Jessup, M. J.; Law, R. D.; Tracy, R. J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cottle, J. M.; Searle, M. P.; Waters, D. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Newell, D. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrogeol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jessup, MJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mjessup@utk.edu RI Tracy, Robert/A-2016-2009; Law, Richard/A-2074-2009; Newell, Dennis/B-4676-2011; Cottle, John/F-2799-2011; Jessup, Micah/D-6214-2012 OI Cottle, John/0000-0002-3966-6315; Jessup, Micah/0000-0002-0406-7873 NR 65 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 IS 7 BP 717 EP 739 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2008.00784.x PG 23 WC Geology SC Geology GA 334JT UT WOS:000258218800001 ER PT J AU Jantzen, CM Kaplan, DI Bibler, NE Peeler, DK Plodinec, MJ AF Jantzen, Carol M. Kaplan, Daniel I. Bibler, Ned E. Peeler, David K. Plodinec, M. John TI Performance of a buried radioactive high level waste (HLW) glass after 24 years SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LOAMY SOIL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CORROSION; DURABILITY; FIELD; CLAY; CHEMISTRY; MIGRATION; SILICATE; BEHAVIOR AB A radioactive high level waste glass was made in 1980 with Savannah River Site (SRS) Tank 15 waste. This glass was buried in a lysimeter in the SRS burial ground for 24 years. Lysineter leachate data was available for the first 8 years. The glass was exhumed in 2004. The glass was predicted to be very durable and laboratory tests confirmed this. Scanning electron microscopy of the glass burial surface showed no significant glass alteration consistent with results of other laboratory and field tests. Radionuclide profiling for alpha, beta, and (137)Cs indicated that Pu was not enriched in the soil while (137)Cs and (90)Sr were enriched in the first few centimeters surrounding the glass. Lysimeter leachate data indicated that (90)Sr and (137)CS leaching from the glass was diffusion controlled. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jantzen, Carol M.; Kaplan, Daniel I.; Bibler, Ned E.; Peeler, David K.; Plodinec, M. John] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM carol.jantzen@srnl.doe.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC09-96SR18500, DE-AC09-76SR00001, DE-AC09-89SR18035, DE-AC-09-96SR18500] FX This research was sponsored by the Department of Energy (EM-50) by an Independent Research & Development (IR&D-2004) grant in connection with work done under Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500 with the US Department of Energy. Since the burial studies were initiated in 1981 and the documentation completed in 2008 the work was performed under Contract Nos. DE-AC09-76SR00001, DE-AC09-89SR18035, and DE-AC-09-96SR18500 with the US Department of Energy. NR 79 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 3 BP 244 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.06.040 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 356CY UT WOS:000259757500003 ER PT J AU Gibbard, KB Allahar, KN Kolman, D Butt, DP AF Gibbard, Kevin B. Allahar, Kerry N. Kolman, David Butt, Darryl P. TI Kinetics of thermal synthesis of cerium sulfides SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB One of the most promising applications for cerium sulfide is as a refractory for molten metal processing, particularly for reactive actinides. Separate processes were used to synthesize cerium monosulfide, cerium sesquisulfide (Ce2S3) and cerium hydride (CeH2). High purity Ce2S3 was produced by reacting ceria (CeO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in an induction furnace using a carbon catalyst at temperatures above 2000 degrees C. CeH2 Was synthesized from cerium metal and hydrogen gas at 100 degrees C. Ce2S3 and CeH2 were subsequently reacted together in an induction furnace at temperatures above 1700 degrees C to produce CeS. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze synthesized samples and the kinetics of the CeS synthesis reaction was modeled using a diffusion-limited reaction model. The activation energy for the process was estimated to be 190 kJ/mol. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gibbard, Kevin B.; Allahar, Kerry N.; Butt, Darryl P.] Boise State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Butt, Darryl P.] Univ Florida, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kolman, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plutonium Mfg & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Butt, DP (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM darrylbutt@boisestate.edu RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 3 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.05.013 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 356CY UT WOS:000259757500007 ER PT J AU Soderquist, C McNamara, B Oliver, B AF Soderquist, Chuck McNamara, Bruce Oliver, Brian TI Dissolution of uranium metal without hydride formation or hydrogen gas generation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS AB This study shows that metallic uranium will cleanly dissolve in carbonate-peroxide solution without generation of hydrogen gas or uranium hydride. Metallic uranium shot, 0.5-1 mm diameter, was reacted with ammonium carbonate-hydrogen peroxide solutions ranging in concentration from 0.13 M to 1.0 M carbonate and 0.50 M to 2.0 M peroxide. The dissolution rate was calculated from the reduction in bead mass, and independently by uranium analysis of the solution. The calculated dissolution rate ranged from about 4 x 10(-3) to 8 x 10(-3) mm/h, dependent primarily on the peroxide concentration. Hydrogen analysis of the etched beads showed that no detectable hydrogen was introduced into the uranium metal by the etching process. (C) 2008 Flsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Soderquist, Chuck; McNamara, Bruce; Oliver, Brian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Soderquist, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chuck.soderquist@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 3 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.05.014 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 356CY UT WOS:000259757500008 ER PT J AU Neustroev, VS Garner, FA AF Neustroev, V. S. Garner, F. A. TI Very high swelling and embrittlement observed in a Fe-18Cr-10Ni-Ti hexagonal fuel wrapper irradiated in the BOR-60 fast reactor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LOW DISPLACEMENT RATES; STAINLESS-STEEL; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; BN-350 REACTOR; 12X18H9T; CREEP; DPA AB The highest void swelling level ever observed in an operating fast reactor component has been found after irradiation in BOR-60 with swelling in Kh18H10T (Fe-18Cr-10Ni-Ti) austenitic steel exceeding 50%. At such high swelling levels the steel has reached a terminal swelling rate of similar to 1%/dpa after a transient that depends on both dpa rate and irradiation temperature. The transient duration at the higher irradiation temperatures is as small as 10-13 dpa depending on which face was examined. When irradiated in a fast reactor such as BOR-60 with a rather low inlet temperature, most of the swelling occurs above the Core center-plane and produces a highly asymmetric swelling loop when plotted vs. dpa. Voids initially harden the alloy but as the swelling level becomes significant the elastic moduli of the alloy decreases Strongly with swelling, leading to the consequence that the steel actually softens with increasing swelling. This softening occurs even as the elongation decreases as a result of void linkage during deformation. Finally, the elongation decreases to zero with further increases of swelling. This very brittle failure is known to arise from segregation of nickel to void surfaces which induces a martensitic instability leading to a zero tearing modulus and zero deformation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garner, F. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Neustroev, V. S.] Res Inst Atom Reactors, Dimitrovgrad, Russia. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov FU Russian Science Program of Higher Education [2.1.2.7242]; US Department of Energy; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AC06-76RLO]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Russian Science Program of Higher Education, Grant # 2.1.2.7242. The participation of F.A. Garner was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 3 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.06.036 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 356CY UT WOS:000259757500011 ER PT J AU Poutsma, ML AF Poutsma, Marvin L. TI Comparison of mechanistic models for correlation of activation energies of liquid-phase addition of carbon-centered radicals to terminal olefins SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE radical addition; mechanistic models; polar effects; enthalpy effects; thermochemical properties of radicals ID ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; HYPERFINE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; PRIMARY ALKYL RADICALS; TERT-BUTYL; GAS-PHASE; TRANSITION-STATE; 2-HYDROXY-2-PROPYL RADICALS; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS AB The performance of different models for the influence of enthalpy and polar effects on radical additions is compared for the extensive data set from the Fischer group, supplemented by additional data. The best correlations result from the Fischer-Radom (FR) model, but it also contains the largest number of adjustable radical-dependent parameters not based on physical observables. Updating the literature values of Delta H-f, IP, and EA that are inputs to the FR model led to some deterioration in the quality of the correlations; this is symptomatic of remaining deficiencies in the thermochemical databases. In contrast, the Lalevee-Allonas-Fouassier (LAF) model gives poorer correlation but this is in part compensated because it uses the same inputs but with no adjustable parameters. Hammett-type models based on polar and radical substituent constants rather than on molecular properties of the reactants perform even more poorly. In all cases, poorer correlation, as judged by increasing sd(Delta E), is accompanied by a systematic bias to over-predict the lower E values and under-predict the higher ones. The enthalpy contribution in the FR and LAF models is expressed as a linear Evans-Polanyi dependence of E on Delta H. Replacement by nonlinear Marcus dependences does not significantly improve performance. An attempt to significantly reduce the number of adjustable parameters in the FR model by anchoring them to a base set applicable to all radicals, which is then modulated for spin delocalization based on observable ESR hyperfine constants in the initial and adduct radicals, showed modest success. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Poutsma, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM poutsmaml@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-OOOR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-OOOR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 145 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0894-3230 J9 J PHYS ORG CHEM JI J. Phys. Org. Chem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 9 BP 758 EP 782 DI 10.1002/poc.1375 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 342MO UT WOS:000258788400004 ER PT J AU Berseth, PA Pittman, J Shanahan, K Stowe, AC Anton, D Zidan, R AF Berseth, Polly A. Pittman, Jennifer Shanahan, Kirk Stowe, Ashley C. Anton, Donald Zidan, Ragaiy TI High temperature-pressure processing of mixed alanate compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Alloys; Intermetallic compounds; Chemical synthesis; X-ray diffraction ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; TRANSFORMATIONS; LIALH4; LIBH4; PHASE AB Mixtures of light-weight hydrides and elements were investigated to increase the understanding of the chemical reactions that take place between various materials. This report details investigations we have made into mixtures that include NaAlH4, LiAlH4, MgH2, Mg2NiH4, alkali(ne) hydrides, and early third row transition metals (V, Cr, Mn). Experimental parameters such as stoichiometry, heat from ball milling versus hand milling, and varying the temperature of high pressure molten state processing were studied to examine the effects of these parameters on the reactions of the complex metal hydrides. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Berseth, Polly A.; Pittman, Jennifer; Shanahan, Kirk; Stowe, Ashley C.; Anton, Donald; Zidan, Ragaiy] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Zidan, R (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, POB A, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM Ragaiy.Zidan@sml.doe.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2141 EP 2145 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.021 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000003 ER PT J AU Bozin, ES Sartbaeva, A Zheng, H Wells, SA Mitchell, JF Proffen, T Thorpe, MF Billinge, SJL AF Bozin, E. S. Sartbaeva, A. Zheng, H. Wells, S. A. Mitchell, J. F. Proffen, Th. Thorpe, M. F. Billinge, S. J. L. TI Structure of CaMnO3 in the range 10 K <= T <= 550 K from neutron time-of-flight total scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Oxides; Neutron scattering; Crystal structure ID LA1-XCAXMNO3; DIFFRACTION AB The local and average structure of the Ca endmember of the La1-xCaxMnO3 series has been investigated. Neutron powder diffraction-based high real-space resolution atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, yielding the local atomic structure, and the corresponding Rietveld analysis yielding the average crystal structure show that the two structural scales are in accord in this material, and that the MnO6 octahedral units are regular for all temperatures studied. Quantitative values of structural parameters are reported for a wide temperature range, important for both experimental and theoretical considerations of hole and electron doped branches of the rich phase diagram of La1-xCaxMnO3. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bozin, E. S.; Billinge, S. J. L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sartbaeva, A.; Wells, S. A.; Thorpe, M. F.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85283 USA. [Zheng, H.; Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Proffen, Th.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bozin, ES (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 4250 Biomed Phys Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bozin@pa.msu.edu RI Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Sartbaeva, Asel/I-5914-2013; Wells, Stephen/L-2064-2014; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2146 EP 2150 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.029 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000004 ER PT J AU Clark, SM Jones, RL Jackson, M Henderson, CMB Parry, S Varney, B AF Clark, Simon M. Jones, Raymond L. Jackson, Mark Henderson, C. Michael B. Parry, Steven Varney, Berwyn TI Development of a system for measuring the complex impedance of borosilicate glasses at high pressures and temperatures: Application to the study of Li- and Na-doped borosilicate glasses SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Glasses; Non-crystalline materials; High pressure; Electrical conductivity; Dielectric properties ID ION-CONDUCTING GLASSES; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT AB An apparatus for measuring the complex impedance of samples with high impedances is described. Complex impedance spectra were collected from a range of borosilicate glasses of composition (B2O3)(4)(Li2O)(LiBr)(x)(NaBr)(1-x) at pressures and temperatures ranging from 1 to 5 GPa and 350 to 450 degrees C, respectively. These data were used to determine AC conductivities and activation energies in order to test the Modified Random Network model of glass structure. Our results are in line with the predictions of this theory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clark, Simon M.] LBLNL, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jones, Raymond L.; Jackson, Mark; Henderson, C. Michael B.; Parry, Steven; Varney, Berwyn] STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Parry, Steven] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Clark, SM (reprint author), LBLNL, ALS, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smclark@lbl.gov RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2168 EP 2171 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.024 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000009 ER PT J AU Egami, T AF Egami, T. TI Nano-scale complexities in the superconducting cuprates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Superconductivity ID HIGH-T-C; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; EXCITATIONS; PSEUDOGAP; STRIPES; LIQUID; SYSTEM; ORDER AB Underdoped cuprates are characterized by nano-scale complexity with strong spatial variation in the electronic properties, including superconductivity. It is often assumed that the stripe order underlies this spatial complexity, but the evidence of local stripe order in the superconducting phase is weak. We propose an alternative idea of electronically driven two-dimensional local order that leads to phase separation in the reciprocal space, which could be the basis for two-component superconductivity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Egami, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2191 EP 2194 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.026 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000014 ER PT J AU Giefers, H Pravica, M Yang, WG Liermann, P AF Giefers, Hubertus Pravica, Michael Yang, Wenge Liermann, Peter TI Radiation-induced decomposition of explosives under extreme conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Organic compounds; High pressure; X-ray diffraction; Radiation damage ID HIGH-PRESSURE; TATB AB We present high-pressure and high temperature studies of the synchrotron radiation-induced decomposition of powder secondary high explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) using white beam synchrotron radiation at the 16 BM-B and 16 BM-D sectors of the HP-CAT beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The radiation-induced decomposition rate TATB showed dramatic slowing with pressure up to 26.6 GPa (the highest pressure studied), implying a positive activation volume of the activated complex. The decomposition rate of PETN varied little with pressure up to 15.7 GPa (the highest pressure studied). Diffraction line intensities were measured as a function of time using energy-dispersive methods. By measuring the decomposition rate as a function of pressure and temperature, kinetic and other constants associated with the decomposition reactions were extracted. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Giefers, Hubertus; Pravica, Michael] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Giefers, Hubertus; Pravica, Michael] High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Yang, Wenge; Liermann, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HP CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pravica, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM pravica@physics.unlv.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2208 EP 2212 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.034 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000018 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AF Beck, P Struzhkin, VV Hemley, RJ Crowhurst, JC AF Goncharov, Alexander F. Beck, Pierre Struzhkin, Viktor V. Hemley, Russell J. Crowhurst, Jonathan C. TI Laser-heating diamond anvil cell studies of simple molecular systems at high pressures and temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB We report the application of new laser-heating techniques and sample preparation procedures for simple molecular materials (diatomic molecules and water) under high pressure in the diamond anvil cell (DAC). Both continuous and pulsed laser heating was employed. We probed the materials using Raman spectroscopy and also by analyzing the time evolution of the temperature of the metallic coupler that is used to absorb laser radiation and heat the sample. Raman measurements of H-2, D-2, N-2, H2O and O-2 show a broadening of intramolecular vibrations at high P-T conditions, indicating a decreasing molecular lifetime, and hence suggest an increasing molecular dissociation. In diatomic molecules the intramolecular bonding can be further probed by observations of sidebands corresponding to vibrational transitions from excited states; the energies of these sidebands imply intramolecular potentials that become increasingly less anharmonic as pressure is increased. We also show that the pulsed heating technique combined with instantaneous radiative temperature measurements provides a useful tool for studies of thermochemical properties and phase transformation boundaries. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goncharov, Alexander F.; Beck, Pierre; Struzhkin, Viktor V.; Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Crowhurst, Jonathan C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Goncharov, AF (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM goncharov@gl.ciw.edu RI Beck, Pierre/F-3149-2011; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2217 EP 2222 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.037 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000020 ER PT J AU Guo, JH AF Guo, Jinghua TI Electronic properties of hydrogen storage materials with photon-in/photon-out soft-X-ray spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Electronic structure ID FLUORESCENCE; EXCITATIONS; EMISSION; SPECTRA; FILMS AB The applications of resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy on a variety of carbon systems have yielded characteristic fingerprints. With high-resolution monochromatized synchrotron radiation excitation, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering has emerged as a new source of information about electronic structure and excitation dynamics. Photon-in/photon-out soft-X-ray spectroscopy is used to study the electronic properties of fundamental materials, nanostructure, and complex hydrides and will offer potential in-depth understanding of chemisorption and/or physisorption mechanisms of hydrogen adsorption/desorption capacity and kinetics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGuo@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2223 EP 2226 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.033 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000021 ER PT J AU de Leon, JM Acosta-Alejandro, M Conradson, SD Bishop, AR AF Mustre de Leon, J. Acosta-Alejandro, M. Conradson, S. D. Bishop, A. R. TI Change of the in-plane Cu-O bond distribution in La2CuO4.1 across T-c SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATTICE; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; PLANE; LA2CUO4+DELTA; FLUCTUATIONS; SCATTERING; PSEUDOGAP; SYSTEM; EXAFS AB Cu K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) on La2CuO4.1 has been used to study the radial Cu-O distribution function across the superconducting transition. Fits to the isolated Cu-O XAFS signal show the presence of a non-Gaussian distribution function for temperatures away from the superconducting transition temperature. However, this distribution becomes more harmonic in the vicinity of the superconducting transition temperature T-c. The results provide evidence for the coupling between the local atomic dynamics and the particles involved in the superconductivity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mustre de Leon, J.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis Aplicada, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. [Acosta-Alejandro, M.] UJAT, Div Acad Ciencias Basicas, Cunduacan 86690, Tabasco, Mexico. [Conradson, S. D.; Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP de Leon, JM (reprint author), CINVESTAV, Dept Fis Aplicada, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. EM mustre@mda.cinvestav.mx NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2288 EP 2291 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.04.024 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000037 ER PT J AU Speziale, S Jeanloz, R Clark, SM Meenakshi, S Vijayakumar, V Verma, AK Rao, RS Godwal, BK AF Speziale, S. Jeanloz, R. Clark, S. M. Meenakshi, S. Vijayakumar, V. Verma, A. K. Rao, R. S. Godwal, B. K. TI Axial ratio anomalies and electronic topological transitions in Cd0.80Hg0.20 at high pressures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Alloys; High pressure; X-ray diffraction; Equation of state; Electronic structure ID STRUCTURAL ANOMALIES; C/A ANOMALIES; X-RAY; ZN; CD; EQUATION; STATE; ZINC; CADMIUM; ALLOYS AB High-pressure angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements show that Cd0.80Hg0.20 alloy remains in the hcp structure up to 50 GPa. We observe subtle anomalies in the pressure variation of the lattice parameters and their ratio, and in normalized stress versus strain. Electronic-structure calculations, as well as experimental and theoretical results for Cd, suggest that these anomalies are related to the occurrence of electronic topological transitions. Our results support Lifshitz's prediction that electronic phase transitions can cause anomalies in structural and elastic properties of materials. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Speziale, S.; Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clark, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Meenakshi, S.; Vijayakumar, V.; Verma, A. K.; Rao, R. S.; Godwal, B. K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, High Pressure Phys Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. RP Speziale, S (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Div 4 1, Telegrafenberg 9, D-24473 Potsdam, Germany. EM speziale@gfz-potsdam.de RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2325 EP 2331 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.04.028 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000044 ER PT J AU Uzun, SS Gaudio, SJ Sen, S Mei, Q Benmore, CJ Tulk, CA Xu, J Aitken, BG AF Uzun, S. Soyer Gaudio, S. J. Sen, S. Mei, Q. Benmore, C. J. Tulk, C. A. Xu, J. Aitken, B. G. TI In situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction study of densification of a molecular chalcogenide glass SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Florida Int Univ DE Glasses; Non-crystalline materials; High pressure; X-ray diffraction; Phase transitions ID GEAS SULFIDE GLASSES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; INTERMEDIATE; ORDER; SIO2 AB Structural mechanisms of densification of a molecular chalcogenide glass of composition Ge2.5As51.25S46.25 have been studied in situ at pressures ranging from 1 atm to 11 GPa at ambient temperature as well as ex situ on a sample quenched from 12 GPa and ambient temperature using high-energy X-ray diffraction. The X-ray structure factors display a reduction in height of the first sharp diffraction peak and a growth of the principal diffraction peak with a concomitant shift to higher Q-values with increasing pressure. At low pressures of at least up to 5 GPa the densification of the structure primarily involves an increase in the packing of the AS(4)S(3) molecules. At higher pressures the AS(4)S(3) molecules break up and reconnect to form a high-density network with increased extended-range ordering at the highest pressure of 11 GPa indicating a structural transition. This high-density network structure relaxes only slightly on decompression indicating that the pressure-induced structural changes are quenchable. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mei, Q.; Benmore, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mei, Q.; Benmore, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Uzun, S. Soyer; Gaudio, S. J.; Sen, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tulk, C. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xu, J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Aitken, B. G.] Corning Inc, Glass Res Div, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Benmore, CJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Benmore@anl.gov RI Tulk, Chris/R-6088-2016; OI Tulk, Chris/0000-0003-3400-3878; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 69 IS 9 SI SI BP 2336 EP 2340 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.04.004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361QK UT WOS:000260142000046 ER PT J AU Battaglia, M AF Battaglia, M. TI Testing the Higgs mechanism in the lepton sector with multi-TeV e(+)e(-) collisions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Multi-TeV e(+)e(-) collisions provide a large enough sample of H(0) bosons to enable measurements of its suppressed decays. Results of a detailed study of the determination of the muon Yukawa coupling at root s = 3 TeV, based on full detector simulation and event reconstruction, are presented. The muon Yukawa coupling can be determined with a relative accuracy of 0.04-0.08 for Higgs bosons masses from 120 GeV to 150 GeV, with an integrated luminosity of 5 ab(-1). The result is not affected by overlapping gamma gamma -> hadrons background. C1 [Battaglia, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Battaglia, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Battaglia, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MBattaglia@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 AR 095005 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/35/9/095005 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 336SS UT WOS:000258385500006 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Turner, JA AF Wang, Heli Turner, John A. TI The influence of metal ions on the conductivity of Nafion 112 in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE membrane conductivity; metallic ions; PEMFC; Nafion ID BIPOLAR PLATE MATERIAL; FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; ALLOYS; FILMS AB Nafion 112 membranes were soaked in I M H(2)SO(4) solutions containing variable amounts of Fe and Cr ions, either individually or mixed. An even distribution of the metal ions on the surface of the membranes was observed with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) mapping. The proton conductivity of the soaked membranes was investigated using a conductivity cell. For Fe ions, the conductivity was almost constant until the Fe-ion solution concentration reached 300 ppm. Over the 300-ppm threshold, the conductivity decreased significantly. Similar results were obtained with Cr ions in the membrane, but here the threshold was approximately 200 ppm in the solution. Mixed metal ions were found to decrease these threshold values due to the additive effect of the two metals. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Heli; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM heli_wang@nrel.gov FU US Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program FX The authors thank Dr. Bobby To for the help in EPMA analysis. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 183 IS 2 BP 576 EP 580 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.05.077 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 355NW UT WOS:000259716600020 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Xia, GG Wang, CM Nie, ZM Templeton, J Stevenson, JW Singh, P AF Yang, Zhenguo Xia, Guan-Guang Wang, Chong-Min Nie, Zimin Templeton, Joshua Stevenson, Jeffry W. Singh, Prabhakar TI Investigation of iron-chromium-niobium-titanium ferritic stainless steel for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cell; interconnect; oxidation; coating ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; SPINEL PROTECTION LAYERS; METALLIC INTERCONNECTS; SOFC INTERCONNECTS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; ALLOYS; SCALES; NB; ATMOSPHERE; ADHESION AB As part of an effort to develop cost-effective ferritic stainless steel-based interconnects for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks, both bare A1S1441 and AIS1441 coated with (Mn,Co)(3)O-4 protection layers were studied in terms of its metallurgical characteristics, oxidation behavior, and electrical performance. The addition of minor alloying elements, in particular Nb, led to formation of Laves phases both inside grains and along grain boundaries, In particular, the Laves phase which precipitated out along grain boundaries during exposure at intermediate SOFC operating temperatures was found to be rich in both Nb and Si. The capture of Si in the Laves phase minimized the Si activity in the alloy matrix and prevented formation of an insulating silica layer at the scale/metal interface, resulting in a reduction in area-specific electrical resistance (ASR). However, the relatively high oxidation rate of the steel, which leads to increasing ASR overtime, and the need to prevent volatilization of chromium from the steel necessitates the application of a conductive protection layer on the steel. In particular, the application of a Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel Protection layer substantially improved the electrical performance of the 441 by reducing the oxidation rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Zhenguo; Xia, Guan-Guang; Wang, Chong-Min; Nie, Zimin; Templeton, Joshua; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Singh, Prabhakar] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Zgary.yang@pni.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors would like to thank Jim Rakowski at Allegheny Techologies, Inc. for providing the alloy samples, and Nat Saenz, Shelly Carlson, and Jim Coleman at PNNL for their assistance in metallographic and SEM sample preparation and analysis. The authors would also like to acknowledge helpful discussions with Wayne Surdoval, Ayyakkannu Manivannan, and Briggs White at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The work summarized in this paper was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Core Technology Program. PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 183 IS 2 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.05.037 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 355NW UT WOS:000259716600032 ER PT J AU Lopez-Ferrer, D Heibeck, TH Petritis, K Hixson, KK Qian, W Monroe, ME Mayampurath, A Moore, RJ Belov, ME Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel Heibeck, Tyler H. Petritis, Konstantinos Hixson, Kim K. Qian, Weijun Monroe, Matthew E. Mayampurath, Anoop Moore, Ronald J. Belov, Mikhail E. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. TI Rapid sample processing for LC-MS-based quantitative proteomics using high intensity focused ultrasound SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; (18)O labeling; bottom up proteomics; tryptic digestion ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; ACCURATE MASS; DIGESTION; O-18; PROTEINS; SPECTRA; MODEL AB A new sample processing workflow that uses high intensity focused ultrasound to rapidly reduce and alkylate cysteines, digest proteins and then label peptides with (18)O was developed for quantitative proteomics applications. Each step was individually refined to minimize reaction times, peptide loses and undesired byproducts or modifications. When this novel workflow was used, mouse plasma proteins were successfully denatured, alkylated, in-solution digested, and (18)O-labeled in <10 min for subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry. Performance was evaluated in terms of the number of mouse plasma peptides and proteins identified in a shotgun approach and the quantitative dynamic range. The results were compared with previously published results obtained using conventional sample preparation methods and were found to be similar. Advantages of the new method include greatly simplified and accelerated sample processing, as well as being readily amenable to automation. C1 [Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel; Heibeck, Tyler H.; Petritis, Konstantinos; Qian, Weijun; Monroe, Matthew E.; Moore, Ronald J.; Belov, Mikhail E.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hixson, Kim K.; Mayampurath, Anoop] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN-K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Petritis, Konstantinos/F-2156-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR018522]; NIH National Cancer Institute [R21 CA12619-01]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Battelle [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX The authors thank Brianne Ogata, Priscilla A. Moore, and Penny Colton for their helpful assistance and suggestions. Portions of this work were supported by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (RR018522), NIH National Cancer Institute (R21 CA12619-01), and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 7 IS 9 BP 3860 EP 3867 DI 10.1021/pr800161x PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 345RZ UT WOS:000259015500023 PM 18686986 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Caffee, MW Finkel, RC Seong, YB AF Owen, Lewis A. Caffee, Marc W. Finkel, Robert C. Seong, Yeong Bae TI Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE mountain glaciation; Himalaya; Tibet; geochronology; monsoon ID INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; HOLOCENE LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; EQUILIBRIUM-LINE ALTITUDES; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; NORTHERN PAKISTAN; MOUNT EVEREST; NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA; MASS-BALANCE; ICE CORE; PLEISTOCENE GLACIATIONS AB Glacial geological evidence from throughout the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen is examined to determine the timing and extent of late Quaternary glaciation in this region and its relation to similar changes on a global scale. The evidence summarised here supports the existence of expanded ice caps and extensive valley glacier systems throughout the region during the late Quaternary. However, it cannot yet be determined whether the timing of the extent of maximum glaciation was synchronous throughout the entire region or whether the response was more varied. The lack of organic material needed for radiocarbon dating has hindered past progress in glacial reconstruction; however, application of optically stimulated luminescence and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide methods has recently expanded the number of chronologies throughout the region. Limits to the precision and accuracy available with these methods and, more importantly, geological uncertainty imposed by processes of moraine formation and alteration both conspire to limit the time resolution on which correlations can be made to Milankovitch timescales (several ka). In order to put all studies on a common scale, well-dated sites have been re-evaluated and all the published terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide ages for moraine boulders and glacially eroded surfaces in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen have been recalculated. Locally detailed studies indicate that there are considerable variations in the extent of glaciation from one region to the next during a glaciation. Glaciers throughout monsoon-influenced Tibet, the Himalaya and the Transhimalaya are likely synchronous both with climate change resulting from oscillations in the South Asian monsoon and with Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. In contrast, glaciers in Pamir in the far western regions of the Himalayan-Tibet orogen advanced asynchronously relative to the other regions that are monsoon-influenced regions and appear to be mainly in phase with the Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. Broad patterns of local and regional variability based on equilibrium-line altitudes have yet to be fully assessed, but have the potential to help define changes in climatic gradients over time. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Caffee, Marc W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Finkel, Robert C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seong, Yeong Bae] Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM lewis.owen@uc.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 FU National Science Foundation [EAR0640378] FX We thank Tim Phillips for drafting Fig. 4, and the National Science Foundation for funding a workshop entitled 'Timing and nature of mountain glaciation, from High Asia to the World Exploring aspects of climate change, glaciation, and landscape evolution', under grant EAR0640378, where much of this paper was discussed. Special thanks to Alan Gillespie and Arjen Stroeven for their constructive and very detailed review of this paper. Thanks to Jason Dortch for comments on the revised manuscript. NR 176 TC 120 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0267-8179 EI 1099-1417 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6-7 BP 513 EP 531 DI 10.1002/jqs.1203 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 356BU UT WOS:000259754500003 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Triangular predominance-region diagrams for plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Two predominance region diagrams can be prepared by plotting the equilibrium fractions of hexavalent vs. trivalent plutonium. The diagrams are differentiated by the species that predominate near their origins. Both diagrams have a curved boundary that separates permissible from forbidden oxidation-state combinations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Security; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 277 IS 3 BP 703 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-7228-6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 351TR UT WOS:000259449300029 ER PT J AU Harrup, MK Jones, MG Polson, L White, B AF Harrup, Mason K. Jones, Michael G. Polson, Linda White, Byron TI Polymer/silicate composites: new materials for subsurface permeable reactive barriers SO JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; barrier; environmental remediation; sub-surface ID AMMONIUM MOLYBDOPHOSPHATE; NANOCOMPOSITES; ELECTROLYTES; EXCHANGER; CESIUM AB Investigations were performed into the suitability of novel composites to serve as materials for subsurface permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). These new materials are Type I composites-they are preformed organic polymers embedded in an inorganic matrix without significant covalent bonding between the components. The required properties for these materials to function efficiently are: (1) a tunable water passing rate to approximate the hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface environment where the PRB will be placed, (2) sufficient mechanical strength (both wet and dry) to maintain barrier integrity, (3) the ability to incorporate selective metal sequestration agents so that they remain active-yet do not leach from the barrier, and (4) to be deployable through direct injection methods such that trenching is not needed. Additionally, there is a need to keep the technology as low cost as possible, while remaining reliable. Results recently obtained in our laboratory show that our materials, remarkably, exhibit all of these properties and show great promise as vadose zone deployable PRBs. C1 [Harrup, Mason K.; Jones, Michael G.; Polson, Linda; White, Byron] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Harrup, MK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM mason.harrup@inl.gov; michael.jones@inl.gov; linda.polson@inl.gov; byron.white@inl.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0707 J9 J SOL-GEL SCI TECHN JI J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s10971-008-1796-y PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 332MZ UT WOS:000258088400002 ER PT J AU Huang, MH Soyez, HM Dunn, BS Zink, JI Sellinger, A Brinker, CJ AF Huang, Michael H. Soyez, Hermes M. Dunn, Bruce S. Zink, Jeffrey I. Sellinger, Allan Brinker, C. Jeffrey TI In situ fluorescence probing of the chemical and structural changes during formation of hexagonal phase cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and lamellar phase CTAB/Poly(dodecylmethacrylate) sol-gel silica thin films SO JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thin films; optical probe; mesostructure ID MESOPOROUS SILICA; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; TRANSPARENT FILMS; MOLECULES; PROBES; STRATEGIES; INTERFACE; FRAMEWORK; PROTEINS; PYRANINE AB Surfactant-templated mesostructured sol-gel films formed by evaporation induced self assembly (EISA) exhibit highly-ordered hexagonal, lamellar, and cubic structures. The steady-state dip-coating configuration allows both the chemistry and the dynamics of the EISA process to be traced in real time because the steps involved in the formation of the mesostructured material are separated both spatially and temporally in the dip-coating direction. The dynamic processes occurring during film formation can be conveniently monitored by the combination of interferometry and fluorescence spectroscopy of incorporated molecular probes. The selected probes respond to changes in their rotational mobility and the surrounding solvent composition and report these changes through their fluorescence characteristics. By taking in situ fluorescence spectra at various positions within the progressively thinning film, changes in the solvent composition, onset of micelle formation and further organization to the final mesophase structure can be followed. The luminescence of the probe molecule is measured with a spatial resolution of 100 mu m. Two categories of surfactant-templated mesostructured sol-gel films were examined. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) systems assemble into a 2-D hexagonal surfactant/silica mesophase with the surfactant concentration used in this study. CTAB dodecylmethacrylate systems assemble into a lamellar mesophase, which can be further polymerized to form a poly(dodecylmethacrylate)/silica hybrid nanocomposite that mimics nacre. X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy images, and other techniques are used to characterize the final films. C1 [Soyez, Hermes M.; Dunn, Bruce S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Huang, Michael H.; Zink, Jeffrey I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Huang, Michael H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Sellinger, Allan; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, NSF Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Sellinger, Allan; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Dunn, BS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bdunn@ucla.edu; zink@chem.ucla.edu; cjbrink@sandia.gov RI Sellinger, Alan/C-6250-2015 OI Sellinger, Alan/0000-0001-6705-1548 NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0707 J9 J SOL-GEL SCI TECHN JI J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s10971-008-1755-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 332MZ UT WOS:000258088400009 ER PT J AU Davis, WJ Wood, DT Andrews, RG Elkind, LM Davis, WB AF Davis, W. Jackson Wood, Daniel T. Andrews, Ryan G. Elkind, Les M. Davis, W. Bart TI CONCURRENT TRAINING ENHANCES ATHLETES' STRENGTH, MUSCLE ENDURANCE, AND OTHER MEASURES SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE combined; exercise; interference; body composition; flexibility; resistance; aerobic; range of motion; integrated ID HIGH-INTENSITY STRENGTH; WOMEN TENNIS PLAYERS; IN-SEASON; COMBINED RESISTANCE; COMBINING STRENGTH; FOOTBALL PLAYERS; MAXIMAL STRENGTH; HANDBALL PLAYERS; FORCE PRODUCTION; SOCCER PLAYERS AB Davis, WJ, Wood, DT, Andrews, RG, Elkind, LM, and Davis, WB. Concurrent training enhances athletes' strength, muscle endurance, and other measures. J Strength Cond Res 22(5): 1487-1502, 2008-We evaluated the effects of concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training on muscle strength and endurance, body composition, and flexibility in female college athletes and compared two concurrent exercise (CE) protocols. Twenty-eight women (mean age, 19.6 years) were divided into two matched groups and evaluated before and after a vigorous, 11-week, 3-days per week CE training program. One group did serial CE consisting of a warm-up, resistance exercises at low heart rate (HR), aerobics, and a range of motion cool down. The other group did integrated CE consisting of aerobics, the same resistance exercises at high HR achieved by cardioacceleration before each set, and the same range of motion cool down. The two protocols were balanced, differing only in the timing and sequence of exercises. Serial CE produced discernible (p < 0.05) increases in lower- (17.2%) and upper- 19.0%) body muscle strength and fat-free mass (FFM) (1.8%) and trends toward greater lower-body muscle endurance (18.2%) and reduced upper-body flexibility (-160.4%). Integrated CE produced discernible increases in lower-(23.3%) and upper( 17.8%) body muscle strength, lower-body muscle endurance (27.8%), FFM (3.3%), and lower-body flexibility (8.4%) and a decline in fat mass (-4.5%) and percent body fat (-5.7%). Integrated CE produced discernibly larger gains than serial CE for six of nine training adaptations. Effect sizes were generally moderate (44.4% of discernible differences) to large (33.3%). We conclude that serial CE produces adaptations greater than those reported in the literature for single-mode (strength) training in athletes, whereas integrated CE produces discernibly greater gains than serial CE. The results suggest synergy rather than interference between concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training, support prescription of CE under defined conditions, establish the importance of exercise timing and sequence for CE program outcomes, and document a highly effective athletic training protocol. C1 [Davis, W. Jackson] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Athlet Dept, Div Phys & Biol Sci & Strength & Conditioning Coa, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wood, Daniel T.; Andrews, Ryan G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Off Phys Educ Recreat & Sports, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Elkind, Les M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Student Hlth Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Davis, W. Bart] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Athlet Dept, Div Phys & Biol Sci & Strength & Conditioning Coa, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jackson@MiracleWorkout.com RI Enright, Kevin/A-5349-2011 FU Division of Physical and Biological Sciences; Office of Physical Education, Recreation, and Sports, of the University of California at Santa Cruz FX This research was funded by the Division of Physical and Biological Sciences and the Office of Physical Education, Recreation, and Sports, of the University of California at Santa Cruz. We are grateful to the 28 dedicated student-athletes who served as subjects in these studies. For their cooperation and assistance in this research, we thank Greg Harshaw, Athletic Director; Michael Runeare, women's soccer coach; and Selene Teitelbaum and Jonah Carson, women's volleyball coaches. For technical support, we thank Cindy Hodges, Danielle Lewis, and Sarah Pinneo. For administrative support, we thank Kate Aja, Dierdre Beach, Bruce Bridgeman, Caitlin Deck, Daniel Friedman, Dobie Jenkins, and Alice Yang-Murray. Additional contributors to this research include Tamara Chinn, James Cisneros, Laura Engelken, Dianne Fridlund, Jill Fusari, Kathleen Hughes, Robert Irons, Camille Jarmie, Kristin Onorato, Karen Ostermeier, Mischa Plunkett, Onelia Rodriquez, Zoe Scott, Justin Smith, and Kelly Vizcarra. After the completion of this research, the lead author became affiliated with The Miracle Workout, LLC, which developed a proprietary interest in Integrated Body Conditioning (R), a health, fitness, and training system that incorporates aspects of the integrated concurrent training protocol documented in this study (patent pending). The results of this study do not constitute endorsement of this product by the authors or the National Strength and Conditioning Association. The current contact information of the corresponding (lead) author is: The Miracle Workout, LLC, P. O. Box 2221, Boulder, CO 80306-2221, e-mail training@MiracleWorkout.com. NR 60 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1487 EP 1502 DI 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181739f08 PG 16 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 513JH UT WOS:000271318000015 PM 18714239 ER PT J AU Davis, WJ Wood, DT Andrews, RG Elkind, LM Davis, WB AF Davis, W. Jackson Wood, Daniel. T. Andrews, Ryan. G. Elkind, Les. M. Davis, W. Bart TI CONCURRENT TRAINING ENHANCES ATHLETES' CARDIOVASCULAR AND CARDIORESPIRATORY MEASURES SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE combined exercise; integrated interference; heart rate; blood pressure; aerobic capacity; (V) over dotO(2)max; resistance; range of motion ID HIGH-INTENSITY STRENGTH; ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE; SOCCER PLAYERS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HANDBALL PLAYERS; RUNNING ECONOMY; IN-SEASON; ENDURANCE; RESISTANCE; EXERCISE AB Davis, WJ, Wood, DT, Andrews, RG, Elkind, LM, and Davis, WB. Concurrent training enhances athletes' cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory measures. J Strength Cond Res 22(5): 1503 1514, 2008-We evaluated the effects of concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory adaptations in college athletes and compared two concurrent exercise (CE) protocols. Separate experiments were performed on 30 women (mean age 19.6 years) and 20 men (20.4 years). In both experiments, subjects were divided into two groups (serial CE and integrated CE) matched for initial physical condition and trained in a vigorous 3-day per week CE program of 9 (men) to 11 (women) weeks. The two CE training protocols were equilibrated for exercise mode, intensity, and volume, differing only in the timing and sequence of exercises. During training, serial CE discernibly (p < 0.05) increased cardiovascular adaptation in women, indicated by reduction (-5.7%) in active heart rate (HR) (HR/aerobic exercise intensity), whereas integrated CE discernibly reduced active HR in women (-10.7%) and men (-9.1%). Before and after comparisons in the larger sample of women showed that serial CE discernibly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (-8.7% and -14.0%, respectively), increased estimated (V) over dotO(2)max (18.9%), and produced a trend (0.10 > p > 0.05) toward reduced resting HR (-4.9%). Integrated CE in women discernibly reduced systolic and diastolic BP (-13.2% and -12.6%, respectively), increased estimated (V) over dotO(2)max (22.9%), and produced a trend toward reduced resting HR (-2.4%). Integrated CE produced discernibly larger gains than serial CE or a trend for four of six training adaptations. Effect sizes were generally large (60.0% of discernible differences). We conclude that, for cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory adaptations in athletes, strength and endurance training are compatible and that exercise timing and sequence significantly influence training adaptations, complimenting our previous similar conclusions for strength, muscle endurance, body composition, and flexibility. C1 [Davis, W. Jackson] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Athlet Dept, Div Phys & Biol Sci & Strength & Conditioning Coa, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wood, Daniel. T.; Andrews, Ryan. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Off Phys Educ Recreat & Sports, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Elkind, Les. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Student Hlth Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Davis, W. Bart] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Athlet Dept, Div Phys & Biol Sci & Strength & Conditioning Coa, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jackson@MiracleWorkout.com RI Enright, Kevin/A-5349-2011 FU Division of Physical and Biological Sciences; Office of Physical Education, Recreation, and Sports, of the University of California at Santa Cruz FX This research was funded by the Division of Physical and Biological Sciences and the Office of Physical Education, Recreation, and Sports, of the University of California at Santa Cruz. We are grateful to the 50 dedicated student-athletes who served as subjects in these studies. For their cooperation and assistance in this research, we thank Greg Harshaw, Athletic Director; Michael Runeare, women's soccer coach; and Selene Teitelbaum and Jonah Carson, women's volleyball coaches. For technical support, we thank Cindy Hodges, Danielle Lewis, and Sarah Pinneo. For administrative support, we thank Kate Aja, Dierdre Beach, Bruce Bridgeman Caitlin Deck, Daniel Friedman, Dobie Jenkins, and Alice Yang-Murray. Additional contributors to this research include Tamara Chinn, James Cisneros, Laura Engelken, Dianne Fridlund, Jill Fusari, Kathleen Hughes, Robert Irons, Camille Jarmie, Kristin Onorato, Karen Ostermeier, Mischa Plunkett, Onelia Rodriquez, Zoe Scott, Justin Smith, and Kelly Vizcarra. After the completion of this research, the lead author became affiliated with The Miracle Workout, LLC, which developed a proprietary interest in Integrated Body Conditioning (R), a health, fitness, and training system that incorporates aspects of the integrated concurrent training protocol documented in this study (patent pending). The results of this study do not constitute endorsement of this product by the authors or the National Strength and Conditioning Association. The current contact information of the corresponding author is: The Miracle Workout, LLC, P. O. Box 2221, Boulder, CO 803062221, e-mail training@MiracleWorkout.com. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1503 EP 1514 DI 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181739f9f PG 12 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 513JH UT WOS:000271318000016 PM 18714238 ER PT J AU Taylor, KA Glaeser, RM AF Taylor, Kenneth A. Glaeser, Robert M. TI Retrospective on the early development of cryoelectron microscopy of macromolecules and a prospective on opportunities for the future SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; low temperature; catalase; macromolecular structure; image processing; crystallography; helical reconstruction; single particle reconstruction ID CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HYDRATED BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LOW-TEMPERATURE; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; VITREOUS SECTIONS; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; DEGREES C; X-RAY AB Methods for preserving specimen hydration in protein crystals were Pursued in the early 1970s as a prerequisite for protein crystallography using an electron microscope. Three laboratories approached this question from very different directions. One built a differentially pumped hydration chamber that could maintain the crystal in a liquid water environment, a second maintained hydration by rapidly freezing the protein crystal and examining it in a cold stage, and the third replaced the water of hydration by using glucose in the same way as one had previously used "negative stains". Each of these early efforts succeeded in preserving the Structures Of protein crystals at high resolution within the Vacuum of the electron microscope, as demonstrated by electron diffraction patterns. The next breakthrough came in the early 1980s when a technique was devised to preserve noncrystalline specimens by freezing them within vitreous ice. Since then, with the development of high stability cold stages and transfer mechanisms compatible with many instrument platforms, and by using commercially provided low dose imaging techniques to avoiding radiation damage, there has been an explosion of applications. These now include single particles, helical filaments, 2-D arrays and even whole cells, where the most exciting recent applications involve crycelectron tomography. These achievements and possibilities generate a new set of research Opportunities associated with increasing the reliability and throughput with which specimens can be Studied by cryoEM. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Kenneth A.] Florida State Univ, Inst Mol Biophys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Glaeser, Robert M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Taylor, KA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Inst Mol Biophys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM taylor@bio.fsu.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR047421, R01 AR047421-07]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM030598, R01 GM030598-23] NR 66 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.06.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 356CH UT WOS:000259755800006 PM 18606231 ER PT J AU Glaeser, RM AF Glaeser, Robert M. TI Retrospective: Radiation damage and its associated "Information Limitations" SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; radiation damage; biological specimens; beam-induced movement ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PURPLE MEMBRANE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; HYDRATED SPECIMENS; RESOLUTION; BEAM; CRYOMICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; LASER AB The fact that radiation damage would limit the usefulness of electron microscopy with biological specimens was a concern in the earliest days of the field. Good estimates of what that limitation must be can be made by using Rose's empirical relationship between the inherent image contrast, the exposure used to record an image, and the smallest feature size that is detectable. Such estimates show that it is necessary to average many images in order to obtain statistically well-defined data at high resolution. Structures are now routinely obtained by averaging large numbers of shot-noise limited images, and some of these extend to atomic resolution. The signal level in current images is nevertheless far below what physics would allow it to be. A possible explanation is that beam-induced movement limits the quality of images recorded by electron microscopy. For specimens embedded in vitreous ice, beam-induced movement can even be severe enough to limit the resolution achieved during tomographic reconstruction. The fact that very high-quality images can nevertheless be obtained, although only unpredictably, suggests that it may be possible to devise new techniques of specimen preparation and/or data collection that at least partially overcome beam-induced movement. If so, the need for image averaging would be correspondingly reduced. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rmglaeser@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Preparation of this retrospective was Supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.06.001 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 356CH UT WOS:000259755800014 PM 18588985 ER PT J AU Lee, PL Shu, DM Ramanathan, M Preissner, C Wang, J Beno, MA Von Dreele, RB Ribaud, L Kurtz, C Antao, SM Jiao, X Toby, BH AF Lee, Peter L. Shu, Deming Ramanathan, Mohan Preissner, Curt Wang, Jun Beno, Mark A. Von Dreele, Robert B. Ribaud, Lynn Kurtz, Charles Antao, Sytle M. Jiao, Xuesong Toby, Brian H. TI A twelve-analyzer detector system for high-resolution powder diffraction SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE multi-analyzer; instrumentation; powder diffraction ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; BEAMLINE; CAMERA; LINE AB A dedicated high-resolution high-throughput X-ray powder diffraction beamline has been constructed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In order to achieve the goals of both high resolution and high throughput in a powder instrument, a multi-analyzer detector system is required. The design and performance of the 12-analyzer detector system installed on the powder diffractometer at the 11-BM beamline of APS are presented. C1 [Lee, Peter L.; Shu, Deming; Ramanathan, Mohan; Preissner, Curt; Wang, Jun; Beno, Mark A.; Von Dreele, Robert B.; Ribaud, Lynn; Kurtz, Charles; Antao, Sytle M.; Jiao, Xuesong; Toby, Brian H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, PL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pllee@aps.anl.gov; shu@aps.anl.gov RI Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864; Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DOE-BES LAB-03, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Rogelio Ranay for assembling the analyzer system and Dr A. N. Fitch for his advice. The instrument construction project was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, as part of DOE-BES LAB-03 instrument construction program. Used of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1107/S0909049508018438 PN 5 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 354XQ UT WOS:000259673600001 PM 18728312 ER PT J AU Chaboy, J Laguna-Marco, MA Piquer, C Boada, R Maruyama, H Kawamura, N AF Chaboy, Jesus Laguna-Marco, Maria Angeles Piquer, Cristina Boada, Roberto Maruyama, Hiroshi Kawamura, Naomi TI Disentanglement of magnetic contributions in multi-component systems by using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at a single absorption edge SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray magnetic circular dichroism; atom-specific magnetometry ID K-EDGE; QUADRUPOLAR TRANSITIONS; MOMENT; METAL; GADOLINIUM; PROBE; IRON AB X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) has become in recent years an outstanding tool for studying magnetism. Its element specificity, inherent to core-level spectroscopy. combined with the application of magneto-optical sum rules allows quantitative magnetic measurements at the atomic level. These capabilities are now incorporated as a standard tool for studying the localized magnetism in many systems. However. the application of XMCD to the study of the conduction-band magnetism is not so straightforward. Here. it is shown that the atomic selectivity is not lost when XMCD probes the delocalized states. On the contrary, it provides a direct way of disentangling the magnetic contributions to the conduction band coming from the different elements in the material. This is demonstrated by monitoring the temperature dependence of the XMCD spectra recorded at the rare-earth L(2)-edge in the case of RT(2) (R = rare-earth, T = 3d transition metal) materials. These results open the possibility of performing element-specific magnetometry by using a single X-ray absorption edge. C1 [Chaboy, Jesus; Piquer, Cristina; Boada, Roberto] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Chaboy, Jesus; Boada, Roberto] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Laguna-Marco, Maria Angeles] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Piquer, Cristina] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Dept Ciencia & Tecnol Mat & Fluidos, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Maruyama, Hiroshi] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kawamura, Naomi] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. RP Chaboy, J (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. EM jchaboy@unizar.es RI Laguna-Marco, M. A./G-8042-2011; Boada, Roberto/H-5349-2015 OI Laguna-Marco, M. A./0000-0003-4069-0395; Boada, Roberto/0000-0003-4857-8402 FU Spanish CICYT [MAT2005-06806-C04-04]; Ministerio de Eduacion y Ciencia of Spain FX This work was partially supported by a Spanish CICYT MAT2005-06806-C04-04 grant. MALM and RB acknowledge the Ministerio de Eduacion y Ciencia of Spain for a postdoctoral and a PhD grant, respectively. This study was performed with the approval of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal No. 2005B0419). NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 BP 440 EP 448 DI 10.1107/S0909049508017652 PN 5 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 354XQ UT WOS:000259673600003 PM 18728314 ER PT J AU Marcus, MA Westphal, AJ Fakra, SC AF Marcus, Matthew A. Westphal, Andrew J. Fakra, Sirine C. TI Classification of Fe-bearing species from K-edge XANES data using two-parameter correlation plots SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE K-edge XANES; iron; Stardust minerals; environment ID ABSORPTION; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; ZN AB Solid iron compounds are extremely common in the environment as well as in meteorites and comets. Fe K-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) measurements can be carried out quickly, theoretically allowing one to categorize many areas within a sample or set of samples in a short time. However, interpretation of such data is not straightforward unless one has the appropriate reference spectra, hence a way of classifying an unknown spectrum to a family group (trivalent, divalent, oxide, silicate etc.) is required. Methods of abstracting Fe XANES spectra to produce pairs of variables which, when plotted, cluster in distinct regions depending on the family are presented. For instance, divalent minerals fall in a different region than trivalent minerals, and sulfides in a different region than oxides. C1 [Marcus, Matthew A.; Fakra, Sirine C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Westphal, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marcus, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mamarcus@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. US Department of Energy [DOE-AC02-05CH11231] FX fThe operations of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. US Department of Energy under contract number DOE-AC02-05CH11231. We gratefully acknowledge the use of spectra and/or samples from members of the Fendorf and O'Day groups (S. Benner, D. Bond, Th. Borch, B. Bostick, S. Fendorf, C. Hansel, P. Nico, P. O'Day, N. Rivera) as well as C. S. Chan, M. Heuer, A. Kearsley, C. S. Kim. M. Newville, P. Nico, K. Ross, C. Santelli, B. M. Toner, and G. A. Waychunas. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 19 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1107/S0909049508018293 PN 5 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 354XQ UT WOS:000259673600006 PM 18728317 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Aydiner, CC Almer, J Bernier, J Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Haeffner, D Kump, K Lee, PL Lienert, U Miceli, A Vera, G AF Lee, John H. Aydiner, C. Can Almer, Jonathan Bernier, Joel Chapman, Karena W. Chupas, Peter J. Haeffner, Dean Kump, Ken Lee, Peter L. Lienert, Ulrich Miceli, Antonino Vera, German TI Synchrotron applications of an amorphous silicon flat-panel detector SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray detector; strain measurement; pair distribution function measurement ID X-RAY-DETECTOR; IMAGING APPLICATIONS; METALLIC MULTILAYERS; DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; HIGH-ENERGY; PERFORMANCE; MAMMOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; MECHANISMS; AREA AB A GE Revolution 41RT flat-panel detector (GE 41RT) from GE Healthcare (GE) has been in operation at the Advanced Photon Source for over two years. The detector has an active area of 41. cm x 41 cm with 200 mu m x 200 mu m pixel size. The nominal working photon energy is around 80 keV The physical set-up and utility software of the detector system are discussed in this article. The linearity of the detector response was measured at 80.7 keV The memory effect of the detector element, called lag, was also measured at different exposure times and gain settings. The modulation transfer function was measured in terms of the line-spread function using a 25 mu m x 1 cm tungsten slit. The background (dark) signal, the signal that the detector will carry without exposure to X-rays, was measured at three different gain settings and with exposure times of 1 ms to 15 s. The radial geometric flatness of the sensor panel was measured using the diffraction pattern from a CeO2 powder standard. The large active area and fast data-capturing rate, i.e. 8 frames s(-1) in radiography mode, 30 frames s(-1) in fluoroscopy mode, make the GE 41RT one of a kind and very versatile in synchrotron diffraction. The loading behavior of a Cu/Nb multilayer material is used to demonstrate the use of the detector in a strain-stress experiment. Data from the measurement of various samples, amorphous SiO2 in particular, are presented to show the detector effectiveness in pair distribution function measurements. C1 [Lee, John H.; Almer, Jonathan; Bernier, Joel; Chapman, Karena W.; Chupas, Peter J.; Haeffner, Dean; Lee, Peter L.; Lienert, Ulrich; Miceli, Antonino] Argonne Natl Lab, XSD Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Aydiner, C. Can] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, XSD Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jlee@aps.anl.gov RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; OI Aydiner, Cahit/0000-0001-8256-6742 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Dr Paul R. Granfors of GE Healthcare for his advice on the article. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.1107/S090904950801755X PN 5 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 354XQ UT WOS:000259673600008 PM 18728319 ER PT J AU Bazin, D Carpentier, X Traxer, O Thiaudiere, D Somogyi, A Reguer, S Waychunas, G Jungers, P Daudon, M AF Bazin, Dominique Carpentier, Xavier Traxer, Olivier Thiaudiere, Dominique Somogyi, Andrea Reguer, Solenn Waychunas, Glenn Jungers, Paul Daudon, Michel TI Very first tests on SOLEIL regarding the Zn environment in pathological calcifications made of apatite determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption near-edge structure; pathological calcification; oligo-elements; kidney stones ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; URINARY STONES; COORDINATION; ZINC; EDGE; HYDROXYAPATITE; IDENTIFICATION; ELEMENTS; XANES AB This very first report of ail X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiment at Synchrotron SOLEIL is part of a long-term study dedicated to pathological calcifications. Such biological entities composed of various inorganic and/or organic compounds also contain trace elements. In the case of urinary calculi, different papers already published have pointed out that these oligo-elements may promote or inhibit crystal nucleation as well as growth of mineral. Use of this analytical tool specific to synchrotron radiation. allowing the determination of the local environment of oligo-elements and thus their occupation site, contributes to the understanding of the role of trace elements in pathological calcifications. C1 [Bazin, Dominique; Carpentier, Xavier] Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Carpentier, Xavier; Traxer, Olivier] Hop Tenon, AP HP, Serv Urol, F-75020 Paris, France. [Thiaudiere, Dominique; Somogyi, Andrea; Reguer, Solenn] Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Waychunas, Glenn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jungers, Paul; Daudon, Michel] Hop Necker Enfants Malad, AP HP, Serv Biochim A, F-75743 Paris 15, France. RP Bazin, D (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, Batiment 510, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM bazin@lps.u-psud.fr RI bazin, Dominique/C-6306-2014 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1107/S0909049508014556 PN 5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 354XQ UT WOS:000259673600011 PM 18728322 ER PT J AU Paulish, D Gorton, I Tyree, J Soni, D AF Paulish, Dan Gorton, Ian Tyree, Jeff Soni, Dilip TI Special issue: Gauging the progress of Software Architecture research: three selected papers from Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) 2007 SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gorton, Ian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tyree, Jeff] Capital One Financial, Richmond, VA 23238 USA. EM daniel.paulish@siemens.com; jeff.tyree@capitalone.com; dilip.soni@ieee.org RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1441 EP 1442 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.001 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 347GH UT WOS:000259128100001 ER PT J AU Brochu, M Gauntt, B Zimmerly, T Ayala, A Loehman, R AF Brochu, Mathieu Gauntt, Bryan Zimmerly, Tony Ayala, Alicia Loehman, Ronald TI Fabrication of UHTCs by conversion of dynamically consolidated Zr+B and Hf+B powder mixtures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; DIBORIDE-BASED CERAMICS; ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; ZRB2; HAFNIUM AB Mixtures of Zr+B and Hf+B were shock compacted into bulk samples possessing relative densities above 95.5% and were subsequently converted to ZrB2 and HfB2 ceramic components by a heat treatment. The conversion temperature was varied between 1600 degrees and 2000 degrees C. The conversion temperature was found to have no effect on the final density of the ceramics. Theoretical densities of 72% and 62% were obtained for the converted ZrB2 and HfB2 ceramics, respectively. Increasing the heat-treatment temperature promoted grain growth rather than densification for the ZrB2 samples. The grain size increased from 1.8 +/- 0.6 to 5.6 +/- 1.3 to 8.5 +/- 3.3 mu m, for heat treatments at 1600 degrees, 1800 degrees, and 2000 degrees C, respectively. No grain growth was observed for the HfB2 system, which exhibited a grain structure of 5.0 +/- 1.6, 3.3 +/- 1.5, and 4.4 +/- 2.2 mu m for the same temperature range studied. Microhardness values for the ZrB2 decreased from 19.4 +/- 0.4 to 17.2 +/- 0.6 down to 13.7 +/- 0.6 GPa, while similar hardness results of 19.1 +/- 0.8, 17.1 +/- 1.0, and 17.8 +/- 0.5 GPa were observed for the HfB2 samples. C1 [Brochu, Mathieu] McGill Univ, Min Met & Mat Engn Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. [Gauntt, Bryan; Ayala, Alicia; Loehman, Ronald] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Zimmerly, Tony] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Energet Mat Res & Testing Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Brochu, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Min Met & Mat Engn Dept, 3610 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. EM mathieu.brochu@mcgill.ca NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2815 EP 2822 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02550.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 347ON UT WOS:000259151000006 ER PT J AU Morcos, RM Navrotsky, A Varga, T Blum, Y Ahn, D Poli, F Muller, K Raj, R AF Morcos, Riham Michelle Navrotsky, Alexandra Varga, Tamas Blum, Yigal Ahn, Dongjoon Poli, Fabrizia Mueller, Klaus Raj, Rishi TI Energetics of SixOyCz polymer-derived ceramics prepared under varying conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON OXYCARBIDE GLASSES; RICH SIOC CERAMICS; PYROLYSIS PROCESS; GEL; CALORIMETRY; BEHAVIOR; NMR; THERMOCHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION AB Incorporation of carbon at the molecular level can create unusual amorphous and nanostructures of Si-C-O polymer-derived ceramics by controlled pyrolysis of crosslinked polysiloxanes. These ceramics can resist crystallization to ultrahigh temperatures. In this work, we support earlier studies that the resistance to crystallization of these nanodomain networks is due to thermodynamic as well as kinetic factors. Calorimetric measurements of heats of dissolution in a molten oxide solvent show that these ceramics posses a negative enthalpy relative to their crystalline constituents (silicon carbide, cristobalite, and graphite). Si-C-O ceramics pyrolyzed at 1000 degrees and 1450 degrees C appear somewhat more energetically stable than those prepared at 1200 degrees C. C1 [Morcos, Riham Michelle; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Morcos, Riham Michelle; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Varga, Tamas] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Blum, Yigal] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ahn, Dongjoon; Raj, Rishi] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Poli, Fabrizia; Mueller, Klaus] Univ Stuttgart, Dept Chem, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 05-02781]; University of Colorado [DMR 05-02446]; University of California, Davis [DMR 03-04968]; MWN ( Materials World Network); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ( DFG) [1166/12-1] FX This work was financially supported by grants from the Ceramics Program of the Division of Materials Research of the National Science Foundation DMR 05-02781 at the University of Colorado, DMR 05-02446 at University of California, Davis and DMR 03-04968 at SRI International. These grants are funded under the MWN ( Materials World Network) Program between the National Science Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ( DFG). The research at Stuttgart is supported by DFG under grant Mu 1166/12-1. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2969 EP 2974 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02543.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 347ON UT WOS:000259151000031 ER PT J AU Li, J Goyal, A AF Li, Jing Goyal, Amit TI Extraction of misorientation components from the total misorientation at grain boundaries using electron diffraction in a Y0.9Sm0.1Ba2Cu3O7 film SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 30-AUG 30, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Microscopy Soc Amer, Microbeam Anal Soc AB Grain boundary (GB) misorientation determines the transport properties of REBa2Cu3O7 (REBCO) superconducting films (rare earth (RE)). In this study, the misorientation angles between the adjacent grains in a Y0.9Sm0.1Ba2Cu3O7 (YSBCO) epitaxial superconducting film on buffers performed via ion-beam-assisted deposition have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The in-plane and out-of-plane misorientation at GBs and sub-GBs has been separated from the total misorientation. Most of the GB misorientation angles are smaller than 5 degrees, with the in-plane component gamma < 3 degrees and out-of-plane components alpha <= 1 degrees and beta < 2 degrees. This study provided a relatively simplified, practical, and useful method for determination of GB misorientation angles and separation of the in-plane and out-of-plane misorientation from the total misorientation for epitaxial REBCO superconducting films. C1 [Li, Jing; Goyal, Amit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jul26@psu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 91 IS 9 BP 3045 EP 3051 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02558.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 347ON UT WOS:000259151000041 ER PT J AU Savel, TG Lenert, L Silverstein, JC Hall, KE AF Savel, Thomas G. Lenert, Leslie Silverstein, Jonathan C. Hall, Kenneth E. TI In response to: What is a grid? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hall, Kenneth E.] BearingPoint Inc, Atlanta, GA 30346 USA. [Savel, Thomas G.; Lenert, Leslie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Hall, KE (reprint author), BearingPoint Inc, S Terrace Bldg,115 Perimeter Ctr Pl NE,Suite 380, Atlanta, GA 30346 USA. EM ken.hall@bearingpoint.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 15 IS 5 BP 705 EP 706 DI 10.1197/jamia.M2707 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 352NL UT WOS:000259503800017 PM 18768437 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Smith, RD AF Shvartsburg, Alexandre A. Smith, Richard D. TI Optimum waveforms for differential ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE SEPARATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; IONIZATION; AIR; MS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONFORMERS AB Differential mobility spectrometry or field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is a new tool for separation and identification of gas-phase ions, particularly ill conjunction with mass spectrometry. Ill FAIMS, ions are filtered by the difference between mobilities ill gases (K) at high and low electric field intensity (L) Using asymmetric waveforms. An infinite number of possible waveform profiles make maximizing the performance within engineering constraints a major issue for FAIMS technology refinement. Earlier optimizations assumed the non-constant component of mobility to scale as E-2, producing the same result for all ions. Here we show that the optimum profiles are defined by the full series expansion of K(E) that includes terms beyond the first that is proportional to L. For many ion/gas pairs, the first two terms have different signs, and the optimum profiles at sufficiently high L in FAIMS may differ substantially from those previously reported, improving the resolving power by LIP to 2.2 times. This situation arises for some ions in all FAIMS systems, but becomes more common ill recent miniaturized devices that employ higher E. With realistic K(E) dependences, the maximum waveform amplitude is not necessarily optimum, and reducing it by Lip to similar to 20%, to 30% is beneficial in some cases. The present findings are particularly relevant to targeted analyses where separation depends oil the difference between K(M) functions for specific ions. C1 [Shvartsburg, Alexandre A.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 3335 Q Ave,K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU PNNL initiative for Explosives Detection; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR 18,522]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX The authors thank Drs. Keqi Tang, Aleksey Tohriachey, and Robert Ewing (PNNL.) for discussions of optimization and analytical Use of FAIMS. This research has been supported by PNNL initiative for Explosives Detection and NIH National Center for Research Resources (RR 18,522) located in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility at PNNL sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1286 EP 1295 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.008 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 354UG UT WOS:000259663900007 PM 18585054 ER PT J AU Seok, S Kim, D Kim, TJ Kim, YD Vaknin, D AF Seok, Sangjun Kim, Doseok Kim, Tae Jung Kim, Young Dong Vaknin, David TI Direct Imaging of a collapsed Langmuir monolayer and multilayer formation SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL Cheju, SOUTH KOREA DE Langmuir monolayer; fatty acid; imaging ellipsometry; isotherm ID ELLIPSOMETRY; FILMS AB Imaging ellipsometry was used to investigate the collapsed region of arachidic-acid monomolecular layers spread on the surfaces of pure water and a CaCl2 solution. We could observe the domain image of a collapsed region caused by over-compressing the Langmuir monolayers beyond the minimal closely-packed molecular area. The thicknesses of the layers obtained from the analysis were approximately integer multiples of the molecular lengths, accounting for the small tilt from the surface normal direction. The thickness of the collapsed region is proposed to depend sensitively on the existence of salt in the water subphase. C1 [Seok, Sangjun; Kim, Doseok] Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Seok, Sangjun; Kim, Doseok] Sogang Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Kim, Tae Jung; Kim, Young Dong] Kyung Hee Univ, Nanoopt Property Lab, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Kim, Tae Jung; Kim, Young Dong] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Seok, S (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM doseok@sogang.ac.kr RI Kim, Doseok/J-8776-2013; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 SI SI BP 1488 EP 1491 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348EW UT WOS:000259194800038 ER PT J AU Gao, YF Yu, HH Kim, KS AF Gao, Y. F. Yu, H. H. Kim, K. -S. TI Micro-plasticity of surface steps under adhesive contact: Part II - Multiple-dislocation mediated contact hardening SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE contact micro-plasticity; dislocation model; surface step; hardening anisotropy; latent softening ID SINGLE-ASPERITY CONTACTS; NUCLEATION; CRACK; INTERFACES; FRICTION; BEHAVIOR; SLIP AB The study of micro-plastic behavior of rough surface contacts is the critical link towards a fundamental understanding of contact, friction, adhesion, and surface failures at small length scales. In the companion paper (Yu, H.H., Shrotriya, R, Gao, Y.F., Kim, K.-S., 2007. Micro-plasticity of surface steps under adhesive contact. Part I. Surface yielding controlled by single-dislocation nucleation. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 55, 489-516), we have studied the onset of surface yielding due to single-dislocation nucleation from a stepped surface under adhesive contact. Here we analyze the contact hardening behavior due to multiple dislocations in a two-dimensional dislocation model. Continuum micro-mechanical analyses are used to derive the configurational force on the dislocation, while a modified Rice-Thomson criterion is used to model dislocation nucleation. Dislocations nucleated from the Surface step are stabilized and pile up as a result of the balance between the resolved driving force and the non-zero lattice resistance in the solid. The dislocation pileup will exert a strong back stress to prevent further dislocation nucleation and thus lead to the contact hardening behavior, the degree of which depends on the slip-plane orientation. Particularly, we find that dislocation interactions between two slip planes can make the contact loading order-of-magnitude easy to nucleate multiple dislocations, which is thus named "latent softening". A mechanistic explanation shows that the latent softening is closely related to the stress-concentration mode mixity at the surface step. Dislocation nucleation will modify the geometric characteristics of the surface step, so that the contact-induced stress state near the step, as described by the mode mixity, changes, which influences the subsequent dislocation nucleation. Our calculations show that the dislocation pileup on one slip plane can even cause the spontaneous dislocation nucleation on the other slip plane without further increase of the contact load. Furthermore, it is found that rough surface contacts at small length scale can lead to the dislocation segregation and the formation of a surface tensile sub-layer. The discrete-dislocation model presented here and in the companion paper provides novel insights in bridging the atomistic simulations and continuum plastic How analysis of surface asperity contact. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Y. F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gao, Y. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yu, H. H.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kim, K. -S.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Gao, YF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ygao7@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X FU General Motors/Brown Collaborative Research Laboratory at Brown University; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Brown University [DMR-0520651]; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NSF [CMMI 0800168] FX This work was supported by the General Motors/Brown Collaborative Research Laboratory at Brown University and by the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Brown University (NSF Grant DMR-0520651). Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. Y.F.G. also acknowledges partial support from NSF CMMI 0800168 (managed by Dr. Ken Chong). The authors are grateful to helpful discussions with A.F. Bower, L. Nicola, and A. Needleman. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 2759 EP 2772 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2008.05.003 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 349FT UT WOS:000259267400002 ER PT J AU Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J Fasel, J Schmidt, A AF Ardavan, Houshang Ardavan, Arzhang Singleton, John Fasel, Joseph Schmidt, Andrea TI Morphology of the nonspherically decaying radiation generated by a rotating superluminal source: reply to comment SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION CHARACTERISTICS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; CURRENTS; PULSES AB The fact that the formula used by Hannay in the preceding Comment [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 2165 (2008)1 is "from a standard text on electrodynamics" neither warrants that it is universally applicable nor that it is unequivocally correct. We have explicitly shown [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 543 (2008)1 that, since it does not include the boundary contribution toward the value of the field, the formula in question is not applicable when the source is extended and has a distribution pattern that rotates faster than light in vacuo. The neglected boundary term in the retarded solution to the wave equation governing the electromagnetic field forms the basis of diffraction theory. If this term were identically zero, for the reasons given by Hannay, the diffraction of electromagnetic waves through apertures on a surface enclosing a source would have been impossible. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Singleton, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ardavan, Houshang] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Ardavan, Arzhang] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jsingle@lanl.gov OI Schmidt, Andrea/0000-0002-5017-1030 FU U.S. Department of Energy [LDRD 20080085DR] FX A. Ardavan is supported by the Royal Society. J. Singleton, J. Fasel, and A. Schmidt are supported by U.S. Department of Energy grant LDRD 20080085DR, "Construction and use of superluminal emission technology demonstrators with applications in radar, astrophysics and secure communications." NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 9 BP 2167 EP 2169 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.25.002167 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 354SK UT WOS:000259659100004 ER PT J AU Hall, AC Brewer, LN Roemer, TJ AF Hall, A. C. Brewer, L. N. Roemer, T. J. TI Preparation of aluminum coatings containing homogenous nanocrystalline microstructures using the cold spray process SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cold gas dynamic spraying of nanopowders; nano-powders; nanostructured coatings; nanostructured materials ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; MICROSYSTEMS; DEPOSITION; VELOCITY; LIGA AB Nanostructured materials are of widespread interest because of the unique properties they offer. Well-proven techniques, such as ball milling, exist for preparing powders with nanocrystalline microstructures. Nevertheless, consolidation of nanocrystalline powders is challenging and presents an obstacle to the use of nanocrystalline metals. This work demonstrates that nanocrystalline aluminum powders can be consolidated using the cold spray process. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the nanocrystalline cold spray coatings reveals that the cold spray process can cause significant grain refinement. Inert gas atomized 6061 and 5083 aluminum powders were ball milled in liquid nitrogen resulting in micron-sized powder containing 250-400 nm grains. Cold spray coatings prepared using these feed stock materials exhibited homogenous microstructures with grain sizes of 30-50 nm. TEM images of the as-received powders, ball-milled powders, and cold spray coatings are shown. C1 [Hall, A. C.; Brewer, L. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Roemer, T. J.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Hall, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM achall@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s11666-008-9180-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 334UL UT WOS:000258246600007 ER PT J AU Isakovic, AF Evans-Lutterodt, K Elliott, D Stein, A Warren, JB AF Isakovic, A. F. Evans-Lutterodt, K. Elliott, D. Stein, A. Warren, J. B. TI Cyclic, cryogenic, highly anisotropic plasma etching of silicon using SF6/O-2 SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article AB The authors report on the development and characterization of a plasma etching method that utilizes process steps common to both the well-known Bosch and the cryogenic deep reactive ion etching methods for silicon. This hybrid process uses cyclical etch steps that alternate between etching and passivating chemistries as in the Bosch process, while still maintaining sample temperatures at -100 degrees C on a cryogenically cooled stage. The advantages of this process are superior control of wall profiles for isolated features, minimization of grass formation, and the elimination of an expensive gas, c-C4F8, required in the Bosch passivation step. The authors show examples of x-ray optic elements deep etched to 100 mu m depth with the cyclic cryogenic process. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Isakovic, A. F.; Elliott, D.; Stein, A.; Warren, J. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Isakovic, AF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM isakovic@bnl.gov RI Isakovic, Abdel/A-7430-2009 OI Isakovic, Abdel/0000-0003-1779-4209 FU Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Craig Ward, Matthew Waite, and Doug Gilbert of Oxford Instruments for providing technical support for our Oxford PlasmaLab 100 system, and D. Peter Siddons, John Hall, and Chi-Chang Kao of Brookhaven National Laboratory for support and continued interest in this project. This article has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this article for publication, acknowledges, a worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1182 EP 1187 DI 10.1116/1.2960557 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 349QM UT WOS:000259296000013 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Liu, Z Sun, SY Pianetta, P AF Sun, Yun Liu, Zhi Sun, Shiyu Pianetta, Piero TI The effectiveness of HCl and HF cleaning of Si0.85Ge0.15 surface SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SI SURFACES; SILICON AB The cleaning of Si0.85Ge0.15 surfaces using HCl and HF solutions is studied using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. The HF solution is found to be effective in removing both the Si oxide and the Ge oxide while the HCl solution can only remove part of the Ge oxide. For samples treated with HF, four spectral components are needed to fit the Ge 3d photoemission spectra. One is the bulk component and the other three are attributed to the surface Ge atoms with monohydride, dihydride, and trihydride terminations, respectively. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Sun, Yun; Liu, Zhi; Sun, Shiyu; Pianetta, Piero] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ssun@slac.stanford.edu RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 FU NSF; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This research was partially funded by the NSF through the SiWEDS and was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors would like to thank the SSRL staff for their support. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1250 DI 10.1116/1.2966428 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 349QM UT WOS:000259296000023 ER PT J AU Choi, SG Dattelbaum, AM Picraux, ST Srivastava, SK Palmstrom, CJ AF Choi, S. G. Dattelbaum, A. M. Picraux, S. T. Srivastava, S. K. Palmstrom, C. J. TI Optical properties and critical-point energies of BaTiO3 (001) from 1.5 to 5.2 eV SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BAND-STRUCTURE; SRTIO3; DIFFERENTIATION; ELLIPSOMETRY; SI AB The authors report optical properties and interband-transition critical-point energies of bulk BaTiO3 (001). Room-temperature pseudodielectric function spectrum =+i from 1.5 to 5.2 eV has been measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. In order to obtain the best approximation to the intrinsic dielectric response epsilon(E), the artifacts from surface overlayer in the measured have been minimized by the premeasurement surface treatments as well as the postmeasurement modeling procedure. The measured spectrum exhibited the critical-point structures for four interband transitions and their accurate energy values were obtained by applying the critical-point parabolic band model to the numerically calculated second-energy derivatives of the experimental data. The critical points at 3.27, 3.92, and 4.90 eV were identified as the E-1, A(1), and A(2) interband transitions from early optical reflectance studies. We also report a new critical-point structure at 3.63 eV. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Choi, S. G.; Dattelbaum, A. M.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Srivastava, S. K.; Palmstrom, C. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Choi, SG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sukgeun_choi@nrel.gov RI Choi, Sukgeun/J-2345-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; [ONR-MURI N00014-04-10426] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The work done at the University of Minnesota was supported in part by ONR-MURI N00014-04-10426. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1718 EP 1722 DI 10.1116/1.2976569 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 357VJ UT WOS:000259874900015 ER PT J AU Nightingale, JR Goswami, R Duperre, J Dawson, JM Hornak, LA Korakakis, D AF Nightingale, J. R. Goswami, R. Duperre, J. Dawson, J. M. Hornak, L. A. Korakakis, D. TI Use of ion beam assisted deposition and low temperature annealing for the fabrication of low loss, vertically stacked alumina waveguide structures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-WAVEGUIDES; OXIDE FILMS; STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; SILICON; GLASS AB Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and low temperature annealing in an air atmosphere are used to significantly lower optical losses and environmentally stabilize electron beam deposited, stacked waveguide structures consisting of amorphous aluminum oxide and silica. IBAD is used to add energy to the deposition process and promote film densification, consequently lowering optical propagation losses by reducing the number of light-scattering void regions. Postdeposition, low temperature (600 degrees C and lower) annealing in an air atmosphere for short amounts of time (< 5 min) is used to further reduce losses by means of relaxing thin film stress and lowering scattering losses at the alumina/silica interface in stacked multilayer structures. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Nightingale, J. R.; Goswami, R.; Duperre, J.; Dawson, J. M.; Hornak, L. A.; Korakakis, D.] W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Korakakis, D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Nightingale, JR (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jnightin@mix.wvu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0815]; NSF RII Award [EPS 0554328]; WV EPSCoR Office; WVU Research Corp; West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Program FX This work was funded in part by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-03-1-0815 and NSF RII Award EPS 0554328, for which the WV EPSCoR Office and the WVU Research Corp provided matching funds. J.R.N. received a grant from the West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Program. The authors thank L. E. Rodak and Kolin Brown for helpful discussions. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1813 EP 1816 DI 10.1116/1.2981080 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 357VJ UT WOS:000259874900033 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ Janke, R AF Davis, Michael J. Janke, Robert TI Importance of exposure model in estimating impacts when a water distribution system is contaminated SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER AB The quantity of a contaminant ingested by individuals using tap water drawn from a water distribution system during a contamination event depends on the concentration of the contaminant in the water and the volume of water ingested. If the concentration varies with time, the actual time of exposure affects the quantity ingested. The influence of the timing of exposure and of individual variability in the volume of water ingested on estimated impacts for a contamination event has received limited attention. We examine the significance of ingestion timing and variability in the volume of water ingested by using a number of models for ingestion timing and volume. Contaminant concentrations were obtained from simulations of an actual distribution system for cases involving contaminant injections lasting from 1 to 24 h. We find that assumptions about exposure can significantly influence estimated impacts, especially when injection durations are short and impact thresholds are high. The influence of ingestion timing and volume should be considered when assessing impacts for contamination events. C1 [Davis, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janke, Robert] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mike_davis@anl.gov; janke.robert@epamail.epa.gov FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement through U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Office of Research and Development funded, managed, and participated in the research described here under an interagency agreement. The views expressed in this paper are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USEPA. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement through U. S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. All data analysis and preparation of graphics for this paper were done with R (R Development Core Team 2007). NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 134 IS 5 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:5(449) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 338EZ UT WOS:000258490100007 ER PT J AU Petersen, EE Rasmussen, SA Daniel, KL Yazdy, MM Honein, MA AF Petersen, Emily E. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Daniel, Katherine Lyon Yazdy, Mahsa M. Honein, Margaret A. TI Prescription medication borrowing and sharing among women of reproductive age SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society CY JUN 23-28, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Teratol Soc ID UNITED-STATES; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; VACCINE BELIEFS; DRUGS; PREGNANCY; PARENTS; GENDER AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of prescription medication borrowing and sharing among adults, particularly women of reproductive age. Methods: Data were collected from the 2001-2006 HealthStyles surveys, an annual mail survey conducted in the United States concerning trends in health behavior. The total responses received were 26,566 of 36,420 surveys mailed (response rate 73%). Of these total responses, there were 7,456 women of reproductive age (18-44 years). Survey questions included whether participants had ever shared or borrowed a prescription medication, how often participants shared or borrowed medications in the past year, and types of medications shared or borrowed. Data were weighted by matching sex, age, income, race, and household size variables to annual U.S. census data. Associations between demographic factors and borrowing and sharing were studied. Results: Overall, 28.8% of women and 26.5% of men reported ever borrowing or sharing prescription medications. Women of reproductive age were more likely to report prescription medication borrowing or sharing (36.5%) than women of nonreproductive age (>= 45 years) (19.5%) (rate ratio [RR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77-1.99). Of reproductive-aged women who borrowed or shared prescription medication, the most common medications borrowed or shared were allergy medications (43.8%) and pain medications (42.6%). Conclusions: Prescription medication borrowing and sharing is a common behavior among adults and is more common among reproductive-aged women than among women in other age groups. C1 [Petersen, Emily E.; Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Yazdy, Mahsa M.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Petersen, Emily E.] CDC Experience Fellowship, Atlanta, GA USA. [Daniel, Katherine Lyon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yazdy, Mahsa M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MHonein@cdc.gov OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.1089/jwh.2007.0769 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 354KT UT WOS:000259639200004 PM 18774892 ER PT J AU Perpinan, D Hernandez-Divers, SM Latimer, KS Akre, T Hagen, C Buhlmann, KA Hernandez-Divers, SJ AF Perpinan, David Hernandez-Divers, Sonia M. Latimer, Kenneth S. Akre, Thomas Hagen, Chris Buhlmann, Kurt A. Hernandez-Divers, Stephen J. TI Hematology of the Pascagoula map turtle (Graptemys gibbonsi) and the southeast Asian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cuora amboinensis; Graptemys gibbonsi; hematology; Pascagoula map turtle; reptile; southeast Asian box turtle ID SERUM CHEMISTRY; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; TORTOISE; PARAMETERS AB Turtle populations are decreasing dramatically due to habitat loss and collection for the food and pet market. This study sought to determine hematologic values in two species of turtles to help assess health status of captive and wild populations. Blood samples were collected from 12 individuals of the Pascagoula map turtle (Graptemys gibbonsi) and seven individuals of the Southeast Asian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) front the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (South Carolina, USA). The hematologic data included hematocrit, total solids, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, and differential and percentage leukocyte Counts. Low hematocrit values and high basophil counts were found in both species. The basophil was the most abundant leukocyte in the Pascagoula map turtle (median = 0.80 X 10(9)/L), whereas in the Southeast Asian box turtle the most abundant leukocyte was the heterophil (median 2.06 X 10(9)/L). C1 [Perpinan, David; Hernandez-Divers, Sonia M.; Hernandez-Divers, Stephen J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Latimer, Kenneth S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Akre, Thomas] Longwood Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. [Hagen, Chris; Buhlmann, Kurt A.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29082 USA. RP Perpinan, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Med & Surg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dperpinan@yahoo.es NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 460 EP 463 DI 10.1638/2007-0044.1 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 351ID UT WOS:000259417000024 PM 18817012 ER PT J AU Cook, RC Kozioziemski, BJ Nikroo, A Wilkens, HL Bhandarkar, S Forsman, AC Haan, SW Hoppe, ML Huang, H Mapoles, E Moody, JD Sater, JD Seugling, RM Stephens, RB Takagi, M Xu, HW AF Cook, R. C. Kozioziemski, B. J. Nikroo, A. Wilkens, H. L. Bhandarkar, S. Forsman, A. C. Haan, S. W. Hoppe, M. L. Huang, H. Mapoles, E. Moody, J. D. Sater, J. D. Seugling, R. M. Stephens, R. B. Takagi, M. Xu, H. W. TI National Ignition Facility target design and fabrication SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE National Ignition Facility; NIF target design; NIF tat-get fabrication ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; BERYLLIUM CAPSULES; NIF TARGETS; QUANTITATIVE RADIOGRAPHY; SPUTTERED BERYLLIUM; LASER PERFORMANCE; CRYOGENIC TARGET; ERROR BUDGET; ICF SHELLS; SPECIFICATIONS AB The current capsule target design for the first ignition experiments at the NIF Facility beginning in 2009 will be a copper-doped beryllium capsule. roughly 2 turn in diameter with 160-mu m walls. The capsule will have it 75-mu m layer of solid deuterium-tritium on the inside surface, and the capsule will be powered by X-rays generated from a gold/uranium cocktail hohlraum. The design specifications are extremely rigorous, particularly with respect to interfaces. which must be very smooth to inhibit Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth. This paper outlines the current design. and focuses on the challenges and advances in capsule fabrication and characterization hohlraum fabrication, and deuterium-tritium layering and characterization. C1 [Cook, R. C.; Kozioziemski, B. J.; Bhandarkar, S.; Haan, S. W.; Mapoles, E.; Moody, J. D.; Sater, J. D.; Seugling, R. M.; Takagi, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Nikroo, A.; Wilkens, H. L.; Forsman, A. C.; Hoppe, M. L.; Huang, H.; Seugling, R. M.; Xu, H. W.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bobcook@llnl.gov OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 FU U.S. Department of Energy by General Atomics [DE-AC52-06NA27279]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The work presented here is the result of the efforts of many at General Atomics and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by General Atomics under Contract DE-AC52-06NA27279 and by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1017/S0263034608000499 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 347TG UT WOS:000259163400015 ER PT J AU Hedrick, DB Peacock, AD Long, P White, DC AF Hedrick, David B. Peacock, Aaron D. Long, Philip White, David C. TI Multiply methyl-branched fatty acids and diacids in the polar lipids of a microaerophilic subsurface microbial community SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE branched fatty acids; lipid analysis; environmental samples ID ORGANIC-MATTER; IDENTIFICATION; MYCOBACTERIUM; METABOLISM; BACILLUS; ALKANES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; URANIUM AB A previously unreported series of di- and tri-methylated fatty acids, as well as saturated and monounsaturated diacids were identified in polar lipids isolated from environmental subsurface sediment samples. Mechanisms are proposed for their formation, but their origin and role in cell membranes remains unknown. C1 [Hedrick, David B.] Microbial Insights Inc, Rockford, TN 37853 USA. [Peacock, Aaron D.] Haley & Aldrich, Boston, MA 02129 USA. [Long, Philip] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hedrick, David B.; Peacock, Aaron D.; White, David C.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Hedrick, DB (reprint author), Microbial Insights Inc, 2340 Stock Creek Blvd, Rockford, TN 37853 USA. EM davidhedrick@earthlink.net FU Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research program; Biological and Environmental Research; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-0ER62985, DE-FG02-97ER62475] FX This research was funded by the Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research program, Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy ( grants DE-FG02-0ER62985 and DE-FG02-97ER62475). NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 9 BP 843 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s11745-008-3206-1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 344YA UT WOS:000258962000007 PM 18612672 ER PT J AU Sherby, OD Wadsworth, J Lesuer, DR Syn, CK AF Sherby, Oleg D. Wadsworth, Jeffrey Lesuer, Donald R. Syn, Chol K. TI Revisiting the Structure of Martensite in Iron-Carbon Steels SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE steels; martensitic transformation; transformation structure; retained austenite; quenching; diamond ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BALL-MILLED IRON; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FE-C; TRANSFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS; SOLIDIFICATION; PRESSURE AB A model is developed to describe the formation and crystal structure of martensite in quenched Fe-C steels based on the extensive published literature on the subject. Unique changes in the properties and structure of martensite are shown to occur at 0.6 mass% C, designated as the H-point. The concept of primary and secondary martensite is introduced in order to indicate that two different, sequential, martensites will form during quenching of Fe-C steels above 0.6 mass% C. Below 0.6 mass% C, only primary martensite is created through the two sequential steps FCC -> HCP followed by HCP -> BCC. Primary martensite has a lath structure and is described as BCC iron containing a C-rich phase that precipitates during quenching. The HCP transition phase is critical in interpreting the two martensite structures based on the premise that the maximum solubility of C in the HCP phase is 0.6 mass%. Primary martensite continues to form at compositions greater than 0.6 mass% C with the creation of a carbon-rich BCT phase. This is followed by the start of secondary martensite which forms at the M-s (martensite start temperature) and creates the traditional BCT plates adjoining retained austenite. Both martensites are predicted to co-exist at the highest C contents. A quantitative model, based on the specific volume of the various phases obtained after quenching, has been used to calculate the composition of the precipitated C-rich phase for a 0.88 mass% C steel. It is predicted that the carbon-rich phase is either diamond or eta (Fe2C) carbide. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MRA2007338] C1 [Sherby, Oleg D.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wadsworth, Jeffrey] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Lesuer, Donald R.; Syn, Chol K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sherby, OD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The authors acknowledge an anonymous reviewer who has supplied information that has helped to clarify the proposed transformation model. The work described here was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 92 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 33 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 9 BP 2016 EP 2027 DI 10.2320/matertrans.MRA2007338 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 365HH UT WOS:000260396000018 ER PT J AU Barnes, DN George, JS Ng, KT AF Barnes, Derek N. George, John S. Ng, Kwong T. TI Finite difference iterative solvers for electroencephalography: serial and parallel performance analysis SO MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE EEG; forward solution; finite difference; iterative solver; parallel computing ID HEAD MODEL; EEG; ALGORITHM; LOCALIZATION; RECIPROCITY AB Currently the resolution of the head models used in electroencephalography (EEG) studies is limited by the speed of the forward solver. Here, we present a parallel finite difference technique that can reduce the solution time of the governing Poisson equation for a head model. Multiple processors are used to work on the problem simultaneously in order to speed up the solution and provide the memory for solving large problems. The original computational domain is divided into multiple rectangular partitions. Each partition is then assigned to a processor, which is responsible for all the computations and inter-processor communication associated with the nodes in that particular partition. Since the forward solution time is mainly spent on solving the associated matrix equation, it is desirable to find the optimum matrix solver. A detailed comparison of various iterative solvers was performed for both isotropic and anisotropic realistic head models constructed from MRI images. The conjugate gradient (CG) method preconditioned with an advanced geometric multigrid technique was found to provide the best overall performance. For an anisotropic model with 256 x 128 x 256 cells, this technique provides a speedup of 508 on 32 processors over the serial CG solution, with a speedup of 20.1 and 25.3 through multigrid preconditioning and parallelization, respectively. C1 [Barnes, Derek N.; Ng, Kwong T.] New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [George, John S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ng, KT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, MSC 3-O, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ngnsr@nmsu.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0140-0118 EI 1741-0444 J9 MED BIOL ENG COMPUT JI Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 901 EP 910 DI 10.1007/s11517-008-0344-9 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 343GY UT WOS:000258842700007 PM 18478286 ER PT J AU Darsell, JT Weil, KS AF Darsell, Jens T. Weil, K. Scott TI Effect of filler metal composition on the strength of yttria stabilized zirconia joints brazed with Pd-Ag-CuO(x) SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COPPER OXIDE; SYSTEM; ADDITIONS; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB Various compositions in the Ag-CuO(x) system are being investigated as potential filler metals for use in air brazing high-temperature electrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells and gas concentrators. Prior work has shown that the melting temperature, and therefore the potential operational temperature, of these materials can be increased by alloying with palladium. The current study examines the effects of palladium addition on the joint strength of specimens prepared from yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) bars brazed with three different families of filler metals: Ag-CuO, 5Pd-Ag-CuO, and 15Pd-Ag-CuO. In general, it was found that palladium leads to a small-to-moderate decrease in joint strength, particularly in low copper oxide containing filler metals. However, the declination in strength is likely an acceptable trade-off for increased use temperature. In addition, a critical composition was observed for each filler metal series at which the mechanism for joint failure underwent a transition, typically from ductile to brittle failure. In each case, this composition corresponds approximately to the silver-rich boundary composition of the liquid miscibility gap in each system at the temperature of brazing. C1 [Darsell, Jens T.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Weil, K. Scott] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39A IS 9 BP 2095 EP 2105 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9565-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330OG UT WOS:000257952100009 ER PT J AU Zheng, B Zhou, Y Smugeresky, JE Schoenung, JM Lavernia, EJ AF Zheng, B. Zhou, Y. Smugeresky, J. E. Schoenung, J. M. Lavernia, E. J. TI Thermal behavior and microstructural evolution during laser deposition with laser-engineered net shaping: Part I. Numerical calculations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; PHASE-CHANGE; SOLIDIFICATION; MECHANISM; DROPLETS; MODEL; LENS AB Laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) is a rapid direct manufacturing process. The LENS process can be analyzed as a sequence of discrete events, given that it is a layer-by-layer process. The thermal history associated with the LENS process involves numerous reheating cycles. In this article, the thermal behavior during laser deposition with LENS is simulated numerically by using the alternate-direction explicit (ADE) finite difference method (FDM). The simulation results showed that deposited material experiences a significant rapid quenching effect during the initial stages of deposition and can attain a very high cooling rate. With an increase in deposit thickness, the rapid quenching effect decreases and eventually disappears. The effects of the processing parameters on the thermal behavior of deposited materials were also simulated and analyzed. The objective of this study is to provide insight into the thermal history during the LENS process, where the ability to correlate process parameters to microstructural evolution is a motivating force. C1 [Zheng, B.; Zhou, Y.; Schoenung, J. M.; Lavernia, E. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smugeresky, J. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zheng, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bzheng@ucdavis.edu RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39A IS 9 BP 2228 EP 2236 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9557-7 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330OG UT WOS:000257952100021 ER PT J AU Zheng, B Zhou, Y Smugeresky, JE Schoenung, JM Lavernia, EJ AF Zheng, B. Zhou, Y. Smugeresky, J. E. Schoenung, J. M. Lavernia, E. J. TI Thermal behavior and microstructure evolution during laser deposition with laser-engineered net shaping: Part II. Experimental investigation and discussion SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; ALLOY POWDERS; SOLIDIFICATION; LENS; ATOMIZATION AB The thermal behavior during laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) processing was numerically simulated using the alternate direction explicit finite difference method in Part I of this work. In this article, Part II, the numerical simulation results were compared to experimental results obtained with LENS-deposited 316L stainless steel. In particular, the cooling rate that is present during LENS deposition was established on the basis of dendrite arm spacing (DAS) measurements with and without a melt pool sensor (MPS) and a Z-height control (ZHC) subsystem. The microstructure of the deposited materials was characterized and analyzed, and the corresponding microhardness was measured as a function of distance from the substrate. The influence of thermal history on microstructure evolution was analyzed and discussed based on both modeling and experimental results. The results discussed in this article suggest relatively good agreement between experiments and modeling. C1 [Zheng, B.; Zhou, Y.; Schoenung, J. M.; Lavernia, E. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smugeresky, J. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zheng, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bzheng@ucdavis.edu RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39A IS 9 BP 2237 EP 2245 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9566-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330OG UT WOS:000257952100022 ER PT J AU Gargas, DJ Sirbuly, DJ Mason, MD Carson, PJ Buratto, SK AF Gargas, Daniel J. Sirbuly, Donald J. Mason, Michael D. Carson, Paul J. Buratto, Steven K. TI Investigation of polarization anisotropy in individual porous silicon nanoparticles SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE porous silicone; silicon nanocrystal; photoluminescence; polarization; anisotropy ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE POLARIZATION; LUMINESCENCE; MICROCRYSTALS; NANOCRYSTALS; EMISSION; LIGHT AB Polarization anisotropy is investigated in single porous silicon nanoparticles containing multiple chromophores. Two forms of nanoparticle samples are studied; low current density (LCD) and high current density (HCD). Photoluminescence measurements reveal that LCD samples exhibit red-shifted spectra and HCD particles display a blue-shifted spectrum. We utilize single molecule spectroscopy to detect the polarization effects of spatially isolated individual nanoparticles, and show that LCD nanoparticles demonstrate strong polarization anisotropy, whereas a dynamic polarization response is collected from HCD nanoparticles. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gargas, Daniel J.; Carson, Paul J.; Buratto, Steven K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sirbuly, Donald J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mason, Michael D.] Univ Maine, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Buratto, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Buratto@chem.ucsb.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0316231] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CHE-0316231). NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1144 EP 1148 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2007.07.088 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 351FS UT WOS:000259410500008 ER PT J AU Dattelbaum, AM Hicks, RK Shelley, J Koppisch, AT Iyer, S AF Dattelbaum, A. M. Hicks, R. K. Shelley, J. Koppisch, A. T. Iyer, S. TI Surface assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry on patterned nanoporous silica thin films SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; mesoporous; patterned; LDI-MS; matrix-free ID OXIDIZED CARBON NANOTUBES; MALDI-TOF-MS; POROUS SILICON; SMALL MOLECULES; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MATRIX; BIOMOLECULES; MESOPHASES AB We describe the preparation and use Of patterned nanocomposite silica thin films deposited oil silicon for laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) without the use of conventional matrices. Ordered nanocomposite silica thin films deposited on silicon substrates were prepared by evaporation induced self-assembly using Brij56 as the surfactant template. The films were then exposed to masked deep-UV light to selectively remove the template to yield isolated regions of ordered nanoporous silica in a field of nanostructured silica. The nanoporous regions act as isolated "wells" that allow for the mass spectral characterization of analytes by laser induced desorption-ionization MS using a commercial MALDI-TOF instrument. We demonstrate the utility of these patterned films for the mass spectral analysis of small organic molecules, such as amino acids, peptides and siderophores. No consistent background signal from the films was observed at laser intensities typically used to desorb/ionize analytes. We also show that the films remain active for over a year when stored at ambient laboratory conditions. Because these patterned nanocomposite films are straightforward to produce, readily modifiable and stable at ambient laboratory conditions, they provide a potentially useful alternative to currently available films and substrates for matrix-free LDI-MS analysis of small molecules. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shelley, J.; Koppisch, A. T.; Iyer, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bioenergy & Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dattelbaum, A. M.; Hicks, R. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Iyer, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bioenergy & Environm Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM siyer@lanl.gov FU Los Alanios National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to thank the Los Alanios National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development program, as well as the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences for providing funding for this work. We would also like to thank Andrew P. Shreve, Gabriel A. Montano and Jose Olivares for helpful discussions about this work NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.01.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 337JJ UT WOS:000258432100017 ER PT J AU Coffman, VR Sethna, JP Heber, G Liu, M Ingraffea, A Bailey, NP Barker, EI AF Coffman, V. R. Sethna, J. P. Heber, G. Liu, M. Ingraffea, A. Bailey, N. P. Barker, E. I. TI A comparison of finite element and atomistic modelling of fracture SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CRACK-GROWTH; CONTINUUM; SOLIDS; AL AB Are the cohesive laws of interfaces sufficient for modelling fracture in polycrystals using the cohesive zone model? We examine this question by comparing a fully atomistic simulation of a silicon polycrystal with a finite element simulation with a similar overall geometry. The cohesive laws used in the finite element simulation are measured atomistically. We describe in detail how to convert the output of atomistic grain boundary fracture simulations into the piecewise linear form needed by a cohesive zone model. We discuss the effects of grain boundary microparameters (the choice of section of the interface, the translations of the grains relative to one another and the cutting plane of each lattice orientation) on the cohesive laws and polycrystal fracture. We find that the atomistic simulations fracture at lower levels of external stress, indicating that the initiation of fracture in the atomistic simulations is likely dominated by irregular atomic structures at external faces, internal edges, corners and junctions of grains. Thus, the cohesive properties of interfaces alone are not likely to be sufficient for modelling the fracture of polycrystals using continuum methods. C1 [Coffman, V. R.; Sethna, J. P.] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Heber, G.; Liu, M.; Ingraffea, A.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Fracture Grp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bailey, N. P.] Roskilde Univ Ctr, DNRF Ctr Glass & Time, Dept Math & Phys, IMFUFA, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Barker, E. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coffman, VR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM valerie.coffman@nist.gov RI Coffman, Valerie/B-6494-2009 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 AR 065008 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/16/6/065008 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 336SV UT WOS:000258385800008 ER PT J AU Hwang, JS Takaku, Y Chapman, J Ikeo, K David, CN Gojobori, T AF Hwang, Jung Shan Takaku, Yasuharu Chapman, Jarrod Ikeo, Kazuho David, Charles N. Gojobori, Takashi TI Cilium evolution: Identification of a novel protein, nematocilin, in the mechanosensory cilium of Hydra nematocytes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cnidaria; cnidocil; evolution; Hydra; intermediate filament; nematocyst ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; COILED COILS; IF PROTEINS; HAIR-CELLS; GENE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; TENTACLES; CNIDARIA; COMPLEX; DIFFERENTIATION AB The cnidocil at the apical end of Hydra nematocytes is a mechanosensory cilium, which acts as a "trigger" for discharge of the nematocyst capsule. The cnidocil protrudes from the center of the cnidocil apparatus and is composed of singlet and doublet microtubules surrounding an electron-dense central filament. In this paper, we identify a novel protein, nematocilin, which is localized in the central filament. Immunofluorescence staining and immunogold electron microscopy show that nematocilin forms filaments in the central core of the cnidocil. Nematocilin represents a new member of the intermediate filament superfamily. Two paralogous sequences of nematocilin are present in the Hydra genome and appear to be the result of recent gene duplication. Comparison of the exon-intron structure suggests that the nematocilin genes evolved from the nuclear lamin gene by conserving exons encoding the coiled-coil domains and replacing the C-terminal lamin domains. Molecular phylogenetic analyses also support the hypothesis of a common ancestor between lamin and nematocilin. Comparison of cnidocil structures in different cnidarians indicates that a central filament is present in the cnidocils of several hydrozoan and a cubozoan species but is absent in the cnidocils of anthozoans. A nematocilin homolog is absent in the recently completed genome of the anthozoan Nematostella. Thus, the evolution of a novel ciliary structure, which provides mechanical rigidity to the sensory cilium during the process of mechanoreception, is associated with the evolution of a novel protein. C1 [Hwang, Jung Shan; Takaku, Yasuharu; Ikeo, Kazuho; Gojobori, Takashi] Natl Inst Genet, Ctr Informat Biol, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, Japan. [Hwang, Jung Shan; Takaku, Yasuharu; Ikeo, Kazuho; Gojobori, Takashi] Natl Inst Genet, DDBJ, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, Japan. [Chapman, Jarrod] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [David, Charles N.] Univ Munich, Dept Biol 2, Munich, Germany. RP Hwang, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Genet, Ctr Informat Biol, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, Japan. EM tgojobor@genes.nig.ac.jp NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 9 BP 2009 EP 2017 DI 10.1093/molbev/msn154 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 337ZF UT WOS:000258473400020 PM 18635678 ER PT J AU Hillwig, MS LeBrasseur, ND Green, PJ MacIntosh, GC AF Hillwig, Melissa S. LeBrasseur, Nicole D. Green, Pamela J. MacIntosh, Gustavo C. TI Impact of transcriptional, ABA-dependent, and ABA-independent pathways on wounding regulation of RNS1 expression SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE abscisic acid; post-transcriptional regulation; promoter; ribonuclease; wounding ID ACID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INHIBITOR-II GENE; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHOSPHATE STARVATION; BINDING-PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; TOMATO; INDUCTION; RESPONSES AB Injured plants induce a wide range of genes whose products are thought to help to repair the plant or to defend against opportunistic pathogens that might infect the wounded plant. In Arabidopsis thaliana L., oligogalacturonides (OGAs) and jasmonic acid (JA) are the main regulators of the signaling pathways that control the local and systemic wound response, respectively. RNS1, a secreted ribonuclease, is induced by wounding in Arabidopsis independent of these two signals, thus indicating that another wound-response signal exists. Here we show that abscisic acid (ABA), which induces wound-responsive genes in other systems, also induces RNS1. In the absence of ABA signaling, wounding induces only approximately 45% of the endogenous levels of RNS1 mRNA. However, significant levels of RNS1 still accumulate in the absence of ABA signaling. Our results suggest that wound-responsive increases in ABA production may amplify induction of RNS1 by a novel ABA-independent pathway. To elucidate this novel pathway, we show here that the wound induction of RNS1 is due in part to transcriptional regulation by wounding and ABA. We also show evidence of post-transcriptional regulation which may contribute to the high levels of RNS1 transcript accumulation in response to wounding. C1 [MacIntosh, Gustavo C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [MacIntosh, Gustavo C.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Plant Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hillwig, Melissa S.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [LeBrasseur, Nicole D.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Green, Pamela J.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Green, Pamela J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP MacIntosh, GC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gustavo@iastate.edu OI MacIntosh, Gustavo/0000-0003-1350-1229 FU National Science Foundation [0096394, 0228144, 0445638]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-91ER20021]; Roy J. Carver Charitable Foundation [06-2323] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Daniel Cook and Dr. Michael Thomashow (Michigan State University) for helpful discussions and for sharing ABA mutant seeds and the COR6.6 clone. We also thank Dr. Alan Myers (Iowa State University) for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0096394, 0228144, and 0445638 to P.J.G.), the US Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-91ER20021 to P.J.G.), and the Roy J. Carver Charitable Foundation (grant no. 06-2323 to G.C.M.). NR 65 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 280 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s00438-008-0360-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 338WU UT WOS:000258540900006 PM 18607631 ER PT J AU Bachelder, EM Beaudette, TT Broaders, KE Paramonov, SE Dashe, J Frechet, JMJ AF Bachelder, Eric M. Beaudette, Tristan T. Broaders, Kyle E. Paramonov, Sergey E. Dashe, Jesse Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Acid-degradable polyurethane particles for protein-based vaccines: Biological evaluation and in vitro analysis of particle degradation products SO MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE vaccination; microparticles; acid-degradable materials; polyacetal; CTL; LC-MS ID POLY(BETA-AMINO ESTER) NANOPARTICLES; TUMOR-TARGETED DELIVERY; PH-SENSITIVE SYSTEM; DENDRITIC CELLS; CYTOSOLIC DELIVERY; HYDROPHOBIC DRUGS; ANTIGEN DELIVERY; T-CELLS; VIVO; MICROPARTICLES AB Acid-degradable particles containing a model protein antigen, ovalbumin, were prepared from a polyurethane with acetal moieties embedded throughout the polymer, and characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The small molecule degradation byproduct of the particles was synthesized and tested in vitro for toxicity indicating an LC50 of 12,500 mu g/mL. A new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique was developed to monitor the in vitro degradation of these particles. The degradation byproduct inside RAW macrophages was at its highest level after 24 h of culture and was efficiently exocytosed until it was no longer detectable after 4 days. When tested in vitro, these particles induced a substantial increase in the presentation of the immunodominant ovalbumin-derived peptide SIINFEKL in both macrophages and dendritic cells. In addition, vaccination with these particles generated a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response that was superior to both free ovalbumin and particles made from an analogous but slower-degrading acid-labile polyurethane polymer. Overall, we present a fully degradable polymer system with nontoxic byproducts, which may find use in various biomedical applications including protein-based vaccines. C1 [Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 718 Latimer Hall,MC 1460, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu RI Broaders, Kyle/G-2796-2010; OI Broaders, Kyle/0000-0002-6827-8717; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 EB005824, 1 U01 HL080729-01] FX We thank the National Institutes of Health (Grant RO1 EB005824) and the NIH Program of Excellence in Nanotechnology (1 U01 HL080729-01) for support of this work. We also thank Ann Fisher and Michelle Yasukawa in the MCB Cell Culture Facility for her help and Patrick Holder for his LC-MS expertise. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1543-8384 J9 MOL PHARMACEUT JI Mol. Pharm. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 876 EP 884 DI 10.1021/mp800068x PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 357PV UT WOS:000259859500018 PM 18710254 ER PT J AU Cao, PJ Bartley, LE Jung, KH Ronald, PC AF Cao, Pei-Jian Bartley, Laura E. Jung, Ki-Hong Ronald, Pamela C. TI Construction of a rice glycosyltransferase phylogenomic database and identification of rice-diverged glycosyltransferases SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE glycosyltransferases; GT; phylogenetic tree; orthologs; expression pattern; mutant lines; phylogenomic database; rice; cell wall ID CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE; CARBOHYDRATE-ACTIVE ENZYMES; CELL WALL BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; GLUCURONOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; TAGGING LINES AB Glycosyltransferases (GTs; EC 2.4. x. y) constitute a large group of enzymes that form glycosidic bonds through transfer of sugars from activated donor molecules to acceptor molecules. GTs are critical to the biosynthesis of plant cell walls, among other diverse functions. Based on the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) database and sequence similarity searches, we have identified 609 potential GT genes (loci) corresponding to 769 transcripts (gene models) in rice (Oryza sativa), the reference monocotyledonous species. Using domain composition and sequence similarity, these rice GTs were classified into 40 CAZy families plus an additional unknown class. We found that two Pfam domains of unknown function, PF04577 and PF04646, are associated with GT families GT61 and GT31, respectively. To facilitate functional analysis of this important and large gene family, we created a phylogenomic Rice GT Database (http://ricephylogenomics. ucdavis. edu/cellwalls/gt/). Through the database, several classes of functional genomic data, including mutant lines and gene expression data, can be displayed for each rice GT in the context of a phylogenetic tree, allowing for comparative analysis both within and between GT families. Comprehensive digital expression analysis of public gene expression data revealed that most (similar to 80%) rice GTs are expressed. Based on analysis with Inparanoid, we identified 282 'rice-diverged' GTs that lack orthologs in sequenced dicots (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus tricocarpa, Medicago truncatula, and Ricinus communis). Combining these analyses, we identified 33 rice-diverged GT genes (45 gene models) that are highly expressed in above-ground, vegetative tissues. From the literature and this analysis, 21 of these loci are excellent targets for functional examination toward understanding and manipulating grass cell wall qualities. Study of the remainder may reveal aspects of hormone and protein metabolism that are critical for rice biology. This list of 33 genes and the Rice GT Database will facilitate the study of GTs and cell wall synthesis in rice and other plants. C1 [Cao, Pei-Jian; Bartley, Laura E.; Jung, Ki-Hong; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cao, Pei-Jian; Bartley, Laura E.; Jung, Ki-Hong; Ronald, Pamela C.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94710 USA. [Cao, Pei-Jian] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Bioinformat, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Ronald, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pcronald@ucdavis.edu OI Bartley, Laura/0000-0001-8610-7551 FU Department of Energy; Plant Genomics Research Program National Science Foundation [DBI-0313887]; University of California Office of the President Postdoctoral Fellowship; Korea Research Foundation Grant [KRF-2005-C00155] FX This work was supported by a Department of Energy grant to the Joint BioEnergy Institute and a Plant Genomics Research Program National Science Foundation grant DBI-0313887 to P.C.R.; We thank Drs Henrik Scheller and Wolf Frommer for their suggestions regarding this project and comments on the manuscript. We also thank Drs Blake C. Meyers and Kan Nobuta for sending MPSS data and Dr Gynheung An for providing the information on the knockout and activation tagging lines of rice GTs. L.E.B. was supported in part by a University of California Office of the President Postdoctoral Fellowship. K.H.J. was supported in part by a Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2005-C00155). No conflicts of interest are declared. NR 92 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1 IS 5 BP 858 EP 877 DI 10.1093/mp/ssn052 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 346YC UT WOS:000259104500014 PM 19825588 ER PT J AU Weng, KC Noble, CO Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg, B Chen, FF Drummond, DC Kirpotin, DB Wang, DH Hom, YK Hann, B Park, JW AF Weng, Kevin C. Noble, Charles O. Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg, Brigitte Chen, Fanqing F. Drummond, Daryl C. Kirpotin, Dmitri B. Wang, Donghui Hom, Yun K. Hann, Byron Park, John W. TI Targeted tumor cell internalization and imaging of multifunctional quantum dot-conjugated immunoliposomes in vitro and in vivo SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIVE CELLS; DELIVERY; LIPOSOMES; EFFICIENT; EFFICACY; PROBES; ASSAYS; DRUGS AB Targeted drug delivery systems that combine imaging and therapeutic modalities in a single macromolecular construct may offer advantages in the development and application of nanomedicines. To incorporate the unique optical properties of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) into immunoliposomes for cancer diagnosis and treatment, we describe the synthesis, biophysical characterization, tumor cell-selective internalization, and anticancer drug delivery of QD-conjugated immunoliposome-based nanoparticles (QD-ILs). Pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo imaging capability of QD-ILs were also investigated. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to visualize naked QDs, liposome controls, nontargeted QD-conjugated liposomes (QD-Ls), and QD-ILs. QD-ILs prepared by insertion of anti-HER2 scFv exhibited efficient receptor-mediated endocytosis in HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 and MCF-7/HER2 cells but not in control MCF-7 cells as analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In contrast, nontargeted QD-Ls showed minimal binding and uptake in these cells. Doxorubicin-loaded QD-ILs showed efficient anticancer activity, while no cytotoxicity was observed for QD-ILs without chemotherapeutic payload. In athymic mice, QD-ILs significantly prolonged circulation of QDs, exhibiting a plasma terminal half-life (t(1/2)) of similar to 2.9 h as compared to free QDs with t(1/2) < 10 min. In MCF-7/HER2 xenograft models, localization of QD-ILs at tumor sites was confirmed by in vivo fluorescence imaging. C1 [Weng, Kevin C.; Wang, Donghui; Hom, Yun K.; Hann, Byron; Park, John W.] UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. [Noble, Charles O.; Drummond, Daryl C.; Kirpotin, Dmitri B.] Hermes Biosci, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg, Brigitte] NanoAnalyt Lab, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Chen, Fanqing F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, JW (reprint author), UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, 1600 Divisadero St,2nd Fl, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM jpark@cc.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50-CA097257, P50-CA58207-01, P50-CA89520, U54-CA90788] NR 28 TC 171 Z9 182 U1 15 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2851 EP 2857 DI 10.1021/nl801488u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200043 PM 18712930 ER PT J AU Martinson, ABF Elam, JW Liu, J Pellin, MJ Marks, TJ Hupp, JT AF Martinson, Alex B. F. Elam, Jeffrey W. Liu, Jun Pellin, Michael J. Marks, Tobin J. Hupp, Joseph T. TI Radial electron collection in dye-sensitized solar cells SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; OXIDE-FILMS; INDIUM; TIN AB We introduce a new photoelectrode architecture consisting of concentric conducting and semiconducting nanotubes for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Atomic layer deposition is employed to grow indium tin oxide (ITO) within a porous template and subsequently coat the high area photoelectrocle with amorphous TiO2. Compared with control devices lacking a current collector within the pores, the new photoelectrode geometry exhibits dramatically higher current densities, an effect attributed to the radial collection of electrons. C1 [Martinson, Alex B. F.; Liu, Jun; Pellin, Michael J.; Marks, Tobin J.; Hupp, Joseph T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Martinson, Alex B. F.; Liu, Jun; Pellin, Michael J.; Marks, Tobin J.; Hupp, Joseph T.] Northwestern Univ, Argonne NW Solar Energy Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Martinson, Alex B. F.; Elam, Jeffrey W.; Pellin, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hupp, JT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM j-hupp@northwestern.edu RI Liu, Jun/A-1806-2011; Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; Hupp, Joseph/K-8844-2012; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Hupp, Joseph/0000-0003-3982-9812; Martinson, Alex/0000-0003-3916-1672 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences Program [DE-FG02-87ER13808, DE-FG02-06ER46320]; U.S. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]; NU NSF-NSEC; NU NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois; Northwestern University FX The work at Northwestern was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences Program, under Grant DE-FG02-87ER13808 and Grant DE-FG02-06ER46320. Work at Argonne was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences under Contract W-31-109-ENG-38. SEM measurements were made in the EPIC facility of the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. The NUANCE Center is supported by the NU NSF-NSEC, NU NSF-MRSEC, the Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. NR 26 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2862 EP 2866 DI 10.1021/nl8015285 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200045 PM 18700800 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Zhang, JZ Wu, J Coffer, JL Lin, ZJ Sinogeikin, SV Yang, WG Zhao, YS AF Wang, Yuejian Zhang, Jianzhong Wu, Ji Coffer, Jeffrey L. Lin, Zhijun Sinogeikin, Stanislav V. Yang, Wenge Zhao, Yusheng TI Phase transition and compressibility in silicon nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; FABRICATION; MODULUS; CRYSTAL AB Silicon nanowires (Si NWs), one-dimensional single crystalline, have recently drawn extensive attention, thanks to their robust applications in electrical and optical devices as well as in the strengthening of diamond/SiC superhard composites. Here, we conducted high-pressure synchrotron diffraction experiments in a diamond anvil cell to study phase transitions and compressibility of Si NWs. Our results revealed that the onset pressure for the Si I-II transformation in Si NWs is approximately 2.0 GPa lower than previously determined values for bulk Si, a trend that is consistent with the analysis of misfit in strain energy. The bulk modulus of Si-l NWs derived from the pressure-volume measurements is 123 GPa, which is comparable to that of Si-V NWs but 25% larger than the reported values for bulk silicon. The reduced compressibility in Si NWs indicates that the unique wire-like structure in nanoscale plays vital roles in the elastic behavior of condensed matter. C1 [Wang, Yuejian; Zhang, Jianzhong; Lin, Zhijun; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wu, Ji; Coffer, Jeffrey L.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Sinogeikin, Stanislav V.; Yang, Wenge] Carnegie Inst Washington, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sinogeikin, Stanislav V.; Yang, Wenge] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wang_yuejian@hotmail.com; yzhao@lanl.gov RI Coffer, Jeffery/G-5686-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; WU, JI /F-6371-2013; WU, JI/F-6379-2013; Lin, Zhijun/A-5543-2010; WU, JI/J-4580-2016; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE-BES; DOE-NNSA; NSF; W.M. Keck Foundation FX This research is supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The experimental work was performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT is supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA, NSF, and the W.M. Keck Foundation. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2891 EP 2895 DI 10.1021/nl8016576 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200050 PM 18720974 ER PT J AU Khoo, KH Neaton, JB Son, YW Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Khoo, Khoong Hong Neaton, J. B. Son, Young Woo Cohen, Marvin L. Louie, Steven G. TI Negative differential resistance in carbon atomic wire-carbon nanotube junctions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTANCE QUANTIZATION; POINT CONTACTS AB Negative differential resistance (NDR) was recently observed in carbon nanotube junctions just before breaking and hypothesized to arise from the formation of monatomic carbon wires in the junction. Motivated by these results, a first-principles scattering-state approach, based on density functional theory, is used to study the transport properties of carbon chains covalently connecting metallic carbon nanotube leads at finite bias. The I-V characteristics of short carbon chains are predicted to exhibit even-odd behavior, and NDR is found for both even and odd chain junctions in our calculations. C1 [Neaton, J. B.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Khoo, Khoong Hong; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept ojPhys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neaton, J. B.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Son, Young Woo] Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Son, Young Woo] Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Computat Sci, Seoul 130722, South Korea. RP Neaton, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbneaton@lbl.gov RI son, Young-Woo/B-2566-2010; Khoo, Khoong Hong/G-3983-2012; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015 OI Khoo, Khoong Hong/0000-0002-4628-1202; Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135 FU National Science Foundation [DMR07-05941]; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH 11231]; KRF [KRF-2007-314-C00093] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant DMR07-05941. Portions of this work were also performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and were supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH 11231. Y.W.S. acknowledges support from the KRF (No. KRF-2007-314-C00093). Computational resources have been provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and the San Diego Supercomputing Center. NR 37 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2900 EP 2905 DI 10.1021/nl8017143 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200052 PM 18710297 ER PT J AU Sun, JW Buhro, WE Wang, LW Schrier, J AF Sun, Jianwei Buhro, William E. Wang, Lin-Wang Schrier, Joshua TI Electronic structure and spectroscopy of cadmium telluride quantum wires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; EFFECTIVE-MASS; CDSE; DOTS; STATES; BAND; NANOCRYSTALS; CONFINEMENT; WURTZITE AB The size-dependent electronic structure of CdTe quantum wires is determined by density functional theory using the local density approximation with band-corrected pseudopotential method. The results of the calculations are then used to assign the size-dependent absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum wires synthesized by the solution-liquid-solid mechanism. Quantitative agreement between experiment and theory is achieved. The absorption features comprise transitions involving the highest 25-30 valence-band states and lowest 15 conduction-band states. Individual transitions are not resolved; rather, the absorption features consist of clusters of transitions that are determined by the conduction-band energy-level spacings. The sequence, character, and spacing of the conduction-band states are strikingly consistent with the predictions of the simple effective-mass-approximation, particle-in-a-cylinder model. The model is used to calculate the size dependence of the electron effective mass in CdTe quantum wires. C1 [Wang, Lin-Wang; Schrier, Joshua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sun, Jianwei; Buhro, William E.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Sun, Jianwei; Buhro, William E.] Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Schrier, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jschrier@haverford.edu RI Buhro, William/A-7682-2009; Schrier, Joshua/B-6838-2009 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0518427]; DMSE/BES/SC of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX J. Sun and W.E.B. thank Professor Richard A. Loomis for helpful discussions, and the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-0518427) for support. L.-W.W. and J. Schrier are supported by DMSE/BES/SC of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and used the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2913 EP 2919 DI 10.1021/nl0801737m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200054 PM 18698835 ER PT J AU Park, CH Son, YW Yang, L Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Park, Cheol-Hwan Son, Young-Woo Yang, Li Cohen, Marvin L. Louie, Steven G. TI Electron beam supercollimation in graphene superlattices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASSLESS DIRAC FERMIONS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; CARBON NANOTUBES; GAS; INTERFEROMETER; INTERFERENCE; TRANSPORT; LENS AB Although electrons and photons are intrinsically different, importing useful concepts in optics to electronics performing similar functions has been actively pursued over the last two decades. In particular, collimation of an electron beam is a long-standing goal. We show that ballistic propagation of an electron beam with virtual no spatial spreading or diffraction, without a waveguide or external magnetic field, can be achieved in graphene under an appropriate class of experimentally feasible one-dimensional external periodic potentials. The novel chiral quasi-one-dimensional metallic state that the charge carriers are in originates from a collapse of the intrinsic helical nature of the charge carriers in graphene owing to the superlattice potential. Beyond providing a new way to constructing chiral one-dimensional states in two dimensions, our findings should be useful in graphene-based electronic devices (e.g., for information processing) utilizing some of the highly developed concepts in optics. C1 [Park, Cheol-Hwan; Yang, Li; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Cheol-Hwan; Yang, Li; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Son, Young-Woo] Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Son, Young-Woo] Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Computat Sci, Seoul 130722, South Korea. RP Louie, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sglouie@berkeley.edu RI Park, Cheol-Hwan/A-1543-2009; son, Young-Woo/B-2566-2010 OI Park, Cheol-Hwan/0000-0003-1584-6896; FU NSF [DMR07-05941]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; KOSEF [R01-2007-000-10654-0]; Korean government (MEST) [200803670] FX We thank Dmitry Novikov and Jay Deep San for fruitful discussions. This research was supported by NSF Grant DMR07-05941 and by DOE Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. Y.-W.S. was supported by KOSEF Grant R01-2007-000-10654-0 and by Nano R&D program 200803670 through the KOSEF funded by the Korean government (MEST). Computational resources have been provided by NPACI and NERSC. NR 30 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2920 EP 2924 DI 10.1021/nl801752r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200055 PM 18720975 ER PT J AU Kueck, AM Kim, DK Ramasse, QM De Jonghe, LC Ritchie, RO AF Kueck, Aaron M. Kim, Do Kyung Ramasse, Quentin M. De Jonghe, L. C. Ritchie, R. O. TI Atomic-resolution imaging of the nanoscale origin of toughness in rare-earth doped SiC SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOUGHENED SILICON-CARBIDE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; RESIDUAL-STRESS; CERAMICS; NITRIDE; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; INTERFACE; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Ultrahigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic-scale spectroscopy are used to investigate the origin of the toughness in rare-earth doped silicon carbide (RE-SiC) by examining the mechanistic nature of the intergranular cracking events which we find to occur precisely along the RE-decorated interface between the SiC grains and the nanoscale grain-boundary phase. We conclude that, for optimal toughness, the relative elastic modulus across the grain-boundary phase and the interfacial fracture toughness are the most critical material parameters; both can be altered with judicious choice of rare-earth elements. C1 [Kueck, Aaron M.; De Jonghe, L. C.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramasse, Quentin M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kueck, Aaron M.; De Jonghe, L. C.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Do Kyung] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kim, Do Kyung/C-2039-2011 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kim, Do Kyung/0000-0001-9092-9427 FU Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory by the Department of Energy; SBS Foundation and Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2005-005-J09701] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Part of this work was carried out using the facilities at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, which is supported at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory by the Department of Energy under the same contract number. D.K.K. would like to thank the SBS Foundation and Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2005-005-J09701) for supporting his sabbatical leave in Berkeley where the study was performed. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2935 EP 2939 DI 10.1021/nl8017884 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200058 PM 18702553 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Donadio, D Schwegler, E Galli, G AF Sharma, Manu Donadio, Davide Schwegler, Eric Galli, Giulia TI Probing properties of water under confinement: Infrared spectra SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; 1ST PRINCIPLES SIMULATIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WANNIER FUNCTIONS; HYDRATION; ACCURACY; QUANTUM; GAS AB We have computed infrared (IR) spectra of water confined between nonpolar surfaces by using ab initio calculations. We show that electronic charge fluctuations at the interface, occurring even in the case of highly hydrophobic substrates, are responsible for specific features present in IR signals and for important differences between IR spectra and vibrational density of states. We also find that most of the frequency shifts observed under confinement originate from the modified hydrogen bonded network in close proximity to the interface. C1 [Sharma, Manu; Donadio, Davide; Galli, Giulia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schwegler, Eric] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Donadio, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Donadio, Davide/C-6971-2008; Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Donadio, Davide/0000-0002-2150-4182; Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 FU Scidac [DE-FG02-06ER46262]; University of California/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We thank G. Cicero for many useful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from Scidac Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER46262 and computer time provided at ANL under INCITE project. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at the University of California/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2959 EP 2962 DI 10.1021/nl8018643 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200063 PM 18680386 ER PT J AU Raorane, DA Lim, MD Chen, FF Craik, CS Majumdar, A AF Raorane, Digvijay A. Lim, Mark D. Chen, Fanqing Frank Craik, Charles S. Majumdar, Arun TI Quantitative and label-free technique for measuring protease activity and inhibition using a microfluidic cantilever array SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; RESONANT MIRROR BIOSENSOR; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROARRAYS; DNA; ANTIBODY; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAYS AB We report the use of a SiNx based gold coated microcantilever array to quantitatively measure the activity and inhibition of a model protease immobilized on its surface. Trypsin was covalently bound to the gold surface of the microcantilever using a synthetic spacer, and the remaining exposed silicon nitride surface was passivated with silanated polyethylene glycol. The nanoscale cantilever motions induced by trypsin during substrate turnover were quantitatively measured using an optical laser-deflection technique. These microcantilever deflections directly correlated with the degree of protease turnover of excess synthetic fibronectin substrate (K-M = 0.58 x 10(-6) M). Inhibition of surface-immobilized trypsin by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) was also observed using this system. C1 [Raorane, Digvijay A.; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lim, Mark D.; Craik, Charles S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Chen, Fanqing Frank] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu FU Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS) at University of California, Berkeley; Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [0425914]; U.S. National Institute of Health [GM56531]; National Cancer Institute [F32 CA 123649-01] FX D.R. and A.M. would like to thank the Microfabrication Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, for providing fabrication facilities. This work was partly supported by Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS) at University of California, Berkeley, Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation (Grant 0425914). We would also like to thank the U.S. National Institute of Health Grant GM56531 (to C.S.C.) and a National Cancer Institute fellowship F32 CA 123649-01 (to M.D.L.). NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2968 EP 2974 DI 10.1021/nl8019455 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200065 PM 18720973 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Srituravanich, W Sun, C Zhang, X AF Wang, Yuan Srituravanich, Werayut Sun, Cheng Zhang, Xiang TI Plasmonic nearfield scanning probe with high transmission SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPE; NEAR-FIELD; SURFACE-PLASMONS; INTERFERENCE NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SUBWAVELENGTH APERTURE; ENHANCED TRANSMISSION; NANOPARTICLE CHAINS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; HOLE ARRAYS; OPTIMIZATION AB Nearfield scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) offers a practical means of optical imaging, optical sensing, and nanolithography at a resolution below the diffraction limit of the light. However, its applications are limited due to the strong attenuation of the light transmitted through the subwavelength aperture. To solve this problem, we report the development of plasmonic nearfield scanning optical microscope with an efficient nearfield focusing. By exciting surface plasmons, plasmonic NSOM probes are capable of confining light into a 100 nm spot. We show by nearfield lithography experiments that the intensity at the near field is at least one order stronger than the intensity obtained from the conventional NSOM probes under the same illumination condition. Such a high efficiency can enable plasmonic NSOM as a practical tool for nearfield lithography, data storage, cellular visualization, and many other applications requiring efficient transmission with high resolution. C1 [Wang, Yuan; Srituravanich, Werayut; Sun, Cheng; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Sci Fdn, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Sci Fdn, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, 5130 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Srituravanich, Werayut/A-5167-2009; Sun, Cheng/B-7609-2009; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011; Wang, Yuan/F-7211-2011; Sun, Cheng/A-8111-2010 OI Sun, Cheng/0000-0002-2744-0896 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Program [FA9550-04-1-0434]; NSF NSEC [DMI-0327077, 0404458] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Program (grant no. FA9550-04-1-0434) and NSF NSEC under award no. DMI-0327077 and award no. 0404458. NR 40 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3041 EP 3045 DI 10.1021/nl8023824 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200077 PM 18720976 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Tao, J Lu, XM Zhu, YM Xia, YN AF Li, Zhengquan Tao, Jing Lu, Xianmao Zhu, Yimei Xia, Younan TI Facile synthesis of ultrathin Au nanorods by aging the AuCl(oleylamine) complex with amorphous Fe nanoparticles in chloroform SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; GOLD NANORODS; POLYOL SYNTHESIS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; NANOWIRES; SIZE; CONDUCTANCE; STABILITY; SHAPE AB Despite plenty of reports on the preparation of Au nanorods, it remains challenging to grow uniform Au nanorods with diameters below 5 nm. In this communication, we demonstrate the facile synthesis of ultrathin Au nanorods with a uniform diameter of 2 nm and an average aspect ratio of 30. The synthesis involves the room-temperature aging of a mixture of the [AuCl(oleylamine)] complex with amorphous Fe nanoparticles in chloroform. Analysis of the growth mechanism indicates that Au nanoparticles with a high density of defects were formed at early stages, followed by etching and redeposition process that gradually led to the growth of ultrathin Au nanorods along the < 111 > direction. This growth mechanism is different from the mechanism recently reported for ultrathin Au nanowires (ref 26), where the [AuCl(oleylamine)] complex is assembled into polymer chains followed by reduction to form wires, although the template effect of oleylamine for the formation of ultrathin Au nanorods cannot be completely ruled out. C1 [Li, Zhengquan; Lu, Xianmao; Xia, Younan] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Tao, Jing; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM xia@biomed.wustl.edu RI Li, Z.Q./E-6381-2014; Lu, Xianmao/E-4622-2010; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011; Li, Zhengquan/A-5212-2015 OI Lu, Xianmao/0000-0002-7422-2867; Li, Zhengquan/0000-0002-0084-5113 FU NSF [DMR 0451788, 0804088] FX This work was supported in part by two research grants from the NSF (DMR, 0451788 and 0804088) NR 28 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 3052 EP 3055 DI 10.1021/nl8017127 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200079 PM 18681484 ER PT J AU Peng, S Lee, YM Wang, C Yin, HF Dai, S Sun, SH AF Peng, Sheng Lee, Youngmin Wang, Chao Yin, Hongfeng Dai, Sheng Sun, Shouheng TI A Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse Au Nanoparticles and Their Catalysis of CO Oxidation SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle synthesis; Au nanoparticles; catalysis; CO oxidation AB Monodisperse Au nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized at room temperature via a burst nucleation of Au upon injection of the reducing agent t-butylamine-borane complex into a 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene solution of HAuCl(4)center dot 3H(2)O in the presence of oleylamine. The as-synthesized Au NPs show size-dependent surface plasmonic properties between 520 and 530 nm. They adopt an icosahedral shape and are polycrystalline with multiple-twinned structures. When deposited on a graphitized porous carbon support, the NPs are highly active for CO oxidation, showing 100% CO conversion at -45 degrees C. C1 [Peng, Sheng; Lee, Youngmin; Wang, Chao; Sun, Shouheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Yin, Hongfeng; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, SH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM ssun@brown.edu RI Peng, Sheng/E-7988-2010; Wang, Chao/F-4558-2012; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Wang, Chao/0000-0001-7398-2090; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU NSF/DMR [0606264]; GAANN fellowship FX The work was supported by NSF/DMR 0606264 and a GAANN fellowship (Y. Lee). The authors thank Anthony W. McCormick for his help in acquiring HRTEM images of the Au NPs. NR 28 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 16 U2 180 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s12274-008-8026-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA V10MD UT WOS:000207467200006 ER PT J AU Paunesku, T Ke, T Dharmakumar, R Mascheri, N Wu, AG Lai, B Vogt, S Maser, J Thurn, K Szolc-Kowalska, B Larson, A Bergan, RC Omary, R Li, DB Lu, ZR Woloschak, GE AF Paunesku, Tatjana Ke, Tianyi Dharmakumar, Rohan Mascheri, Nicole Wu, Aiguo Lai, Barry Vogt, Stefan Maser, Joerg Thurn, Kenneth Szolc-Kowalska, Barbara Larson, Andrew Bergan, Raymond C. Omary, Reed Li, Debiao Lu, Zheng-Rong Woloschak, Gayle E. TI Gadolinium-conjugated TiO2-DNA oligonucleotide nanoconjugates show prolonged intracellular retention period and T1-weighted contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance images SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Nanoconjugates; Magnetic resonance imaging; Subcellular targeting ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; TUMOR-BEARING MICE; IN-VIVO; NANOPARTICLES; AGENT; BIODISTRIBUTION; NANOCOMPOSITES; ANGIOGENESIS; BIOLOGY AB Nanoconjugates composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, DNA oligonucleotides, and a gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent were synthesized for use in magnetic resonance imaging. Transfection of cultured cancer cells with these nanoconjugates showed them to be superior to the free contrast agent of the same formulation with regard to intracellular accumulation, retention, and subcellular localization. Our results have shown that 48 hours after treatment, the concentration of Gd in nanoconjugate-treated cells was 1000-fold higher than in cells treated with contrast agent alone. Consequently, T1-weighted contrast enhancements were observed in cells treated with nanoconjugates but not in cells treated by the contrast agent alone. This type of nanoconjugate with increased retention time, Gd accumulation, and intracellular delivery may find its use in Gd neutron-capture cancer therapy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Paunesku, Tatjana; Wu, Aiguo; Thurn, Kenneth; Szolc-Kowalska, Barbara; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Paunesku, Tatjana; Bergan, Raymond C.; Omary, Reed; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Robert H Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Paunesku, Tatjana; Dharmakumar, Rohan; Mascheri, Nicole; Larson, Andrew; Omary, Reed; Li, Debiao; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Ke, Tianyi; Lu, Zheng-Rong] Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lai, Barry; Vogt, Stefan; Maser, Joerg] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bergan, Raymond C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM g-woloschak@northwestern.edu RI Wu, Aiguo/A-5414-2008; Li, Debiao/B-7622-2009; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Wu, Aiguo/C-1837-2015; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Wu, Aiguo/0000-0001-7200-8923; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 FU National Institutes of Health [CA107467, EB002100, P50 CA89018, U54CA119341]; Department of Energy (DOE) [FG02-04 ER 63920]; Siemens Medical Solutions; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported in part by the following National Institutes of Health grants: CA107467, EB002100, P50 CA89018, U54CA119341; by Department of Energy (DOE) grant FG02-04 ER 63920; and by Siemens Medical Solutions. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2008.04.004 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 397ND UT WOS:000262668500003 PM 18567541 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnaya, MG Lapidus, A Ivanova, N Copeland, AC McHardy, AC Szeto, E Salamov, A Grigoriev, IV Suciu, D Levine, SR Markowitz, VM Rigoutsos, I Tringe, SG Bruce, DC Richardson, PM Lidstrom, ME Chistoserdova, L AF Kalyuzhnaya, Marina G. Lapidus, Alla Ivanova, Natalia Copeland, Alex C. McHardy, Alice C. Szeto, Ernest Salamov, Asaf Grigoriev, Igor V. Suciu, Dominic Levine, Samuel R. Markowitz, Victor M. Rigoutsos, Isidore Tringe, Susannah G. Bruce, David C. Richardson, Paul M. Lidstrom, Mary E. Chistoserdova, Ludmila TI High-resolution metagenomics targets specific functional types in complex microbial communities SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER LAKE; METHANE OXIDATION; SP-NOV.; BACTERIUM; VERRUCOMICROBIA; METABOLISM; GENOME; POPULATIONS; WASHINGTON; SEDIMENT AB Most microbes in the biosphere remain unculturable(1). Whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing of environmental DNA (metagenomics) can be used to study the genetic and metabolic properties of natural microbial communities(2-4). However, in communities of high complexity, metagenomics fails to link specific microbes to specific ecological functions. To overcome this limitation, we developed a method to target microbial subpopulations by labeling DNA through stable isotope probing ( SIP), followed by WGS sequencing. Metagenome analysis of microbes from Lake Washington in Seattle that oxidize single-carbon (C(1)) compounds shows specific sequence enrichments in response to different C(1) substrates, revealing the ecological roles of individual phylotypes. We also demonstrate the utility of our approach by extracting a nearly complete genome of a novel methylotroph, Methylotenera mobilis, reconstructing its metabolism and conducting genome-wide analyses. This high-resolution, targeted metagenomics approach may be applicable to a wide variety of ecosystems. C1 [Levine, Samuel R.; Lidstrom, Mary E.; Chistoserdova, Ludmila] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Kalyuzhnaya, Marina G.; Lidstrom, Mary E.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lapidus, Alla; Ivanova, Natalia; Copeland, Alex C.; Salamov, Asaf; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Tringe, Susannah G.; Richardson, Paul M.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Prod Genom Facil, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [McHardy, Alice C.; Rigoutsos, Isidore] IBM Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Bioinformat & Pattern Discovery Grp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Szeto, Ernest; Markowitz, Victor M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biol Data Management & Technol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suciu, Dominic] Combimatrix Corp, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Bruce, David C.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chistoserdova, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Benjamin Hall IRB,616 NE Northlake Pl, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM milachis@u.washington.edu RI Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427; Kalyuzhnaya, Marina/0000-0002-9058-7794; Rigoutsos, Isidore/0000-0003-1529-8631 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0604269]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation as part of the Microbial Observatories program (MCB-0604269). This work was performed, in part, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. W-7405-Eng-48, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06NA25396. The sequencing for the project was provided through the US Department of Energy Community Sequencing Program (http://www.jgi.doe.gov/CSP/index.html). NR 30 TC 145 Z9 154 U1 12 U2 81 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1038/nbt.1488 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 346NG UT WOS:000259074700026 PM 18711340 ER PT J AU Keasling, J AF Keasling, Jay TI From yeast to alkaloids SO NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT News Item AB Alkaloids, which include caffeine and morphine, are a large class of pharmacologically active plant compounds that are often difficult to chemically synthesize. Incorporation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathways in yeast will facilitate the production of natural and non-natural alkaloids. C1 [Keasling, Jay] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Keasling, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1552-4450 J9 NAT CHEM BIOL JI Nat. Chem. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 9 BP 524 EP 525 DI 10.1038/nchembio0908-524 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 339SN UT WOS:000258597700006 PM 18711377 ER PT J AU Hill, DJ AF Hill, David J. TI Nuclear energy for the future SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Nuclear energy offers a low-carbon footprint and less dependence on fossil fuel, but several materials challenges must be met to advance nuclear technology. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hill, DJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM David.Hill@inl.gov NR 0 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 7 IS 9 BP 680 EP 682 DI 10.1038/nmat2247 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 340HF UT WOS:000258636000002 PM 18719697 ER PT J AU Butland, G Babu, M Diaz-Mejia, JJ Bohdana, F Phanse, S Gold, B Yang, WH Li, J Gagarinova, AG Pogoutse, O Mori, H Wanner, BL Lo, H Wasniewski, J Christopoulos, C Ali, M Venn, P Safavi-Naini, A Sourour, N Caron, S Choi, JY Laigle, L Nazarians-Armavil, A Deshpande, A Joe, S Datsenko, KA Yamamoto, N Andrews, BJ Boone, C Ding, HM Sheikh, B Moreno-Hagelsieb, G Greenblatt, JF Emili, A AF Butland, Gareth Babu, Mohan Diaz-Mejia, J. Javier Bohdana, Fedyshyn Phanse, Sadhna Gold, Barbara Yang, Wenhong Li, Joyce Gagarinova, Alla G. Pogoutse, Oxana Mori, Hirotada Wanner, Barry L. Lo, Henry Wasniewski, Jas Christopoulos, Constantine Ali, Mehrab Venn, Pascal Safavi-Naini, Anahita Sourour, Natalie Caron, Simone Choi, Ja-Yeon Laigle, Ludovic Nazarians-Armavil, Anaies Deshpande, Avnish Joe, Sarah Datsenko, Kirill A. Yamamoto, Natsuko Andrews, Brenda J. Boone, Charles Ding, Huiming Sheikh, Bilal Moreno-Hagelsieb, Gabriel Greenblatt, Jack F. Emili, Andrew TI eSGA: E. coli synthetic genetic array analysis SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; INTERACTION NETWORK; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; YEAST; SYSTEM; OPERON; REQUIREMENT; BIOGENESIS AB Physical and functional interactions define the molecular organization of the cell. Genetic interactions, or epistasis, tend to occur between gene products involved in parallel pathways or interlinked biological processes. High-throughput experimental systems to examine genetic interactions on a genome-wide scale have been devised for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, but have not been reported previously for prokaryotes. Here we describe the development of a quantitative screening procedure for monitoring bacterial genetic interactions based on conjugation of Escherichia coli deletion or hypomorphic strains to create double mutants on a genome-wide scale. The patterns of synthetic sickness and synthetic lethality (aggravating genetic interactions) we observed for certain double mutant combinations provided information about functional relationships and redundancy between pathways and enabled us to group bacterial gene products into functional modules. C1 [Butland, Gareth; Babu, Mohan; Diaz-Mejia, J. Javier; Bohdana, Fedyshyn; Phanse, Sadhna; Li, Joyce; Pogoutse, Oxana; Lo, Henry; Wasniewski, Jas; Christopoulos, Constantine; Venn, Pascal; Safavi-Naini, Anahita; Sourour, Natalie; Caron, Simone; Choi, Ja-Yeon; Laigle, Ludovic; Nazarians-Armavil, Anaies; Deshpande, Avnish; Joe, Sarah; Andrews, Brenda J.; Boone, Charles; Ding, Huiming; Sheikh, Bilal; Greenblatt, Jack F.; Emili, Andrew] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Terrence Donnelly Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada. [Butland, Gareth; Gold, Barbara; Yang, Wenhong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Diaz-Mejia, J. Javier; Moreno-Hagelsieb, Gabriel] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Gagarinova, Alla G.; Ali, Mehrab; Andrews, Brenda J.; Greenblatt, Jack F.; Emili, Andrew] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Mori, Hirotada; Wanner, Barry L.; Yamamoto, Natsuko; Boone, Charles] Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Biol Sci, Nara 6300101, Japan. [Datsenko, Kirill A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Greenblatt, JF (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Terrence Donnelly Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, 160 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada. EM jack.greenblatt@utoronto.ca; andrew.emili@utoronto.ca RI Mori, Hirotada/B-4934-2011 FU Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) [82852]; US National Institutes of Health [GM62662]; Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Japan Science and Technology; CIHR [GSP-41567]; Mexican Science and Technology Research Council; Laboratory Directed Research and Development FX We thank M. Costanzo for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) grant (82852) to J.F.G. and A. E., by a US National Institutes of Health grant to B. L. W. (GM62662), by Grant-in-id for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, and Japan Science and Technology grants to H. M., by a CIHR grant (GSP-41567) to B.J.A. and C.B., by a partial postdoctoral fellowship from the Mexican Science and Technology Research Council to J.J.D.-M., and by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant to G. B. The phage-lambda Red system was kindly provided by D.L. Court (National Cancer Institute). NR 30 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 9 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.1038/NMETH.1239 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 344FQ UT WOS:000258912700012 PM 18677321 ER PT J AU Jensen, K Kim, K Zettl, A AF Jensen, K. Kim, Kwanpyo Zettl, A. TI An atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; RESONATORS; DESORPTION; QUANTUM AB Mechanical resonators are widely used as inertial balances to detect small quantities of adsorbed mass through shifts in oscillation frequency(1). Advances in lithography and materials synthesis have enabled the fabrication of nanoscale mechanical resonators(2-6), which have been operated as precision force(7), position(8,9) and mass sensors(10-15). Here we demonstrate a room-temperature, carbon-nanotube-based nanomechanical resonator with atomic mass resolution. This device is essentially a mass spectrometer with a mass sensitivity of 1.3 x 10(-25) kg Hz(-1/ 2) or, equivalently, 0.40 gold atoms Hz(-1/2). Using this extreme mass sensitivity, we observe atomic mass shot noise, which is analogous to the electronic shot noise(16,17) measured in many semiconductor experiments. Unlike traditional mass spectrometers, nanomechanical mass spectrometers do not require the potentially destructive ionization of the test sample, are more sensitive to large molecules, and could eventually be incorporated on a chip. C1 [Jensen, K.; Kim, Kwanpyo; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jensen, K.; Kim, Kwanpyo; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jensen, K.; Kim, Kwanpyo; Zettl, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jensen, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM argon@berkeley.edu RI Kim, Kwanpyo/D-9121-2011; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Kim, Kwanpyo/0000-0001-8497-2330; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU Director, Office of Energy Research; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation; Centre of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems [EEC-0425914]; Samsung Graduate Fellowship FX We thank B. Aleman for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, which provided nanotube synthesis, detailed TEM characterization and UHV testing of the nanomechanical mass spectrometer. It was also supported by the National Science Foundation within the Centre of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, under grant EEC-0425914, which provided for design and assembly of the spectrometer. K. K acknowledges support from a Samsung Graduate Fellowship. NR 30 TC 581 Z9 592 U1 13 U2 115 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 3 IS 9 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1038/nnano.2008.200 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 345RD UT WOS:000259013100009 PM 18772913 ER PT J AU Marchesini, S Boutet, S Sakdinawat, AE Bogan, MJ Bajt, S Barty, A Chapman, HN Frank, M Hau-Riege, SP Szoke, A Cui, CW Shapiro, DA Howells, MR Spence, JCH Shaevitz, JW Lee, JY Hajdu, J Seibert, MM AF Marchesini, Stefano Boutet, Sebastien Sakdinawat, Anne E. Bogan, Michael J. Bajt, Sasa Barty, Anton Chapman, Henry N. Frank, Matthias Hau-Riege, Stefan P. Szoeke, Abraham Cui, Congwu Shapiro, David A. Howells, Malcolm R. Spence, John C. H. Shaevitz, Joshua W. Lee, Joanna Y. Hajdu, Janos Seibert, Marvin M. TI Massively parallel X-ray holography SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; TRANSFORM; COHERENT AB Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of nanoscale imaging on the timescale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier-transform holography(1,2,3) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array(4) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray Fourier transform holography by more than three orders of magnitude, approaching that of a perfect lens, and provides holographic images with both amplitude-and phase-contrast information. The experiments reported here demonstrate this concept by imaging a nano-fabricated object at a synchrotron source, and a bacterial cell with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser, where illumination by a single 15-fs pulse was successfully used in producing the holographic image. As X-ray lasers move to shorter wavelengths we expect to obtain higher spatial resolution ultrafast movies of transient states of matter. C1 [Marchesini, Stefano; Bogan, Michael J.; Barty, Anton; Chapman, Henry N.; Frank, Matthias; Hau-Riege, Stefan P.; Szoeke, Abraham] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Marchesini, Stefano; Cui, Congwu; Shapiro, David A.; Howells, Malcolm R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boutet, Sebastien; Hajdu, Janos] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boutet, Sebastien; Hajdu, Janos; Seibert, Marvin M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Lab Mol Biophys, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Sakdinawat, Anne E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Spence, John C. H.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Shaevitz, Joshua W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Carl Icahn Lab 150, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shaevitz, Joshua W.] Lewis Sigler Inst, Carl Icahn Lab 150, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lee, Joanna Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chapman, Henry N.] DESY, Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Marchesini, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smarchesini@lbl.gov RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Bogan, Mike/I-6962-2012; Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Bogan, Mike/0000-0001-9318-3333; Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727; FU Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Advanced Light Source; National Centre for Electron Microscopy; Centre for X-ray Optics at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre [DE-AC02-76-SF00515]; European Union (TUIXS); Swedish Research Councils; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-Cluster; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Sven and Lilly Lawskis Foundation of Sweden FX We are grateful to L. Fabris for discussions, the staff of FLASH and ALS for help, and to D. A. Fletcher for Spiroplasma samples. This work was supported by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Department of Energy contracts W-7405-Eng-48 and DE-AC52-07NA27344; the Advanced Light Source; the National Centre for Electron Microscopy; the Centre for X-ray Optics at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231; the Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre under Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76-SF00515; the European Union (TUIXS); The Swedish Research Councils, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-Cluster of Excellence through the Munich-Centre for Advanced Photonics; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to M. B.; and the Sven and Lilly Lawskis Foundation of Sweden to M. M. S. NR 30 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 5 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 9 BP 560 EP 563 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2008.154 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 348TF UT WOS:000259232300018 ER PT J AU Yeates, TO Kerfeld, CA Heinhorst, S Cannon, GC Shively, JM AF Yeates, Todd O. Kerfeld, Cheryl A. Heinhorst, Sabine Cannon, Gordon C. Shively, Jessup M. TI Protein-based organelles in bacteria: carboxysomes and related microcompartments SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCOCCUS PCC7942; CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISM; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM LT2; COENZYME B-12-DEPENDENT DEGRADATION; INORGANIC CARBON FLUXES; THIOBACILLUS-NEAPOLITANUS; HALOTHIOBACILLUS-NEAPOLITANUS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; INCLUSIONS CARBOXYSOMES; CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE AB Many bacteria contain intracellular microcompartments with outer shells that are composed of thousands of protein subunits and interiors that are filled with functionally related enzymes. These microcompartments serve as organelles by sequestering specific metabolic pathways in bacterial cells. The carboxysome, a prototypical bacterial microcompartment that is found in cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, encapsulates ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and carbonic anhydrase, and thereby enhances carbon fixation by elevating the levels of CO(2) in the vicinity of RuBisCO. Evolutionarily related, but functionally distinct, microcompartments are present in diverse bacteria. Although bacterial microcompartments were first observed more than 40 years ago, a detailed understanding of how they function is only now beginning to emerge. C1 [Yeates, Todd O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yeates, Todd O.] UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Heinhorst, Sabine; Cannon, Gordon C.; Shively, Jessup M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Shively, Jessup M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Yeates, TO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yeates@mbi.ucla.edu OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 NR 69 TC 197 Z9 201 U1 9 U2 69 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 6 IS 9 BP 681 EP 691 DI 10.1038/nrmicro1913 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 337CM UT WOS:000258413100013 PM 18679172 ER PT J AU Berndsen, CE Tsubota, T Lindner, SE Lee, S Holton, JM Kaufman, PD Keck, JL Denu, JM AF Berndsen, Christopher E. Tsubota, Toshiaki Lindner, Scott E. Lee, Susan Holton, James M. Kaufman, Paul D. Keck, James L. Denu, John M. TI Molecular functions of the histone acetyltransferase chaperone complex Rtt109-Vps75 SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN-1; H3 LYSINE-56 ACETYLATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; H3K56 ACETYLATION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; DNA-REPLICATION; H2A-H2B DIMERS; S-PHASE; CHROMATIN; ASF1 AB Histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling regulate DNA damage repair, replication and transcription. Rtt109, a recently discovered histone acetyltransferase (HAT) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, functions with the histone chaperone Asf1 to acetylate lysine K56 on histone H3 (H3K56), a modification associated with newly synthesized histones. In vitro analysis of Rtt109 revealed that Vps75, a Nap1 family histone chaperone, could also stimulate Rtt109-dependent acetylation of H3K56. However, the molecular function of the Rtt109-Vps75 complex remains elusive. Here we have probed the molecular functions of Vps75 and the Rtt109-Vps75 complex through biochemical, structural and genetic means. We find that Vps75 stimulates the k(cat) of histone acetylation by similar to 100-fold relative to Rtt109 alone and enhances acetylation of K9 in the H3 histone tail. Consistent with the in vitro evidence, cells lacking Vps75 showed a substantial reduction (60%) in H3K9 acetylation during S phase. X-ray structural, biochemical and genetic analyses of Vps75 indicate a unique, structurally dynamic Nap1-like fold that suggests a potential mechanism of Vps75-dependent activation of Rtt109. Together, these data provide evidence for a multifunctional HAT-chaperone complex that acetylates histone H3 and deposits H3-H4 onto DNA, linking histone modification and nucleosome assembly. C1 [Berndsen, Christopher E.; Lindner, Scott E.; Lee, Susan; Keck, James L.; Denu, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Biomol Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tsubota, Toshiaki; Kaufman, Paul D.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Tsubota, Toshiaki; Kaufman, Paul D.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Express & Mol Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Holton, James M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Denu, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Biomol Chem, 1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Paul.Kaufman1@umassmed.edu; jlkeck@wisc.edu; jmdenu@wisc.edu OI Kaufman, Paul/0000-0003-3089-313X; Lindner, Scott/0000-0003-1799-3726; Berndsen, Christopher/0000-0002-4285-4341 FU American Heart Association; US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM059785]; Greater Milwaukee Foundation; NIH [GM055712] FX We wish to thank S. Anderson at the Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team (LS-CAT) for assistance in data collection on the native Vps75. We also thank K. Satyshur for assistance in crystal screening, and we thank M. Foley and K. Crowley for assistance with the AUC experiment. Finally, we thank members of the Denu and Keck laboratories for helpful comments and critique of the work, especially K. Arnold, B. Smith, L. Li and M. Killoran. This work was supported in part by a predoctoral fellowship from the American Heart Association to C.E.B., US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant GM059785 to J.M.D., a Shaw award from the Greater Milwaukee Foundation to J.L.K. and NIH grant GM055712 to P. D. K. NR 55 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9993 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 9 BP 948 EP 956 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1459 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 344LL UT WOS:000258928400014 PM 19172748 ER PT J AU Baglin, CM AF Baglin, Coral M. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=169 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; INTERNAL-CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS; GAMMA-RAY INTENSITIES; RARE-EARTH REGION; HIGH-SPIN STATES; ODD-ODD LU-168; BEAM LASER SPECTROSCOPY; LYING ISOMERIC STATES; ION INDUCED REACTIONS AB Experimental data pertaining to all nuclei with mass number A=169 (Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt) have been evaluated. Level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented, along with associated tables of experimental data and adopted properties for levels and gamma rays. These include data from several recent high-precision measurements of intensities for gamma rays emitted in Yb-169 epsilon decay; these are of special interest because of their use as calibration standards. Excited-state information is newly available for Re, Os, Ir and Pt, and heavy-ion reaction studies have significantly expanded our knowledge of excited states in Lu through Ta. More extensive work on epsilon decay from W is needed and new experimental work will be required to resolve a discrepancy between the J pi values deduced for a 180-keV level in Ta-169 based on extensive band structure from (HI,xn gamma) work (J pi=1/2-) and TDPAD measurements (J=5/2). The present evaluation for A=169, which considers data received by 15 June 2008, supersedes the 1991 evaluation (with a literature cutoff date of March 1990) by V. Shirley, published in Nuclear Data Sheets 64, 505 (1991). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baglin, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC03-76SF00098 and DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 472 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD SEP PY 2008 VL 109 IS 9 BP 2033 EP 2256 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.08.001 PG 224 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 349NQ UT WOS:000259288000001 ER PT J AU Guillen, DP Yoder, TS AF Guillen, Donna Post Yoder, Timothy S. TI Thermal hydraulic effect of fuel plate surface roughness SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB This study presents surface roughness measurements characteristic of the pre-film layer applied to a typical Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) fuel plate. This data is used to estimate the friction factor for thermal hydraulic flow calculations of a Gas Test Loop (GTL) system proposed for incorporation into ATR to provide a fast neutron flux environment for the testing of nuclear fuels and materials. To attain the required neutron flux, the design includes booster fuel plates clad with the same aluminum alloy as the ATR driver fuel and cooled with water supplied by the ATR primary coolant pumps. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the surface roughness of the protective boehmite layer applied to the ATR driver fuel prior to reactor operations in order to specify the machining tolerances for the surface finish on simulated booster fuel plates in a GTL hydraulic flow test model and (2) assess the consequent thermal hydraulic impact due to surface roughness on the coolability of the booster fuel with a similar pre-film layer applied. While the maximum roughness of this coating is specified to be 1.6 mu m (63 mu in.), no precise data on the actual roughness were available. A representative sample coupon autoclaved with the ATR driver fuel to produce the pre-film coating was analyzed using optical profilometry. Measurements yielded a mean surface roughness of 0.53 mu m (21 mu m.). Results from a sensitivity study show that a +/- 15% deviation from the mean measured surface finish would have a minimal effect on coolant temperature, coolant flow rate, and fuel temperature. However, frictional losses from roughnesses greater than 1.5 mu m (similar to 60 mu in.) produce a marked decrease in flow rate, causing fuel and coolant temperatures to rise sharply. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guillen, Donna Post; Yoder, Timothy S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Guillen, DP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Donna.Guillen@inl.gov RI Guillen, Donna/B-9681-2017 OI Guillen, Donna/0000-0002-7718-4608 FU US Department of Energy (DOE); DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported through funding provided by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to the Idaho National Laboratory, operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the US Government. Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the US Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 238 IS 9 BP 2480 EP 2483 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.03.014 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 352ZH UT WOS:000259535400038 ER PT J AU Sha, WT Chao, BT AF Sha, W. T. Chao, B. T. TI Novel porous media formulation for multiphase flow conservation equations (vol 237, pg 918, 2007) SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Correction C1 [Sha, W. T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Multiphase Flow Res Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chao, B. T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sha, WT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Multiphase Flow Res Inst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jsha893@aol.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 238 IS 9 BP 2494 EP 2494 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.02.001 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 352ZH UT WOS:000259535400040 ER PT J AU Van Zeeland, MA Yu, JH Chu, MS Burrell, KH La Haye, RJ Luce, TC Nazikian, R Solomon, WM West, WP AF Van Zeeland, M. A. Yu, J. H. Chu, M. S. Burrell, K. H. La Haye, R. J. Luce, T. C. Nazikian, R. Solomon, W. M. West, W. P. TI Tearing mode structure in the DIII-D tokamak through spectrally filtered fast visible bremsstrahlung imaging SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Letter ID FLUCTUATIONS; STABILITY AB Time evolved measurements of the detailed 2D poloidal structure of rotating tearing modes in the DIII-D tokamak are obtained for the first time using spectrally filtered fast imaging of broadband visible bremsstrahlung emission (N(B)). Measurements are made along 256 x 256 different sightlines and show excellent agreement with simulations assuming a rotating helical m/n = 2/1 island structure superimposed on the equilibrium N(B) profile. The method described here is capable of imaging with high resolution the structure of coherent oscillations in the core of current and next-step fusion plasma experiments such as ITER and can be applied to virtually any mode with a finite perturbed N(B) and frequency in the laboratory frame provided sufficient signal level and detector bandwidth are available. C1 [Van Zeeland, M. A.; Chu, M. S.; Burrell, K. H.; La Haye, R. J.; Luce, T. C.; West, W. P.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Yu, J. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nazikian, R.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Van Zeeland, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM vanzeeland@fusion.gat.com OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 9 AR 092002 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/48/9/092002 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 346DV UT WOS:000259049500002 ER PT J AU Jing, CG Kanareykin, A Kazakov, S Liu, WM Nenasheva, E Schoessow, P Gai, W AF Jing, Chunguang Kanareykin, Alexei Kazakov, Sergey Liu, Wanming Nenasheva, Elizaveta Schoessow, Paul Gai, Wei TI Development of a dual-layered dielectric-loaded accelerating structure SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE multilayered dielectric-loaded accelerator; Bragg reflection; rf Power loss reduction ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; BEAM AB rf Power attenuation is a critical problem in the development of dielectric-loaded structures for particle acceleration. In a previous paper [C. Jing, W. Liu, W. Gai, J. Power, T. Wong, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 539 (2005) 445] we suggested the use of a Multilayer Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating Structure (lMDLA) as a possible approach for reducing the rf losses in a single layer device. The MDLA is based on the principle of Bragg reflection familiar from optics that is used to partially confine the fields inside the dielectric layers and reduce the wall current losses at the outer boundary. We report here on the design, construction and testing of a prototype X-band double-layer structure (2DLA). The measurements show an rf power attenuation for the 2DLA more than ten times smaller than that of a comparable single-layer structure, in good agreement with the analytic results. Testing and operation of MDLAs also requires efficient power coupling from test equipment or rf power systems to the device. We describe the design and construction of two novel structures: a TM03 mode launcher for cold testing and a power coupler for planned high-gradient experiments. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jing, Chunguang; Kanareykin, Alexei; Schoessow, Paul] Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Kazakov, Sergey] Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Jing, Chunguang; Liu, Wanming; Gai, Wei] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nenasheva, Elizaveta] Ceramics Ltd, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Jing, CG (reprint author), Euclid Techlabs LLC, 5900 Harper Rd, Solon, OH 44139 USA. EM jingchg@hep.anl.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 594 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.037 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 354OW UT WOS:000259649900004 ER PT J AU Garnsworthy, AB Lister, CJ Regan, PH Blank, BB Cullen, IJ Gros, S Henderson, DJ Jones, GA Liu, Z Seweryniak, D Shumard, BR Thompson, NJ Williams, SJ Zhu, S AF Garnsworthy, A. B. Lister, C. J. Regan, P. H. Blank, B. B. Cullen, I. J. Gros, S. Henderson, D. J. Jones, G. A. Liu, Z. Seweryniak, D. Shumard, B. R. Thompson, N. J. Williams, S. J. Zhu, S. TI Optimizing recoil-isomer tagging with the Argonne fragment mass analyzer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE recoil-isomer tagging; Rb-80; clover detectors; recoil separators ID NUCLEI; DECAY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SEPARATOR; BAND AB A new focal plane detector arrangement for the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA) has been built and tested at Argonne National Laboratory. This set-up is particularly sensitive for performing Recoil-Isomer Tagging on nuclei with isomeric states with lifetimes in the microsecond range. Recoiling nuclei from fusion-evaporation reactions at the target position are dispersed by their ratio of mass to charge (A/q) by the FMA and stopped in low pressure gas (air) at the focal plane. Subsequent gamma decays from isomeric states in the reaction products are observed using Ge detectors. A constant gas flow through the focal plane chamber efficiently removes longer-lived beta-decaying species from sight of the detectors. This set-up has been commissioned successfully with the microsecond isomer in Rb-80, populated via the Cr-52(S-32, 3pn) reaction at 135 MeV. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garnsworthy, A. B.; Regan, P. H.; Cullen, I. J.; Jones, G. A.; Liu, Z.; Thompson, N. J.; Williams, S. J.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Garnsworthy, A. B.] Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Lister, C. J.; Gros, S.; Henderson, D. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Shumard, B. R.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Blank, B. B.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Garnsworthy, AB (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM garns@triumf.ca FU EPSRC (UK); US DOE [DE-FG02-91ER-40609]; Nexia Solutions Limited FX This work was partially supported by the EPSRC (UK) and the US DOE by Grant DE-FG02-91ER-40609. A.B.G. and N.J.T. would also like to thank Nexia Solutions Limited, a subsidiary of BNFL, for financial support. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 594 IS 2 BP 184 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.016 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 354OW UT WOS:000259649900010 ER PT J AU Pan, Z James, K Cui, Y Burger, A Cherepy, N Payne, SA Mu, R Morgan, SH AF Pan, Z. James, K. Cui, Y. Burger, A. Cherepy, N. Payne, S. A. Mu, R. Morgan, S. H. TI Terbium-activated lithium-lanthanum-aluminosilicate oxyfluoride scintillating glass and glass-ceramic SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scintillating; terbium-activated; luminescence; glass; glass-ceramic ID FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; GERMANATE-OXYFLUORIDE; LAF3 NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; ER3+; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHATE; CE3+ AB Terbium-activated lithium-lanthanum-aluminosilicate oxyfluoricle scintillating glasses, 55SiO(2) 6Al(2)O(3) center dot 28Li(2)O center dot 11LaF(3) doped with different TbF3 concentrations, have been fabricated and investigated. By appropriate heat treatment of the as-prepared glasses above, transparent glass-ceramics were obtained. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, optical absorption, and luminescence under both UV and beta-particle excitation have been investigated on as-prepared glasses and glass-ceramics. It has been found that these terbium-activated lithium-lanthanum-aluminosilicate oxyfluoricle scintillating glasses exhibit good UV-excited luminescence and radioluminescence. The luminescence yield increases for glass-ceramics. The efficiency of beta-induced luminescence is comparable or nearly equal to that of the Schott IQI-301 product. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Z.; James, K.; Cui, Y.; Burger, A.; Mu, R.; Morgan, S. H.] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Cherepy, N.; Payne, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM zpan@fisk.edu RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X FU US National Science Foundation NSF-CREST-CA [HRD-0420516]; NSF-STC CUPS [0423914]; US Department of Defense (DOD)/ARO [W911NF-05-1-0453, W911NF-04-1-0400] FX This research is supported by the US National Science Foundation NSF-CREST-CA: HRD-0420516, NSF-STC CUPS-Grant no. 0423914, and US Department of Defense (DOD)/ARO contracts: W911NF-05-1-0453 and W911NF-04-1-0400. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 594 IS 2 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.041 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 354OW UT WOS:000259649900016 ER PT J AU Siciliano, ER Ely, JH Kouzes, RT Schweppe, JE Strachan, DM Yokuda, ST AF Siciliano, E. R. Ely, J. H. Kouzes, R. T. Schweppe, J. E. Strachan, D. M. Yokuda, S. T. TI Energy calibration of gamma spectra in plastic scintillators using Compton kinematics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray detection; portal monitor; radiation detection; homeland security; border security; detection of illicit materials; Monte Carlo modeling; detector calibration ID DETECTOR RESPONSE; NUCLEAR-MATERIALS; HPGE DETECTOR; MCNP-POLIMI; SAFEGUARDS; SIMULATION; NEUTRON; STATISTICS; ELECTRONS; PHOTONS AB This paper describes a simple and practicable method for assigning energy values to gamma-ray pulse-height distributions measured with polyvinyl toluene (PVT) based detectors. It is based upon the characteristic shape of simulated spectra in the region of maximum energy deposition resulting from a single Compton scattering. The validity of this method is demonstrated by applying it to a set of measured NaI(Tl) spectra, and comparing those results to the standard photopeak method of calibrating the same spectra. The method is then applied to a set of measured PVT spectra. It can now be applied to calibration of fielded PVT detectors using two selected gamma-ray sources, which was the initial motivation for this study. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Siciliano, E. R.; Ely, J. H.; Kouzes, R. T.; Schweppe, J. E.; Strachan, D. M.; Yokuda, S. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kouzes, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, MS K7-36,1005 Country Court,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.kouzes@pnl.gov FU United States Department of Homeland Security; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830, PNNL-SA-56684, PIET-43741-TM-681] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Homeland Security. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the United States Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. PNNL-SA-56684/PIET-43741-TM-681. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 594 IS 2 BP 232 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.031 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 354OW UT WOS:000259649900019 ER PT J AU Burr, T Butterfield, K AF Burr, T. Butterfield, K. TI Variance results for the second and third reduced sample moments in neutron multiplicity counting for randomly triggered or signal-triggered counting gates SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron multiplicity counting; reduced moments; variances; covariances ID RANDOM-VARIABLES; ASSAY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Neutron multiplicity counting is an established method to estimate the spontaneous fission rate, and therefore also the plutonium mass for example, in a sample that includes other neutron sources. The extent to which the sample and detector obey the "point model" assumptions impacts the estimate's total measurement error, but, in nearly all cases, for the random error contribution, it is useful to evaluate the variances of the second and third reduced sample moments of the neutron source strength. Therefore, this paper derives exact expressions for the variances and covariances of the second and third reduced sample moments for either randomly triggered or signal-triggered non-overlapping counting gates, and compares them to the corresponding variances in simulated data. Approximate expressions are also provided for the case of overlapping counting gates. These variances and covariances are useful in figure of merit calculations to predict assay performance prior to data collection. In addition, whenever real data are available, a bootstrap method is presented as an alternate but effective way to estimate these variances. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Burr, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Butterfield, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burr, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tburr@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 594 IS 2 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.010 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 354OW UT WOS:000259649900022 ER PT J AU Pu, J Yang, L Gao, F Heinisch, HL Kurtz, RJ Zu, XT AF Pu, J. Yang, L. Gao, F. Heinisch, H. L. Kurtz, R. J. Zu, X. T. TI Interaction of displacement cascade with helium bubbles in alpha-iron: Computer simulation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics; He bubble; Displacement cascade; Potential ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; FE; DISTRIBUTIONS; CLUSTERS; ALLOYS AB Molecular dynamics (MD) method has been performed to study the interaction of displacement cascade with He bubbles with two sets of potentials. The results show that the stability of He bubbles depends much on the initial He-vacancy (He/V) ratio and the recoil energy. For an initial He/V ratio of 3, the cascade leads to the increase in the number of vacancies in the He bubble and the decrease in the He/V ratio. For an initial He/V ratio of 0.5, the interaction of a cascade with the He/V bubble results in the decrease in the number of vacancies and the increase in the He/V ratio. For an initial He/V ratio of 1, the stability of the bubbles slightly depends oil the primary knock-on atom (PKA) energy. Furthermore, a large number of self-interstitial atom clusters are formed after cascade collision for the He/V ratio of 3, while large vacancy clusters are observed for the He/V ratio of 0.5. However, some differences of defect production and clustering between the two sets of potentials are observed, which may be associated the formation energies of He-V Clusters, the binding energies of vacancies and He atoms to the clusters and the probability of subcascade formation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pu, J.; Yang, L.; Zu, X. T.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Pu, J.] China W Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Informat, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.; Heinisch, H. L.; Kurtz, R. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 FU US Department of Energy/Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors (J. Pu, L. Yang, X.T. Zu) are grateful for the Program for Innovative Research Team in UESTC. The authors (F. Gao, H.L. Heinisch and R.J. Kurtz) are grateful for support by the US Department of Energy/Office of Fusion Energy Science under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2008 VL 266 IS 18 BP 3993 EP 3999 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.07.017 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 361WE UT WOS:000260157400015 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Zhang, Y AF Alton, G. D. Zhang, Y. TI An experimental apparatus proposed for efficient removal of isobaric contaminants in negative ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE Negative ion beams; Isobar contaminants; Isobar suppression; Laser photo-detachment; Radioactive ion beams; Accelerator mass spectrometry ID PHOTODETACHMENT; FACILITY; COOLER; OXYGEN AB Isobaric contaminants are often problematical in accelerated negative ion beams for research at certain radioactive ion beam (RIB) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities since their presence in low-intensity rare isotopic beams seriously compromise experimental results. This article describes a non-resonant. laser-based photo-detachment apparatus for Use at these facilities. which, according to calculations efficiently removes isobaric contaminants from these beams. The advantage of the system Cor isobaric contaminant removal over other systems proposed to date lies in its ability to efficiently capture easily transportable energetic negative ion beams with low. intermediate or high energy spreads by a superconducting Solenoid magnetic field. The ability to change the diameter of captured beams by adjusting the magnetic field strength permits optimum control of the radial overlap of the laser/negative ion beam profiles over an extended interaction region under high vacuum conditions without retarding optical affect. collision-cooling or capture losses. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Alton, G. D.; Zhang, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gda@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2008 VL 266 IS 18 BP 4020 EP 4026 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.04.024 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 361WE UT WOS:000260157400018 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Jechow, M Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cindolo, F Corradi, A Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Antonelli, S Basile, M Bindi, M Cifarelli, L Contin, A De Pasquale, S Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Paul, E Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, A Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Behrens, U Blohm, C Bonato, A Borras, K Ciesielski, R Coppola, N Drugakov, V Fang, S Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Huttmann, A Kahle, B Kasemann, M Katkov, II Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lim, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Montanari, A Namsoo, T Notz, D Parenti, A Rinaldi, L Roloff, P Rubinsky, I Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Molina, AGY Youngman, C Zeuner, W Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Forrest, M Rosin, M Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Papageorgiu, K Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Stadie, H Turcato, M Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Aushev, V Borodin, M Kozulia, A Lisovyi, M Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Schwartz, J Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Reisert, B Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Oliver, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bertolin, A Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Bellan, P Brugnera, R Carlin, R Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Smith, O Stern, A Kuze, M Maeda, J Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Stewart, TP Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Jechow, M. Pavel, N. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Bellagamba, L. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cindolo, F. Corradi, A. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Antonelli, S. Basile, M. Bindi, M. Cifarelli, L. Contin, A. De Pasquale, S. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Paul, E. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, A. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Behrens, U. Blohm, C. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Ciesielski, R. Coppola, N. Drugakov, V. Fang, S. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Goettlicher, P. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Huettmann, A. Kahle, B. Kasemann, M. Katkov, I. I. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lim, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Montanari, A. Namsoo, T. Notz, D. Parenti, A. Rinaldi, L. Roloff, P. Rubinsky, I. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Forrest, M. Rosin, M. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Papageorgiu, K. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Stadie, H. Turcato, M. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Aushev, V. Borodin, M. Kozulia, A. Lisovyi, M. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Schwartz, J. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Gladkov, D. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Golubkov, Yu. A. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Reisert, B. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Devenish, R. C. E. Ferrando, J. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Oliver, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bertolin, A. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Bellan, P. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Smith, O. Stern, A. Kuze, M. Maeda, J. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Costa, M. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Stewart, T. P. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Deep inelastic inclusive and diffractive scattering at Q(2) values from 25 to 320 GeV2 with the ZEUS forward plug calorimeter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; CROSS-SECTION; EXCLUSIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION; BARREL CALORIMETER; NUCLEON SCATTERING; LEADING PROTON; J/PSI MESONS; LOW X; HERA AB Deep inelastic scattering and its diffractive component, ep -> e' gamma* p -> e' X N, have been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 52.4 pb(-1). The M-X method has been used to extract the diffractive contribution. A wide range in the centre-of-mass energy W (37-245 GeV), photon virtuality Q(2) (20-450 GeV2) and mass M-X (0.28-35 GeV) is covered. The diffractive cross section for 2 < M-X < 15 GeV rises strongly with W, the rise becoming steeper as Q(2) increases. The data are also presented in terms of the diffractive structure function, F-2(D(3)), of the proton. For fixed Q(2) and fixed M-X, XPF2D(3) shows a strong rise as x(P) -> 0, where x(P) is the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the pomeron. For Bjorken-x < 1 x 10(-3), XPF2D(3) shows positive log Q(2) scaling violations, while for x >= 5 x 10(-3) negative scaling violations are observed. The diffractive structure function is compatible with being leading twist. The data show that Regge factorisation is broken. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Behrens, U.; Blohm, C.; Bonato, A.; Borras, K.; Ciesielski, R.; Coppola, N.; Drugakov, V.; Fang, S.; Fourletova, J.; Geiser, A.; Goettlicher, P.; Grebenyuk, J.; Gregor, I.; Haas, T.; Hain, W.; Huettmann, A.; Kahle, B.; Kasemann, M.; Katkov, I. I.; Klein, U.; Koetz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Lim, H.; Lobodzinska, E.; Loehr, B.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A.; Miglioranzi, S.; Montanari, A.; Namsoo, T.; Notz, D.; Parenti, A.; Rinaldi, L.; Roloff, P.; Rubinsky, I.; Santamarta, R.; Schneekloth, U.; Spiridonov, A.; Szuba, D.; Szuba, J.; Theedt, T.; Wolf, G.; Wrona, K.; Molina, A. G. Yaguees; Youngman, C.; Zeuner, W.] Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Nicholass, D.; Repond, J.; Yoshida, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mattingly, M. C. K.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Jechow, M.; Pavel, N.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. [Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Cindolo, F.; Corradi, A.; Iacobucci, G.; Margotti, A.; Nania, R.; Polini, A.; Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bartsch, D.; Brock, I.; Hartmann, H.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H. -P.; Juengst, M.; Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E.; Paul, E.; Renner, R.; Samson, U.; Schoenberg, V.; Shehzadi, R.; Wlasenko, A.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Brook, N. H.; Heath, G. P.; Morris, J. D.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] INFN, Cosenza, Italy. [Kim, J. Y.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Ibrahim, Z. A.; Kamaluddin, B.; Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan] Univ Malaya, Jubatan Fiz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Ning, Y.; Ren, Z.; Sciulli, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Eskreys, A.; Figiel, J.; Galas, A.; Gil, M.; Olkiewicz, K.; Stopa, P.; Zawiejski, L.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst, Krakow, Poland. [Adamczyk, L.; Bold, T.; Grabowska-Bold, I.; Kisielewska, D.; Lukasik, J.; Przybycien, M.; Suszycki, L.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. [Kotanski, A.; Slominski, W.] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Lohmann, W.; Schlenstedt, S.] Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. [Barbagli, G.; Gallo, E.; Pelfer, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Pelfer, P. G.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Bamberger, A.; Dobur, D.; Karstens, F.; Vlasov, N. N.] Univ Freiburg Breisgau, Fac Phys, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany. [Bussey, P. J.; Doyle, A. T.; Dunne, W.; Forrest, M.; Rosin, M.; Saxon, D. H.; Skillicorn, I. O.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Holm, U.; Klanner, R.; Lohrmann, E.; Schleper, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Sztuk, J.; Stadie, H.; Turcato, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Foudas, C.; Fry, C.; Long, K. R.; Tapper, A. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. [Matsumoto, T.; Nagano, K.; Tokushuku, K.; Yamada, S.; Yamazaki, Y.] Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Barakbaev, A. N.; Boos, E. G.; Pokrovskiy, N. S.; Zhautykov, B. O.] Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Almatly, Kazakhstan. [Aushev, V.; Borodin, M.; Kozulia, A.; Lisovyi, M.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. [Aushev, V.; Borodin, M.; Kozulia, A.; Lisovyi, M.] Kiev Natl Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. [Son, D.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. [de Favereau, J.; Piotrzkowski, K.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Barreiro, F.; Glasman, C.; Jimenez, M.; Labarga, L.; del Peso, J.; Ron, E.; Soares, M.; Terron, J.; Zambrana, M.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. [Corriveau, F.; Liu, C.; Schwartz, J.; Walsh, R.; Zhou, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Tsurugai, T.] Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Antonov, A.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Gladkov, D.; Sosnovtsev, V.; Stifutkin, A.; Suchkov, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Dementiev, R. K.; Ermolov, P. F.; Gladilin, L. K.; Golubkov, Yu. A.; Khein, L. A.; Korzhavina, I. A.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Levchenko, B. B.; Lukina, O. Yu.; Proskuryakov, A. S.; Shcheglova, L. M.; Zotkin, D. S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Abt, I.; Buettner, C.; Caldwell, A.; Kollar, D.; Reisert, B.; Schmidke, W. B.; Sutiak, J.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffeman, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffeman, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bruemmer, N.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Lee, A.; Ling, T. Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allfrey, P. D.; Bell, M. A.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R. C. E.; Ferrando, J.; Foster, B.; Korcsak-Gorzo, K.; Oliver, K.; Patel, S.; Roberfroid, V.; Robertson, A.; Straub, P. B.; Uribe-Estrada, C.; Walczak, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Bertolin, A.; Dal Corso, F.; Dusini, S.; Longhin, A.; Stanco, L.; Bellan, P.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Bellan, P.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Oh, B. Y.; Raval, A.; Ukleja, J.; Whitmore, J. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Iga, Y.] Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cole, J. E.; Hart, J. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gabareen, A.; Ingbir, R.; Kananov, S.; Smith, O.; Stern, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kuze, M.; Maeda, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Hori, R.; Kagawa, S.; Okazaki, N.; Shimizu, S.; Tawara, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Hamatsu, R.; Kaji, H.; Kitamura, S.; Ota, O.; Ri, Y. D.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientate, Novara, Italy. [Fourletov, S.; Martin, J. F.; Stewart, T. P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Boutle, S. K.; Butterworth, J. M.; Gwenlan, C.; Jones, T. W.; Loizides, J. H.; Wing, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Brzozowska, B.; Ciborowski, J.; Grzelak, G.; Kulinski, P.; Luzniak, P.; Malka, J.; Nowak, R. J.; Pawlak, J. M.; Tymieniecka, T.; Ukleja, A.; Zarnecki, A. F.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Adamus, M.; Plucinski, P.] Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Eisenberg, Y.; Hochman, D.; Karshon, U.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Brownson, E.; Danielson, T.; Everett, A.; Kcira, D.; Reeder, D. D.; Ryan, P.; Savin, A. A.; Smith, W. H.; Wolfe, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bhadra, S.; Catterall, C. D.; Cui, Y.; Hartner, G.; Menary, S.; Noor, U.; Standage, J.; Whyte, J.] York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Spiridonov, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Szuba, D.] INP, Krakow, Poland. [Szuba, J.] GH UST, FPACSA, Krakow, Poland. [Kitamura, S.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Radiol Sci, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Ciborowski, J.; Luzniak, P.; Malka, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Haas, T (reprint author), Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. EM tobias.haas@desy.de RI Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936 NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 800 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2008.04.005 PG 76 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 317VJ UT WOS:000257048000001 ER PT J AU Kain, B AF Kain, Ben TI "Semi-realistic" F-term inflation model building in supergravity SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID YANG-MILLS MATTER; STRING THEORY; ONE-LOOP; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; GAUGINO CONDENSATION; LINEAR MULTIPLET; CHIRAL MATTER; DUALITY; COMPACTIFICATIONS; COSMOLOGY AB We describe methods for building "semi-realistic models of F-term inflation. By semi-realistic we mean that they are built in, and obey the requirements of, "semi-realistic" particle physics models. The particle physics models are taken to be effective supergravity theories derived from orbifold compactifications of string theory, and their requirements are taken to be modular invariance, absence of mass terms and stabilization of moduli. We review the particle physics models, their requirements and tools and methods for building inflation models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kain, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kain, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kain, Ben] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kain, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bkain@berkeley.edu NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 800 IS 1-2 BP 270 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2008.03.014 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 317VJ UT WOS:000257048000011 ER PT J AU De Fazio, F Feldmann, T Hurth, T AF De Fazio, Fulvia Feldmann, Thorsten Hurth, Tobias TI Light-cone sum rules in soft-collinear effective theory (vol 733, pg 1, 2006) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Correction C1 [Hurth, Tobias] CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [De Fazio, Fulvia] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy. [Feldmann, Thorsten] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Hurth, Tobias] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hurth, T (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM tobias.hurth@cern.ch NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 800 IS 1-2 BP 405 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2008.03.022 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 317VJ UT WOS:000257048000017 ER PT J AU Sturm, C AF Sturm, Christian TI Precise quark masses from R(s) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on e(plus)e - Collisions from Phi to Psi CY APR 07-10, 2008 CL Frascati, ITALY ID VACUUM POLARIZATION FUNCTION; SUM-RULES; MASTER INTEGRALS; 4-LOOP TADPOLES; CROSS-SECTION; RHO-PARAMETER; 4 LOOPS; QCD; O(ALPHA(2)(S)); MOMENTS AB We discuss the extraction of the charm- and bottom-quark mass from the experimentally measured R-ratio in combination with higher order QCD corrections to moments of the vacuum polarizition function. The results for the (MS) over bar -masses are m(c)(3 GeV) = 0.986(13) GeV and m(b)(10 GeV) = 3.609(25) GeV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sturm, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Sturm, Christian/Q-2713-2015 OI Sturm, Christian/0000-0002-3137-4940 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 181-82 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.09.030 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 375VO UT WOS:000261142100028 ER PT J AU Benayoun, M David, P DelBuono, L Leitner, O O'Connell, HB AF Benayoun, M. David, P. DelBuono, L. Leitner, O. O'Connell, H. B. TI The dipion mass spectrum in e(+)e(-) annihilation and tau decay : Isospin Symmetry breaking effects from the (rho, omega, phi) mixing SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on e(plus)e - Collisions from Phi to Psi CY APR 07-10, 2008 CL Frascati, ITALY ID HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRIES; MUON MAGNETIC-MOMENT; VECTOR-MESONS; FORM-FACTOR; (G-2)(MU); PRECISION; PHYSICS; CMD-2; LOOP AB A way to explain the puzzling difference between the pion form factor as measured in e(+)e(-) annihilations and in tau decays is discussed. We show that isospin symmetry breaking, beside the already identified effects, produces also a full mixing between the rho(0), omega and phi mesons which generates an isospin 0 component inside the rho(0) meson. This effect, not accounted for in current treatments of the problem, seems able to account for the apparent mismatch between e(+)e(-) and tau data below the phi mass. C1 [Benayoun, M.; David, P.; DelBuono, L.; Leitner, O.] CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE Paris 6 7, F-75252 Paris, France. [Leitner, O.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [O'Connell, H. B.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Benayoun, M (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE Paris 6 7, F-75252 Paris, France. OI O'Connell, Heath/0000-0002-1895-5310 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 181-82 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2008.09.011 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 375VO UT WOS:000261142100030 ER PT J AU Khalil, H AF Khalil, Hussein TI Modeling & Simulation Advances Brighten Future Nuclear Power SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khalil, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 208, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hkhalil@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 363TV UT WOS:000260290700002 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Kapernick, R Marcille, TF AF Zhang, J. Kapernick, R. Marcille, T. F. TI Corrosion of materials by liquid NaK coolant in a nuclear power system SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOLUBILITY; OXYGEN; POTASSIUM; ALLOYS; SODIUM; ALKALI; METALS AB Corrosion of the primary coolant structural, materials in a nuclear power system is a potential concern when liquid metal is used as the coolant. For the current space reactor design, liquid sodium-potassium eutectic (NaK) has been selected as a candidate for the primary coolant and stainless steel as the structural material, so whether or not corrosion is a problem for this system must be determined. This paper documents a first step to understanding the extent of corrosion in the selected candidate design. Data available in the literature have been compiled and are analyzed, factors affecting corrosion are assessed, and a theoretical basis of the corrosion mechanisms by liquid metals is presented. This study provides some useful information for the design of NaK coolant systems and some recommendations for what additional experimental and theoretical work is needed to understand the corrosion mechanisms and limitations of using NaK as a primary coolant. C1 [Zhang, J.; Kapernick, R.; Marcille, T. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Nucl Syst Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Nucl Syst Engn Grp, MS K-575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jszhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 160 IS 1 BP 75 EP 97 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 339LN UT WOS:000258579200005 ER PT J AU Noguere, G Bernard, D Saint Jean, CD Iooss, B Gunsing, F Kobayashi, K Mughabghab, SF Siegler, P AF Noguere, Gilles Bernard, David Saint Jean, Cyrille De Iooss, Bertrand Gunsing, Frank Kobayashi, Katsuhei Mughabghab, Said F. Siegler, Peter TI Assessment and propagation of the Np-237 nuclear data uncertainties in integral calculations by Monte Carlo techniques SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE CROSS-SECTION; CODE AB A new method to produce covariance or dispersion matrices for the resonance parameters of neutron cross sections was developed. The technique uses resonance shape analysis in association with Monte Carlo treatment of the uncertainties. The method was implemented in the error propagation tool MCFIT. This program provides a user-friendly textual interface for the shape analysis code REFIT It was designed to take into account the main sources of uncertainties involved in time-of-flight measurements. Its capability is illustrated with the simultaneous analysis of Np-237 capture and transmission data. The covariance matrix obtained in this work was used to interpret oscillation measurements of Np-237 samples carried out in the Minerve reactor located at Cadarache. C1 [Noguere, Gilles; Bernard, David; Saint Jean, Cyrille De; Iooss, Bertrand] Commissariat Energie Atom, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Gunsing, Frank] CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kobayashi, Katsuhei] Kinki Univ, Higashiosaka, Osaka 5778502, Japan. [Mughabghab, Said F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Siegler, Peter] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RP Noguere, G (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM gilles.noguere@cea.fr RI De Saint Jean, Cyrille/E-8853-2011 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 160 IS 1 BP 108 EP 122 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 339LN UT WOS:000258579200007 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Clarno, KT AF Williams, D. F. Clarno, K. T. TI Evaluation of salt coolants for reactor applications SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molten Salt Chemistry and Technology CY AUG, 2005 CL Toulouse, FRANCE DE reactor coolant; high-temperature applications; molten salt AB Molten fluorides were initially developed for use in the nuclear industry as the high-temperature fluid fuel for the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR). The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy is exploring the use of molten salts as primary and secondary coolants in a new generation of solid-fueled, thermal-spectrum, high-temperature reactors. This paper provides a review of relevant properties for use in evaluation and ranking of salt coolants for high-temperature reactors. Nuclear, physical, and chemical properties were reviewed, and metrics for evaluation are recommended. Chemical properties of the salt were examined to identify factors that affect materials compatibility (i.e., corrosion). Some preliminary consideration of economic factors for the candidate salts is also presented. C1 [Williams, D. F.; Clarno, K. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6170, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM williamsdf2@ornl.gov OI Clarno, Kevin/0000-0002-5999-2978 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3 BP 330 EP 343 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 344EZ UT WOS:000258910700002 ER PT J AU Laplace, AF Lacquement, J Willitt, JL Finch, RA Fletcher, GA Williamson, MA AF Laplace, A. F. Lacquement, J. Willitt, J. L. Finch, R. A. Fletcher, G. A. Williamson, M. A. TI Electrodeposition of uranium and transuranic metals (Pu) on solid cathode SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molten Salt Chemistry and Technology CY AUG, 2005 CL Toulouse, FRANCE DE molten chlorides; actinide-lanthanide separation; electrolysis; pyrochemistry ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; KCL; MELT AB The results from a study of U and Pu metal electrodeposition from molten eutectic LiCl-KCl on a solid inert cathode are presented. This study has been conducted using similar to 50 g of U-Pu together with rare earths (mostly Nd) and 1.5 kg of salt. The introduction of a three-electrode probe with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode has allowed voltammetric measurement during electrolysis and control of the cathode potential versus the reference. Cyclic and square-wave voltammetric measurements proved to be very useful tools for monitoring the electrolysis as well as selecting the cathode versus reference potential to maximize the separation between actinides and rare earths. The voltammetric data also highlighted the occurrence of back reactions between the cathode deposit and oxidizing equivalents formed at the anode that remained in the molten salt electrolyte. Any further electrolysis test needs to be conducted continuously and followed by immediate removal of the cathode to minimize those back reactions. C1 [Laplace, A. F.; Lacquement, J.] CEA Valrho, LPP, SCPS, Commissariat Energie Atom DRCP, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. [Willitt, J. L.; Finch, R. A.; Fletcher, G. A.; Williamson, M. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, CMT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Laplace, AF (reprint author), CEA Valrho, LPP, SCPS, Commissariat Energie Atom DRCP, Bat 399,BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. EM annabelle.laplace@cea.fr; willit@cmt.anl.gov RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3 BP 366 EP 372 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 344EZ UT WOS:000258910700005 ER PT J AU Demmer, RL Panozzo, JB Christensen, RJ AF Demmer, R. L. Panozzo, J. B. Christensen, R. J. TI A novel approach to spent fuel pool decommissioning SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molten Salt Chemistry and Technology CY AUG, 2005 CL Toulouse, FRANCE DE Dresden Nuclear Power Station Unit 1; spent fuel pool; underwater coating process AB The Dresden Nuclear Power Station Unit I spent fuel pool (SFP) (Exelon Generation Company) was decommissioned using a new underwater coating process developed in cooperation with Idaho National Laboratory (INL). This was the first time that a commercial nuclear power plant SFP was decommissioned using this underwater coating process. This approach has advantages in many aspects, particularly in reducing airborne contamination and allowing safer, more cost-effective deactivation. The process was pioneered at INL and used to decommission three SFPs with a total combined pool volume of >900 000 gal. INL provided engineering support and shared project plans to successfully initiate the Dresden project. This paper outlines the steps taken by INL and Exelon to decommission SFPs using the underwater coating process. The rationale used to select the underwater coating process and the advantages and disadvantages are described. Special circumstances are also discussed, such as the use of a remotely operated underwater vehicle to visually and radiologically map the pool areas that were not readily accessible. Several specific areas where special equipment was employed are discussed, and a "lessons learned" evaluation is included. C1 [Demmer, R. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Panozzo, J. B.; Christensen, R. J.] Exelon Generat Co LLC, Dresden Nucl Power Stn, Warrenville, IL 60555 USA. RP Demmer, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Rick.Demmer@inl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 163 IS 3 BP 444 EP 452 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 344EZ UT WOS:000258910700012 ER PT J AU Dunten, PW Little, EJ Gregory, MT Manohar, VM Dalton, M Hough, D Bitinaite, J Horton, NC AF Dunten, Pete W. Little, Elizabeth J. Gregory, Mark T. Manohar, Veena M. Dalton, Michael Hough, David Bitinaite, Jurate Horton, Nancy C. TI The structure of SgrAI bound to DNA; recognition of an 8 base pair target SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ECORV RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE; SUBSTRATE-ASSISTED CATALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; METAL-IONS; B-DNA; SEQUENCE; BINDING; CLEAVAGE AB The three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure of the rare cutting type II restriction endonuclease SgrAI bound to cognate DNA is presented. SgrAI forms a dimer bound to one duplex of DNA. Two Ca-2 bind in the enzyme active site, with one ion at the interface between the protein and DNA, and the second bound distal from the DNA. These sites are differentially occupied by Mn-2, with strong binding at the proteinDNA interface, but only partial occupancy of the distal site. The DNA remains uncleaved in the structures from crystals grown in the presence of either divalent cation. The structure of the dimer of SgrAI is similar to those of Cfr10I, Bse634I and NgoMIV, however no tetrameric structure of SgrAI is observed. DNA contacts to the central CCGG base pairs of the SgrAI canonical target sequence (CRCCGGYG, marks the site of cleavage) are found to be very similar to those in the NgoMIV/DNA structure (target sequence GCCGGC). Specificity at the degenerate YR base pairs of the SgrAI sequence may occur via indirect readout using DNA distortion. Recognition of the outer GC base pairs occurs through a single contact to the G from an arginine side chain located in a region unique to SgrAI. C1 [Little, Elizabeth J.; Gregory, Mark T.; Manohar, Veena M.; Horton, Nancy C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dunten, Pete W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dalton, Michael; Hough, David; Bitinaite, Jurate] New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. RP Horton, NC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM nhorton@u.arizona.edu RI Horton, Nancy/E-7881-2011 OI Horton, Nancy/0000-0003-2710-8284 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM066805]; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy under Contract [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIH [5R01GM066805] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01 GM066805 to N.C.H.). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Portions of this work were carried out at the Advanced Light Source. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by NIH 5R01GM066805. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 16 BP 5405 EP 5416 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn510 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 348JA UT WOS:000259205600032 PM 18701646 ER PT J AU Coldwell, KE Cutts, SM Ognibene, TJ Henderson, PT Phillips, DR AF Coldwell, Kate E. Cutts, Suzanne M. Ognibene, Ted J. Henderson, Paul T. Phillips, Don R. TI Detection of Adriamycin-DNA adducts by accelerator mass spectrometry at clinically relevant Adriamycin concentrations SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERSTRAND CROSS-LINKS; TOPOISOMERASE-II; CANCER-CELLS; MCF-7 CELLS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ANTITUMOR DRUGS; DOXORUBICIN; FORMALDEHYDE; BINDING; ANTHRACYCLINE AB Limited sensitivity of existing assays has prevented investigation of whether Adriamycin-DNA adducts are involved in the anti-tumour potential of Adriamycin. Previous detection has achieved a sensitivity of a few Adriamycin-DNA adducts/10(4) bp DNA, but has required the use of supra-clinical drug concentrations. This work sought to measure Adriamycin-DNA adducts at sub-micromolar doses using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a technique with origins in geochemistry for radiocarbon dating. We have used conditions previously validated (by less sensitive decay counting) to extract [(14)C]Adriamycin-DNA adducts from cells and adapted the methodology to AMS detection. Here we show the first direct evidence of Adriamycin-DNA adducts at clinically-relevant Adriamycin concentrations. [(14)C]Adriamycin treatment (25 nM) resulted in 4.4 +/- 1.0 adducts/10(7) bp (similar to 1300 adducts/cell) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, representing the best sensitivity and precision reported to date for the covalent binding of Adriamycin to DNA. The exceedingly sensitive nature of AMS has enabled over three orders of magnitude increased sensitivity of Adriamycin-DNA adduct detection and revealed adduct formation within an hour of drug treatment. This method has been shown to be highly reproducible for the measurement of Adriamycin-DNA adducts in tumour cells in culture and can now be applied to the detection of these adducts in human tissues. C1 [Coldwell, Kate E.; Cutts, Suzanne M.; Phillips, Don R.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Ognibene, Ted J.; Henderson, Paul T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ognibene, Ted J.; Henderson, Paul T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Phillips, DR (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. EM d.phillips@latrobe.edu.au RI Cutts, Suzanne/B-2467-2012 OI Cutts, Suzanne/0000-0002-6055-0405 FU Australian Research Council [DP0208535]; La Trobe University; National Institutes of Health of the United States of America [P41 RR13461]; U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Centre for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program [P41 RR13461] FX This work was carried out with the support of the Australian Research Council (DP0208535 to D.R.P. and S.M.C.), a La Trobe University postgraduate scholarship (K.E.C.) and The National Institutes of Health of the United States of America (P41 RR13461 to P.T.H. and T.J.O.). This work was performed at the Research Resource for Biomedical Accelerator Mass Spectrometry under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Research Resource is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Centre for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program grant P41 RR13461. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for the article was provided by School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University. NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 16 AR e100 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn439 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 348JA UT WOS:000259205600002 PM 18632763 ER PT J AU Lashuk, I Vassllevski, PS AF Lashuk, Ilya Vassllevski, Panayot S. TI On some versions of the element agglomeration AMGe method SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE algebraic multigrid; element agglomeration; adaptive AMG; nested-CG cycle MG ID ADJOINT ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; LEAST-SQUARES; SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; ALGORITHMS AB The present paper deals with element-based algebraic multigrid (AMGe) methods that target linear systems of equations coming from finite element discretizations of elliptic partial differential equations. The individual element information (element matrices and element topology) is the main input to construct the AMG hierarchy. We study a number of variants of the spectral agglomerate AMGe method. The core of the algorithms relies on element agglomeration utilizing the element topology (built recursively from fine to coarse levels). The actual selection of the coarse degrees of freedom is based on solving a large number of local eigenvalue problems. Additionally, we investigate strategies for adaptive AMG as well as multigrid cycles that are more expensive than the V-cycle utilizing simple interpolation matrices and nested conjugate gradient (CG)-based recursive calls between the levels. The presented algorithms are illustrated with an extensive set of experiments based on a matlab implementation of the methods. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Vassllevski, Panayot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lashuk, Ilya] Univ Colorado, Dept Math Sci, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Vassllevski, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, 7000 E Ave,Mail Stop L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM panayot@llnl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract (W-7405-Eng-48). NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 7 BP 595 EP 620 DI 10.1002/nla.585 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 349DB UT WOS:000259257900002 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, Paul T. TI Changes in body weight and waist circumference affect incident hypercholesterolemia during 7 years of follow-up SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FEMALE RUNNERS; QUEBEC FAMILY; WOMEN; MEN; HYPERTENSION AB Objective: To assess whether changes in total and regional adiposity affect the odds for becoming hypercholesterolemic. Methods and Procedures: Changes in BMI and waist circumference were compared to self-reported physician-diagnosed hypercholesterolemia in 24,397 men and 10,023 women followed prospectively in the National Runners' Health Study. Results: Incident hypercholesterolemia were reported by 3,054 men and 519 women during (mean +/- s.d.) 7.8 +/- 1.8 and 7.5 +/- 2.0 years of follow-up, respectively. Despite being active, men's BMI increased by 1.15 +/- 1.71 kg/m(2) and women's BMI increased by 0.96 +/- 1.89 kg/m(2). The odds for developing hypercholesterolemia increased significantly in association with gains in BMI and waist circumferences in both sexes. A gain in BMI >= 24 kg/m(2) significantly (P < 0.0001) increased the odds for hypercholesterolemia by 94% in men and 129% in women compared to those whose BMI declined (40 and 76%, respectively, adjusted for average of the baseline and follow-up BMI, P < 0.0001). A gain of >= 6cm in waist circumference increased men's odds for hypercholesterolemia by 74% (P < 0.0001) and women's odds by 70% (P < 0.0001) relative to those whose circumference declined (odds increased 40% at P < 0.0001 and 49% at P < 0.01, respectively adjusted for average circumference). BMI and waist circumference at the end of follow-up were significantly associated (P < 0.0001) with the log odds for hypercholesterolemia in both men (e.g., coefficient +/- s.e.: 0.115 +/- 0.011 per kg/m(2)) and women (e.g., 0.119 +/- 0.019 per kg/m(2)) when adjusted for baseline values, whereas baseline BMI and circumferences were unrelated to the log odds when adjusted for follow-up values. Discussion: These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that weight gain acutely increases the risk for hypercholesterolemia. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM ptwilliams@lbl.gov FU National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [HL-45652, HL-072110, DK-066738]; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX We appreciate Kathryn Hoffman and Isabelle La for their assistance in collecting the data. This work was supported in part by grants HL-45652, HL-072110, and DK-066738 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, and was conducted at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (Department of Energy DE-AC03-76SF00098 to the University of California). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2163 EP 2168 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.299 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 345KP UT WOS:000258996000024 PM 19186337 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Niklasson, GA AF Tuncer, Enis Niklasson, Gunnar A. TI Optical properties of non-dilute metal-insulator composites SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE spectral density representation; dielectric permittivity; composite; optical properties; fractals ID COMPLEX DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; 2-COMPONENT COMPOSITE; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; RIGOROUS BOUNDS; FILMS; CLUSTERS; CONDUCTIVITY; RELAXATION; MIXTURES; ABSORPTION AB The description of the optical properties of metal-insulator composites in the non-dilute region is a long standing problem. In this letter we extract the spectral density function of cobalt-amorphous aluminum oxide composites from optical and near-infrared data. The spectral functions are accurately computed numerically with the help of a recently developed technique. It is observed that the spectral features of the prepared composites change with increasing cobalt content. For low concentrations of cobalt, only one depolarization peak is found that corresponds to the Maxwell Garnett approximation. For concentrations higher than 11% cobalt, three effective depolarization factors are resolved that move towards low spectral parameter values with increasing cobalt content. Such a multi-peak structure arises naturally in fractal equivalent Circuit models for the optical properties. A comparison with a deterministic fractal model is presented to illustrate the strength of the spectral density representation and to better comprehend our results. We conclude that the observed behavior gives important information on the relation of the optical characteristics to the composite micro-structure. (C) 2008 Elsevier BY. All rights reserved. C1 [Tuncer, Enis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Supercond Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Niklasson, Gunnar A.] Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Dept Engn Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Supercond Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov; gunnar.niklasson@angstrom.uu.se OI Niklasson, Gunnar/0000-0002-8279-5163; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 281 IS 17 BP 4374 EP 4379 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2008.05.020 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 337MV UT WOS:000258441100034 ER PT J AU Li, YL Chemerisov, S AF Li, Yuelin Chemerisov, Sergey TI Manipulation of spatiotemporal photon distribution via chromatic aberration SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASHORT PULSES; PHASE; LENS AB We demonstrate a spatiotemporal laser-pulse-shaping scheme that exploits the chromatic aberration in a dispersive lens. This normally harmful effect transforms the phase modulation into a beam-size modulation at the focal plane. In combination with the intricate diffraction effect via beam apodization, this method provides a spatiotemporal control of photon distribution with an accuracy of diffraction limit on a time scale of femtoseconds. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Accelerator Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chemerisov, Sergey] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ylli@aps.anl.gov OI Li, Yuelin/0000-0002-6229-7490 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank D. Kaplan of Fastlite for fruitful discussions. The author also thanks K.-J. Kim and K. Harkay for support. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 17 BP 1996 EP 1998 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001996 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 354QB UT WOS:000259653000024 PM 18758590 ER PT J AU Ruppel, ME Miller, LM Burr, DB AF Ruppel, M. E. Miller, L. M. Burr, D. B. TI The effect of the microscopic and nanoscale structure on bone fragility SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE bone; collagen; fragility; mineral; osteoporosis ID COLLAGEN FIBER ORIENTATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; FTIR MICROSPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; OSTEOCALCIN-DEFICIENT MICE; HUMAN TRABECULAR BONE; HUMAN COMPACT-BONE AB Bone mineral density is the gold-standard for assessing bone quantity and diagnosing osteoporosis. Although bone mineral density measurements assess the quantity of bone, the quality of the tissue is an important predictor of fragility. Understanding the macro- and nanoscale properties of bone is critical to understanding bone fragility in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease that affects more than 75 million people worldwide. The gold standard for osteoporosis prognosis, bone mineral density, primarily measures the quantity of bone in the skeleton, overlooking more subtle aspects of bone's properties. Bone quality, a measure of bone's architecture, geometry and material properties, is evaluated via mechanical, structural and chemical testing. Although decreased BMD indicates tissue fragility at the clinical level, changes in the substructure of bone can help indicate how bone quality is altered in osteoporosis. Additionally, mechanical properties which can quantify fragility, or bone's inability to resist fracture, can be changed due to alterations in bone architecture and composition. Recent studies have focused on examination of bone on the nanoscale, suggesting the importance of understanding the interactions of the mineral crystals and collagen fibrils and how they can alter bone quality. It is therefore important to understand alterations in bone that occur at the macro-, micro- and nanoscopic levels to determine what parameters contribute to decreased bone quality in diseased tissue. C1 [Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ruppel, M. E.; Miller, L. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Miller, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Biomed Engn Program, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Burr, DB (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, MS 5035,635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM dburr@iupui.edu NR 217 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1251 EP 1265 DI 10.1007/s00198-008-0579-1 PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 336XX UT WOS:000258401200005 PM 18317862 ER PT J AU Fuchs, RK Allen, MR Condon, KW Reinwald, S Miller, LM McClenathan, D Keck, B Phipps, RJ Burr, DB AF Fuchs, R. K. Allen, M. R. Condon, K. W. Reinwald, S. Miller, L. M. McClenathan, D. Keck, B. Phipps, R. J. Burr, D. B. TI Strontium ranelate does not stimulate bone formation in ovariectomized rats SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE animal model; bone mineralization; bone strength; calcium; osteoporosis; strontium ranelate ID POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; IN-VITRO; NONVERTEBRAL FRACTURES; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; STABLE STRONTIUM; MINERALIZATION; WOMEN; RISK; RESORPTION AB Introduction Strontium ranelate (SrR) is suggested to function as a dual-acting agent in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with anti-resorptive and anabolic skeletal benefits. We evaluated the effects of SrR on the skeleton in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and evaluated the influence of dietary calcium. Methods Three-month old virgin female rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX, n = 50) or SHAM surgery (SHAM, n = 10). Four weeks post-surgery, rats were treated daily by oral gavage with distilled water (10 ml/kg/day) or SrR (25 or 150 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Separate groups of animals for each dose of SrR were fed a low (0.1%) or normal (1.19%) calcium (Ca) diet. Static and dynamic histomorphometry, DXA, mu-CT, mechanical testing, and serum and skeletal concentrations of strontium were assessed. Results SrR at doses of 25 and 150 mg/kg/day did not increase bone formation on trabecular or periosteal bone surfaces, and failed to inhibit bone resorption of trabecular bone regardless of Ca intake. There were no improvements in bone mass, volume or strength with either dose of SrR given normal Ca. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that SrR at dosages of 25 and 150 mg/kg/day did not stimulate an anabolic bone response, and failed to improve the bone biomechanical properties of OVX rats. C1 [Fuchs, R. K.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Fuchs, R. K.; Allen, M. R.; Condon, K. W.; Reinwald, S.; Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Miller, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McClenathan, D.; Keck, B.; Phipps, R. J.] Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut, Mason, OH USA. [Burr, D. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Fuchs, RK (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. EM rfuchs@iupui.edu; matallen@iupui.edu; kcondon@iupui.edu; sreinwald@iupui.edu; lmiller@bnl.gov; mcclenathan.dm@pg.com; keck.bd@pg.com; phipps.rj@pg.com; dburr@iupui.edu RI Allen, Matthew/A-8799-2015 OI Allen, Matthew/0000-0002-1174-9004 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [T32 AR-7581-09] NR 43 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1331 EP 1341 DI 10.1007/s00198-008-0602-6 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 336XX UT WOS:000258401200015 PM 18385919 ER PT J AU Barat, K AF Barat, Ken TI Curtains SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT News Item C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Barat, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM kbarat@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTONIC SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 349VK UT WOS:000259311200013 ER PT J AU Trabert, E AF Traebert, E. TI Beam-foil spectroscopy - Quo vadis? SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Review ID ION STORAGE-RING; S-3(1)-1S2P P-3(2,0) WAVELENGTHS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; PERTURBATION-THEORY CALCULATIONS; ATOMIC LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; S-3-1S2P P-3 TRANSITION; FINE-STRUCTURE ENERGIES; DATA-BASED PREDICTIONS; NEGATIVE LITHIUM ION; HELIUM-LIKE NITROGEN AB Beam-foil spectroscopy after 45 years: what has been realized of the promises? What is the state of the art? What is the status of the field? What present atomic physics problems should the technique be applied to, where can it be done? Will it be done?. C1 [Traebert, E.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Traebert, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM traebert@astro.rub.de FU German Research Association (DFG); US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The author warmly acknowledges beam-foil spectroscopic collaborations with many colleagues, and appreciates helpful comments on the manuscript made by Indrek Martinson (Lund) and Lorenzo J Curtis (Toledo, OH). He is highly grateful for the support extended by the German Research Association (DFG). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contracts W-7405-Eng-48 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 242 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 038103 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/78/03/038103 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 355HK UT WOS:000259699800021 ER PT J AU Broege, DW Coffee, RN Bucksbaum, PH AF Broege, D. W. Coffee, R. N. Bucksbaum, P. H. TI Strong-field impulsive alignment in the presence of high temperatures and large centrifugal distortion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INDUCED POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL COHERENCE; MOLECULES; CO2 AB We achieve impulsive alignment in a 400 K sample of diatomic iodine. This alignment results in an ensemble of coherent rotational wave packets with revival structures at 220 and 440 ps. The revivals contain many more oscillations than are typically seen in rotational wave packets. The high-temperature sample contains a very large distribution in J, with strong centrifugal distortions. We find that the high initial temperature, rather than the strength of the laser impulse, gives rise to the centrifugally distorted revival oscillations. We present polarization measurements of this rotational wave packet together with semiclassical simulations showing the importance of the thermal distribution of population in both rotational and vibrational states. Our results show that excitation of coherent rotations is possible even in a system where the thermal energy is large compared to the energy exchanged with the laser field. C1 [Broege, D. W.; Bucksbaum, P. H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Coffee, R. N.; Bucksbaum, P. H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Broege, DW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dbroege@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation and from the Department of Energy. We would also like to thank M. Vrakking and M. Dantus for helpful discussions. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 035401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.035401 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400212 ER PT J AU Covo, MK Kaganovich, ID Shnidman, A Molvik, AW Vujic, JL AF Covo, Michel Kireeff Kaganovich, Igor D. Shnidman, Ariel Molvik, Arthur W. Vujic, Jasmina L. TI Measurements of the total charge-changing cross sections for collisions of target gases with a 1-MeV K(+)-ion beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON LOSS; HEAVY; IONIZATION; PROJECTILE; CAPTURE; ATOMS; N-2 AB The sum of ionization and charge-exchange cross sections of several gas targets (H(2), N(2), He, Ne, Kr, Xe, Ar, and water vapor) impacted by a 1-MeV K(+) beam are measured. In a high-current ion beam, the self-electric field of the beam is high enough that ions produced from the gas ionization or charge exchange by the ion beam are quickly swept to the sides of the accelerator. The flux of the expelled ions is measured by a retarding field analyzer. This allows accurate measuring of the total charge-changing cross sections (ionization plus charge exchange) of the beam interaction with gas. Cross sections for H(2), He, and Ne are simulated using classical trajectory Monte Carlo method and compared with the experimental results, showing good agreement. C1 [Covo, Michel Kireeff; Molvik, Arthur W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaganovich, Igor D.; Shnidman, Ariel] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Covo, Michel Kireeff; Vujic, Jasmina L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Covo, MK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkireeffcovo@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 032709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.032709 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400100 ER PT J AU Hasoglu, MF Nikolic, D Gorczyca, TW Manson, ST Chen, MH Badnell, NR AF Hasoglu, M. F. Nikolic, D. Gorczyca, T. W. Manson, S. T. Chen, M. H. Badnell, N. R. TI Nonmonotonic behavior as a function of nuclear charge of the K-shell Auger and radiative rates and fluorescence yields along the 1s2s(2)2p(3) isoelectronic sequence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; CORE EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION RATES; VACANCY STATES; COSTER-KRONIG; FE-XVIII AB Calculations using multiconfiguration Breit-Pauli and multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock methodologies have revealed that the radiative and Auger rates, and the associated fluorescence yields, of the six electron 1s2s(2)2p(3) K-shell vacancy isoelectronic sequence exhibit nonmonotonic behavior as a function of nuclear charge Z. This behavior is explained in terms of an accidental degeneracy, an avoided crossing of two nearly degenerate spin-orbit coupled levels. The results also demonstrate the importance of including both electron-electron correlation and spin-orbit effects even at low Z. C1 [Hasoglu, M. F.; Nikolic, D.; Gorczyca, T. W.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Manson, S. T.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Chen, M. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Badnell, N. R.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Hasoglu, MF (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM fatih.hasoglu@wmich.edu FU NASA APRA [NNG0-4GB58G, NAG5-12712]; NASA SHP SR T [NNG05GD41G]; NSF [PHY-0244394]; Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; UK PPARC [PPA-G/S2003/00055] FX F. H, D. N., and T. W. G. were supported in part by NASA APRA Grant No. NNG0-4GB58G and NASA SHP SR& T Grant No. NNG05GD41G. S. T. M. was supported in part by NASA APRA Grant No. NAG5-12712 and NSF Grant No. PHY-0244394. The work of M. H. C. was performed under the auspices of U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. N. R. B. was supported in part by UK PPARC Grant No. PPA-G/S2003/00055. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 032509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.032509 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400076 ER PT J AU Pryadko, LP Sengupta, P AF Pryadko, Leonid P. Sengupta, Pinaki TI Second-order shaped pulses for solid-state quantum computation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; RADIOFREQUENCY PULSES; POPULATION-INVERSION; COMPOSITE PULSES; BROAD-BAND; REALIZATION AB We present the construction and detailed analysis of highly optimized self-refocusing pulse shapes for several rotation angles. We characterize the constructed pulses by the coefficients appearing in the Magnus expansion up to second order. This allows a semianalytical analysis of the performance of the constructed shapes in sequences and composite pulses by computing the corresponding leading-order error operators. Higher orders can be analyzed with the numerical technique suggested by us previously. We illustrate the technique by analyzing several composite pulses designed to protect against pulse amplitude errors, and on decoupling sequences for potentially long chains of qubits with on-site and nearest-neighbor couplings. C1 [Pryadko, Leonid P.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sengupta, Pinaki] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sengupta, Pinaki] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pryadko, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Sengupta, Pinaki/B-6999-2011 FU NSF [0622242]; U.S. DOE [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This research was supported in part by NSF Grant No. 0622242 (L.P.P). LANL is supported by U. S. DOE under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. NHMFL is supported by the DOE, the NSF, and the state of Florida. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 032336 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.032336 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400066 ER PT J AU Rosa, FSS Dalvit, DAR Milonni, PW AF Rosa, F. S. S. Dalvit, D. A. R. Milonni, P. W. TI Casimir interactions for anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIALS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PERFECT CONDUCTORS; MU-M; FORCE; MEDIA; PERMEABILITY; REFRACTION; FREQUENCIES; MODES AB We extend our previous work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 183602 (2008)] on the generalization of the Casimir-Lifshitz theory to treat anisotropic magnetodielectric media, focusing on the forces between metals and magnetodielectric metamaterials and on the possibility of inferring magnetic effects by measurements of these forces. We present results for metamaterials including structures with uniaxial and biaxial magnetodielectric anisotropies, as well as for structures with isolated metallic or dielectric properties that we describe in terms of filling factors and a Maxwell Garnett approximation. The elimination or reduction of Casimir "stiction" by appropriate engineering of metallic-based metamaterials, or the indirect detection of magnetic contributions, appear from the examples considered to be very challenging, as small background Drude contributions to the permittivity act to enhance attraction over repulsion, as does magnetic dissipation. In dielectric-based metamaterials the magnetic properties of polaritonic crystals, for instance, appear to be too weak for repulsion to overcome attraction. We also discuss Casimir-Polder experiments, that might provide another possibility for the detection of magnetic effects. C1 [Rosa, F. S. S.; Dalvit, D. A. R.; Milonni, P. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rosa, FSS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy FX We are greatly indebted to H.-T. Chen, R. S. Decca, N. Engheta, S. K. Lamoreaux, P. A. M. Neto, J.F. O'Hara, W.J. Padilla, J.B. Pendry, V. M. Shalaev, D. R. Smith, and A.J. Taylor, for very useful discussions. We also acknowledge the support of the U. S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD program for this work. NR 95 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 032117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.032117 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400029 ER PT J AU Ahilan, K Ning, FL Imai, T Sefat, AS Jin, R McGuire, MA Sales, BC Mandrus, D AF Ahilan, K. Ning, F. L. Imai, T. Sefat, A. S. Jin, R. McGuire, M. A. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. TI (19)F NMR investigation of the iron pnictide superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MUON SPIN ROTATION; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; PENETRATION DEPTH; FLUX DISTRIBUTION; TC AB We report on (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigation of the high-temperature superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) (T(c) similar to 28 K). We demonstrate that low-frequency spin fluctuations exhibit pseudogap behavior above T(c). We also deduce the London penetration depth lambda from NMR line broadening below T(c). C1 [Ahilan, K.; Ning, F. L.; Imai, T.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Imai, T.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Sefat, A. S.; Jin, R.; McGuire, M. A.; Sales, B. C.; Mandrus, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ahilan, K (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU NSERC; CIFAR; Division of Materials Science and Engineering; Office of Basic Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC-05-00OR22725] FX T. I. thanks G. M. Luke and A. J. Berlinsky for the helpful discussions. The work at McMaster was supported by NSERC and CIFAR. Research sponsored by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC-05-00OR22725. NR 29 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 100501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.100501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400011 ER PT J AU Bauer, ED Wang, C Fanelli, VR Lawrence, JM Goremychkin, EA de Souza, NR Ronning, F Thompson, JD Silhanek, AV Vildosola, V Lobos, AM Aligia, AA Bobev, S Sarrao, JL AF Bauer, E. D. Wang, C. Fanelli, V. R. Lawrence, J. M. Goremychkin, E. A. de Souza, N. R. Ronning, F. Thompson, J. D. Silhanek, A. V. Vildosola, V. Lobos, A. M. Aligia, A. A. Bobev, S. Sarrao, J. L. TI Simplifying strong electronic correlations in uranium: Localized uranium heavy-fermion UM(2)Zn(20) (M = Co, Rh) compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DILUTE MAGNETIC-ALLOYS; LARGE-N EXPANSION; FIELDS; EXCITATIONS; DEGENERACY; SYSTEMS; IR AB The physical properties including magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, and dynamic susceptibility chi ''(E) are reported for single crystals of the cubic UM(2)Zn(20) (M = Co, Rh) materials. Maxima in the thermodynamic data at T(max) similar to 10 K for both compounds and a broad peak in chi ''(E) at 5 K in UCo(2)Zn(20) of width Gamma=5 meV indicate a heavy-fermion state characterized by a Kondo temperature T(K) similar to 20-30 K arising from weak hybridization of f- and conduction-electron states. Anderson impurity model fits to the data in the Kondo limit including crystalline electric-field effects corroborate an ionic-like uranium electronic configuration in UM(2)Zn(20). C1 [Bauer, E. D.; Wang, C.; Fanelli, V. R.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.; Silhanek, A. V.; Sarrao, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lawrence, J. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Goremychkin, E. A.; de Souza, N. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vildosola, V.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Fis, Ctr Atom Constituyentes, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Lobos, A. M.; Aligia, A. A.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Lobos, A. M.; Aligia, A. A.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Bobev, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bauer, ED (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI de Souza, Nicolas/B-4257-2008; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Fanelli, Victor/A-4375-2015; OI Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115120 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800047 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Bishop, AR AF Bussmann-Holder, A. Bishop, A. R. TI Dimensional crossover and absence of quantum criticality in SrTi(16)O(1-x)(18)O(x) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; POLARIZABILITY MODEL; CENTRAL-PEAK; FERROELECTRICITY; SRTIO3; BEHAVIOR; SUBSTITUTION; PEROVSKITE; SCATTERING; ORIGIN AB The isotope-induced ferroelectricity observed in SrTi(18)O(3) (STO18) enables a systematic study of the crossover between quantum paraelectricity and ferroelectricity as a function of x in SrTi(16)O(1-x)(18)O(x) (STO16(1-x)STO18(x)). We predict that all ferroelectric compounds have a finite transition temperature T(c) and show a dimensionality crossover from d=3 to d=4 at sufficiently low temperature. A discontinuity in behavior takes place around x=0.35, where quantum fluctuations suppress the transition. No evidence is found for a quantum critical point in the phase diagram. The high temperature structural transition shows a substantial isotope dependence which is, however, less striking than for the ferroelectric transition. C1 [Bussmann-Holder, A.] Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104117 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400034 ER PT J AU Cao, H Stock, C Xu, GY Gehring, PM Li, JF Viehland, D AF Cao, Hu Stock, Chris Xu, Guangyong Gehring, Peter M. Li, Jiefang Viehland, Dwight TI Dynamic origin of the morphotropic phase boundary: Soft modes and phase instability in 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-0.32PbTiO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MONOCLINIC PHASE; POLARIZATION ROTATION; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TITANATE; PBTIO3; PHONON AB We report neutron inelastic scattering and high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements on single crystal 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-0.32PbTiO(3)) (PMN-0.32PT), a relaxor ferroelectric material that lies within the compositional range of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) where the piezoelectric properties of PMN-xPT compounds are close to maximal. Data were obtained between 100 and 600 K under zero and nonzero electric field applied along the cubic [001] direction. The lowest-energy, zone-center, transverse optic phonon is strongly damped and softens slowly at high temperature; however, the square of the soft-mode energy begins to increase linearly with temperature as in a conventional ferroelectric, which we term the soft-mode "recovery," upon cooling into the tetragonal phase at T-C. Our data show that the soft mode in PMN-0.32PT behaves almost identically to that in pure PMN, exhibiting the same temperature dependence and recovery temperature even though PMN exhibits no well-defined structural transition (no T-C). The temperature dependence of the soft mode in PMN-0.32PT is also similar to that in PMN-0.60PT; however, in PMN-0.60PT the recovery temperature equals T-C. These results suggest that the temperature dependence and the energy scale of the soft-mode dynamics in PMN-xPT are independent of concentration on the Ti-poor side of the MPB, but scale with T-C for Ti-rich compositions. Thus the MPB may be defined in lattice dynamical terms as the concentration where T-C first matches the recovery temperature of the soft mode. High-resolution x-ray studies show that the cubic-to-ferroelectric phase boundary shifts to higher temperatures by an abnormal amount within the MPB region in the presence of an electric field. This suggests that an unusual instability exists within the apparently cubic phase at the MPB. C1 [Cao, Hu; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, Dwight] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Stock, Chris] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Rutherford OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gehring, Peter M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0204, MURIN00014-06-1-0530]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research under Grants No. N00014-06-1-0204 and No. MURIN00014-06-1-0530, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. We would also like thank H. Luo for providing the high-quality single crystals used in this study and Y. Chen for technical assistance with the BT7 triple-axis neutron spectrometer. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104103 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400020 ER PT J AU Chiatti, O Sytcheva, A Wosnitza, J Zherlitsyn, S Zvyagin, AA Zapf, VS Jaime, M Paduan, A AF Chiatti, O. Sytcheva, A. Wosnitza, J. Zherlitsyn, S. Zvyagin, A. A. Zapf, V. S. Jaime, M. Paduan-Filho, A. TI Character of magnetic excitations in a quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet near the quantum critical points: Impact on magnetoacoustic properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB We report results of magnetoacoustic studies in the quantum spin-chain magnet NiCl2-4SC(NH2)(2) (DTN) having a field-induced ordered antiferromagnetic (AF) phase. In the vicinity of the quantum critical points (QCPs) the acoustic c(33) mode manifests a pronounced softening accompanied by energy dissipation of the sound wave. The acoustic anomalies are traced up to T > T-N, where the thermodynamic properties are determined by fermionic magnetic excitations, the "hallmark" of one-dimensional (1D) spin chains. On the other hand, as established in earlier studies, the AF phase in DTN is governed by bosonic magnetic excitations. Our results suggest the presence of a crossover from a 1D fermionic to a three-dimensional bosonic character of the magnetic excitations in DTN in the vicinity of the QCPs. C1 [Chiatti, O.; Sytcheva, A.; Wosnitza, J.; Zherlitsyn, S.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Hochfeld Magnetlabor Dresden HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Zvyagin, A. A.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Zvyagin, A. A.] NAS Ukraine, B Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Zapf, V. S.; Jaime, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Paduan-Filho, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Chiatti, O (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Hochfeld Magnetlabor Dresden HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RI Chiatti, Olivio/F-3267-2010; PaduanFilho, Armando/H-2443-2011; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Chiatti, Olivio/0000-0002-6570-0839 FU Ukrainian Fundamental Research State Fund [F25.4/13] FX We thank S.A. Zvyagin for stimulating discussions. A.A.Z. acknowledges the support from the Ukrainian Fundamental Research State Fund (Grant No. F25.4/13). NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094406 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700052 ER PT J AU Cho, DJ Wang, F Zhang, X Shen, YR AF Cho, David J. Wang, Feng Zhang, Xiang Shen, Y. Ron TI Contribution of the electric quadrupole resonance in optical metamaterials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; FREQUENCIES; VELOCITY; MEDIA; LINES; PHASE; LIGHT AB Optical metamaterials can exhibit negative index of refraction when both the effective permittivity and permeability are negative. The negative permeability is usually considered to be associated with a magnetic dipole resonance and the contribution from electric quadrupoles is neglected. Here, we show by simulation that the electric quadrupole contribution is actually comparable to that from magnetic dipoles. We propose an experimental scheme to determine the relative contributions from the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole of a metallic nanostructure. This can be important in the design of metamaterials. C1 [Cho, David J.; Wang, Feng; Shen, Y. Ron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shen, Y. Ron] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cho, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011; wang, Feng/I-5727-2015 FU NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) [DMI-0327077] FX This work was supported by NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) under Grant No. DMI-0327077. F. W. acknowledges support from the Miller Institute of the University of California. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 121101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.121101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EH UT WOS:000259691500001 ER PT J AU Essler, FHL Konik, RM AF Essler, Fabian H. L. Konik, Robert M. TI Finite-temperature lineshapes in gapped quantum spin chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAINS; ISING-MODEL; DYNAMICS; FIELD; DERIVATION; CONTINUUM; LATTICE AB We consider the finite-temperature dynamical susceptibility chi(omega,q,T) of gapped quantum spin chains such as the integer spin Heisenberg and transverse field Ising models. At zero temperature chi in these models is dominated by a delta-function line arising from the coherent propagation of single-particle modes. Using methods of integrable quantum field theory, we determine the evolution of the lineshape at low temperatures. We show that the lineshape is in general asymmetric in energy. We discuss the application of our results to inelastic neutron-scattering experiments on gapped spin chain systems such as Y(2)BaNiO(5) and CsNiCl(3). C1 [Essler, Fabian H. L.] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Konik, Robert M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Essler, FHL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RI Konik, Robert/L-8076-2016 OI Konik, Robert/0000-0003-1209-6890 FU EPSRC [GR/R83712/01]; DOE [DE-AC02-98 CH 10886]; SCCS Theory Institute at BNL; ESF network INSTANS FX We are grateful to A. M. Tsvelik for helpful discussions and G. Xu for access to data from Ref. 12. This work was supported by the EPSRC under Grant No. GR/R83712/01 (FHLE), the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98 CH 10886 (RMK), the SCCS Theory Institute at BNL (FHLE), and the ESF network INSTANS. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 100403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.100403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400007 ER PT J AU Fransson, J Zhu, JX AF Fransson, J. Zhu, Jian-Xin TI Vibrational coherence in electron spin resonance in nanoscale oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; MICROSCOPY; HEAT AB We study a scheme for electrical detection, using electron spin resonance, of coherent vibrations in a molecular single electron level trapped near a conduction channel. Both equilibrium spin currents and non-equilibrium spin and charge currents are investigated. Inelastic side-band antiresonances corresponding to the vibrational modes appear in the electron spin resonance spectrum. C1 [Fransson, J.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fransson, J (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Box 530, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM jonas.fransson@fysik.uu.se; jxzhu@lanl.gov RI Fransson, Jonas/A-9238-2009; OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 FU Swedish Research Council; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LANL LDRD Program FX J. F. thanks B. Sanyal and P. Souvatzis for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR) (J.F.), by the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy at LANL under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, and by the LANL LDRD Program (J.-X.Z). NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 113307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.113307 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800015 ER PT J AU Galperin, M Nitzan, A Ratner, MA AF Galperin, Michael Nitzan, Abraham Ratner, Mark A. TI Inelastic transport in the Coulomb blockade regime within a nonequilibrium atomic limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION; CONDON OVERLAP INTEGRALS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; MOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; SYSTEMS; SCATTERING; ADSORBATES; MODEL AB A method developed by Sandalov et al. [Int. J. Quantum Chem. 94, 113 (2003)] is applied to inelastic transport in the case of strong correlations on the molecule, which is relatively weakly coupled to contacts. The ability of the approach to deal with the transport in the language of many-body molecular states as well as to take into account charge-specific normal modes and nonadiabatic couplings is stressed. We demonstrate the capabilities of the technique within simple model calculations and compare it to previously published approaches. C1 [Galperin, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nitzan, Abraham] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Sci, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ratner, Mark A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ratner, Mark A.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Galperin, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Galperin, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Galperin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Abraham, Nitzan/A-9963-2008; Galperin, Michael/B-2838-2011 OI Galperin, Michael/0000-0002-1401-5970 FU UCSD; LANL; U. S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation; German-Israel Foundation; NSF/MRSEC; NU-MRSEC; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Security, LLC; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX M. G. is indebted to Igor Sandalov for numerous illuminating discussions, and thanks Karsten Flensberg, Jonas Fransson, and Ivar Martin for helpful conversations. M. G. gratefully acknowledges support from the UCSD Startup Fund and the LANL. A. N. thanks the Israel Science Foundation, the U. S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation, and the German-Israel Foundation for financial support. M. A. R. thanks the NSF/MRSEC for support, through the NU-MRSEC. This work was performed in part at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 60 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 125320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.125320 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EH UT WOS:000259691500061 ER PT J AU Godwal, BK Speziale, S Clark, SM Yan, J Jeanloz, R AF Godwal, B. K. Speziale, S. Clark, S. M. Yan, J. Jeanloz, R. TI Electronic phase transition and amorphization in AuIn2 at high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; GAS; COMPRESSIBILITY; CALIBRATION; GRADIENT; METALS; GOLD AB High-resolution angular-dispersive x-ray diffraction shows that the intermetallic compound AuIn2 retains its initial CaF2 structure to pressures of 23 GPa. We observe continuous broadening of diffraction lines with pressure, leading to amorphization at 24 GPa. The pressure-volume equation of state exhibits an anomaly around 2.7 GPa, in agreement with previous findings and not attributable to nonhydrostaticity. Instead, ab initio plane-wave self-consistent field calculations indicate that the observed anomaly is associated with topological changes in the electronic band structure under pressure. C1 [Godwal, B. K.; Speziale, S.; Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clark, S. M.; Yan, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Godwal, BK (reprint author), Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Homi Bhabha Rd, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 FU U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy (DOE); University of California; U. S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; COMPRESS, the Consortium for Material Processing Research in Earth Sciences [EAR 06-49658] FX This research was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and Department of Energy (DOE), as well as by the University of California. The Advanced Light Source was supported by the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the beamline was partially supported by COMPRESS, the Consortium for Material Processing Research in Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EAR 06-49658. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094107 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700032 ER PT J AU Goldman, AI Argyriou, DN Ouladdiaf, B Chatterji, T Kreyssig, A Nandi, S Ni, N Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC McQueeney, RJ AF Goldman, A. I. Argyriou, D. N. Ouladdiaf, B. Chatterji, T. Kreyssig, A. Nandi, S. Ni, N. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. McQueeney, R. J. TI Lattice and magnetic instabilities in CaFe2As2: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 43 K; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAO1-XFXFEAS AB Neutron diffraction measurements of a high-quality single crystal of CaFe2As2 are reported. A sharp transition was observed between the high-temperature tetragonal and low-temperature orthorhombic structures at T-S=172.5 K (on cooling) and 173.5 K (on warming). Concomitant with the structural transition, the Fe moments order in a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure with a saturated moment of 0.80(5)mu(B)/Fe directed along the orthorhombic a axis. The hysteresis of both the structural and magnetic transitions is 1 K between cooling and warming, consistent with previous thermodynamic, transport, and single-crystal x-ray studies and provides clear evidence of the coupling between the structural and magnetic transitions in this material. C1 [Goldman, A. I.; Kreyssig, A.; Nandi, S.; Ni, N.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Goldman, A. I.; Kreyssig, A.; Nandi, S.; Ni, N.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Argyriou, D. N.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Chatterji, T.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Forschungszentrum, Julich Outstn, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Goldman, AI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; Chatterji, Tapan/0000-0002-2303-8904 FU U. S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. We gratefully acknowledge the ILL for their rapid allocation of time and their support for this work. The authors would like to thank G. McIntyre for his assistance in identifying the twinning scheme. NR 24 TC 248 Z9 248 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 100506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.100506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400016 ER PT J AU Hoberg, JR Prozorov, R AF Hoberg, Jacob R. Prozorov, Ruslan TI Current-driven transformations of the intermediate-state patterns in type-I superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOMAINS; BARRIER AB Dynamic structure of the intermediate state was studied in pinning-free thick Pb strips using real-time magneto-optical visualization. It is found that topological hysteresis can be lifted by applying sufficiently large transport current. Namely, laminar structure that appears in a static case when magnetic flux exits the sample is turned into a tubular pattern when sufficiently large transport current is applied. The tubes move under the influence of the Lorentz force and, at higher currents and fields, evolve into a dynamic pattern of equally spaced superconducting walls oriented perpendicular to the current (force-free configuration). Magnetic-field-current phase diagram of the intermediate state is discussed. Our results imply that tubular structure is more favorable than the laminar structure because it is topologically mobile, whereas tubular pattern is topologically constrained with the multitude of degenerate metastable state. C1 [Prozorov, Ruslan] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prozorov@ameslab.gov RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096 FU Department of Energy; Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; NSF [DMR-05-53285]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We thank Paul Canfield, John Clem, Vladimir Kogan, and Rudolf Huebener for their helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358, NSF under Grant No. DMR-05-53285, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104511 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400087 ER PT J AU Hong, HW Xu, RQ Alatas, A Holt, M Chiang, TC AF Hong, Hawoong Xu, Ruqing Alatas, Ahmet Holt, M. Chiang, T. -C. TI Central peak and narrow component in X-ray scattering measurements near the displacive phase transition in SrTiO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 110 DEGREES K; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; LENGTH SCALES; MODES AB The second-order displacive phase transition in SrTiO(3) at T(C)similar to 105 K has been the subject of much debate. For temperature T above and near T(C), energy scans by neutron scattering have shown a central peak (CP) at the R point in the Brillouin zone in addition to a pair of soft phonon peaks, while momentum scans by x-ray thermal diffuse scattering around the R point have shown a narrow component (NC) atop a broad thermal peak caused by the soft mode. This work clarifies the relationship between the CP and NC by inelastic x-ray scattering with high energy and momentum resolutions. The CP and NC are derived from the same origin and can be attributed to defect-induced local transition above T(C). C1 [Hong, Hawoong; Alatas, Ahmet; Holt, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xu, Ruqing; Chiang, T. -C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Xu, Ruqing; Chiang, T. -C.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hong, HW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011; Xu, Ruqing/K-3586-2012 OI Xu, Ruqing/0000-0003-1037-0059 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-07ER46383]; National Science Foundation [DMR-05-03323]; Petroleum Foundation Fund FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (H. H.) and Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46383 (T.-C.C.). We acknowledge partial support of personnel and equipment in connection with the beamline operations by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-05-03323) and the Petroleum Foundation Fund administered by the American Chemical Society. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104121 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400038 ER PT J AU Huda, MN Kleinman, L AF Huda, Muhammad N. Kleinman, Leonard TI DFT+U search for the energy minimum among eight collinear and noncollinear magnetic structures of GdB(4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BASIS-SET; APPROXIMATION; METALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SURFACES AB We have studied eight collinear and noncollinear magnetic orientations of GdB(4) using the GGA + U method, without and with spin-orbit coupling, for values of U - J between 0 and 6. For U - J = 6, the value which had been found to yield the correct Gd lattice constants, we obtain GdB(4) lattice constants within 0.26% of experiment. We find that the magnetization lies in plane but is collinear, in disagreement with the most recent experimental determination. C1 [Huda, Muhammad N.; Kleinman, Leonard] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Huda, MN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Huda, Muhammad/C-1193-2008 OI Huda, Muhammad/0000-0002-2655-498X FU Welch Foundation (Houston, TX) [F-0934]; Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), University of Texas at Austin FX This work was supported by the Welch Foundation (Houston, TX) under Grant No. F-0934 and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), University of Texas at Austin. Useful conversation with B. R. Sahu is gratefully acknowledged. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094424 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700070 ER PT J AU Huijben, M Martin, LW Chu, YH Holcomb, MB Yu, P Rijnders, G Blank, DHA Ramesh, R AF Huijben, M. Martin, L. W. Chu, Y. -H. Holcomb, M. B. Yu, P. Rijnders, G. Blank, D. H. A. Ramesh, R. TI Critical thickness and orbital ordering in ultrathin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; MAGNETIC PHASE-DIAGRAM; THIN-FILMS; MANGANESE PEROVSKITES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MANGANITES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; STRAIN AB Detailed analysis of transport, magnetism, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on ultrathin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films with thicknesses from 3 to 70 unit cells resulted in the identification of a lower critical thickness for a nonmetallic nonferromagnetic layer at the interface with the SrTiO3 (001) substrate of only three unit cells (similar to 12 angstrom). Furthermore, linear-dichroism measurements demonstrate the presence of a preferred (x(2)-y(2)) in-plane orbital ordering for all layer thicknesses without any orbital reconstruction at the interface. A crucial requirement for the accurate study of these ultrathin films is a controlled growth process, offering the coexistence of layer-by-layer growth and bulklike magnetic/transport properties. C1 [Huijben, M.; Martin, L. W.; Chu, Y. -H.; Holcomb, M. B.; Yu, P.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huijben, M.; Martin, L. W.; Chu, Y. -H.; Holcomb, M. B.; Yu, P.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huijben, M.; Martin, L. W.; Chu, Y. -H.; Holcomb, M. B.; Yu, P.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huijben, M.; Rijnders, G.; Blank, D. H. A.] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Huijben, M.; Rijnders, G.; Blank, D. H. A.] Univ Twente, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Chu, Y. -H.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. RP Huijben, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM m.huijben@utwente.nl RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011; Yu, Pu/F-1594-2014; OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513; Holcomb, Mikel/0000-0003-2111-3410 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); National Science Council [NSC 97-3114-M-009-001] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. G. R. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Y.H.C. would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Council, R.O.C., under contract NSC 97-3114-M-009-001. NR 45 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094413 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700059 ER PT J AU James, AJA Essler, FHL Konik, RM AF James, A. J. A. Essler, F. H. L. Konik, R. M. TI Finite-temperature dynamical structure factor of alternating Heisenberg chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET; EXCITATIONS; CSCOBR3; MODE AB We develop a low-temperature expansion for the finite-temperature dynamical structure factor of the spin half Heisenberg chain with alternating nearest-neighbor exchange in the limit of strong alternation of the exchange constants. We determine both the broadening of the low-lying triplet lines and the contribution of the thermally activated intraband scattering. C1 [James, A. J. A.; Essler, F. H. L.] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Konik, R. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP James, AJA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RI Konik, Robert/L-8076-2016; OI Konik, Robert/0000-0003-1209-6890; James, Andrew/0000-0001-8454-6219; James, Andrew/0000-0003-3069-4579 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094411 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700057 ER PT J AU Jimison, LH Salleo, A Chabinyc, ML Bernstein, DP Toney, MF AF Jimison, Leslie H. Salleo, Alberto Chabinyc, Michael L. Bernstein, David P. Toney, Michael F. TI Correlating the microstructure of thin films of poly[5,5-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-2,2-bithiophene] with charge transport: Effect of dielectric surface energy and thermal annealing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYL THIOPHENE); LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER; X-RAY-SCATTERING; EFFECT MOBILITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CARRIER MOBILITY; POLYTHIOPHENE; PERFORMANCE; DENSITY AB Poly [5,5'-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-2,2'-bithiophene] (PQT-12) is a conjugated polymer that shows promising performance (mu > 0.1 cm(2)/V s) as a semiconductor for thin-film electronics. The electrical properties of PQT-12 thin films can vary by over 3 orders of magnitude depending on the chemistry of the substrate onto which they are deposited and on annealing conditions. The highest mobility is obtained in films annealed on a dielectric treated with a self-assembled monolayer of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Polymeric thin films were processed from either a solution of dissolved PQT-12 molecules in 1,2-dichlorobenzene or from a nanoparticle dispersion of the polymer in the same solvent (nPQT-12). In addition, the substrate surface chemistry was altered by spin coating on a bare SiO(2) dielectric or on SiO(2) treated with OTS. The microstructure of the two forms of polymer, as characterized using specular and grazing x-ray diffraction in addition to rocking curves, was compared and correlated with the electrical performance of the films as active layers in thin-film transistors. As-spun films of nPQT-12 are always more crystalline than those of PQT-12, independent of substrate chemistry. Consequently, carrier mobility in as-spun films is higher in nPQT-12 than in PQT-12. The presence of the OTS monolayer at the polymer/dielectric interface increases crystallinity of both PQT-12 and nPQT-12, without significantly affecting their texture. After annealing, the mobility in PQT-12 films and nPQT-12 films is comparable. Annealing causes the polymer films on OTS to undergo crystallite growth in the direction normal to the substrate. In nPQT-12, growth of the crystalline coherence length in the pi-pi stacking direction (i. e., parallel to the substrate and in the direction of charge transport) occurs as well. The mobility increase in nPQT-12 on OTS upon annealing is thus attributed to the higher crystallinity of the film. In PQT-12 films deposited on OTS on the other hand, annealing causes a decrease in the out-of-plane misorientation of neighboring crystallites without any significant grain growth in the plane of the film. The mobility increase in PQT-12 on OTS upon annealing is attributed to a better intergrain connectivity, in agreement with electrical modeling of the transistor characteristics using a mobility edge model. C1 [Jimison, Leslie H.; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bernstein, David P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chabinyc, Michael L.] Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Bernstein, David P.; Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Salleo, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM asalleo@stanford.edu RI Chabinyc, Michael/E-2387-2011 FU PARC; NIST; National Science Foundation FX Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. B. S. Ong and Y. Wu of Xerox Research Centre of Canada are gratefully acknowledged for providing PQT-12 and nPQT-12. The authors acknowledge useful discussion with R. A. Street and J. E. Northrup of PARC and R. J. Kline of NIST. A. S. and L. H. J. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 125319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.125319 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EH UT WOS:000259691500060 ER PT J AU Johnson, RD Bland, SR Mazzoli, C Beale, TAW Du, CH Detlefs, C Wilkins, SB Hatton, PD AF Johnson, R. D. Bland, S. R. Mazzoli, C. Beale, T. A. W. Du, C-H. Detlefs, C. Wilkins, S. B. Hatton, P. D. TI Determination of magnetic order of the rare-earth ions in multiferroic TbMn(2)O(5) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; RESONANT EXCHANGE SCATTERING; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; QUADRUPOLAR; PLATES; EDGE AB We have employed resonant x-ray magnetic scattering to specifically probe the magnetic order of the rare-earth ions in multiferroic TbMn(2)O(5). Two energy resonances were observed, one originated from the E1-E1 dipolar transition and the other from the E2-E2 quadrupolar transition. These resonances directly probe the valence 5d band and the partially occupied 4f band, respectively. First, full polarization analysis, which is a measurement of the scattered polarization as a function of incident polarization, confirmed a spin polarization of the terbium valence states (probed by the E1-E1 transition) by the Mn(4+) spin density in the commensurate phase. Second, full polarization analysis data were collected in the low-temperature incommensurate and commensurate phases when tuned to the E2-E2 resonance. By employing a least-squares fitting procedure, the spin orientations of the terbium ion sublattice were refined. C1 [Johnson, R. D.; Bland, S. R.; Beale, T. A. W.; Hatton, P. D.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Mazzoli, C.; Detlefs, C.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Du, C-H.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. [Wilkins, S. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnson, RD (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Rochester Bldg,South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM p.d.hatton@durham.ac.uk RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Mazzoli, Claudio/J-4360-2012; Hatton, Peter/J-8445-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; FU EPSRC; Office of Science U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886.] FX We would like to acknowledge Ru-Shi Liu for the crystal growth. R. D. J., S. R. B., and T. A. W. B. would like to thank S. T. F. C. and EPSRC for the funding. We are grateful to the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the beamtime and access to their facilities. The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104407 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400056 ER PT J AU Khantha, M Cordero, NA Alonso, JA Cawkwell, M Girifalco, LA AF Khantha, M. Cordero, N. A. Alonso, J. A. Cawkwell, M. Girifalco, L. A. TI Interaction and concerted diffusion of lithium in a (5,5) carbon nanotube SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; POLY-ATOMIC SYSTEMS; AB-INITIO; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; ION CONDUCTION; LI; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB The interaction and diffusion of lithium atoms in a (5,5) carbon nanotube is studied using density-functional theory. The Li-nanotube interaction perpendicular to the tube axis for a single Li inside and outside the tube is calculated and compared with the Li-graphene interaction obtained using the same technique. Both interactions are similar in the repulsive region but exhibit differences in their attractive part. Nevertheless, they can be described using a common parametrization. The Li-Li interaction is calculated as a function of their separation inside the tube. This interaction is similar to a screened repulsive Coulomb potential at small separations. However, at larger separations, the Li-Li interaction does not vanish and shows residual oscillations. This repulsive long-ranged interaction favors concerted diffusion of many Li atoms compared to the independent diffusion of individual Li inside the tube. C1 [Khantha, M.; Cordero, N. A.; Girifalco, L. A.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cordero, N. A.] Univ Burgos, Dept Fis, E-09001 Burgos, Spain. [Alonso, J. A.] Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Teor Atom & Opt, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. [Cawkwell, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Khantha, M (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Cordero, Nicolas A./H-2534-2013; Alonso, Julio /D-5781-2016; OI Alonso, Julio /0000-0002-8604-8608; Cawkwell, Marc/0000-0002-8919-3368 FU Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; European Regional Development Fund [MAT2004-23280-E, MAT2005-06544-C03]; Junta de Castilla y Leon [VA039A05]; National Science Foundation [0100273]; NSF-EC Activity [0304510] FX We gratefully acknowledge support of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and the European Regional Development Fund (Grants No. MAT2004-23280-E and MAT2005-06544-C03), Junta de Castilla y Leon (Grant No. VA039A05), as well as the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0100273) (NSF-EC Activity) and Grant No. 0304510 that provided partial support to one of us (M.K.)]. We thank V. Meunier for useful discussions about computational details of the diffusion barrier. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115430 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800112 ER PT J AU Lashley, JC Stevens, R Crawford, MK Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF Qiu, Y Lynn, JW Goddard, PA Fisher, RA AF Lashley, J. C. Stevens, R. Crawford, M. K. Boerio-Goates, J. Woodfield, B. F. Qiu, Y. Lynn, J. W. Goddard, P. A. Fisher, R. A. TI Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of the spinels GeNi(2)O(4) and GeCo(2)O(4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CAPACITY; CSNICL3 AB Specific-heat and magnetic-susceptibility measurements are reported for the polycrystalline spinel compounds GeNi(2)O(4) and GeCo(2)O(4) in magnetic fields up to 14 T and 0.5 K <= T <= 400 K. Both compounds have first-order antiferromagnetic transitions. There are two sharp closely spaced magnetic-ordering anomalies for GeNi(2)O(4) at Neel temperatures T(N1)(0)= 12.080 K and T(N2)(0)=11.433 K in zero magnetic field. There is also a broad anomaly in the specific heat centered at similar to 5 K, which is present for all fields. Spin waves with an average gap of 10.9 K are associated with this anomaly, which is confirmed by neutron-scattering measurements. An unusual feature of the antiferromagnetism for GeNi(2)O(4) is the simultaneous presence of both gapped and ungapped spin waves in the Neel state, inferred from the specific-heat data. GeCo(2)O(4) has a single anomaly at T(N)(0)= 20.617 K in zero magnetic field. Spin waves with an average gap of 38.7 K are derived from fitting the low-temperature specific heat and are also observed by neutron scattering. For both compounds similar to 50% of the derived magnetic entropy is below the ordering temperatures, and the total magnetic entropies are only similar to 60% of that predicted for the Ni(2+) and Co(2+) single-ion ground-state configurations. The missing entropy is not linked to magnetic disorder in the ground state or hidden ordering below 0.5 K. It is postulated that the missing entropy is accounted for by the presence of substantial magnetic correlations well above the Neel temperatures. Fitting the GeNi(2)O(4) susceptibilities to the Curie-Weiss law yields parameters that are consistent with those found for Ni(2+) ions in a crystal-electric-field environment including octahedral and trigonal components. The application of the Curie-Weiss law to the GeCo(2)O(4) susceptibilities is not valid because of low-lying crystal-electric-field states. C1 [Lashley, J. C.; Goddard, P. A.; Fisher, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stevens, R.; Boerio-Goates, J.; Woodfield, B. F.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Crawford, M. K.] DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Crawford, M. K.] DuPont Co Inc, Dept Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goddard, P. A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Lashley, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015 OI Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DEFG-03-86ER-45230]; U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-00-72125]; National Nuclear Security Administration; Office of Research and Creative Activities at BYU; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors acknowledge E. M. McCarron, R. J. Smalley, T. Borecki, and J. Hormadaly for help with sample preparation. They thank J. R. D. Copley of the NIST Center for Neutron Research for his continuing interest and helpful discussions on the neutron-scattering experiments. Research at Los Alamos National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG-03-86ER-45230 and the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. DMR-00-72125, and was performed under the auspices of the NSF, the State of Florida, the National Nuclear Security Administration, and the U. S. Department of Energy. The Office of Research and Creative Activities at BYU provided funding for support of the BYU research. This work utilized facilities, supported in part, by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104406 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400055 ER PT J AU Li, XB Limpijumnong, S Tian, WQ Sun, HB Zhang, SB AF Li, Xian-Bin Limpijumnong, Sukit Tian, Wei Quan Sun, Hong-Bo Zhang, S. B. TI Hydrogen in ZnO revisited: Bond center versus antibonding site SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ZINC-OXIDE; BASIS-SET; SEMICONDUCTORS; CRYSTALS; DENSITY AB Current controversy on the binding sites of H+ in ZnO can be explained by first- principles calculations. Previous infrared measurements from different groups indicate different H sites, either at the bond center (BC) site with a stretch frequency omega=3611 cm(-1) or antibonding (AB) site with omega=3326 cm(-1). This was puzzling because the BC site has lower energy by 0.2 eV. Here, we show that calcium, isovalent to Zn and found only in samples with the 3326 cm(-1) mode, binds H at the AB site. Large spatial undulation of charge explains the unexpected large binding between isovalent Ca and charged H+ of 0.7 eV. C1 [Limpijumnong, Sukit; Zhang, S. B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Li, Xian-Bin; Sun, Hong-Bo; Zhang, S. B.] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Integrated Optoelect, Coll Elect Sci & Engn, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Limpijumnong, Sukit] Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. [Limpijumnong, Sukit] Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. [Tian, Wei Quan] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Inst Theoret Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. [Zhang, S. B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Limpijumnong, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sukit@sut.ac.th RI Sun, Hong-Bo/D-3689-2012; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Li, Xian-Bin/C-7863-2011 OI Sun, Hong-Bo/0000-0003-2127-8610; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Li, Xian-Bin/0000-0002-0046-2016 FU NSFC [60525412]; U. S. DOE/BES [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; JLU; CHE; AOARD/AFOSR [FA4869-08-14007] FX This work was supported by NSFC (Contract No. 60525412), U. S. DOE/BES (Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337) , JLU (start-up fund), CHE (CHE-RES-RG program), and AOARD/AFOSR (Contract No. FA4869-08-14007). We thank D. J. West, Z. G. Chen, X. Meng, H. Wang. D. Han, Q. D. Chen, and H. Yang for helpful discussios and technical supports. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 113203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.113203 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800008 ER PT J AU Ma, J Wang, EG Zhang, ZY Wu, BA AF Ma, Jie Wang, Enge Zhang, Zhenyu Wu, Biao TI Theory of the excitation of the vibrational mode of an adatom-substrate system under a resonant laser field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID H STRETCHING MODES; SI(111)-H SURFACE; X-1) SURFACE; SI; ENERGY; HYDROGEN; RELAXATION; DESORPTION; MOLECULES; H/SI(111) AB We present a theoretical description of the excitation of a stretch mode and energy transfers among different degrees of freedom within an adatom-substrate system under an infrared resonant laser field. There are two competing mechanisms via which the adatom-substrate bond can be highly excited: The pooling process and the absorption of multiphotons. We show that if the frequency dispersion of the laser is much smaller than the anharmonicity of the selected mode, namely, if the laser can be treated as monochromatic, the pooling process is dominant in exciting the stretch mode to highly vibrational states. As the frequency dispersion of the laser increases, the excitation to highly vibrational states by direct photon absorption becomes more dominant. We further show that the dependences of the two mechanisms on photon frequency are quite different: If pooling dominates, there is only a single peak in the excitation probability; if multiphoton absorption dominates, there may exist several peaks and the main peak may exhibit a redshift. These findings are illustrated using the H/Si(111) system as a prototype example. C1 [Ma, Jie; Wang, Enge; Wu, Biao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wu, BA (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM bwu@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wu, Biao/B-3329-2008 OI Wu, Biao/0000-0001-9229-5894 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences; NSF of China [10504040]; 973 Project of China [2005CB724500, 2006CB921400]; DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46091]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0606485] FX We thank Shiwu Gao for useful discussions. This work was supported by the "BaiRen" program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the NSF of China (Grant No. 10504040), and the 973 Project of China (Grants No. 2005CB724500 and No. 2006CB921400). Z.Z. was supported by the DOE (Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46091 and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences) and in part by the U. S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-0606485). NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 125303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.125303 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EH UT WOS:000259691500044 ER PT J AU Mandal, S Budhani, RC He, JQ Zhu, Y AF Mandal, Soumen Budhani, R. C. He, Jiaqing Zhu, Y. TI Diverging giant magnetoresistance in ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet trilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; THIN-FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MAGNETISM; HYBRIDS; LAYER AB The relevance of pair-breaking by exchange and dipolar fields, and by injected spins in a low carrier density cuprate Y(1-x)Pr(x)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(7) sandwiched between two ferromagnetic La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO(3) layers is examined. At low external field (H(ext)), the system shows a giant magnetoresistance (GMR), which diverges deep in the superconducting state. We establish a distinct dipolar contribution to magnetoresistance (MR) near the switching field (H(c)) of the magnetic layers. At H(ext)>> H(c), a large positive MR, resulting primarily from the motion of Josephson vortices and pair breaking by the in-plane field, is seen. C1 [Mandal, Soumen; Budhani, R. C.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Low Dimens Syst Lab, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [He, Jiaqing; Zhu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mandal, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Low Dimens Syst Lab, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM rcb@iitk.ac.in RI He, Jiaqing/A-2245-2010; Mandal, Soumen/C-6880-2011 OI Mandal, Soumen/0000-0001-8912-1439 FU Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences; Department of Information Technology, Government of India FX This research has been supported by grants from the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences and the Department of Information Technology, Government of India. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094502 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700078 ER PT J AU McGuire, MA Christianson, AD Sefat, AS Sales, BC Lumsden, MD Jin, RY Payzant, EA Mandrus, D Luan, YB Keppens, V Varadarajan, V Brill, JW Hermann, RP Sougrati, MT Grandjean, F Long, GJ AF McGuire, Michael A. Christianson, Andrew D. Sefat, Athena S. Sales, Brian C. Lumsden, Mark D. Jin, Rongying Payzant, E. Andrew Mandrus, David Luan, Yanbing Keppens, Veerle Varadarajan, Vijayalaksmi Brill, Joseph W. Hermann, Raphael P. Sougrati, Moulay T. Grandjean, Fernande Long, Gary J. TI Phase transitions in LaFeAsO: Structural, magnetic, elastic, and transport properties, heat capacity and Mossbauer spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ZRCUSIAS TYPE-STRUCTURE; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HELIMAGNETIC FEAS; 43 K; IRON; METAL; LAO1-XFXFEAS; INSTABILITY; COMPOUND; DIAGRAM AB We present results from a detailed experimental investigation of LaFeAsO, the parent material in the series of "FeAs" based oxypnictide superconductors. Upon cooling, this material undergoes a tetragonal-orthorhombic crystallographic phase transition at similar to 160 K followed closely by an antiferromagnetic ordering near 145 K. Analysis of these phase transitions using temperature dependent powder x-ray and neutron-diffraction measurements is presented. A magnetic moment of similar to 0.35 mu(B) per iron is derived from Mossbauer spectra in the low-temperature phase. Evidence of the structural transition is observed at temperatures well above the transition temperature (up to near 200 K) in the diffraction data as well as the polycrystalline elastic moduli probed by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements. The effects of the two phase transitions on the transport properties (resistivity, thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall coefficient), heat capacity, and magnetization of LaFeAsO are also reported, including a dramatic increase in the magnitude of the Hall coefficient below 160 K. The results suggest that the structural distortion leads to a localization of carriers on Fe, producing small local magnetic moments which subsequently order antiferromagnetically upon further cooling. Evidence of strong electron-phonon interactions in the high-temperature tetragonal phase is also observed. C1 [McGuire, Michael A.; Christianson, Andrew D.; Sefat, Athena S.; Sales, Brian C.; Lumsden, Mark D.; Jin, Rongying; Payzant, E. Andrew; Mandrus, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luan, Yanbing; Keppens, Veerle] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Varadarajan, Vijayalaksmi; Brill, Joseph W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Hermann, Raphael P.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Hermann, Raphael P.; Sougrati, Moulay T.; Grandjean, Fernande] Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Long, Gary J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP McGuire, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Hermann, Raphael/F-6257-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016; Sougrati, Moulay Tahar/B-6283-2011; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Hermann, Raphael/0000-0002-6138-5624; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504; Sougrati, Moulay Tahar/0000-0003-3740-2807; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; ORNL; UT-Battelle; LLC; U. S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Scientific User FacilitiesDivision; NSF [DMR-0400938]; Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium [9.456595, 1.5.064.05] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with D. J. Singh, O. Garlea, S. Nagler, A. Castro-Neto, and I. I. Mazin, and technical assistance by J. Zarestky and J. Fernandez-Baca. Research sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Part of this research performed by Eugene P. Wigner Fellows at ORNL, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. A portion of this research at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User FacilitiesDivision, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE. A portion of this work was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-0400938. F.G. acknowledges with thanks the financial support of the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium, through Grants No. 9.456595 and No. 1.5.064.05. NR 45 TC 228 Z9 228 U1 10 U2 84 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094517 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700093 ER PT J AU Morath, CP Seamons, JA Reno, JL Lilly, MP AF Morath, Christian P. Seamons, John A. Reno, John L. Lilly, Mike P. TI Layer interdependence of transport in an undoped electron-hole bilayer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GAAS-ALGAAS HETEROSTRUCTURE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; WAVE-FUNCTION; METALLIC BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION-TIMES; SINGLE-PARTICLE; QUANTUM-WELLS; MOBILITY; GAS; MODULATION AB The layer interdependence of transport in an undoped electron-hole bilayer (UEHBL) device was studied as a function of carrier density, interlayer electric field, and temperature. The UEHBL device consisted of a density tunable, independently contacted two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) in distinct (100) GaAs quantum wells separated by a 30 nm Al(0.9)Ga(0.1)As barrier. The 2DEG and 2DHG are induced via field effect by top and bottom gates, respectively. Transport measurements were made simultaneously on each layer using the van der Pauw method. An increase in 2DHG mobility with increasing 2DEG density was observed, while the 2DEG mobility showed minimal dependence on the 2DHG density. Changes in both surface-gate voltages for the mobility-density measurements were observed. Decreasing the interlayer electric field and thereby increasing interlayer separation also increased the 2DHG mobility with negligible effects on the 2DEG mobility. The change in interlayer separation as interlayer electric field changed was estimated using 2DHG Coulomb drag measurements. A general discussion of the results is given in which the possible sources for the apparent interlayer dependence of the hole transport are examined. C1 [Morath, Christian P.; Seamons, John A.; Reno, John L.; Lilly, Mike P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Morath, Christian P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Morath, CP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cpmorat@sandia.gov RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Co; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge Denise Tibbets for her technical assistance. The authors also wish to thank S. Das Sarma and E. H. Hwang for their helpful discussions of the related theory. This work has been supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115318 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800073 ER PT J AU Morozovska, AN Kalinin, SV Eliseev, EA Gopalan, V Svechnikov, SV AF Morozovska, Anna N. Kalinin, Sergei V. Eliseev, Eugene A. Gopalan, Venkatraman Svechnikov, Sergei V. TI Interaction of a 180 degrees ferroelectric domain wall with a biased scanning probe microscopy tip: Effective wall geometry and thermodynamics in Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; NUCLEATION; MECHANISM; SURFACE; MOTION; FILMS AB The interaction of ferroelectric 180 degrees-domain wall with a strongly inhomogeneous electric field of biased scanning probe microscope tip is analyzed within continuous Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire theory. Equilibrium shape of the initially flat domain-wall boundary bends, attracts, or repulses from the probe apex, depending on the sign and value of the applied bias. For large tip-wall separations, the probe-induced domain nucleation is possible. The approximate analytical expressions for the polarization distribution are derived using direct variational method. The expressions provide insight into how the equilibrium polarization distribution depends on the wall finite width, correlation and depolarization effects, electrostatic potential distribution of the probe and ferroelectric material parameters. C1 [Morozovska, Anna N.; Svechnikov, Sergei V.] Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Eliseev, Eugene A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Gopalan, Venkatraman] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Morozovska, AN (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, 41 Pr Nauki, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM morozo@i.com.ua; sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0602986, DMR-0512165, DMR-0507146, DMR-0820404]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [CNMS2007-007, CNMS2008-283, CNMS2008-289, CNMS2008-133]; National Academy of Science of Ukraine [N 13-07, N 17-Ukr_a]; RFBR [N 08-02-90434]; Ministry of Science and Education of Ukraine [N GP/F26/042] FX S.V.K. gratefully acknowledges multiple discussions with A. K. Tagantsev (EPFL). This research (S.V.K.) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. V. G. wishes to gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation Grants No. DMR-0602986, No. DMR-0512165, No. DMR-0507146, and No. DMR-0820404 and CNMS2007-007, CNMS2008-283, CNMS2008-289 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A.N.M. and S. V. S. gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Academy of Science of Ukraine Grant No. N 13-07, joint Russian-Ukrainian grant NASU Grant No. N 17-Ukr_a (RFBR Grant No. N 08-02-90434), Ministry of Science and Education of Ukraine Grant No. N GP/F26/042, and CNMS2008-133 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 125407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.125407 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EH UT WOS:000259691500078 ER PT J AU Nemes, NM Garcia-Hernandez, M Velthuis, SGET Hoffmann, A Visani, C Garcia-Barriocanal, J Pena, V Arias, D Sefrioui, Z Leon, C Santamaria, J AF Nemes, N. M. Garcia-Hernandez, M. Velthuis, S. G. E. te Hoffmann, A. Visani, C. Garcia-Barriocanal, J. Pena, V. Arias, D. Sefrioui, Z. Leon, C. Santamaria, J. TI Origin of the inverse spin-switch behavior in manganite/cuprate/manganite trilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; FERROMAGNET; JUNCTIONS; IMBALANCE AB We studied ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet trilayers based on La(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3) manganite and YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) high-T(c) cuprate with magnetoresistance and magnetization measurements. We find an inverse superconducting spin-switch behavior, where superconductivity is favored for parallel alignment of the magnetization in the ferromagnetic layers. We argue that this inverse superconducting spin switch originates from the transmission of spin-polarized carriers into the superconductor. In this picture, the thickness dependence of the magnetoresistance yields the spin-diffusion length in YBCO as 13 nm. A comparison of bilayers and trilayers allows ruling out the effect of the stray fields of the domain structure of the ferromagnet as the source of the inverse superconducting spin switch. C1 [Nemes, N. M.; Visani, C.; Garcia-Barriocanal, J.; Pena, V.; Arias, D.; Sefrioui, Z.; Leon, C.; Santamaria, J.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Garcia-Hernandez, M.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Canto Blanco 28049, Spain. [Velthuis, S. G. E. te; Hoffmann, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nemes, NM (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM nmnemes@fis.ucm.es RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Nemes, Norbert Marcel/B-6275-2009; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/J-9520-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Nemes, Norbert Marcel/0000-0002-7856-3642; te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/0000-0002-5987-0647; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339 FU MAT [06024 C02 01-02]; Joint US-Spain World Materials Proposal [0709584]; MEC MAT [30922-E]; US-DOE BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; MICINN FX This work was supported by MAT 2005 under Contract No. 06024 C02 01-02, the Joint US-Spain World Materials Proposal (NSF MWN Proposal DMR Contract No. 0709584 and MEC MAT 2007 Contract No. 30922-E), and by the US-DOE BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. N.M.N. acknowledges the "Ramon y Cajal" contract of the MICINN. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094515 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700091 ER PT J AU Reznik, D Pintschovius, L Tranquada, JM Arai, M Endoh, Y Masui, T Tajima, S AF Reznik, D. Pintschovius, L. Tranquada, J. M. Arai, M. Endoh, Y. Masui, T. Tajima, S. TI Temperature dependence of the bond-stretching phonon anomaly in YBa2Cu3O6.95 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DISPERSION; STATE; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; FLUCTUATIONS; PSEUDOGAP; STRIPES AB We report the results of a detailed inelastic neutron-scattering study of renormalization of the bond-stretching phonons in optimally doped YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO). In agreement with previous work, this renormalization is strongest halfway to the zone boundary in the [010] direction where it manifests itself as a transfer of phonon spectral weight from similar to 60 to similar to 50 meV. Phonon renormalization begins on cooling from well above the superconducting transition temperature, T-c, but strongly accelerates at T-c. In contrast with the La2-xSrxCuO4 system, where a similar longitudinal phonon anomaly occurs, the anomaly in YBCO appears to extend in the transverse direction along the branch that connects the longitudinal mode at the in-plane wave vector q(in)= (0, 0.25) and the transverse bond-stretching mode at q(in)= (0.25, 0.25). Therefore, phonon renormalization in YBa2Cu3O6.95 seems to be consistent with a quasi-one-dimensional behavior. C1 [Reznik, D.; Pintschovius, L.] Inst Festkorperphys, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76121 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Reznik, D.] CE Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Arai, M.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Mat & Life Sci Div, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Endoh, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Masui, T.; Tajima, S.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Reznik, D (reprint author), Inst Festkorperphys, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76121 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 FU Office of Science, U. S.; Department of Energy [DE-AC0298CH10886] FX J.M.T. is supported at Brookhaven by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0298CH10886. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094507 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700083 ER PT J AU Rowlands, DA Zhang, XG Gonis, A AF Rowlands, D. A. Zhang, X. -G. Gonis, A. TI Reformulation of the nonlocal coherent-potential approximation as a unique reciprocal-space theory of disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL CLUSTER APPROXIMATION; ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; ALLOYS AB The nonlocal coherent-potential approximation (NLCPA) has recently been introduced for describing shortrange correlations in disordered systems, and has been used to study short-range-ordering effects in alloys. However, it has recently been shown to yield spurious and nonunique results for small cluster sizes used in the calculation (with such features gradually disappearing as the cluster size increases). In this paper we reformulate the NLCPA as a unique and systematic theory. The formalism is based upon averaging the (phase-dependent) Green's function over all possible choices of phase. As a consequence, a fully continuous self-energy and spectral function are obtained for all cluster sizes. We show that the previous formalism is a specific limiting case of the reformulation, and explicitly demonstrate the theory for a one-dimensional tight-binding model in order to compare with exact numerical results. C1 [Rowlands, D. A.; Gonis, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Zhang, X. -G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, X. -G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rowlands, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-367, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115119 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115119 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800046 ER PT J AU Sahrakorpi, S Markiewicz, RS Lin, H Lindroos, M Zhou, XJ Yoshida, T Yang, WL Kakeshita, T Eisaki, H Uchida, S Komiya, S Ando, Y Zhou, F Zhao, ZX Sasagawa, T Fujimori, A Hussain, Z Shen, ZX Bansil, A AF Sahrakorpi, S. Markiewicz, R. S. Lin, Hsin Lindroos, M. Zhou, X. J. Yoshida, T. Yang, W. L. Kakeshita, T. Eisaki, H. Uchida, S. Komiya, Seiki Ando, Yoichi Zhou, F. Zhao, Z. X. Sasagawa, T. Fujimori, A. Hussain, Z. Shen, Z. -X. Bansil, A. TI Appearance of universal metallic dispersion in a doped Mott insulator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOGAP; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We have investigated the dispersion renormalization Z(disp) in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4) over the wide doping range of x=0.03-0.30, for binding energies extending to several hundred meV's. Strong correlation effects conspire in such a way that the system exhibits a local-density-approximation-like dispersion which essentially "un-dresses" (Z(disp)-> 1) as the Mott insulator is approached. Our finding that the Mott insulator contains "nascent" or "preformed" metallic states with a vanishing spectral weight offers a challenge to existing theoretical scenarios for cuprates. C1 [Sahrakorpi, S.; Markiewicz, R. S.; Lin, Hsin; Lindroos, M.; Bansil, A.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lindroos, M.] Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Phys, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Zhou, X. J.; Yang, W. L.; Eisaki, H.; Sasagawa, T.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zhou, X. J.; Yang, W. L.; Eisaki, H.; Sasagawa, T.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zhou, X. J.; Yang, W. L.; Hussain, Z.; Shen, Z. -X.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yoshida, T.; Fujimori, A.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kakeshita, T.; Eisaki, H.; Uchida, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Komiya, Seiki] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. [Ando, Yoichi] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Zhou, F.; Zhao, Z. X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Sasagawa, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, MSL, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Sahrakorpi, S (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; Lin, Hsin/F-9568-2012 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696; Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; Lin, Hsin/0000-0002-4688-2315 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46352, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; DOE; Office of Science; Division of Materials Science [DE-FG03-01ER45929-A001]; MEXT, Japan; KAKENHI [16340112, 19674002] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, with Contracts No. DE-FG02-07ER46352 and No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and benefited from the allocation of supercomputer time at NERSC and Northeastern University's Advanced Scientific Computation Center (ASCC). The Stanford work was supported by DOE, Office of Science, Division of Materials Science, with Contract No. DE-FG03-01ER45929-A001. A. F. and S. U. acknowledge a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Priority Area "Invention of Anomalous Quantum Materials" from MEXT, Japan for financial support. Y.A. was supported by KAKENHI Grants No. 16340112 and No. 19674002. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104513 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400089 ER PT J AU Sau, JD Cohen, ML AF Sau, Jay D. Cohen, Marvin L. TI Possible electric-field-induced one-dimensional excitonic insulators in pairs of carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Recent experimental and theoretical works have shown that the Stark effect induced by the electric field from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can be used to reduce the gap of a boron nitride nanotube. In this paper, using density-functional theory calculations, we study the effect of an electric field on a pair of semiconducting carbon nanotubes and find that the application of an electric-field strength of 0.05 eV/angstrom can close the Kohn-Sham gap of the system. Using a tight-binding formulation of the GW and Bethe-Salpeter methods we determine the quasiparticle and optical excitation spectrum of the system in an electric field and show that an electric-field strength of 0.06 eV/angstrom fails to close the quasiparticle gap but closes the excitonic gap. This can cause a phase transition of the system into an excitonic phase where the ground state is populated with a quasi-one-dimensional repulsive gas of excitons. We discuss some of the properties of the resulting excitonic phase and the transition and also discuss how similar properties may be observed in experiments on nanotube bundles. C1 [Sau, Jay D.; Cohen, Marvin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sau, Jay D.; Cohen, Marvin L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sau, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jaydeep@socrates.berkeley.edu FU NSF [DMR0705941]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U. S. DOE [DE-AC0205CH11231]; NSF; SDSC, DOE at the NERSC, TACC, Indiana University. FX This work was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR0705941 and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231. Computational resources have been provided by the NSF through TeraGrid resources at SDSC, DOE at the NERSC, TACC, Indiana University. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115436 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115436 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800118 ER PT J AU Schmitt, F Lee, WS Lu, DH Meevasana, W Motoyama, E Greven, M Shen, ZX AF Schmitt, F. Lee, W. S. Lu, D. -H. Meevasana, W. Motoyama, E. Greven, M. Shen, Z. -X. TI Analysis of the spectral function of Nd(1.85)Ce(0.15)CuO(4) obtained by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE AB Samples of Nd(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4), an electron-doped high-temperature superconducting cuprate, near optimal doping at x=0.155 were measured via angle-resolved photoemission. We report a renormalization feature in the self-energy ("kink") in the band dispersion at approximate to 50-60 meV present in nodal and antinodal cuts across the Fermi surface. Specifically, while the kink had been seen in the antinodal region, it is now observed also in the nodal region, reminiscent of what has been observed in hole-doped cuprates. C1 [Schmitt, F.; Lee, W. S.; Motoyama, E.; Greven, M.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lu, D. -H.; Greven, M.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Meevasana, W.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Schmitt, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU DOE Office of Science; Division of Materials Science [DE-FG03-01ER45929-A001, DE-AC02-76SF00515]; NSF [DMR-0604701, DMR-0705086] FX The authors are indebted to C. Kim, P. Armitage, T. Devereaux, B. Moritz, and S. Johnston for enlightening discussions. The SSRL/Stanford work was supported by DOE Office of Science, Division of Materials Science, with Contracts No. DE-FG03-01ER45929-A001 and No. DE-AC02-76SF00515, and NSF Grants No. DMR-0604701 and No. DMR-0705086. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 100505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.100505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400015 ER PT J AU Sefat, AS Huq, A McGuire, MA Jin, RY Sales, BC Mandrus, D Cranswick, LMD Stephens, PW Stone, KH AF Sefat, Athena S. Huq, Ashfia McGuire, Michael A. Jin, Rongying Sales, Brian C. Mandrus, David Cranswick, Lachlan M. D. Stephens, Peter W. Stone, Kevin H. TI Superconductivity in LaFe(1-x)Co(x)AsO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ZRCUSIAS TYPE-STRUCTURE; METAL AB Here we report the synthesis and basic characterization of LaFe(1-x)Co(x)AsO for several values of x. The parent phase LaFeAsO orders antiferromagnetically (T(N)approximate to 145 K). Replacing Fe with Co is expected both to electron dope and introduce disorder in the FeAs layer. For x=0.05 antiferromagnetic order is destroyed and superconductivity is observed at T(c)(onset)=11.2 K. For x=0.11 superconductivity is observed at T(c)(onset)=14.3 K and for x=0.15 it is observed at T(c)(onset)=6.0 K. For x=1, and the material appears to be ferromagnetic as judged by magnetization measurements. We conclude that Co is an effective dopant to induce superconductivity. Somewhat surprisingly, the system appears to tolerate considerable disorder in the FeAs planes. C1 [Sefat, Athena S.; McGuire, Michael A.; Jin, Rongying; Sales, Brian C.; Mandrus, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huq, Ashfia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cranswick, Lachlan M. D.] CNR, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Stephens, Peter W.; Stone, Kevin H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Sefat, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013; Stone, Kevin/N-9311-2016; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649; Stone, Kevin/0000-0003-1387-1510; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy FX We would like to thank D. J. Singh for helpful discussions. The research at ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the U.S. Department of Energy. L.M.D.C. would like to thank CNBC NRC technicians, R. Sammon, D. Dean, and T. Dodd for the setup of the closed cycle refrigeration system used for the neutron-diffraction measurements. NR 43 TC 240 Z9 246 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104505 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400081 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, D. J. TI Electronic structure and doping in BaFe(2)As(2) and LiFeAs: Density functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We report density functional calculations of the electronic structure and Fermi surface of the BaFe(2)As(2) and LiFeAs phases including doping via the virtual-crystal approximation. The results show that contrary to a rigid-band picture, the density of states at the Fermi energy is only weakly doping dependent and that the main effect of doping is a change in the relative sizes of the electron and hole Fermi surfaces as required by Luttinger's theory. This is partly a consequence of a change in As height with doping, in particular a shift of As toward Fe as holes are introduced in the Fe plane, as might be expected from simple ionic considerations. The main effect of doping is therefore a reduction in the degree of nesting of the Fermi surface. This provides a framework for understanding the approximate electron-hole symmetry in the phase diagrams of the Fe-As based superconductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 FU Department of Energy; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX We are grateful for helpful discussions with I.I. Mazin, M.H. Du, D.G. Mandrus, and B.C. Sales. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 36 TC 340 Z9 341 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094511 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700087 ER PT J AU Singh, Y Lee, Y Nandi, S Kreyssig, A Ellern, A Das, S Nath, R Harmon, BN Goldman, AI Johnston, DC AF Singh, Yogesh Lee, Y. Nandi, S. Kreyssig, A. Ellern, A. Das, S. Nath, R. Harmon, B. N. Goldman, A. I. Johnston, D. C. TI Single-crystal growth and physical properties of the layered arsenide BaRh2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Single crystals of BaRh2As2 have been synthesized from a Pb flux. We present the room-temperature crystal structure, single-crystal x-ray diffraction measurements as a function of temperature T, anisotropic magnetic susceptibility chi versus T, electrical resistivity in the ab plane rho versus T, Hall coefficient versus T and magnetic field H, and heat capacity C versus T measurements on the crystals. The single-crystal structure determination confirms that BaRh2As2 forms in the tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure (space group I4/mmm) with lattice parameters a=b=4.0564(6) angstrom and c=12.797(4) angstrom. Band-structure calculations show that BaRh2As2 should be metallic with a small density of states at the Fermi energy N(E-F)=3.49 states/eV f.u. (where f.u. equivalent to formula unit) for both spin directions. rho(T) data in the ab plane confirm that the material is indeed metallic with a residual resistivity rho(2 K)=29 mu Omega cm and with a residual resistivity ratio rho(310 K)/rho(2 K)=5.3. The observed chi(T) is small (similar to 10(-5) cm(3)/mol) and weakly anisotropic with chi(ab)/chi(c)approximate to 2. The C(T) data indicate a small density of states at the Fermi energy with the low-temperature Sommerfeld coefficient gamma=4.7(9) mJ/mol K-2. There are no indications of superconductivity, spin-density wave, or structural transitions between 2 and 300 K. We compare the calculated density of states versus energy of BaRh2As2 with that of BaFe2As2. C1 [Singh, Yogesh; Lee, Y.; Nandi, S.; Kreyssig, A.; Das, S.; Nath, R.; Harmon, B. N.; Goldman, A. I.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singh, Yogesh; Lee, Y.; Nandi, S.; Kreyssig, A.; Das, S.; Nath, R.; Harmon, B. N.; Goldman, A. I.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ellern, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singh, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Nath, Ramesh/C-9345-2011; singh, yogesh/F-7160-2016 FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We thank P. C. Canfield for the assistance with decanting the flux from the crystals. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104512 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400088 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Ruden, PP AF Smith, D. L. Ruden, P. P. TI Spin-polarized tunneling through potential barriers at ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor Schottky contacts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; INJECTION; TRANSPORT; METAL AB A model for electron tunneling through a space-charge induced potential barrier at a semiconductor/ferromagnetic metal Schottky contact is developed and applied to the exploration of the bias dependence of the spin-polarized tunneling current. It is found that significant bias dependence of the spin polarization of the current can result from changes in the shape of the potential barrier due to the applied voltage. Specifically, we show that the dependence of the transmission coefficient on the shape of the barrier potential can lead to a nonmonotonic bias dependence of the spin current and may result in a reversal of the sign of the spin-current polarization at small voltages. Numerical results are presented for GaAs/Fe Schottky contacts. C1 [Smith, D. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ruden, P. P.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU LANL; DOE; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [08SCPE973] FX P. P. R. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The work at LANL was supported in part by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Work Proposal No. 08SCPE973. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 125202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.125202 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EH UT WOS:000259691500035 ER PT J AU Smith, RX Hoch, MJR Kuhns, PL Moulton, WG Reyes, AP Boebinger, GS Mitchell, J Leighton, C AF Smith, R. X. Hoch, M. J. R. Kuhns, P. L. Moulton, W. G. Reyes, A. P. Boebinger, G. S. Mitchell, J. Leighton, C. TI Spin polarons in La(1-x)Sr(x)CoO(3) single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE EXCHANGE; 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-0.5; MANGANITES AB Nanoscale inhomogeneity in La(1-x)Sr(x)CoO(3) has been investigated in single-crystal samples for 0.05 <= x <= 0.30 using (139)La and (59)Co NMR to probe local magnetization. In contrast to polycrystalline samples, single crystals exhibit ferromagnetism only above the metal-insulator critical concentration x(C) = 0.17. However, over the entire doping range, the single crystals exhibit an unusually broad and asymmetric distribution of hyperfine fields, evidencing (local) spin-polaron formation that persists to temperatures as high as 200 K, well above the glass transition reported previously from bulk magnetization. Above xC the asymmetry decreases rapidly with increasing doping as polarons overlap to give rise to long-range ferromagnetism. A modified phase diagram is presented. The key features of the data are reproduced by a simple model in which Sr dopants trigger spin-polaron formation, a physical picture first proposed by de Gennes [Phys. Rev. 118, 141 (1960)]. C1 [Smith, R. X.; Hoch, M. J. R.; Kuhns, P. L.; Moulton, W. G.; Reyes, A. P.; Boebinger, G. S.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Mitchell, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Smith, RX (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0234125]; State of Florida; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46275]; NSF 05099666 [05099666] FX Financial support by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0234125 and by the State of Florida is gratefully acknowledged. Work at UMN was supported by DOE (Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER46275) and NSF (Grant No. DMR 05099666). We thank S. von Molnar and P. B. Littlewood for their helpful polarizing discussions. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 092201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.092201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700009 ER PT J AU Torikaohvili, MS Bud'ko, SL Ni, N Canfield, PC AF Torikaohvili, M. S. Bud'ko, S. L. Ni, N. Canfield, P. C. TI Effect of pressure on the structural phase transition and superconductivity in (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2 (x=0 and 0.45) and SrFe2As2 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 43 K; DEPENDENCE AB The effects of pressure up to similar to 20 kbar on the structural phase transition of SrFe2As2 and lightly Sn-doped BaFe2As2 as well as on the superconducting transition temperature and upper critical field of (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2 single crystals have been studied. All the transition temperatures decrease with pressure in an almost linear fashion. Under pressure, the upper critical-field curve H-c2(T) for (Ba0.55K0.45)Fe2As2 shifts down in temperature to follow the zero-field T-c with very little change in slope. Composite P-T phase diagrams for three parent compounds AFe(2)As(2) (A = Ba,Sr,Ca) are constructed and appear to be remarkably similar: (i) having a structural (antiferromagnetic) phase-transition line with a negative slope and (ii) showing signs of the emerging superconducting state at intermediate pressures. C1 [Torikaohvili, M. S.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Torikaohvili, MS (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 FU U. S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0306165, DMR-0805335] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. M. S. T. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Contracts No. DMR-0306165 and No. DMR-0805335. S. L. B. thanks Starik Kozlodoyev for relevant insights. NR 24 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104527 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400103 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Kalfagiannis, N Logothetidis, S Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Kalfagiannis, N. Logothetidis, S. Pantelides, S. T. TI Trapping and release of impurities in TiN: A first-principles study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; TITANIUM NITRIDE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THERMAL-STABILITY; ION-BEAM; COATINGS AB Films of titanium nitride, a prototype refractory material, typically contain a sizeable amount of impurities that are known to affect the properties of the host crystal. Here, we use first-principles calculations to identify the atomic-scale mechanisms that control the presence of the most common impurities (O, H, C, Ar, and He) in TiN. We identify the role of N vacancy sites as very efficient trapping centers, but we also show that the interaction between trapped species and N interstitials can lead either to impurity release or the formation of stable defect complexes. The results explain the fundamentals of key processes in the preparation of TiN films such as postgrowth impurity removal through nitridation or thermal desorption. We also present results on the effect of impurities on the electronic properties of TiN and on local vibrational modes around extrinsic species. We describe the bonding topology in the vicinity of impurities using the electron localization function and we discuss the relevance of our findings for physical traits of TiN films. C1 [Tsetseris, L.; Kalfagiannis, N.; Logothetidis, S.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Tsetseris, L.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 56 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094111 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700036 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Pantelides, S. T. TI Large impurity effects in rubrene crystals: First-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRANSISTORS; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; ENERGY AB Carrier mobilities of rubrene films are among the highest values reported for any organic semiconductor. Here, we probe with first-principles calculations the sensitivity of rubrene crystals on impurities. We find that isolated oxygen impurities create distinct peaks in the electronic density of states consistent with observations of defect levels in rubrene and that increased O content changes the position and shape of rubrene energy bands significantly. We also establish a dual role of hydrogen as individual H species and H impurity pairs create and annihilate deep carrier traps, respectively. The results are relevant to the performance and reliability of rubrene-based devices. C1 [Tsetseris, L.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Tsetseris, L.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 58 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115205 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800055 ER PT J AU Tsunoda, Y Hao, L Shimomura, S Ye, F Robertson, JL Fernandez-Baca, J AF Tsunoda, Y. Hao, L. Shimomura, S. Ye, F. Robertson, J. L. Fernandez-Baca, J. TI Elastic diffuse scattering of neutrons in FeNi Invar alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ITINERANT ELECTRON FERROMAGNETISM; GAMMA-FE; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; CU; ORIGIN AB Elastic diffuse scattering of neutrons was found around various Bragg-peak positions in FeNi Invar alloys. The diffuse scattering intensities depend on the temperature and Ni concentration. The intensities increase with decreasing temperature and decrease with increasing Ni concentration. The distribution of diffuse scattering intensity changes from peak to peak and is well explained by the formation of clusters with a lattice deformation consisting of a shear wave propagating along the < 1 1 0 > direction and with the < 1 - 1 0 > polarization vector. The ranges of temperature and Ni concentration, for which diffuse scattering is observed, coincide with those for which the Invar anomalies are observable. The origin of the clusters together with the lattice deformation and their role with regard to the Invar effects are discussed as well as the possibility of a precursor for the fcc-bcc martensitic transformation observed in FeNi alloys. C1 [Tsunoda, Y.; Hao, L.] Waseda Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Shimomura, S.] Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Kohoku Ku, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. [Ye, F.; Robertson, J. L.; Fernandez-Baca, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsunoda, Y (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. RI Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014 OI Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX Y.T. expresses thanks to Waseda University for a chance of leaving research at ORNL with a grant and to Prof. N. Wakabayashi in Keio University for the fruitful discussions. The work at the High Flux Isotope reactor was partially supported by the Division of Scientific of User Facilities of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094105 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700030 ER PT J AU Wagner, KE Morosan, E Hor, YS Tao, J Zhu, Y Sanders, T McQueen, TM Zandbergen, HW Williams, AJ West, DV Cava, RJ AF Wagner, K. E. Morosan, E. Hor, Y. S. Tao, J. Zhu, Y. Sanders, T. McQueen, T. M. Zandbergen, H. W. Williams, A. J. West, D. V. Cava, R. J. TI Tuning the charge density wave and superconductivity in CuxTaS2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; 2H-TAS2; CHALCOGENIDES; MECHANISM; MODEL AB We report the characterization of layered 2H-type CuxTaS2 for 0 <= x <= 0.12. The charge density wave (CDW), at 70 K for TaS2, is destabilized with Cu doping. The sub-1 K superconducting transition in undoped 2H-TaS2 jumps quickly to 2.5 K at low x, increases to 4.5 K at the optimal composition Cu0.04TaS2, and then decreases at higher x. The electronic contribution to the specific heat, first increasing and then decreasing as a function of Cu content, is 12 mJ mol(-1) K-2 at Cu0.04TaS2. Electron-diffraction studies show that the CDW remains present at the optimal superconducting composition but with both a changed q vector and decreased coherence length. We present an electronic phase diagram for the system. C1 [Wagner, K. E.; Hor, Y. S.; McQueen, T. M.; Williams, A. J.; West, D. V.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Morosan, E.; Sanders, T.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77255 USA. [Tao, J.; Zhu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zandbergen, H. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, Natl Ctr HREM, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RP Wagner, KE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-98ER45706]; U.S. DOE/BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Rice University; NSF Graduate Research Foundation Program FX The work at Princeton was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45706. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. DOE/BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. E. M. acknowledges support from Rice University. T.M.M. acknowledges the support of the NSF Graduate Research Foundation Program NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104520 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400096 ER PT J AU Wen, H Wiczer, M Lindenberg, AM AF Wen, H. Wiczer, M. Lindenberg, A. M. TI Ultrafast electron cascades in semiconductors driven by intense femtosecond terahertz pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IMPACT IONIZATION; LASER-PULSES; GENERATION; INSB; AIR; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; SILICON; FIELDS; RATES AB An ultrafast terahertz (THz) source has been employed to study the nonlinear response of semiconductors to near-half-cycle femtosecond pulses in the THz regime. We report nonlinear absorption and self-phase modulation of the THz pulses associated with ultrafast impact ionization processes and the development of an electron cascade on femtosecond time scales by THz pump-THz probe measurements. C1 [Wen, H.; Lindenberg, A. M.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Inst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lindenberg, A. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wiczer, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wen, H (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Inst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI WEN, HAIDAN/B-5258-2009 FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences; Stanford PULSE (Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering) Institute FX This work is supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, through the Stanford PULSE (Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering) Institute. We thank R. W. Falcone for initial discussions related to this work and R. W. Schoenlein for the use of his bolometer. NR 36 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 12 AR 125203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.125203 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EH UT WOS:000259691500036 ER PT J AU Yang, SY Yoon, M Hicke, C Zhang, ZY Wang, E AF Yang, Shenyuan Yoon, Mina Hicke, Christian Zhang, Zhenyu Wang, Enge TI Electron transfer and localization in endohedral metallofullerenes: Ab initio density functional theory calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; TOTAL-ENERGY; CARBON; LA; FULLERENES; LA-AT-C-82; SC-AT-C-82; LANTHANUM; STATES; C-82 AB Endohedral metallofullerenes constitute an appealing class of nanoscale building blocks for fabrication of a wide range of materials. One open question of fundamental importance is the precise nature of charge redistribution within the carbon cages (C(n)) upon metal encapsulation. Using ab initio density functional theory, we systematically study the electronic structure of metallofullerenes, focusing on the spatial charge redistribution. For large metallofullerenes (n > 32), the valence electrons of the metal atoms are all transferred to the fullerene states. Surprisingly, the transferred charge is found to be highly localized inside the cage near the metal cations rather than uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the carbon cage as traditionally believed. This counterintuitive charge localization picture is attributed to the strong metal-cage interactions within the systems. These findings may prove to be instrumental in the design of fullerene-based functional nanomaterials. C1 [Yang, Shenyuan; Wang, Enge] Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yang, Shenyuan; Wang, Enge] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yang, Shenyuan; Yoon, Mina; Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yang, Shenyuan; Yoon, Mina; Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hicke, Christian] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Yang, SY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RI Yoon, Mina/A-1965-2016 OI Yoon, Mina/0000-0002-1317-3301 FU U. S. DOE [DEFG0205ER46209]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. NSF [DMR-0606485]; NSF of China; DOE NERSC and ORNL's Center for Computational Sciences. FX This work was supported by the U. S. DOE (Grant No. DEFG0205ER46209, and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences) and supplemented by the U.S. NSF (Grant No. DMR-0606485) and NSF of China. The calculations were performed at DOE NERSC and ORNL's Center for Computational Sciences. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115435 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800117 ER PT J AU Arnaboldi, C Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, JW Bellini, F Brofferio, C Bucci, C Capelli, S Carbone, L Cebrian, S Clemenza, M Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ de Waard, A Di Domizio, S Dolinski, MJ Farach, HA Fiorini, E Frossati, G Giachero, A Giuliani, A Gorla, P Guardincerri, E Gutierrez, TD Haller, EE Maruyama, RH McDonald, RJ Nisi, S Nones, C Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Olivieri, E Pallavicini, M Palmieri, E Pasca, E Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Risegari, L Rosenfeld, C Sangiorgio, S Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Ventura, G Vignati, M AF Arnaboldi, C. Artusa, D. R. Avignone, F. T., III Balata, M. Bandac, I. Barucci, M. Beeman, J. W. Bellini, F. Brofferio, C. Bucci, C. Capelli, S. Carbone, L. Cebrian, S. Clemenza, M. Cremonesi, O. Creswick, R. J. de Waard, A. Di Domizio, S. Dolinski, M. J. Farach, H. A. Fiorini, E. Frossati, G. Giachero, A. Giuliani, A. Gorla, P. Guardincerri, E. Gutierrez, T. D. Haller, E. E. Maruyama, R. H. McDonald, R. J. Nisi, S. Nones, C. Norman, E. B. Nucciotti, A. Olivieri, E. Pallavicini, M. Palmieri, E. Pasca, E. Pavan, M. Pedretti, M. Pessina, G. Pirro, S. Previtali, E. Risegari, L. Rosenfeld, C. Sangiorgio, S. Sisti, M. Smith, A. R. Torres, L. Ventura, G. Vignati, M. TI Results from a search for the 0 v beta beta-decay of Te-130 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; NUCLEAR-MATRIX ELEMENTS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; GRAN-SASSO 1990-2003; NEUTRINO MASS; PARTICLE PHYSICS; GE-76; CUORICINO; UNCERTAINTIES AB A detailed description of the CUORICINO Te-130 neutrinoless double-beta (0 v beta beta) decay experiment is given and recent results are reported. CUORICINO is an array of 62 tellurium oxide (TeO2) bolometers with an active mass of 40.7 kg. It is cooled to similar to 8-10 mK by a dilution refrigerator shielded from environmental radioactivity and eneergetic neutrons. It is running in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Assergi, Italy. These data represent an exposure of 11.83 kg yr or 91 mole-years of Te-130. No evidence for 0 v beta beta-decay was observed and a limit of T-1/2(0v)(Te-130) >= 3.1 x 10(24) y (90% CL) is set. This corresponds to an upper limit on the effective mass, (m(v)), between 0.19 and 0.68 eV when analyzed with the many published nuclear structure calculations. In the context of these nuclear models, the values fall within the range corresponding to the claim of evidence of 0v beta beta-decay by H.V. Klapdor-kleingrothaus et al. The experiment continues to acquire data. C1 [Artusa, D. R.; Avignone, F. T., III; Bandac, I.; Creswick, R. J.; Farach, H. A.; Rosenfeld, C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Arnaboldi, C.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Clemenza, M.; Fiorini, E.; Nucciotti, A.; Pavan, M.; Sisti, M.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Arnaboldi, C.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Carbone, L.; Clemenza, M.; Cremonesi, O.; Fiorini, E.; Giuliani, A.; Nones, C.; Nucciotti, A.; Pavan, M.; Pedretti, M.; Pessina, G.; Pirro, S.; Previtali, E.; Sisti, M.] Sez INFN Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Balata, M.; Bucci, C.; Giachero, A.; Gorla, P.; Nisi, S.] INFN Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Barucci, M.; Olivieri, E.; Pasca, E.; Risegari, L.; Ventura, G.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Barucci, M.; Olivieri, E.; Pasca, E.; Risegari, L.; Ventura, G.] Sez INFN Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Beeman, J. W.; Guardincerri, E.; Haller, E. E.; McDonald, R. J.; Smith, A. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cebrian, S.; Torres, L.] Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Atlas Energias, E-50001 Zaragoza, Spain. [de Waard, A.; Frossati, G.] Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RAQ Leiden, Netherlands. [Di Domizio, S.; Pallavicini, M.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Di Domizio, S.; Pallavicini, M.] Sez INFN Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Giuliani, A.; Nones, C.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dolinski, M. J.; Norman, E. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Dolinski, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Palmieri, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Padua, Italy. [Bellini, F.; Vignati, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bellini, F.; Vignati, M.] Sez INFN Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Gutierrez, T. D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Maruyama, R. H.; Sangiorgio, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Norman, E. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Avignone, FT (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Gorla, Paolo/B-5243-2014; Sangiorgio, Samuele/F-4389-2014; Di Domizio, Sergio/L-6378-2014; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; Vignati, Marco/H-1684-2013 OI capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Sangiorgio, Samuele/0000-0002-4792-7802; Di Domizio, Sergio/0000-0003-2863-5895; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; Vignati, Marco/0000-0002-8945-1128 FU Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Commission of the European Community [HPRN-CT-2002-00322]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76-SF00098, DOE W-7405-Eng-48]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0139294, PHY-0500337] FX The CUORICINO Collaboration owes many thanks to the Directors and Staff of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso over the years of the development, construction and operation of CUORICINO, and to the technical staffs of our Laboratories. The experiment was supported by the Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the Commission of the European Community under Contract No. HPRN-CT-2002-00322, by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76-SF00098, and DOE W-7405-Eng-48, and by the National Science Foundation Grant Nos. PHY-0139294 and PHY-0500337. We also wish to thank the following colleagues for their help and advice: Juoni Suhonen, Osvaldo Civiterese, Petr Vogel, Amand Faessler. Vadim Rodin, and Fedor Simkovic, and Fernando Ferroni. NR 109 TC 206 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 035502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.035502 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300075 ER PT J AU Blackston, MA Ahmed, MA Perdue, BA Weller, HR Bewer, B Pywell, RE Wurtz, WA Igarashi, R Kucuker, S Norum, B Wang, K Li, J Mikhailov, SF Popov, VG Wu, YK Sawatzky, BD AF Blackston, M. A. Ahmed, M. A. Perdue, B. A. Weller, H. R. Bewer, B. Pywell, R. E. Wurtz, W. A. Igarashi, R. Kucuker, S. Norum, B. Wang, K. Li, J. Mikhailov, S. F. Popov, V. G. Wu, Y. K. Sawatzky, B. D. TI First observation of the splittings of the E1 p-wave amplitudes in low energy deuteron photodisintegration and its implications for the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule integrand SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; POLARIZED PHOTONS; MAGNETIC MOMENTS AB Angular distributions of the cross section and linear analyzing powers have been measured for the d((gamma) over right arrow, n)p reaction at the High Intensity gamma-ray Source with linearly polarized beams of 14 and 16 MeV. The outgoing neutrons were detected using the Blowfish detector array, consisting of 88 liquid scintillator detectors with large solid angle coverage. The amplitudes of the reduced transition matrix elements were extracted by means of fits to the data and good agreement was found with a recent potential model calculation of the splittings of the triplet p-wave amplitudes. The extracted amplitudes are used to reconstruct the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule integrand for the deuteron and are compared to theory. C1 [Blackston, M. A.; Ahmed, M. A.; Perdue, B. A.; Weller, H. R.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC USA. [Blackston, M. A.; Ahmed, M. A.; Perdue, B. A.; Weller, H. R.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Raleigh, NC USA. [Bewer, B.; Pywell, R. E.; Wurtz, W. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Kucuker, S.; Norum, B.; Wang, K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Li, J.; Mikhailov, S. F.; Popov, V. G.; Wu, Y. K.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Duke Free Elect Laser Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Sawatzky, B. D.] Temple Univ, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Blackston, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. OI Blackston, Matthew/0000-0003-2096-0108 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-97ER41033] FX We thank M. Schwamb for providing the SAPM calculation and for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under no. DE-FG02-97ER41033. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034003 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300012 ER PT J AU Fries, RJ Muller, B Schafer, A AF Fries, Rainer J. Mueller, Berndt Schaefer, Andreas TI Stress tensor and bulk viscosity in relativistic nuclear collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; THERMAL EQUILIBRATION; PION INTERFEROMETRY; THERMODYNAMICS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB We discuss the influence of different initial conditions for the stress tensor and the effect of bulk viscosity on the expansion and cooling of the fireball created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In particular, we explore the evolution of longitudinal and transverse components of the pressure and the extent of dissipative entropy production in the one-dimensional, boost-invariant hydrodynamic model. We find that a bulk viscosity consistent with recent estimates from lattice QCD further slows the equilibration of the system; however, it does not significantly increase the entropy produced. C1 [Fries, Rainer J.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fries, Rainer J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fries, Rainer J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fries, Rainer J.; Mueller, Berndt; Schaefer, Andreas] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Mueller, Berndt] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Schaefer, Andreas] Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. RP Fries, RJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER41367, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; RIKEN-BNL Research Center; Texas A&M College of Science; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung FX We thank the members of the Yukawa Institute of Theoretical Physics for their hospitality during the YIPQS Molecule "Entropy Production Before QGP." R.J.F. would like to thank P. Huovinen for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy (Grants DE-FG02-05ER41367, DE-AC02-98CH10886), the RIKEN-BNL Research Center, the Texas A&M College of Science, and the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung. NR 46 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034913 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034913 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300060 ER PT J AU Gates, JM Nelson, SL Gregorich, KE Dragojevic, I Dullmann, CE Ellison, PA Folden, CM Garcia, MA Stavsetra, L Sudowe, R Hoffman, DC Nitsche, H AF Gates, J. M. Nelson, S. L. Gregorich, K. E. Dragojevic, I. Dullmann, Ch. E. Ellison, P. A. Folden, C. M., III Garcia, M. A. Stavsetra, L. Sudowe, R. Hoffman, D. C. Nitsche, H. TI Comparison of reactions for the production of (258,257)Db : Pb-208(V-51, xn) and Bi-209(Ti-50, xn) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DECAY PROPERTIES; ELEMENTS AB Excitation functions for the 1n and 2n exit channels of the Pb-208(V-51, xn)(259-x)Db reaction were measured. A maximum cross section of the 1n exit channel of 2070(-760)(+1100) pb was measured at an excitation energy of 16.0 +/- 1.8 MeV. For the 2n exit channel, a maximum cross section of 1660(-370)(+450) pb was measured at 22.0 +/- 1.8 MeV excitation energy. The 1n excitation function for the Bi-209(Ti-50, n)(258)Db reaction was remeasured, resulting in a cross section of 5480(-1370)(+1730) pb at an excitation energy of 16.0 +/- 1.6 MeV, in agreement with previous values [F. P. Hessberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 12, 57 (2001)]. Differences in cross section maxima are discussed in terms of the fusion probability below the barrier. C1 [Gates, J. M.; Nelson, S. L.; Gregorich, K. E.; Dragojevic, I.; Dullmann, Ch. E.; Ellison, P. A.; Folden, C. M., III; Garcia, M. A.; Stavsetra, L.; Sudowe, R.; Hoffman, D. C.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gates, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Folden, Charles/F-1033-2015 OI Folden, Charles/0000-0002-2814-3762 FU Director, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics; Nuclear Physics Division of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX We gratefully acknowledge the operations staff of the 88-Inch Cyclotron for providing the intense beams of 51V and 50Ti. Financial support was provided by the Director, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Physics Division of the U. S. Department of Energy, under contracts DE-AC0205CH11231 and DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034604 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300036 ER PT J AU Jandel, M Bredeweg, TA Bond, EM Chadwick, MB Clement, RR Couture, A O'Donnell, JM Haight, RC Kawano, T Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wilhelmy, JB Wouters, JM Agvaanluvsan, U Parker, WE Wu, CY Becker, JA AF Jandel, M. Bredeweg, T. A. Bond, E. M. Chadwick, M. B. Clement, R. R. Couture, A. O'Donnell, J. M. Haight, R. C. Kawano, T. Reifarth, R. Rundberg, R. S. Ullmann, J. L. Vieira, D. J. Wilhelmy, J. B. Wouters, J. M. Agvaanluvsan, U. Parker, W. E. Wu, C. Y. Becker, J. A. TI Neutron capture cross section of (241)Am SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-LEVEL DENSITIES; BARIUM FLUORIDE; DATA LIBRARY; DANCE ARRAY; GAMMA-RAY; DETECTOR; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The neutron capture cross section of (241)Am for incident neutrons from 0.02 eV to 320 keV has been measured with the detector for advanced neutron capture experiments (DANCE) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The thermal neutron capture cross section was determined to be 665 +/- 33 b. Our result is in good agreement with other recent measurements. Resonance parameters for E(n) < 12 eV were obtained using an R-matrix fit to the measured cross section. The results are compared with values from the ENDF/B-VII.0, Mughabghab, JENDL-3.3, and JEFF-3.1 evaluations. Gamma(n) neutron widths for the first three resonances are systematically larger by 5-15% than the ENDF/B-VII.0 values. The resonance integral above 0.5 eV was determined to be 1553 +/- 7 b. Cross sections in the resolved and unresolved energy regions above 12 eV were calculated using the Hauser-Feshbach theory incorporating the width-fluctuation correction of Moldauer. The calculated results agree well with the measured data, and the extracted averaged resonance parameters in the unresolved resonance region are consistent with those for the resolved resonances. C1 [Jandel, M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Bond, E. M.; Chadwick, M. B.; Clement, R. R.; Couture, A.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Haight, R. C.; Kawano, T.; Reifarth, R.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.; Vieira, D. J.; Wilhelmy, J. B.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Agvaanluvsan, U.; Parker, W. E.; Wu, C. Y.; Becker, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jandel, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mjandel@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034609 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300041 ER PT J AU Johnston-Theasby, F Afanasjev, AV Andreoiu, C Austin, RAE Carpenter, MP Dashdorj, D Freeman, SJ Garrett, PE Greene, J Gorgen, A Jenkins, DG Joshi, P Macchiavelli, AO Moore, F Mukherjee, G Reviol, W Sarantites, D Seweryniak, D Smith, MB Svensson, CE Valiente-Dobon, JJ Wadsworth, R Ward, D AF Johnston-Theasby, F. Afanasjev, A. V. Andreoiu, C. Austin, R. A. E. Carpenter, M. P. Dashdorj, D. Freeman, S. J. Garrett, P. E. Greene, J. Gorgen, A. Jenkins, D. G. Joshi, P. Macchiavelli, A. O. Moore, F. Mukherjee, G. Reviol, W. Sarantites, D. Seweryniak, D. Smith, M. B. Svensson, C. E. Valiente-Dobon, J. J. Wadsworth, R. Ward, D. TI Deformation of rotational structures in (73)Kr and (74)Rb: Probing the additivity principle at triaxial shapes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARTICLE MOTION; SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; HIGH-SPIN; TERMINATING BANDS; MASS REGION; NUCLEI; COLLECTIVITY; GAMMASPHERE AB Lifetimes have been deduced in the intermediate/high-spin range for the three known rotational bands in (73)Kr and the T = 0 band in (74)Rb using the residual Doppler shift method. This has enabled relative transition quadrupole moments to be studied for the first time in triaxial nuclei as a function of spin. The data suggest that the additivity principle for transition quadrupole moments is violated, a result that is in disagreement with predictions from cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky and cranked relativistic mean-field theory calculations. The reasons for the discrepancy are not understood but may indicate that important correlations are missing from the models. C1 [Johnston-Theasby, F.; Jenkins, D. G.; Joshi, P.; Wadsworth, R.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Afanasjev, A. V.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Afanasjev, A. V.] Latvian State Univ, Inst Solid State Phys, Lab Radiat Phys, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia. [Andreoiu, C.; Svensson, C. E.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Austin, R. A. E.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Carpenter, M. P.; Greene, J.; Moore, F.; Mukherjee, G.; Seweryniak, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dashdorj, D.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Freeman, S. J.] Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M15 9PL, Lancs, England. [Garrett, P. E.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Gorgen, A.] CEA Saclay, IRFU Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Macchiavelli, A. O.; Ward, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reviol, W.; Sarantites, D.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Valiente-Dobon, J. J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. RP Johnston-Theasby, F (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER41459, DE-FG-07ER41459, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-88ER40406]; Swedish Research Council for Higher Education; Research and the Swedish Research Council FX This research was partially supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-07ER41459, DE-FG-07ER41459, DE-AC02-06CH11357, and DE-FG02-88ER40406. CA acknowledges the support offered by the Swedish Research Council for Higher Education and Research and the Swedish Research Council. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034312 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300025 ER PT J AU Lippincott, WH Coakley, KJ Gastler, D Hime, A Kearns, E McKinsey, DN Nikkel, JA Stonehill, LC AF Lippincott, W. H. Coakley, K. J. Gastler, D. Hime, A. Kearns, E. McKinsey, D. N. Nikkel, J. A. Stonehill, L. C. TI Scintillation time dependence and pulse shape discrimination in liquid argon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER SEARCH; XENON; PARTICLES; DETECTOR; RECOILS; DECAY AB Using a single-phase liquid argon detector with a signal yield of 4.85 photoelectrons per keV of electronic-equivalent recoil energy (keVee), we measure the scintillation time dependence of both electronic and nuclear recoils in liquid argon down to 5 keVee. We develop two methods of pulse shape discrimination to distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils. Using one of these methods, we measure a background-and statistics-limited level of electronic recoil contamination to be 7.6 x 10(-7) between 52 and 110 keV of nuclear recoil energy (keVr) for a nuclear recoil acceptance of 50% with no nuclear recoil-like events above 62 keVr. Finally, we develop a maximum likelihood method of pulse shape discrimination based on the measured scintillation time dependence. C1 [Lippincott, W. H.; McKinsey, D. N.; Nikkel, J. A.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Coakley, K. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gastler, D.; Kearns, E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hime, A.; Stonehill, L. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lippincott, WH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM daniel.mckinsey@yale.edu FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Los Alamos Directed Research and Development Program; US Department of Energy FX We thank M. Boulay, C. Jillings, B. Cai, and J. Lidgard for useful discussions and for developing the ratio-of-Gaussians model used in this analysis. We acknowledge S. Seibert and J. Klein for their contributions to the Monte Carlo simulations software package. This work was supported by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, the Los Alamos Directed Research and Development Program, and the US Department of Energy. NR 41 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 035801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.035801 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300079 ER PT J AU Liu, W Fries, RJ AF Liu, W. Fries, R. J. TI Heavy quark production from jet conversions in a quark-gluon plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONAL ENERGY-LOSS; OPACITY; QGP AB Recently, it has been demonstrated that the chemical composition of jets in heavy ion collisions is significantly altered compared to the jets in the vacuum. This signal can be used to probe the medium formed in nuclear collisions. In this study we investigate the possibility that fast light quarks and gluons can convert to heavy quarks when passing through a quark-gluon plasma. We study the rate of light to heavy jet conversions in a consistent Fokker-Planck framework and investigate their impact on the production of high-p(T) charm and bottom quarks at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. C1 [Liu, W.; Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Liu, W.; Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fries, R. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU RIKEN/BNL; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Texas A&M College of Science FX We thank Ralf Rapp and Che-Ming Ko for helpful discussions. This work was supported by RIKEN/BNL, DOE Grant DE-AC02-98CH10886, and the Texas A&M College of Science. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 037902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.037902 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300091 ER PT J AU Miller, GA Arrington, J AF Miller, Gerald A. Arrington, John TI Neutron negative central charge density: An inclusive-exclusive connection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; IMPACT PARAMETER SPACE; COMPTON-SCATTERING; SYMMETRY BREAKING; NUCLEON; PROTON AB Models of generalized parton distributions at zero skewness are used to relate the behavior of deep inelastic scattering quark distributions, evaluated at high x, to the transverse charge density evaluated at small distances. We obtain an interpretation of the recently obtained negative central charge density of the neutron. The d quarks dominate the neutron structure function for large values of Bjorken x, where the large momentum of the struck quark has a significant impact on determining the center of momentum and thus the "center" of the nucleon in the transverse position plane. C1 [Miller, Gerald A.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arrington, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, GA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [FG02-97ER41014, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank D. Geesaman, P. Kroll, and B. Wojtsekhowski for useful discussions. We thank the ECT* for hosting a workshop where many of the calculations we present were performed. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts FG02-97ER41014 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 032201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.032201 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300008 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Almehed, D Garg, U Frauendorf, S Li, T Rao, PVM Wang, X Ghugre, SS Carpenter, MP Gros, S Hecht, A Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Seweryniak, D Zhu, S AF Mukhopadhyay, S. Almehed, D. Garg, U. Frauendorf, S. Li, T. Rao, P. V. Madhusudhana Wang, X. Ghugre, S. S. Carpenter, M. P. Gros, S. Hecht, A. Janssens, R. V. F. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. TI Electromagnetic transition rates in high-spin bands in Nd-136 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; ROTATION; NUCLEI; MODEL AB Lifetimes have been measured for transitions in the two multiquasiparticle rotational bands in the nucleus Nd-136. The extracted transition probabilities are compared with results of tilted-axis cranking and random-phase approximation calculations. The bands are identified as being built on two distinct quasiparticle configurations, with very different associated transition rates. These findings are contrary to an earlier suggestion that the bands form a chiral-band pair in this even-even nucleus. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, S.; Almehed, D.; Garg, U.; Frauendorf, S.; Li, T.; Rao, P. V. Madhusudhana; Wang, X.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, S.; Ghugre, S. S.] Kolkata Ctr, UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Kolkata 700098, India. [Wang, X.; Carpenter, M. P.; Gros, S.; Hecht, A.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hecht, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU US National Science Foundation [PHY04-57120, INT-0111536]; Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [DST-NSF/RPO-017/98]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-95ER40934]; University of Notre Dame; ANL-UND Nuclear Theory Initiative FX One of the authors (S. M.) expresses his gratitude to Dr. C. J. Chiara for several very helpful discussions on the LINESHAPE codes. This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (grant nos. PHY04-57120 and INT-0111536); by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (grant no. DST-NSF/RPO-017/98); by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-FG02-95ER40934; and by the University of Notre Dame and the ANL-UND Nuclear Theory Initiative. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034311 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300024 ER PT J AU Pechenaya, OL Sarantites, DG Reviol, W Chiara, CJ Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D AF Pechenaya, O. L. Sarantites, D. G. Reviol, W. Chiara, C. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Level structure of (92)Rh: Implications for the two-proton decay of (94)Ag(m)'" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pechenaya, O. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Sarantites, D. G.; Reviol, W.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pechenaya, OL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 039804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.039804 PG 1 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300096 ER PT J AU Robinson, AP Khoo, TL Ahmad, I Tandel, SK Kondev, FG Nakatsukasa, T Seweryniak, D Asai, M Back, BB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Davids, CN Eeckhaudt, S Greene, JP Greenlees, PT Gros, S Heinz, A Herzberg, RD Janssens, RVF Jones, GD Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Peterson, D Qian, J Tandel, US Wang, X Zhu, S AF Robinson, A. P. Khoo, T. L. Ahmad, I. Tandel, S. K. Kondev, F. G. Nakatsukasa, T. Seweryniak, D. Asai, M. Back, B. B. Carpenter, M. P. Chowdhury, P. Davids, C. N. Eeckhaudt, S. Greene, J. P. Greenlees, P. T. Gros, S. Heinz, A. Herzberg, R. -D. Janssens, R. V. F. Jones, G. D. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Peterson, D. Qian, J. Tandel, U. S. Wang, X. Zhu, S. TI K(pi)=8(-) isomers and K(pi)=2(-) octupole vibrations in N=150 shell-stabilized isotones SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC DEUTERON SCATTERING; SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; HEAVY-ELEMENTS; STATES; NUCLEI; CM-246 AB Isomers have been populated in (246)Cm and (252)No with quantum numbers K(pi) = 8(-), which decay through K(pi) = 2(-) rotational bands built on octupole vibrational states. For N = 150 isotones with (even) atomic number Z = 94-102, the K(pi) = 8(-) and 2(-) states have remarkably stable energies, indicating neutron excitations. An exception is a singular minimum in the 2(-) energy at Z = 98, due to the additional role of proton configurations. The nearly constant energies, in isotones spanning an 18% increase in Coulomb energy near the Coulomb limit, provide a test for theory. The two-quasiparticle K(pi) = 8(-) energies are described with single-particle energies given by the Woods-Saxon potential and the K(pi) = 2(-) vibrational energies by quasiparticle random-phase approximation calculations. Ramifications for self-consistent mean-field theory are discussed. C1 [Robinson, A. P.; Khoo, T. L.; Ahmad, I.; Kondev, F. G.; Seweryniak, D.; Back, B. B.; Carpenter, M. P.; Davids, C. N.; Greene, J. P.; Gros, S.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Peterson, D.; Wang, X.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tandel, S. K.; Chowdhury, P.; Tandel, U. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Nakatsukasa, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Nakatsukasa, T.] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Asai, M.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Eeckhaudt, S.; Greenlees, P. T.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Heinz, A.; Qian, J.] Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Herzberg, R. -D.; Jones, G. D.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Wang, X.] Univ Notre Dame, Inst Struct & Nucl Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Robinson, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Qian, Jing/F-9639-2010; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Nakatsukasa, Takashi/O-9995-2014 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40848, DE-FG02-91ER-40409] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with R. Bengtsson. The authors are also indebted for the use of 244Pu to the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, through the transplutonium element production facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40848, and DE-FG02-91ER-40409. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034308 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300021 ER PT J AU Stephens, FS Deleplanque, MA Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Fallon, P Diamond, RM Ward, D Clark, RM Cromaz, M AF Stephens, F. S. Deleplanque, M. A. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Fallon, P. Diamond, R. M. Ward, D. Clark, R. M. Cromaz, M. TI Damping, motional narrowing, and chaos in rotational nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; GAMMA-RAYS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; SPREADING WIDTH; QUANTUM CHAOS; TRANSITION; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; ORDER; CONTINUUM AB We have studied the unresolved gamma-ray spectrum of three ytterbium nuclei produced in heavy-ion fusion reactions and measured the two damping widths, Gamma(mu), the spreading (compound-damping) width, and Gamma(rot), the rotational damping width, together with P(nar), the probability that the population enters and leaves a given state via the same component of the wave function. Our results for Gamma(mu) and Gamma(rot) are in good agreement with theoretical expectations, as well as with those of other groups using different methods. Our results for P(nar) lead to a new method for quantitative evaluation of the full order-to-chaos transition in these Yb nuclei. Finally, we provide the first evidence for the motional narrowing of Gamma(rot) in nuclei. The basic physics occurring in this region is level mixing, which our simulation technique reproduces surprisingly well. C1 [Stephens, F. S.; Deleplanque, M. A.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Fallon, P.; Diamond, R. M.; Ward, D.; Clark, R. M.; Cromaz, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stephens, FS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are indebted to Sven Aberg, Thomas Dossing, and Enrico Vigezzi for many discussions. Special thanks go to Bent Herskind, who was a great collaborator at times, as well as a great competitor at other times, throughout these studies. We would also like to recognize the contributions to this area of research made over many years by our long-time collaborator, the late R. M. Diamond. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034303 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300016 ER PT J AU Suzuki, T Rainovski, G Koike, T Ahn, T Carpenter, MP Costin, A Danchev, M Dewald, A Janssens, RVF Joshi, P Lister, CJ Moller, O Pietralla, N Shinozuka, T Timar, J Wadsworth, R Vaman, C Zhu, S AF Suzuki, T. Rainovski, G. Koike, T. Ahn, T. Carpenter, M. P. Costin, A. Danchev, M. Dewald, A. Janssens, R. V. F. Joshi, P. Lister, C. J. Moeller, O. Pietralla, N. Shinozuka, T. Timar, J. Wadsworth, R. Vaman, C. Zhu, S. TI Lifetime measurement of candidate chiral doublet bands in the (103,104)Rh isotopes with the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method in inverse kinematics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL BANDS; ODD; SPECTROSCOPY AB Lifetimes of chiral candidate structures in (103,104)Rh were measured using the recoil distance Doppler-shift method. The Gammasphere detector array was used in conjunction with the Cologne plunger device. Excited states of (103,104)Rh were populated by the (11)B((96)Zr,4n)(103)Rh and (11)B((96)Zr, 3n)(104)Rh fusion-evaporation reactions in inverse kinematics. Three and five lifetimes of levels belonging to the proposed chiral doublet bands are measured in (103)Rh and (104)Rh, respectively. The previously observed even-odd spin dependence of the B(M1)/B(E2) values is caused by the variation in the B(E2) values, whereas the B(M1) values decrease as a function of spin. C1 [Suzuki, T.; Shinozuka, T.] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Cyclotron & Radioisotope, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Suzuki, T.; Koike, T.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Rainovski, G.] St Kliment Ohridski Univ Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Rainovski, G.; Ahn, T.; Costin, A.; Pietralla, N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lister, C. J.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Danchev, M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dewald, A.] Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Joshi, P.; Wadsworth, R.] Univ York, Dept Phys, Heslington YO10 5DD, England. [Moeller, O.; Pietralla, N.] TU Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64689 Darmstadt, Germany. [Vaman, C.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Timar, J.] ATOMKI, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Suzuki, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Nucl Phys Res Ctr, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM tomokazu@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Dewald, Alfred/O-5810-2015; Ahn, Tan/C-9158-2016; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Ahn, Tan/0000-0003-2249-7399; Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249 FU Tohoku University; BGNSF [VUF 06/05]; DFG [SFB 634]; OTKA [K72566]; UK EPSRC; U. S. Department of Energy,Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the 21st century center of excellence program for Tohoku University. G. R. acknowledges the support from BGNSF within contract VUF 06/05. N. P. thanks the support from the DFG under grant no. SFB 634. J. T.acknowledges the support from OTKA grant number K72566. R. W. acknowledges the support from UK EPSRC. This work is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 031302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.031302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300003 ER PT J AU Titarenko, YE Batyaev, VF Titarenko, AY Butko, MA Pavlov, KV Florya, SN Tikhonov, RS Mashnik, SG Ignatyuk, AV Titarenko, NN Gudowski, W Tesinsky, M Persson, CML Abderrahim, HA Kumawat, H Duarte, H AF Titarenko, Yu. E. Batyaev, V. F. Titarenko, A. Yu. Butko, M. A. Pavlov, K. V. Florya, S. N. Tikhonov, R. S. Mashnik, S. G. Ignatyuk, A. V. Titarenko, N. N. Gudowski, W. Tesinsky, M. Persson, C. -M. L. Abderrahim, H. Ait Kumawat, H. Duarte, H. TI Cross sections for nuclide production in a Fe-56 target irradiated by 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2600 MeV protons compared with data on a hydrogen target irradiated by 300, 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 MeV/nucleon Fe-56 ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID INTRANUCLEAR-CASCADE CALCULATION; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; HIGHLY EXCITED NUCLEI; HIGH-ENERGY; TRANSPORT CODE; LEVEL DENSITY; BREAK-UP; MODEL; FRAGMENTS AB This work presents the cross sections for radioactive nuclide production in Fe-56( p, x) reactions determined in six experiments using 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2600 MeV protons of the external beam from the ITEP U-10 proton accelerator. In total, 221 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residuals of half-lives from 6.6 min to 312 d have been obtained. The radioactive product nuclide yields were determined by direct gamma-spectrometry. The measured data have been compared with the experimental data obtained elsewhere by the direct and inverse kinematics methods and with calculation results of 15 different codes that simulated hadron-nucleus interactions: MCNPX (INCL, CEM2K, BERTINI, ISABEL), LAHET (BERTINI, ISABEL), CEM03 (.01,. G1,. S1), LAQGSM03 (.01,. G1,. S1), CASCADE-2004, LAHETO, and BRIEFF. Most of the data obtained here are in a good agreement with the inverse kinematics results and disprove the results of some earlier activation measurements that were quite different from the inverse kinematics measurements. The most significant calculation-to-experiment differences are observed in the yields of the A < 30 light nuclei, indicating that further improvements in nuclear reaction models are needed, and pointing out as well to a necessity of more complete experimental measurements of such reaction products. C1 [Titarenko, Yu. E.; Batyaev, V. F.; Titarenko, A. Yu.; Butko, M. A.; Pavlov, K. V.; Florya, S. N.; Tikhonov, R. S.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, RU-117218 Moscow, Russia. [Mashnik, S. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ignatyuk, A. V.; Titarenko, N. N.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, RU-249020 Obninsk, Russia. [Gudowski, W.; Tesinsky, M.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Abderrahim, H. Ait] Ctr Etud Energie Nucl, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Kumawat, H.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Duarte, H.] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Titarenko, YE (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, RU-117218 Moscow, Russia. EM Yury.Titarenko@itep.ru FU EC [3226]; Federal Atomic Energy Agency of Russia; U. S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank Drs. S. Leray, A. Kelic, K.- H. Schmidt, and A. J. Sierk for useful discussions of our results and several valuable suggestions on their presentation in the present paper. This work has been carried out under the EC-supported ISTC Project No. 3226. The work has also been supported by the Federal Atomic Energy Agency of Russia and, in part, by the U. S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 121 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 034615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034615 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300047 ER PT J AU Wiedeking, M Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Fallon, P Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Cline, D Cromaz, M Descovich, M Janssens, RVF Lee, IY Deleplanque, MA Macchiavelli, AO Stephens, FS Teng, R Wang, X Ward, D Wu, CY Zhu, S Otsuka, T Utsuno, Y Volya, A AF Wiedeking, M. Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. Fallon, P. Carpenter, M. P. Clark, R. M. Cline, D. Cromaz, M. Descovich, M. Janssens, R. V. F. Lee, I. -Y. Deleplanque, M. -A. Macchiavelli, A. O. Stephens, F. S. Teng, R. Wang, X. Ward, D. Wu, C. Y. Zhu, S. Otsuka, T. Utsuno, Y. Volya, A. TI Intruder excitations in P-35 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SHELL; DEFORMATION; GAMMASPHERE; NUCLEI; REGION; MASSES; MG-32 AB The structure of the neutron-rich N = 20 nucleus P-35 has been investigated through nucleon transfer experiments using the Pb-208((36), X gamma) reaction at 230 MeV. The level structure, of mainly 1 (h) over bar omega excitations in P-35, has been significantly expanded. The measurements are compared with shell model calculations. Experimental branching ratio limits are reported for predicted transitions to the 2 (h) over bar omega bandheads in P-35 and Si-34. C1 [Wiedeking, M.; Rodriguez-Vieitez, E.; Fallon, P.; Clark, R. M.; Cromaz, M.; Descovich, M.; Lee, I. -Y.; Deleplanque, M. -A.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Stephens, F. S.; Ward, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wiedeking, M.; Wu, C. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rodriguez-Vieitez, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cline, D.; Teng, R.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Otsuka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Otsuka, T.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Utsuno, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Volya, A.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Wiedeking, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Volya, Alexander/I-9457-2012; OTSUKA, TAKAHARU/G-5072-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Volya, Alexander/0000-0002-1765-6466; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank the operations staff of the ATLAS facility at Argonne National Laboratory. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL) and DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 037302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.037302 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300086 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzurri, P Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Bednar, P Beecher, D Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calancha, C Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavaliere, V Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cox, DJ Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Deluca, C Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Derwent, PF di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Elagin, A Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Genser, K Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Gessler, A Giagu, S Giakoumopoulou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A James, E Jayatilaka, B Jeon, EJ Jha, MK Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Keung, J Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Koay, SA Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kreps, M Kroll, J Krop, D Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kurata, M Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, E Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lin, CS Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, C Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lovas, L Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lueck, J Luci, C Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis-Katsikakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moggi, N Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, MJ Morlok, J Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oakes, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pianori, E Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pueschel, E Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rodriguez, T Rogers, E Rolli, S 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P Tourneur, S Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner-Kuhr, J Wagner, W Wakisaka, T Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zheng, Y Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Adelman, J. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Gonzalez, B. Alvarez Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Apresyan, A. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzurri, P. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Bednar, P. Beecher, D. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bridgeman, A. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Calancha, C. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. 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Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zheng, Y. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section at the Fermilab Tevatron p(p)over-bar collider using a cone-based jet algorithm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; HADRON-COLLISIONS; CDF; COLLIDERS; DETECTOR; GLUONS; QCD AB We present a measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV based on data collected by the CDF II detector with an integrated luminosity of 1.13 fb(-1). The measurement was made using the cone-based midpoint jet clustering algorithm in the rapidity region of vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.1. The results are consistent with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions based on recent parton distribution functions (PDFs), and are expected to provide increased precision in PDFs at high parton momentum fraction x. The results are also compared to the recent inclusive jet cross section measurement using the k(T) jet clustering algorithm, and we find that the ratio of the cross sections measured with the two algorithms is in agreement with theoretical expectations over a large range of jet transverse momentum and rapidity. C1 [Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.] Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.] Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; Lu, R. -S.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Wang, S. M.; Yang, U. K.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Blair, R. E.; Byrum, K. L.; LeCompte, T.; Nodulman, L.; Proudfoot, J.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, R. G.; Wicklund, A. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Giakoumopoulou, V.; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A.; Vellidis, C.] Univ Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Attal, A.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; De Lorenzo, G.; Deluca, C.; D'Onofrio, M.; Martinez, M.; Salto, O.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Dittmann, J. R.; Hewamanage, S.; Krumnack, N.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Castro, A.; Deninno, M.; Jha, M. K.; Mazzanti, P.; Moggi, N.; Mussini, M.; Rimondi, F.; Zucchelli, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Blocker, C.; Clark, D.; Deng, J.; Kirsch, L.; Miladinovic, N.] Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Cox, D. J.; Almenar, C. Cuenca; Erbacher, R.; Forrest, R.; Ivanov, A.; Johnson, W.; Lander, R. L.; Lister, A.; Pellett, D. E.; Schwarz, T.; Smith, J. R.; Soha, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dong, P.; Hauser, J.; Plager, C.; Stelzer, B.; Wallny, R.; Zheng, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Hsu, S. -C.; Lipeles, E.; Norman, M.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Boveia, A.; Brau, B.; Garberson, F.; Hill, C. S.; Incandela, J.; Koay, S. A.; Krutelyov, V.; Rossin, R.; Scott, A. L.; Stuart, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gonzalez, B. Alvarez; Casal, B.; Cuevas, J.; Gomez, G.; Rodrigo, T.; Ruiz, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Vila, I.; Vilar, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Chung, K.; Galyardt, J.; Jun, S. 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[Bartsch, V.; Beecher, D.; Bizjak, I.; Lancaster, M.; Malik, S.; Nurse, E.; Vine, T.; Waters, D.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Calancha, C.; Fernandez, J. P.; Gonzalez, O.; Martinez-Ballarin, R.; Redondo, I.; Vidal, M.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Bauer, G.; Choudalakis, G.; Gomez-Ceballos, G.; Hahn, K.; Henderson, C.; Knuteson, B.; Makhoul, K.; Paus, C.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Beauchemin, P. -H.; Buzatu, A.; Carron, S.; MacQueen, D.; Pashapour, S.; Roy, P.; Sinervo, P.; Snihur, R.; Spreitzer, T.; Warburton, A.; Williams, G.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Beauchemin, P. -H.; Buzatu, A.; Carron, S.; MacQueen, D.; Pashapour, S.; Roy, P.; Sinervo, P.; Snihur, R.; Spreitzer, T.; Warburton, A.; Williams, G.] McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Amidei, D.; Campbell, M.; Copic, K.; Cully, J. C.; Gerdes, D.; Tecchio, M.; Varganov, A.; Wright, T.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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[Amerio, S.; Bisello, D.; Brigliadori, L.; Compostella, G.; Cortiana, G.; Dorigo, T.; Gresele, A.; Lazzizzera, I.; Loreti, M.; Lucchesi, D.; Griso, S. Pagan] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Ciobanu, C. I.; di Giovanni, G. P.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Tourneur, S.] Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS,UMR7585, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. [Canepa, A.; Heijboer, A.; Heinrich, J.; Keung, J.; Kroll, J.; Lockyer, N. S.; Neu, C.; Pianori, E.; Rodrigo, T.; Thomson, E.; Tu, Y.; Whiteson, D.; Williams, H. H.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Azzurri, P.; Bedeschi, F.; Bellettini, G.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Catastini, P.; Cavaliere, V.; Chiarelli, G.; Ciocci, M. A.; Crescioli, F.; Dell'Orso, M.; Donati, S.; Ferrazza, C.; Garcia, J. E.; Introzzi, G.; Lami, S.; Latino, G.; Leone, S.; Merkel, P.; Morello, M. J.; Pagliarone, C.; Piacentino, G.; Punzi, G.; Ristori, L.; Sartori, L.; Scribano, A.; Sidoti, A.; Squillacioti, P.; Turini, N.; Vataga, E.; Volpi, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Boudreau, J.; Convery, M. E.; Hartz, M.; Liu, C.; Rahaman, A.; Shepard, P. F.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Apresyan, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Bolla, G.; Bortoletto, D.; Flanagan, G.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Jones, M.; Laasanen, A. T.; Lytken, E.; Margaroli, F.; Ranjan, N.; Sedov, A.; Veszpremi, V.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bodek, A.; Boisvert, V.; Budd, H. S.; de Barbaro, P.; Han, B. -Y.; Han, J. Y.; McFarland, K. S.; Sakumoto, W. K.; Yu, G. B.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bhatti, A.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Hatakeyama, K.; Lungu, G.; Mesropian, C.; Terashi, K.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. [De Cecco, S.; Dionisi, C.; Gallinaro, M.; Giagu, S.; Iori, M.; Luci, C.; Mastrandrea, P.; Rescigno, M.; Sarkar, S.; Zanello, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Chuang, S. H.; Dube, S.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hare, D.; Lath, A.; Somalwar, S.; Yamaoka, J.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Aurisano, A.; Elagin, A.; Goncharov, M.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Lee, E.; Lee, S. W.; McIntyre, P.; Safonov, A.; Toback, D.; Weinberger, M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cauz, D.; Di Ruzza, B.; Pauletta, G.; Penzo, A.; Rossi, M.; Santi, L.; Totaro, P.; Zanetti, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Akimoto, T.; Hara, K.; Kim, S. H.; Kimura, N.; Kubo, T.; Kurata, M.; Maruyama, T.; Masubuchi, T.; Miyake, H.; Nagai, Y.; Nagano, A.; Nakamura, K.; Shimojima, M.; Suzuki, T.; Tomura, T.; Ukegawa, F.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Hare, M.; Napier, A.; Rolli, S.; Sliwa, K.; Whitehouse, B.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Arisawa, T.; Kondo, K.; Kusakabe, Y.; Naganoma, J.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. [Karchin, P. E.; Kulkarni, N. P.; Mattson, M. E.; Shalhout, S. Z.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Bellinger, J.; Carlsmith, D.; Chung, Y. S.; Handler, R.; Herndon, M.; Pondrom, L.; Pursley, J.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Shon, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Husemann, U.; Loginov, A.; Martin, A.; Schmidt, M. P.; Stanitzki, M.; Tipton, P.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014 OI Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A. P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Korean Research Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Royal Society, UK; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 49 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 052006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.052006 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600013 ER PT J AU Acharya, BS Bobkov, K Kane, GL Shao, J Kumar, P AF Acharya, Bobby S. Bobkov, Konstantin Kane, Gordon L. Shao, Jing Kumar, Piyush TI G(2)-MSSM: An M theory motivated model of particle physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SOFT SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; FLUX COMPACTIFICATION; MODULI; MASSES; LHC AB We continue our study of the low energy implications of M theory vacua on G(2)-manifolds, undertaken in B. S. Acharya, K. Bobkov, G. L. Kane, P. Kumar, and J. Shao, Phys. Rev. D 76, 126010 (2007); B. Acharya, K. Bobkov, G. Kane, P. Kumar, and D. Vaman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 191601 (2006), where it was shown that the moduli can be stabilized and a TeV scale generated, with the Planck scale as the only dimensionful input. A well-motivated phenomenological model, the G(2)-MSSM, can be naturally defined within the above framework. In this paper, we study some of the important phenomenological features of the G(2)-MSSM. In particular, the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters and the superpartner spectrum are computed. The G(2)-MSSM generically gives rise to light gauginos and heavy scalars with wino lightest supersymmetric particles when one tunes the cosmological constant. Electroweak symmetry breaking is present but fine-tuned. The G(2)-MSSM is also naturally consistent with precision gauge coupling unification. The phenomenological consequences for cosmology and collider physics of the G(2)-MSSM will be reported in more detail soon. C1 [Acharya, Bobby S.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Acharya, Bobby S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Bobkov, Konstantin; Kane, Gordon L.; Shao, Jing] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kumar, Piyush] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kumar, Piyush] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Acharya, BS (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Str Costiera 11, Trieste, Italy. NR 44 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065038 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.065038 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800182 ER PT J AU Allison, I Dalgic, E Davies, CTH Follana, E Horgan, RR Hornbostel, K Lepage, GP McNeile, C Shigemitsu, J Trottier, H Woloshyn, RM Chetyrkin, KG Kuehn, JH Steinhauser, M Sturm, C AF Allison, I. Dalgic, E. Davies, C. T. H. Follana, E. Horgan, R. R. Hornbostel, K. Lepage, G. P. McNeile, C. Shigemitsu, J. Trottier, H. Woloshyn, R. M. Chetyrkin, K. G. Kuehn, J. H. Steinhauser, M. Sturm, C. CA HPQCD Collaboration TI High-precision charm-quark mass and QCD coupling from current-current correlators in lattice and continuum QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION FUNCTION; ANOMALOUS DIMENSION; VACUUM POLARIZATION; PERTURBATIVE QCD; BETA-FUNCTION; O(ALPHA(2)(S)); MOMENTS; LIMIT AB We use lattice QCD simulations, with MILC gluon configurations and HISQ c-quark propagators, to make very precise determinations of moments of charm-quark pseudoscalar, vector and axial-vector correlators. These moments are combined with new four-loop results from continuum perturbation theory to obtain several new determinations of the MS mass of the charm quark and of the MS coupling. We find m(c)(3 GeV) = 0.986(10) GeV, or, equivalently, m(c)(mc) = 1.268(9) GeV, both for n(f) = 4 flavors; and alpha((MS) over bar)(3 GeV, n(f) = 4) = 0.251(6), or, equivalently, alpha((MS) over bar)(M-Z,M- n(f) = 5) = 0.1174(12). The new mass agrees well with results from continuum analyses of the vector correlator using experimental data for e(+) e(-) annihilation ( instead of using lattice QCD simulations). These lattice and continuum results are the most accurate determinations to date of this mass. Ours is also one of the most accurate determinations of the QCD coupling by any method. C1 [Allison, I.; Woloshyn, R. M.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Dalgic, E.; Trottier, H.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Davies, C. T. H.; McNeile, C.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Follana, E.; Shigemitsu, J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Horgan, R. R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Hornbostel, K.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Lepage, G. P.] Cornell Univ, Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chetyrkin, K. G.; Kuehn, J. H.; Steinhauser, M.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sturm, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Allison, I (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM g.p.lepage@cornell.edu RI Sturm, Christian/Q-2713-2015 OI Sturm, Christian/0000-0002-3137-4940 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-91-ER40690, DE-AC02-98CH10886(BNL)]; Leverhulme Trust; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Science Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council FX We would like to thank A. Maier, P. Maierhofer, and P. Marquard for providing (C) over bar 3(30) for the pseudoscalar correlator prior to publication. We are grateful to the MILC Collaboration for the use of their gluon configurations. We thank Rainer Sommer for useful discussions. The lattice QCD computing was done on UKQCD's QCDOCX cluster, USQCD's Fermilab cluster, and at the Ohio Supercomputer Center. The work was supported by grants from: the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB-Transregio 9; the Department of Energy [DE-FG02-91-ER40690, DE-AC02-98CH10886(BNL)]; the Leverhulme Trust; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; the National Science Foundation; and the Science and Technology Facilities Council. NR 44 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054513 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600061 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y Boyle, P Cooney, P Del Debbio, L Kenway, R Maynard, CM Soni, A Tweedie, R AF Aoki, Y. Boyle, P. Cooney, P. Del Debbio, L. Kenway, R. Maynard, C. M. Soni, A. Tweedie, R. TI Proton lifetime bounds from chirally symmetric lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON DECAY; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; AMPLITUDES; OPERATORS; PHYSICS AB We present results for the matrix elements relevant for proton decay in grand unified theories (GUTs). The calculation is performed at a fixed lattice spacing a(-1) = 1.73(3) GeV using 2 + 1 flavors of domain-wall fermions on lattices of size 16(3) x 32 and 24(3) x 64 with a fifth dimension of length 16. We use the indirect method which relies on an effective field theory description of proton decay, where we need to estimate the low-energy constants, alpha = -0.0112(25) GeV(3) and beta = 0.0120(26) GeV(3). We relate these low-energy constants to the proton decay matrix elements using leading order chiral perturbation theory. These can then be combined with experimental bounds on the proton lifetime to bound parameters of individual GUTs. C1 [Aoki, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Boyle, P.; Cooney, P.; Del Debbio, L.; Kenway, R.; Tweedie, R.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Maynard, C. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, EPCC, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Soni, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aoki, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Del Debbio, Luigi/0000-0003-4246-3305 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; PPARC [PP/D000238/1, PP/C503154/1, PPA/J/S/1998/00756]; RCUK; STFC [PP/E006965/1]; Universities of Edinburgh, Southampton and Wales Swansea FX The calculations reported here were done on the QCDOC computers [38-40] at Columbia University, Edinburgh University, and at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). At BNL, the QCDOC computers of the RIKEN-BNL Research Center and the USQCD Collaboration were used. The software used includes: the CPS QCD codes, http://qcdoc.phys.columbia.edu/chulwoo_index.html, supported in part by the USDOE SciDAC program; the BAGEL, http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/similar to paboyle/bagel/Bagel.html assembler kernel generator for many of the high-performance optimized kernels; and the UKHadron codes. A. S. ( BNL) was partially supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The work of the Edinburgh authors was supported by PPARC Grants No. PP/D000238/1 and No. PP/C503154/1. The former directly supported C. M. M. P. A. B. acknowledges support from RCUK and L. D. D. is funded by STFC. The Edinburgh QCDOC system was funded by PPARC JIF Grant No. PPA/J/S/1998/00756 and operated through support from the Universities of Edinburgh, Southampton and Wales Swansea, and from STFC Grant No. PP/E006965/1. Computations for this work were carried out in part on facilities of the USQCD Collaboration, which are funded by the Office of Science of the U. S. Department of Energy. We thank RIKEN, BNL, and the U. S. DOE for providing the facilities essential for the completion of this work. We thank Masato Shiozawa for communicating the latest Super-Kamiokande results. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054505 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600053 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y Boyle, PA Christ, NH Dawson, C Donnellan, MA Izubuchi, T Juttner, A Li, S Mawhinney, RD Noaki, J Sachrajda, CT Soni, A Tweedie, RJ Yamaguchi, A AF Aoki, Y. Boyle, P. A. Christ, N. H. Dawson, C. Donnellan, M. A. Izubuchi, T. Juettner, A. Li, S. Mawhinney, R. D. Noaki, J. Sachrajda, C. T. Soni, A. Tweedie, R. J. Yamaguchi, A. CA RBC & UKQCD Collaborations TI Nonperturbative renormalization of quark bilinear operators and B-K using domain wall fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD; MASSES; FIELD AB We present a calculation of the renormalization coefficients of the quark bilinear operators and the K - (K) over bar mixing parameter B-K. The coefficients relating the bare lattice operators to those in the RI/MOM scheme are computed nonperturbatively and then matched perturbatively to the (MS) over bar scheme. The coefficients are calculated on the RBC/UKQCD 2 + 1 flavor dynamical lattice configurations. Specifically we use a 16(3) x 32 lattice volume, the Iwasaki gauge action at beta = 2.13 and domain wall fermions with L-s = 16. C1 [Aoki, Y.; Dawson, C.; Donnellan, M. A.] USABrookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Boyle, P. A.; Tweedie, R. J.] Univ Edinburgh, SUPA, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Christ, N. H.; Li, S.; Mawhinney, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Donnellan, M. A.; Juettner, A.; Sachrajda, C. T.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Izubuchi, T.] Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Noaki, J.] KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Soni, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yamaguchi, A.] Univ Glasgow, SUPA, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Aoki, Y (reprint author), USABrookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU DOE [DE-FG02-92ER40699]; PPARC [PPA/G/O/2002/00465, PP/D000238/1]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-92ER40716] FX We thank our collaborators in the RBC and UKQCD collaborations for assistance and useful discussions. This work was supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-92ER40699 and PPARC Grant Nos. PPA/G/O/2002/00465 and PP/D000238/1. We thank the University of Edinburgh, PPARC, RIKEN, BNL, and the U. S. DOE for providing the facilities on which this work was performed. A. S. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-98CH10886, and DE-FG02-92ER40716. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054510 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600058 ER PT J AU Arrenberg, S Baudis, L Kong, K Matchev, KT Yoo, J AF Arrenberg, Sebastian Baudis, Laura Kong, Kyoungchul Matchev, Konstantin T. Yoo, Jonghee TI Kaluza-Klein dark matter: Direct detection vis-a-vis CERN LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL EXTRA DIMENSIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PARTICLE; CANDIDATES; ORBIFOLDS; NUCLEI; IMPACT; LIMITS; BULK AB We explore the phenomenology of Kaluza-Klein (KK) dark matter in very general models with universal extra dimensions (UEDs), emphasizing the complementarity between high-energy colliders and dark matter direct detection experiments. In models with relatively small mass splittings between the dark matter candidate and the rest of the (colored) spectrum, the collider sensitivity is diminished, but direct detection rates are enhanced. UEDs provide a natural framework for such mass degeneracies. We consider both five-dimensional and six-dimensional nonminimal UED models, and discuss the detection prospects for various KK dark matter candidates: the KK photon gamma(1), the KK Z boson Z(1), the KK Higgs boson H-1, and the spinless KK photon gamma(H). We combine collider limits, such as electroweak precision data and expected LHC reach, with cosmological constraints from WMAP, and the sensitivity of current or planned direct detection experiments. Allowing for general mass splittings, we show that neither colliders nor direct detection experiments by themselves can explore all of the relevant KK dark matter parameter space. Nevertheless, they probe different parameter space regions, and the combination of the two types of constraints can be quite powerful. For example, in the case of gamma(1) in 5D UEDs the relevant parameter space will be almost completely covered by the combined CERN LHC and direct detection sensitivities expected in the near future. C1 [Arrenberg, Sebastian; Baudis, Laura] Univ Zurich, Dept Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kong, Kyoungchul; Yoo, Jonghee] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Matchev, Konstantin T.] Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Arrenberg, S (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Yoo, Jonghee/K-8394-2016 FU Swiss National Foundation SNF [20-118119]; Volkswagen Foundation; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41029]; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX We would like to thank CDMS Collaboration, COUPP Collaboration, KIMS Collaboration, and XENON10 Collaboration for providing important information, and Tim Tait for useful discussions. S. A. and L. B. are supported by the Swiss National Foundation SNF Grant No. 20-118119 and by the Volkswagen Foundation. K. M. is supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER41029. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 84 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 056002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.056002 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600085 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prencipe, E Prudent, X Tisserand, V Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Yasin, Z Zhang, L Sharma, V Campagnari, C Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Mazur, MA Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wang, L Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Cheng, CH Doll, DA Echenard, B Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Ford, WT Gaz, A Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Ayad, R Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Karbach, M Merkel, J Petzold, A Wacker, K Kobel, MJ Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Playfer, S Watson, JE Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Santoro, V Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Klose, V Lacker, HM De Nardo, G Lista, L Monorchio, D Onorato, G Sciacca, C Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J D'Orazio, A Davier, M da Costa, JF Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Burke, JP Chavez, CA Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Sacco, R Sigamani, M Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Paramesvaran, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Alwyn, KE Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Anderson, J Chen, C Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Tuggle, JM Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Dujmic, D Fisher, PH Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Zhao, M Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP Knoepfel, KJ LoSecco, JM Wang, WF Benelli, G Corwin, LA Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Sekula, SJ Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Castelli, G Gagliardi, N Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Sanchez, PDA Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Calderini, G Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Perez, A Prendki, J Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Manoni, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Carpinelli, M Cervelli, A Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Biesiada, J Pegna, DL Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Anulli, F Baracchini, E Cavoto, G del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Jackson, PD Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Renga, F Voena, C Ebert, M Hartmann, T Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Olaiya, EO Roethel, W Wilson, FF Emery, S Escalier, M Esteve, L Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV White, RM Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Benitez, JF Cenci, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Gabareen, AM Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Hast, C Innes, WR Kaminski, J Kelsey, MH Kim, H Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Li, S Lindquist, B Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR Neal, H Nelson, S O'Grady, CP Ofte, I Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Wagner, AP Weaver, M West, CA Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Wulsin, HW Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Ziegler, V Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Miyashita, TS Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Pan, B Saeed, MA Zain, SB Spanier, SM Wogsland, BJ Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Ruland, AM Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Drummond, BW Izen, JM Lou, XC Bianchi, F Gamba, D Pelliccioni, M Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Milanes, DA Oyanguren, A Albert, J Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Choi, HHF Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Lewczuk, MJ Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Gershon, TJ Harrison, PF Ilic, J Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Dasu, S Flood, KT Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Vuosalo, CO Wu, SL AF Aubert, B. Bona, M. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Prencipe, E. Prudent, X. Tisserand, V. Tico, J. Garra Grauges, E. Lopez, L. Palano, A. Pappagallo, M. Eigen, G. Stugu, B. Sun, L. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Cahn, R. N. Jacobsen, R. G. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Lynch, G. Osipenkov, I. L. Ronan, M. T. Tackmann, K. Tanabe, T. Hawkes, C. M. Soni, N. Watson, A. T. Koch, H. Schroeder, T. Walker, D. Asgeirsson, D. J. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Barrett, M. Khan, A. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Buzykaev, A. R. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu. Bondioli, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Martin, E. C. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Gary, J. W. Liu, F. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Vitug, G. M. Yasin, Z. Zhang, L. Sharma, V. Campagnari, C. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Mazur, M. A. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Wang, L. Wilson, M. G. Winstrom, L. O. Cheng, C. H. Doll, D. A. Echenard, B. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Andreassen, R. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Ford, W. T. Gaz, A. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Ayad, R. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Karbach, M. Merkel, J. Petzold, A. Wacker, K. Kobel, M. J. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Playfer, S. Watson, J. E. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cecchi, A. Cibinetto, G. Franchini, P. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Santoro, V. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. De Nardo, G. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Onorato, G. Sciacca, C. Bard, D. J. Dauncey, P. D. Nash, J. A. Vazquez, W. Panduro Tibbetts, M. Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gao, Y. Y. Gritsan, A. V. Guo, Z. J. Lae, C. K. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Bequilleux, J. D'Orazio, A. Davier, M. da Costa, J. Firmino Grosdidier, G. Hoecker, A. Lepeltier, V. Le Diberder, F. Lutz, A. M. Pruvot, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Serrano, J. Sordini, V. Stocchi, A. Wormser, G. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Bingham, I. Burke, J. P. Chavez, C. A. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. George, K. A. Di Lodovico, F. Sacco, R. Sigamani, M. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Paramesvaran, S. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Alwyn, K. E. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. West, T. J. Yi, J. I. Anderson, J. Chen, C. Jawahery, A. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Tuggle, J. M. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Salvati, E. Saremi, S. Cowan, R. Dujmic, D. Fisher, P. H. Koeneke, K. Sciolla, G. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Zhao, M. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. Knoepfel, K. J. LoSecco, J. M. Wang, W. F. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Honscheid, K. 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West, C. A. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Zain, S. B. Spanier, S. M. Wogsland, B. J. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Drummond, B. W. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Bianchi, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Choi, H. H. F. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Lewczuk, M. J. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Gershon, T. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Vuosalo, C. O. Wu, S. L. CA BaBar Collaboration TI Study of the decay D(s)(+)-> K(+)K(-)e(+)v(e) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FORM-FACTOR RATIOS; PHYSICS AB Using 214 fb(-1) of data recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEPII electron-positron collider, we study the decay D(s)(+) -> K(+) K(-) e(+) v(e). Except for a small S-wave contribution, the events with K(+)K(-) masses in the range 1.01-1.03 GeV/c(2) correspond to phi mesons. For D(s)(+) ->phi e(+) v(e) decays, we measure the relative normalization of the Lorentz invariant form factors at q(2) = 0, r(V) V(0)/A1(0) = 1.849 +/- 0.060 +/- 0.095, r(2) = A(2)(0)/A(1)(0) = 0.763 +/- 0.071 +/- 0.065 and the pole mass of the axial-vector form factors m(A) =(2.28(-0.18)(+0.230) +/- 0.18) GeV/c(2). Within the same K(+)K(-) mass range, we also measure the relative branching fraction B(D(s)(+) -> K(+) K(-) e(+) v(e))/B(D(s)(+) -> K(+) K (-)pi(+)) = 0.558 +/- 0.007 +/- 0.016, from which we obtain the total branching fraction B(D(s)(+) -> phi e(+) v(e)) = 2.61 +/- 0.03 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.15) x 10(-2). By comparing this value with the predicted decay rate, we extract A(1)(0) = 0.607 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.019 +/- 0.018. The stated uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and from external inputs. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Tico, J. Garra; Grauges, E.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. 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R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Lindquist, B.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; Neal, H.; Nelson, S.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; West, C. A.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Wulsin, H. W.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Miyashita, T. S.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Spanier, S. M.; Wogsland, B. J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Drummond, B. W.; Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] INFN Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] INFN Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Choi, H. H. F.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Lewczuk, M. J.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 FU DOE and NSF (USA); NSERC (Canada); CEA; CNRS-IN2P3 (France); BMBF and DFG (Germany); INFN (Italy); FOM (The Netherlands); NFR (Norway); MES (Russia); MEC (Spain); STFC (United Kingdom); Marie Curie EIF (European Union); A. P. Sloan Foundation FX We are grateful for the excellent luminosity and machine conditions provided by our PEP-2 colleagues, and for the substantial dedicated effort from the computing organizations that support BABAR. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and kind hospitality. This work is supported by DOE and NSF (USA), NSERC (Canada), CEA and CNRS-IN2P3 (France), BMBF and DFG (Germany), INFN (Italy), FOM (The Netherlands), NFR (Norway), MES (Russia), MEC (Spain), and STFC (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie Curie EIF (European Union) and the A. P. Sloan Foundation. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 051101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.051101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600002 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prencipe, E Prudent, X Tisserand, V Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Yasin, Z Zhang, L Sharma, V Campagnari, C Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Mazur, MA Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wang, L Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Cheng, CH Doll, DA Echenard, B Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Bloom, PC Ford, WT Gaz, A Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Ayad, R Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Karbach, M Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Kobel, MJ Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Playfer, S Watson, JE Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Santoro, V Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M 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Anderson, J Chen, C Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Tuggle, JM Dallapiccola, C Li, X Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Dujmic, D Fisher, PH Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Zhao, M Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H De Nardo, G Lista, L Monorchio, D Onorato, G Sciacca, C Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP Knoepfel, KJ LoSecco, JM Wang, WF Benelli, G Corwin, LA Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Sekula, SJ Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Castelli, G Gagliardi, N Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Sanchez, PD Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Calderini, G Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Perez, A Prendki, J Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Manoni, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Carpinelli, M Cervelli, A Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Biesiada, J Pegna, DL Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Anulli, F Baracchini, E Cavoto, G Del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Jackson, PD Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Renga, F Voena, C Ebert, M Hartmann, T Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Olaiya, EO Roethel, W Wilson, FF Emery, S Escalier, M Esteve, L Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV White, RM Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Benitez, JF Cenci, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Gabareen, AM Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Hast, C Innes, WR Kaminski, J Kelsey, MH Kim, H Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Li, S Lindquist, B Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL 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Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Ernst, J. A. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Zain, S. B. Spanier, S. M. Wogsland, B. J. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Drummond, B. W. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Bianchi, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Choi, H. H. F. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Lewczuk, M. J. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Gershon, T. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Vuosalo, C. O. Wu, S. L. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for B-0 -> K*K+*(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; POLARIZATION; ASYMMETRIES; JETS AB We report the results of a search for the decay B-0 -> K*(+) K*(-) with a sample of 454 +/- 5 million B (B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We obtain an upper limit at the 90% confidence level on the branching fraction for B(B-0 -> K*(+) K*(-) )< 2.0 x 10(-6), assuming the decay is fully longitudinally polarized. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Tisserand, V.; Pruvot, S.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. 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J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Peruzzi, I. M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Sordini, V.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Carpinelli, M.] Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998 FU U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France); Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands); Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain); Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom); Marie Curie IEF program (European Union); A. P. Sloan Foundation FX We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our PEP-II colleagues in achieving the excellent luminosity and machine conditions that have made this work possible. The success of this project also relies critically on the expertise and dedication of the computing organizations that support BABAR. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and the kind hospitality extended to them. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie Curie IEF program (European Union) and A. P. Sloan Foundation. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 051103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.051103 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600004 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Orimoto, TJ Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Echenard, B Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Ayad, R Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Watson, JE Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Santoro, V Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J D'Orazio, A Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Burke, JP Chavez, CA Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Paramesvaran, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD West, TJ Yi, JI Anderson, J Chen, C Jawahery, A Roberts, DA Simi, G Tuggle, JM Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Salvati, E Saremi, S Cowan, R Dujmic, D Fisher, PH Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Zhao, M Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Lista, L Monorchio, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP Knoepfel, KJ LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Morris, JP Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Sekula, SJ Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gagliardi, N Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Ben-Haim, E Briand, H Calderini, G Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Perez, A Prendki, J Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Manoni, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Cervelli, A Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Biesiada, J Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Baracchini, E Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Jackson, PD Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Renga, F Voena, C Ebert, M Hartmann, T Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Castelli, G Franek, B Olaiya, EO Roethel, W Wilson, FF Emery, S Escalier, M Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV White, RM Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Hast, C Innes, WR Kaminski, J Kelsey, MH Kim, H Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR Nelson, S O'Grady, CP Ofte, I Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Wagner, AP Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Wulsin, HW Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Ziegler, V Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Miyashita, TS Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Pan, B Saeed, MA Zain, SB Spanier, SM Wogsland, BJ Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Ruland, AM Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Pelliccioni, M Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Milanes, DA Oyanguren, A Albert, J Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Harrison, PF Ilic, J Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Dasu, S Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Bona, M. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Prudent, X. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Garra Tico, J. Grauges, E. Lopez, L. Palano, A. Pappagallo, M. Eigen, G. Stugu, B. Sun, L. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Pegna, D. Lopes Lynch, G. Orimoto, T. J. Osipenkov, I. L. Ronan, M. T. Tackmann, K. Tanabe, T. Wenzel, W. A. Sanchez, P. del Amo Hawkes, C. M. Soni, N. Watson, A. T. Koch, H. Schroeder, T. Walker, D. Asgeirsson, D. J. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Barrett, M. Khan, A. Saleem, M. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Buzykaev, A. R. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu. Bondioli, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Martin, E. C. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Gary, J. W. Liu, F. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Vitug, G. M. Zhang, L. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Wilson, M. G. Winstrom, L. O. Chen, E. Cheng, C. H. Echenard, B. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Andreassen, R. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Ayad, R. Gabareen, A. M. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Merkel, J. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Wacker, K. Klose, V. Kobel, M. J. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Latour, E. Lombardo, V. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Watson, J. E. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cecchi, A. Cibinetto, G. Franchini, P. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Santoro, V. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Dauncey, P. D. Nash, J. A. Vazquez, W. Panduro Tibbetts, M. Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gao, Y. Y. Gritsan, A. V. Guo, Z. J. Lae, C. K. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Bequilleux, J. D'Orazio, A. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hoecker, A. Lepeltier, V. Le Diberder, F. Lutz, A. M. Pruvot, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Serrano, J. Sordini, V. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Bingham, I. Burke, J. P. Chavez, C. A. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. George, K. A. Di Lodovico, F. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Paramesvaran, S. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. West, T. J. Yi, J. I. Anderson, J. Chen, C. Jawahery, A. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Tuggle, J. M. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Salvati, E. Saremi, S. Cowan, R. Dujmic, D. Fisher, P. H. Koeneke, K. Sciolla, G. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Zhao, M. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. Knoepfel, K. J. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Honscheid, K. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Morris, J. P. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Sekula, S. J. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gagliardi, N. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Ben-Haim, E. Briand, H. Calderini, G. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Perez, A. Prendki, J. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Manoni, E. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Cervelli, A. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Biesiada, J. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Baracchini, E. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Jackson, P. D. Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Renga, F. Voena, C. Ebert, M. Hartmann, T. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Castelli, G. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Roethel, W. Wilson, F. F. Emery, S. Escalier, M. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. White, R. M. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Grenier, P. Hast, C. Innes, W. R. Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. Nelson, S. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Zain, S. B. Spanier, S. M. Wogsland, B. J. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Dalitz plot analysis of the decay B-0((B)over-bar(0))-> K-+/-pi(-/+)pi(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE PHYSICS; MESONS AB We report a Dalitz-plot analysis of the charmless hadronic decays of neutral B mesons to K-+/- pi(-/+) pi(0) With a sample of (231.8 +/- 2.6) x 10(6)Y(4S) -> B (B) over bar B decays collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC, we measure the magnitudes and phases of the intermediate resonant and nonresonant amplitudes for B-0 and (B) over bar (0) decays and determine the corresponding CP-averaged branching fractions and charge asymmetries. The inclusive branching fraction and CP-violating charge asymmetry are measured to be B(B-0 -> K+ pi(-) pi(0)) = (35.7(-1.5)(+2.6) +/- 2.2) x 10(-6) and A(CP) -0.030(-0.051)(+0.045) +/- 0.055 where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. We observe the decay B-0 -> K*(0)(892)pi(0) with the branching fraction B(B-0 -> K*(0)(892)pi(0)) = (3.6(-0.8)(+0.7) +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) This measurement differs from zero by 5.6 standard deviations (including the systematic uncertainties). The selected sample also contains B-0 -> (D) over bar (0) pi(0) decays where (D) over bar (0) -> K+ pi(-), and we measure B(B-0 -> (D) over bar (0) pi(0)) = (2.93 +/- 0.17 +/- 0.18) x 10(-4). C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Garra Tico, J.; Grauges, E.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Sun, L.] Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Abrams, G. S.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D. N.; Button-Shafer, J.; Cahn, R. N.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kadyk, J. A.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Kukartsev, G.; Pegna, D. Lopes; Lynch, G.; Orimoto, T. J.; Osipenkov, I. L.; Ronan, M. T.; Tackmann, K.; Tanabe, T.; Wenzel, W. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, P. del Amo; Hawkes, C. M.; Soni, N.; Watson, A. T.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Koch, H.; Schroeder, T.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Walker, D.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Asgeirsson, D. J.; Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T.; Fulsom, B. G.; Hearty, C.; Mattison, T. S.; McKenna, J. A.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Barrett, M.; Khan, A.; Saleem, M.; Teodorescu, L.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Blinov, V. E.; Bukin, A. D.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Druzhinin, V. P.; Golubev, V. B.; Onuchin, A. P.; Serednyakov, S. I.; Skovpen, Yu. I.; Solodov, E. P.; Todyshev, K. Yu.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Bondioli, M.; Curry, S.; Eschrich, I.; Kirkby, D.; Lankford, A. J.; Lund, P.; Mandelkern, M.; Martin, E. C.; Stoker, D. P.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Abachi, S.; Buchanan, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Gary, J. W.; Liu, F.; Long, O.; Shen, B. C.; Vitug, G. M.; Zhang, L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Paar, H. P.; Rahatlou, S.; Sharma, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Berryhill, J. W.; Campagnari, C.; Cunha, A.; Dahmes, B.; Hong, T. M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Richman, J. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Beck, T. W.; Eisner, A. M.; Flacco, C. J.; Heusch, C. A.; Kroseberg, J.; Lockman, W. S.; Schalk, T.; Schumm, B. A.; Seiden, A.; Wilson, M. G.; Winstrom, L. O.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chen, E.; Cheng, C. H.; Echenard, B.; Fang, F.; Hitlin, D. G.; Narsky, I.; Piatenko, T.; Porter, F. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Andreassen, R.; Mancinelli, G.; Meadows, B. T.; Mishra, K.; Sokoloff, M. D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Blanc, F.; Bloom, P. C.; Ford, W. T.; Hirschauer, J. F.; Kreisel, A.; Nagel, M.; Nauenberg, U.; Olivas, A.; Smith, J. G.; Ulmer, K. A.; Wagner, S. R.; Zhang, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ayad, R.; Gabareen, A. M.; Soffer, A.; Toki, W. H.; Wilson, R. J.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Altenburg, D. 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B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.; Yu, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Peruzzi, I. M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Fabozzi, F.] Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Carpinelli, M.] Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014 OI Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963 FU U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France); Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands); Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain); Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom); Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); A. P. Sloan Foundation FX We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our PEP-II colleagues in achieving the excellent luminosity and machine conditions that have made this work possible. The success of this project also relies critically on the expertise and dedication of the computing organizations that support BABAR. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and the kind hospitality extended to them. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A. P. Sloan Foundation. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 052005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.052005 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600012 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Wenzel, WA Hawkes, CM Soni, N Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Yasin, Z Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Campagnari, C Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Mazur, MA Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Doll, DA Echenard, B Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Ayad, R Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Karbach, M Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Playfer, S Robertson, AI Watson, JE Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Santoro, V Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J D'Orazio, A Davier, M da Costa, JF Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Burke, JP Chavez, CA Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ George, KA Di Lodovico, F Sacco, R 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Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Wulsin, H. W. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Zain, S. B. Spanier, S. M. Wogsland, B. J. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Gershon, T. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Vuosalo, C. O. Wu, S. L. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for CP violation in neutral D meson Cabibbo-suppressed three-body decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Using 385 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) collision data collected at center-of-mass energies around 10.6 GeV, we search for time-integrated CP violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decays D(0)/(D) over bar (0) -> pi(-) pi(+) pi(0) D(0)/(D) over bar (0) -> K(-) K(+) pi(0) with both model- independent and model- dependent methods. Measurements of the asymmetries in amplitudes of flavor states and CP eigenstates provide constraints on theories beyond the standard C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. 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[Emery, S.; Escalier, M.; Gaidot, A.; Ganzhur, S. F.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W.; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] DSM Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chen, X. R.; Liu, H.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Benitez, J. F.; Cenci, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kaminski, J.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Lindquist, B.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; Neal, H.; Nelson, S.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. 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[Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Milanes, D. A.; Oyanguren, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Kutter, P. E.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Wu, S. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Peruzzi, I. M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Carpinelli, M.] Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Corwin, Luke/0000-0001-7143-3821; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955 FU DOE and NSF (USA); NSERC (Canada); CEA and CNRS-IN2P3 (France); BMBF and DFG (Germany); INFN (Italy); FOM (The Netherlands); NFR (Norway); MES (Russia); MEC (Spain); STFC (United Kingdom); University Research Council (University of Cincinnati); Marie Curie EIF (European Union); A. P. Sloan Foundation FX We are grateful for the excellent luminosity and machine conditions provided by our PEP-II colleagues, and for the substantial dedicated effort from the computing organizations that support BABAR. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and kind hospitality. This work is supported by DOE and NSF (USA), NSERC (Canada), CEA and CNRS-IN2P3 (France), BMBF and DFG (Germany), INFN (Italy), FOM (The Netherlands), NFR (Norway), MES (Russia), MEC (Spain), and STFC (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the University Research Council (University of Cincinnati), the Marie Curie EIF (European Union), and the A. P. Sloan Foundation. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 051102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.051102 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600003 ER PT J AU Bousso, R Freivogel, B Sekino, Y Shenker, S Susskind, L Yang, IS Yeh, CP AF Bousso, Raphael Freivogel, Ben Sekino, Yasuhiro Shenker, Stephen Susskind, Leonard Yang, I-Sheng Yeh, Chen-Pin TI Future foam: Nontrivial topology from bubble collisions in eternal inflation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITION; EARLY UNIVERSE; VACUUM; WORMHOLES; CREATION AB We study pocket universes which have zero cosmological constant and nontrivial boundary topology. These arise from bubble collisions in eternal inflation. Using a simplified dust model of collisions we find that boundaries of any genus can occur. Using a radiation shell model we perform analytic studies in the thin-wall limit to show the existence of geometries with a single toroidal boundary. We give plausibility arguments that higher genus boundaries can also occur. In geometries with one boundary of any genus a timelike observer can see the entire boundary. Geometries with multiple disconnected boundaries can also occur. In the spherical case with two boundaries the boundaries are separated by a horizon. Our results suggest that the holographic dual description for eternal inflation, proposed by Freivogel, Sekino, Susskind and Yeh, should include summation over the genus of the base space of the dual conformal field theory. We point out peculiarities of this genus expansion compared to the string perturbation series. C1 [Bousso, Raphael; Freivogel, Ben; Yang, I-Sheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bousso, Raphael; Freivogel, Ben; Yang, I-Sheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bousso, Raphael; Freivogel, Ben; Yang, I-Sheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sekino, Yasuhiro] Okayama Inst Quantum Phys, Okayama 7000015, Japan. [Sekino, Yasuhiro; Shenker, Stephen; Susskind, Leonard; Yeh, Chen-Pin] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bousso, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063538 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.063538 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800062 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Liang, ZT Sichtermann, E Xu, QH Zhou, SS AF Chen, Ye Liang, Zuo-tang Sichtermann, Ernst Xu, Qing-hua Zhou, Shan-shan TI Antihyperon polarization in high energy pp collisions with polarized beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CHARGED CURRENT INTERACTIONS; INCLUSIVE LAMBDA-PRODUCTION; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; SPIN-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; TO-LEADING-ORDER; (LAMBDA)OVER-BAR POLARIZATION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; BARYON PRODUCTION; LONGITUDINAL POLARIZATION AB We study the longitudinal polarization of the (Sigma) over bar (-), (Sigma) over bar (+), (Xi) over bar (0), (Xi) over bar (+) antihyperons is polarized high-energy pp collisions at large transverse momenta, extending a recent study of the (Lambda) over bar antihyperon. We make predictions by using different parameterizations of the polarized parton densities and models for the polarized fragmentation functions. Similar to the (Lambda) over bar polarization, the (Xi) over bar (0) and (Xi) over bar (+) polarizations are found to be sensitive to be polarized antistrange sea Delta(s) over bar (x) in the nucleon. The (Sigma) over bar (-) and (Sigma) over bar (+) polarizations show sensitivity to the light sea quark polarizations Delta(u) over bar (x) and Delta(d) over bar (x), and their asymmetry. C1 [Chen, Ye; Liang, Zuo-tang; Xu, Qing-hua; Zhou, Shan-shan] Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Sichtermann, Ernst; Xu, Qing-hua] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. FU National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [10525523, 10405016]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Nuclear Physics; Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province of China [2006GG2210013] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 10525523 and 10405016, and by the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Office of Nuclear Physics, and by the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province of China under Contract No. 2006GG2210013. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054007 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600028 ER PT J AU Denbleyker, A Du, DP Liu, YZ Meurice, Y Velytsky, A AF Denbleyker, A. Du, Daping Liu, Yuzhi Meurice, Y. Velytsky, A. TI Series expansions of the density of states in SU(2) lattice gauge theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECONFINING PHASE-TRANSITION; WILSON LOOPS AB We calculate numerically the density of states n(S) for SU(2) lattice gauge theory on L(4) lattices [S is the Wilson's action and n(S) measures the relative number of ways S can be obtained]. Small volume dependences are resolved for small values of S. We compare ln(n(S)) with weak and strong coupling expansions. Intermediate order expansions show a good overlap for values of S corresponding to the crossover. We relate the convergence of these expansions to those of the average plaquette. We show that, when known logarithmic singularities are subtracted from ln(n(S)), expansions in Legendre polynomials appear to converge and could be suitable to determine the Fisher's zeros of the partition function. C1 [Denbleyker, A.; Du, Daping; Liu, Yuzhi; Meurice, Y.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Velytsky, A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Velytsky, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Velytsky, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Denbleyker, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM alan-denbleyker@uiowa.edu; daping-du@uiowa.edu; yuzhi-liu@uiowa.edu; yannick-meurice@uiowa.edu; vel@theory.uchicago.edu OI Meurice, Yannick/0000-0002-0995-9694 FU Department of Energy [FG02-91ER40664]; Joint Theory Institute; Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research was supported in part by the Department of Energy under Contract No. FG02-91ER40664. A. V.'s work was supported by the Joint Theory Institute funded together by Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054503 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600051 ER PT J AU Detmold, W Orginos, K Savage, MJ Walker-Loud, A AF Detmold, William Orginos, Kostas Savage, Martin J. Walker-Loud, Andre CA NPLQCD Collaboration TI Kaon condensation with lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FINITE ISOSPIN DENSITY; CHIRAL FERMIONS; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM; SYSTEM; STATES; MATTER AB Kaon condensation may play an important role in the structure of hadronic matter at densities greater than that of nuclear matter, as exist in the interior of neutron stars. We present the results of the first lattice QCD investigation of kaon condensation obtained by studying systems containing up to 12 negatively charged kaons. Surprisingly, the properties of the condensate that we calculate are remarkably well reproduced by leading order chiral perturbation theory. In our analysis, we also determine the three-kaon interaction from the multi-kaon systems and update our results for pion condensates. C1 [Detmold, William; Savage, Martin J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Orginos, Kostas; Walker-Loud, Andre] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Orginos, Kostas] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Walker-Loud, Andre] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Detmold, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363 FU Office of Science of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG03-97ER4014, DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-FG02-07ER41527, DE-FG02-04ER41302]; National Science Foundation; Jeffress Memorial Trust [J-813] FX We thank Silas Beane, Tom Luu, Assumpta Parreno, and Aaron Torok for contributing to the quark propagator calculations required for this work. We thank Michael Endres and Steve Sharpe for discussions, and R. Edwards and B. Joo for help with the QDP + +/Chroma programming environment [40] with which the propagator calculations discussed here were performed. The computations for this work were performed at Jefferson Lab, Fermilab, Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (Barcelona, Spain), the University of Washington, and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. We are indebted to the MILC for use of their configurations. The work of M.J.S. and W. D. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-97ER4014. The work of K.O. was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 (JSA) and by the Jeffress Memorial Trust, Grant No. J-813, DOE OJI Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER41527 and DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER41302. The work of A. W.-L. was supported in part by DOE OJI Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER41527 and DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-93ER40762. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054514 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600062 ER PT J AU Duffy, LD Sikivie, P AF Duffy, L. D. Sikivie, P. TI Caustic ring model of the Milky Way halo SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER HALOS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; PLANE-CO SURVEY; EXTENDED ROTATION CURVES; 1ST GALACTIC QUADRANT; PHASE-SPACE STRUCTURE; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; 2-BODY RELAXATION; MODIFIED DYNAMICS AB We present a proposal for the full phase-space distribution of the Milky Way halo. The model is axially and reflection symmetric and its time evolution is self-similar. It describes the halo as a set of discrete dark matter flows with stated densities and velocity vectors everywhere. We first discuss the general conditions under which the time evolution of a cold collisionless self-gravitating fluid is self-similar, and show that symmetry is not necessary for self-similarity. When spherical symmetry is imposed, the model is the same as described by Fillmore and Goldreich, and by Bertschinger, twenty-three years ago. The spherically symmetric model depends on one dimensionless parameter epsilon and two dimensionful parameters. We set epsilon = 0.3, a value consistent with the slope of the power spectrum of density perturbations on galactic scales. The dimensionful parameters are determined by the galactic rotation velocity (220 km/s) at the position of the Sun and by the age of the Galaxy (13.7 Gyr). The properties of the outer caustics are derived in the spherically symmetric model. The structure of the inner halo depends on the angular momentum distribution of the dark matter particles. We assume that distribution to be axial and reflection symmetric, and dominated by net overall rotation. The inner caustics are rings whose radii are determined in terms of a single additional parameter j(max). We summarize the observational evidence in support of the model. The evidence is consistent with j(max) = 0.18 in Concordance cosmology, equivalent to j(max,old) = 0.26 in Einstein-de Sitter cosmology. We give formulas to estimate the flow densities and velocity vectors anywhere in the Milky Way halo. The properties of the first 40 flows at the location of the Earth are listed. C1 [Duffy, L. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sikivie, P.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Duffy, LD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lduffy@lanl.gov; sikivie@phys.ufl.edu OI Duffy, Leanne/0000-0002-0123-6723 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0297ER41209] FX We are grateful to Igor Tkachev for having made available to us his numerical codes for solving the equations of the self-similar model. This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG0297ER41209. P. S. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics while working on this project. NR 73 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.063508 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800032 ER PT J AU Edwards, RG Joo, B Lin, HW AF Edwards, Robert G. Joo, Balint Lin, Huey-Wen TI Tuning for three flavors of anisotropic clover fermions with stout-link smearing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NONPERTURBATIVE O(A) IMPROVEMENT; LATTICE GAUGE-THEORIES; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ROPER RESONANCE; QCD; QUARKS AB In this work we perform the parameter tuning of three flavors of dynamical clover quarks on anisotropic lattices. The fermion action uses three-dimensional spatial stout-link smearing. The gauge anisotropy is determined in a small box with Schrodinger background using Wilson-loop ratios. The fermion anisotropy is obtained from studying the meson dispersion relation with antiperiodic boundary conditions in the time direction. The spatial and temporal clover coefficients are fixed to the tree-level tadpole-improved values, and we demonstrate that they satisfy the nonperturbative conditions as determined by the Schrodinger-functional method. For the desired lattice spacing a(s) approximate to 0.12 fm and renormalized anisotropy xi = 3.5, we find the gauge and fermionic anisotropies can be fixed to quark mass independent values up through the strange quark mass. This work lays the foundation needed for further studies of the excited-state hadron spectrum. C1 [Edwards, Robert G.; Joo, Balint; Lin, Huey-Wen] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Edwards, RG (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM edwards@jlab.org; bjoo@jlab.org; hwlin@jlab.org FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX We thank Colin Morningstar, Michael Peardon, and David Richards for several valuable discussions. We particularly thank Justin Foley for some perturbation theory calculations, and Nilmani Mathur for help during an early stage of this work. This work was done using the Chroma software suite [29] on clusters at Jefferson Laboratory using time awarded under the USQCD Initiative. Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 54 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054501 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600049 ER PT J AU Finkbeiner, DP Padmanabhan, N Weiner, N AF Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Weiner, Neal TI CMB and 21-cm signals for dark matter with a long-lived excited state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION; POLARIZATION; HYDROGEN; UNIVERSE; LINE; ANNIHILATIONS; REIONIZATION; COLLISIONS; DECAYS; IMPACT AB Motivated by the eXciting dark matter model of Finkbeiner and Weiner, hypothesized to explain the 511 keV signal in the center of the Milky Way, we consider the cosmic microwave background and 21-cm signatures of models of dark matter with collisional long-lived excited states. We compute the relic excitation fraction from the early Universe for a variety of assumptions about the collisional de-excitation cross section and thermal decoupling. The relic excitation fraction can be as high as 1% for natural regions of parameter space, but could be orders of magnitude smaller. Since the lifetime of the excited state is naturally greater than 10(13) s, we discuss the signatures of such relic excitation on cosmic microwave background and high-z 21-cm observations. Such models have potentially richer astrophysical signals than the traditional weakly interacting massive particle annihilations and decays, and may have observable consequences for future generations of experiments. C1 [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weiner, Neal] NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Finkbeiner, DP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.063530 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800054 ER PT J AU Fox, PJ Ligeti, Z Papucci, M Perez, G Schwartz, MD AF Fox, Patrick J. Ligeti, Zoltan Papucci, Michele Perez, Gilad Schwartz, Matthew D. TI Deciphering top flavor violation at the CERN LHC with B factories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; STANDARD MODEL; CP VIOLATION; RARE DECAYS; UNITARITY TRIANGLE; LEPTON SPECTRUM; QUARK PHYSICS; HEAVY MESONS; WEAK DECAYS; CKM MATRIX AB The CERN LHC will have unprecedented sensitivity to flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) top quark decays, whose observation would be a clear sign of physics beyond the standard model. Although many details of top flavor violation are model dependent, the standard model gauge symmetries relate top FCNCs to other processes, which are strongly constrained by existing data. We study these constraints in a model-independent way, using a low energy effective theory from which the new physics is integrated out. We consider the most important operators which contribute to top FCNCs and analyze the current constraints on them. We find that the data rule out top FCNCs at a level observable at the LHC due to most of the operators comprising left-handed first or second generation quark fields, while there remains a substantial window for top decays mediated by operators with right-handed charm or up quarks. If FCNC top decays are observed at the LHC, such an analysis may help decipher the underlying physics. C1 [Fox, Patrick J.; Ligeti, Zoltan; Papucci, Michele] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Papucci, Michele] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Perez, Gilad] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Schwartz, Matthew D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Fox, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [NSF-PHY-0401513] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Chris Arnesen and Iain Stewart on B arrow mark philoverbarmew [ 30], Frank Tackmann on B arrowmark Xsl+l- [19], and Phillip Urquijo about the Belle measurement of B arrowmark Xcloverbarmew [29]. P. F., M. P., and G. P. thank the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality while part of this work was completed. The work of P F., Z.L., and M. P. was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. M. S. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF-PHY-0401513. NR 84 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054008 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600029 ER PT J AU Gelis, F Lappi, T Venugopalan, R AF Gelis, Francois Lappi, Tuomas Venugopalan, Raju TI High energy factorization in nucleus-nucleus collisions. I SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELDS; STRONG EXTERNAL SOURCES; SMALL-X; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; HADRON-COLLISIONS AB We derive a high energy factorization theorem for inclusive gluon production in A + A collisions. Our factorized formula resums (i) all-order leading logarithms (g(2)ln(1/x(1,2)))(n) of the incoming parton momentum fractions, and (ii) all contributions (g rho(1,2))(n) that are enhanced when the color charge densities in the two nuclei are of order of the inverse coupling-rho(1,2) similar to g(-1). The resummed inclusive gluon spectrum can be expressed as a convolution of gauge invariant distributions W[rho(1,2)] from each of the nuclei with the leading order gluon number operator. These distributions are shown to satisfy the JIMWLK equation describing the evolution of nuclear wave functions with rapidity. As a by-product, we demonstrate that the JIMWLK Hamiltonian can be derived entirely in terms of retarded light-cone Green's functions without any ambiguities in their pole prescriptions. We comment on the implications of our results for understanding the Glasma produced at early times in A + A collisions at collider energies. C1 [Gelis, Francois] CERN, Div Theory, PH TH, Case C01600, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Lappi, Tuomas] CEA Saclay, DSM, CNRS,URA 2306, Inst Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Venugopalan, Raju] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, PH TH, Case C01600, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-06-BLAN-0285-01] FX We would like to thank Nestor Armesto, Edmond Iancu, Jamal Jalilian-Marian, Yuri Kovchegov, Alex Kovner, Misha Lublinsky, and Larry McLerran for very useful conversations. F. G. and R. V. thank the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics of Kyoto University and the Yukawa International Program for Quark-Hadron Sciences for their support during the completion of this work. R. V.' s work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. F. G.' s work is supported in part by Agence Nationale de la Recherche via the programme ANR-06-BLAN-0285-01. NR 113 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054019 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054019 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600040 ER PT J AU Gelis, F Lappi, T Venugopalan, R AF Gelis, Francois Lappi, Tuomas Venugopalan, Raju TI High energy factorization in nucleus-nucleus collisions. II. Multigluon correlations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; STRONG EXTERNAL SOURCES; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; SMALL-X; FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; SCATTERING AB We extend previous results from the preceding paper on factorization in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions by computing the inclusive multigluon spectrum to next-to-leading order. The factorization formula is strictly valid for multigluon emission in a slice of rapidity of width Delta Y <= alpha(-1)(s). Our results shows that often neglected disconnected graphs dominate the inclusive multigluon spectrum, and are crucial in order to achieve factorization for this quantity. These results provide a dynamical framework for the Glasma flux tube picture of the striking "ridge''-like correlation seen in heavy ion collisions. C1 [Gelis, Francois] CERN, Div Theory, PH TH, Case C01600, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Lappi, Tuomas] CEA Saclay, DSM,CNRS, URA 2306, Inst Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Venugopalan, Raju] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, PH TH, Case C01600, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-06-BLAN-0285-01] FX R. V.' s work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. F. G.' s work is supported in part by Agence Nationale de la Recherche via the programme ANR-06-BLAN-0285-01. NR 58 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054020 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600041 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishna, S Jung, SH Wells, JD AF Gopalakrishna, Shrihari Jung, Sunghoon Wells, James D. TI Higgs boson decays to four fermions through an Abelian hidden sector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STANDARD MODEL AB We consider a generic Abelian hidden sector that couples to the standard model only through gauge-invariant renormalizable operators. This allows the exotic Higgs boson to mix with the standard model Higgs boson, and the exotic Abelian gauge boson to mix with the standard model hypercharge gauge boson. One immediate consequence of spontaneous breaking of the hidden sector gauge group is the possible decay of the lightest Higgs boson into four fermions through intermediate exotic gauge bosons. We study the implications of this decay for Higgs boson phenomenology at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Our emphasis is on the four-lepton final state. C1 [Gopalakrishna, Shrihari] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jung, Sunghoon; Wells, James D.] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wells, James D.] CERN, Theory Div PH TH, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Gopalakrishna, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Gopalakrishna, Shrihari/0000-0002-3476-0011 FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Samsung FX We are grateful to S. Protopopescu, J. Qian, and M. Strassler for discussions, and J. Alwall and R. Frederix for generous technical help. This work is supported in part by the DOE. S. G. is supported in part by DOE Grant No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 (BNL). S. J. is supported in part by Samsung. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 055002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.055002 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600064 ER PT J AU Green, D AF Green, Daniel TI Worldlines as Wilson lines SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLE COMPLEMENTARITY; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; STRING THEORY; PLANCK SCALE; SITTER SPACE; OBSERVABLES; INFLATION; DYNAMICS; DIAGRAMS; FIELD AB Gravitational theories do not admit gauge invariant local operators. We study the limits under which there exists a quasilocal description for a class of nonlocal gravitational observables where a sum over worldlines plays the role of the Wilson line for gauge theory observables. We study nonlocal corrections to the local description and circumstances where these corrections become large. We find that these operators are quasilocal in flat space and anti-de Sitter, but fail to be quasilocal in de Sitter space. C1 [Green, Daniel] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Green, Daniel] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Green, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM drgreen@stanford.edu FU NSERC; Mellam Family Foundation; DOE [DE-AC0376SF00515]; NSF [9870115] FX I would to thank Peter Graham, Matt Headrick, Michael Mulligan, Eva Silverstein, Dusan Simic, David Starr, Bill Unruh and Sho Yaida for helpful discussions. This project was supported in part by NSERC, the Mellam Family Foundation, the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC0376SF00515 and the NSF under Contract No. 9870115. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064066 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.064066 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800137 ER PT J AU Jansson, A Mena, O Parke, S Saoulidou, N AF Jansson, Andreas Mena, Olga Parke, Stephen Saoulidou, Niki TI Combining CPT-conjugate neutrino channels at Fermilab SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BETA-BEAM; OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS; SUPERBEAM EXPERIMENTS; MATTER; VIOLATION; PHYSICS; HIERARCHY AB We explore an alternative strategy to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy by making use of possible future neutrino facilities at Fermilab. Here, we use CPT-conjugate neutrino channels, exploiting a nu(mu) beam from the NuMI beamline and a (nu) over bar (e) beam from a beta-beam experimental setup. Both experiments are performed at approximately the same < E >/L. We present different possible accelerator scenarios for the beta-beam neutrino setup and fluxes. This CPT-conjugate neutrino channel scenario can extract the neutrino mass hierarchy down to sin(2)2 theta(13) approximate to 0.02. C1 [Jansson, Andreas; Parke, Stephen; Saoulidou, Niki] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Mena, Olga] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Jansson, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Parke, Stephen/0000-0003-2028-6782 FU European Programme "The Quest for Unification'' [MRTN-CT-2004-503369]; FRA under DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; Theoretical Physics Department at Fermilab FX We wish to thank A. Donini for useful comments on the manuscript. We thank as well P. Huber and M. Dierckxsens for providing the DUSEL WBB beam data. O.M. is supported by the European Programme "The Quest for Unification'' Contract No. MRTN-CT-2004-503369. Fermilab is operated by FRA under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. O.M. would like to thank the Theoretical Physics Department at Fermilab for hospitality and support. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 053002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.053002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600015 ER PT J AU Kodama, K Ushida, N Andreopoulos, C Saoulidou, N Tzanakos, G Yager, P Baller, B Boehnlein, D Freeman, W Lundberg, B Morfin, J Rameika, R Chung, SH Song, JS Yoon, CS Berghaus, P Kubantsev, M Reay, NW Sidwell, R Stanton, N Yoshida, S Aoki, S Hara, T Rhee, JT Ciampa, D Erickson, C Graham, M Maher, E Heller, K Rusack, R Schwienhorst, R Sielaff, J Trammell, J Wilcox, J Furukawa, T Hoshino, K Jiko, H Komatsu, M Nakamura, M Nakano, T Niwa, K Nonaka, N Okada, K Park, BD Sato, O Takahashi, S Paolone, V Rosenfeld, C Kulik, A Kafka, T Oliver, W Patzak, T Schneps, J AF Kodama, K. Ushida, N. Andreopoulos, C. Saoulidou, N. Tzanakos, G. Yager, P. Baller, B. Boehnlein, D. Freeman, W. Lundberg, B. Morfin, J. Rameika, R. Chung, S. H. Song, J. S. Yoon, C. S. Berghaus, P. Kubantsev, M. Reay, N. W. Sidwell, R. Stanton, N. Yoshida, S. Aoki, S. Hara, T. Rhee, J. T. Ciampa, D. Erickson, C. Graham, M. Maher, E. Heller, K. Rusack, R. Schwienhorst, R. Sielaff, J. Trammell, J. Wilcox, J. Furukawa, T. Hoshino, K. Jiko, H. Komatsu, M. Nakamura, M. Nakano, T. Niwa, K. Nonaka, N. Okada, K. Park, B. D. Sato, O. Takahashi, S. Paolone, V. Rosenfeld, C. Kulik, A. Kafka, T. Oliver, W. Patzak, T. Schneps, J. CA DONuT Collaboration TI Final tau-neutrino results from the DONuT experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MESON PRODUCTION; EMULSION INTERACTIONS; FIXED-TARGET; GEV/C PI; CHARM; GENERATION; PARTICLE; PHYSICS; BEAUTY; D+ AB The DONuT experiment collected data in 1997 and published first results in 2000 based on four observed v(tau) charged-current (CC) interactions. The final analysis of the data collected in the experiment is presented in this paper, based on 3.6 x 10(17) protons on target using the 800 GeV Tevatron beam at Fermilab. The number of observed v(tau) CC events is 9 with an estimated background of 1.5 events, from a total of 578 observed neutrino interactions. We calculate the v(tau) CC cross section as a function of one parameter. Assuming D(s) mesons are the sole source for v(tau), the energy-independent part of the total CC cross section can be parametrized as sigma(const)(v(tau)) = 2.51n(1.52) x 10(-40) cm(2) GeV(-1) for n >= 4, where n is the parameter controlling the longitudinal part of the Ds differential cross section of the form d sigma/dx(F) proportional to (1-vertical bar x(F)vertical bar)(n). The analysis could not distinguish between v(tau) and (v) over bar (tau). The value of n obtained from PYTHIA simulations, n = 6.1, gives an estimated value of sigma(const)(v(tau))= (0.39 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.13) x 10(-38) cm(2) GeV(-1). C1 [Kodama, K.; Ushida, N.] Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 4418522, Japan. [Andreopoulos, C.; Saoulidou, N.; Tzanakos, G.] Univ Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Yager, P.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Baller, B.; Boehnlein, D.; Freeman, W.; Lundberg, B.; Morfin, J.; Rameika, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Chung, S. H.; Song, J. S.; Yoon, C. S.] Gyeongsang Univ, Chiju 660701, South Korea. [Berghaus, P.; Kubantsev, M.; Reay, N. W.; Sidwell, R.; Stanton, N.; Yoshida, S.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Aoki, S.; Hara, T.] Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Rhee, J. T.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Ciampa, D.; Erickson, C.; Graham, M.; Maher, E.; Heller, K.; Rusack, R.; Schwienhorst, R.; Sielaff, J.; Trammell, J.; Wilcox, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Furukawa, T.; Hoshino, K.; Jiko, H.; Komatsu, M.; Nakamura, M.; Nakano, T.; Niwa, K.; Nonaka, N.; Okada, K.; Park, B. D.; Sato, O.; Takahashi, S.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Paolone, V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Rosenfeld, C.; Kulik, A.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Kafka, T.; Oliver, W.; Patzak, T.; Schneps, J.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Kodama, K (reprint author), Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 4418522, Japan. RI Aoki, Shigeki/L-6044-2015 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 052002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.052002 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600009 ER PT J AU Martin, SP AF Martin, Stephen P. TI Exploring compressed supersymmetry with same-sign top quarks at the CERN Large Hadron Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER; RELIC DENSITY; MEASURING MASSES; GAUGINO MASSES; MSSM; PROGRAM; SUGRA; WMAP; CONSTRAINTS; MICROMEGAS AB In compressed supersymmetry, a light top squark naturally mediates efficient neutralino pair annihilation to govern the thermal relic abundance of dark matter. I study the CERN LHC signal of same-sign leptonic top-quark decays from gluino and squark production, which follows from gluino decays to top plus stop followed by the stop decaying to a charm quark and the LSP in these models. Measurements of the numbers of jets with heavy-flavor tags in the same-sign lepton events can be used to confirm the origin of the signal. Summed transverse momentum observables provide an estimate of an effective superpartner mass, which is correlated with the gluino mass. Measurements of invariant mass endpoints from the visible products of gluino decays do not allow direct determination of superpartner masses, but can place constraints on them, including lower bounds on the gluino mass as a function of the top-squark mass. C1 [Martin, Stephen P.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Martin, Stephen P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Martin, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Martin, SP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0456635, PHY05-51164] FX I am indebted to John Conway, Dave Hedin, Michel Herquet, Gudrun Hiller, Tilman Plehn, and Tim Stelzer for helpful communications. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-0456635. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164. NR 98 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 055019 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.055019 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600081 ER PT J AU Munier, S Salam, GP Soyez, G AF Munier, S. Salam, G. P. Soyez, G. TI Traveling waves and impact-parameter correlations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HIGH-ENERGY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; FRONT PROPAGATION; POMERON LOOPS; QCD EVOLUTION; EQUATION; FLUCTUATIONS; UNITARITY; MOMENTUM AB It is usually assumed that the high-energy evolution of partons in QCD remains local in coordinate space. In particular, fixed impact-parameter scattering is thought to be in the universality class of onedimensional reaction-diffusion processes as if the evolutions at different points in the transverse plane became uncorrelated through rapidity evolution. We check this assumption by numerically comparing a toy model with QCD-like impact-parameter dependence to its exact counterpart with uniform evolution in impact-parameter space. We find quantitative differences, but which seem to amount to a mere rescaling of the strong coupling constant. Since the rescaling factor does not show any strong alpha(s) dependence, we conclude that locality is well verified, up to subleading terms at small alpha(s). C1 [Munier, S.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Salam, G. P.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Univ Paris 06, LPTHE,UMR 7589, Paris, France. [Soyez, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Munier, S (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. FU Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (France) [ANR06-JCJC-0084-02]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0298CH10886]; INFN FX The work of S. M. is supported in part by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (France), Contract No. ANR06-JCJC-0084-02. G. S. is supported by Contract No. DE-AC0298CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We thank the Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics for the hospitality and the INFN for partial support when this work was being initiated. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054009 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600030 ER PT J AU Roura, A Verdaguer, E AF Roura, Albert Verdaguer, Enric TI Cosmological perturbations from stochastic gravity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; WEAKLY INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGIES; EINSTEIN-LANGEVIN EQUATION; EVAPORATING BLACK-HOLE; SEMICLASSICAL GRAVITY; PRIMORDIAL FLUCTUATIONS; QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS; CURVED SPACETIME; BACK-REACTION AB In inflationary cosmological models driven by an inflaton field the origin of the primordial inhomogeneities which are responsible for large-scale structure formation are the quantum fluctuations of the inflaton field. These are usually calculated using the standard theory of cosmological perturbations, where both the gravitational and the inflaton fields are linearly perturbed and quantized. The correlation functions for the primordial metric fluctuations and their power spectrum are then computed. Here we introduce an alternative procedure for calculating the metric correlations based on the Einstein-Langevin equation which emerges in the framework of stochastic semiclassical gravity. We show that the correlation functions for the metric perturbations that follow from the Einstein-Langevin formalism coincide with those obtained with the usual quantization procedures when the scalar field perturbations are linearized. This method is explicitly applied to a simple model of chaotic inflation consisting of a Robertson-Walker background, which undergoes a quasi-de Sitter expansion, minimally coupled to a free massive quantum scalar field. The technique based on the Einstein-Langevin equation can, however, deal naturally with the perturbations of the scalar field even beyond the linear approximation, as is actually required in inflationary models which are not driven by an inflaton field, such as Starobinsky's trace-anomaly driven inflation or when calculating corrections due to nonlinear quantum effects in the usual inflaton driven models. C1 [Roura, Albert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Verdaguer, Enric] Univ Barcelona, Dept Fis Fonamental, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Verdaguer, Enric] Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Roura, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Verdaguer, Enric/M-3384-2014 OI Verdaguer, Enric/0000-0001-6548-1229 NR 97 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 064010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.064010 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800081 ER PT J AU Schneider, MD Knox, L Habib, S Heitmann, K Higdon, D Nakhleh, C AF Schneider, Michael D. Knox, Lloyd Habib, Salman Heitmann, Katrin Higdon, David Nakhleh, Charles TI Simulations and cosmological inference: A statistical model for power spectra means and covariances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATIN HYPERCUBES; MATRICES; INFORMATION; PARAMETERS; DESIGNS AB We describe an approximate statistical model for the sample variance distribution of the nonlinear matter power spectrum that can be calibrated from limited numbers of simulations. Our model retains the common assumption of a multivariate normal distribution for the power spectrum band powers but takes full account of the (parameter-dependent) power spectrum covariance. The model is calibrated using an extension of the framework in Habib et al. (2007) to train Gaussian processes for the power spectrum mean and covariance given a set of simulation runs over a hypercube in parameter space. We demonstrate the performance of this machinery by estimating the parameters of a power-law model for the power spectrum. Within this framework, our calibrated sample variance distribution is robust to errors in the estimated covariance and shows rapid convergence of the posterior parameter constraints with the number of training simulations. C1 [Schneider, Michael D.; Knox, Lloyd] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Habib, Salman; Heitmann, Katrin; Higdon, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nakhleh, Charles] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schneider, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM schneider@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063529 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.063529 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800053 ER PT J AU Shifman, M Unsal, M AF Shifman, M. Uensal, Mithat TI QCD-like theories on R-3 x S-1: A smooth journey from small to large r(S-1) with double-trace deformations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID YANG-MILLS THEORY; GAUGE-THEORIES; QUARK CONFINEMENT; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; GLUINO CONDENSATE; FIELD-THEORIES; MONOPOLES; LATTICE; PSEUDOPARTICLE; TEMPERATURE AB We consider QCD- like theories with one massless fermion in various representations of the gauge group SU(N). The theories are formulated on R-3 x S-1. In the decompactification limit of large r(S-1) all these theories are characterized by confinement, mass gap, and spontaneous breaking of a (discrete) chiral symmetry (chi SB). At small r(S-1), in order to stabilize the vacua of these theories at a center- symmetric point, we suggest to perform a double- trace deformation. With this deformation, the theories at hand are at weak coupling at small r(S-1) and yet exhibit basic features of the large r(S-1) limit: confinement and chi SB. We calculate the string tension, mass gap, bifermion condensates, and theta dependence. The double- trace deformation becomes dynamically irrelevant at large r(S-1). Despite the fact that at small r(S-1) confinement is Abelian, while it is expected to be non- Abelian at large r(S-1), we argue that small and large r(S-1) physics are continuously connected. If so, one can use small r(S-1) laboratory to extract lessons about QCD and QCD- like theories on R-4. C1 [Shifman, M.] Univ Minnesota, William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Shifman, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. FU DOE [DE-FG02-94ER40823]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX M. U . thanks E. Silverstein for discussions on double-trace deformations, and D. T. Son for discussions on Polyakov's model. M. S. is grateful to A. Yung for endless discussions of Abelian vs non- Abelian confinement. We would like to thank Adi Armoni for stimulating questions and fruitful correspondence. The work of M. S. is supported in part by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-94ER40823. The work of M. U ". is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 53 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.065004 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800148 ER PT J AU Sinclair, DK AF Sinclair, D. K. TI Separating the scales of confinement and chiral-symmetry breaking in lattice QCD with fundamental quarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECONFINING PHASE-TRANSITION; DYNAMICAL MODEL; FIELD-THEORIES; GAUGE-THEORY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; RESTORATION; ANALOGY AB Suggested holographic duals of QCD, based on AdS/CFT duality, predict that one should be able to vary the scales of color confinement and chiral-symmetry breaking independently. Furthermore they suggest that such independent variation of scales can be achieved by the inclusion of extra 4-fermion interactions in QCD. We simulate lattice QCD with such extra 4-fermion terms at finite temperatures and show that for strong enough 4-fermion couplings the deconfinement transition occurs at a lower temperature than the chiral-symmetry restoration transition. Moreover the separation of these transitions depends on the size of the 4-fermion coupling, confirming the predictions from the proposed holographic dual of QCD. We use simpler 4-fermion interactions than those suggested by these dual theories to facilitate our simulations. This is because we believe that the physics we wish to study should be insensitive to the precise form of these interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div & Joint Theory Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sinclair, DK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div & Joint Theory Inst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Joint Theory Institute; University of Kentucky [NRAC] FX We thank Jeffrey Harvey and David Kutasov for asking the questions which led to these studies. We also acknowledge helpful discussions with Cosmas Zachos and Alexander Velytsky. In addition, we thank John Kogut for permitting us to use results from our previous work [23]. This research was supported in part by US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and in part under a Joint Theory Institute grant. The simulations were performed on NERSC's Cray XT4, Franklin. The results from the earlier work included in Fig. 3 were obtained using the HP Superdome at the University of Kentucky under an NRAC grant. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 5 AR 054512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.054512 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355EQ UT WOS:000259692600060 ER PT J AU Unsal, M Yaffe, LG AF Uensal, Mithat Yaffe, Laurence G. TI Center-stabilized Yang-Mills theory: Confinement and large N volume independence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; STATE VARIATIONAL ALGORITHM; EGUCHI-KAWAI MODEL; NONTRIVIAL HOLONOMY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; INSTANTONS; QCD; MONOPOLES; DYNAMICS; DUALITY AB We examine a double trace deformation of SU(N) Yang-Mills theory which, for large N and large volume, is equivalent to unmodified Yang-Mills theory up to O(1/N(2)) corrections. In contrast to the unmodified theory, large N volume independence is valid in the deformed theory down to arbitrarily small volumes. The double trace deformation prevents the spontaneous breaking of center symmetry which would otherwise disrupt large N volume independence in small volumes. For small values of N, if the theory is formulated on R(3) X S(1) with a sufficiently small compactification size L, then an analytic treatment of the nonperturbative dynamics of the deformed theory is possible. In this regime, we show that the deformed Yang-Mills theory has a mass gap and exhibits linear confinement. Increasing the circumference L or number of colors N decreases the separation of scales on which the analytic treatment relies. However, there are no order parameters which distinguish the small and large radius regimes. Consequently, for small N the deformed theory provides a novel example of a locally four-dimensional puregauge theory in which one has analytic control over confinement, while for large N it provides a simple fully reduced model for Yang-Mills theory. The construction is easily generalized to QCD and other QCD-like theories. C1 [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yaffe, Laurence G.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Unsal, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM unsal@slac.stanford.edu; yaffe@phys.washington.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC0276SF00515, DE-FG02-96ER40956]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164] FX We thank Barak Bringoltz and Steve Sharpe for calling our attention to the issue of spontaneous breaking to diagonal subgroups when there are multiple compactified directions. We thank Chung-I Tan for bringing Ref. [41] to our attention. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants No. DEAC0276SF00515 and No. DE-FG02-96ER40956, and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164. L. Y. thanks the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics for its hospitality during the completion of this paper. NR 55 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065035 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.065035 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800179 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS Malloggi, F Clement, E AF Aranson, Igor S. Tsimring, Lev S. Malloggi, Florent Clement, Eric TI Nonlocal rheological properties of granular flows near a jamming limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ROUGH INCLINED PLANES; MOTION; MEDIA; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; MODELS; WAVES; MASS; LAW AB We study the rheology of sheared granular flows close to a jamming transition. We use the approach of partially fluidized theory (PFT) with a full set of equations extending the thin layer approximation derived previously for the description of the granular avalanches phenomenology. This theory provides a picture compatible with a local rheology at large shear rates [G. D. R. Midi, Eur. Phys. J. E 14, 341 (2004)] and it works in the vicinity of the jamming transition, where a description in terms of a simple local rheology comes short. We investigate two situations displaying important deviations from local rheology. The first one is based on a set of numerical simulations of sheared soft two-dimensional circular grains. The next case describes previous experimental results obtained on avalanches of sandy material flowing down an incline. Both cases display, close to jamming, significant deviations from the now standard Pouliquen's flow rule [O. Pouliquen, Phys. Fluids 11, 542 (1999); 11, 1956 (1999)]. This discrepancy is the hallmark of a strongly nonlocal rheology and in both cases, we relate the empirical results and the outcomes of PFT. The numerical simulations show a characteristic constitutive structure for the fluid part of the stress involving the confining pressure and the material stiffness that appear in the form of an additional dimensionless parameter. This constitutive relation is then used to describe the case of sandy flows. We show a quantitative agreement as far as the effective flow rules are concerned. A fundamental feature is identified in PFT as the existence of a jammed layer developing in the vicinity of the flow arrest that corroborates the experimental findings. Finally, we study the case of solitary erosive granular avalanches and relate the outcome with the PFT analysis. C1 [Aranson, Igor S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tsimring, Lev S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Malloggi, Florent; Clement, Eric] Univ P6 P7, PMMH, UMR 7636, CNRS ESPCI, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 FU US DOE, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-04ER46135]; ANR project PIGE FX We thank D. Volfson for help with numerical simulations and useful discussions. I. A. and L. T. were supported by US DOE, Office of Science, Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and No. DE-FG02-04ER46135. E. C. and F. M. were supported by the ANR project PIGE "Physique des Instabilites Gravitaires et Erosives." NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 031303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.031303 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 355BD UT WOS:000259682700048 PM 18851027 ER PT J AU Chumakov, SG AF Chumakov, Sergei G. TI A priori study of subgrid-scale flux of a passive scalar in isotropic homogeneous turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; STRAIN-RATE; MODEL; GRADIENT; DISSIPATION; VORTICITY; FLOWS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB We perform a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence with a passive scalar that is forced by mean gradient. The DNS data are used to study the properties of subgrid-scale flux of a passive scalar in the framework of large eddy simulation (LES), such as alignment trends between the flux, resolved, and subgrid-scale flow structures. It is shown that the direction of the flux is strongly coupled with the subgrid-scale stress axes rather than the resolved flow quantities such as strain, vorticity, or scalar gradient. We derive an approximate transport equation for the subgrid-scale flux of a scalar and look at the relative importance of the terms in the transport equation. A particular form of LES tensor-viscosity model for the scalar flux is investigated, which includes the subgrid-scale stress. Effect of different models for the subgridscale stress on the model for the subgrid-scale flux is studied. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chumakov, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & T3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chumakov@lanl.gov FU LANL; US Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG] FX The author is indebted to C. J. Rutland, R. Rubinstein, C. Meneveau, and R. Rauenzahn for stimulating discussions, and to anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. The computations were performed using the computational resources at Center for Nonlinear Studies and various Linux clusters at LANL via Institutional Computing Grant. This work was performed under auspices of the US Department of Energy (Contract No. W-7405-ENG). NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 036313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.036313 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 355BH UT WOS:000259683100058 PM 18851149 ER PT J AU Jeon, B Foster, M Colgan, J Csanak, G Kress, JD Collins, LA Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Jeon, B. Foster, M. Colgan, J. Csanak, G. Kress, J. D. Collins, L. A. Gronbech-Jensen, N. TI Energy relaxation rates in dense hydrogen plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMA; ELECTRON-ION EQUILIBRATION; TEMPERATURE RELAXATION; THERMAL EQUILIBRATION AB A comprehensive study is made of the energy relaxation rates between ions and electrons in a dense hydrogen plasma. Results of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are compared with quantal calculations using the Fermi golden rule and using dimensional continuation. The rates from the molecular dynamics simulations employing a screened potential are found to be in reasonable agreement with the Landau-Spitzer relaxation rates, and are around 30% higher than the Fermi golden rule rates. By inverting the classical MD relaxation rate vs the quantal result, a semiclassical value for the screening length is suggested. We present energy relaxation rates relevant for radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of inertial confinement fusion devices. C1 [Jeon, B.; Foster, M.; Colgan, J.; Csanak, G.; Kress, J. D.; Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jeon, B.; Gronbech-Jensen, N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jeon, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jeon, ByoungSeon/D-2281-2012; OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We acknowledge support from the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program's Mix & Burn Theory Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We acknowledge fruitful discussions with D. Kilcrease, G. Dimonte, B. Singleton, L. Brown, J. Daligault, and D. Vrinceanu. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 036403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.036403 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 355BH UT WOS:000259683100074 PM 18851165 ER PT J AU Libal, A Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Libal, A. Reichhardt, C. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson TI Enhancing mixing and diffusion with plastic flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LATTICE; FLUX; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; SURFACES; ARRAYS; RIVERS; NOISE AB We use numerical simulations to examine two-dimensional particle mixtures that strongly phase separate in equilibrium. When the system is externally driven in the presence of quenched disorder, plastic flow occurs in the form of meandering and strongly mixing channels. In some cases, this can produce a fast and complete mixing of previously segregated particle species, as well as an enhancement of transverse diffusion even in the absence of thermal fluctuations. We map the mixing phase diagram as a function of external driving and quenched disorder parameters. C1 [Libal, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Libal, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Libal, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089; Libal, Andras/0000-0002-9850-9264 FU U. S. DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the U. S. DOE at LANL under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 031401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.031401 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 355BD UT WOS:000259682700053 PM 18851032 ER PT J AU Yang, J Monine, MI Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS AF Yang, Jin Monine, Michael I. Faeder, James R. Hlavacek, William S. TI Kinetic Monte Carlo method for rule-based modeling of biochemical networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FC-EPSILON-RI; EXACT STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; PROTEIN-INTERACTION DOMAINS; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; COMBINATORIAL COMPLEXITY; TRIVALENT LIGANDS; HISTAMINE-RELEASE; PHASE-SEPARATION; TIME-EVOLUTION AB We present a kinetic Monte Carlo method for simulating chemical transformations specified by reaction rules, which can be viewed as generators of chemical reactions, or equivalently, definitions of reaction classes. A rule identifies the molecular components involved in a transformation, how these components change, conditions that affect whether a transformation occurs, and a rate law. The computational cost of the method, unlike conventional simulation approaches, is independent of the number of possible reactions, which need not be specified in advance or explicitly generated in a simulation. To demonstrate the method, we apply it to study the kinetics of multivalent ligand-receptor interactions. We expect the method will be useful for studying cellular signaling systems and other physical systems involving aggregation phenomena. C1 [Yang, Jin] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Max Planck Soc Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. [Monine, Michael I.; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Monine, Michael I.; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Faeder, James R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Hlavacek, William S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Max Planck Soc Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. EM yangjin@picb.ac.cn; faeder@pitt.edu; wish@lanl.gov OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR018754, P20 RR018754-030006, RR18754]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM076570, R01 GM076570, R01 GM076570-01A2] NR 61 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 031910 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.031910 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 355BD UT WOS:000259682700089 PM 18851068 ER PT J AU Bai, M Roser, T AF Bai, M. Roser, T. TI Full spin flipping in the presence of full Siberian Snake SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB This paper proposes a new design of spin flipper for high-energy accelerators to obtain full spin flip with the spin tune staying at half integer. The traditional technique of using a single rf spin rotator with a fixed spin rotation axis and an oscillating spin rotation, either an rf dipole or solenoid, as spin flipper to achieve full spin flip in the presence of a full Siberian snake has been demonstrated [B. B. Blinov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2906 (1998); B. B. Blinov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 014801 (2001); V. S. Morozov et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 7, 024002 (2004); R. A. Phelps, AIP Conf. Proc. 338, 361 (1994); Ya. S. Derbenev et al., Part. Accel. 8, 115 (1978)]. However, this technique requires one to change the snake configuration to move the spin tune away from half integer which is not practical for an operational high- energy polarized proton collider such as RHIC where beam and polarization lifetime are sensitive to small changes. Based on the conceptual designs to use rf dipoles to achieve full spin flip with the spin tune at half integer [T. Roser, BNL Report No. BNL-52453, 1994; R. A. Phelps, BNL Report No. BNL-52453, 1994], this paper presents a compact design of a spin flipper for a high- energy accelerator. The theory of the new spin flipper technique and numerical simulations are also presented. C1 [Bai, M.; Roser, T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bai, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 9 AR 091001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.091001 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 366XU UT WOS:000260517700004 ER PT J AU Bosch, RA Kleman, KJ Wu, J AF Bosch, R. A. Kleman, K. J. Wu, J. TI Modeling two-stage bunch compression with wakefields: Macroscopic properties and microbunching instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON; RADIATION AB In a two-stage compression and acceleration system, where each stage compresses a chirped bunch in a magnetic chicane, wakefields affect high-current bunches. The longitudinal wakes affect the macroscopic energy and current profiles of the compressed bunch and cause microbunching at short wavelengths. For macroscopic wavelengths, impedance formulas and tracking simulations show that the wakefields can be dominated by the resistive impedance of coherent edge radiation. For this case, we calculate the minimum initial bunch length that can be compressed without producing an upright tail in phase space and associated current spike. Formulas are also obtained for the jitter in the bunch arrival time downstream of the compressors that results from the bunch-to-bunch variation of current, energy, and chirp. Microbunching may occur at short wavelengths where the longitudinal space-charge wakes dominate or at longer wavelengths dominated by edge radiation. We model this range of wavelengths with frequency-dependent impedance before and after each stage of compression. The growth of current and energy modulations is described by analytic gain formulas that agree with simulations. C1 [Bosch, R. A.; Kleman, K. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. [Wu, J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, 3731 Schneider Dr, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 9 AR 090702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.090702 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 366XU UT WOS:000260517700003 ER PT J AU Celata, CM Furman, MA Vay, JL Yu, JW AF Celata, C. M. Furman, Miguel A. Vay, J-L. Yu, Jennifer W. TI Electron cloud cyclotron resonances in the presence of a short-bunch-length relativistic beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Computer simulations using the 2D code POSINST were used to study the formation of the electron cloud in the wiggler section of the positron damping ring of the International Linear Collider. In order to simulate an x-y slice of the wiggler (i. e., a slice perpendicular to the beam velocity), each simulation assumed a constant vertical magnetic field. At values of the magnetic field where the cyclotron frequency was an integral multiple of the bunch frequency, and where the field strength was less than approximately 0.6 T, equilibrium average electron densities were up to 3 times the density found at other neighboring field values. Effects of this resonance between the bunch and cyclotron frequency are expected to be non-negligible when the beam bunch length is much less than the product of the electron cyclotron period and the beam velocity, for a beam moving at v approximate to c. Details of the dynamics of the resonance are described. C1 [Celata, C. M.; Furman, Miguel A.; Vay, J-L.; Yu, Jennifer W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Celata, CM (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU Office of Science; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 9 AR 091002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.091002 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 366XU UT WOS:000260517700005 ER PT J AU Crooker, PP Colson, WB Blau, J Burggraff, D Aguilar, JS Benson, S Neil, G Shinn, M Evtushenko, P AF Crooker, P. P. Colson, W. B. Blau, J. Burggraff, D. Aguilar, J. Sans Benson, S. Neil, G. Shinn, M. Evtushenko, P. TI Short Rayleigh length free electron laser: Experiments and simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We report experiments at Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jlab) and computer simulations performed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) designed to probe the small Rayleigh length regime. We compare the gain, power, and sensitivity to mirror and electron beam misalignments as a function of decreasing Rayleigh length. The agreement is quite good, with experiments and simulations showing comparable trends as the Rayleigh length is decreased. In particular, we find that the gain and power do not decrease substantially at short Rayleigh length, contrary to a common Gaussian-mode filling factor argument. Within currently achievable alignment tolerances, the gain and power are still acceptable for FEL operation. C1 [Crooker, P. P.; Colson, W. B.; Blau, J.; Burggraff, D.; Aguilar, J. Sans] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Benson, S.; Neil, G.; Shinn, M.; Evtushenko, P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Crooker, PP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX Support for this project was provided by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 9 AR 090701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.090701 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 366XU UT WOS:000260517700002 ER PT J AU Groening, L Barth, W Bayer, W Clemente, G Dahl, L Forck, P Gerhard, P Hofmann, I Riehl, G Yaramyshev, S Jeon, D Uriot, D AF Groening, L. Barth, W. Bayer, W. Clemente, G. Dahl, L. Forck, P. Gerhard, P. Hofmann, I. Riehl, G. Yaramyshev, S. Jeon, D. Uriot, D. TI Benchmarking of measurement and simulation of transverse rms-emittance growth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Transverse emittance growth along the Alvarez drift tube linac (DTL) section is a major concern with respect to the preservation of beam quality of high current beams at the GSI UNILAC. In order to define measures to reduce this growth, appropriate tools to simulate the beam dynamics are indispensable. This paper is about the benchmarking of three beam dynamics simulation codes, i.e. DYNAMION, PARMILA, and PARTRAN against systematic measurements of beam emittances for different transverse phase advances along the DTL. Special emphasis is put on the modeling of the initial distribution for the simulations. The concept of rms equivalence is expanded from full intensity to fractions of less than 100% of the beam. The experimental setup, data reduction, preparation of the simulations, and the evaluation of the simulations are described. In the experiments and in the simulations, a minimum of the rms- emittance growth was observed at zero current phase advances of about 60 degrees. In general, good agreement was found between simulations and experiment for the mean values of horizontal and vertical emittances at the DTL exit. C1 [Groening, L.; Barth, W.; Bayer, W.; Clemente, G.; Dahl, L.; Forck, P.; Gerhard, P.; Hofmann, I.; Riehl, G.; Yaramyshev, S.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Jeon, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Uriot, D.] CEA IRFU, Serv Accelerateurs Cryogenie & Magnetisme, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Groening, L (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Jeon, Dong-O/S-2137-2016 OI Jeon, Dong-O/0000-0001-6482-5878 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 9 AR 094201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.094201 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 366XU UT WOS:000260517700011 ER PT J AU Babonneau, D Primout, M Girard, F Jadaud, JP Naudy, M Villette, B Depierreux, S Blancard, C Faussurier, G Fournier, KB Suter, L Kauffman, R Glenzer, S Miller, MC Grun, J Davis, J AF Babonneau, D. Primout, M. Girard, F. Jadaud, J. -P. Naudy, M. Villette, B. Depierreux, S. Blancard, C. Faussurier, G. Fournier, K. B. Suter, L. Kauffman, R. Glenzer, S. Miller, M. C. Grun, J. Davis, J. TI Efficient multi-keV X-ray sources from laser-exploded metallic thin foils SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; SUBPICOSECOND LASER; PLASMAS; EMISSION; TARGETS; EMISSIVITIES; SCATTERING AB A set of materials-titanium, copper, and germanium-has been experimented with at the OMEGA laser facility [Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] by irradiating thin foils with a prepulse prior to a main pulse with variable delay, in order to design efficient x-ray laser-sources for backlighting, material testing, and code validation. This concept led to increasing factors from 2 to 4 comparing to cases without prepulse, in the experimental conditions. As a result, high multi-keV x-ray conversion rates have been obtained: 9% for titanium around 4 keV, 1% for copper around 8 keV, and 2.5 to 3% for germanium around 10 keV, which places these pre-exploded metallic targets close to the gas with respect to their performance, with wider energy range. A good agreement with hydroradiative code FCI2 [Schurtz, Phys. Plasmas 7, 4238 (2000)] calculations is found for titanium and copper on all diagnostics, with nonlocal-thermal-equilibrium atomic physics and, either nonlocal thermal conduction taking self-generated B-fields into account, or limited thermal conduction with intensity-dependent factor f. The results for germanium indicate that dielectronic processes could play a more significant role when higher irradiation intensity on higher Z material. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Babonneau, D.; Primout, M.; Girard, F.; Jadaud, J. -P.; Naudy, M.; Villette, B.; Depierreux, S.; Blancard, C.; Faussurier, G.] Commissariat Energie Atom, Ctr Ile France, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Fournier, K. B.; Suter, L.; Kauffman, R.; Glenzer, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Miller, M. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Grun, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, J.] ALME & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Babonneau, D (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom, Ctr Ile France, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM daniele.babonneau@cea.fr NR 47 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 9 AR 092702 DI 10.1063/1.2973480 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 360BG UT WOS:000260031400037 ER PT J AU Belli, EA Hammett, GW Dorland, W AF Belli, E. A. Hammett, G. W. Dorland, W. TI Effects of plasma shaping on nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TURBULENCE; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; PHYSICS BASIS; POWER-PLANT; TRANSPORT; MODE; SIMULATIONS; SHEAR; BETA AB The effects of flux surface shape on the gyrokinetic stability and transport of tokamak plasmas are studied using the GS2 code [M. Kotschenreuther, G. Rewoldt, and W. M. Tang, Comput. Phys. Commun. 88, 128 (1995); W. Dorland, F. Jenko, M. Kotschenreuther, and B.N. Rogers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5579 (2000)]. Studies of the scaling of nonlinear turbulence with shaping parameters are performed using analytic equilibria based on interpolations of representative shapes of the Joint European Torus [P.H. Rebut and B. E. Keen, Fusion Technol. 11, 13 (1987)]. High shaping is found to be a stabilizing influence on both the linear ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) instability and the nonlinear ITG turbulence. For the parameter regime studied here, a scaling of the heat flux with elongation of chi similar to kappa(-1.5) or kappa(-2.0), depending on the triangularity, is observed at fixed average temperature gradient. While this is not as strong as empirical elongation scalings, it is also found that high shaping results in a larger Dimits upshift of the nonlinear critical temperature gradient due to an enhancement of the Rosenbluth-Hinton residual zonal flows. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Belli, E. A.; Hammett, G. W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Dorland, W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Belli, EA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM bellie@fusion.gat.com RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Dorland, William/B-4403-2009 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073]; U. S. Department of Energy OFES Fusion Energy Sciences Graduate Fellowship [DE-FC02-04ER54784]; National Science Foundation IGERT [DGE-9972930]; The Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics FX This research was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-AC02-76CH03073 at PPPL. E. A. B. was also supported by a U. S. Department of Energy OFES Fusion Energy Sciences Graduate Fellowship and by a fellowship through the PICASso Program at Princeton University, funded by National Science Foundation IGERT Grant No. DGE-9972930. W. D. was supported by The Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics, U. S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FC02-04ER54784. Computational resources were provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 9 AR 092303 DI 10.1063/1.2972160 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 360BG UT WOS:000260031400018 ER PT J AU Del-Castillo-Negrete, D Spong, DA Hirshman, SP AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D. Spong, D. A. Hirshman, S. P. TI Proper orthogonal decomposition methods for noise reduction in particle-based transport calculations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB Proper orthogonal decomposition techniques to reduce noise in the reconstruction of the distribution function in particle-based transport calculations are explored. For two-dimensional steady-state problems, the method is based on low rank truncations of the singular value decomposition of a coarse-grained representation of the particle distribution function. For time-dependent two-dimensional problems or three-dimensional time-independent problems, the use of a generalized low-rank approximation of matrices technique is proposed. The methods are illustrated and tested with Monte Carlo particle simulation data of plasma collisional relaxation and guiding-center transport with collisions in a magnetically confined plasma in toroidal geometry. It is observed that the proposed noise reduction methods achieve high levels of smoothness in the particle distribution function by using significantly fewer particles in the computations. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [del-Castillo-Negrete, D.; Spong, D. A.; Hirshman, S. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM delcastillod@ornl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank Lee Berry for his continuous interest on this work and his valuable comments and suggestions. This work was sponsored by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2008 VL 15 IS 9 AR 092308 DI 10.1063/1.2979680 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 360BG UT WOS:000260031400023 ER EF