FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Lin, YZ Wohlberg, B AF Lin, Youzuo Wohlberg, Brendt GP IEEE TI Application of the UPRE method to optimal parameter selection for large scale regularization problems SO 2008 IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation CY MAR 24-26, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE DE parameter selection; large scale problem; inverse problem; Tikhonov regularization; total variation regularization ID GENERALIZED CROSS-VALIDATION; POSED PROBLEMS AB Regularization is an important method for solving a wide variety of inverse problems in image processing. In order to optimize the reconstructed image, it is important to choose the optimal regularization parameter. The Unbiased Predictive Risk Estimator (UPRE) has been shown to give a very good estimate of this parameter. Applying the traditional UPRE is impractical, however, in the case of inverse problems such as deblurring, due to the large scale of the associated linear problem. We propose an approach to reducing the large scale problem to a small problem, significantly reducing computational requirements while providing a good approximation to the original problem. C1 [Lin, Youzuo] Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lin, YZ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM youzuo.lin@asu.edu RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2296-8 PY 2008 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1109/SSIAI.2008.4512292 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHW66 UT WOS:000257065700023 ER PT B AU Theiler, J AF Theiler, James GP IEEE TI Subpixel anomalous change detection in remote sensing imagery SO 2008 IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Southwest Sympsoium on Image Analysis and Interpretation CY MAR 24-26, 2008 CL Santa fe, NM SP IEEE AB A machine-learning framework for anomalous change detection is extended to the situation in which the anomalous change is smaller than a pixel. Although the existing framework can. be applied to (and does have power against) the subpixel case, it is possible to optimize that framework for the subpixel case when the size of the anomalous change is known. The limit of inLntesimally small anomaly turns out to be well deLned, and provides a new parameter-free anomalous change detector which is effective over a range of subpixel anomalies, and continues to have reasonable power against the full-pixel case. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2296-8 PY 2008 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1109/SSIAI.2008.4512311 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHW66 UT WOS:000257065700042 ER PT B AU Cui, XH Beaver, JM Charles, JS Potok, TE AF Cui, Xiaohui Beaver, Justin M. Charles, Jesse St. Potok, Thomas E. GP IEEE TI Dimensionality Reduction Particle Swarm Algorithm for High Dimensional Clustering SO 2008 IEEE SWARM INTELLIGENCE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium CY SEP 21-23, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE AB The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) clustering algorithm can generate more compact clustering results than the traditional K-means clustering algorithm. However, when clustering high dimensional datasets, the PSO clustering algorithm is notoriously slow because its computation cost increases exponentially with the size of the dataset dimension. Dimensionality reduction techniques offer solutions that both significantly improve the computation time, and yield reasonably accurate clustering results in high dimensional data analysis. In this paper, we introduce research that combines different dimensionality reduction techniques with the PSO clustering algorithm in order to reduce the complexity of high dimensional datasets and speed up the PSO clustering process. We report significant improvements in total runtime. Moreover, the clustering accuracy of the dimensionality reduction PSO clustering algorithm is comparable to the one that uses full dimension space. C1 [Cui, Xiaohui; Beaver, Justin M.; Potok, Thomas E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Charles, Jesse St.] Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37996 USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cuix@ornl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05000R22725]; office of Naval Research [N0001408IP20066] FX Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05000R22725. This work was supported in part by the office of Naval Research (N0001408IP20066). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Office of Naval Research, the Department of Energy or the u.s. government. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2704-8 PY 2008 BP 230 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJA82 UT WOS:000264231500034 ER PT B AU Djordjevich, DD Xavier, PG Bernard, ML Whetzel, JH Glickman, MR Verzi, SJ AF Djordjevich, Donna D. Xavier, Patrick G. Bernard, Michael L. Whetzel, Jonathan H. Glickman, Matthew R. Verzi, Stephen J. GP IEEE TI Preparing for the Aftermath: Using Emotional Agents in GameBased Training for Disaster Response SO 2008 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND GAMES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games CY DEC 15-18, 2008 CL Univ Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, IEEE Comsumer Elect Soc HO Univ Western Australia AB Ground Truth, a training game developed by Sandia National Laboratories in partnership with the University of Southern California GamePipe Lab, puts a player in the role of an Incident Commander working with teammate agents to respond to urban threats. These agents simulate certain emotions that a responder may feel during this high-stress situation. We construct psychology-plausible models compliant with the Sandia Human Embodiment and Representation Cognitive Architecture (SHERCA) that are run on the Sandia Cognitive Runtime Engine with Active Memory (SCREAM) software. SCREAM's computational representations for modeling human decision-making combine aspects of ANNs and fuzzy logic networks. This paper gives an overview of Ground Truth and discusses the adaptation of the SHERCA and SCREAM into the game. We include a semiformal description of SCREAM. C1 [Djordjevich, Donna D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Xavier, Patrick G.; Bernard, Michael L.; Whetzel, Jonathan H.; Glickman, Matthew R.; Verzi, Stephen J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Djordjevich, DD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dddjord@sandia.gov; pgxavie@sandia.gov; mlberna@sandia.gov; jhwhetz@sandia.gov; mrglick@sandia.gov; sjverzi@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2973-8 PY 2008 BP 266 EP + DI 10.1109/CIG.2008.5035649 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BNF23 UT WOS:000274324800035 ER PT S AU Ongtang, M Hurson, AR Jiao, Y AF Ongtang, Machigar Hurson, Ali R. Jiao, Yu GP IEEE COMPUTER SOC TI Transactional Agents for Pervasive Computing SO 2008 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications ISCC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications CY JUL 06-09, 2008 CL Marrakech, MOROCCO SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, hps, Ctr Natl Rech Sci & Tech ID MULTIDATABASES; MANAGEMENT; MOBILE AB Pervasive computing enables seamless integration of computing technology into everyday life to make upto-date information and services proactively available to the users based on their needs and behaviors. We aim to develop a transaction management scheme as a pertinent component for such environment supported by either structured or ad hoc networks. We propose Transactional Agents for Pervasive COmputing (TAPCO), which utilizes a dynamic hierarchical meta data structure that captures the semantic contents Of the underlying heterogeneous data sources. Mobile agents process the transactions collaboratively, to preserve ACID properties without violating local autonomy of the data sources. TAPCO is simulated and compared against Decentralized Serialization Graph Testing (DSGT) protocol. The results show that TAPCO outperforms DSGT in several ways. In contrast to DSGT that did not consider local transactions, TAPCO supports both local and global transactions without violating the local autonomy. C1 [Ongtang, Machigar] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hurson, Ali R.] Univ Mississippi Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. [Jiao, Yu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn Div, Oak Lawn, IL USA. RP Ongtang, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM owtaneg@se.psu.edu; hurson@mst.edu; jiaoy@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [IIS-0324835] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under the contract IIS-0324835. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-1346 BN 978-1-4244-2702-4 J9 IEEE SYMP COMP COMMU PY 2008 BP 1015 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIO58 UT WOS:000261359800158 ER PT S AU Wu, W Greve, DW Oppenheim, IJ AF Wu, Wei Greve, David W. Oppenheim, Irving J. GP IEEE TI Inductively coupled sensing using a quartz crystal microbalance SO 2008 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 AND APPENDIX SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY NOV 02-05, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE Inductively coupled; admittance; quartz crystal microbalance; polymer; methanol vapor AB We report the application of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in an inductively coupled measurement. Inductive coupling makes it possible to locate the sensing element in a hostile environment and to perform measurements without direct wired connections. We demonstrate inductively coupled sensing of methanol in nitrogen using a poly(ethyl methacrylate) adsorbing layer. The gas-related signal is easily detectable and is substantially larger than changes associated with thermal expansion of the apparatus. C1 [Wu, Wei; Greve, David W.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Oppenheim, Irving J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Wu, W (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. FU ongoing research in sensor systems and diagnostics at the National Energy Technology Laboratory under RDS [DE-AC26-04NT41817] FX This work was performed in support of ongoing research in sensor systems and diagnostics at the National Energy Technology Laboratory under RDS contract DE-AC26-04NT41817. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 978-1-4244-2428-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2008 BP 1018 EP + DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2008.0246 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKP07 UT WOS:000268845800246 ER PT S AU Davulis, PM Shyam, A Lara-Curzio, E da Cunha, MP AF Davulis, P. M. Shyam, A. Lara-Curzio, E. da Cunha, M. Pereira GP IEEE TI High Temperature Elastic Constants of Langatate from RUS Measurements up to 1100 degrees C SO 2008 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 AND APPENDIX SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY NOV 02-05, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE Langatate; High Temperature Material Constants; Elastic Temperature Coefficients; Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy ID ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA3GA5.5TA0.5O14; LA3GA5SIO14; LANGASITE; SURFACE AB This paper reports on the langatate (LGT) elastic constants and their temperature coefficients measured from room temperature (25 degrees C) to 1100 degrees C using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The constants were extracted by iteratively fitting the resonant peaks with those calculated by Lagrangian mechanics at each temperature where the RUS measurements were taken. In addition, the RUS technique was used to extract the elastic and piezoelectric constants in the 25 degrees C to 120 degrees C temperature range. The extraction of LGT elastic constants up to 1100 degrees C presented in this paper represents a critical step towards the design and fabrication of LGT acoustic wave devices for high temperature and harsh environment applications. C1 [Davulis, P. M.; da Cunha, M. Pereira] Univ Maine, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Shyam, A.; Lara-Curzio, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Davulis, PM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM mdacunha@eece.maine.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Petroleum Research Fund Grant ACS PRF [42747-AC10]; National Science Foundation [ECS 0134335]; Air Force Office AFO [FA9550-07-1-0519, F33615-03-D-5204]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies FX The research work at the High Temperature Materials Laboratory was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. Additional funding was provided in part by Petroleum Research Fund Grant ACS PRF# 42747-AC10, National Science Foundation Grant # ECS 0134335, and Air Force Office AFO Grants # FA9550-07-1-0519 and # F33615-03-D-5204. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 978-1-4244-2428-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2008 BP 2150 EP + DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2008.0532 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BKP07 UT WOS:000268845801123 ER PT B AU Moazzeni, T Hang, YT Ma, J Li, N AF Moazzeni, Taleb Hang, Yingtao Ma, Jian Li, Ning GP IEEE TI Algorithms for the Measurement of Liquid Metal Coolant Flow Velocity with Correlated Thermal Signals SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: COMMUNICATION THEORY AND SYSTEM SE International Conference on Communications Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems CY MAY 25-27, 2008 CL Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, City Univ Hong Kong, Guilin Univ, Elect technol, IEEE, IEEE Chengdu Sect HO Xiamen Univ AB The flow velocity of liquid metal coolant can be determined through the measurements of temperature fluctuation recorded by a pair of temperature sensors placed certain distance-apart along the flow. Traditionally, this was done using a cross-correlation algorithm to estimate the transit time of the coolant, and thus its velocity. This widely used cross-correlation algorithm, however, suffers from the ambiguity in reading of measurements. To alleviate this problem, the transfer function estimation approach was recently proposed which tends to give more accurate results. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm that can further improve the accuracy in the transit time estimation using an adaptive inverse system model at a higher cost of computation. When real-time computation is a concern, we propose a second algorithm based on an adaptive filtering approach which makes a sound trade-off between accuracy and Computation cost. This algorithm incurs less processing time than the first proposed algorithm with higher accuracy than the two aforementioned conventional algorithms. C1 [Moazzeni, Taleb; Hang, Yingtao] Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Ma, Jian] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Dept Mech Engn, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Li, Ning] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Moazzeni, T (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. FU DoE TRP FX This project is supported by a DoE TRP grant awarded to the authors. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2063-6 J9 INT C COMMUN CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 903 EP 907 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIZ12 UT WOS:000263873800202 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV Shankar, M Chin, JC Yau, DKY Srivathsan, S Iyengar, SS Yang, Y Hou, JC AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Shankar, Mallikarjun Chin, Jren-Chit Yau, David K. Y. Srivathsan, Srinivasagopalan Iyengar, S. Sitharama Yang, Yong Hou, Jennifer C. GP IEEE Computer Soc TI Identification of low-level point radiation sources using a sensor network SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION PROCESSING IN SENSOR NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Information Processing Sensor Networks CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Comp Soc, ACM, Natl Sci Fdn, Microsoft Res DE point radiation source; detection and localization; sequential probability ratio test ID RADIOACTIVE SOURCES AB Identification of a low-level point radiation source amidst background radiation is achieved by a network of radiation sensors using a two-step approach. Based on measurements from three sensors, the geometric difference triangulation method is used to estimate the location and strength of the source. Then a sequential probability ratio test based on current measurements and estimated parameters is employed to finally decide: (1) the presence of a source with the estimated parameters, or (2) the absence of the source, or (3) the insufficiency of measurements to make a decision. This method achieves specified levels of false alarm and missed detection probabilities, while ensuring a close-to-minimal number of measurements for reaching a decision. This method minimizes the ghost-source problem of current estimation methods, and achieves a lower false alarm rate compared with current detection methods. This method is tested and demonstrated using: (1) simulations, and (2) a test-bed that utilizes the scaling properties of point radiation sources to emulate high intensity ones that cannot be easily and safely handled in laboratory experiments. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Shankar, Mallikarjun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chin, Jren-Chit; Yau, David K. Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Srivathsan, Srinivasagopalan; Iyengar, S. Sitharama] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Yang, Yong; Hou, Jennifer C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Shankar, Mallikarjun/N-4400-2015; OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460; Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work is funded by the SensorNet program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory which is managed by UTBattelle, LLC for U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3157-1 PY 2008 BP 493 EP + DI 10.1109/IPSN.2008.19 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BHT67 UT WOS:000256291800041 ER PT S AU Barton, JS Masanovic, ML Dummer, MM Tauke-Pedretti, A Burmeister, EF Koch, BR Summers, JA Coldren, LA Bowers, JE Blumenthal, DJ AF Barton, Jonathon S. Masanovic, Milan L. Dummer, Matthew M. Tauke-Pedretti, Anna Burmeister, Emily F. Koch, Brian R. Summers, Joseph A. Coldren, Larry A. Bowers, John E. Blumenthal, Daniel J. GP IEEE TI Recent Progress on LASOR Optical Router and Related Integrated Technologies SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONICS IN SWITCHING SE International Conference on Photonics in Switching LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Photonics in Switching CY AUG 04-07, 2008 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP IEEE DE Buffers; couplers; routers; switches; Photonic integrated circuits ID WAVELENGTH CONVERTER AB In this talk we review the latest progress on the DOD-N LASOR optical router project. Architectural studies including design and buffering will be discussed as well as prototype node performance. Recent results in integration in InP and Si/InP platforms will be described. C1 [Barton, Jonathon S.; Masanovic, Milan L.; Dummer, Matthew M.; Tauke-Pedretti, Anna; Summers, Joseph A.; Coldren, Larry A.; Bowers, John E.; Blumenthal, Daniel J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Harold Frank Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Burmeister, Emily F.] Ciena Corp, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Koch, Brian R.] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Barton, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Harold Frank Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. FU DARPA; Army [W911NF-04-9-0001] FX This work is supported by DARPA and the Army under contract #W911NF-04-9-0001. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-8515 BN 978-1-4244-4228-7 J9 INT C PHOTONIC SWIT PY 2008 BP 12 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BJP89 UT WOS:000266975800007 ER PT S AU Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Hsu, AY Mukherjee, SD Geib, KM Overberg, ME Klem, JF Kemme, SA Cruz-Cabrera, AA Hadley, GR AF Keeler, G. A. Serkland, D. K. Hsu, A. Y. Mukherjee, S. D. Geib, K. M. Overberg, M. E. Klem, J. F. Kemme, S. A. Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Hadley, G. R. GP IEEE TI All-Optical XOR using 1550-nm High-Speed S-SEEDs and Integrated Micro-Optics SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONICS IN SWITCHING SE International Conference on Photonics in Switching LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Photonics in Switching CY AUG 04-07, 2008 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP IEEE DE symmetric self-electrooptic effect device; S-SEED; optical switching; integrated all-optical logic ID ELECTROOPTIC EFFECT DEVICE AB We demonstrate a compact, all-optical XOR gate at 1550nm by integrating three symmetric self-electooptic effect devices (S-SEEDs) with micro-optics. Each S-SEED operates as a NAND or NOR gate and can switch faster than 10ps. C1 [Keeler, G. A.; Serkland, D. K.; Hsu, A. Y.; Mukherjee, S. D.; Geib, K. M.; Overberg, M. E.; Klem, J. F.; Kemme, S. A.; Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Hadley, G. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-8515 BN 978-1-4244-4228-7 J9 INT C PHOTONIC SWIT PY 2008 BP 78 EP 79 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BJP89 UT WOS:000266975800040 ER PT B AU Bond, LJ Taylor, TT Doctor, SR Hull, B Malik, SN AF Bond, Leonard J. Taylor, Tom T. Doctor, Steven R. Hull, B. Malik, Shah N. GP IEEE TI Proactive Management of Materials Degradation for Nuclear Power Plant Systems SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGNOSTICS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (PHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management CY OCT 06-09, 2008 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE DE materials damage prognostics; materials degradation; NPP license renewal; proactive management ID CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE; NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION; PROGNOSTICS; COMPONENTS; DAMAGE; NDT AB There are approximately 440 operating reactors in the global nuclear power plant (NPP) fleet that have an average age greater than 20 years and design lives of 30 or 40 years. The United States is currently implementing license extensions of 20 years on many plants, and consideration is now being given to the concept of "life-beyond-60," a further period of license extension from 60 to 80 years and potentially longer. In almost all countries with NPPs, authorities are looking at some form of license renewal program. There is a growing urgency as a number of plants face either approvals for license renewal or shut down, which will require deployment of new power plants. In support of NPP license renewal over the past decade, various national and international programs have been initiated. This paper reports part of the work performed in support of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) Proactive Management of Materials Degradation (PMMD) program. The paper concisely explains the basic principles of PMMD and its relationship to advanced diagnostics and prognostics and provides an assessment of some the technical gaps in PMMD and prognostics that need to be addressed. C1 [Bond, Leonard J.; Taylor, Tom T.; Doctor, Steven R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hull, B.; Malik, Shah N.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Bond, LJ (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM leonard.bond@pnl.gov FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC); Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research [N6019] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research under contract N6019. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1935-7 PY 2008 BP 448 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJK74 UT WOS:000266719200053 ER PT B AU Robinett, RD Wilson, DG AF Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Power Flow Control Applied to Power Engineering SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER ELECTRONICS, ELECTRICAL DRIVES, AUTOMATION AND MOTION, VOLS 1-3 SE International Power Electronics Electrical Drives Automation and Motion SPEEDAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Ischia, ITALY DE Power engineering; Adaptive control; Lyapunov methods; Nonlinear systems AB This paper(1) applies a novel nonlinear power flow control design to power engineering. The methodology [1], [2], [3] uniquely combines: concepts from thermodynamic exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunov's direct method; Lyapunov optimal analysis; electric AC power concepts; and power flow analysis. Power engineering terminology is derived from the classical linear mass-spring-damper and an RLC electrical network. The methodology is then used to design both a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and PID with adaptive control architectures for both linear and nonlinear RLC dynamic network systems. The main contribution of this paper is to present a new nonlinear power flow control design as it applies to power engineering and how it is enhanced through adaptive control. C1 [Robinett, Rush D., III; Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinett, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwilso@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1663-9 J9 INT POWER ELECT ELEC PY 2008 BP 1420 EP 1427 DI 10.1109/SPEEDHAM.2008.4581292 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BII91 UT WOS:000259920400258 ER PT S AU Yuan, F Rykoff, ES Schaefer, BE Rujopakarn, W Guever, V Aharonian, F Akerlof, CW Ashley, MCB Barthelmy, SD Gehrels, N Gogus, E Horns, D Kiziloglu, U Krimm, HA McKay, TA Ozel, M Phillips, A Quimby, RM Rowell, G Swan, HP Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J AF Yuan, F. Rykoff, E. S. Schaefer, B. E. Rujopakarn, W. Guever, V Aharonian, F. Akerlof, C. W. Ashley, M. C. B. Barthelmy, S. D. Gehrels, N. E, Goegues Horns, D. Kiziloglu, Ue Krimm, H. A. McKay, T. A. M, Oezel Phillips, A. Quimby, R. M. Rowell, G. Swan, H. P. Vestrand, W. T. Wheeler, J. C. Wren, J. BE Huang, YF Dai, ZG Zhang, B TI Prompt optical observations of GRB 080330 and GRB 080413A SO 2008 NANJING GAMMA-RAY BURST CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanjing Gamma-Ray Burst Conference CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Purple Mt Observat, Guangxi Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Chinese Astron Soc DE gamma-rays: bursts AB We report on the results of rapid responses to GRB 080330 and GRB 080413A by the ROTSE-IIIb and ROTSE-IIIc telecopes. In both cases, optical follow-up started during the prompt emission phase and recorded optical flares peaking at similar times as the last hard X-ray pulses detected by the Swift BAT. For both events, the XRT observations started at the end of the prompt BAT detection and displayed an evolution in time opposite to the optical lightcurve. These very early observations provide us an opportunity to probe the onset of afterglow for these two events. C1 [Yuan, F.; Akerlof, C. W.; McKay, T. A.; Swan, H. P.] Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rykoff, E. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Schaefer, B. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rujopakarn, W.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guever, V] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Aharonian, F.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Ashley, M. C. B.; Phillips, A.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Barthelmy, S. D.; Gehrels, N.; Krimm, H. A.] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [E, Goegues] Sabanci Univ, TR-4956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Kiziloglu, Ue] Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [M, Oezel] Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, TR-17020 Qanakale, Turkey. [Quimby, R. M.] Calif Inst Technool, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vestrand, W. T.; Wren, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 7545 USA. [Wheeler, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Yuan, F (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/E-7849-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Guver, Tolga/0000-0002-3531-9842; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/0000-0002-0303-499X; Rowell, Gavin/0000-0002-9516-1581 FU NASA swift Guest Investigator grants [NNX-07AF02G, NNX-08AN25G]; NASA [NNG-04WC41G]; Australian Research Council; University of new south Wales, the University of Texas, and the Michigan FX This work is suppored by NASA swift Guest Investigator grants NNX-07AF02G and NNX-08AN25G. ROTESE-III has been supported by NASA grant NNG-04WC41G,the Australian Research Council, the University of new south Wales, the University of Texas, and the Michigan. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0596-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1065 BP 103 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIV25 UT WOS:000263064500022 ER PT S AU Liu, Q Xie, C Frangieh, T Ghani, N Gumaste, A Rao, NSV Lehman, T AF Liu, Q. Xie, C. Frangieh, T. Ghani, N. Gumaste, A. Rao, N. S. V. Lehman, T. GP IEEE TI Inter-Domain Routing Scalability in Optical DWDM Networks SO 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY AUG 03-07, 2008 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE, IEICE, Microsoft, Qualcomm DE Multi-domain networks; optical networks; GMPLS; inter-domain DWDM routing; topology abstraction; routing scalability AB Recent studies on inter-domain DWDM networks have focused on topology abstraction for state summarization, i.e., transforming a physical topology to a virtual mesh, tree, or star network. Although these schemes give very good inter-domain blocking reduction, associated inter-domain routing overheads are significant, particularly as the number of domains and border OXC nodes increase. To address these scalability limitations, novel routing update triggering policies for multi-domain DWDM networks are developed. The performance of inter-domain lightpath RWA and signaling schemes in conjunction with these strategies is then studied in order to gauge the overall effectiveness of these approaches. C1 [Liu, Q.; Xie, C.; Frangieh, T.; Ghani, N.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gumaste, A.] Ind Technol Inst, Massachusetts Inst Technol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Rao, N. S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Lehman, T.] Univ Southern Calif, Informat Sci Inst East, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4244-2389-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIW28 UT WOS:000263364400001 ER PT S AU Narayanaswamy, G Balaji, R Feng, W AF Narayanaswamy, G. Balaji, R. Feng, W. GP IEEE TI Impact of Network Sharing in Multi-core Architectures SO 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY AUG 03-07, 2008 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE, IEICE, Microsoft, Qualcomm AB As commodity components continue to dominate the realm of high-end computing, two hardware trends have emerged as major contributors-high-speed networking technologies and multi-core architectures. Communication middleware such as the Message Passing Interface (MPI) uses the network technology for communicating between processes that reside on different physical nodes, while using shared memory for communicating between processes on different cores within the same node. Thus, two conflicting possibilities arise: (i) with the advent of multi-core architectures, the number of processes that reside on the same physical node and hence share the same physical network can potentially increase significantly, resulting in increased network usage, and (ii) given the increase in intra-node shared-memory communication for processes residing on the same node, the network usage can potentially decrease significantly. In this paper, we address these two conflicting possibilities and study the behavior of network usage in multi-core environments with sample scientific applications. Specifically, we analyze trends that result in increase or decrease of network usage, and we derive insights into application performance based on these. We also study the sharing of different resources in the system in multi-core environments and identify the contribution of the network in this mix. In addition, we study different process allocation strategies and analyze their impact on such network sharing. C1 [Narayanaswamy, G.; Feng, W.] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Balaji, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Narayanaswamy, G (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cnganesh@cs.vt.edu; balaji@mcs.anl.gov; feng@cs.vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [0702182]; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Computer Science at Virginia Tech FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant #0702182, the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Of- fice of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract and the Department of Computer Science at Virginia Tech. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4244-2389-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2008 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIW28 UT WOS:000263364400040 ER PT S AU Brightwell, R Pedretti, K Ferreira, K AF Brightwell, Ron Pedretti, Kevin Ferreira, Kurt GP IEEE TI Instrumentation and Analysis of MPI Queue Times on the SeaStar High-Performance Network SO 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY AUG 03-07, 2008 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE, IEICE, Microsoft, Qualcomm AB Understanding the communication behavior and network resource usage of parallel applications is critical to achieving high performance and scalability on systems with tens of thousands of network endpoints. The need for better understanding is not only driven by the desire to identify potential performance optimization opportunities for current networks, but is also a necessity for designing next-generation networking hardware. In this paper, we describe our approach to instrumenting the SeaStar interconnect on the Cray XT series of massively parallel processing machines to gather low-level network timing data. This data provides a new perspective on performance evaluation, both in terms of evaluating the resource usage patterns of applications as well as evaluating different implementation strategies in the network protocol stack. C1 [Brightwell, Ron; Pedretti, Kevin; Ferreira, Kurt] Sandia Natl Labs, Scable Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scable Syst Software Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rbbrigh@sandia.gov; ktpedre@sandia.gov; kbferre@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4244-2389-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2008 BP 590 EP 596 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIW28 UT WOS:000263364400095 ER PT B AU Macal, CM North, MJ AF Macal, Charles M. North, Michael J. GP IEEE TI AGENT-BASED MODELING AND SIMULATION: ABMS EXAMPLES SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID MARKETS; BOTTOM; GAME; LIFE AB Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) is a new approach to modeling systems comprised of autonomous, interacting agents. ABMS promises to have far-reaching effects on the way that businesses use computers to support decision-making and researchers use electronic laboratories to support their research. Some have gone so far as to contend that ABMS "is a third way of doing science," in addition to traditional deductive and inductive reasoning (Axelrod 1997). Computational advances have made possible a growing number of agent-based models across a variety of application domains. Applications range from modeling agent behavior in the stock market, supply chains, and consumer markets, to predicting the spread of epidemics, the threat of bio-warfare, and the factors responsible for the fall of ancient civilizations. This tutorial describes the theoretical and practical foundations of ABMS, identifies toolkits and methods for developing agent models, and illustrates the development of a simple agent-based model. C1 [Macal, Charles M.; North, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Syst Simulat CAS2, Decis & Inforniat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macal, CM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Syst Simulat CAS2, Decis & Inforniat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macal@anl.gov; north@anl.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736060 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200011 ER PT B AU Portante, EC Taxon, TN Kavicky, JA Abdallah, T Perkins, TK AF Portante, Edgar C. Taxon, Thomas N. Kavicky, James A. Abdallah, Tarek Perkins, Timothy K. GP IEEE TI LINEAR MODELING AND SIMULATION OF LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC SYSTEM FOR SINGLE-POINT VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MILITARY INSTALLATION SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB This paper describes the formulation and development of a linear model to support the single-point vulnerability assessment of electric distribution systems at existing and future U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) military sites. The model uses flow sensitivity factors to rank candidates for designation as "critical components" and uses triggered cascading line outages to confirm the component's criticality. The model is written in Java and integrated in a package that employs a user-friendly graphical user inter-face (GUI) for convenient display of results. This paper describes the process used to formulate the model and presents a sample application. C1 [Portante, Edgar C.; Taxon, Thomas N.; Kavicky, James A.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Abdallah, Tarek; Perkins, Timothy K.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Portante, EC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ecportante@anl.gov; tntaxon@anl.gov; Kavicky@anl.gov; t-abdallah@cecer.army.mil; timothy.k.perkins@us.army.mil FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' ERDC FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of the following organizations: Argonnes Infrastructure Assurance Center and Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization Group for providing technical and logistical support and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ERDC for providing the data and funds for the project. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1207 EP + DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736192 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200143 ER PT B AU Brigantic, R Muller, G AF Brigantic, Robert Muller, George GP IEEE TI SIMULATION OF PASSENGER SCREENING FOR PANDEMIC INFLUENZA AT US AIRPORT PORTS OF ENTRY SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int C1 [Brigantic, Robert; Muller, George] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brigantic, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 2925 EP 2925 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736415 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496201151 ER PT B AU Van Hensbergen, E Minnich, R AF Van Hensbergen, Eric Minnich, Ron GP IEEE TI System Support for Many Task Computing SO 2008 WORKSHOP ON MANY-TASK COMPUTING ON GRIDS AND SUPERCOMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Many-Task Computing on Grids and Supercomputers CY NOV 17, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB The popularity of large scale systems such as Blue Gene has extended their reach beyond HPC into the realm of commercial computing. There is a desire in both communities to broaden the scope of these machines from tightly-coupled scientific applications running on MPI frameworks to more general-purpose workloads. Our approach deals with issues of scale by leveraging the huge number of nodes to distribute operating systems services and components across;he machine, tightly coupling the operating system and the interconnects to take maximum advantage of the unique capabilities of the HPC system. We plan on provisioning nodes to provide workload execution, aggregation, and system services, and dynamically re-provisioning nodes as necessary to accommodate changes, failure, and redundancy By incorporating aggregation as a first-class system construct, we will provide dynamic hierarchical organization and management of all system resources. In this paper we will go into the design principles of our approach using file systems, workload distribution and system monitoring as illustrative examples. Our end goal is to provide a cohesive distributed system which can broaden the class of applications for large scale systems and also make them more approachable for a larger class of developers and end users. C1 [Van Hensbergen, Eric] IBM Res, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Minnich, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Van Hensbergen, E (reprint author), IBM Res, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM bergevan@us.ibm.com; rminnich@sandia.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER25851] FX The ideas presented in this paper were developed in collaboration with David A. Eckhardt at Carnegie Mellon University, Charles Forsyth at Vitanuova Ltd, and Jim McKie of Bell Labs. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FG02-08ER25851. We have also benefited from access to the Argonne National Lab Blue Gene/P as part of the Department of Energy INCITE program. The Argonne support team has been particularly patient and helpful through the bootstrapping process which often has played havoc with the hardware and their control system. The port of Plan 9 to the Blue Gene hardware would not have been possible without the support of IBMs Blue Gene research team as well as contributions and support from Volker Strumpen, Amos Waterland, Volkmar Uhlig, and Jonathan Appavoo. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2872-4 PY 2008 BP 11 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJF37 UT WOS:000265427100002 ER PT B AU Zhang, Z Espinosa, A Iskra, K Raicu, I Foster, I Wilde, M AF Zhang, Zhao Espinosa, Allan Iskra, Kamil Raicu, Ioan Foster, Ian Wilde, Michael GP IEEE TI Design and Evaluation of a Collective IO Model for Loosely Coupled Petascale Programming SO 2008 WORKSHOP ON MANY-TASK COMPUTING ON GRIDS AND SUPERCOMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Many-Task Computing on Grids and Supercomputers CY NOV 17, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Loosely coupled programming is a powerful paradigm for rapidly creating higher-level applications from scientific programs on petascale systems, typically using scripting languages. This paradigm is a form of many-task computing (MTC) which focuses on the passing, of data between programs as ordinary files rather than messages. While it has the significant benefits of decoupling producer and consumer and allowing existing application programs to be executed in parallel with no recoding, its typical implementation using shared file systems places a high performance burden on the overall system and on the user who will analyze and consume the downstream data. Previous efforts have achieved great speedups with loosely coupled programs, but have done so with careful manual tuning of all shared file system access. In this work, we evaluate a prototype collective IO model for file-based MTC. The model enables efficient and easy distribution of input data files to computing nodes and gathering of output results from them. It eliminates the need for such manual tuning and makes the programming of large-scale clusters using a loosely coupled model easier. Our approach, inspired by in-memory approaches to collective operations for parallel programming, builds on fast local file systems to provide highspeed local file caches for parallel scripts, uses a broadcast approach to handle distribution of common input data, and uses efficient scatter/gather and caching techniques for input and output. We describe the design of Me prototype model, its implementation on the Blue Gene/P supercomputer, and present preliminary measurements of its performance on synthetic benchmarks and on a large-scale molecular dynamics application. C1 [Zhang, Zhao; Foster, Ian; Wilde, Michael] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Espinosa, Allan; Raicu, Ioan; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Iskra, Kamil; Foster, Ian; Wilde, Michael] Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM zhaozhang@uchicago.edu; aespinosa@cs.uchicago.edu; iskra@mcs.ani.gov; iraicu@cs.uchicago.edu; foster@mcs.anl.gov; wilde@mcs.anl.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0721939]; NASA Ames Research Center GSRP [NNA06CB89H]; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCI-0721939, by NASA Ames Research Center GSRP Grant Number NNA06CB89H, and by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2872-4 PY 2008 BP 19 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJF37 UT WOS:000265427100003 ER PT B AU Raicu, I Foster, IT Zhao, Y AF Raicu, Ioan Foster, Ian T. Zhao, Yong GP IEEE TI Many-Task Computing for Grids and Supercomputers SO 2008 WORKSHOP ON MANY-TASK COMPUTING ON GRIDS AND SUPERCOMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Many-Task Computing on Grids and Supercomputers CY NOV 17, 2008 CL Austin, TX DE many-task computing; MTC; high throughput computing; HTC; high performance computing; HPC AB Many-task computing aims to bridge the gap between two computing paradigms, high throughput computing and high performance computing,. Many task computing differs from high throughput computing in the emphasis of using large number of computing resources over short periods of time to accomplish many computational tasks (i.e. including both dependent and independent tasks), where primary metrics are measured in seconds (e.g. FLOPS, tasks/sec, MB/s I/O rates), as opposed to operations (e.g. jobs) per month. Many task computing denotes high-performance computations comprising multiple distinct activities, coupled via file system operations. Tasks may be small or large, uniprocessor or multiprocessor, compute-intensive or data-intensive. The set of tasks may be static or dynamic, homogeneous or heterogeneous, loosely coupled or tightly coupled. The aggregate number of tasks, quantity of computing, and volumes of data may be extremely large. Many task computing includes loosely coupled applications that are generally communication-intensive but not naturally expressed using standard message passing interface commonly found in high performance computing, drawing attention to the many computations that are heterogeneous but not "happily" parallel. C1 [Raicu, Ioan; Foster, Ian T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Foster, Ian T.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Foster, Ian T.] Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Zhao, Yong] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA USA. RP Raicu, I (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM iraicu@cs.uchicago.edu; foster@anl.gov; yozha@microsoft.com FU NASA Ames Research Center GSRP [NNA06CB89H]; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE- AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [OCI-0721939] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Ames Research Center GSRP grant number NNA06CB89H, the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE- AC02-06CH11357, and the National Science Foundation under grant OCI-0721939. We also thank the Argonne Leadership Co mputing Facility for allowing us to test MTC in practice on the IBM Blue Gene/P. We also thank our many colleagues for their contributions to the implementations and applications of making many task computing a reality; in no particular order, we would like to thank Michael Wilde, Zhao Zhang, Allan Espinosa, Ben Clifford, Kamil Iskra, Pete Beckman, Mike Kubal, Don Hanson, Matthew Cohoon, Fangfang Xia, Rick Stevens, Douglas Thain, Matei Ripeanu, and Samer Al-Kiswany. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2872-4 PY 2008 BP 57 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJF37 UT WOS:000265427100007 ER PT B AU Zrilic, DG Cherepanov, P Visarraga, D AF Zrilic, Djuro G. Cherepanov, Pavlo Visarraga, Darrin GP IEEE TI A FEEDBACK CONTROLLED PWM INVERTER BASED ON DELTA-SIGMA MODULATION SO 2008 WORLD AUTOMATION CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Automation Congress 2008 CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008-2009 CL Waikoloa, HI AB A new control strategy for a pulse-width modulator inverter controlled by a synchronous delta-sigma modulator is presented. Two methods, based on delta-sigma modulation, are proposed for creating pulse-width modulated signals. The first method uses an over-sampled binary quantizer, while the second method employs a reference ramp signal along with an over-sampled binary quantizer. The benefits of both approaches are noise immunity and a simplified approach for filter design. Simulation results show good performance in the presence of noise. Additionally, the response time of a load filter is shown to be equal to the multiple time constant of a delta-sigma noise-shaping filter. C1 [Zrilic, Djuro G.] New Mexico Highlands Univ, Albuquerque, NM 87137 USA. [Cherepanov, Pavlo] Univ New Mexico, Mat Grad Student, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Visarraga, Darrin] Los Alamos Nat Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zrilic, DG (reprint author), New Mexico Highlands Univ, Albuquerque, NM 87137 USA. EM dgzrilic@nmhu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-8893-3538-4 PY 2008 BP 426 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BKS47 UT WOS:000269081500071 ER PT S AU Vatsavai, RR Shekhar, S Bhaduri, B AF Vatsavai, Ranga Raju Shekhar, Shashi Bhaduri, Budhendra GP IEEE Computer Society TI Sub-class Recognition From Aggregate Class Labels: Preliminary Results SO 20TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 03-05, 2008 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligence Soc, Wright State Univ, Univ Patras, Virginia Tech AB In many practical situations it is not feasible to collect labeled samples for all available classes in a domain. Especially in supervised classification of remotely sensed images it is impossible to collect ground truth information over large geographic regions for all thematic classes. As a result often analysts collect labels for aggregate classes. In this paper we present a novel learning scheme that automatically learns sub-classes from the user given aggregate classes. We model each aggregate class as finite Gaussian mixture instead of classical assumption of unimodal Gaussian per class. The number of components in each finite Gaussian mixture are automatically estimated. Experimental results on real remotely sensed image classification showed not only improved accuracy in aggregate class classification but the proposed method also recognized subclasses. C1 [Vatsavai, Ranga Raju; Bhaduri, Budhendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008,MS-6017,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shekhar, Shashi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Vatsavai, RR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008,MS-6017,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vatsavairr@ornl.gov; bhaduribl@ornl.gov FU UT-Battelle, LLC [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX We would like to thank our former collaborators Thomas E. Burk, Jamie Smedsmo, Ryan Kirk and Tim Mack at the University of Minnesota for useful comments and inputs into this research. The comments of Eddie Bright, Phil Coleman, and Veeraraghavan Vijayraj, have greatly improved the technical accuracy and readability of this paper. Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6285, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-3440-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2008 BP 61 EP + DI 10.1109/ICTAI.2008.152 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BIR42 UT WOS:000262214700008 ER PT S AU Lively, CW Taylor, VE Alam, SR Vetter, JS AF Lively, Charles W. Taylor, Valerie E. Alam, Sadaf R. Vetter, Jeffrey S. BE Caceres, EN Cirne, W Prasanna, VK TI A Methodology for Developing High Fidelity Communication Models for Large-scale Applications Targeted on Multicore Systems SO 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2008 CL Campo Grande, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Int Federat Informat Proc, Fed Univ Mato Grosso Sul, Fed Univ Campina Grande AB Resource sharing and implementation of software stack for emerging multicore processors introduce performance and scaling challenges for large-scale scientific applications, particularly on systems with thousands of processing elements. Traditional performance optimization, tuning and modeling techniques that rely on uniform representation of computation and communication requirements are only partially useful due to the complexity of applications and underlying systems and software architecture. In this paper, we propose a workload modeling methodology that allows application developers to capture and represent hierarchical decomposition and distribution of their applications thereby allowing them to explore and identify optimal mapping of a workload on a target system. We demonstrate the proposed methodology on a Teraflopsscale fusion application that is developed using message-passing (MPI) programming paradigm. Using our analysis and projection results, we obtain insight into the performance characteristics of the application on a quad-core system and also identify optimal mapping on a Teraflops-scale platform. C1 [Lively, Charles W.; Taylor, Valerie E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Alam, Sadaf R.; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lively, CW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM clively@cs.tamu.edu; taylor@cs.tamu.edu; alamsr@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-6533 BN 978-0-7695-3423-7 J9 INT SYM COMP ARCHIT PY 2008 BP 55 EP + DI 10.1109/SBAC-PAD.2008.27 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIR79 UT WOS:000262361200007 ER PT S AU Forrest, S Hofmeyr, S Somayaji, A AF Forrest, Stephanie Hofmeyr, Steven Somayaji, Anil TI The Evolution of System-call Monitoring SO 24TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual Computer Security Applications Conference - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA SP Appl Comp Security Associates ID INTRUSION-DETECTION; ANOMALY DETECTION; MODELS AB Computer security systems protect computers and networks from unauthorized use by external agents and insiders. The similarities between computer security and the problem of protecting a body against damage from. externally and internally generated threats are compelling and were recognized as early as 1972 when the term computer virus was coined. The connection to immunology was made explicit in the mid 1990s, leading to a variety of prototypes, commercial products, attacks, and analyses. The paper reviews one thread of this active research area, focusing on system-call monitoring and its application to anomaly intrusion detection and response. The paper discusses the biological principles illustrated by the method, followed by a brief review of how system call monitoring was used in anomaly intrusion detection and the results that were obtained. Proposed attacks against the method are discussed, along with several important branches of research that have arisen since the original papers were published. These include other data modeling methods, extensions to the original system call method, and rate limiting responses. Finally, the significance of this body of work and areas of possible future investigation are outlined in the conclusion. C1 [Forrest, Stephanie] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hofmeyr, Steven] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Somayaji, Anil] Carleton Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Forrest, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM forrest@cs.unm.edu; shofmeyr@lbl.gov; soma@scs.carleton.ca FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [IRI-9157644]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-95-1-0364]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [N00014-96-1-0680]; NSF [CCF 0621900, CCR-0331580]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI [FA9550- 07-1-0532]; Santa Fe Institute FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the many people who encouraged and assisted us during the development of the original system call project. In particular, we thank Dave Ackley, Tom Longstaff, and Eugene Spafford. Jed Crandall, Dave Evans, ThanhVu Nguyen, and Eugene Spafford made many helpful suggestions on this manuscript. The original project was partially funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) IRI-9157644, Office of Naval Research N00014-95-1-0364, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency N00014-96-1-0680. SF acknowledges NSF (CCF 0621900, CCR-0331580), Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI grant FA9550- 07-1-0532, and the Santa Fe Institute. AS acknowledges NSERCs Discovery program and MITACS. NR 83 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-9527 BN 978-0-7695-3447-3 J9 ANN COMPUT SECURITY PY 2008 BP 418 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2008.54 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV52 UT WOS:000263156400039 ER PT B AU Turner, CJ Crawford, RH Campbell, MI AF Turner, Cameron J. Crawford, Richard H. Campbell, Matthew I. GP ASME TI Mixed integer optimization with NURBs HyPerModels SO 27TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN; APPROXIMATION; METAMODELS; DESCENT AB The challenge of determining the best design in a multimodal design space with multiple local optimal solutions often challenges the best available optimization techniques. By casting the objective function of the optimization problem in the form of a Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBs) metamodel, known as a HyPerModel, significant optimization advantages can be achieved, including the ability to efficiently find the global metamodel optimum solution with less computational expense than traditional approaches. This optimization strategy, defined by the HyPerOp algorithm, uses the underlying structure of a HyPerModel to intelligently select starting points for optimization runs and to identify regions of the design space that do not contain locations for the global metamodel optimum location. This paper describes the application of the HyPerOp algorithm to mixed integer programming problems and demonstrates its use with two example applications. The algorithm works with design spaces composed of continuous and integer design variables and provides a complementary approach for improved optimization capabilities. C1 [Turner, Cameron J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turner, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J580, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Turner, Cameron/N-7266-2014 OI Turner, Cameron/0000-0001-9546-2328 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4803-6 PY 2008 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHM50 UT WOS:000254279300038 ER PT S AU Al-Kiswany, S Ripeanu, M Vazhkudai, SS Gharaibeh, A AF Al-Kiswany, Samer Ripeanu, Matel Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S. Gharaibeh, Abdullah TI stdchk: A Checkpoint Storage System for Desktop Grid Computing SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems CY JUN 17-20, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB Checkpointing is an indispensable technique to provide fault tolerance for long-running high-throughput applications like those running on desktop grids. This article argues that a checkpoint storage system, optimized to operate in these environments, can offer multiple benefits: reduce the load on a traditional file system, offer high-performance through specialization, and, finally, optimize data management by taking into account checkpoint application semantics. Such a storage system can present a unifying abstraction to checkpoint operations, while hiding the fact that there are no dedicated resources to store the checkpoint data. We prototype stdchk, a checkpoint storage system that uses scavenged disk space from participating desktops to build a low-cost storage system, offering a traditional file system interface for easy integration with applications. This article presents the stdchk architecture, key performance optimizations, and its support for incremental checkpointing and increased data availability. Our evaluation confirms that the stdchk approach is viable in a desktop grid setting and offers a low-cost storage system with desirable performance characteristics: high write throughput as well as reduced storage space and network effort to save checkpoint images. C1 [Al-Kiswany, Samer; Ripeanu, Matel; Gharaibeh, Abdullah] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Al-Kiswany, S (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM samera@ece.ubc.ca; matei@ece.ubc.ca; vazhkudaiss@ornl.gov; abdullah@ece.ubc.ca NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6927 BN 978-1-4244-3174-8 J9 INT CON DISTR COMP S PY 2008 BP 613 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.19 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIW60 UT WOS:000263415700074 ER PT S AU Zhang, Z Lee, K Ma, X Zhou, Y AF Zhang, Zhe Lee, Kyuhyung Ma, Xiaosong Zhou, Yuanyuan TI PFC: Transparent Optimization of Existing Prefetching Strategies for Multi-level Storage Systems SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems CY JUN 17-20, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB The multi-level storage architecture has been widely adopted in servers and data centers. However, while prefetching has been shown as a crucial technique to exploit the sequentiality in accesses common for such systems and hide the increasing relative cost of disk I/O, existing multi-level storage studies have focused mostly on cache replacement strategies. In this paper, we show that prefetching algorithms designed for single-level systems may have their limitations magnified when applied to multi-level systems. Overly conservative prefetching will not be able to effectively use the lower-level cache space, while overlay aggressive prefetching will be compounded across levels and generate large amounts of wasted prefetch. We take an innovative approach to this problem: rather than designing a new, mu W-level prefetching algorithm, we developed PreFetching-Coordinator (PFC), a hierarchy-aware optimization applicable to any existing prefetching algorithms. PFC does not require any application hints, a priori knowledge on the application access pattern or the native prefetching algorithm, or modification to the I/O interface. Instead, it monitors the upper-level access patterns as well as the lower-level cache status, and dynamically adjusts the aggressiveness of the lower-level prefetching activities. We evaluated PFC with extensive simulation study using a verified multi-level storage simulator, an accurate disk simulator and access traces with different access patterns. Our results indicate that PFC dynamically controls lower-level prefetching in reaction to multiple system and workload parameters, improving the overall system performance in all 96 test cases. Working with four well-known existing prefetching algorithms adopted in real systems, PFC obtains an improvement of up to 35% to the average request response time, with an average improvement of 14.6% over all cases. C1 [Zhang, Zhe; Ma, Xiaosong] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhang, Zhe; Ma, Xiaosong] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, Kyuhyung; Zhou, Yuanyuan] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Champaign, IL USA. [Ma, Xiaosong] Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM zzhang3@ncsu.edu; kyuhlee@uiuc.edu; ma@cs.ncsu.edu; yyzhou@uiuc.edu FU NSF HECURA [CCF-0621470]; DOE ECPI [DE-FG02-05ER25685]; NSF CAREER [CNS-0546301, CNS-0347854]; NSF [CNS-0615372]; NCSU; ORNL; Korea Research Foundation through Korean Government [KRF-2006-612-D00071] FX We wish to thank Song Jiang and Shuang Liang for offering us help in using the SPC traces, Ali Butt foruseful comments on the Linux prefetching algorithm and the Purdue Multi trace, as well as Xiaoning Ding, Feng Chen and Enhua Tan for help on using DiskSim. This research is sponsored by a collaborative NSF HECURA grant CCF-0621470. It was also sponsored in part by a DOE ECPI Award (DE-FG02-05ER25685), two NSF CAREER Awards (CNS-0546301 and CNS-0347854), and NSF grant CNS-0615372. In addition, the work is supported by Xiaosong Mas joint appointment between NCSU and ORNL, and Kyuhyung Lees scholarship from the Korea Research Foundation Grant KRF-2006-612-D00071 through the Korean Government. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6927 BN 978-1-4244-3174-8 J9 INT CON DISTR COMP S PY 2008 BP 740 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDCS.2008.89 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIW60 UT WOS:000263415700089 ER PT B AU Van Randwyk, J Chiang, K Lloyd, L Vanderveen, K AF Van Randwyk, Jamie Chiang, Ken Lloyd, Levi Vanderveen, Keith BE Sanson, LD Fliegel, K TI FARM: AN AUTOMATED MALWARE ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENT SO 42ND ANNUAL 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 13-16, 2008 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Czech Tech Univ, Chung Shan Inst Sci, IEEE Ottawa Sect, Natl Cent Univ DE Computer systems security and privacy; Network intrusion detection technology and virus protection AB We present the Forensic Analysis Repository for Malware (FARM), a system for automating malware analysis. FARM leverages existing dynamic and static analysis tools and is designed in a modular fashion to provide future extensibility. We present our motivations for designing the system and give an overview of the system architecture. We also present several common scenarios that detail uses for FARM as well as illustrate how automated malware analysis saves time. Finally, we discuss future development of this tool. C1 [Van Randwyk, Jamie; Chiang, Ken; Lloyd, Levi; Vanderveen, Keith] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Van Randwyk, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. EM jvanran@sandia.gov; kchiang@sandia.gov; llloyd@sandia.gov; kbvande@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1816-9 PY 2008 BP 321 EP 325 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BIZ74 UT WOS:000264043000056 ER PT B AU Riblett, LE Wiseman, JM AF Riblett, Loren E. Wiseman, James M. BE Sanson, LD Fliegel, K TI TACNET TRACKER (c): BUILT-IN CAPABILITIES FOR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SO 42ND ANNUAL 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 13-16, 2008 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Czech Tech Univ, Chung Shan Inst Sci, IEEE Ottawa Sect, Natl Cent Univ DE ad hoc communications network; secure mobile communications; Blue Force; tracking AB TacNet Tracker (c) is a portable wireless computer, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, that provides secure real-time tracking and self-forming connectivity through the integration of uniquely packaged commercial off-the-shelf components and customized software. TacNet Tracker (c) is designed to support applications that enhance security and logistics in areas such as homeland security, emergency services, warehousing, transportation and logistics, and the military. It is a lightweight wearable low-cost device that can accommodate a variety of network options, such as mesh radio network or 802.11 wireless. When operated with a mesh network-a mobile ad hoc network that accommodates data speeds up to 6 Mbyte per second-TacNet Tracker (c) can provide situational awareness to individuals in the field securely without the need for fixed infrastructure. TacNet Tracker (c)'s current application lets authorized individuals share and display the global positioning system locations of all subscriber devices. TacNet Tracker (c) provides the potential for increased situational awareness through numerous other capabilities built right into the unit. Unlike the extensive add-ons required for laptops or personal digital assistants, TacNet Tracker (c) offers the following built-in features: Unique combination of the latest XScale (R) low-power computing technology with substantial memory footprint and real-time operating system Multiple communication options, such as Bluetooth, Ethernet connections, USB, and JTAG interfaces Capability for voice-over internet protocol This paper details TacNet Tracker (c)'s development path, built-in capabilities, and performance testing, and describes its potential to support a variety of operations, ranging from smoke-jumpers in a wildfire to seaport security. C1 [Riblett, Loren E.; Wiseman, James M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riblett, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0775, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lerible@sandia.gov; jmwisem@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1816-9 PY 2008 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BIZ74 UT WOS:000264043000061 ER PT B AU Green, MW Sparks, R Pritchard, DA AF Green, Mary W. Sparks, Richard Pritchard, Daniel A. BE Sanson, LD Fliegel, K TI REAL-TIME VIDEO SURVEILLANCE FOR FIRST RESPONDERS IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION SO 42ND ANNUAL 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 13-16, 2008 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Czech Tech Univ, Chung Shan Inst Sci, IEEE Ottawa Sect, Natl Cent Univ DE video surveillance; first responders; remote video; wireless video; emergency services AB The world wide web has made it possible for emergency personnel to monitor video camera scenes from all over the world; this is especially important in the event of an emergency or crisis situation. Unfortunately, it is possible that during some crises, the world wide web won't be available, either due to the outage of major infrastructures or through the malicious intentions of an adversary. Furthermore, the first responders that most need this type of surveillance capability may not have the in-house technical expertise it takes to maintain such a system. While working on a school security project several years ago, Sandia National Laboratories (funded by the U.S. National Institute of Justice) discovered the surprising usefulness of a common older, mature technology that is much less used today in security systems. Given that a facility already has an in-house video camera system installed, it was found that this device can actually be employed, in conjunction with a simple RF (radio frequency) system, to provide real-time video scenes to first responders when they arrive at, or near, a facility where an emergency situation is in progress. The cost to purchase and install this device at a particular facility (that would then allow this facility to be monitored via their own cameras by emergency personnel outside the facility) would be between $1000 and $2000. A first-responder team would need one set of receiving equipment, called the Responder Tool Kit, costing approximately $7500, that would then allow them to observe any facility that has this device installed. This technology is currently being transferred to a small business in New Mexico. Sandia installed and tested this system at a large rural school in New Mexico where the school's cameras were successfully monitored by a test team located several hundred yards away from the campus. C1 [Green, Mary W.; Sparks, Richard; Pritchard, Daniel A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Green, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mgreen@sandia.gov; riogrande43@aol.com; dpritch@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1816-9 PY 2008 BP 364 EP 370 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BIZ74 UT WOS:000264043000063 ER PT S AU Munsky, B Khammash, M AF Munsky, Brian Khammash, Mustafa GP IEEE TI Using Noise Transmission Properties to Identify Stochastic Gene Regulatory Networks SO 47TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2008 (CDC 2008) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-11, 2008 CL IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE, Soc Ind & Appl Math (SIAM), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci (INFORMS), Japanese Soc Instrument & Control Engn (SICE), European Union Control Assoc (EUCA), Taylor & Francis Grp, StatoilHydro HO IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS) ID CHEMICAL LANGEVIN; SIMULATION; EXPRESSION; APPROXIMATION AB Gene regulatory networks often occur at such small scales that their dynamics are controlled by individual molecular events. This discrete behavior causes significant quantities of intrinsic noise. In some cases, mechanisms exist in the system to repress this noise. With different parameters, the same mechanisms may amplify the noise. By examining the properties of how noise is transmitted through the system, one can gather significant information about the system and aid researchers to identify system properties. In this paper, we consider a few simple analytical schemes to identify the parameters of gene transcription and translation processes with feedback regulation. While protein distributions can be measured with fluorescent protein tagging and flow cytometry, it is much more difficult to measure the quantities of messenger RNAs in a single cell. We show that with the right experimental procedures involving measurements of proteins alone, one can identify transcription and translation parameters. C1 [Munsky, Brian] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci & Comp, Computat & Stat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Munsky, Brian; Khammash, Mustafa] Univ Calif, Ctr Control Dynam Syst & Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Munsky, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci & Comp, Computat & Stat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brian.munsky@gmail.com; khammash@engr.ucsb.edu RI Munsky, Brian/A-1947-2016 OI Munsky, Brian/0000-0001-6147-7329 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-ITR CCF-0326576]; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies [DAAD19-03-D-0004]; U.S. Army Research Office FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF-ITR CCF-0326576 and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies through Grant DAAD19-03-D-0004 from the U.S. Army Research Office. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-3124-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2008 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1109/CDC.2008.4739095 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BBL77 UT WOS:000307311600127 ER PT S AU Hauck, CD Levermore, CD Tits, AL AF Hauck, Cory D. Levermore, C. David Tits, Andre L. GP IEEE TI Convex Duality and Entropy-Based Moment Closures: Characterizing Degenerate Densities SO 47TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2008 (CDC 2008) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-11, 2008 CL IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE, Soc Ind & Appl Math (SIAM), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci (INFORMS), Japanese Soc Instrument & Control Engn (SICE), European Union Control Assoc (EUCA), Taylor & Francis Grp, StatoilHydro HO IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS) AB A common method for constructing a function from a finite set of moments is to solve a constrained minimization problem. The idea is to find, among all functions with the given moments, that function which minimizes a physically motivated, strictly convex functional. In the kinetic theory of gases, this functional is the kinetic entropy; the given moments are macroscopic densities; and the solution to the constrained minimization problem is used to formally derive a closed system of partial differential equations which describe how the macroscopic densities evolve in time. Moment equations are useful because they simplify the kinetic, phase-space description of a gas, and with entropy-based closures, they retain many of the fundamental properties of kinetic transport. Unfortunately, in many situations, macroscopic densities can take on values for which the constrained minimization problem does not have a solution. In this paper, we give a geometric description of these so-called degenerate densities in a very general setting. Our key tool is the complementary slackness condition that is derived from a dual formulation of a minimization problem with relaxed constraints. We show that the set of degenerate densities is a union of convex cones defined by the complementary slackness conditions and, under reasonable assumptions, that this set is small in both a topological and a measure-theoretic sense. This result is important for further assessment and implementation of entropy-based moment closures. An expanded version of this work can be found in [Hauck et al., SIAM J. Contr. Optim., Vol. 47, 2008, pp. 1977-2015]. C1 [Hauck, Cory D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Levermore, C. David] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tits, Andre L.] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hauck, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cdhauck@lanl.gov; lvrmr@math.umd.edu; andre@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0422931]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG0204ER25655] FX Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (andre@umd.edu). The work of this author was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMI-0422931 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DEFG0204ER25655. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-3124-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2008 BP 5092 EP 5097 DI 10.1109/CDC.2008.4739510 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BBL77 UT WOS:000307311605038 ER PT S AU Palmer, DW Brocato, RW Bacon, LD Wouters, GA Pickens, WS Loubriel, G AF Palmer, David W. Brocato, Robert W. Bacon, Larry D. Wouters, Gregg A. Pickens, Wesley S. Loubriel, Guillermo GP IEEE TI Real-time RF spectrum analyzer: Components and system development SO 58TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT AB Many wireless communication links quickly hop between narrow frequency channels. Many such connections can occur simultaneously in the same band and hop in a standard pseudorandom frequency pattern dwelling a predetermined time in each channel. To sense modem communication, a real-time spectrum analyzer is very useful. One large advantage of real time analysis is that it only records data in active channels because it can determine the activity in each time interval. Another advantage is that communication that is not adhering to FCC standards can also be discerned. A van full of RF amplifiers, digitizers, and Fourier analysis equipment has been used for this job in non-real time. We chose to attack this design by providing many identical signal paths, one for each frequency channel. A number of RF components had to be developed to make this circuit power efficient and fit a small footprint. The initial broad band signal from an antenna sees Low Noise Amplification (LNA) and then is divided into many identical RF signal paths using Silicon Germanium integrated circuits (SiGe RFICs). Each of these RF signals is filtered by one filter in a ladder of frequency adjacent SAW filters. The output of each SAW device is compared with the RF power seen in the previous time interval to see if there is less or more of a signal. Up to this point the system has been low-power analog. Once the RF channel powers are quantified, the system uses a digital signal processor (DSP) to further analyze signal characteristics. C1 [Palmer, David W.; Brocato, Robert W.; Bacon, Larry D.; Wouters, Gregg A.; Pickens, Wesley S.; Loubriel, Guillermo] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Palmer, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0341, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM palmerdw@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-2230-2 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2008 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2008.4549962 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHX16 UT WOS:000257141200022 ER PT S AU Cheng, J Chen, S Vianco, P Li, JCM AF Cheng, Jing Chen, Samuel Vianco, Paul Li, James C. M. GP IEEE TI A new mechanism for hillock formation over electrodeposited thin tin film SO 58TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT DE tin whiskers; tin hillocks; growth mechanism; flow path; FIB ID SPONTANEOUS WHISKER GROWTH; SN; IMPRESSION; CREEP; CU AB Tin film about one micron thick was electroplated over a silicon wafer pre-coated with a layer of Cr and another layer of Ni by evaporation. A special sample holder was designed to apply compressive stresses in the electroplated tin film. After incubation in a vacuum oven at 160 degrees C for 7 days, huge hillocks about 10-30 mu m diameter and 30-150 mu m length grew with a density about 7 per square mm. On the top of the hillocks there appeared a polycrystalline layer similar to the tin film. FIB technique was used to reveal the inner microstructure of these huge hillocks. They are single crystals of Sn with [001] direction perpendicular to the film. The flow path of tin atoms appears to originate from the stressed Sn/Ni interface moving along the interface radially toward the root of the hillock. C1 [Cheng, Jing; Li, James C. M.] Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Chen, Samuel] Eastman Kodak Co, New Rochelle 14559, NY USA. [Vianco, Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM jicheng@me.rochester.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-2230-2 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2008 BP 472 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHX16 UT WOS:000257141200074 ER PT S AU Pytel, SG Huray, PG Hall, SH Mellitz, RI Brist, G Meyer, HM Walker, L Garland, M AF Pytel, Steven G. Huray, Paul G. Hall, Stephen H. Mellitz, Richard I. Brist, Gary Meyer, Harry M., III Walker, Larry Garland, Marc GP IEEE TI Analysis of copper treatments and the effects on signal propagation SO 58TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Elect Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT AB As computer data rates increase into the 30 - 50 Gb/s range fundamental material challenges emerge that make it difficult to design a robust electrical interconnect between the transmitter and receiver. This paper discusses the effects of differing copper treatments and the effects these treatments have on signal propagation for a computer electrical interconnect. Two types of treatments have been studied: high profile copper (HPC) and low profile copper (LPC). Discussions on the physical surface geometry and elemental analyses of these copper types along with their signaling effects are discussed below. C1 [Pytel, Steven G.; Hall, Stephen H.; Mellitz, Richard I.; Brist, Gary] Intel Corp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Pytel, Steven G.; Huray, Paul G.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Meyer, Harry M., III; Walker, Larry; Garland, Marc] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Pytel, SG (reprint author), Intel Corp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM spytel@ansoft.com FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Programs; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0500OR22725] FX Research measurements at ORNL sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC0500OR22725. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-2230-2 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2008 BP 1144 EP + DI 10.1109/ECTC.2008.4550120 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHX16 UT WOS:000257141201014 ER PT S AU Albright, BJ Schmitt, MJ Fernandez, JC Cragg, GE Tregillis, I Yin, L Hegelich, BM AF Albright, B. J. Schmitt, M. J. Fernandez, J. C. Cragg, G. E. Tregillis, I. Yin, L. Hegelich, B. M. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Studies in Capsule Design for Mid-Z Ion-Driven Fast Ignition SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID PROTON-BEAMS; LASER; ACCELERATION; FUSION AB Ion fast ignition (FI) is an approach to fast ignition inertial confinement fusion (ICF) where an energetic ion beam is used to heat a hot spot in a compressed ICF capsule to ignition conditions. Recent work at LANL and elsewhere suggests that ion beams with Z > 1 may be produced with characteristics suitable for FI. Indeed, fast ignition using mid-Z ions may have advantages over protons FI interms of number of ions required for ignition, robustness of the ion beam to beam-plasma instabilities, sharpness of Bragg peak, and ability to locate the ion source far from the ignition capsule. In this paper, simple preliminary capsule designs for mid-Z ion fast ignition are assessed. These designs comprise a DT gas pocket, a DT ice fuel layer, and alow-Z ablator subject to a drive achievable on facilities such as the NIF and LMJ. Dependence of capsule gain with various beam parameters are obtained. C1 [Albright, B. J.; Schmitt, M. J.; Fernandez, J. C.; Cragg, G. E.; Tregillis, I.; Yin, L.; Hegelich, B. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albright, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM balbright@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Hegelich, Bjorn/J-2689-2013; OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 022029 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022029 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000046 ER PT S AU Atherton, LJ AF Atherton, L. Jeffrey BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Targets for the National Ignition Campaign SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 beam Nd-glass laser facility presently under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for performing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and experiments studying high energy density (HED) science. When completed in 2009, NIF will be able to produce 1.8 MJ, 500 TW of ultraviolet light for target experiments that will create conditions of extreme temperatures (>10(8) K), pressures (10 GBar) and matter densities (>100 g/cm(3)). A detailed program called the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) has been developed to enable ignition experiments in 2010, with the goal of producing fusion ignition and burn of a deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel mixture in millimeter-scale target capsules. The first of the target experiments leading up to these ignition shots will begin in 2008. The targets for the NIC are both complex and precise, and are extraordinarily demanding in materials fabrication, machining, assembly, cryogenics and characterization. The DT fuel is contained in a 2-millimeter-diameter graded copper/beryllium or CH shell. The 75-mu m-thick cryogenic ice DT fuel layer is formed to sub-micron uniformity at a temperature of approximately 18 Kelvin. The capsule and its fuel layer sit at the center of a gold/depleted uranium "cocktail" hohlraum. Researchers at LLNL have teamed with colleagues at General Atomics to lead the development of the technologies, engineering design and manufacturing infrastructure necessary to produce these demanding targets. We are also collaborating with colleagues at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester in DT layering, and at Fraunhofer in Germany in nano-crystalline diamond as an alternate ablator to Beryllium and CH. The Beryllium capsules and cocktail hohlraums are made by physical vapor deposition onto sacrificial mandrels. These coatings must have high density (low porosity), uniform microstructure, low oxygen content and low permeability. The ablator capsule has a 5-mu m-diameter hole laser drilled to permit removal of the mandrel and introduction of the DT fuel. A 10-mu m-diameter fill tube is bonded to the capsule to enable filling with the DT gas. These components must then be assembled to tolerances of approximately 5-10 microns, with comprehensive characterization and metrology. The DT ice is formed through controlled seeding, aided by beta decay of the tritium to help smooth the layer, and differential heating of the hohlraum to counteract the effects of natural convection. We present an overview of the technologies for target fabrication, assembly and metrology and advances in growth and imaging of DT ice layers. The sum of these efforts represents a quantum leap in target precision, characterization, manufacturing rate and flexibility over current state-of-the-art. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Atherton, LJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Atherton1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032063 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032063 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000179 ER PT S AU Audebert, P Lecherbourg, L Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Geindre, JP Blancard, C Cosse, P Faussurier, G Shepherd, R Renaudin, P AF Audebert, P. Lecherbourg, L. Bastiani-Ceccotti, S. Geindre, J. -P. Blancard, C. Cosse, P. Faussurier, G. Shepherd, R. Renaudin, P. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Atomic Processes in Plasmas Created by an Ultra-short Laser Pulse SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID ABSORPTION EXPERIMENTS; CONSTRAINED SAMPLES; MATTER AB Point projection K-shell absorption spectroscopy has been used to measure absorption spectra of transient aluminum plasma created by an ultra-short laser pulse. 1s-2p and 1s-3p absorption lines of weakly ionized aluminum were measured for an extended range of densities in a relatively low-temperature regime. Independent plasma characterization was obtained from frequency domain interferometry (FDI) diagnostic and allows the interpretation of the absorption spectra in terms of spectral opacities. The experimental spectra are compared with opacity calculations using the density and temperature inferred from the analysis of the FDI data. C1 [Audebert, P.; Lecherbourg, L.; Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Geindre, J. -P.] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,CEA,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Lecherbourg, L.] Univ Quebec, INRS Energie materiaux, Varennes, PQ, Canada. [Blancard, C.; Cosse, P.; Faussurier, G.] CEA DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theorique Appliquee, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Audebert, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,CEA,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM patrick.renaudin@cea.fr NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 042001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/4/042001 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000202 ER PT S AU Brown, CG Throop, A Eder, D Kimbrough, J AF Brown, C. G., Jr. Throop, A. Eder, D. Kimbrough, J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Electromagnetic Pulses at Short-Pulse Laser Facilities SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) is a known issue for short-pulse laser facilities, and will also be an issue for experiments using the advanced radiographic capability (ARC) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The ARC diagnostic uses four NIF beams that are compressed to picosecond durations for backlighting ignition capsules and other applications. Consequently, we are working to understand the EMP due to high-energy (MeV) electrons escaping from targets heated by short-pulse lasers. Our approach is to measure EMP in the Titan short-pulse laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and to employ that data to establish analysis and simulation capabilities. We have installed a wide variety of probes inside and outside the Titan laser chamber. We have high-frequency B-dot and D-dot probes, a photodiode, and fast current-viewing and integrating current transformers. The probe outputs are digitized by 10 and 20 Gsample/s oscilloscopes. The cables and oscilloscopes are well shielded to reduce noise. Our initial measurement campaign has yielded data useful mainly from several hundreds of MHz to several GHz. We currently are supplementing our high-frequency probes with lower-frequency ones to obtain better low-frequency data. In order to establish analysis and simulation capabilities we are modeling the Titan facility using various commercial and LLNL numerical electromagnetics codes. We have simulated EMP generation by having a specified number of electrons leave the target and strike the chamber wall and other components in the chamber. This short impulse of electrons has a correspondingly broad spectrum, exciting high-frequency structure in the resulting EMP. In this paper, we present results of our initial measurement campaign and comparisons between the measurements and simulations. C1 [Brown, C. G., Jr.; Throop, A.; Eder, D.; Kimbrough, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, CG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM brown207@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032025 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000141 ER PT S AU Callahan, DA Hinkel, DE Berger, RL Divol, L Dixit, SN Edwards, MJ Haan, SW Jones, OS Lindl, JD Meezan, NB Michel, PA Pollaine, SM Suter, J Town, RPJ Bradley, PA AF Callahan, D. A. Hinkel, D. E. Berger, R. L. Divol, L. Dixit, S. N. Edwards, M. J. Haan, S. W. Jones, O. S. Lindl, J. D. Meezan, N. B. Michel, P. A. Pollaine, S. M. Suter, J. Town, R. P. J. Bradley, P. A. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Optimization of the NIF Ignition Point Design Hohlraum SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB In preparation for the start of NIF ignition experiments, we have designed a porfolio of targets that span the temperature range that is consistent with initial NIF operations: 300 eV, 285 eV, and 270 eV. Because these targets are quite complicated, we have developed a plan for choosing the optimum hohlraum for the first ignition attempt that is based on this portfolio of designs coupled with early NIF experiements using 96 beams. These early experiments will measure the laser plasma instabilities of the candidate designs and will demonstrate our ability to tune symmetry in these designs. These experimental results, coupled with the theory and simulations that went into the designs, will allow us to choose the optimal hohlraum for the first NIF ignition attempt. C1 [Callahan, D. A.; Hinkel, D. E.; Berger, R. L.; Divol, L.; Dixit, S. N.; Edwards, M. J.; Haan, S. W.; Jones, O. S.; Lindl, J. D.; Meezan, N. B.; Michel, P. A.; Pollaine, S. M.; Suter, J.; Town, R. P. J.; Bradley, P. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-477, Livermore, CA USA. RP Callahan, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-477, Livermore, CA USA. EM dcallahan@llnl.gov RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012; OI Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 FU University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022021 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022021 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000038 ER PT S AU Cooley, JH Wilson, DC Dodd, ES Callahan, D Hinkle, D AF Cooley, James H. Wilson, Douglas C. Dodd, Evan S. Callahan, Debra Hinkle, Denise BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Investigation of the effect of the final laser pulse shape on capsule energetics and laser-plasma interactions for ignition targets SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB We present an evaluation of the effects of a modified final laser pulseon capsule energetics and Laser-Plasma Interactions (LPI) for a National Ignition Facility cryogenic ignition target. A point design laser pulse is well optimized for the capsule and has reasonably good expected LPI performance. However, we demonstrate that reduced exposure to LPI backscatter is possible for an ignition target with a reduction in capsule margin by reducing the laser peak power and slightly re-balancing the beam energy. The benefit of this reduced LPI exposure is expected to be highest if the ignition target LPI exhibits a threshold intensity near the laser pulse peak intensity. In this case, it may be possible to reduce LPI exposure while delivering adequate energy into the hohlraum and achieve adequate symmetry to ignite the capsule. C1 [Cooley, James H.; Wilson, Douglas C.; Dodd, Evan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Callahan, Debra; Hinkle, Denise] Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cooley, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jhcooley@lanl.gov FU US DOE/NNSA; LANS LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Work supported by US DOE/NNSA, performed by LANL, operated by LANS LLC under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022026 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000043 ER PT S AU Dauffy, L Tommasini, R Izumi, N Hatchett, S Song, P Landen, N AF Dauffy, L. Tommasini, R. Izumi, N. Hatchett, S. Song, P. Landen, Nino BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Gamma Background Calculation for the HEXRI Diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is nearing completion and the commencement of experiment campaigns leading to ignition. Different parameters of an implosion, such as the neutron yield and images of the target, will be inferred from the measurement of emitted neutrons, gammas, and x-rays using different diagnostics. The High-Energy X-Ray Imager (HEXRI) is one of these diagnostics and will be used on cryogenic Deuterium-Tritium implosions at NIF to provide data on the size and shape of the imploding inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules. These data are fundamental for understanding the reasons for ignition failure. Following an implosion, the background from neutrons and photons can be very large and can affect the quality of HEXRI images in terms of lowering the signal-to-background ratio below the threshold of 1. In this work we present Monte Carlo simulations of the n-gamma background from the components present inside the target chamber, i.e. the cryogenic target positioner, the Laser Plasma Interaction collimators, the neutron and HEXRI pinholes, and the hohlraum. We found that the ratio of the self-emission x-ray signal to n-gamma background signal stays well above 1 in all cases, allowing a good HEXRI image quality. C1 [Dauffy, L.; Tommasini, R.; Izumi, N.; Hatchett, S.; Song, P.; Landen, Nino] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dauffy, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA USA. EM dauffy1@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032085 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032085 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000201 ER PT S AU Divol, L Froula, D Meezan, N Berger, R London, R Michel, P Glenzer, SH AF Divol, L. Froula, D. Meezan, N. Berger, R. London, R. Michel, P. Glenzer, S. H. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Laser-plasma Interaction in Ignition Relevant Plasmas: benchmarking our 3D modelling capabilities versus recent experiments SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID PROPAGATION; BEAMS AB We have developed a new target platform to study Laser Plasma Interaction in ignition-relevant condition at the Omega laser facility (LLE/Rochester)[1]. By shooting an interaction beam along the axis of a gas-filled hohlraum heated by up to 17 kJ of heater beam energy, we were able to create a millimeter-scale underdense uniform plasma at electron temperatures above 3 keV. Extensive Thomson scattering measurements allowed us to benchmark our hydrodynamic simulations performed with HYDRA [1]. As a result of this effort, we can use with much confidence these simulations as input parameters for our LPI simulation code pF3d [2]. In this paper, we show that by using accurate hydrodynamic profiles and full three-dimensional simulations including a realistic modeling of the laser intensity pattern generated by various smoothing options, fluid LPI theory reproduces the SBS thresholds and absolute reflectivity values and the absence of measurable SRS. This good agreement was made possible by the recent increase in computing power routinely available for such simulations. C1 [Divol, L.; Froula, D.; Meezan, N.; Berger, R.; London, R.; Michel, P.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Divol, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM divol1@llnl.gov RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 022032 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022032 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000049 ER PT S AU Eder, DC Koniges, AE Landen, OL Masters, ND Fisher, AC Jones, OS Suratwala, TI Suter, LJ AF Eder, D. C. Koniges, A. E. Landen, O. L. Masters, N. D. Fisher, A. C. Jones, O. S. Suratwala, T. I. Suter, L. J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Debris and Shrapnel Mitigation Procedure for NIF Experiments SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB All experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will produce debris and shrapnel from vaporized, melted, or fragmented target/diagnostics components. For some experiments mitigation is needed to reduce the impact of debris and shrapnel on optics and diagnostics. The final optics, e. g., wedge focus lens, are protected by two layers of debris shields. There are 192 relatively thin (1-3 mm) disposable debris shields (DDS's) located in front of an equal number of thicker (10 mm) main debris shields (MDS's). The rate of deposition of debris on DDS's affects their replacement rate and hence has an impact on operations. Shrapnel (molten and solid) can have an impact on both types of debris shields. There is a benefit to better understanding these impacts and appropriate mitigation. Our experiments on the Omega laser showed that shrapnel from Ta pinhole foils could be redirected by tilting the foils. Other mitigation steps include changing location or material of the component identified as the shrapnel source. Decisions on the best method to reduce the impact of debris and shrapnel are based on results from a number of advanced simulation codes. These codes are validated by a series of dedicated experiments. One of the 3D codes, NIF's ALE-AMR, is being developed with the primary focus being a predictive capability for debris/shrapnel generation. Target experiments are planned next year on NIF using 96 beams. Evaluations of debris and shrapnel for hohlraum and capsule campaigns are presented. C1 [Eder, D. C.; Koniges, A. E.; Landen, O. L.; Masters, N. D.; Fisher, A. C.; Jones, O. S.; Suratwala, T. I.; Suter, L. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Eder, DC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM deder@llnl.gov RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 2 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032023 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000139 ER PT S AU Fernandez, JC Albright, BJ Flippo, KA Hegelich, BM Kwan, TJ Schmitt, MJ Yin, L AF Fernandez, Juan C. Albright, Brian J. Flippo, Kirk A. Hegelich, Bjoern M. Kwan, Thomas J. Schmitt, Mark J. Yin, Lin BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Progress on Ion Based Fast Ignition SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID PROTON-BEAMS; LASER; ACCELERATION; TARGETS; PLASMA AB Research at Los Alamos on fusion fast ignition (FI) [1] initiated by laser-driven ion beams heavier than protons has produced encouraging results. The minimum requirements for FI are relatively well understood [2]. Based on simple considerations and on those requirements, it is shown that FI of the compressed DT fuel using laser-driven heavy ion beams has advantages compared to laser-driven proton or electron beams, along with different risks compared to those approaches. Using a technologically convenient light-ion species such as Carbon, similar to 100-fold fewer ions may deliver the energy necessary to ignite, simplifying target fabrication. Key requirements for success include the generation of a monoenergetic beam (energy spread <= similar to 10%), a sufficiently high ion kinetic energy (similar to 450 MeV for C), and a sufficiently high conversion efficiency of laser to beam energy. An important benefit of this scheme is that such a high-energy, quasi-monoenergetic beam may be generated far from the capsule (similar to 1 cm away), eliminating the need for a reentrant cone in the capsule, a tremendous practical benefit. This paper summarizes our progress in meeting those requirements, and the results of an integrated 2D design for a proof of principle FI experiment based on this concept. C1 [Fernandez, Juan C.; Albright, Brian J.; Flippo, Kirk A.; Hegelich, Bjoern M.; Kwan, Thomas J.; Schmitt, Mark J.; Yin, Lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fernandez, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM juanc@lanl.gov RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Hegelich, Bjorn/J-2689-2013; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 022051 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022051 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000068 ER PT S AU Fisher, AC Masters, ND Dixit, P Benson, DJ Koniges, AE Anderson, RW Gunney, BTN Wang, P Becker, R AF Fisher, A. C. Masters, N. D. Dixit, P. Benson, D. J. Koniges, A. E. Anderson, R. W. Gunney, B. T. N. Wang, P. Becker, R. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Hierarchical Material Models for Fragmentation Modeling in NIF-ALE-AMR SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB Fragmentation is a fundamental process that naturally spans micro to macroscopic scales. Recent advances in algorithms, computer simulations, and hardware enable us to connect the continuum to microstructural regimes in a real simulation through a heterogeneous multiscale mathematical model. We apply this model to the problem of predicting how targets in the NIF chamber dismantle, so that optics and diagnostics can be protected from damage. The mechanics of the initial material fracture depend on the microscopic grain structure. In order to effectively simulate the fragmentation, this process must be modeled at the subgrain level with computationally expensive crystal plasticity models. However, there are not enough computational resources to model the entire NIF target at this microscopic scale. In order to accomplish these calculations, a hierarchical material model (HMM) is being developed. The HMM will allow fine-scale modeling of the initial fragmentation using computationally expensive crystal plasticity, while the elements at the mesoscale can use polycrystal models, and the macroscopic elements use analytical flow stress models. The HMM framework is built upon an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) capability. We present progress in implementing the HMM in the NIF-ALE-AMR code. Additionally, we present test simulations relevant to NIF targets. C1 [Fisher, A. C.; Masters, N. D.; Koniges, A. E.; Anderson, R. W.; Gunney, B. T. N.; Wang, P.; Becker, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Dixit, P.; Benson, D. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fisher, AC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fisher47@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng 48, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng 48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022027 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000044 ER PT S AU Garbett, WJ James, S Kyrala, GA Wilson, DC Benage, J Wysocki, FJ Gunderson, M Frenje, J Petrasso, R Glebov, VY Yaakobi, B AF Garbett, W. J. James, S. Kyrala, G. A. Wilson, D. C. Benage, J. Wysocki, F. J. Gunderson, M. Frenje, J. Petrasso, R. Glebov, V. Yu Yaakobi, B. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Constraining fundamental plasma physics processes using doped capsule implosions SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB A standard technique in inertial confinement fusion research is the use of low levels of spectroscopic dopants as a passive diagnostic of fuel conditions. Using higher dopant levels it becomes possible to modify the plasma conditions. Doped capsule experiments may thus provide a way to control and study fundamental plasma physics processes in the inertial fusion regime. As a precursor to eventual experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) we have performed a series of capsule implosions using the Omega laser. These are intended to guide the modelling of high-Z dopants and explore the feasibility of using such capsule implosions for quantitative physics experiments. We have fielded thin glass shells filled with D-He-3 fuel and varying levels of Ar, Kr and Xe dopants. X-ray emission spectroscopy is combined with simultaneous measurements of primary neutron and proton yields and energy spectra in an attempt to fully constrain capsule behaviour. C1 [Garbett, W. J.; James, S.] AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Kyrala, G. A.; Wilson, D. C.; Benage, J.; Wysocki, F. J.; Gunderson, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Frenje, J.; Petrasso, R.] MIT, Boston, MA USA. [Glebov, V. Yu; Yaakobi, B.] Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energ, New Rochelle, NY USA. RP Garbett, WJ (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM warren.j.garbett@awe.co.uk NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022016 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022016 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000033 ER PT S AU Glenzer, SH Neumayer, P Doppner, T Landen, OL Lee, RW Wallace, RJ Weber, S Lee, HJ Kritcher, AL Falcone, R Regan, SP Sawada, H Meyerhofer, DD Gregori, G Fortmann, C Schwarz, V Redmer, R AF Glenzer, S. H. Neumayer, P. Doeppner, T. Landen, O. L. Lee, R. W. Wallace, R. J. Weber, S. Lee, H. J. Kritcher, A. L. Falcone, R. Regan, S. P. Sawada, H. Meyerhofer, D. D. Gregori, G. Fortmann, C. Schwarz, V. Redmer, R. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Compton scattering measurements from dense plasmas SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY AB Compton scattering techniques have been developed for accurate measurements of densities and temperatures in dense plasmas. One future challenge is the application of this technique to characterize compressed matter on the National Ignition Facility where hydrogen and beryllium will approach extremely dense states of matter of up to 1000 g/cc. In this regime, the density, compressibility, and capsule fuel adiabat may be directly measured from the Compton scattered spectrum of a high-energy x-ray line source. Specifically, the scattered spectra directly reflect the electron velocity distribution. In non-degenerate plasmas, the width provides an accurate measure of the electron temperatures, while in partially Fermi degenerate systems that occur in laser-compressed matter it provides the Fermi energy and hence the electron density. Both of these regimes have been accessed in experiments at the Omega laser by employing isochorically heated solid-density beryllium and moderately compressed beryllium foil targets. In the latter experiment, compressions by a factor of 3 at pressures of 40 Mbar have been measured in excellent agreement with radiation hydrodynamic modeling. C1 [Glenzer, S. H.; Neumayer, P.; Doeppner, T.; Landen, O. L.; Lee, R. W.; Wallace, R. J.; Weber, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM glenzer1@llnl.gov RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Laboratory User Facility program [08-ERI-004, 08-LW-023, SFB 652] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work is supported by 08-ERI-004, 08-LW-023, SFB 652, and the National Laboratory User Facility program. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 032071 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032071 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000187 ER PT S AU Grim, GP Bradley, PA Day, RD Clark, DD Fatherley, VE Finch, JP Garcia, FP Jaramillo, SA Montoya, AJ Morgan, GL Oertel, JA Ortiz, TA Payton, JR Pazuchanics, P Schmidt, DW Valdez, AC Wilde, CH Wilke, MD Wilson, DC AF Grim, G. P. Bradley, P. A. Day, R. D. Clark, D. D. Fatherley, V. E. Finch, J. P. Garcia, F. P. Jaramillo, S. A. Montoya, A. J. Morgan, G. L. Oertel, J. A. Ortiz, T. A. Payton, J. R. Pazuchanics, P. Schmidt, D. W. Valdez, A. C. Wilde, C. H. Wilke, M. D. Wilson, D. C. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Neutron Imaging Development for MegaJoule Scale Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID DESIGN; IMAGES AB Neutron imaging of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets is useful for understanding the implosion conditions of deuterium and tritium filled targets at MegaJoule/Tera-Watt scale laser facilities. The primary task for imaging ICF targets at the National Ignition Facility, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA, is to determine the asymmetry of the imploded target. The image data, along with other nuclear information, are to be used to provide insight into target drive conditions. The diagnostic goal at the National Ignition Facility is to provide neutron images with 10 mu m resolution and peak signal-to-background values greater than 20 for neutron yields of similar to 10(15). To achieve this requires signal multiplexing apertures with good resolution. In this paper we present results from imaging system development efforts aimed at achieving these requirements using neutron pinholes. The data were collected using directly driven ICF targets at the Omega Laser, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY., and include images collected from a 3 x 3 array of 15.5 mu m pinholes. Combined images have peak signal-to-background values greater than 30 at neutron yields of similar to 10(13). C1 [Grim, G. P.; Bradley, P. A.; Day, R. D.; Clark, D. D.; Fatherley, V. E.; Finch, J. P.; Garcia, F. P.; Jaramillo, S. A.; Montoya, A. J.; Morgan, G. L.; Oertel, J. A.; Ortiz, T. A.; Payton, J. R.; Pazuchanics, P.; Schmidt, D. W.; Valdez, A. C.; Wilde, C. H.; Wilke, M. D.; Wilson, D. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grim, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpgrim@lanl.gov OI Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032078 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032078 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000194 ER PT S AU Habara, H Xu, G Jitsuno, T Kodama, R Suzuki, K Sawai, K Barty, CPJ Kawasaki, T Kitamura, H Kondo, K Mima, K Miyanaga, N Nakata, Y Shiraga, H Tanaka, KA Tsubakimoto, K Rushford, MC AF Habara, H. Xu, G. Jitsuno, T. Kodama, R. Suzuki, K. Sawai, K. Barty, C. P. J. Kawasaki, T. Kitamura, H. Kondo, K. Mima, K. Miyanaga, N. Nakata, Y. Shiraga, H. Tanaka, K. A. Tsubakimoto, K. Rushford, M. C. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Pulse compression using segmented grating in Gekko MII system, ILE SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID MOSAIC GRATINGS AB A segmented (tiled) grating array is now investigated as a new compressor system for the reason of manufacturing cost of large aperture single grating. However the considerable freedom of motion of segment arises new difficulties on pulse compression and focusing. We constructed a real compressor system using a segmented grating for 15cm aperture laser beam at Gekko MII 100TW laser system, ILE, for investigating several alignment techniques. In order to produce clean pulse shape and focused pattern generated by misalignments or line density mismatching between segment gratings, we applied the image rotation technique as a compressor arrangement. In addition to reduce uncertainness of motion of all optics, we introduced several sensor/detector such as laser level meter or position sensor. It is also shown that a capacitance detector can keep the perfect flatness of segmented grating surface. Using these techniques we demonstrated pulse compression close to Fourier transform limit. C1 [Habara, H.; Jitsuno, T.; Kodama, R.; Suzuki, K.; Sawai, K.; Kawasaki, T.; Kitamura, H.; Kondo, K.; Mima, K.; Miyanaga, N.; Nakata, Y.; Shiraga, H.; Tanaka, K. A.; Tsubakimoto, K.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamada Oka, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Habara, H.; Kondo, K.; Tanaka, K. A.] Natl Lab High Power Laser & Phys, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Rushford, M. C.] LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Habara, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamada Oka, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM habara@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 032017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032017 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000133 ER PT S AU Hammel, BA Edwards, MJ Haan, SW Marinak, MM Patel, M Robey, H Salmonson, J AF Hammel, B. A. Edwards, M. J. Haan, S. W. Marinak, M. M. Patel, M. Robey, H. Salmonson, J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Simulations of high-mode Rayleigh-Taylor growth in NIF ignition capsules SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID DESIGNS AB Near the pusher/fuel interface in the NIF indirect drive ignition capsule, the cold dense fuel can reach higher density than the material accelerating it. Unlike the outer surface where ablative stabilization is important, Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) growth at this interface is stabilized only by the density gradient, plasma viscosity and mass diffusion. Highly resolved 2D and 3D HYDRA simulations of capsules seeded with a representative surface spectrum up to modes similar to 2000, with only gradient stabilization, indicate for our earlier design ("Rev 1")(1) a final mix width > 30 mu m, resulting in > 10% Be in the outer similar to 25% of the DT fuel. No degradation in the capsule neutron yield is observed. Simulations indicate that the R-T growth at this interface can be significantly reduced by increasing the Cu fraction in the Be ablator. This optimization is a key feature in our new designs ("Rev 2"). C1 [Hammel, B. A.; Edwards, M. J.; Haan, S. W.; Marinak, M. M.; Patel, M.; Robey, H.; Salmonson, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hammel, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM hammel1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 022007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022007 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000013 ER PT S AU Haynam, CA Sacks, RA Wegner, PJ Bowers, MW Dixit, SN Erbert, GV Heestand, GM Henesian, MA Hermann, MR Jancaitis, KS Manes, KR Marshall, CD Mehta, NC Menapace, J Nostrand, MC Orth, CD Shaw, MJ Sutton, SB Williams, WH Widmayer, CC White, RK Yang, ST Van Wonterghem, BM AF Haynam, C. A. Sacks, R. A. Wegner, P. J. Bowers, M. W. Dixit, S. N. Erbert, G. V. Heestand, G. M. Henesian, M. A. Hermann, M. R. Jancaitis, K. S. Manes, K. R. Marshall, C. D. Mehta, N. C. Menapace, J. Nostrand, M. C. Orth, C. D. Shaw, M. J. Sutton, S. B. Williams, W. H. Widmayer, C. C. White, R. K. Yang, S. T. Van Wonterghem, B. M. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI The National Ignition Facility 2007 Laser Performance Status SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory contains a 192-beam 3.6 MJ neodymium glass laser that is frequency converted to 351nm light. It has been designed to support high energy density science (HEDS), including the demonstration of fusion ignition through Inertial Confinement. To meet this goal, laser design criteria include the ability to generate pulses of up to 1.8-MJ total energy at 351nm, with peak power of 500 TW and precisely-controlled temporal pulse shapes spanning two orders of magnitude. The focal spot fluence distribution of these pulses is conditioned, through a combination of special optics in the 1 omega (1053 nm) portion of the laser (continuous phase plates), smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), and the overlapping of multiple beams with orthogonal polarization (polarization smoothing). In 2006 and 2007, a series of measurements were performed on the NIF laser, at both 1 omega and 3 omega (351 nm). When scaled to full 192-beam operation, these results lend confidence to the claim that NIF will meet its laser performance design criteria and that it will be able to simultaneously deliver the temporal pulse shaping, focal spot conditioning, peak power, shot-to-shot reproducibility, and power balance requirements of indirect-drive fusion ignition campaigns. We discuss the plans and status of NIF's commissioning, and the nature and results of these measurement campaigns. C1 [Haynam, C. A.; Sacks, R. A.; Wegner, P. J.; Bowers, M. W.; Dixit, S. N.; Erbert, G. V.; Heestand, G. M.; Henesian, M. A.; Hermann, M. R.; Jancaitis, K. S.; Manes, K. R.; Marshall, C. D.; Mehta, N. C.; Menapace, J.; Nostrand, M. C.; Orth, C. D.; Shaw, M. J.; Sutton, S. B.; Williams, W. H.; Widmayer, C. C.; White, R. K.; Yang, S. T.; Van Wonterghem, B. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haynam, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haynam1@llnl.gov NR 1 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032004 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000120 ER PT S AU Herrmann, HW Caldwell, SE Drew, D Evans, SC Glebov, VY Horsfield, CJ Mack, JM Macrum, GS Miller, EK Sanchez, P Sedillo, T Stoeckl, C Wilson, DC Young, CS AF Herrmann, H. W. Caldwell, S. E. Drew, D. Evans, S. C. Glebov, V. Yu Horsfield, C. J. Mack, J. M. Macrum, G. S. Miller, E. K. Sanchez, P. Sedillo, T. Stoeckl, C. Wilson, D. C. Young, C. S. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Improved Gamma Bang Time measurements on Omega SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB The time of peak fusion reactivity with respect to the impingement of laser light on an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) capsule is known as Bang Time (BT). For deuterium-tritium fueling, fusion reactivity and BT can be measured using either fusion neutrons or fusion gammas. Initial gamma bang time (GBT) measurements on Omega using a Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD) have been previously reported [1]. Recent improvements have significantly enhanced the ability to measure GBT precisely. By relating the peak of the GCD gamma signal to laser timing fiducials, and cross calibrating the resulting raw bang time to the neutron bang time obtained using the absolutely calibrated Neutron Temporal Diagnostic (NTD), we demonstrate a precision of better than 25 ps on Omega. Bang time, along with other aspects of reaction history (RH), is an essential component of diagnosing failed attempts at ICF ignition. For the NIF, gammas are preferred over neutrons for this application due to the unacceptably large neutron temporal spreading resulting from detector standoff limitations on the NIF. The NIF System Design Requirement specifies a gamma bang time accuracy of better than 50 ps. C1 [Herrmann, H. W.; Caldwell, S. E.; Evans, S. C.; Mack, J. M.; Sanchez, P.; Sedillo, T.; Wilson, D. C.; Young, C. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Drew, D.; Horsfield, C. J.] Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, England. [Glebov, V. Yu; Stoeckl, C.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14611 USA. [Macrum, G. S.; Miller, E. K.] Natl Secur Technol, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 89030 USA. RP Herrmann, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM herrmann@lanl.gov FU US DOE/NNSA; LANL; LANS LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Work supported by US DOE/NNSA, performed by LANL, operated by LANS LLC under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 032084 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032084 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000200 ER PT S AU Hoffman, NM Wilson, DC Edwards, MJ Kalantar, DH Kyrala, GA Goldman, SR Weber, SV Izumi, N Callahan, DA Meezan, N Delamater, ND Tregillis, IL Schmitt, MJ Bradley, PA Seifter, A Jones, OS Milovitch, JL Thomas, CA AF Hoffman, N. M. Wilson, D. C. Edwards, M. J. Kalantar, D. H. Kyrala, G. A. Goldman, S. R. Weber, S. V. Izumi, N. Callahan, D. A. Meezan, N. Delamater, N. D. Tregillis, I. L. Schmitt, M. J. Bradley, P. A. Seifter, A. Jones, O. S. Milovitch, J. L. Thomas, C. A. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Tuning NIF drive symmetry with symmetry capsules SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID NOVA AB Symmetry capsules or "symcaps" are inertial-fusion capsules that resemble ignition capsules but lack cryogenic fuel. The shape of an imploded symcap, as revealed by images of its x-ray emission near stagnation, contains information about the degree of radiation drive asymmetry that drove its implosion. We have carried out many numerical studies of how symcaps perform, tested their response to variations in laser and target parameters, and conducted Omega experiments in 2007 to verify their operation in certain cases. Thus we are building confidence in the use of symcaps to achieve the critical goal of measuring and optimizing drive symmetry in NIF targets prior to the first ignition shots. C1 [Hoffman, N. M.; Wilson, D. C.; Kyrala, G. A.; Goldman, S. R.; Delamater, N. D.; Tregillis, I. L.; Schmitt, M. J.; Bradley, P. A.; Seifter, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Edwards, M. J.; Kalantar, D. H.; Weber, S. V.; Izumi, N.; Callahan, D. A.; Meezan, N.; Jones, O. S.; Milovitch, J. L.; Thomas, C. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hoffman, NM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmh@lanl.gov OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022075 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022075 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000092 ER PT S AU Hosoda, H Nakai, M Furukawa, H Watari, T Azechi, H Izumi, N Arikawa, Y Sakawa, Y Dono, S Fujiwara, T Mima, K AF Hosoda, H. Nakai, M. Furukawa, H. Watari, T. Azechi, H. Izumi, N. Arikawa, Y. Sakawa, Y. Dono, S. Fujiwara, T. Mima, K. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Development of TOF Neutron Spectrometer for the measurement of degenerated plasma in Fast Ignition experiment SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB There are two essential requirements to achieve the Fast Ignition. One is high density compression of main fuel and the other one is additional heating of main fuel by ultra intense laser. Then the experimental determination of both the density of the main fuel before heating laser irradiation and ion temperature after heating laser irradiation is necessary. In the experiment of the Central Ignition, we developed both ion temperature measurement and density measurement, which is based on theoretical degenerated plasma model, by using Time-Of-Flight neutron spectrometer. The main problem in applying this measurement in Fast Ignition experiment is huge amount of high energy x ray, which is generated as a result of heating laser irradiation. Then we installed a total 15-cm thick lead shield as a measure against it. It was confirmed that the newly installed shield achieves x ray attenuation to 5.7 +/- 2.0x10(-4) of previous level by Geant4 MC simulation. And the error for ion temperature measurement was confirmed to be smaller than 0.3 keV in an experiment whose neutron yield was 1.7 +/- 0.2x10(6). C1 [Hosoda, H.; Nakai, M.; Watari, T.; Azechi, H.; Arikawa, Y.; Sakawa, Y.; Dono, S.; Fujiwara, T.; Mima, K.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. [Furukawa, H.] Inst Laser Technol, Aachen, Germany. [Izumi, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hosoda, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. EM hhosoda@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Nakai, Mitsuo/I-6758-2015; Sakawa, Youichi/J-5707-2016 OI Nakai, Mitsuo/0000-0001-6076-756X; Sakawa, Youichi/0000-0003-4165-1048 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 032079 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032079 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000195 ER PT S AU Key, MH Akli, K Beg, F Betti, R Clark, DS Chen, SN Freeman, RR Hansen, S Hatchett, SP Hey, D King, JA Kemp, AJ Lasinski, BF Langdon, B Ma, T MacKinnon, AJ Meyerhofer, D Patel, PK Pasley, J Phillips, T Stephens, RB Stoeckl, C Foord, M Tabak, M Theobald, W Storm, M Town, RPJ Wilks, SC VanWoerkom, L Wei, MS Weber, R Zhang, B AF Key, M. H. Akli, K. Beg, F. Betti, R. Clark, D. S. Chen, S. N. Freeman, R. R. Hansen, S. Hatchett, S. P. Hey, D. King, J. A. Kemp, A. J. Lasinski, B. F. Langdon, B. Ma, T. MacKinnon, A. J. Meyerhofer, D. Patel, P. K. Pasley, J. Phillips, T. Stephens, R. B. Stoeckl, C. Foord, M. Tabak, M. Theobald, W. Storm, M. Town, R. P. J. Wilks, S. C. VanWoerkom, L. Wei, M. S. Weber, R. Zhang, B. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI On point designs for high gain fast ignition SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB Fast ignition research has reached the stage where point designs are becoming crucial to the identification of key issues and the development of projects to demonstrate high gain fast ignition. The status of point designs for cone coupled electron fast ignition and some of the issues they highlight are discussed. C1 [Key, M. H.; Clark, D. S.; Hansen, S.; Hatchett, S. P.; Kemp, A. J.; Lasinski, B. F.; Langdon, B.; MacKinnon, A. J.; Patel, P. K.; Phillips, T.; Foord, M.; Tabak, M.; Town, R. P. J.; Wilks, S. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Akli, K.; Freeman, R. R.; Hey, D.; King, J. A.; Zhang, B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Freeman, R. R.; VanWoerkom, L.; Weber, R.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stephens, R. B.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Beg, F.; Chen, S. N.; Ma, T.; Pasley, J.; Wei, M. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Stoeckl, C.; Theobald, W.; Storm, M.] Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Engn, Rochester, NY USA. RP Key, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM key1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015; OI Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; University of Rochester; General Atomics; Ohio State University UC Davis; UC San Diego [DE-FG02-05ER54834, DE-FC02-04ER54789] FX Thanks to Mike Dunne, Javier Honrubia and Chuan Ren for their advice. Collaboration with P Norreys and colleagues in experiments at the RAL in the UK is appreciated. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, and the University of Rochester, General Atomics, Ohio State University UC Davis and UC San Diego under contracts DE-FG02-05ER54834 and DE-FC02-04ER54789. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022056 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022056 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000073 ER PT S AU Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Rose, HA Goldman, SR Froula, DH Ross, JS Stevenson, RM Lushnikov, PM AF Kline, J. L. Montgomery, D. S. Rose, H. A. Goldman, S. R. Froula, D. H. Ross, J. S. Stevenson, R. M. Lushnikov, P. M. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Mitigation of Stimulated Raman Scattering in Hohlraum Plasmas SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID FILAMENTATION AB One aspect of recent research to control Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in hohlraum plasmas is the investigation of risk mitigation strategies for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion. Experimental tests of these strategies, based on prior theoretical and experimental knowledge of SRS, are performed in hohlraum experiments. In the last year, two strategies have been investigated. The first is the use of high Z dopants to reduce SRS backscatter. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) could lead to beam spray reducing SRS. Since FSBS depends on the electron temperature and thermal effects depend strongly on Z(2), a small amount of a high Z dopant, 1-2%, can have a large effect. Experiments have been conducted at the Omega laser to test this theory by varying the amount of Xe dopant in neo-pentane gas filled hohlraums. The experimental measurements do show a decrease in SRS backscatter as Xe dopant is added. However, there are still uncertainties regarding the responsible mechanism since increases inverse-Bremsstrahlung absorption of the SRS light may play a role. The second strategy investigated is using high k lambda(D) plasmas to reduce SRS backscatter. Experiments conducted at the Omega laser facility in hohlraum plasmas determined the critical onset intensity for a range of k lambda(D). A scaling of the critical onset intensity as a function of k lambda(D) has been determined. C1 [Kline, J. L.; Montgomery, D. S.; Rose, H. A.; Goldman, S. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Froula, D. H.; Ross, J. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Stevenson, R. M.] Atom Weapons Establishment, Reading, Berks RG7 4PR, England. [Lushnikov, P. M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Math, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkline@lanl.gov RI Lushnikov, Pavel/I-2304-2013; OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022030 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022030 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000047 ER PT S AU Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Yin, L Hardin, RA Flippo, KA Shimada, T Johnson, RP Rose, HA Albright, BJ AF Kline, J. L. Montgomery, D. S. Yin, L. Hardin, R. A. Flippo, K. A. Shimada, T. Johnson, R. P. Rose, H. A. Albright, B. J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Investigation of laser plasma instabilities using picosecond laser pulses SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID HOT-SPOT EXPERIMENTS; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; STIMULATED RAMAN; TRIDENT AB A new short-pulse version of the single-hot-spot configuration has been implemented to enhance the performance of experiments to understand Stimulated Raman Scattering. The laser pulse length was reduced from similar to 200 to similar to 3 ps. The reduced pulse length improves the experiment by minimizing effects such as plasma hydrodynamic evolution and ponderomotive filamentation of the interaction beam. In addition, the shortened laser pulses allow full length 2D particle-in-cell simulations of the experiments. Using the improved single-hot-spot configuration, a series of experiments to investigate k lambda(D) scaling of SRS has been performed. Details of the experimental setup and initial results will be presented. C1 [Kline, J. L.; Montgomery, D. S.; Yin, L.; Flippo, K. A.; Shimada, T.; Johnson, R. P.; Rose, H. A.; Albright, B. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hardin, R. A.] West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26501 USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkline@lanl.gov RI Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors would like to express thanks for the hard work of the Trident laser crew: F. Archuleta, D. M. Esquibel, R. Gonzales, T. Hurry, and S. L. Reid. This work was performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the auspices of Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022042 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022042 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000059 ER PT S AU Landen, OL Bradley, DK Braun, DG Smalyuk, VA Hicks, DG Celliers, PM Prisbrey, S Page, R Boehly, TR Haan, SW Munro, DH Wallace, RG Nikroo, A Hamza, A Biener, J Wild, C Woerner, E Olson, RE Rochau, GA Knudson, M Wilson, DC Robey, HF Collins, GW Ho, D Edwards, J Marinak, MM Hammel, BA Meyerhofer, DD MacGowan, BJ AF Landen, O. L. Bradley, D. K. Braun, D. G. Smalyuk, V. A. Hicks, D. G. Celliers, P. M. Prisbrey, S. Page, R. Boehly, T. R. Haan, S. W. Munro, D. H. Wallace, R. G. Nikroo, A. Hamza, A. Biener, J. Wild, C. Woerner, E. Olson, R. E. Rochau, G. A. Knudson, M. Wilson, D. C. Robey, H. F. Collins, G. W. Ho, D. Edwards, J. Marinak, M. M. Hammel, B. A. Meyerhofer, D. D. MacGowan, B. J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Experimental Studies of ICF Indirect-Drive Be and High Density C Candidate Ablators SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID BERYLLIUM AB To validate our modeling of the macroscopic and microscopic hydrodynamic and equation of state response of these candidate ablators to NIC-relevant x-ray drive, a multi-lab experimental program has been verifying the behavior of these new ablators. First, the pressures for onset and termination of melt for both Be and HDC under single or double shock drive has been measured at the Z and OMEGA facilities. Second, the level and effect of hard x-ray preheat has been quantified in scaled experiments at the Omega facility. Third, a long planar x-ray drive has been developed to check 2D and 3D perturbation growth at the ablation front upon acceleration. The concept has been extended to study growth at and near the ablator-ice interface upon deceleration. In addition, experimental designs for validating the expected low level of perturbation seeding due to possible residual microstructure after melt during first and second shock transit in Be and HDC have been completed. Results so far suggest both Be and HDC can remain ablator choices and have guided pulse shaping designs. C1 [Landen, O. L.; Bradley, D. K.; Braun, D. G.; Hicks, D. G.; Celliers, P. M.; Prisbrey, S.; Page, R.; Haan, S. W.; Munro, D. H.; Wallace, R. G.; Hamza, A.; Biener, J.; Robey, H. F.; Collins, G. W.; Ho, D.; Edwards, J.; Marinak, M. M.; Hammel, B. A.; MacGowan, B. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM landen1@llnl.gov RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022004 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000010 ER PT S AU Leeper, RJ Ruiz, CL Chandler, GA Cooper, GW Bower, DE Fittinghoff, DN Hagen, EC Hollaway, JR McKenna, IJ McPherson, LA May, MJ Meeham, BT Nelson, AJ Perry, TS Porter, JL Robbins, LL Sinars, DB Torres, JA Ziegler, LH AF Leeper, R. J. Ruiz, C. L. Chandler, G. A. Cooper, G. W. Bower, D. E. Fittinghoff, D. N. Hagen, E. C. Hollaway, J. R. McKenna, I. J. McPherson, L. A. May, M. J. Meeham, B. T. Nelson, A. J. Perry, T. S. Porter, J. L. Robbins, L. L. Sinars, D. B. Torres, J. A. Ziegler, L. H. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI ZR Neutron Diagnostic Suite SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID DT NEUTRONS AB The ZR facility, a major refurbishment of Sandia National Laboratories' Z facility, is in the final stages of becoming operational. A number of neutron experiments are planned for this facility including deuterium gas puff z-pinch loads as well as indirect drive capsule experiments. As part of this effort, a new suite of neutron diagnostics is being developed. This suite will include improved neutron activation and neutron time-of-flight diagnostics for initial experiments. Future diagnostics being planned for ZR include neutron imaging, neutron bang time, neutron reaction history, and a neutron-proton recoil magnetic analyzer. C1 [Leeper, R. J.; Ruiz, C. L.; Chandler, G. A.; McPherson, L. A.; Porter, J. L.; Sinars, D. B.; Torres, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leeper, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjleepe@sandia.gov RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 032076 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032076 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000192 ER PT S AU Logan, BG Barnard, JJ Bieniosek, FM Cohen, RH Coleman, JE Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Friedman, A Gilson, EP Greenway, WG Grisham, L Grote, DP Henestroza, E Hoffmann, DHH Kaganovich, ID Covo, MK Kwan, JW LaFortune, KN Lee, EP Leitner, M Lund, SM Molvik, AW Ni, P Penn, GE Perkins, LJ Qin, H Roy, PK Sefkow, AB Seidl, PA Sharp, W Startsev, EA Vay, JL Waldron, WL Wurtele, JS Welch, D Westenskow, GA Yu, SS AF Logan, B. G. Barnard, J. J. Bieniosek, F. M. Cohen, R. H. Coleman, J. E. Davidson, R. C. Efthimion, P. C. Friedman, A. Gilson, E. P. Greenway, W. G. Grisham, L. Grote, D. P. Henestroza, E. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Kaganovich, I. D. Covo, M. Kireeff Kwan, J. W. LaFortune, K. N. Lee, E. P. Leitner, M. Lund, S. M. Molvik, A. W. Ni, P. Penn, G. E. Perkins, L. J. Qin, H. Roy, P. K. Sefkow, A. B. Seidl, P. A. Sharp, W. Startsev, E. A. Vay, J-L Waldron, W. L. Wurtele, J. S. Welch, D. Westenskow, G. A. Yu, S. S. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Heavy ion fusion science research for high energy density physics and fusion applications SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID PARTICLE BEAM-PROPAGATION; BACKGROUND PLASMA; INSTABILITY AB During the past two years, the U. S. heavy ion fusion science program has made significant experimental and theoretical progress in simultaneous transverse and longitudinal beam compression, ion-beam-driven warm dense matter targets, high brightness beam transport, advanced theory and numerical simulations, and heavy ion target designs for fusion. First experiments combining radial and longitudinal compression of intense ion beams propagating through background plasma resulted in on-axis beam densities increased by 700X at the focal plane. With further improvements planned in 2007, these results will enable initial ion beam target experiments in warm dense matter to begin next year at LBNL. We are assessing how these new techniques apply to low-cost modular fusion drivers and higher-gain direct-drive targets for inertial fusion energy. C1 [Logan, B. G.; Bieniosek, F. M.; Coleman, J. E.; Greenway, W. G.; Henestroza, E.; Kwan, J. W.; Lee, E. P.; Leitner, M.; Ni, P.; Penn, G. E.; Roy, P. K.; Seidl, P. A.; Vay, J-L; Waldron, W. L.; Wurtele, J. S.; Westenskow, G. A.; Yu, S. S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilson, E. P.; Grisham, L.; Qin, H.; Sefkow, A. B.] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Efthimion, P. C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bieniosek, F. M.; Davidson, R. C.; Efthimion, P. C.] Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Logan, BG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bglogan@lbl.gov RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 032029 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032029 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000145 ER PT S AU Matzen, MK AF Matzen, M. K. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Status and plans of the United States ICF Program SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID PERFORMANCE AB Inertial confinement fusion research in the United States focuses on demonstrating ignition on the NIF at the beginning of the next decade and on broad high energy density science (HEDS) research. Three facilities (OMEGA EP, the refurbished Z, and NIF) will be completed in the next two years. The US approach emphasizes lasers and pulsed power and both direct and indirect drive. Since IFSA 2005 in Biarritz, France significant advances have been made towards demonstrating ignition in a joint effort by LLNL, LLE, LANL, SNL, and GA. An active HEDS research program will also be pursued on these new facilities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Matzen, MK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mkmatze@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 012001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/1/012001 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000001 ER PT S AU Meezan, NB Glenzer, SH Suter, LJ AF Meezan, N. B. Glenzer, S. H. Suter, L. J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Target designs for energetics experiments on the National Ignition Facility SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB The goal of the first hohlraum energetics experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [G. H. Miller et al, Optical Eng. 43, 2841 (2004)] is to select the hohlraum design for the first ignition experiments. Sub-scale hohlraums heated by 96 of the 192 laser beams on the NIF are used to emulate the laser-plasma interaction behavior of ignition hohlraums. These "plasma emulator" targets are 70% scale versions of the 1.05 MJ, 300 eV ignition hohlraum and have the same energy-density as the full-scale ignition designs. Radiation-hydrodynamics simulations show that the sub-scale target is a good emulator of plasma conditions inside the ignition hohlraum, reproducing density ne within 10% and temperature Te within 15% along a laser beam path. Linear backscatter gain analysis shows the backscatter risk to be comparable to that of the ignition target. A successful energetics campaign will allow the National Ignition Campaign to focus its efforts on optimizing ignition hohlraums with efficient laser coupling. C1 [Meezan, N. B.; Glenzer, S. H.; Suter, L. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meezan, NB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meezan1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 022022 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022022 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000039 ER PT S AU Meier, WR AF Meier, Wayne R. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Systems Modeling for a Laser-Driven IFE Power Plant using Direct Conversion SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB A variety of systems analyses have been conducted for laser driver IFE power plants being developed as part of the High Average Power Laser (HAPL) program. A key factor determining the economics attractiveness of the power plant is the net power conversion efficiency which increases with increasing laser efficiency, target gain and fusion-to-electric power conversion efficiency. A possible approach to increasing the power conversion efficiency is direct conversion of ionized target emissions to electricity. This study examines the potential benefits of increased efficiency when the expanding plasma is inductively coupled to an external circuit allowing some of the ion energy to be directly converted to electricity. For base case direct-drive targets with approximately 24% of the target yield in ions, the benefits are modest, especially for chamber designs that operate at high temperature and thus already have relatively high thermal conversion efficiencies. The reduction in the projected cost of electricity is similar to 5-10%. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meier5@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032036 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032036 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000152 ER PT S AU Moody, JD Kozioziemski, BJ Mapoles, ER Sater, JD Dewald, EL Koch, JA Izumi, N Chernov, A Salmonson, J Montesanti, RC Atherton, LJ Burmann, JA Pipes, JW Stefanescu, D Salari, K Weisgrabber, T Reynolds, J Castro, C Klingmann, J Dzenitis, B AF Moody, J. D. Kozioziemski, B. J. Mapoles, E. R. Sater, J. D. Dewald, E. L. Koch, J. A. Izumi, N. Chernov, A. Salmonson, J. Montesanti, R. C. Atherton, L. J. Burmann, J. A. Pipes, J. W. Stefanescu, D. Salari, K. Weisgrabber, T. Reynolds, J. Castro, C. Klingmann, J. Dzenitis, B. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Status of cryogenic layering for NIF ignition targets SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID FACILITY; CAPSULES AB Recent advances in cryogenic layering include improved surface roughness characterization of many layers formed using "slow-cool" and "rapid-cool" protocols. At 0.25 K below the melt, slow-cooled layers meet the NIF smoothness requirement. However, at 1.5 K below the melt grain-boundary misalignments dominate the layer roughness and cause it to exceed the smoothness specification. Rapid-cool of the layer to 1.5 K below the melt shows promise for meeting the ignition requirements. Much of the current research effort is aimed at characterizing the onset of roughness during rapid cooling and determining the scale of the resulting roughness. C1 [Moody, J. D.; Kozioziemski, B. J.; Mapoles, E. R.; Sater, J. D.; Dewald, E. L.; Koch, J. A.; Izumi, N.; Chernov, A.; Salmonson, J.; Montesanti, R. C.; Atherton, L. J.; Burmann, J. A.; Pipes, J. W.; Stefanescu, D.; Salari, K.; Weisgrabber, T.; Reynolds, J.; Castro, C.; Klingmann, J.; Dzenitis, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moody4@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032064 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032064 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000180 ER PT S AU Moses, EI AF Moses, E. I. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Ignition on the National Ignition Facility SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID FUSION; PLANS AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world's largest and most powerful laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and experiments studying high energy density (HED) science, is nearing completion at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). NIF is a 192-beam Nd-glass laser facility that will produce 1.8 MJ, 500 TW of ultraviolet light, making it over fifty times more energetic than present ICF facilities. The NIF Project, begun in 1995, is over 90% complete and is scheduled for completion in 2009. The building and the entire beam path have been completed. The Project is presently installing the optics and electronics to build out the beams and is commissioning them in the laser bays. By September 2007, all of the lasers in one of the two laser bays will be commissioned with the capability of producing over 2 MJ of 1 omega (1.05 mu m) light, making NIF the world's first megaJoule laser system. A year later, the laser system will be essentially complete. Experiments using one beam in the Precision Diagnostic System (PDS) have shown that NIF can meet all of its 3 omega light performance goals including energy, power, focusing, and shot rate and has the precision and accuracy required for ignition pulse performance. The plan is to have half of the beams commissioned to the target chamber in a symmetric geometry to begin 96-beam symmetric indirect-drive experiments. These first ICF experiments using more than 200 kJ of 3 omega light will have an order of magnitude more energy than presently available and represent the beginning of experiments preparing for ignition. This national effort for ignition experiments is coordinated through a detailed plan called the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) that includes the science, technology, and equipment such as diagnostics, cryogenic target manipulator, and user optics required for ignition experiments. The goal is to have all of the equipment operational and integrated into the facility soon after Project completion to begin ignition experiments in 2010. In addition, experiments will begin to investigate HED science for defense and basic science applications. With over 50 times more energy than present facilities and the ability to produce ignition, NIF will explore new physics regimes. Following project completion in 2009, facility time at NIF will be allocated to the broad user community using the process outlined in a formal governance plan. A NIF User Office has been established to coordinate use of NIF by the national security and other user communities. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. EM moses1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/1/012003 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000003 ER PT S AU Nagayama, T Mancini, RC Welser-Sherrill, LA Louis, S Golovkin, IE Tommasini, R Koch, JA Izumi, N Delettrez, J Regan, SP Smalyuk, V AF Nagayama, T. Mancini, R. C. Welser-Sherrill, L. A. Louis, S. Golovkin, I. E. Tommasini, R. Koch, J. A. Izumi, N. Delettrez, J. Regan, S. P. Smalyuk, V. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Four-objective analysis including an optically thick line to extract electron temperature and density profiles in ICF implosion cores SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID GRADIENTS AB We discuss a search and reconstruction method for the simultaneous and self-consistent analysis of a set of image intensity spatial profiles from several narrow-band x-ray pinhole images from argon-doped inertial confinement fusion implosion cores, and the space-integrated line spectrum. The atomic and radiation physics model is embedded into an inversion algorithm, which consists of a Pareto genetic algorithm followed by a Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least-squares-minimization step, in order to extract the core spatial structure. To find out the best combination of experimental objectives for the analysis, two different combinations of objectives, including optically thick argon Ly alpha line, were tested and their results were compared with the results from a previous 3-objective analysis. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Nagayama, T.; Mancini, R. C.; Welser-Sherrill, L. A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Louis, S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Golovkin, I. E.] Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Tommasini, R.; Koch, J. A.; Izumi, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Delettrez, J.; Regan, S. P.; Smalyuk, V.] Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energet, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Nagayama, T (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU DOE-NLUF [DE-FG52-07NA28062]; LLNL [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work is supported by DOE-NLUF Grant DE-FG52-07NA28062 and LLNL under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022014 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000031 ER PT S AU Park, H Remington, BA Braun, D Celliers, P Collins, GW Eggert, J Giraldez, E Le Pape, S Lorenz, T Maddox, B Hamza, A Ho, D Hicks, D Patel, P Pollaine, S Prisbrey, S Smith, R Swift, D Wallace, R AF Park, H. Remington, B. A. Braun, D. Celliers, P. Collins, G. W. Eggert, J. Giraldez, E. Le Pape, S. Lorenz, T. Maddox, B. Hamza, A. Ho, D. Hicks, D. Patel, P. Pollaine, S. Prisbrey, S. Smith, R. Swift, D. Wallace, R. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Quasi-isentropic material property studies at extreme pressures: from Omega to NIF SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB isentropically to very high pressures at ultrahigh strain rates. This laser driven, ramped (shockless) drive is used to study material properties such as strength, equation of state, phase, and phase transition kinetics under extreme conditions. We have achieved a ramped, shockless drive up to 2 Mbar on the Omega laser using both direct laser illumination and indirect x-ray illumination. In order to probe high-Z materials under extreme pressures, we are also developing high energy x-ray backlighters, 17 to 100 keV, created by high intensity (> 10(18) W/cm(2)) short pulse lasers (1 to 50 ps) such as the Titan laser at LLNL. Using a micro-wire embedded in a low-Z substrate, we have obtained radiographs with better than 10 mu m spatial resolution. This paper will show designs of isentropic platforms that can reach > 10 Mbar on the NIF laser, using both direct and indirect drive configurations. C1 [Park, H.; Remington, B. A.; Braun, D.; Celliers, P.; Collins, G. W.; Eggert, J.; Le Pape, S.; Lorenz, T.; Maddox, B.; Hamza, A.; Ho, D.; Hicks, D.; Patel, P.; Pollaine, S.; Prisbrey, S.; Smith, R.; Swift, D.; Wallace, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Park, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM park1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 FU Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 042024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/4/042024 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000225 ER PT S AU Regan, SP Sangster, TC Meyerhofer, DD Seka, W Epstein, R Loucks, SJ McCrory, RL Stoeckl, C Glebov, VY Jones, OS Callahan, DA Amendt, PA Meezan, NB Suter, LJ Rosen, MD Landen, OL Dewald, EL Glenzer, SH Sorce, C Dixit, S Turner, RE MacGowan, BJ AF Regan, S. P. Sangster, T. C. Meyerhofer, D. D. Seka, W. Epstein, R. Loucks, S. J. McCrory, R. L. Stoeckl, C. Glebov, V. Yu Jones, O. S. Callahan, D. A. Amendt, P. A. Meezan, N. B. Suter, L. J. Rosen, M. D. Landen, O. L. Dewald, E. L. Glenzer, S. H. Sorce, C. Dixit, S. Turner, R. E. MacGowan, B. J. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Hohlraum energetics and implosion symmetry with elliptical phase plates using a multi-cone beam geometry on OMEGA SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; PLASMAS AB Hohlraum energetics and implosion-symmetry experiments were conducted on the OMEGA Laser System using laser beams arranged in three cones and smoothed with elliptical phase plates. The peak radiation temperature (T-r) increased by 17 eV, with phase plates for gas-filled halfraums irradiated with 20 beams using a similar to 7-kJ shaped laser pulse (PS26), corresponding to a 44% increase in the peak x-ray flux. The improved coupling correlates with reduced, cone-dependent losses from stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Phase plates reduce SRS and SBS by controlling the on-target laser-intensity envelope and the speckle modal power spectrum. An implosion symmetry scan was performed by varying the length and beam pointing of vacuum and gas-filled, thin-walled (3-mu m) Au hohlraums irradiated with 40 beams using a similar to 14-kJ PS26. Gated-x-ray (h nu > 3 keV) images taken along radial and axial views of the self-emission from Ar-doped, D-2-filled, plastic-shell implosions quantified the indirect-drive-implosion symmetry. A shift in symmetry was observed between vacuum and gas-filled hohlraums having identical beam pointing. The ratio of x-ray drive at the poles of the capsule relative to the waist increased for the gas-filled hohlraum. Levels of hard-x-ray production (h. > 20 keV) and SRS were reduced with trace amounts of high-Z dopants (i.e., Ne, Kr) in the hohlraum plasma, while the peak T-r increased similar to 5eV. C1 [Regan, S. P.; Sangster, T. C.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Seka, W.; Epstein, R.; Loucks, S. J.; McCrory, R. L.; Stoeckl, C.; Glebov, V. Yu] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Jones, O. S.; Callahan, D. A.; Amendt, P. A.; Meezan, N. B.; Suter, L. J.; Rosen, M. D.; Landen, O. L.; Dewald, E. L.; Glenzer, S. H.; Sorce, C.; Dixit, S.; Turner, R. E.; MacGowan, B. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Regan, SP (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM sreg@lle.rochester.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion [DE-FC52-92SF19460]; University of Rochester FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC52-92SF19460, the University of Rochester, and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. The support of DOE does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this article. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022077 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022077 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000094 ER PT S AU Robey, HF Munro, DH Spears, BK Marinak, MM Jones, OS Patel, MV Haan, SW Salmonson, JD Landen, OL Boehly, TR Nikroo, A AF Robey, H. F. Munro, D. H. Spears, B. K. Marinak, M. M. Jones, O. S. Patel, M. V. Haan, S. W. Salmonson, J. D. Landen, O. L. Boehly, T. R. Nikroo, A. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI An assessment of the 3D geometric surrogacy of shock timing diagnostic techniques for tuning experiments on the NIF SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB Ignition capsule implosions planned for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) require a pulse shape with a carefully designed series of four steps, which launch a corresponding series of shocks through the ablator and DT ice shell. The relative timing of these shocks is critical for maintaining the DT fuel on a low adiabat. The current NIF specification requires that the timing of all four shocks be tuned to an accuracy of <= +/- 100ps. To meet these stringent requirements, dedicated tuning experiments are being planned to measure and adjust the shock timing on NIF. These tuning experiments will be performed in a modified hohlraum geometry, where a re-entrant Au cone is added to the standard NIF hohlraum to provide optical diagnostic (VISAR and SOP) access to the shocks as they break out of the ablator. This modified geometry is referred to as the "keyhole" hohlraum and introduces a geometric difference between these tuning-experiments and the full ignition geometry. In order to assess the surrogacy of this modified geometry, 3D simulations using HYDRA [ 1] have been performed. The results from simulations of a quarter of the target geometry are presented. Comparisons of the hohlraum drive conditions and the resulting effect on the shock timing in the keyhole hohlraum are compared with the corresponding results for the standard ignition hohlraum. C1 [Robey, H. F.; Munro, D. H.; Spears, B. K.; Marinak, M. M.; Jones, O. S.; Patel, M. V.; Haan, S. W.; Salmonson, J. D.; Landen, O. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Boehly, T. R.] Lab Laser Energet, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. [Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92154 USA. RP Robey, HF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM robey1@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022078 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022078 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000095 ER PT S AU Sacks, RA Elliott, AB Goderre, GP Haynam, CA Henesian, MA House, RK Manes, KR Mehta, NC Shaw, MJ Widmayer, CC Williams, WH AF Sacks, R. A. Elliott, A. B. Goderre, G. P. Haynam, C. A. Henesian, M. A. House, R. K. Manes, K. R. Mehta, N. C. Shaw, M. J. Widmayer, C. C. Williams, W. H. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Laser energetics and propagation modelling for the NIF SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB Design, activation, and operation of modern high-energy, fusion-class lasers rely heavily on accurate simulation of laser performance. Setup, equipment protection, and data interpretation of the National Ignition Facility[1] (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) are being controlled by a Laser Performance Operations Model (LPOM) [2], which, at its core, utilizes a Virtual Beam Line (VBL) simulation code to predict laser energetics, wavefront, near-and far-field beam profiles, and damage risk prior to each shot. This same simulation tool is being used widely to understand such diverse phenomena as regenerative-amplifier saturation, damage inspection system performance, fratricide risk from small-scale flaws in large optics, converter performance, and conjugate image formation. C1 [Sacks, R. A.; Elliott, A. B.; Goderre, G. P.; Haynam, C. A.; Henesian, M. A.; House, R. K.; Manes, K. R.; Mehta, N. C.; Shaw, M. J.; Widmayer, C. C.; Williams, W. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sacks, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sacks1@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032024 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000140 ER PT S AU Schwarz, J Rambo, P Geissel, M Edens, A Smith, I Brambrink, E Kimmel, M Atherton, B AF Schwarz, Jens Rambo, Patrick Geissel, Matthias Edens, Aaron Smith, Ian Brambrink, Erik Kimmel, Mark Atherton, Briggs BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Activation of the Z-Petawatt Laser at Sandia National Laboratories SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB To enhance radiographic capabilities on its Z-Accelerator, Sandia National Laboratories is incorporating a petawatt laser system into the existing Z-Backlighter laser facility. A chirped-pulse laser has been constructed to seed the large Beamlet type Nd:Phosphate glass slab amplifiers. This seed laser consists of an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system joined to a Nd: Phosphate glass rod amplifier in order to achieve multi-Joule operation. After injection into the main slab amplifiers up to 500 J of chirped pulse energy is achieved. Two compressor options are available for this output: a lower energy compressor for 100 TW (50 J/500 fs) operation and a higher energy compressor for 1 PW (500 J/500 fs) operation. While the higher energy compressor is under construction, the 100 TW system is now operational and can achieve focal intensities up to 10(19) W/cm(2). C1 [Schwarz, Jens; Rambo, Patrick; Geissel, Matthias; Edens, Aaron; Smith, Ian; Brambrink, Erik; Kimmel, Mark; Atherton, Briggs] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwarz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jschwar@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032020 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032020 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000136 ER PT S AU Shaw, M House, R Williams, W Haynam, C White, R Orth, C Sacks, R AF Shaw, Michael House, Ronald Williams, Wade Haynam, Christopher White, Ronald Orth, Charles Sacks, Richard BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Laser Performance Operations Model (LPOM): A computational system that automates the setup and performance analysis of the National Ignition Facility SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a stadium-sized facility containing a 192-beam, 1.8 MJ, 500-TW, 351-nm laser system together with a 10-m diameter target chamber with room for many target diagnostics. NIF will be the world's largest laser experimental system, providing a national center to study inertial confinement fusion and the physics of matter at extreme energy densities and pressures. A computational system, the Laser Performance Operations Model (LPOM) has been developed and deployed that automates the laser setup process, and accurately predict laser energetics. LPOM determines the settings of the injection laser system required to achieve the desired main laser output, provides equipment protection, determines the diagnostic setup, and supplies post shot data analysis and reporting. C1 [Shaw, Michael; House, Ronald; Williams, Wade; Haynam, Christopher; White, Ronald; Orth, Charles; Sacks, Richard] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shaw, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM shaw7@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032022 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032022 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000138 ER PT S AU Singleton, RL AF Singleton, Robert L., Jr. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Calculating the charged particle stopping power exactly to leading and next-to-leading order SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID PLASMA AB I will discuss a new method for calculating transport quantities, such as the charged particle stopping power, in a weakly to moderately coupled plasma. This method, called dimensional continuation, lies within the framework of convergent kinetic equations, and it is powerful enough to allow for systematic perturbative expansions in the plasma coupling constant. Inparticular, it provides an exact evaluation of the stopping power to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma coupling, with the systematic error being of cubic order. Consequently, the calculation is near-exact for a weakly coupled plasma, and quite accurate for a moderately coupled plasma. The leading order term in this expansion has been known since the classic work of Spitzer. In contrast, the next-to-leading order term has been calculated only recently by Brown,Preston, and Singleton (BPS), using the aforementioned method, to account for all short-and long-distance physics accurate to second order in the plasma coupling, including an exact treatment of the quantum-to-classical scattering transition. Under conditions relevant for inertial confinement fusion, BPS find the alpha particle range in the DT plasma to be about 30% longer than typical model predictions in the literature. Preliminary numerical studies suggest that this renders the ignition threshold proportionally higher, thereby having potential adverse implications for upcoming high energy density facilities. Since the key ideas behind the BPS calculation are possibly unfamiliar to plasma physicists, and the implications might be important, I will use this opportunity to explain the method in a pedagogical fashion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singleton, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bobs1@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 022034 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022034 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000051 ER PT S AU Song, P Eder, D Moran, M Landen, O O'Brien, D Hsing, W AF Song, P. Eder, D. Moran, M. Landen, O. O'Brien, D. Hsing, W. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Studies of Background levels for the NIF Yield Diagnostics from Neutron and Gamma Radiation SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is nearing completion of construction and is preparing for the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) with potentially significant yield in 2010. The design of a wide range of yield diagnostics in and outside the target-bay of the NIF must consider scattered background neutrons and neutron-induced gamma rays to measure neutrons and x-rays from target. The large and complex target chamber and facility make the calculation of scattered neutrons and gamma rays extremely challenging. The NIF was designed with shielded locations for many of the yield diagnostics including the neutron alcove and four diagnostic mezzanines. Accurate calculation of the background levels in these shielded locations requires advanced Monte Carlo techniques, e. g., variance reduction. Placement, size, and materials of collimators on the line of sight (LOS) through the shielding must be evaluated to trade off signal levels and unwanted backgrounds. The background at these locations is also affected by neutrons that pass through the laser beam tubes and scatter off of structures and walls in the switch yards. Detailed 3D Monte Carlo analyses are performed to determine neutron and gamma fluxes for some of the yield diagnostics. C1 [Song, P.; Eder, D.; Moran, M.; Landen, O.; O'Brien, D.; Hsing, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Song, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM song6@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 032083 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/3/032083 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000199 ER PT S AU Spears, B Hicks, D Velsko, C Stoyer, M Robey, H Munro, D Haan, S Landen, O Nikroo, A Huang, HB AF Spears, Brian Hicks, Damien Velsko, Carol Stoyer, Mark Robey, Harry Munro, Dave Haan, Steve Landen, Otto Nikroo, Abbas Huang, Haibo BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Influence and measurement of mass ablation in ICF implosions SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID NIF IGNITION TARGETS; SPECIFICATIONS; UPDATE AB Point design ignition capsules designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) currently use an xray-driven Be(Cu) ablator to compress the DT fuel. Ignition specifications require that the mass of unablated Be(Cu), called residual mass, be known to within 1% of the initial ablator mass. The specifications also require that the implosion bang time, a surrogate measurement for implosion velocity, be known to +/- 50 ps RMS. Experiments designed to measure and to tune experimentally the amount of residual mass are being developed as part of the National Ignition Campaign (NIC). Tuning adjustments of the residual mass and peak velocity can be achieved using capsule and laser parameters. We currently plan to measure the residual mass using streaked radiographic imaging of surrogate tuning capsules. This technique, together with bang time measurements, should allow us to tune ignition capsules to meet NIC specs. C1 [Spears, Brian; Hicks, Damien; Velsko, Carol; Stoyer, Mark; Robey, Harry; Munro, Dave; Haan, Steve; Landen, Otto] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Spears, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM spears9@llnl.gov RI Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022003 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000009 ER PT S AU Tanabe, M Nishimura, H Fujioka, S Nagai, K Iwamae, A Ohnishi, N Fournier, KB Girard, F Primout, M Villette, B Tobin, M Mima, K AF Tanabe, Minoru Nishimura, Hiroaki Fujioka, Shinsuke Nagai, Keiji Iwamae, Atsushi Ohnishi, Naofumi Fournier, Kevin B. Girard, Frederic Primout, Michel Villette, Bruno Tobin, Mike Mima, Kunioki BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Supersonic heat wave propagation in laser-produced underdense plasma for efficient x-ray generation SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN AB We have observed supersonic heat wave propagation in a low-density aerogel target (rho similar to 3.2 mg/cc) irradiated at the intensity of 4 x 1014 W/cm(2). The heat wave propagation was measured with a time-resolved x-ray imaging diagnostics, and the results were compared with simulations made with the two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic code, RAICHO. Propagation velocity of the ionization front very slightly decreased as the wave propagates into the target. The reason of decrease is due to increase of laser absorption region as the front propagates and interplay of hydrodynamic motion and reflection of laser propagation in the target. These features are well reproduced with the simulation. C1 [Tanabe, Minoru; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Fujioka, Shinsuke; Nagai, Keiji; Mima, Kunioki] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Iwamae, Atsushi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Ohnishi, Naofumi] Toho Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Fournier, Kevin B.; Tobin, Mike] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Girard, Frederic; Primout, Michel; Villette, Bruno] Energie Atomique, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Tanabe, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM mtanabe@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Nagai, Keiji/E-5155-2014; Tanabe, Minoru/O-2016-2016; Nishimura, Hiroaki/I-4908-2015 OI Tanabe, Minoru/0000-0002-9077-3896; FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405ENG-48]; MEXT Japan FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405ENG-48, MEXT Japan project Advanced Diagnostics for Burning Plasma (code 442) the public advertisement research Xray spectroscopy for imploded burning plasma (code 17044005). NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022076 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022076 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000093 ER PT S AU Thio, YCF AF Thio, Y. C. Francis BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Status of the US program in magneto-inertial fusion SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID TARGET FUSION; PLASMA LINER; CONFIGURATIONS; IMPLOSION AB A status report of the current U. S. program in magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) conducted by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (OFES) of the U. S. Department of Energy is given. Magneto-inertial fusion is an emerging concept for inertial fusion and a pathway to the study of dense plasmas in ultrahigh magnetic fields (magnetic fields in excess of 500 T). The presence of magnetic field in an inertial fusion target suppresses cross-field thermal transport and potentially could enable more attractive inertial fusion energy systems. The program is part of the OFES program in high energy density laboratory plasmas (HED-LP). C1 US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, Germantown, MD USA. RP Thio, YCF (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, Germantown, MD USA. EM Francis.thio@science.doe.gov RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014 OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 042084 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/4/042084 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000285 ER PT S AU Wilson, DC Kyrala, GA Benage, JF Wysocki, FJ Gunderson, MA Garbett, WJ Glebov, VY Frenje, J Yaakobi, B Herrman, HW Cooley, JH Welser-Sherrill, L Horsfield, CJ Roberts, SA AF Wilson, D. C. Kyrala, G. A. Benage, J. F., Jr. Wysocki, F. J. Gunderson, M. A. Garbett, W. J. Glebov, V. Yu Frenje, J. Yaakobi, B. Herrman, H. W. Cooley, J. H. Welser-Sherrill, L. Horsfield, C. J. Roberts, S. A. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI The effects of pre-mix on burn in ICF capsules SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID OMEGA; IMPLOSIONS AB Directly driven implosions at the Omega laser have tested the effects of pre-mix of Ar, Kr, and Xe in D-2 + He-3 filled glass micro-balloons. Diagnostics included: D+D and D+T neutron yields, D+ He-3 proton yields and spectra, Doppler broadened ion temperatures, time dependent neutron and proton burn rates, and time gated, high energy filtered, X-ray images. Yields are better calculated by XSN LTE than by non-LTE. Yields with a small amount of premix, atom fractions of similar to 5e-3 for Ar, 2e-3 Kr, and Xe for 5e-4, are more degraded than calculated, while the measured ion temperatures are the same as without pre-mix. There is also a decrease in fuel pr. The neutron burn histories suggest that the early yield coming before the reflected shock strikes the incoming shell is un-degraded, with yield degradation occurring afterwards. Adding 20 atm % He-3 to pure D fuel seems to produce a similar degradation. Calculated gated X-ray images agree with observed when the reflected shock strikes the incoming shell, but are smaller than observed afterward. This partially explains yield degradation and both the low fuel and whole capsule rho r's observed in secondary T+D neutrons and slowing of the D+ He-3 protons. Neither LTE on non-LTE captures the degradation by He-3 or at low pre-mix levels, nor matches the large shell radii after impact of the reflected shock. C1 [Wilson, D. C.; Kyrala, G. A.; Benage, J. F., Jr.; Wysocki, F. J.; Gunderson, M. A.; Herrman, H. W.; Cooley, J. H.; Welser-Sherrill, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Garbett, W. J.] AWE, Reading, Berks, England. [Glebov, V. Yu] Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energet, New Rochelle, NY USA. [Frenje, J.] MIT, Plasma Fusion Sci Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcw@lanl.gov FU US DOE/NNSA at LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Work supported by US DOE/NNSA, performed at LANL under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR UNSP 022015 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022015 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000032 ER PT S AU Yin, L Albright, BJ Bowers, KJ Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Flippo, KA Rose, HA AF Yin, L. Albright, B. J. Bowers, K. J. Kline, J. L. Montgomery, D. S. Flippo, K. A. Rose, H. A. BE Azechi, H Hammel, B Gauthier, JC TI Kinetic simulations of stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering of Trident short-pulse laser in a single-hot-spot SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications(IFSA 2007) CY SEP 09-14, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN ID DECAY INSTABILITY AB Parametric coupling involving stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering (SRS and SBS) of Trident short-pulse laser in a single-hot-spot [Kline J L et al. 2007 Investigation of stimulated Raman scattering using a short-pulse single-hot-spot at the Trident laser facility J. Phys.: Conf. Series in press] is examined using Particle-In-Cell simulations in the kinetic regime. The scaling of SRS reflectivity versus laser intensity at k lambda(D) = 0.35 is obtained from two-dimensional simulations in which SRS saturation level is in quantitative agreement with that in the experiments. At this high laser intensity regime (>= 10(16) W/cm(2)), it is found that SRS saturation is caused by electron plasma wavefront bowing and self-focusing from trapped particle modulational in stability [Rose H A 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 12318]; ion acoustic wave bowing also contributes to the SBS saturation. These results are consistent with our fundings for long laser pulse at lower intensities [Yin L, Albright B J, Bowers K J, Daughton W and Rose H A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 265004]. A frequency chirp in a short-pulse laser leads to significant reduction of the SBS reflectivity. C1 [Yin, L.; Albright, B. J.; Bowers, K. J.; Kline, J. L.; Montgomery, D. S.; Flippo, K. A.; Rose, H. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lyin@lanl.gov RI Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; OI Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 112 AR 022033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022033 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BTA86 UT WOS:000286312000050 ER PT S AU Roy, F Dutoit, B Grilli, F Sirois, F AF Roy, F. Dutoit, B. Grilli, F. Sirois, F. BE Hoste, S Ausloos, M TI Magneto-thermal finite element modeling of 2nd generation HTS for FCL design purposes SO 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS'07) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Univ Gent, Univ Liege ID FAULT CURRENT LIMITER; COATED CONDUCTOR; CURRENT-DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Coated conductors are very promising for the design of novel and efficient Fault Current Limiter (FCL). However, before considering using them in a power grid, their thermal and electromagnetic behaviors in the presence of over-critical currents need to be investigated indetails. In this context, we performed finite element magneto-thermal modeling of coated conductors under over-critical current on several geometries. Accordingly, we have investigated the substrate electrical connectivity and thermal properties on the HTS-FCL behavior. All simulations were performed using in COMSOL Multiphysics (R), a commercial finite element package,which has a built-in coupling between the thermal and electrical equations, allowing us to compute both quantities simultaneously during the solving process. Our simulations allowed us to formulate thresholds for the current density usable in coated HTS as well as limitation capability of a device made of these new conductors. C1 [Roy, F.; Dutoit, B.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Grilli, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sirois, F.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. RP Roy, F (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM francois.roy@epfl.ch RI Sirois, Frederic/F-3736-2010 OI Sirois, Frederic/0000-0003-0372-9449 FU Swiss National Science Foundation through the National Center of Competence in Research \Materials with Novel Electronic Properties - MaNEP; US DOE Oce of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX This work was partly supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation through the National Center of Competence in Research \Materials with Novel Electronic Properties - MaNEP" and partly by the US DOE Oce of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 97 AR UNSP 012286 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012286 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOA94 UT WOS:000276054100285 ER PT S AU Sirois, F Dione, M Roy, F Grilli, F Dutoit, B AF Sirois, Frederic Dione, Mouhamadou Roy, Francois Grilli, Francesco Dutoit, Bertrand BE Hoste, S Ausloos, M TI Evaluation of two commercial finite element packages for calculating AC losses in 2-D high temperature superconducting strips SO 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS'07) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Univ Gent, Univ Liege ID TAPES C1 [Sirois, Frederic; Dione, Mouhamadou; Grilli, Francesco] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Roy, Francois; Dutoit, Bertrand] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Grilli, Francesco] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sirois, F (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. EM f.sirois@polymtl.ca RI Sirois, Frederic/F-3736-2010 OI Sirois, Frederic/0000-0003-0372-9449 FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX The author ackowledge funding from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and from the US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability for the realization of the work. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 97 AR UNSP 012030 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012030 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOA94 UT WOS:000276054100030 ER PT S AU Thieme, CLH Gagnon, K Voccio, J Aized, D Claassen, J AF Thieme, C. L. H. Gagnon, K. Voccio, J. Aized, D. Claassen, J. BE Hoste, S Ausloos, M TI AC Application of Second Generation HTS Wire SO 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS'07) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Univ Gent, Univ Liege ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTOR; SUPERCONDUCTOR; MAGNETISM; LOSSES; COILS AB For the production of Second Generation (2G) YBCO High Temperature Superconductor wire American Superconductor uses a wide-strip MOD-YBCO/RABiTS (TM) process, a low-cost approach for commercial manufacturing. It can be engineered with a high degree of flexibility to manufacture practical 2G conductors with architectures and properties tailored for specific applications and operating conditions. For ac applications conductor and coil design can be geared towards low hysteretic losses. For applications which experience high frequency ac fields, the stabilizer needs to be adjusted for low eddy current losses. For these applications a stainless-steel laminate is used. An example is a Low Pass Filter Inductor which was developed and built in this work. C1 [Thieme, C. L. H.; Gagnon, K.; Voccio, J.] Amer Superconductor, 64 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Aized, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Claassen, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thieme, CLH (reprint author), Amer Superconductor, 64 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434 USA. EM cthieme@amsc.com RI Gagnon, Kevin/C-1247-2009 FU DARPA; ONR FX The authors thank DARPA and ONR for support through the SyperHype program NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 97 AR UNSP 012298 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012298 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOA94 UT WOS:000276054100297 ER PT S AU Wimbush, SC Li, MC Vickers, ME Jia, QX MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Wimbush, S. C. Li, M. C. Vickers, M. E. Jia, Q. X. MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. BE Hoste, S Ausloos, M TI X-ray determination of mosaic structure in variable thickness EuBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films SO 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS'07) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity CY SEP 16-20, 2007 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Univ Gent, Univ Liege ID EPITAXIAL GAN FILMS AB Employing the Srikant method of extrapolating the rocking curve widths of a series of diffraction peaks across a range of angles of inclination, the out-of-plane (mosaic tilt) and in-plane (mosaic twist) misorientation angles of a series of varying thickness EuBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films has been deduced. The twist angle is seen to increase as the film thickness decreases below 200 nm, from 0.2 degrees for films approaching the bulk to 0.35 degrees for the thinnest film (50 nm) investigated. The tilt angle follows a similar trend, increasing more strongly from 0.05 degrees to 0.4 degrees. Furthermore, it is shown that the tilt and twist misorientations in this class of materials are independent in nature, implying that limited information regarding the in-plane behaviour can be inferred from purely out-of-plane measurements. The reduction in the degree of misorientation in thicker films can be associated with a decreasing threading dislocation density, and correlates with the decrease in the critical current density of R123 thin films with increasing film thickness. C1 [Wimbush, S. C.; Li, M. C.; Vickers, M. E.; MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconductiv Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wimbush, SC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM scw42@cam.ac.uk RI Wimbush, Stuart/F-3736-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Wimbush, Stuart/0000-0003-1636-643X; FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council FX This work is supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council as part of the project, "Novel materials nano-engineering for enhanced performance of superconductor coated conductors and functional oxidesh" NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 97 AR UNSP 012214 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012214 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOA94 UT WOS:000276054100213 ER PT S AU Lee, AT Tran, H Ade, P Arnold, K Borrill, J Dobbs, MA Errard, J Halverson, N Holzapfel, WL Howard, J Jaffe, A Keating, B Kermish, Z Linder, E Miller, N Myers, M Niarchou, A Paar, H Reichardt, C Spieler, H Steinbach, B Stompor, R Tucker, C Quealy, E Richards, PL Zahn, O AF Lee, Adrian T. Tran, Huan Ade, Peter Arnold, Kam Borrill, Julian Dobbs, Matt A. Errard, Josquin Halverson, Nils Holzapfel, William L. Howard, Jacob Jaffe, Andrew Keating, Brian Kermish, Zigmund Linder, Eric Miller, Nathan Myers, Mike Niarchou, Anastasia Paar, Hans Reichardt, Christian Spieler, Helmuth Steinbach, Bryan Stompor, Radek Tucker, Carole Quealy, Erin Richards, Paul L. Zahn, Oliver BE Kodama, H Ioka, K TI POLARBEAR: Ultra-high energy physics with measurements of CMB polarization SO ACCELERATORS IN THE UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accelerators in the Universe CY MAR 12-14, 2008 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, HCAS, Grad Studies Adv Studies, Amer Inst Phys DE Cosmic Microwave Background; Inflation; polarization; bolometer AB POLARBEAR is a ground-based experiment to measure polarization anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background. It is designed to have a combination of sensitivity, foreground mitigation, and rejection of systematic errors to search for the B-mode signature of Inflationary gravity waves over much of the parameter range suggested by simple power-law Inflation models. POLARBEAR is designed to detect a gravitational-wave signature with a tensor-to-scalar ratio r as low as 0.025 (95% confidence). POLARBEAR will also measure polarized lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background which will give valuable information on large-scale structure at z > 1 and bound the total mass of the neutrinos. POLARBEAR will have a 3.5 meter primary meter giving it an angular resolution of 3.0' at its main observation frequency band centered at 150 GHz. The 250 mK focal plane design contains 637 dual-polarization pixels (1274 bolometers) that are coupled to the telescope using microlithographed planar antennas. The experiment will be sited in the Atacama Desert in Chile at 5000 meter (16,500 ft) altitude starting in 2009 after a prototype testing stage at Cedar Flats California. The first configuration of the experiment will observe at only one frequency band with the first season at 150 GHz and the second at 220 GHz. The optics will be upgraded to have simultaneous observations in those two bands in the third season of observations. POLARBEAR and QUIET Will observe the same sky patches, and together they will have frequency bands at 30, 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz giving broad coverage of galactic foregrounds and a valuable cross-check by comparison of polarization maps. In POLARBEAR, polarization systematic errors are mitigated by a continuously rotating 50 K half-wave plate and an observation strategy that takes advantage of parallactic angle rotation to rotate the experiment relative to polarization patterns on the sky. C1 [Lee, Adrian T.; Tran, Huan; Arnold, Kam; Holzapfel, William L.; Howard, Jacob; Kermish, Zigmund; Myers, Mike; Reichardt, Christian; Steinbach, Bryan; Quealy, Erin; Richards, Paul L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Res Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Lee, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0567-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1040 BP 66 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG28 UT WOS:000259298700009 ER PT J AU Schmidt, SK Wilson, KL Meyer, AF Schadt, CW Porter, TM Moncalvo, JM AF Schmidt, S. K. Wilson, K. L. Meyer, A. F. Schadt, C. W. Porter, T. M. Moncalvo, J. M. BE Zengler, K TI THE MISSING FUNGI: NEW INSIGHTS FROM CULTURE-INDEPENDENT MOLECULAR STUDIES OF SOIL SO ACCESSING UNCULTIVATED MICROORGANISMS: FROM THE ENVIRONMENT TO ORGANISMS AND GENOMES AND BACK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MULTITEMPLATE PCR; DNA-SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; BIAS; EVOLUTION; FOREST; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL; LIBRARIES C1 [Schmidt, S. K.; Wilson, K. L.; Meyer, A. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Porter, T. M.; Moncalvo, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Schadt, C. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Moncalvo, J. M.] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. RP Schmidt, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Schmidt, Steven/G-2771-2010; Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008 OI Schmidt, Steven/0000-0002-9175-2085; Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448 NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-550-9 PY 2008 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BPH75 UT WOS:000278870400005 ER PT J AU Desikan, R Tetard, L Passian, A Datar, R Thundat, T AF Desikan, Ramya Tetard, Laurene Passian, Ali Datar, Ram Thundat, Thomas BE Zengler, K TI NANOMECHANICAL METHODS TO STUDY SINGLE CELLS SO ACCESSING UNCULTIVATED MICROORGANISMS: FROM THE ENVIRONMENT TO ORGANISMS AND GENOMES AND BACK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LIVING CELLS; MICROCANTILEVER SENSORS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; MEMBRANE C1 [Desikan, Ramya; Tetard, Laurene; Passian, Ali; Datar, Ram; Thundat, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Desikan, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 1 BethelValley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-550-9 PY 2008 BP 245 EP 265 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BPH75 UT WOS:000278870400015 ER PT J AU Keller, M Schadt, CW Palumbo, AV AF Keller, Martin Schadt, Christopher W. Palumbo, Anthony V. BE Zengler, K TI SINGLE-CELL GENOMICS SO ACCESSING UNCULTIVATED MICROORGANISMS: FROM THE ENVIRONMENT TO ORGANISMS AND GENOMES AND BACK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; MICROARRAY-BASED ANALYSIS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; POPULATION GENOMICS; DNA-POLYMERASE; PCR; MICROMANIPULATION; PYROPHOSPHATE C1 [Keller, Martin; Schadt, Christopher W.; Palumbo, Anthony V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keller, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008 OI Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448 NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-550-9 PY 2008 BP 267 EP 278 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BPH75 UT WOS:000278870400016 ER PT J AU Benson, SJ Ye, YY AF Benson, Steven J. Ye, Yinyu TI Algorithm 875: DSDP5 - Software for semidefinite programming SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; programming; semidefinite programming; linear matrix inequalities; conic programming; interior-point methods; dual-scaling algorithm ID INTERIOR-POINT METHODS; OPTIMIZATION; MATLAB; COMBINATORIAL; SEDUMI; CODE AB DSDP implements the dual-scaling algorithm for semidefinite programming. The source code for this interior-point algorithm, written entirely in ANSI C, is freely available under an open source license. The solver can be used as a subroutine library, as a function within the Matlab environment, or as an executable that reads and writes to data files. Initiated in 1997, DSDP has developed into an efficient and robust general-purpose solver for semidefinite programming. Its features include a convergence proof with polynomially bounded worst-case complexity, primal and dual feasible solutions when they exist, certificates of infeasibility when solutions do not exist, initial points that can be feasible or infeasible, relatively low memory requirements for an interior-point method, sparse and low-rank data structures, extensibility that allows applications to customize the solver and improve its performance, a subroutine library that enables it to be linked to larger applications, scalable performance for large problems on parallel architectures, and a well-documented interface and examples of its use. The package has been used in many applications and tested for efficiency, robustness, and ease of use. C1 [Benson, Steven J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ye, Yinyu] Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Benson, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yinyu-ye@stanford.edu NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 AR 16 DI 10.1145/1356052.1356057 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 307SK UT WOS:000256338400005 ER PT J AU Buttari, A Dongarra, J Kurzak, J Luszczek, P Tomov, S AF Buttari, Alfredo Dongarra, Jack Kurzak, Jakub Luszczek, Piotr Tomov, Stanimir TI Using mixed precision for sparse matrix computations to enhance the performance while achieving 64-bit accuracy SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; performance; linear systems; iterative refinement; floating point; precision ID MINIMAL RESIDUAL ALGORITHM; KRYLOV SUBSPACE METHODS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; SOLVER; GMRES AB By using a combination of 32-bit and 64-bit floating point arithmetic, the performance of many sparse linear algebra algorithms can be significantly enhanced while maintaining the 64-bit accuracy of the resulting solution. These ideas can be applied to sparse multifrontal and supernodal direct techniques and sparse iterative techniques such as Krylov subspace methods. The approach presented here can apply not only to conventional processors but also to exotic technologies such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), Graphical Processing Units (GPU), and the Cell BE processor. C1 [Buttari, Alfredo] ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Buttari, A (reprint author), ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. EM dongarra@cs.utk.edu NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 AR 17 DI 10.1145/1377596.1377597 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 328WS UT WOS:000257829500001 ER PT J AU Gao, WG Li, XYS Yang, C Bai, ZJ AF Gao, Weiguo Li, Xiaoye S. Yang, Chao Bai, Zhaojun TI An implementation and evaluation of the AMLS method for sparse eigenvalue problems SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; performance; sparse eigenvalue problems; multilevel substructuring; performance evaluation ID SUBSTRUCTURING METHOD; COMPUTATION AB We describe an efficient implementation and present a performance study of an automated multilevel substructuring (AMLS) method for sparse eigenvalue problems. We assess the time and memory requirements associated with the key steps of the algorithm, and compare it with the shift-and-invert Lanczos algorithm. Our eigenvalue problems come from two very different application areas: accelerator cavity design and normal-mode vibrational analysis of polyethylene particles. We show that the AMLS method, when implemented carefully, outperforms the traditional method in broad application areas when large numbers of eigenvalues are sought, with relatively low accuracy. C1 [Gao, Weiguo] Fudan Univ, Sch Math Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaoye S.; Yang, Chao] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bai, Zhaojun] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gao, WG (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Math Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM wggao@fudan.edu.cn; xsli@lbl.gov; cyang@lbl.gov; bai@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 AR 20 DI 10.1145/1377596.1377600 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 328WS UT WOS:000257829500004 ER PT J AU Sala, M Stanley, KS Heroux, MA AF Sala, Marzio Stanley, Kendall S. Heroux, Michael A. TI On the design of interfaces to sparse direct solvers SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE design; languages; direct solver libraries; object-oriented design; distributed linear algebra ID FACTORIZATION; CHOLESKY; PARALLEL; SYSTEMS AB We discuss the design of general, flexible, consistent, reusable, and efficient interfaces to software libraries for the direct solution of systems of linear equations on both serial and distributed memory architectures. We introduce a set of abstract classes to access the linear system matrix elements and their distribution, access vector elements, and control the solution of the linear system. We describe a concrete implementation of the proposed interfaces, and report examples of applications and numerical results showing that the overhead induced by the object-oriented design is negligible under typical conditions of usage. We include examples of applications, and we comment on the advantages and limitations of the design. C1 [Stanley, Kendall S.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Heroux, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sala, M (reprint author), ETH, Dept Comp Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM marzio.sala@gmail.com OI Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273 NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 EI 1557-7295 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 AR 9 DI 10.1145/1326548.1326551 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 307RW UT WOS:000256337000003 ER PT J AU Sala, M Spotz, WF Heroux, MA AF Sala, Marzio Spotz, W. F. Heroux, M. A. TI PyTrilinos: High-performance distributed-memory solvers for python SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE design; languages; performance; object-oriented programming; script languages; direct solvers; multilevel preconditioners; nonlinear solvers ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONERS; SPARSE CHOLESKY; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; EQUATIONS AB PyTrilinos is a collection of Python modules that are useful for serial and parallel scientific computing. This collection contains modules that cover serial and parallel dense linear algebra, serial and parallel sparse linear algebra, direct and iterative linear solution techniques, domain decomposition and multilevel preconditioners, nonlinear solvers, and continuation algorithms. Also included are a variety of related utility functions and classes, including distributed I/O, coloring algorithms, and matrix generation. PyTrilinos vector objects are integrated with the popular NumPy Python module, gathering together a variety of high-level distributed computing operations with serial vector operations. PyTrilinos is a set of interfaces to existing, compiled libraries. This hybrid framework uses Python as front-end, and efficient precompiled libraries for all computationally expensive tasks. Thus, we take advantage of both the flexibility and ease of use of Python, and the efficiency of the underlying C++, C, and FORTRAN numerical kernels. Out numerical results show that, for many important problem classes, the overhead required by the Python interpreter is negligible. To run in parallel, PyTrilinos simply requires a standard Python interpreter. The fundamental MPI calls are encapsulated under an abstract layer that manages all interprocessor communications. This makes serial and parallel scripts using PyTrilinos virtually identical. C1 [Sala, Marzio] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Spotz, W. F.; Heroux, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sala, M (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM maherou@sandia.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 AR 7 DI 10.1145/1326548.1326549 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 307RW UT WOS:000256337000001 ER PT J AU Utke, J Naumann, U Fagan, M Tallent, N Strout, M Heimbach, P Hill, C Wunsch, C AF Utke, Jean Naumann, Uwe Fagan, Mike Tallent, Nathan Strout, Michelle Heimbach, Patrick Hill, Chris Wunsch, Carl TI OpenAD/F: A modular open-source tool for automatic differentiation of Fortran codes SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; performance; automatic differentiation; source transformation; adjoint compiler ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; JACOBIAN MATRICES; ADJOINT CODE; OCEAN; CONSTRUCTION; ACCUMULATION; REVERSAL; GRAPH AB The OpenAD/F tool allows the evaluation of derivatives of functions defined by a Fortran program. The derivative evaluation is performed by a Fortran code resulting from the analysis and transformation of the original program that defines the function of interest. OpenAD/F has been designed with a particular emphasis on modularity, flexibility, and the use of open source components. While the code transformation follows the basic principles of automatic differentiation, the tool implements new algorithmic approaches at various levels, for example, for basic block preaccumulation and call graph reversal. Unlike most other automatic differentiation tools, OpenAD/F uses components provided by the OpenAD framework, which supports a comparatively easy extension of the code transformations in a language-independent fashion. It uses code analysis results implemented in the OpenAnalysis component. The interface to the language-independent transformation engine is an XML-based format, specified through an XML schema. The implemented transformation algorithms allow efficient derivative computations using locally optimized cross-country sequences of vertex, edge, and face elimination steps. Specifically, for the generation of adjoint codes, OpenAD/F supports various code reversal schemes with hierarchical checkpointing at the subroutine level. As an example from geophysical fluid dynamics, a nonlinear time-dependent scalable, yet simple, barotropic ocean model is considered. OpenAD/F's reverse mode is applied to compute sensitivities of some of the model's transport properties with respect to gridded fields such as bottom topography as independent (control) variables. C1 [Utke, Jean] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Naumann, Uwe] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Fagan, Mike; Tallent, Nathan] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Strout, Michelle] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Heimbach, Patrick; Hill, Chris; Wunsch, Carl] MIT, Boston, MA 02139 USA. RP Utke, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM utke@mcs.anl.gov RI Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013 OI Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 AR 18 DI 10.1145/1377596.1377598 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 328WS UT WOS:000257829500002 ER PT S AU Miyasaka, C Telschow, KL Sadler, JT Maev, RG AF Miyasaka, C. Telschow, K. L. Sadler, J. T. Maev, R. Gr. BE Akiyama, I TI VISUALIZATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVES PROPAGATING WITHIN A SINGLE ANISOTROPIC CRYSTALLINE PLATE WITH A HYBRID ACOUSTIC IMAGING TECHNIQUE SO ACOUSTICAL IMAGING, VOL 29 SE Acoustical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging CY APR 15-18, 2007 CL Shonan Village, JAPAN DE Laser based ultrasonics; Acoustic lens; Angular spectrum; Anisotropy ID MICROSCOPY AB We present a hybrid acoustic imaging system to directly visualize acoustic waves propagating within a single anisotropic crystalline plate. A high frequency acoustic point focus lens was used to form a small point source within the plate. A laser interferometric system was used to visualize the acoustic wave propagation. Distinct amplitude patterns at each focal plane were experimentally visualized. The patterns are also theoretically calculated with an Angular Spectrum of Plane Waves method. C1 [Miyasaka, C.] Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Miyasaka, C (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0270-5117 BN 978-1-4020-8822-3 J9 ACOUST IMAG PY 2008 VL 29 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8823-0_24 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BIW34 UT WOS:000263365100024 ER PT J AU Blanch, HW Adams, PD Andrews-Cramer, KM Frommer, WB Simmons, BA Keasling, JD AF Blanch, Harvey W. Adams, Paul D. Andrews-Cramer, Katherine M. Frommer, Wolf B. Simmons, Blake A. Keasling, Jay D. TI Addressing the need for alternative transportation fuels: The joint BioEnergy institute SO ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Blanch, Harvey W.; Adams, Paul D.; Andrews-Cramer, Katherine M.; Frommer, Wolf B.; Simmons, Blake A.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blanch, Harvey W.; Simmons, Blake A.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blanch, Harvey W.; Adams, Paul D.; Frommer, Wolf B.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Adams, Paul D.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Andrews-Cramer, Katherine M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Frommer, Wolf B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Simmons, Blake A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Frommer, Wolf B/A-8256-2008; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 NR 3 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1554-8929 J9 ACS CHEM BIOL JI ACS Chem. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1021/cb700267s PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 253JT UT WOS:000252515200010 PM 18205287 ER PT J AU Keasling, JD AF Keasling, Jay D. TI Synthetic biology for synthetic chemistry SO ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL DIVISION CYCLE; ENGINEERED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CENTRAL METABOLIC PATHWAYS; MESSENGER-RNA DECAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; PLASMID REPLICATION; CELL-CYCLE; IN-SILICO; STOICHIOMETRIC MODEL AB The richness and versatility of biological systems make them ideally suited to solve some of the world's most significant challenges, such as converting cheap, renewable resources into energy-rich molecules; producing high-quality, inexpensive drugs to fight disease; and remediating polluted sites. Over the years, significant strides have been made in engineering microorganisms to produce fuels, bulk chemicals, and valuable drugs from inexpensive starting materials; to detect and degrade nerve agents as well as less toxic organic pollutants; and to accumulate metals and reduce radionuclides. The components needed to engineer the chemistry inside a microbial cell are significantly different from those commonly used to overproduce pharmaceutical proteins. Synthetic biology has had and will continue to have a significant impact on the development of these components to engineer cellular metabolism and microbial chassis to host the chemistry. The ready availability of more well-characterized gene expression components and hosts for chemical synthesis, standards for the connection of these components to make larger functioning devices, computer-aided design software, and debugging tools for biological designs will decrease both the time and the support needed to construct these designs. Some of the most important tools for engineering bacterial metabolism and their use for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin are reviewed. C1 [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasing@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 123 TC 215 Z9 241 U1 26 U2 153 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1554-8929 J9 ACS CHEM BIOL JI ACS Chem. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 64 EP 76 DI 10.1021/cb7002434 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 253JT UT WOS:000252515200017 PM 18205292 ER PT J AU Mann, DGJ McKnight, TE McPherson, JT Hoyt, PR Melechko, AV Simpson, ML Sayler, GS AF Mann, David G. J. McKnight, Timothy E. McPherson, Jackson T. Hoyt, Peter R. Melechko, Anatoli V. Simpson, Michael L. Sayler, Gary S. TI Inducible RNA interference-mediated gene silencing using nanostructured gene delivery arrays SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE RNA interference; shRNA; nanostructures; nanofibers; gene silencing; vertically aligned carbon nanofibers; DNA delivery; tetracycline induction; single cell expression; CFP; YFP ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; EXPRESSION; DNA; VECTOR; GENOME; TETR AB RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful biological tool over the past decade. In this study, a tetracycline-inducible small hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector system was designed for silencing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) expression and delivered alongside the yfp marker gene into Chinese hamster ovary cells using impalefection on spatially indexed vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays (VACNFs). The VACNF architecture provided simultaneous delivery of multiple genes, subsequent adherence and proliferation of interfaced cells, and repeated monitoring of single cells over time. Following impalefection and tetracycline induction, 53.1% +/- 10.4% of impalefected cells were fully silenced by the inducible CFP-silencing shRNA vector. Additionally, efficient CFP silencing was observed in single cells among a population of cells that remained CFP-expressing. This effective transient expression system enables rapid analysis of gene-silencing effects using RNAi in single cells and cell populations. C1 [McKnight, Timothy E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mann, David G. J.; McPherson, Jackson T.; Sayler, Gary S.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Hoyt, Peter R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Melechko, Anatoli V.; Simpson, Michael L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP McKnight, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcknightte@ornl.gov RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB006316] NR 40 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1021/nn700198y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 253KA UT WOS:000252515900010 PM 19206549 ER PT J AU Shapiro, DA AF Shapiro, David A. TI Report on a project on three-dimensional imaging of the biological cell by single-particle X-ray diffraction. Addendum SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; LASER AB In the paper by Sayre [Acta Cryst. (2008), A64, 33-35], a proposal is made to use stereoscopy as a short-term means of overcoming the primarily technological hurdles involved in three-dimensional imaging of the biological cell by soft X-ray diffraction microscopy. This addendum provides a broader perspective on the techniques used by this rapidly maturing community to investigate structural problems in the biological and material sciences. C1 [Shapiro, David A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shapiro, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cycloton Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dashapiro@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JAN PY 2008 VL 64 BP 36 EP 37 DI 10.1107/S0108767307057571 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 245GV UT WOS:000251924000005 PM 18156671 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Afonine, PV Moriarty, NW Zwart, PH Hung, LW Read, RJ Adams, PD AF Terwilliger, Thomas C. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Afonine, Pavel V. Moriarty, Nigel W. Zwart, Peter H. Hung, Li-Wei Read, Randy J. Adams, Paul D. TI Iterative model building, structure refinement and density modification with the PHENIX AutoBuild wizard SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; PROTEIN; MAPS; RESOLUTION; COMPLEX AB The PHENIX Auto Build wizard is a highly automated tool for iterative model building, structure refinement and density modification using RESOLVE model building, RESOLVE statistical density modification and phenix.refine structure refinement. Recent advances in the Auto Build wizard and phenix.refine include automated detection and application of NCS from models as they are built, extensive model-completion algorithms and automated solvent-molecule picking. Model-completion algorithms in the Auto Build wizard include loop building, crossovers between chains in different models of a structure and side-chain optimization. The Auto Build wizard has been applied to a set of 48 structures at resolutions ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 angstrom, resulting in a mean R factor of 0.24 and a mean free R factor of 0.29. The R factor of the final model is dependent on the quality of the starting electron density and is relatively independent of resolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Hung, Li-Wei/0000-0001-6690-8458 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01 GM063210, P01 GM063210, P01 GM063210-090002]; Wellcome Trust NR 31 TC 426 Z9 428 U1 2 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 64 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1107/S090744490705024X PN 1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 237ER UT WOS:000251357200008 PM 18094468 ER PT J AU Zwart, PH Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Lebedev, AA Murshudov, GN Adams, PD AF Zwart, Peter H. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Lebedev, Andrey A. Murshudov, Garib N. Adams, Paul D. TI Surprises and pitfalls arising from (pseudo)symmetry SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; ORTHORHOMBIC DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; PROTEIN CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; TWINNED CRYSTALS; OD-STRUCTURES; OROTIDINE-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE DECARBOXYLASE; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; STRUCTURAL BASIS AB It is not uncommon for protein crystals to crystallize with more than a single molecule per asymmetric unit. When more than a single molecule is present in the asymmetric unit, various pathological situations such as twinning, modulated crystals and pseudo translational or rotational symmetry can arise. The presence of pseudosymmetry can lead to uncertainties about the correct space group, especially in the presence of twinning. The background to certain common pathologies is presented and a new notation for space groups in unusual settings is introduced. The main concepts are illustrated with several examples from the literature and the Protein Data Bank. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ York, Struct Biol Lab, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. RP Zwart, PH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, One Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM phzwart@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01 GM063210, 1R01-GM069758-03, P01 GM063210, R01 GM069758]; Wellcome Trust [064405/Z/01/A] NR 75 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 64 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1107/S090744490705531X PN 1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 237ER UT WOS:000251357200013 PM 18094473 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, MP Scott, BL AF Wilkerson, Marianne P. Scott, Brian L. TI Dicaesium tetrachloridodioxidoplutonate(VI) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PLUTONIUM COMPOUND; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEPTUNYL C1 [Wilkerson, Marianne P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C ADI, MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Scott, Brian L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA MC, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilkerson, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, C ADI, MS J565, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mpw@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2008 VL 64 BP I5 EP U64 DI 10.1107/S1600536807066354 PN 1 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 247AK UT WOS:000252049300005 ER PT J AU Clarke, AJ Speer, JG Miller, MK Hackenberg, RE Edmonds, DV Matlock, DK Rizzo, FC Clarke, KD De Moor, E AF Clarke, A. J. Speer, J. G. Miller, M. K. Hackenberg, R. E. Edmonds, D. V. Matlock, D. K. Rizzo, F. C. Clarke, K. D. De Moor, E. TI Carbon partitioning to austenite from martensite or bainite during the quench and partition (Q&P) process: A critical assessment SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE austenite; martensite; bainite; atom probe tomography (APT); X-ray diffraction (XRD) ID DIFFUSIONAL DISPLACIVE TRANSFORMATIONS; ATOM-PROBE ANALYSIS; FERRITE PLATES; STEELS; GROWTH AB The goal of the quench and partition (Q&P) process for steel heat treatment is to enrich austenite with carbon during a partitioning treatment after initial quenching below the martensite start temperature (M-s). Two proposed mechanisms for austenite carbon enrichment during partitioning include carbon transport from martensite and/or the formation of carbide-free bainite. Theoretical calculations show experimentally measured austenite fractions are difficult to explain based upon a mechanism involving solely bainite formation. Carbon partitioning from martensite provides a more satisfactory explanation, although the formation of bainite during partitioning cannot be completely excluded. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Clarke, A. J.; Hackenberg, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Clarke, A. J.; Speer, J. G.; Matlock, D. K.; Clarke, K. D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Edmonds, D. V.] Univ Leeds, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Rizzo, F. C.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Mat Sci & Met, BR-22543900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [De Moor, E.] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Lab Iron & Steelmaking, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. RP Clarke, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aclarke@lanl.gov RI de moor, emmanuel/E-9373-2012; Clarke, Kester/R-9976-2016; OI de moor, emmanuel/0000-0001-6538-1121; Hackenberg, Robert/0000-0002-0380-5723 NR 26 TC 131 Z9 153 U1 12 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.08.051 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 244DW UT WOS:000251847200003 ER PT J AU Chandler, MQ Horstemeyer, MF Baskes, MI Gullett, PM Wagner, GJ Jelinek, B AF Chandler, Mel. Q. Horstemeyer, M. F. Baskes, M. I. Gullett, P. M. Wagner, G. J. Jelinek, B. TI Hydrogen effects on nanovoid nucleation in face-centered cubic single-crystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; nanovoid; Monte Carlo; molecular dynamics ID STAINLESS-STEEL; FRACTURE PROCESSES; VOID NUCLEATION; LATTICE-DEFECTS; LENGTH SCALE; DEFORMATION; CRACKING; GROWTH; NICKEL; EMBRITTLEMENT AB Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using embedded atom method (EAM) potentials were performed to study nanovoid nucleation in single-crystal nickel specimens in a hydrogen-precharged and a hydrogen dynamically-charged condition. In the hydrogen-precharged condition, MC simulations were performed to introduce hydrogen atoms in an unstressed specimen. MD simulations were then performed to study nanovoid nucleation and the associated plasticity. In the dynamically-charged condition, a novel coupled MD-MC process was used to introduce hydrogen into the specimen while the specimen was being strained until nanovoid nucleation occurred. The simulation results revealed that hydrogen only reduced the nanovoid nucleation stress in the precharged case slightly but caused a lower strain-hardening and a significant reduction in the nanovoid nucleation stress in the dynamically-charged case. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chandler, Mel. Q.] USA, Eng Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Horstemeyer, M. F.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Baskes, M. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gullett, P. M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wagner, G. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Jelinek, B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Chandler, MQ (reprint author), USA, Eng Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Mei.Q.Chandler@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Jelinek, Bohumir/C-4376-2008; Wagner, Gregory/I-4377-2015; OI Jelinek, Bohumir/0000-0002-2622-4235; Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.012 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 244DW UT WOS:000251847200012 ER PT J AU Caballero, FG Miller, MK Garcia-Mateo, C Capdevila, C Babu, SS AF Caballero, F. G. Miller, M. K. Garcia-Mateo, C. Capdevila, C. Babu, S. S. TI Redistribution of alloying elements during tempering of a nanocrystalline steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE tempering; atom probe field ion microscopy (AP-FIM); bainitic steels; phase transformations ID NI-C MARTENSITES; BAINITE TRANSFORMATION; CARBIDE PRECIPITATION; ATOM-PROBE; SILICON STEEL; FE-C; AUSTENITE AB Redistribution of alloying elements during tempering of a novel nanocrystalline steel consisting of a mixture of lower bainitic ferrite and carbon-enriched retained austenite has been analyzed by atom probe tomography. Three physical processes, namely redistribution of substitutional solute across the austenite/bainitic ferrite interface before retained austenite decomposition, redistribution of solute across the lower bainite cementite/ferrite interface, and the precipitation of transition carbides and cementite, have been observed. Results suggest that retained austenite decomposes during tempering before full equilibrium is reached at the interface. Moreover, cementite precipitates from supersaturated ferrite via a paraequilibrium transformation mechanism. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.; Capdevila, C.] CSIC, CENIM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Babu, S. S.] Edison Welding Inst, Tech Div, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), CSIC, CENIM, Avda Gregorio Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM fgc@cenim.csic.es RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; Capdevila, Carlos/B-6970-2015; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008; OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Capdevila, Carlos/0000-0002-1869-4085; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero, Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 188 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.018 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255VN UT WOS:000252686100004 ER PT J AU Lim, H Yu, Y Glimm, J Li, XL Sharp, DH AF Lim, H. Yu, Y. Glimm, J. Li, X. L. Sharp, D. H. TI Chaos, transport and mesh convergence for fluid mixing SO ACTA MATHEMATICAE APPLICATAE SINICA-ENGLISH SERIES LA English DT Article DE Schmidt number; mass diffusion; turbulence; multiphase flow ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; ISENTROPIC GAS-DYNAMICS; LAX-FRIEDRICHS SCHEME; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CONSERVATION-LAWS; SCALAR AB Chaotic mixing of distinct fluids produces a convoluted structure to the interface separating these fluids. For miscible fluids (as considered here), this interface is defined as a 50% mass concentration isosurface. For shock wave induced (Richtmyer-Meshkov) instabilities, we find the interface to be increasingly complex as the computational mesh is refined. This interfacial chaos is cut off by viscosity, or by the computational mesh if the Kolmogorov scale is small relative to the mesh. In a regime of converged interface statistics, we then examine mixing, i.e. concentration statistics, regularized by mass diffusion. For Schmidt numbers significantly larger than unity, typical of a liquid or dense plasma, additional mesh refinement is normally needed to overcome numerical mass diffusion and to achieve a converged solution of the mixing problem. However, with the benefit of front tracking and with an algorithm that allows limited interface diffusion, we can assure convergence uniformly in the Schmidt number. We show that different solutions result from variation of the Schmidt number. We propose subgrid viscosity and mass diffusion parameterizations which might allow converged solutions at realistic grid levels. C1 [Lim, H.; Yu, Y.; Glimm, J.; Li, X. L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Sharp, D. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lim, H (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hyulim@ams.sunysb.edu; yan2000@ams.sunysb.edu; glimm@ams.sunysb.edu; linli@ams.sunysb.edu; dcso@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0168-9673 J9 ACTA MATH APPL SIN-E JI Acta Math. Appl. Sin.-Engl. Ser. PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s10255-008-8019-8 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 333UN UT WOS:000258178200002 ER PT J AU Bosman, M Casado, P Dam, M Demers, S Igonkina, O Osuna, C Perez, E Soluk, R Strom, D Torrence, E Watson, A Xella, S AF Bosman, M. Casado, P. Dam, M. Demers, S. Igonkina, O. Osuna, C. Perez, E. Soluk, R. Strom, D. Torrence, E. Watson, A. Xella, S. TI Implementation and performance of the tau trigger in the ATLAS experiment SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Physics in Collision CY JUN 26-29, 2007 CL Annecy, FRANCE SP CNRS, Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules, Univ Savoie, CEA, Reg Rhone Alpes, Minist Jeunesse, Educ Natl & Rech, LAPP AB This note presents the ATLAS trigger for taus, which is a challenging task in the LHC enviroment with its hard limitations on event processing time and rate of the output events which can be recorded. C1 [Bosman, M.; Casado, P.; Osuna, C.; Perez, E.] IFAE, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Dam, M.; Xella, S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Demers, S.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Igonkina, O.; Strom, D.; Torrence, E.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Soluk, R.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada. [Watson, A.] Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Bosman, M (reprint author), IFAE, Barcelona 08193, Spain. RI Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014 OI Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PY 2008 SU 2 BP 421 EP 423 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 305DU UT WOS:000256158800036 ER PT J AU Nachtman, J AF Nachtman, Jane CA CDF Collaborat D0 Collaborat TI Collider searches for physics beyond the Standard Model SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Physics in Collision CY JUN 26-29, 2007 CL Annecy, FRANCE SP CNRS, Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules, Univ Savoie, CEA, Reg Rhone Alpes, Minist Jeunesse, Educ Natl & Rech, LAPP AB On the eve of the LHC startup, I review the current results from the highest energy colliders in operation, the Tevatron and HERA. Searches for physics beyond the Standard Model are presented, encompassing a wide variety of models and methods. C1 [Nachtman, Jane] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Nachtman, Jane] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Nachtman, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PY 2008 SU 2 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 305DU UT WOS:000256158800037 ER PT S AU McCall, SK Fluss, MJ Chung, BW Haire, RG AF McCall, Scott K. Fluss, Michael J. Chung, Brandon W. Haire, Richard G. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Influence of radiation damage and isochronal annealing on the magnetic susceptibility of Pu1-xAmx alloys SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID DELTA-PLUTONIUM; SELF-IRRADIATION; PU; RESISTIVITY; ELECTRONS; ALPHA; METAL; HEAT AB Results of radiation damage in Pu and Pu1-xAmx alloys studied with magnetic susceptibility, chi(T), and resistivity are presented. Damage accumulated at low temperatures increases chi(T) for all measured alloys, with the trend generally enhanced as the lattice expands. There is a trend towards saturation observable in the damage induced magnetic susceptibility data. that is not evident in similar damage induced resistivity data taken on the same specimen. A comparison of isochronal annealing curves measured by both resistivity and magnetic susceptibility on a 4.3at% Ga stabilized delta-Pu specimen show that Stage I annealing, where interstitials begin to move, is largely transparent to the magnetic measurement. This indicates that interstitials have little impact on the damage induced increase in the magnetic susceptibility. The isochronal annealing curves of the Pu1-xAmx alloys do not show distinct annealing stages as expected for alloys. However, samples near 20% Am concentration show an unexpected increase in magnetization beginning when specimens are annealed to 35K. This behavior is also reflected in a time dependent increase in the magnetic susceptibility of damaged specimens indicative of first order kinetics. These results suggest there may be a metastable phase induced by radiation damage and annealing in Pu1-xAmx alloys. C1 [McCall, Scott K.; Fluss, Michael J.; Chung, Brandon W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMELS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McCall, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMELS, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014; Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 OI McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944; NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500003 ER PT S AU Jeffries, JR Blobaum, KJM Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Jeffries, Jason R. Blobaum, Kerri J. M. Wall, Mark A. Schwartz, Adam J. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Ambient-temperature conditioning as a probe of double-C transformation mechanisms in Pu-2.0 at. % Ga SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID ALLOYS; PHASE AB The gallium-stabilized Pu-2.0 at. % Ga alloy undergoes a partial or incomplete low-temperature martensitic transformation from the metastable delta phase to the gallium-containing, monoclinic alpha' phase near -100 degrees C. This transformation has been shown to occur isothermally and it displays anomalous double-C kinetics in a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram, where two nose temperatures anchoring an upper- and lower-C describe minima in the time for the initiation of transformation. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the double C behavior are currently unresolved, although recent experiments suggest that a conditioning treatment-wherein, following an anneal at 375 degrees C, the sample is held at a sub-anneal temperature for a period of time-significantly influences the upper-C of the TTT diagram. As such, elucidating the effects of the conditioning treatment upon the delta ->alpha' transformation can provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the double-C kinetics of the transition. Following a high-temperature anneal, a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to establish an optimal conditioning curve that depicts the amount of alpha' formed during the transformation as a function of conditioning temperature for a specified time. With the optimal conditioning curve as a baseline, the DSC was used to explore the circumstances under which the effects of the conditioning treatment were destroyed, resulting in little or no transformation. C1 [Jeffries, Jason R.; Blobaum, Kerri J. M.; Wall, Mark A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jeffries, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500004 ER PT S AU Jeffries, JR Blobaum, KJM Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Jeffries, Jason R. Blobaum, Kerri J. M. Wall, Mark A. Schwartz, Adam J. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Enabling the double-C curve in Pu-Ga alloy time-temperature-transformation diagrams SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS AB Under ambient conditions, a Pu-2.0 at.% Ga alloy is retained in the metastable 8 phase. Upon cooling to approximately -120 degrees C, the face-centered-cubic delta phase partially transforms to the metastable monoclinic alpha' phase via a martensitic transformation. The kinetics of the delta -> alpha' transformation are reported to have double-C curve kinetics in a time-temperature-transformation (M) diagram, but the mechanisms responsible for this unusual behavior are not understood. Our work focuses on determining the underlying cause of the two noses. Optical microscopy has been used to investigate the role of "conditioning"-an isothermal hold at sub-anneal temperatures-on the delta -> alpha' transformation and to illuminate any disparities in transformation products. Conditioning was found to affect substantially the amount of transformation that occurs at particular points corresponding to both the upper- and lower-C of the M diagram. C1 [Jeffries, Jason R.; Blobaum, Kerri J. M.; Wall, Mark A.; Schwartz, Adam J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jeffries, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500005 ER PT S AU Soderlind, P AF Soderlind, Per BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Quantifying the importance of orbital over spin correlations in delta-Pu within density-functional theory SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID MAGNETISM AB The electronic structure of plutonium is studied within the density-functional theory (DFT) model. Key features of the electronic structure are correctly modeled and bonding, total energy, and electron density of states are all consistent with measure data, although the prediction of magnetism is not consistent with many observations. Here we analyze the contributions to the electronic structure arising from spin polarization, orbital polarization, and spin-orbit interaction. These effects give rise to spin and orbital moments that are of nearly equal magnitude, but anti-parallel, suggesting a magnetic-moment cancellation with a zero total moment. Quantifying the spin versus orbital effects on the bonding, total energy, and electron spectra it becomes clear that the spin polarization is much less important than the orbital correlations. Consequently, a restricted DFT approach with a non-spin polarized electronic structure can produce reasonable equation-of-state and electron spectra for delta-Pu when the orbital effects are accounted for. Hence, we present two non-magnetic models. One in which the spin moment is canceled by the orbital moment and another in which the spin moment (and therefore the orbital moment) is restricted to zero. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500006 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX McMahan, AK Jone, MD Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ Wills, JM Albers, RC AF Zhu, Jian-Xin McMahan, A. K. Jone, M. D. Durakiewicz, T. Joyce, J. J. Wills, J. M. Albers, R. C. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Theoretical studies of spectral properties of plutonium SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID DELTA-PU; 5F STATES; ACTINIDES AB By combining the local density approximation (LDA) with dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), we report a systematic analysis of the spectral properties of delta-plutonium with varying 5f occupancy. The LDA Hamiltonian is extracted from a tight-binding (TB) fit to full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) calculations. The DMFT equations are solved by the exact quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method and the Hubbard-I approximation. We show the strong sensitivity of the spectral properties to the 5f occupancy, which suggests using this occupancy as a fitting parameter in addition to the Hubbard U. By comparing with PES data, we conclude that the "open shell" 5f(5) configuration gives the best agreement, resolving the controversy over 5f "open shell" versus "close shell" atomic configurations in delta-Pu. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin; Durakiewicz, T.; Joyce, J. J.; Wills, J. M.; Albers, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500009 ER PT S AU Tam, SW Liu, Y AF Tam, Shiu-Wing Liu, Yung BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Pu-bearing materials - From fundamental science to storage standards SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE; OXIDES; SPECIATION; PUO2+X AB The behavior of plutonium (Pu) oxides in the presence of water/moisture in a confined space and the associated issues of hydrogen and oxygen generation due to radiolysis have important implications for the storage and transportation of Pu-bearing materials. This paper reviews the results of recent studies of gas generation in the Pu-O-H system, including the determination of release rates via engineering-scale measurement. The observations of the significant differences in gas generation behavior between "pure" Pu-bearing materials and those that contain salt impurities are addressed. In conjunction with the discussion of these empirical observations, this work also addresses recent scientific advances in the investigations of the Pu-O-H system using state-of-the-art ab initio electronic structure calculations, as well as advanced synchrotron techniques to determine the electronic structure of the various Pu-containing phases. The role of oxidizing species such as the hydroxyl radical from the radiolysis of water is examined. Discussed also is the challenge in the predictive ab-initio calculations of the electronic structure of the Pu-H-O system, due to the nature of the 5f valence electrons in Pu. Coupled with the continuing material surveillance program, it is anticipated that this work may help determine the electronic structure of the various Pu-containing phases and the role of impurity salts on gas generation and the long-term stability of oxygen/hydrogen-containing plutonium oxides beyond PuO2. C1 [Tam, Shiu-Wing; Liu, Yung] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tam, SW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 900,MS-12, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500014 ER PT S AU Harrup, MK Peterman, DR Greenhalgh, MR Luther, TA Klaehn, J AF Harrup, Mason K. Peterman, Dean R. Greenhalgh, Mitchell R. Luther, Thomas A. Klaehn, John BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Comparison of aromatic dithiophosphinic and phosphinic acid derivatives for minor actinide extraction SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID TRIVALENT ACTINIDES; LANTHANIDES; SEPARATION; CYANEX-301; STABILITY AB A new extractant for the separation of actinide(III) and lanthanide(III), bis(o-trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphinic acid (O-PA) was synthesized. The synthetic route employed mirrors one that was employed to produce the sulfur containing analog bis(o-trifluoromethylphenyl)dithiophosphinic acid (S-PA). Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy was used for elementary characterization of the new O-PA derivative. This new O-PA extractant was used to perform Am(III)/Eu(III) separations and the results were directly compared to those obtained in identical separation experiments using S-PA, an extractant that is known to exhibit separation factors of similar to 100,000 at low pH. The separations data are presented and discussed in terms comparing the nature of the oxygen atom as a donor to that of the sulfur atom in extractants that are otherwise identical. C1 [Harrup, Mason K.; Peterman, Dean R.; Greenhalgh, Mitchell R.; Luther, Thomas A.; Klaehn, John] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Harrup, MK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500017 ER PT S AU Wang, W Zhang, H Liu, GK AF Wang, Wei Zhang, Hong Liu, Guokui BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Orbital hybridization in uranium compounds and its influence on electronic properties SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID RARE-EARTH IONS; VIBRONIC TRANSITIONS; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; INTENSITIES AB Computational analysis and modeling of spectroscopic properties of trivalent uranium in crystals of hexagonal symmetry have been conducted with inclusion of the crystal-field induced orbital hybridization between the 5f(3) and 5f(2)6d configurations. It is shown that, in the absorption spectrum with energy above 20,000 cm(-1), the mixing of 5f(3) and 5f(2)6d states is significant. The spectrum in this region cannot be interpreted by the conventional model of crystal field theory. The Judd-Ofelt theory fails completely in predicating the intensities of optical absorption from the ground state to the configuration mixed excited states. A new Hamiltonian including the odd ranks of crystal field interaction is diagonalized on the bases of all 5f3 and 5f(2)6d states. A simulation of absorption spectrum is optimized in comparison with the experimental spectrum for determination of the Hamiltonian parameters. C1 [Wang, Wei; Zhang, Hong; Liu, Guokui] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500018 ER PT S AU van der Laan, G Moore, KT AF van der Laan, Gerrit Moore, Kevin Thomas BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Spin-orbit coupling versus exchange interaction in actinide metals SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; GROUND-STATE; SUM-RULES; SPECTRA; DICHROISM; PLUTONIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATION; MOMENTS; VALENCE AB The electronic structure of the actinide metals, Th, U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm, is investigated using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope, together with many-electron spectral calculations. At the N(4,5) edge, sum rule analysis gives the angular part of the spin-orbit interaction per hole, showing that while light metals (Th and U) follow LS coupling, heavier metals (Pu, Am, and Cm) follow intermediate coupling of the 5f states. The intermediate coupling is near the jj limit for Pu and Am, but strongly shifted towards the LS coupling limit for Cm. At the 04,5 edge many-electron spectral calculations show that the prepeak corresponds to a "forbidden" transition. C1 [van der Laan, Gerrit] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Moore, Kevin Thomas] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP van der Laan, G (reprint author), Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RI van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500020 ER PT S AU Janousch, M Copping, R Tyliszczak, T Castro-Rodriguez, I Shuh, DK AF Janousch, Markus Copping, Roy Tyliszczak, Tolek Castro-Rodriguez, Ingrid Shuh, David K. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Scanning transmission x-ray spectromicroscopy of actinide complexes SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; IMIDAZOLE; CHEMISTRY AB The fundamental characterization and understanding of 5f electron behavior in actinide complexes is imperative to provide an enhanced basis for the rational and accelerated development of improved processes relevant to nuclear energy. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy utilizing the scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source-Molecular Environmental Science (ALS-MES) Beamline 11.0.2 has been used to probe the electronic characteristics of a nitrogen donor ligand 2,6-Bis(2-benzimidazyl)pyridine (BBP) and its resulting U(IV) complex. The nitrogen K- and carbon K-edges have been collected from both ligand and uranium complex, as well as the uranium 4d-edge from the complex. Upon complexation, the light element absorption spectra change markedly and the uranium spectra from the complex is compared to the reference spectrum obtained from U(IV)Cl-4. The evolution of the spectral features are described and interpreted within a simple conceptual framework. Based on spectral evidence alone, the uranium is bound through the pyridine-like nitrogens and the oxidation state of the uranium is consistent with a U(IV) species. C1 [Janousch, Markus; Copping, Roy; Tyliszczak, Tolek; Castro-Rodriguez, Ingrid; Shuh, David K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Janousch, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Janousch, Markus/B-3285-2010 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500021 ER PT S AU Tobin, JG Yu, SW AF Tobin, J. G. Yu, S. W. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Soft X-ray studies of Pu electronic structure: Past lessons and future directions SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID STATES; 5F C1 [Tobin, J. G.; Yu, S. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500022 ER PT S AU Tobin, JG Yu, SW Chung, BW Morton, SA Komesu, T Waddill, GD AF Tobin, J. G. Yu, S. W. Chung, B. W. Morton, S. A. Komesu, T. Waddill, G. D. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI The utilization of spin polarized photoelectron spectroscopy as a probe of electron correlation with an ultimate goal of Pu SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID VALENCE; CE C1 [Tobin, J. G.; Yu, S. W.; Chung, B. W.; Morton, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500023 ER PT S AU Chung, BW Thompson, SR Hiromoto, DS AF Chung, Brandon W. Thompson, Stephen R. Hiromoto, David S. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Physical property changes in aging plutonium alloys SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA AB Plutonium, because of its self-irradiation by alpha decay, ages by means of lattice damage and helium in-growth. These integrated aging effects result in microstructural and physical property changes. Because these effects would normally require decades to measure, studies are underway to asses the effects of extended aging on the physical properties of plutonium alloys by incorporating roughly 7.5 wt% of highly specific activity isotope Pu-238 into weapons-grade plutonium to accelerate the aging process. This paper presents updated results of self-irradiation effects on enriched and reference alloys measured from immersion density, dilatometry, and mechanical tests. After nearly 90 equivalent years of aging, both the immersion density and dilatometry show that the enriched alloys at 35 degrees C have decreased in density by similar to 0.19% and now exhibit a near linear density decrease, without void swelling. Both tensile and compression measurements show that the aging process continues to increase the strength of plutonium alloys. C1 [Chung, Brandon W.; Thompson, Stephen R.; Hiromoto, David S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chung, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500025 ER PT S AU Mattigod, S Wellman, D Glovack, J Arey, B Wood, M AF Mattigod, Shas Wellman, Dawn Glovack, Julie Arey, Bruce Wood, Marcus BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Meta-autunite solubility as related to uranium minerals in concrete waste forms SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID CEMENT; COMPLEXES AB Previous in situ examination of U(VI) spiked concrete indicated that uranyloxyhydroxide phases that were initially formed, later led to the formation of mixed uranyloxyhydroxide/silicates, which subsequently transformed into uranyl-silicates, and finally altered into mixed uranyl-silicate/phosphate and uranyl-phospbate phases. We conducted solubility studies of the identified final uranyl-phosphate phase (calcium meta-autunite) in phosphate solutions ranging in concentration from 0.001 - 0.1 M as a function of pH. These studies indicated a secondary phosphate phase that formed during the solubility of meta-autunite regulated the uranium concentrations at relatively low levels under high pH conditions (> 12) typically encountered in cement pore waters. The importance of uranyl-phosphate minerals in concrete waste forms has, to date, been neglected because of the minimal amount of phosphorus present in most concrete compositions. However, because concrete is a continuously reacting solid, the thermodynamic stability of uranyl minerals that form at the later stages of reaction may have a substantial impact on the long-term fate of uranium in the waste forms. This study suggests that any future investigations should consider the potential benefit of including phosphorus in concrete waste forms. C1 [Mattigod, Shas; Wellman, Dawn; Arey, Bruce] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Mattigod, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500026 ER PT S AU Valone, S AF Valone, Steve BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Toward modeling charge-defect reactions at the atomistic level SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID VALENCE; ENERGY; FIELD AB Defect reactions involving charged species are commonplace in nuclear fuels fabrication and bum-up. Even the simplest of these fuels, uranium dioxide (UO2), typically involves the nominal charge states of +3, +4, and +5 or +6 in U and -1 and -2 states in 0. Simulations that attempt to model evolutionary processes in the fuels require tracking changes among these charge states. At the atomistic level, modeling defect reactions poses a particularly vexing problem, Typical potential energy surfaces do not have this type of physical phenomena built into them. Those models that do attempt to model charge-defect reactions do not have especially strong physical bases for the models. For instance, most do not obey established limits of charge behavior at dissociation or lack internal consistency. This work presents substantial generalizations to earlier work of Perdew et al. No matter the size of the system, total system hamiltonians can be decomposed into subsystem or site hamiltonians and coulombic interactions. Site hamiltonians can be evaluated in a spectral representation, once an integer number of electrons are assigned. For both pair and individual site hamiltonians a dilemma emerges in that many sites are better understood as possessing a fractional charge. The dilemma is how to weight the site integer-charge states in a physically consistent manner. One approach to solving the dilemma results in two distinct charge-dependent energy contributions emerge, arising from intra- and inter-subsystem charge transfer. Further analysis results in a model of the intra-subsystem charge-transfer that can accommodate the mixed valence states of either U or O in nuclear fuels. Mixed valence properties add complications to the model that originate in the phenomenological fact that it typically requires different amounts of energy to increase or decrease charge. As a result of the inherent complexity one has the option of using multiple charges, a concept with strong ties to shell models, or modeling parameters not directly related to charge as functions of charge. This latter approach is illustrated by invoking a minimization principle that does preserve the important dissociation limits of Perdew et al., in order to complete the model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Grp MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valone, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Grp MST 8, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500032 ER PT S AU Migliori, A Mihut-Stroe, I Betts, JB AF Migliori, Albert Mihut-Stroe, Izabella Betts, Jon B. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Plutonium elastic moduli, electron localization, and temperature SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA AB In almost all materials, compression is accompanied naturally by stiffening. Even in materials with zero or negative thermal expansion, where warming is accompanied by volume contraction it is the volume change that primarily controls elastic stiffness. Not so in the metal plutonium. In plutonium, alloying with gallium can change the sign of thermal expansion, but for the positive-thermal-expansion monoclinic phase as well as the face-centered-cubic phase with either sign of thermal expansion, and the orthorhombic phase, recent measurements of elastic moduli show soften on warming by an order of magnitude more than expected, the shear and compressional moduli track, and volume seems irrelevant. These effects point toward a novel mechanism for electron localization, and have important implication for the pressure dependence of the bulk compressibility. C1 [Migliori, Albert; Mihut-Stroe, Izabella; Betts, Jon B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS E 536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500034 ER PT S AU Berg, JM Wilkerson, MP AF Berg, John M. Wilkerson, Marianne P. BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Excitation energy dependence in near-infrared photoluminescence spectra and dynamics of PuO22+ in Cs2U(Pu)O2Cl4 SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA AB Recently we reported the observation of near-infrared photoluminescence from metal-centered 5f electronic excited states of PuO22+ doped into polycrystalline Cs2U(Pu)O2Cl4.[1] Photoluminescence dynamics following pulsed excitation show complicated decay patterns suggesting that multiple luminescent states are involved. Here we report the results of two recent sets of experiments showing that photoluminescence processes depend significantly on the energy of photoexcitation. In the first case, decay kinetics following excitation at a lower energy are missing an in-growth term that is present when exciting at higher energy. In the second case, we have observed that lower excitation energy produces significantly reduced number of emission transitions than higher excitation energy. Both observations suggest that higher energy excitation populates feeder states that decay to emitting states, causing signal from the latter to have an in-growth followed by a decay characteristic of their intrinsic lifetimes, whereas lower energy excitation leads to more direct population of luminescent states. C1 [Berg, John M.; Wilkerson, Marianne P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berg, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500035 ER PT S AU Manley, M AF Manley, Michael BE Shuh, DK Chung, BW AlbrechtSchmitt, T Gouder, T Thompson, JD TI Intrinsically localized modes in uranium and the prospect for finding them in plutonium SO ACTINIDES 2008 - BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides 2008 - Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID ALPHA-URANIUM; BREATHERS; CRYSTALS; STATES AB Dynamic nonlinear localization, an emerging new area of materials physics, has the potential to fundamentally change our understanding of materials properties. These intrinsically localized modes (ILM) have been found forming in uranium above about 450 K. Comparisons with data from the literature shows that these ILMs influence many properties, including heat capacity, thermal transport, thermal expansion, and mechanical deformation. The existence of ILMs helps to explain many anomalies in uranium, some of which have been known for more than fifty years. Here, the possibility that ILMs may also play a role in the properties of plutonium is considered. The mechanism helps to explain the success of an "Invar-like" two-level model for the thermal expansion of Pu without the need to invoke local magnetic states, which have been ruled out experimentally. It also helps to explain an excitation observed in delta-plutonium that has energy consistent with the two-level model, but momentum dependence consistent with lattice vibrations. This excitation, energy and momentum dependence, is consistent with the non-equilibrium generation of ILMs and the thermal excitation properties of these ILMs are consistent with a two-level model. High-temperature inelastic x-rays scattering measurements of the phonon dispersion curves of delta-plutonium are needed to test this hypothesis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Manley, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 808,Mailstop L-356, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-074-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1104 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BIE47 UT WOS:000258911500036 ER PT S AU Bauman, BJ Ebstein, S AF Bauman, Brian J. Ebstein, Steven BE Hubin, N Max, CE Wizinowich, PL TI Concept for Laser Guide Star Dynamic Refocusing Using Rotating Phase Plates SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Dynamic refocusing; laser guide star; perspective elongation; wavefront sensor; pulsed laser; adaptive optics; extremely large telescope; Alvarez lens AB Laser guide star wavefront sensors (WFS) using pulsed lasers can benefit from dynamic refocusing techniques which synchronously adjust the focus of the wavefront as the light returns from the scattering layer so as to maintain a constant axial image location. Existing techniques involve pulsating discrete mirrors and high-speed segmented MEMS in the WFS path. A different approach is presented here, which uses a pair of rotating phase plates with cylindrical or Alvarez-lens-style tracks near the WFS pupil. Rotational speeds and disk sizes similar to that used for compact disc operation are proposed. The plates can be manufactured by numerical machining of transparent plastic materials or as diffractive components. C1 [Bauman, Brian J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94539 USA. RP Bauman, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94539 USA. EM bauman3@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7225-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7015 AR 70151M DI 10.1117/12.789893 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BIP09 UT WOS:000261491700041 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Thomas, S Gavel, D Dillon, D Macintosh, B AF Evans, Julia W. Thomas, Sandrine Gavel, Donald Dillon, Daren Macintosh, Bruce BE Hubin, N Max, CE Wizinowich, PL TI Contrast analysis and stability on the ExAO testbed SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Adaptive Optics; MEMS; Extreme Adaptive Optics; High-contrast imaging; Coronagraphy ID WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; LABORATORY DEMONSTRATION; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; CORONAGRAPHY; APERTURES AB High-contrast adaptive optics systems, such as those needed to image extrasolar planets, are known to require excellent wavefront control and diffraction suppression. The Laboratory for Adaptive Optics at UC Santa Cruz is investigating limits to high-contrast imaging in support of the Gemini Planet Imager. Previous contrast measurements were made with a simple single-opening prolate spheroid shaped pupil that produced a limited region of high-contrast, particularly when wavefront, errors were corrected with the 1024-actuator Boston Micromachines MEMS deformable mirror currently in use on the testbed. A more sophisticated shaped pupil is now being used that has a much larger region of interest facilitating a better understanding of high-contrast measurements. In particular we examine the effect of heat Sources in the testbed on PSF stability. We find that rms image motion scales as 0.02 lambda/D per watt when the heat source is near the pupil plane. As a result heat sources of greater than 5 watts should be avoided near pupil planes for GPI. The safest place to introduce heat is near a focal plane. Heat also can effect the standard deviation of the high-contrast region but in the final instrument other sources of error should be more significant. C1 [Evans, Julia W.; Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7225-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7015 AR 70156K DI 10.1117/12.789452 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BIP09 UT WOS:000261491700181 ER PT S AU Poyneer, LA Veran, JP AF Poyneer, Lisa A. Veran, Jean-Pierre BE Hubin, N Max, CE Wizinowich, PL TI Towards feasible and effective predictive wavefront control for adaptive optics SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Adaptive Optics; predictive control; wavefront control ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; CONTROL LAW AB We have recently proposed Predictive Fourier Control, a computationally efficient and adaptive algorithm for predictive wavefront control that assumes frozen flow turbulence. We summarize refinements to the state-space model that allow operation with arbitrary computational delays and reduce the computational cost of solving for new control. We present initial atmospheric characterization using observations with Gemini North's Altair AO system. These observations, taken over I year, indicate that frozen flow is exists, contains substantial power, and is strongly detected 94% of the time. C1 [Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7225-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7015 AR 70151E DI 10.1117/12.790111 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BIP09 UT WOS:000261491700036 ER PT B AU Calbi, MM Cole, MW Gatica, SM Bojan, MJ Johnson, JK AF Calbi, M. Mercedes Cole, Milton W. Gatica, Silvina M. Bojan, Mary J. Johnson, J. Karl BE Bottani, EJ Tascon, JMD TI ADSORBED GASES IN BUNDLES OF CARBON NANOTUBES: THEORY AND SIMULATION SO ADSORPTION BY CARBONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE-WALLED CARBON; ONE-DIMENSIONAL PHASE; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; HE-4; HELIUM; TRANSITIONS; ATOMS; NANOPORES; METHANE C1 [Calbi, M. Mercedes] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Cole, Milton W.; Gatica, Silvina M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bojan, Mary J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, J. Karl] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Johnson, J. Karl] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Calbi, MM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mcalbi@physics.siu.edu; cazorla@ua.es; gatica@phys.psu.edu; mjb@chem.psu.edu; karlj@puccini.che.pitt.edu NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055942-1; 978-0-08-044464-2 PY 2008 BP 187 EP 210 DI 10.1016/B978-008044464-2.50013-4 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCR54 UT WOS:000311102700011 ER PT J AU Johnson, JK Cole, MW AF Johnson, J. Karl Cole, Milton W. BE Bottani, EJ Tascon, JMD TI HYDROGEN ADSORPTION IN SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES SO ADSORPTION BY CARBONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; VAN-DER-WAALS; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; STORAGE CAPACITY; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; THEORETICAL EVALUATION; GRAPHITE NANOFIBERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; AB-INITIO C1 [Johnson, J. Karl] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Johnson, J. Karl] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Cole, Milton W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Johnson, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM karlj@puccini.che.pitt.edu; mwc@psu.edu NR 149 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055942-1 PY 2008 BP 369 EP 401 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCR54 UT WOS:000311102700017 ER PT S AU Waychunas, GA Jun, YS Eng, PJ Ghose, SK Trainor, TP AF Waychunas, Glenn A. Jun, Young-Shin Eng, Peter J. Ghose, Sanjit K. Trainor, Thomas P. BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Anion Sorption Topology on Hematite: Comparison of Arsenate and Silicate SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; IN-GROUND WATER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SIO4 LIGANDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; 0001 SURFACE; CHEMISTRY; DIFFRACTION; REFINEMENT; EXAFS AB Arsenate and silicate are tetrahedral anions that strongly sorb to positive Fe oxide surfaces over the pH range 2-7. Both are important agents for modification of Fe oxide surface reactivity, and notably passivate against other sorption reactions. Arsenate is a significant health hazard as a sorbed pollutant associated with acid mine drainage, while silicate is a common anion in natural solutions. Our aim is to understand the types of sorption complexes that form with these anions on different crystal faces, and whether polymerization occurs with the silicate units. Silicate polymerization could dramatically alter Fe oxide surface reactivity. The structural characterization is conducted using both grazing incidence extended X-ray absorption fine structure (GIEXAFS) at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) and the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), and surface diffraction (using crystal truncation rod (CTR) analysis) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). GIEXAFS yields interatomic distances from arsenic and silicon to their oxygen first neighbor shell and second Fe or other next neighbor shell, and thus allows identification of the local geometry of sorption. Polarized X-ray fine structure spectroscopy further allows determination of the orientation and density of the complexes on the various Fe surface planes. However, this information is incomplete as any response of the surface to sorption is not revealed, and hydrogen bonding and water molecule arrangement at the surface can be changed due to the sorption process. To access these we use CTR experiments and compare the results with samples without sorbed anions. GIEXAFS results for both hematite (0001) and (1 (1) over bar 02) planes show arsenate sorbed in two ways: bidentate binuclear and bidentate mononuclear. Most of the latter type of sorption geometry appears to be present on surface step edges on the (1 (1) over bar 02) surface, while there is little or no such attachment to the (1 (1) over bar 02) surface terraces. These results appear consistent with preliminary structural models obtained by CTR work for the clean and sorbed wet hematite surfaces, and further analysis is in progress. In the case of silicate, strong changes in the CTR are observed indicating considerable surface interactions. CTR measurements of the silicate on the (1 (1) over bar 02) surface of hematite suggest that a monodentate sorption geometry is more dominant than other possible sorption geometries. However GIEXAFS analysis done on analogous samples at the Si K-edge shows second shell contributions that are similar to amorphous silica, and are largely independent of sorption density. These results suggest that there are at least two kinds of silicate on the hematite surface: a chemically bound fraction present as a silicate-Fe3+ octahedral complex, and an incoherent portion which is not detectable by the CTR measurements but appears to dominate the GIEXAFS results. The complexed silicate on the hematite (1 (1) over bar 02) surface is linked by a single oxygen to surface Fe, i.e., a monodentate connection, with an interatomic Si-Fe distance close to those observed in the nontronite and acmite structures. This is the first evidence to our knowledge that identifies silicate as a well-defined sorption complex rather than only as an amorphous surface precipitate. More significantly, the monodentate complex is apparently favored over a more strongly bound bidentate complexation geometry, suggesting that polymerization at the interface may originate synchronously with sorption and be mitigated by the position of surface sites consistent with a polymerized network. These findings have important significance for the nature of passivation processes on Fe oxides and other important reactive natural surfaces. C1 [Waychunas, Glenn A.; Jun, Young-Shin] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab LBNL, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jun, Young-Shin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eng, Peter J.; Ghose, Sanjit K.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Waychunas, GA (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab LBNL, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GAWaychunas@lbl.gov NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7; 978-0-44-453212-1 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 31 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07002-4 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100003 ER PT S AU Kelly, SD Lu, P Bolin, T Chattopadhyay, S Newville, MG Shibata, T Zhu, C AF Kelly, Shelly D. Lu, Peng Bolin, Trudy Chattopadhyay, Soma Newville, Matthew G. Shibata, Tomohiro Zhu, Chen BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Molecular Structure of Lead(II) Coprecipitated with Iron(III) Oxyhydroxide SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; HYDROUS OXIDES; FINE-STRUCTURE; FERRIHYDRITE; SORPTION; IRON; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; COMPLEXATION AB Detailed knowledge of the uptake mechanisms of trace metals in geomedia is fundamental to environmental geochemical processes, particularly to the prediction of contaminant transport and mobility in geological media. We investigated the molecule structure by using macroscopic and microscopic structural probes including X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission and analytical electron microscopy (HRTEM-AEM), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The long-range crystalline properties of the PbFe coprecipitate, as measured by XRD, were consistent with poorly crystalline lepidocrocite and two-line ferrihydrite (2LFh). The particle size and shape of the PbFe coprecipitate, as measured by HRTEM, showed a mixture of spheres (2-6 nm in diameter) and needles (20-80 nm x 200-300 nm) composed of aggregated crystallites 2-3 nm in diameter. The local atomic structure about Pb and Fe in the PbFe coprecipitate was further elucidated through a series of EXAFS modeling efforts, including molecular moiety modeling, linear combination fitting, and co-refinement based on a FeO6 sheet structure for lepidocrocite. The larger atomic size of Pb as compared to Fe was accounted for in the model of the FeO6 sheet structure by displacing the PbO6 unit perpendicular to the sheet by 0.30 +/- 0.02 angstrom from the FeO6 unit position. The co-refinement of the Pb L-III-edge and the Fe K-edge EXAFS spectra with the same local atomic environment and the additional PbO6 displacement suggested that Pb formed a solid solution in the PbFe coprecipitate. The coprecipitation of Pb by Fe oxyhydroxides may decrease the mobility and bioavailability of Pb2+ by incorporating Pb into the Fe oxyhydroxide structure. C1 [Kelly, Shelly D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lu, Peng; Zhu, Chen] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Bolin, Trudy] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Sect BM 9, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Soma; Shibata, Tomohiro] Argonne Natl Lab, CSRRI IIT, MR CAT, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Newville, Matthew G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kelly, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM skelly@anl.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 67 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07003-6 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100004 ER PT S AU Kim, CS Lentini, CJ Waychunas, GA AF Kim, C. S. Lentini, C. J. Waychunas, G. A. BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Associations between Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticle Growth and Metal Adsorption/Structural Incorporation SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; GOETHITE-WATER INTERFACE; AQUEOUS ZN(II) SORPTION; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; ZINC SORPTION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-STRUCTURE; MINERAL/WATER INTERFACE; MERCURY(II) SORPTION AB The interaction of metal ions and oxyanions with nanoscale mineral phases has not been extensively studied despite the increased recognition of their prevalence in natural systems as a significant component of geomedia. A combination of macroscopic uptake studies to investigate the adsorption behavior of As(V), Cu(II), Hg(II), and Zn(II) onto nanoparticulate goethite (alpha-FeOOH) as a function of aging time at elevated temperature (75 degrees C) and synchrotron-based X-ray studies to track changes in both the sorption mode and the rate of nanoparticle growth reveals the effects that uptake has on particle growth. Metal(loid) species which sorb quickly to the iron oxyhydroxide particles (As(V), Cu(II)) appear to passivate the particle surface, impeding the growth of the nanoparticles with progressive aging; in contrast, species that sorb more slowly (Hg(II), Zn(II)) have considerably less impact on particle growth. Progressive changes in the speciation of these particular metals suggest shifts in the mode of metal uptake with time, possibly indicating structural incorporation of the metal(loid) into the nanoparticle; this is supported by the continued increase in uptake concomitant with particle growth, implying that metal species may transform from surface-sorbed species to more structurally incorporated forms. This type of incorporation would have implications for the long-term fate and mobility of metals in contaminated regions, and affect strategies for potential remediation/modeling efforts. C1 [Kim, C. S.; Lentini, C. J.] Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Waychunas, G. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. EM cskim@chapman.edu NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 153 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07006-1 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100007 ER PT S AU Srivastava, P Grafe, M Singh, B Balasubramanian, M AF Srivastava, Prashant Graefe, Markus Singh, Balwant Balasubramanian, Mahalingam BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Cadmium and Lead Desorption from Kaolinite SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; PB(II) SORPTION PRODUCTS; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; REACTION-KINETICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ORGANIC-ACIDS AB Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of aging and temperature on surface speciation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on kaolinite using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and column desorption experiments. Cd formed outer-sphere complexes on kaolinite and there were no detectable changes in XAFS fitting results due to aging and temperature. A decrease in Cd desorption after 60 days at 40 degrees C was observed along with small changes in the XAFS for this sample between 10 and 11 angstrom(-1), which could not be quantified using non-linear fitting. A significant decrease in Pb desorption from kaolinite was due to the formation of polynuclear Pb-hydroxide complexes, which with increased aging stabilized at the kaolinite surface. Increased stability coincided with greater Pb-Pb edge sharing, suggesting an increase in size of polynuclear complexes with age and temperature. The Pb desorption behavior showed that time was a more effective stabilizing factor than temperature, suggesting that polynuclear Pb complexes may undergo Ostwald ripening. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant; Graefe, Markus; Singh, Balwant] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Balasubramanian, Mahalingam] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, B (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM b.singh@acss.usyd.edu.au RI Srivastava, Prashant/E-6471-2011; Singh, Balwant/F-6481-2012 OI Srivastava, Prashant/0000-0002-6234-3987; Singh, Balwant/0000-0002-9751-2971 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 205 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07008-5 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100009 ER PT S AU Bond, DL Davis, JA Zachara, JM AF Bond, Deborah L. Davis, James A. Zachara, John M. BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Uranium(VI) Release from Contaminated Vadose Zone Sediments: Estimation of Potential Contributions from Dissolution and Desorption SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALCITE PRECIPITATION; HANFORD SEDIMENTS; FLUORESCENCE; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; U(VI); COPRECIPITATION; INHIBITION; MINERALS; KINETICS AB A key difficulty in developing accurate, science-based conceptual models for remediation of contaminated field sites is the proper accounting of multiple coupled geochemical and hydrologic processes. An example of such a difficulty is the separation of desorption and dissolution processes in releasing contaminants from sediments to groundwaters; very few studies are found in the literature that attempt to quantify contaminant release by these two processes. In this study, the results from several extraction techniques, isotopic exchange experiments, and published spectroscopic studies were combined to estimate the contributions of desorption and dissolution to U(VI) release from contaminated sediments collected from the vadose zone beneath former waste disposal ponds in the Hanford 300-Area (Washington State). Vertical profiles of sediments were collected at four locations from secondary pond surfaces down to, and slightly below, the water table. In three of the four profiles, uranium concentration gradients were observed in the sediments, with the highest U concentrations at the top of the profile. One of the vertical profiles contained sediments with U concentrations up to 4.2 x 10(-7) mol g(-1) (100 ppm). U(VI) release to artificial groundwater solutions (AGWs) and extracts from these high-U concentration sediments occurred primarily from dissolution of precipitated U(VI) minerals, including the mineral metatorbernite, [Cu(UO2PO4)(2)center dot 8H(2)O]. At the bottom of this profile, beneath the water table, and in all three of the other profiles, U concentrations were <5.88 x 10(-8) mol g(-1) (14 ppm), and U(VI) release to AGWs occurred primarily due to desorption of U(VI). When reacted in batch experiments with AGWs with compositions representative of the range of chemical conditions in the underlying aquifer, all samples released U(VI) at concentrations greater than regulatory limits within few hours. A semi-mechanistic surface complexation model was developed to describe U(VI) adsorption on sediments collected from near the water table, as a function of pH, alkalinity, and Ca and U(VI) concentrations, using ranges in these variables relevant to groundwater conditions in the aquifer. Dilute (bi) carbonate solution extractions and uranium isotopic exchange methods were capable of estimating adsorbed U(VI) in samples where U(VI) release was predominantly due to U(VI) desorption; these techniques were not effective at estimating adsorbed U(VI) where U(VI) release was affected by dissolution of U(VI) minerals. The combination of extraction and isotopic exchange results, spectroscopic studies, and surface complexation modeling allow an adequate understanding for the development of a geochemical conceptual model for U(VI) release to the aquifer. The overall approach has generic value for evaluating the potential for release of metals and radionuclides from sediments that contain both precipitated and adsorbed contaminant speciation. C1 [Bond, Deborah L.; Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bond, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7; 978-0-44-453212-1 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 375 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07014-0 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100015 ER PT S AU Sun, JG AF Sun, J. G. BE Schulz, U Lin, HT TI THERMAL IMAGING CHARACTERIZATION OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB In a three-layer thermal barrier coating (TBC) system consisting of a ceramic TBC topcoat, a bond coat, and a metallic substrate, a large disparity in thermal conductivity exists between the TBC and the substrate and, when TBC is debonded and air fills the gap, between the TBC and the air. For TBC system characterization, flash thermal imaging is effective because it involves nondestructive measurement of thermal properties. This paper describes a new thermal-imaging method for multilayer TBC characterization and imaging to simultaneously determine the TBC thickness, conductivity, and optical absorptance. This method directly accounts for the TBC translucency that has been a major issue in thermal imaging application for TBCs. Results from theoretical analyses and experimental measurements are presented and discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19634-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BQO23 UT WOS:000281438500006 ER PT S AU Hobbs, ML Adams, DP McDonald, JP AF Hobbs, M. L. Adams, D. P. McDonald, J. P. BE Sunden, B Brebbia, CA TI Heat transfer in reactive Co/Al nanolaminates SO ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTS IN HEAT TRANSFER X SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Computational Methods and Experiments in Heat Transfer CY JUL, 2008 CL Maribor, SLOVENIA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Lund Univ, Dev Heat Transfer Book Series DE Co/Al; gasless metal combustion; diffusion; nanolaminate ID MULTILAYERS AB Reaction front propagation rates of free standing multilayer thin foils of Co/Al have been determined using a diffusion limited reaction model by means of a method-of-lines code with a stiff solver and adaptive gridding. Predicted and measured reaction front speed variations with bilayer thickness, t(b), can be separated into three regimes. The three regimes are delineated by the critical bilayer thickness, t(b,c), and the bilayer thickness that produces the maximum front velocity, The critical bilayer is composed predominately of premixed or fully reacted CoxAly with a thickness of similar to 2.7 nm. The front velocity in the three regimes 1) is zero when 0 <= t(b) <= t(b,c) since there are no reactants 2) increases when t(b,c) < t(b) < t(b.max) since the reactant concentration increases with t(b) and 3) decreases when t(b.max) < t(b) since the diffusive resistance increases with t(b). The sensitivity of front velocity to property variation is discussed. Steady and oscillatory combustion are predicted for this material pair. C1 [Hobbs, M. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hobbs, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 978-1-84564-122-1 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2008 VL 61 BP 127 EP 136 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BIB02 UT WOS:000258026300012 ER PT S AU Shaw, MJ Watts, MR Nielson, GN AF Shaw, Michael J. Watts, Michael R. Nielson, Gregory N. BE Suleski, TJ Schoenfeld, WV Wang, JJ TI Fabrication techniques for creating a thermally isolated TM-FPA (thermal microphotonic focal plane array) - art. no. 688308 SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr DE waveguide; integrated optics devices; resonators; optical loss; silicon nitride; infrared sensing ID RESONATOR AB A novel fabrication strategy has produced optical microring-resonator-based thermal detectors. The detectors are based on the thermo-optic effect and are thermally isolated from a silicon wafer substrate so as to maximize the temperature excursion for a given amount of incident radiation and minimize the impact of thermal phonon noise. The combination of high-Q, thermal isolation, and lack of Johnson noise offers thermal microphotonic detectors the potential to achieve significantly greater room temperature sensitivity than standard bolometric techniques. Several batch fabrication strategies were investigated for producing thermal microphotonic detectors using waveguide materials such as LPCVD Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) on Oxide and Silicon on Insulator (SOI). Fabrication challenges and loss reduction strategies will be presented along with some initial infrared detection results. C1 [Shaw, Michael J.; Watts, Michael R.; Nielson, Gregory N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaw, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7058-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6883 BP 88308 EP 88308 DI 10.1117/12.764632 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHS43 UT WOS:000255942200007 ER PT S AU Chao, WL Anderson, EH Fischer, P Kim, DH AF Chao, Weilun Anderson, Erik H. Fischer, Peter Kim, Dong-Hyun BE Suleski, TJ Schoenfeld, WV Wang, JJ TI Towards sub-10 nm resolution zone plates using the overlay nanofabrication processes - art. no. 688309 SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr DE zone plates; spatial resolution; x-ray microscopy; electron beam lithography; overlay fabrication technique ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY MICROSCOPY AB Soft x-ray zone plate microscopy has proven to be a valuable imaging technique for nanoscale studies. It complements nano-analytic techniques such as electron and scanning probe microscopies. One of its key features is high spatial resolution. We developed an overlay nanofabrication process which allows zone plates of sub-20 nm zone widths to be fabricated. Zone plates of 15 nm outer zones were successfully realized using this process, and sub-15 nm resolution was achieved with these zone plates. We extend the overlay process to fabricating zone plates of 12 nm outer zones, which is expected to achieve 10 nm resolution. In addition, we have identified a pathway to realizing sub-10 nm resolution, high efficiency zone plates with tilted zones using the overlay process. C1 [Chao, Weilun; Anderson, Erik H.; Fischer, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chao, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7058-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6883 BP 88309 EP 88309 DI 10.1117/12.768878 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHS43 UT WOS:000255942200008 ER PT S AU Salmassi, F Anderson, CN Gullikson, EM Naulleau, PP AF Salmassi, Farhad Anderson, Christopher N. Gullikson, Eric M. Naulleau, Patrick P. BE Suleski, TJ Schoenfeld, WV Wang, JJ TI Spin-on-glass smoothing of diamond turned optics for use in the extreme ultraviolet regime - art. no. 68830F SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr DE extreme ultraviolet; multilayer; roughness; diamond turning; spin-on-glass resist AB Mirror substrates intended for use in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime have exceedingly stringent requirements on surface finish. Rendering a substrate reflective at EUV wavelength and near normal angles of incidence requires these mirrors to be coated with high-quality multilayer coatings forming a Bragg reflector. These coatings typically have period requirements on the order of 7 rim. It is evident that any appreciable roughness on this scale would destroy the resonant behavior the Bragg structures significantly degrading the reflectivity of the mirror. A rule of thumb is that approximately 2% reflectivity is lost per A of surface roughness on the substrate. These requirements significantly increase the cost and fabrication time for EUV optics. This is especially true when dealing with non-conventional shapes such as toroids and fly-eye mirrors. Here we present a spin-on-glass process capable of generating super-polished parts from inexpensive substrates. The method is used to render complex diamond-turned optics compatible for use in the EUV regime. The method is described in detail and experimental results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the process. Issues of figure control are also discussed. C1 [Salmassi, Farhad; Gullikson, Eric M.; Naulleau, Patrick P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmassi, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7058-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6883 BP F8830 EP F8830 DI 10.1117/12.769625 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHS43 UT WOS:000255942200012 ER PT S AU Cruz-Cabrera, AA Basilio, LI Peters, DW Wendt, JR Kemme, SA Samora, S AF Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Basilio, L. I. Peters, D. W. Wendt, J. R. Kemme, S. A. Samora, S. BE Suleski, TJ Schoenfeld, WV Wang, JJ TI Fabrication and testing of plasmonic optimized transmission and reflection coatings - art. no. 68830R SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr DE plasmonic; subwavelenoth; reflectivity; transmission; coatings; LWIR; MWIR; frequency selective surface AB We designed. fabricated, and tested surface-plasmon-based transmissive coatings in the MWIR (mid wave infrared) and LWIR (long wave infrared). This method offers certain advantages over current coatinas technologies such as thin-film stacks and two-dimensional surface structuring (e.g. motheyes) while exploring an entirely different physical mechanism for achieving transmission. Thin-film stack technology relies on interference between layers of the stack, and often many layers are required for high efficiency performance. Two-dimensional surface structuring can optimize transmission over a broad spectral and angular domain. Here the physical mechanism is an effective index matching between air and the substrate due to subwavelength surface features, such as tall pyramids. These pyramids must have a high-aspect ratio, resulting in a surface of many tall thin features, which may not be mechanically robust. In this work, we created a transmissive surface out of a metal skin perforated with an array of subwavelength apertures. The surface is the infrared analog of a frequency selective surface (FSS) common in the microwave regime. Such perforated metal surfaces are predicted to have nearly 100% transmission over selected wavelength and angular ranges. These ranges are determined by array geometry, period, and aperture size and shape, allowing the designer considerable freedom. Array geometry and aperture shape were investigated for tailoring spectral features. C1 [Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Basilio, L. I.; Peters, D. W.; Wendt, J. R.; Kemme, S. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cruz-Cabrera, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7058-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6883 BP R8830 EP R8830 DI 10.1117/12.763921 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHS43 UT WOS:000255942200022 ER PT S AU Kemme, SA Cruz-Cabrera, AA Peters, DW Ellis, AR Carter, TR Samora, S AF Kemme, S. A. Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Peters, D. W. Ellis, A. R. Carter, T. R. Samora, S. BE Suleski, TJ Schoenfeld, WV Wang, JJ TI Tailored surfaces for managing thermal emission: Plasmon/photon coupling using diffractive optics technology - art. no. 68830W SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr DE emission; absorption; plasmons; diffractive; subwavelength; gratings; infrared ID NEAR-INFRARED REGION AB We present simulations and measurements of a technology that can manipulate thermal angular and wavelength emission. This work is representative of Sandia National Laboratories' efforts to investigate advanced technologies that are not currently accessible for reasons such as risk, cost, or limited availability. The goal of this project is to demonstrate a passive thermal emission management surface that can tailor the direction of emission as well as the wavelength bands of emission. This new proposed technology enables thermal emission pattern management by structuring the surface. This structuring may be in either the lateral or depth dimension. A lateral structuring consists of a shallow grating on a metal surface. This air/metal interface allows photon/plasmon coupling, which has been shown to coherently and preferentially e,it at certain wavelengths. C1 [Kemme, S. A.; Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Peters, D. W.; Ellis, A. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kemme, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7058-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6883 BP W8830 EP W8830 DI 10.1117/12.764096 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHS43 UT WOS:000255942200027 ER PT S AU Popov, VA Zhizhin, KY Malinina, EA Retivov, VM Staudhammer, KP Kuznetsov, NT AF Popov, V. A. Zhizhin, K. Yu. Malinina, E. A. Retivov, V. M. Staudhammer, K. P. Kuznetsov, N. T. BE Marques, AT Silva, AF Baptista, APM Sa, C Alves, FJLA Malheiros, LF Vieira, M TI Development of Boron Hydrides as Reinforcing Components for Composite Materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference of the Sociedade-Portuguesa-de-Materiais/4th International Materials Symposium CY APR 01-04, 2007 CL Oporto, PORTUGAL DE boron hydrides; reinforcements; composite materials AB In recent years, industries have increasingly demanded novel materials of low density (and, therefore; weight) and high strength. Such materials are required for all kinds of transport. especially for automobile and aviation industries. Lower weight vehicles would allow for reduced fuel consumption, which increases the transportation efficiency (the economical point of view) and a corresponding decrease of emission of pollutants to the atmosphere (the ecological point of view). This is why the development of materials with decreased densities is of great importance. The aim of this study was to develop novel materials as reinforcing elements for metal matrix composites. Boron crystalline compounds are proposed to be used, including the derivatives of higher boron-hydrogen anions BnXn2- n = 10,12, X = H (in some cases - halogen, for example, CI) as their respective densities meet the criteria. The study pursued two goals: (i) to develop a method for producing these boron hydrides and (ii) to investigate the structure and properties of these boron hydrides. C1 [Popov, V. A.] Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119049, Russia. [Zhizhin, K. Yu.; Malinina, E. A.; Retivov, V. M.; Kuznetsov, N. T.] Kurnakov Inst Gen & Inorgan Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Staudhammer, K. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Popov, VA (reprint author), Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119049, Russia. EM popov58@inbox.ru RI Zhizhin, Konstantin/C-5681-2013; Malinina, Elena/N-6510-2015; Kuznetsov, Nikolay/S-1129-2016 OI Zhizhin, Konstantin/0000-0002-4475-124X; Kuznetsov, Nikolay/0000-0002-2562-6427 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2008 VL 587-588 BP 197 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BII83 UT WOS:000259898200040 ER PT J AU Mascarenhas, N AF Mascarenhas, Nicholas TI Neutron scatter camera detects source of radiation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT News Item C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mascarenhas, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 166 IS 1 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 255IF UT WOS:000252650900025 ER PT S AU Nicholson, DM Namilae, S Radhakrishnan, B Zhang, XG Kulkarni, N AF Nicholson, Don M. Namilae, Sirish Radhakrishnan, Bala Zhang, X. -G Kulkarni, Nagraj BE McKerrow, AJ ShachamDiamand, Y Shingubara, S Shimogaki, Y TI Modeling electron transport in copper interconnect microstructures SO ADVANCED METALLIZATION CONFERENCE 2007 (AMC 2007) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Advanced Metallization Conference 2007 (AMC) CY OCT 09-11, 2007 CL Albany, NY ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN-GROWTH; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATION; FILMS; CU; IMPURITY AB Present efforts to minimize the resistivity of copper interconnects are discussed in terms of a comprehensive understanding of microstructure and electron scattering. A general approach for modeling resistivity that includes Monte-Carlo simulation of grain growth, first-principles modeling for grain boundary (GB) and interfacial resistivities, and a stochastic simulation for electron transport is presented. Determination of GB resistivities for Sigma 3 twin boundaries and Sigma 5 twist boundaries serve to illustrate steps in this approach. C1 [Nicholson, Don M.; Namilae, Sirish; Radhakrishnan, Bala; Zhang, X. -G] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nicholson, DM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS 6164, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0886-7860 BN 978-1-55899-992-3 J9 MAT RES S C PY 2008 VL 23 BP 595 EP 599 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BHU73 UT WOS:000256543300087 ER PT S AU Kim, TH Wendelken, JF Li, AP AF Kim, Tae-Hwan Wendelken, John F. Li, An-Ping BE McKerrow, AJ ShachamDiamand, Y Shingubara, S Shimogaki, Y TI Probing electron transport and structural properties of nanostructures on Si with a quadra-probe scanning tunneling microscope SO ADVANCED METALLIZATION CONFERENCE 2007 (AMC 2007) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Advanced Metallization Conference 2007 (AMC) CY OCT 09-11, 2007 CL Albany, NY ID SURFACE AB ne electron transport and structural properties of nanostructured materials have been examined with a newly developed low temperature quadra-probe scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The quadra-probe STM system, as a "nano" version of four-probe station, provides an integrated research platform with a low temperature 4-probe STM, a molecular-beam epitaxy growth chamber, a high resolution scanning electron microscope, and a scanning Auger microscope. The four STM probes can be driven independently with sub-nanometer precision, enabling conventional STM imaging and four-point electrical transport study of surface electronic systems and nanostructured. materials at temperatures down to 10 K. Self-assembled nanostructures grown on Si by doping with metal atoms (Au, Gd, Ag) have been fabricated and characterized in situ. C1 [Kim, Tae-Hwan; Wendelken, John F.; Li, An-Ping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, TH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0886-7860 BN 978-1-55899-992-3 J9 MAT RES S C PY 2008 VL 23 BP 653 EP 659 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BHU73 UT WOS:000256543300094 ER PT S AU Besuner, RW Chow, KP Kendrick, SE Streetman, S AF Besuner, R. W. Chow, K. P. Kendrick, S. E. Streetman, S. BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Selective reinforcement of a 2m-class lightweight mirror for horizontal beam optical testing - art. no. 701816 SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE SNAP; JDEM; dark energy; space telescope; horizontal testing; lightweighted mirror; optical testing ID INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; LARGE TELESCOPE MIRRORS; SNAP TELESCOPE; FOCAL-PLANE; SUPPORT AB Optical testing of large mirrors for space telescopes can be challenging and complex. Demanding optical requirements necessitate both precise mirror figure and accurate prediction of zero gravity shape. Mass and packaging constraints require mirrors to be lightweighted and optically fast. Reliability and low mass imply simple mounting schemes, with basic kinematic mounts preferable to active figure control or whiffle trees. Ground testing should introduce as little uncertainty as possible, ideally employing flight mounts without offloaders. Testing mirrors with their optical axes horizontal can result in less distortion than in the vertical orientation, though distortion will increase with mirror speed. Finite element modeling and optimization tools help specify selective reinforcement of the mirror structure to minimize wavefront errors in a one gravity test, while staying within mass budgets and meeting other requirements. While low distortions are necessary, all important additional criterion is that designs are tolerant to imperfect positioning of the mounts relative to the neutral surface of the mirror substrate. In this paper, we explore selective reinforcement of a 2-meter class, f/1.25 primary mirror for the proposed SNAP space telescope. We specify designs optimized for various mount radial locations both with and without backup mount locations. Reinforced designs are predicted to have surface distortions the horizontal beam test low enough to perform optical testing on the ground, on flight mounts, and without offloaders. Importantly, the required accuracy of mount locations is on the order of millimeters rather than tenths of millimeters. C1 [Besuner, R. W.; Chow, K. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Besuner, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP 1816 EP 1816 DI 10.1117/12.787477 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200035 ER PT S AU Schlegel, D Ghiorso, B AF Schlegel, David Ghiorso, Bill BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI LBNL Fiber Positioners for Wide Field Spectroscopy - art. no. 701850 SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE fiber positioner; spectroscopy; wide-field surveys; GTC AB A new fiber positioner design has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab to position hundreds or thousands of optical Fibers on a large-field telescope focal plane. Each fiber is individually actuated within a small cell on the focal plane using an r-theta stage. These fiber positioners are the baseline design for the curved focal plane of the Super IFU Deployable Experiment (SIDE) on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio canarias. C1 [Schlegel, David; Ghiorso, Bill] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schlegel, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP 1850 EP 1850 DI 10.1117/12.801673 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200161 ER PT S AU Kuzmenko, PJ Behne, DM Casserly, T Boardman, W Upadhyaya, D Boinapally, K Gupta, M Cao, Y AF Kuzmenko, Paul J. Behne, Daniel M. Casserly, T. Boardman, W. Upadhyaya, D. Boinapally, K. Gupta, M. Cao, Y. BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Hard, infrared black coating with very low outgassing - art. no. 701852 SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE black coatings; infrared black; diamond like carbon; outgassing; vacuum ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; STORAGE AB Infrared astronomical instruments require absorptive coatings oil internal surfaces to trap scattered and stray photons. This is typically accomplished with any one of a number of black paints. Although inexpensive and simple to apply, paint has several disadvantages. Painted surfaces can be fragile, prone to shedding particles, and difficult to clean. Most importantly, the vacuum performance is poor. Recently a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process was developed to apply thick (30 mu m) diamond-like carbon (DLC) based protective coatings to the interior of oil pipelines. These DLC coatings show much promise as an infrared black for all Ultra high vacuum environment. The coatings are very robust with excellent cryogenic adhesion. Their total infrared reflectivity of < 10% at normal incidence approaches that of black paints. We measured outgas rates of <10(-12) Torr liter/sec cm(2), comparable to bare stainless steel. C1 [Kuzmenko, Paul J.; Behne, Daniel M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kuzmenko, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183 POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP 1852 EP 1852 DI 10.1117/12.788006 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200163 ER PT S AU Derylo, G Estrada, J Flaugher, B Hamilton, J Kubik, D Kuk, X Scarpine, V AF Derylo, G. Estrada, J. Flaugher, B. Hamilton, J. Kubik, D. Kuk, X. Scarpine, V. CA Dark Energy Survey Collaboration BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Surface cleaning of CCD imagers using an electrostatic dissipative formulation of First Contact (TM) polymer - art. no. 701858 SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe AB We describe the results obtained cleaning the surface of DECam CCD detectors with a new electrostatic dissipative formulation of First Contact (TM) polymer form Photonic Cleaning Technologies. We demonstrate that cleaning with this new product is possible without ESD damage to the sensors and without degradation of the antireflective coating used ot optimize the optical performance of the detector. We show that First Contact (TM) is more effective for cleaning a CCD than the commonly used acetone swab. C1 [Derylo, G.; Estrada, J.; Flaugher, B.; Kubik, D.; Kuk, X.; Scarpine, V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Derylo, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Hamilton, James/A-7367-2009 OI Hamilton, James/0000-0002-4865-7103 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP 1858 EP 1858 DI 10.1117/12.789654 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200169 ER PT S AU Olivier, SS Seppala, L Gilmore, K AF Olivier, Scot S. Seppala, Lynn Gilmore, Kirk CA LSST Camera Team BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Optical Design of the LSST Camera - art. no. 70182G SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Large optics; optics fabrication; optics metrology; optics coating; optics mounting AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) uses a novel, three-mirror, modified Paul-Baker design, with an 8.4-meter primary mirror, a 3.4-m secondary, and a 5.0-m tertiary feeding a camera system that includes a set of broad-band filters and refractive corrector lenses to produce a flat focal plane with a field of view of 9.6 square degrees. Optical design of the camera lenses and filters is integrated with optical design of telescope mirrors to optimize performance, resulting in excellent image quality over the entire field from ultra-violet to near infra-red wavelengths. The LSST camera optics design consists of three refractive lenses with clear aperture diameters of 1.55 m, 1. 10 m and 0.69 m and six interchangeable, broad-band, filters with clear aperture diameters of 0.75 m. We describe the methodology for fabricating, coating, mounting and testing these lenses and filters, and we present the results of detailed tolerance analyses, demonstrating that the camera optics will perforin to the specifications required to meet their performance goals. C1 [Olivier, Scot S.; Seppala, Lynn] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Olivier, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP G182 EP G182 DI 10.1117/12.790264 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200079 ER PT S AU Nordby, M Bowden, G Foss, M Guiffre, G Ku, J Schindler, R AF Nordby, Martin Bowden, Gordon Foss, Mike Guiffre, Gary Ku, John Schindler, Rafe BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Mechanical Design of the LSST Camera - art. no. 70182H SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE LSST; camera; mechanical; design; structure; stable; mechanism; vacuum; thermal AB The LSST camera is a tightly packaged, hermetically-sealed system that is cantilevered into the main beam of the LSST telescope. It is comprised of three refractive lenses, on-board storage for five large filters, a high-precision shutter, and a cryostat that houses the 3.2 giga-pixel CCD focal plane along with its support electronics. The physically large optics and focal plane demand large structural elements to support them, but the overall size of the camera and its components must be minimized to reduce impact on the image stability. Also, focal plane and optics motions must be minimized to reduce systematic errors in image reconstruction. Design and analysis for the camera body and cryostat will be detailed. C1 [Nordby, Martin; Bowden, Gordon; Foss, Mike; Guiffre, Gary; Schindler, Rafe] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nordby, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP H182 EP H182 DI 10.1117/12.790040 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200080 ER PT S AU Kuzmenko, PJ Little, SL Ikeda, Y Kobayashi, N AF Kuzmenko, Paul J. Little, Steve L. Ikeda, Yuji Kobayashi, Naoto BE Atad-Ettedgui, E Lemke, D TI Fabrication and testing of diamond-machined gratings in ZnSe, GaP, and bismuth germanate for the near infrared and visible - art. no. 70184Q SO ADVANCED OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Optical and Mechanical Technologies in Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE immersion grating; zinc selenide; gallium phosphide; bismuth germanate; diamond machining ID ASTRONOMY AB High quality immersion gratings for infrared applications have been demonstrated in silicon and germanium. To extend this technology to shorter wavelengths other materials must be investigated. We selected three materials, zinc selenide, gallium phosphide and bismuth germanate (Bi4Ge3O12), based on high refractive index, good visible transmission and commercial availability in useful sizes. Crystal samples were diamond turned oil all Ultra-precision lathe to identify preferred Cutting directions. Using this information we diamond-flycut test gratings over a range of feed rates to determine the optimal cutting conditions. For both ZnSe and GaP good surface quality was achieved at feed rates up to 1.0 cm/minute using a special compound angle diamond tool with negative rake angles on both cutting surfaces. The Surface rouhness of the groove facets was about 4 nm. A Zygo interferometer Measured grating wavefront errors in reflection. For the ZnSe the RMS error was lambda/20 @633 nm. More extensive testing was performed with a HeNe laser source and a cooled CCD camera. These measurements demonstrated high relative diffraction efficiency (> 80%), low random groove error (2.0 nm rills), and Rowland ghost intensities at < 0.1%. Preliminary tests oil bismuth germanate show high tool wear. C1 [Kuzmenko, Paul J.; Little, Steve L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kuzmenko, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183 POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7228-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7018 BP Q184 EP Q184 DI 10.1117/12.787699 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII90 UT WOS:000259919200151 ER PT J AU Mazaheri, AR Ahmadi, G Gamwo, IK AF Mazaheri, Ali R. Ahmadi, Goodarz Gamwo, Isaac K. TI Temperature distribution in a demonstration-scale filter vessel with and without ash bridging SO ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE numerical simulation; filter vessel; computational fluid dynamics; ash bridging ID OPERATIONAL FILTRATION DATA; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; GAS-FLOW; DEPOSITION; PLANT; WILSONVILLE AB The influence of ash bridging on the temperature distribution of the ceramic filters of a demonstration-scale filter vessel is analyzed. The Reynolds stress turbulence model of FLUENT T code is used to study the gas flow behavior inside the filter vessel. Particle equations of motions are employed, and transport and deposition of the micron-size aerosols are studied. Computational results predict that ash bridging leads to a non-uniform temperature distribution along the ceramic candle filters in the bridging region. The analyses of ash bridging deposition on the internal surfaces of the filter show that the absence of ash bridging tends to promote the deposition of particles of 10 mu m on the surfaces. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and Society of Powder Technology, Japan, 2008. C1 [Mazaheri, Ali R.; Ahmadi, Goodarz] Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Gamwo, Isaac K.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Mazaheri, AR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, AMA Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ali_r_mazaheri@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8831 J9 ADV POWDER TECHNOL JI Adv. Powder Technol. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1163/156855208X293772 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 286FT UT WOS:000254832100001 ER PT S AU Jardine, PM AF Jardine, Philip M. BE Sparks, DL TI INFLUENCE OF COUPLED PROCESSES ON CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT IN SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 99 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION; ZERO-VALENT IRON; OIL SPILL SITE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AB The following chapter emphasizes subsurface environmental research investigations over the past 10 to 15 years that couple hydrological, geochemical, and biological processes as related to contaminant fate and transport. An attempt is made to focus on field-scale studies with possible reference to laboratory-scale endeavors. Much of the research discussed reflects investigations of the influence of coupled processes on the fate and transport of inorganic, radionuclide, and organic contaminants in subsurface environments as a result of natural processes or energy and weapons production endeavors that required waste disposal. The chapter provides on overview of the interaction between hydro-biogeochemical processes in structured, heterogeneous subsurface environments and how these interactions control contaminant fate and transport, followed by experimental and numerical subsurface science research and case studies involving specific classes of inorganic and organic contaminants. Lastly, thought provoking insights are highlighted on why the study of subsurface coupled processes is paramount to understanding potential future contaminant fate and transport issues of global concern. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jardine, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Office of Science, Biological Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division (ERSD); [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division (ERSD). The Environmental Sciences Division (ESD) of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The author wishes to thank Dr. Donald L. Sparks, editor of this book, for the opportunity to prepare the following chapter, and to thank Beth Bailey of the ESD for reference compilation and editing. The author is also grateful for the financial and moral support provided by the DOE ERSD technical representatives Todd Anderson, Paul Bayer, David Lesmes, and Michael Kuperberg. NR 477 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-374360-2 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2008 VL 99 BP 1 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00401-X PG 99 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BII56 UT WOS:000259852600001 ER PT S AU Parales, RE Parales, JV Pelletier, DA Ditty, JL AF Parales, R. E. Parales, J. V. Pelletier, D. A. Ditty, J. L. BE Laskin, AI Sariaslani, S Gadd, GM TI Diversity of microbial toluene degradation pathways SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 64 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI OX1; TOL PLASMID PWW0; META-CLEAVAGE PATHWAY; AROMATICA STRAIN T1; BENZYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RIESKE FERREDOXIN COMPONENT; BACTERIUM THAUERA-AROMATICA; RALSTONIA-PICKETTII PKO1; O-XYLENE MONOOXYGENASE C1 [Parales, R. E.; Parales, J. V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pelletier, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ditty, J. L.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Parales, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Pelletier, Dale/F-4154-2011 NR 326 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 978-0-12-374338-1 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2008 VL 64 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)00401-2 PG 75 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BHU59 UT WOS:000256527800001 PM 18485280 ER PT S AU Santra, R Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L AF Santra, Robin Dunford, Robert W. Kanter, Elliot P. Kraessig, Bertold Southworth, Stephen H. Young, Linda BE Arimondo, E Berman, PR Lin, CC TI Strong-Field Control of X-Ray Processes SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 56 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; NONRESONANT LASER FIELDS; COMPLEX ABSORBING POTENTIALS; FREE-FREE TRANSITIONS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; ALIGNING MOLECULES AB In x-ray science, cross-sections for x-ray absorption in matter are typically assumed to be invariants, depending only on the atomic and spatial composition of the material. However, by utilizing strong electromagnetic fields, it is possible to modify x-ray absorption cross-sections in a controlled way. This allows one to use x-rays to gain deeper insight into strong-field processes. As an application, strong electromagnetic fields may be utilized to control the propagation of x-rays through a medium. Gas-phase systems are particularly suitable for illustrating the basic principles underlying combined x-ray and laser interactions. We discuss three different scenarios for modifying resonant x-ray absorption near an inner-shell edge: (1) Strong-field ionization of the target particles at laser intensities in the range 10(14)-10(15) W/cm(2); (2) modification of electronic structure of inner-shell-excited systems by laser dressing at 10(12)-10(13) W/cm(2); (3) control of resonant x-ray absorption by molecules through laser-induced spatial alignment at 10(11)-10(12) W/cm(2). C1 [Santra, Robin; Dunford, Robert W.; Kanter, Elliot P.; Kraessig, Bertold; Southworth, Stephen H.; Young, Linda] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Santra, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-6CH11357] FX We would like to thank D.A. Arms, C. Buth, E.M. Dufresne, C. Hohr, D.L. Ederer, E.C. Landahl, E.R. Peterson, S.T. Pratt, N. Rohringer, J. Rudati, and D.A. Walko for fruitful collaboration. This work and use of the Advanced Photon Source were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-6CH11357. NR 152 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 978-0-12-374290-2 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2008 VL 56 BP 219 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(08)00014-1 PG 41 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BIM53 UT WOS:000260857800005 ER PT S AU Gomes, DEB Lins, RD Pascutti, PG Straatsma, TP Soares, TA AF Gomes, Diego E. B. Lins, Roberto D. Pascutti, Pedro G. Straatsma, Tjerk P. Soares, Thereza A. BE Bazzan, ALC Craven, M Martins, NF TI Molecular models to emulate confinement effects on the internal dynamics of organophosphorous hydrolase SO ADVANCES IN BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics (BSB 2008) CY AUG 28-30, 2008 CL Santo Andre, BRAZIL SP UFABC, CMCC, Brazilian Comp Soc, FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES, CLC bio, SGI DE phosphotriesterase; functionalized nanoporous support; enzyme immobilization; atomistic molecular dynamics; enhanced catalytic activity ID STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS; NANOPOROUS SUPPORT; PROTEIN STABILITY; ENZYME DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; BINDING; THERMODYNAMICS; SITE AB The confinement of the metalloenzyme organophosphorous hydrolase in functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) enhances the stability and increases catalytic specific activity by 200% compared to the enzyme in solution. The mechanism by which these processes take place is not well understood. We have developed macroscopic and coarse-grain models of confinement to provide insights into how the nanocage environment steers enzyme conformational dynamics towards enhanced stability and enzymatic activity. The structural dynamics of organophosphorous hydrolase under the two confinement models are very distinct from each other. Comparisons of the present simulations show that only one model leads to an accurate depiction of the internal dynamics of the enzyme. C1 [Gomes, Diego E. B.; Pascutti, Pedro G.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Lins, Roberto D.; Straatsma, Tjerk P.; Soares, Thereza A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gomes, DEB (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM tasoares@pnl.gov RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012; Soares, Thereza/G-1065-2010 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025; Soares, Thereza/0000-0002-5891-6906 FU Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory [gc20896] FX The authors acknowledge the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory for the computational resources required for this work (project gc20896). TAS acknowledges Dr. Chenghong Lei for fruitful discussions. D.E.B.G and P.G.P. acknowledge the financial support of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The research was performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory as part of the 2006 Summer Research Institute in Interfacial and Condensed Phase Chemical Physics. This is a program of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S Department of Energy (DOE). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85556-9 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT JI Lect. Notes Bioinforma. PY 2008 VL 5167 BP 68 EP + PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BIF67 UT WOS:000259140500007 ER PT S AU Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Sun, Xin Khaleel, Mohammad A. BE Franks, LP TI LIMIT ANALYSES FOR SURFACE CRACK INSTANTANEOUS PROPAGATION ANGLES IN ELASTIC HERTZIAN FIELD SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID INDENTATION; FRACTURE; CERAMICS AB This paper presents the limit analyses of instantaneous crack propagation angle in the classical linear elastic Hertzian field The formation and propagation of Hertzian cone crack have been studied extensively in the open literature Many experiments have been earned out on soda lime glass under static loading The observed final Hertzian cone angle is usually around 22 degrees and it tends to increase with increasing indentation velocity The goal of this paper is to use the crack tip stress field derived in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) to bound the instantaneous surface ring crack extension angles in the Hertzian field The upper and lower bounds for the instantaneous crack extension angle are expressed in terms of the ratios of the mode I and mode II stress intensity factors at the crack tip field It is shown that under a pure mode I dominant stress field, instantaneous crack growth would follow the original surface crack direction and under a perfect mode II stress field, the instantaneous crack extension angle has a limiting angle of 19 5 degrees he actual instantaneous crack extension angle will fall between these two limit states depending on the ratio of K-I/K-II at the crack tip C1 [Sun, Xin; Khaleel, Mohammad A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K6 08,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19636-6 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 5 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BSN04 UT WOS:000284980300008 ER PT S AU Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Sun, Xin Khaleel, Mohammad A. BE Frank, LP TI LIMIT ANALYSES FOR SURFACE CRACK INSTANTANEOUS PROPAGATION ANGLES IN ELASTIC HERTZIAN FIELD SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID INDENTATION; FRACTURE; CERAMICS AB This paper presents the limit analyses of instantaneous crack propagation angle in the classical linear-elastic Hertzian field. The formation and propagation of Hertzian cone crack have been studied extensively in the open literature. Many experiments have been carried out on soda-lime glass under static loading. The observed final Hertzian cone angle is usually around 22, and it tends to increase with increasing indentation velocity. The goal of this paper is to use the crack tip stress field derived in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) to bound the instantaneous surface ring crack extension angles in the Hertzian field. The upper and lower bounds for the instantaneous crack extension angle are expressed in terms of the ratios of the mode I and mode II stress intensity factors at the crack tip field. It is shown that under a pure mode I dominant stress field, instantaneous crack growth would follow the original surface crack direction; and under a perfect mode II stress field, the instantaneous crack extension angle has a limiting angle of 19.5 degrees. The actual instantaneous crack extension angle will fall between these two limit states depending on the ratio of K-I/K-II at the crack tip. C1 [Sun, Xin; Khaleel, Mohammad A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K6-08,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19636-6 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 5 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQO25 UT WOS:000281438700007 ER PT S AU Osborn, DL AF Osborn, David L. BE Rice, SA TI EXPLORING MULTIPLE REACTION PATHS TO A SINGLE PRODUCT CHANNEL SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS, VOL 138 SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; HCCO+O-2 REACTION; OXYGEN-ATOMS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Osborn, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy; DOE [W-31-109-ENG-38]; Lockheed Martin Company, for the National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX The author thanks Dr. Larry Harding, Dr. Stephen Klippenstein, Dr. Jim Miller, Dr. Craig Taatjes, Dr. David Chandler, Dr. Ward Thompson, and Dr. Joel Bowman for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy. The work at Argonne was supported under DOE Contract Number W-31-109-ENG-38. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 978-0-471-68234-9 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 2008 VL 138 BP 213 EP 265 DI 10.1002/9780470259474.ch4 PG 53 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BJK66 UT WOS:000266713000004 ER PT S AU Dongarra, J Graybill, R Harrod, W Lucas, R Lusk, E Luszczek, P Mcmahon, J Snavely, A Vetter, J Yelick, K Alam, S Khalili, O Meredith, J Tikir, M AF Dongarra, Jack Graybill, Robert Harrod, William Lucas, Robert Lusk, Ewing Luszczek, Piotr Mcmahon, Janice Snavely, Allan Vetter, Jeffrey Yelick, Katherine Alam, Sadaf Khalili, Omid Meredith, Jeremy Tikir, Mustafa BE Zelkowitz, MV TI DARPXs HPCS program: History, models, tools, languages SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTERS, VOL 72: HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SE Advances in Computers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE; BENCHMARKS AB The historical context with regard to the origin of the DARPA High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) program is important for understanding why federal government agencies launched this new, long-term high-performance computing program and renewed their commitment to leadership computing in support of national security, large science and space requirements at the start of the 21(st) century. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the context for this work as well as various procedures being undertaken for evaluating the effectiveness of this activity including such topics as modelling the proposed performance of the new machines, evaluating the proposed architectures, understanding the languages used to program these machines as well as understanding programmer productivity issues in order to better prepare for the introduction of these machines in the 2011-2015 timeframe. C1 [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Div Math & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Graybill, Robert; Lucas, Robert; Mcmahon, Janice] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lusk, Ewing] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vetter, Jeffrey] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Yelick, Katherine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yelick, Katherine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Div Math & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 93 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2458 BN 978-0-12-374411-1 J9 ADV COMPUT JI Adv. Comput. PY 2008 VL 72 BP 1 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0065-2458(08)00001-6 PG 100 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHX98 UT WOS:000257315600001 ER PT S AU James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR Schwenterly, SW Tuncer, E Pleva, E AF James, D. R. Sauers, I. Ellis, A. R. Schwenterly, S. W. Tuncer, E. Pleva, E. BE Balachandran, UB TI AC and impulse breakdown of liquid nitrogen at 77 K for quasi-uniform field gaps SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE liquid nitrogen; breakdown voltage; impulse voltage; high temperature superconductivity; electrical insulation; cryogenic dielectrics ID ELECTRICAL INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS; FUTURE POWER EQUIPMENT; CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS AB Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is commonly used both as a coolant and electrical insulation in high temperature superconductor (HTS) equipment for power applications. Hence it is necessary to know the electrical breakdown characteristics of LN2 under a variety of practical conditions. The ac breakdown and positive and negative polarity breakdown results for lightning impulse (1.2 microsecond rise time/50 microsecond fall time) are presented for LN2 using sphere to plane electrode geometry for sphere diameters of 50.8 and 101.6 mm over a gap range of 1 to 15 mm. Voltages up to 110 kVrms were studied for ac breakdown and up to 500-kV peak for impulse. In this work both the ac and impulse breakdown voltages scale approximately with distance over the limited gaps studied which is indicative of a quasi-uniform (near-uniform) electric field between sphere and plane. These measurements were conducted in a dewar which could be pressurized from I to 2 bar absolute which greatly reduces the spontaneous formation of bubbles that can occur in open LN2 bath experiments and thus potentially reduce the breakdown strength. Results from the pressurized system and near atmospheric pressure similar to an open bath are compared. C1 [James, D. R.; Sauers, I.; Ellis, A. R.; Schwenterly, S. W.; Tuncer, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pleva, E.] Waukesha Elect Syst, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. RP James, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900006 ER PT S AU Bossert, R Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Whitson, G Zlobin, A AF Bossert, R. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Whitson, G. Zlobin, A. BE Balachandran, UB TI Tests of insulation systems for Nb3Sn wind and react coils SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE insulation; S-2 glass; ceramic; E-glass; Nb(3)Sn coils ID MODEL QUADRUPOLE AB Tests were performed to assess the viability of several cable insulation systems for use in Nb(3)Sn accelerator magnets. Insulated stacks of cables were subjected to reaction cycles commonly used for N(b)3Sn coils. After reaction and epoxy impregnation, current leakage between turns was measured at pressures up to 180 MPa and turn-to-turn potentials up to 500V. Systems consisting of S-2 glass, ceramic fiber, and E-glass were tested. Several methods of applying the insulation were incorporated, including sleeves and various spiral wrapped configurations. Methods of sample preparation and testing are described and results are reported. C1 [Bossert, R.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Whitson, G.; Zlobin, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bossert, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900021 ER PT S AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. BE Balachandran, UB TI Dielectric properties of polyvinyl alcohol, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl butyral resin and polyimide at low temperatures SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE polymers; permittivity; dielectric breakdown; cryogenic dielectrics AB Performance of materials and their compatibility determine the size of the electrical insulation in power equipment. For this reason dielectric properties of electrical insulation materials are needed for low temperature power applications. In this work we report the dielectric properties of four polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), and polyimide (PI-Kapton(R)). The dielectric measurements are performed with an electrical impedance analyzer in the frequency domain. The impedances are recorded in a cryocooler in the temperature range from 45K to 350K. The dielectric breakdown characteristics of the polymers are measured in a liquid nitrogen bath at atmospheric pressure. It is observed that PI and PMMA dissolved in toluene have the lowest dielectric losses for temperatures lower than 100 K. PVB and PI have the smallest spread in their breakdown strength data. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Sauers, Isidor; James, D. Randy; Ellis, Alvin R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 190 EP 195 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900025 ER PT S AU Sumption, MD Nazareth, V Barzi, E Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV Collings, EW AF Sumption, M. D. Nazareth, V. Barzi, E. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. Collings, E. W. BE Balachandran, UB TI Measurements of RRR variation in strands extracted from Nb3Sn-type Rutherford cables SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE rutherford cables; strands; Nb3Sn; RRR; stability ID MAGNET PERFORMANCE; INSTABILITIES; STABILITY AB Modem high-J(c) Nb3Sn strands and cables for use in high field accelerator magnets suffer from flux Jump-related instabilities at low magnetic fields. These instabilities are determined by the values of J(c) d(eff), and RRR. It has been postulated that local RRR is a more relevant parameter than average RRR for stability considerations, but the range of RRR values present in a cable has not yet been quantified. Thus, longitudinal variations of RRR were estimated from multiple-tap measurements along the length of strands extracted from mixed strand cables. The cables had either 27 or 28 strands, two different keystone angles, and four different levels of compaction. One type of RRP strand was extracted from each cable, reacted, and then measured. RRR of the straight sections (on the faces) was above 100, while that at the edges of the strand was estimated to be an order of magnitude smaller approximate to 10. Selected regions of the strand with locally depressed RRR were examined by SEM and EDS to check for Sri leakage and examine the type of strand failure present. The implications of these measurements for stability were then discussed. C1 [Sumption, M. D.; Nazareth, V.; Collings, E. W.] Ohio State Univ, LASM, MSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barzi, E.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sumption, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, LASM, MSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 277 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900036 ER PT S AU Collings, EW Sumption, MD Barzi, E Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV Ilyin, Y Nijhuis, A AF Collings, E. W. Sumption, M. D. Barzi, E. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. Ilyin, Y. Nijhuis, A. BE Balachandran, UB TI Measurements of AC loss in cored Nb3Sn Rutherford cables: Interstrand contact resistance as function of core width SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE Nb3Sn; critical frequency; AC loss; contact resistance ID SUPERCONDUCTING CABLES; COUPLING LOSSES; COMPACTION; FIELDS AB Magnetic measurements of cored-cable AC loss accompanied by SEM measurements of cable cross sections have been made in an investigation of the effects of core width and position on the effective interstrand contact resistance, R-perpendicular to,R-eff.. The results were compared with those of previous studies of Rutherford cables with cores of various widths and designs. It was noted that although the uncored R-perpendicular to,R-eff.S agreed well with those measured previously the cored results fell short of expectation. The suppression of R-perpendicular to,R-eff. is attributed to several factors that differ from cable to cable: e.g. displacement of the narrower cores to one edge of the cable, shrinkage in the width of the widest core as a result of severe compaction-induced imprinting. After allowing for these factors the projected R-perpendicular to,R-eff. tended to agree with previous results for full-width-core Nb3Sn cables. C1 [Collings, E. W.; Sumption, M. D.] Ohio State Univ, LASM, MSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barzi, E.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Ilyin, Y.; Nijhuis, A.] Univ Twente, Fac Appl Sci, Low Temp Div, Enschede, Netherlands. RP Collings, EW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, LASM, MSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 FU US Department of Energy; Division of High Energy Physics; FNAL; OSU [FG02-95ER40900] FX The US Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, funded the research at FNAL and OSU, in the latter case under grant No. DE-FG02-95ER40900. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 285 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900037 ER PT S AU Barzi, E Turrioni, D Alsharo'a, M Field, M Hong, S Parrell, J Yamada, R Zhang, Y Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E. Turrioni, D. Alsharo'a, M. Field, M. Hong, S. Parrell, J. Yamada, R. Zhang, Y. Zlobin, A. V. BE Balachandran, UB TI Effect of subelement spacing in RRP Nb3Sn deformed strands SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE Nb3Sn; subelement; deformation; magnetic instability AB The Restacked Rod Process (RRP) is the Nb3Sn strand technology presently producing the largest critical current densities at 4.2 K and 12 T. However, when subject to transverse plastic deformation, RRP subelements (SE) merge into each other, creating larger filaments with a somewhat continuous barrier. In this case, the strand sees a larger effective filament size and its instability can dramatically increase locally leading to a cable quench. To reduce and possibly eliminate this effect, Oxford Instruments Superconducting Technology (OST) developed for FNAL a modified RRP strand design with larger Cu spacing between SE's arranged in a 60/61 array. Strand samples of this design with sizes from 0.7 to 1 mm were first evaluated for transport current properties. A comparison study was then performed between the regular 54/61 and the modified 60/61 design using 0.7 mm round and deformed strands. Finite element modeling of the deformed strands was also performed with ANSYS. C1 [Barzi, E.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Alsharo'a, M.] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Field, M.; Hong, S.; Parrell, J.; Zhang, Y.] Oxford Instruments Supercond Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 301 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900039 ER PT S AU Zeller, AF Ronningen, RM Godeke, A Heilbronn, LH McMahan-Norris, P Gupta, R AF Zeller, A. F. Ronningen, R. M. Godeke, A. Heilbronn, L. H. McMahan-Norris, P. Gupta, R. BE Balachandran, UB TI Radiation damage to BSCCO-2223 from 50 MeV protons SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE BSCCO-2223; radiation damage ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION AB The use of HTS materials in high radiation environments requires that the superconducting properties remain constant up to a radiation high dose. BSCCO-2223 samples from two manufacturers were irradiated with 50 MeV protons at fluences of up to 5 x 10(17) protons/cm(2). The samples lost approximately 75% of their pre-irradiation I-c. This compares with Nb3Sn, which loses about 50% at the same displacements per atom. C1 [Zeller, A. F.; Ronningen, R. M.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Godeke, A.; Heilbronn, L. H.; McMahan-Norris, P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gupta, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zeller, AF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 FU US DOE; State of Michigan; NSF FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the US DOE, the State of Michigan and the NSF. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 416 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900053 ER PT S AU Barzi, E Turrionil, D Kikuchi, A Lamm, M Rusy, A Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E. Turrionil, D. Kikuchi, A. Lamm, M. Rusy, A. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. BE Balachandran, UB TI BSCCO-2212 wire and cable studies SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE high temperature superconductor; BSCCO; DC measurement ID RUTHERFORD-TYPE CABLES; MAGNETS AB BSCCO-2212 round wires are being studied at Fermilab for possible use in accelerator magnets. Several billets were produced by OST with various fill factors in a diameter range between 0.7 mm and 1 mm. To allow for cabling the strands, a modified process was implemented as opposed to the regular process with oxygen anneal. Rutherford-type cables were fabricated and the performance of extracted strands was compared with that of virgin samples. Cables were also tested using a superconducting transformer. C1 [Barzi, E.; Turrionil, D.; Lamm, M.; Rusy, A.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kikuchi, A.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050048, Japan. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 431 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900055 ER PT S AU Turrioni, D Barzi, E Lamm, M Lombardo, V Thierne, C Zlobin, AV AF Turrioni, D. Barzi, E. Lamm, M. Lombardo, V. Thierne, C. Zlobin, A. V. BE Balachandran, UB TI Angular measurements of HTS crmcal current for high field solenoids SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE high temperature superconductor; BSCCO; DC measurement ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS AB An experiment is in the works at Fermilab to confirm that ionization cooling is an efficient way to shrink the size of a muon beam. This would pave the way for Muon Collider machines, which however require in their last stages of acceleration very high field solenoids. The use of high temperature superconducting materials (I-ITS) is being considered for these magnets using Helium or higher temperature refrigeration. A sample holder was designed to perform critical current (I-c) measurements of HTS conductors under externally applied magnetic fields varying from zero to 90 degree with respect to the c-axis. This was performed in an ample range of temperatures and magnetic field values. A description of the test setup and results for (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (BSCCO-2223) tapes, and Second Generation HTS in the form of 348 superconductor are presented. C1 [Turrioni, D.; Barzi, E.; Lamm, M.; Lombardo, V.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Thierne, C.] Amer Supercond AMSC, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Turrioni, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 451 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900058 ER PT S AU Coulter, JY Willis, J Hanisch, J AF Coulter, J. Y. Willis, J. . Hanisch, J. BE Balachandran, UB TI Angle dependent critical-current measurements on a long tilted-IBAD coated conductor SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 54: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE Y-based cuprates; high-T-c films; critical currents; magnetic field anisotropy; long length characterization ID THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; FIELD; WIRE AB As coated conductor technology based on REBa2Cu3O7, (REBCO, RE rare earth or Y) has evolved, so has the need to determine the critical current (I-c) performance as a function of applied magnetic field magnitude and direction on long wires. These measurement capabilities have typically only been available for short samples cut from a long wire. In the past year we have developed the capability to make these measurements on long conductors (1 similar to 100 m). We present example results from characterization of multi-meter YBCO conductors deposited using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method on textured templates of MgO produced using ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). We show how the anisotropy of I-c as a function of position can be used to obtain information for tape processing optimization. C1 [Coulter, J. Y.; Willis, J. .; Hanisch, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coulter, JY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0505-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 986 BP 471 EP 478 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHN11 UT WOS:000254421900060 ER PT S AU Soyars, W Bossert, R Darve, C Degraff, B Klebaner, A Martinez, A Pei, L Theilacker, J AF Soyars, W. Bossert, R. Darve, C. Degraff, B. Klebaner, A. Martinez, A. Pei, L. Theilacker, J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Superconducting radio-frequency modules test facility operating experience SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE test facilities; superconducting RF; ILC; cryomodule AB Femilab is heavily engaged and making strong technical contributions to the superconducting radio-frequency research and development program (SRF R&D). Four major SRF test areas are being constructed to enable vertical and horizontal cavity testing, as well as cryomodule testing. The existing Fermilab cryogenic infrastructure has been modified to service the SRF R&D needs. The project's first stage has been successfully completed, which allows for distribution of cryogens for a single-cavity cryomodule using the existing Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF) that houses three Tevatron satellite refrigerators. The cooling capacity available for cryomodule testing at Meson Detector Building (MDB) results from the liquefaction capacity of the CTF cryogenic system. The cryogenic system for a single 9-cell cryomodule is currently operational. The paper describes the status, challenges and operational experience of the initial phase of the project. C1 [Soyars, W.; Bossert, R.; Darve, C.; Degraff, B.; Klebaner, A.; Martinez, A.; Pei, L.; Theilacker, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Soyars, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700016 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Fesmire, JE Augustynowicz, SD AF Demko, J. A. Fesmire, J. E. Augustynowicz, S. D. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Design tool for cryogenic thermal insulation systems SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE thermal insulation; multilayer insulation; aerogels; heat transfer; nitrogen; vacuum; materials; thermal protection systems AB Thermal isolation of low-temperature systems from ambient environments is a constant issue faced by practitioners of cryogenics. For energy-efficient systems and processes to be realized, thermal insulation must be considered as an integrated system, not merely an add-on element. A design tool to determine the performance of insulation systems for comparative trade-off studies of different available material options was developed. The approach is to apply thermal analysis to standard shapes (plane walls, cylinders, spheres) that are relatively simple to characterize with a one-dimensional analytical or numerical model. The user describes the system hot and cold boundary geometry and the operating environment. Basic outputs such as heat load and temperature profiles are determined. The user can select from a built-in insulation material database or input user defined materials. Existing information has been combined with the new experimental thermal conductivity data produced by the Cryogenics Test Laboratory for cryogenic and vacuum environments, including high vacuum, soft vacuum, and no vacuum. Materials in the design tool include multilayer insulation, aerogel blankets, aerogel bulk-fill, foams, powders, composites, and other insulation system constructions. A comparison of the design tool to a specific composite thermal insulation system is given. C1 [Demko, J. A.; Fesmire, J. E.; Augustynowicz, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700018 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Roden, M Gouge, M AF Demko, J. A. Duckworth, R. C. Roden, M. Gouge, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Testing of a vacuum insulated flexible line with flowing liquid nitrogen during the loss of insulating vacuum SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE superconducting cables; cryogenics; refrigerators; low temperature equipment AB Long length vacuum insulated lines are used to carry flowing liquid nitrogen in several high temperature superconducting cable projects. An important, but rare, failure scenario is the abrupt or catastrophic loss of the thermal insulating vacuum producing a rapid increase in heat transfer to the liquid nitrogen stream. In this experimental investigation, a vacuum superinsulated 3 inch by 5 inch nominal pipe size (NPS) (88.9 mm by 141.3 mm) flexible cryostat is subjected to an abrupt loss of vacuum in order to measure the thermal response of a flowing liquid nitrogen stream and the temperature response of the cryostat. The measured outlet stream temperature has a slight peak shortly after the loss of vacuum incident and decreases as the cryostat warms up. The heat loads measured before and after the vacuum loss event are reported. Measurements of the temperatures in the multi-layer superinsulation are also discussed. C1 [Demko, J. A.; Duckworth, R. C.; Gouge, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Roden, M.] Southwire Co, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR 22725] FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR 22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 160 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700020 ER PT S AU Ganni, V Knudsen, P Creel, J Arenius, D Casagrande, F Howell, M AF Ganni, V. Knudsen, P. Creel, J. Arenius, D. Casagrande, F. Howell, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Screw compressor characteristics for helium refrigeration systems SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE helium; refrigerator; screw compressor; efficiency AB The oil injected screw compressors have practically replaced all other types of compressors in modem helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, minimal vibration, reliability and capability of handling helium's high heat of compression. At the present state of compressor system designs for helium systems, typically two-thirds of the lost input power is due to the compression system. Therefore it is important to understand the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies of these machines to help properly design these compression systems to match the refrigeration process. This presentation summarizes separate tests that have been conducted on Sullair compressors at the Superconducting Super-Collider Laboratory (SSCL) in 1993, Howden compressors at Jefferson Lab (JLab) in 2006 and Howden compressors at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in 2006. This work is part of an ongoing study at JLab to understand the theoretical basis for these efficiencies and their loss mechanisms, as well as to implement practical solutions. C1 [Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.; Creel, J.; Arenius, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Casagrande, F.; Howell, M.] SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ganni, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Neutron Source is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The Spallation Neutron Source is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S.Department of Energy. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 309 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700038 ER PT S AU Bourcey, N Campos, P Chiggiato, P Limon, P Mongelluzzo, A Musso, G Poncet, A Parma, V AF Bourcey, N. Campos, P. Chiggiato, P. Limon, P. Mongelluzzo, A. Musso, G. Poncet, A. Parma, V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Leak-tight welding experience from the industrial assembly of the LHC cryostats at CERN SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryogenics; LHC ID NONEVAPORABLE GETTER AB The assembly of the approximately 1700 LHC main ning cryostats at CERN involved extensive welding of cryogenic lines and vacuum vessels. More than 6 km of welding requiring leak tightness to a rate better than 1.10(-9) mbar.l.s(-1) on stainless steel and aluminium piping and envelopes was made, essentially by manual welding but also making use of orbital welding machines. In order to fulfill the safety regulations related to pressure vessels and to comply with the leak-tightness requirements of the vacuum systems of the machine, welds were executed according to high qualification standards and following a severe quality assurance plan. Leak detection by He mass spectrometry was extensively used. Neon leak detection was used successfully to locate leaks in the presence of helium backgrounds. This paper presents the quality assurance strategy adopted for welds and leak detection. It presents the statistics of non-conformities on welds and leaks detected throughout the entire production and the advances in the use of alternative leak detection methods in an industrial environment. C1 [Bourcey, N.; Campos, P.; Chiggiato, P.; Mongelluzzo, A.; Poncet, A.; Parma, V.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Limon, P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Musso, G.] SERCO, St Genis Pouilly, France. RP Bourcey, N (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 325 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700040 ER PT S AU Rabehl, RJ Huang, Y AF Rabehl, R. J. Huang, Y. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Beat exchanger design studies for an LHC inner triplet upgrade SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE HeII heat exchanger; LHC upgrade; quadrupole AB A luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is planned to coincide with the expected end of life of the existing inner triplet quadrupole magnets. The upgraded inner triplet will have much larger heat loads to be removed from the magnets by the cryogenics system. A number of cryogenics design studies have been completed under the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP), including investigations of required heat exchanger characteristics to transfer this heat from the pressurized He II bath to the saturated He II system. This paper discusses heat exchangers both external to the magnet cold mass and internal to the magnet cold mass. A possible design for a heat exchanger external to the magnet cold mass is also presented. C1 [Rabehl, R. J.; Huang, Y.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rabehl, RJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 333 EP 340 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700041 ER PT S AU Page, TM Nicol, TH Feher, S Terechkine, I Tompkins, J AF Page, T. M. Nicol, T. H. Feher, S. Terechkine, I. Tompkins, J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI High Intensity Neutrino Source superconducting solenoid cryostat design SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryostat; solenoid; power leads; HTS leads; vacuum vessel AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) is involved in the development of a 100 MeV superconducting linac. This linac is part of the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) R&D Program. The initial beam acceleration in the front end section of the linac is achieved using room temperature spoke cavities, each of which is combined with a superconducting focusing solenoid. These solenoid magnets are cooled with liquid helium at 4.5 K, operate at 250 A and have a maximum magnetic field strength of 7.5 T. The solenoid cryostat will house the helium vessel, suspension system, thermal shield, multilayer insulation, power leads, instrumentation, a vacuum vessel and cryogenic distribution lines. This paper discusses the requirements and detailed design of these superconducting solenoid cryostats. C1 [Page, T. M.; Nicol, T. H.; Feher, S.; Terechkine, I.; Tompkins, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Page, TM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700042 ER PT S AU Schmierer, EN Charles, B Efferson, R Hill, D Jankowski, T Laughon, G Prenger, C AF Schmierer, E. N. Charles, B. Efferson, R. Hill, D. Jankowski, T. Laughon, G. Prenger, C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Freely oriented, portable superconducting magnet SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE superconducting magnets; 84.71.Ba; analytical and numerical techniques; 44.05.+e; quenching (thermal); 81.40.Gh AB A high-field low-temperature superconducting solenoidal magnet was developed that is portable and can be operated in any orientation relative to gravity. The design consists of several features that make this feasible; 1) bulk liquid cryogen storage occurs in a separate Dewar rather than as part of the magnet assembly, which allows single-person transport due to each component of the system having low relative weight, 2) vapor generated pressurization that circulates cryogenic fluid to and from the magnet with flexible transfer lines allowing operation in any orientation, and 3) composite, low-conducting structural members are used to suspend the magnet and shield layers within the vacuum vessel that provide a robust low heat loss design. Cooling is provided to the magnet through fluid channels that are in thermal contact with the magnet. The overall design of this magnet system, some of the analyses performed that address unique behavior of this system (pressure rise during a magnet quench and transient cooldown), and test results are presented. C1 [Schmierer, E. N.; Charles, B.; Hill, D.; Jankowski, T.; Prenger, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Efferson, R.; Laughon, G.] American Magnet Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Schmierer, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jankowski, Todd/A-8793-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC52- 06NA25396]; Los Alamos National Security, LLC FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC52- 06NA25396 with Los Alamos National Security, LLC, operator of LANL. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 359 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700044 ER PT S AU Than, R Tuozzolo, J Sidi-Yekhlef, A Ganni, V Knudsen, P Arenius, D AF Than, R. Tuozzolo, J. Sidi-Yekhlef, A. Ganni, V. Knudsen, P. Arenius, D. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) cryogenic system at Brookhaven National Laboratory: Review of the modifications and upgrades since 2002 and planned improvements SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE helium; plant; refrigerator; liquefier; efficiency AB Brookhaven National Laboratory continues its multi-year program to improve the operational efficiency, reliability, and stability of the cryogenic system, which also resulted in an improved beam availability of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This paper summarizes the work and changes made after each phase over the past four years to the present, as well as proposed future improvements. Power usage dropped from an initial 9.4 MW to the present 5.1 MW and is expected to drop below 5 MW after the completion of the remaining proposed improvements. The work proceeded in phases, balancing the Collider's schedule of operation, time required for the modifications and budget constraints. The main changes include process control, compressor oil removal and management, elimination of the use of cold compressors and two liquid-helium storage tanks, insulation of the third liquid-helium storage tank, compressor-bypass flow reduction and the addition of a load turbine (Joule-Thomson expander) with. associated heat exchangers at the cold end of the plant. Also, liquid helium pumps used for forced circulation of the sub-cooled helium through the magnet loops were eliminated by an accelerator supply flow reconfiguration. Planned future upgrades include the resizing of expanders 5 and 6 to increase their efficiencies. C1 [Than, R.; Tuozzolo, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sidi-Yekhlef, A.; Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.; Arenius, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Than, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU Brookhaven Science Associates; LLC [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy; Renaissance Technologies Corporation FX This work was supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy and by a sponsored research grant from Renaissance Technologies Corporation. The publisher by accepting the manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. We would also like to thank M. Wright and J. Creel at JLab; H. Strong from Oak Ridge Lab; and P. Talty and W. DeJong and his installation crew at BNL. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 578 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700071 ER PT S AU Arenius, D Creel, J Dixon, K Garmi, V Knudsen, P Sidi-Yekhlef, A Wriglrt, M AF Arenius, D. Creel, J. Dixon, K. Garmi, V. Knudsen, P. Sidi-Yekhlef, A. Wriglrt, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI An overview of the planned Jefferson Lab 12GeV helium refrigerator upgrade SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE helium; refrigerator; CEBAF; Jefferson Laboratory AB In February 2006, Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, VA, received "Critical Decision 1" (CD-1) approval to proceed with the engineering and design of the long anticipated upgrade to increase the beam energy of CEBAF, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, from 6 GeV to 12 GeV. This will require the installation of 10 new cryomodules, and additional 2.1-K refrigeration beyond the available 4600 W to handle the increased heat loads. Additionally, a new experimental hall, Hall D, is planned that will require the installation of a small, available refrigerator. This paper will present an overview of the integration of the new proposed refrigeration system into CEBAF, the installation of the available refrigerator for Hall D, and includes planned work scope, current schedule plans and project status. C1 [Arenius, D.; Creel, J.; Dixon, K.; Garmi, V.; Knudsen, P.; Sidi-Yekhlef, A.; Wriglrt, M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Arenius, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 588 EP 593 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700072 ER PT S AU Dodson, C Lopez, A Roberts, T Razani, A AF Dodson, C. Lopez, A. Roberts, T. Razani, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI A model for the parametric analysis and optimization of inertance tube pulse tube refrigerators SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE pulse tube refrigerators; regenerators; REGEN 3.2; distributed inertance tube model; exergy; efficiency; optimization ID FLOW AB A first order model developed for the design analysis and optimization of Inertance Tube Pulse Tube Refrigerators (ITPTRs) is integrated with the code NIST REGEN 3.2 capable of modeling the regenerative heat exchangers used in ITPTRs. The model is based on the solution of simultaneous non-linear differential equations representing the inertance tube, an irreversibility parameter model for the pulse tube, and REGEN 3.2 to simulate the regenerator. The integration of REGEN 3.2 is accomplished by assuming a sinusoidal pressure wave at the cold side of the regenerator. In this manner, the computational power of REGEN 3.2 is conveniently used to reduce computational time required for parametric analysis and optimization of ITPTRs. The exergy flow and exergy destruction (irreversibility) of each component of ITPTRs is calculated and the effect of important system parameters on the second law efficiency of the refrigerators is presented. C1 [Dodson, C.; Roberts, T.; Razani, A.] Air Forces Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Dodson, C.; Lopez, A.; Razani, A.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lopez, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dodson, C (reprint author), Air Forces Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 685 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700084 ER PT S AU Perin, A Atieh, S Benda, V Bertarelli, A Bouillot, A Brodzinski, K Folch, R Fydrych, J Genet, M Koczorowski, S Metral, L Miles, J Millet, F Polkovnikov, K Rabehl, R Serio, L Sytchev, V Sytnik, V Trilhe, P van Weelderen, R Zhabitskiy, V AF Perin, A. Atieh, S. Benda, V. Bertarelli, A. Bouillot, A. Brodzinski, K. Folch, R. Fydrych, J. Genet, M. Koczorowski, S. Metral, L. Miles, J. Millet, F. Polkovnikov, K. Rabehl, R. Serio, L. Sytchev, V. Sytnik, V. Trilhe, P. van Weelderen, R. Zhabitskiy, V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Design production and first commissioning results of tbe electrical feedboxes of the LHC SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE electrical feedbox; HTS current leads; superconductor; busbar; LHC AB A total of 44 CERN designed cryogenic electrical feedboxes are needed to power the LHC superconducting magnets. The feedboxes include more than 1000 superconducting circuits fed by high temperature superconductor and conventional current leads ranging from 120 A to 13 kA. In addition to providing the electrical current to the superconducting circuits, they also ensure specific mechanical and cryogenic functions for the LHC. The paper focuses on the main design aspects and related production operations and gives an overview of specific technologies employed. Results of the commissioning of the feedboxes of the first LHC sectors are presented. C1 [Perin, A.; Atieh, S.; Benda, V.; Bertarelli, A.; Bouillot, A.; Folch, R.; Genet, M.; Koczorowski, S.; Metral, L.; Miles, J.; Millet, F.; Serio, L.; Trilhe, P.; van Weelderen, R.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Polkovnikov, K.; Sytchev, V.; Sytnik, V.; Zhabitskiy, V.] Inst High Energy, Moscow 142281, Russia. [Brodzinski, K.; Fydrych, J.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Rabehl, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Perin, A (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 747 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700092 ER PT S AU Zlobin, AV Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bossert, R Carcagno, R Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Nobrega, F Novitski, I Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Shpakov, D Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Turrioni, D Yamada, R Yuan, A AF Zlobin, A. V. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. Carcagno, R. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Nobrega, F. Novitski, I. Orris, D. Pischalnikov, Yu. Shpakov, D. Sylvester, C. Tartaglia, M. Tompkins, J. C. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Yuan, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Quench performance of Nb3Sn cos-theta coils made of 108/127 RRP strands SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE dipole magnet; cos-theta coil; cable; strand; Nb3Sn; quench performance ID ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; FERMILAB; CABLES AB A series of 1-m long Nb3Sn dipole models has been built at Fermilab in an attempt to refine the wind-and-react technology for Nb3Sn accelerator magnets. Three models made with Powder-in-Tube Nb3Sn strand reached their design field of 10 T demonstrating a good reproducibility of magnet quench performance and field quality. Recently a new dipole "mirror" model based on Nb3Sn coil made of improved Restack Rod Process (RRP) strand was constructed and tested reaching the maximum field above 11 T. This paper describes the parameters of the RRP strand and cable used as well as the design, fabrication and test results of this magnet. C1 [Zlobin, A. V.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Bossert, R.; Carcagno, R.; Kashikhin, V. S.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Lamm, M. J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.; Orris, D.; Pischalnikov, Yu.; Shpakov, D.; Sylvester, C.; Tartaglia, M.; Tompkins, J. C.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Yuan, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60506 USA. RP Zlobin, AV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60506 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 755 EP 762 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700093 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Process study of nominal 2 K refrigeration recovery SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE helium; refrigerator; refrigeration; recovery; cycle; sub-atmospheric; 2 K AB There is an increased interest in the nominal 2-K helium refrigeration systems (below lambda) for various test stands and applications at the present time. This paper presents the process parameter choices and their influence on the system performance of various non-cold compressor configurations. This study is intended to facilitate the adoption of this process in conjunction with commercially-available small 4.5-K helium liquefaction systems. By way of an introduction, the efficiency of some commonly employed (but inefficient) 2-K process configurations are analyzed. Then the analyses of three nominal 2-K refrigeration-recovery process configurations are presented. The effect of the process parameters, such as flow imbalance, heat-exchanger size, supply pressure and 4.5-K plant interaction location(s) are investigated so that the optimum conditions yielding the required performance can be determined. C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.] TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 846 EP 858 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700104 ER PT S AU Green, MA AF Green, M. A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI The cost of helium refrigerators and coolers for superconducting devices as a function of cooling at 4 K SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryogenic refrigeration; small coolers; refrigeration cost AB This paper is an update of papers written in 1991 and in 1997 by Rod Byms and this author concerning estimating the cost of refrigeration for superconducting magnets and cavities. The actual costs of helium refrigerators and coolers (escalated to 2007 dollars) are plotted and compared to a correlation function. A correlation function between cost and refrigeration at 4.5 K is given. The capital cost of larger refrigerators (greater than 10 W at 4.5 K) is plotted as a function of 4.5-K cooling. The cost of small coolers is plotted as a function of refrigeration available at 4.2 K. A correlation function for estimating efficiency (percent of Carnot) of both types of refrigerators is also given. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 872 EP 878 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700107 ER PT S AU Webber, RJ Dotsenko, V Talalaevskii, A Miller, R Tang, J Kirichenko, DE Vernik, IV Shevchenko, P Borzenets, V Gupta, D Mukhanov, OA AF Webber, R. J. Dotsenko, V. Talalaevskii, A. Miller, R. Tang, J. Kirichenko, D. E. Vernik, I. V. Shevchenko, P. Borzenets, V. Gupta, D. Mukhanov, O. A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Operation of superconducting digital receiver circuits on 2-stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE RSFQ; receiver; niobium; Josephson junction; cryocooler; Gifford-McMahon AB We have demonstrated the full operation of digital RF receivers on a HYPRES-designed cryostat, which couples an Nb-based superconducting Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) chip to a commercially available 100 mW 4 Kelvin Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. A field demonstration of digitization of a satellite-received signal at 7.7 GHz is described. The digital receiver chip is a I cm x I cm chip comprising similar to 11,000 Josephson junctions (JJ). The measured cryogenic thermal and magnetic environments of the chip are discussed and their impact on performance. Reception and direct digital conversion of real signals in the HF-, V-HF-, and X-bands including signals from military satellite antennae shows the potential of this system to replace large and power-hungry multiple analog receivers. C1 [Webber, R. J.; Dotsenko, V.; Talalaevskii, A.; Miller, R.; Tang, J.; Kirichenko, D. E.; Vernik, I. V.; Shevchenko, P.; Gupta, D.; Mukhanov, O. A.] HYPRES Inc, Elmsford, NY 10523 USA. [Borzenets, V.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Webber, RJ (reprint author), HYPRES Inc, Elmsford, NY 10523 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 927 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700114 ER PT S AU Barnett, T Filippov, YP Filippova, EY Mokhov, NV Nakao, N Klebaner, AL Korenev, SA Theilacker, JC Trenikhina, J Vaziri, K AF Barnett, T. Filippov, Yu. P. Filippova, E. Yu. Mokhov, N. V. Nakao, N. Klebaner, A. L. Korenev, S. A. Theilacker, J. C. Trenikhina, J. Vaziri, K. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Radiation requirements and testing of cryogenic thermometers for the ILC SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE thermometry; radiation; simulation; testing AB Large quantity of cryogenic temperature sensors will be used for operation of the International Linear Collider (ILC). Most of them will be subject to high radiation doses during the accelerator lifetime. Understanding of particle energy spectra, accumulated radiation dose in thermometers and its impact on performance are vital in establishing technical specification of cryogenic thermometry for the ILC. Realistic MARS 15 computer simulations were performed to understand the ILC radiation environment. Simulation results were used to establish radiation dose requirements for commercially available cryogenic thermometers. Two types of thermometers, Cernox (R) and TVO, were calibrated prior to irradiation using different technique. The sensors were subjected then to up to 200 kGy electron beam irradiation with kinetic energy of 5 MeV, a representative of the situation at the ILC operation. A post-irradiation behavior of the sensors was studied. The paper describes the MARS15 model, simulation results, cryogenic test set-up, irradiation tests, and cryogenic test results. C1 [Barnett, T.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mokhov, N. V.; Nakao, N.; Klebaner, A. L.; Theilacker, J. C.; Vaziri, K.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Filippov, Yu. P.; Filippova, E. Yu.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Korenev, S. A.] Beams & Plasma Technol Inc, Mundelein, IL 60060 USA. [Trenikhina, J.] Saratov NG Chernyshevskii State Univ, Saratov 410026, Russia. RP Barnett, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance; LLC [DEAC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work is supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 973 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700120 ER PT S AU Norris, B Bossert, R Klebaner, A Lackey, S Martinez, A Pei, L Soyars, W Sirotenko, V AF Norris, B. Bossert, R. Klebaner, A. Lackey, S. Martinez, A. Pei, L. Soyars, W. Sirotenko, V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Cryogenic controls for Fermilab's SRF cavities and test facility SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE test facilities; RF cavities; controls AB A new superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities test facility is now operational at Fermilab's Meson Detector Building (MDB). The Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF), located in a separate building 500 in away, supplies the facility with cryogens. The design incorporates ambient temperature pumping for superfluid helium production, as well as three 0.6 kW at 4.5 K refrigerators, five screw compressors, a helium purifier, helium and nitrogen inventory, cryogenic distribution system, and a variety of test cryostats. To control and monitor the vastly distributed cryogenic system, a flexible scheme has been developed. Both commercial and experimental physics tools are used. APACS+(TM), a process automation control system from Siemens-Moore, is at the heart of the design. APACS+(TM) allows engineers to configure an ever evolving test facility while maintaining control over the plant and distribution system. APACS+(TM) nodes at CTF and MDB are coupled by a fiber optic network. DirectLogic205 PLCs by KOYO (R) are used as the field level interface to most I/O. The top layer of this system uses EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) as a SCADA/HMI. Utilities for graphical display, control loop setting, real time/historical plotting and alarming have been implemented by using the world-wide library of applications for EPICS. OPC client/server technology is used to bridge across each different platform. This paper presents this design and its successful implementation. C1 [Norris, B.; Bossert, R.; Klebaner, A.; Lackey, S.; Martinez, A.; Pei, L.; Soyars, W.; Sirotenko, V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Norris, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 989 EP 996 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700122 ER PT S AU Green, MA Witte, H AF Green, M. A. Witte, H. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Using high temperature superconducting leads in a magnetic field SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE HTS leads; magnetic field AB HTS leads are increasingly used on superconducting magnets. In most cases the magnet leads are shielded from the magnetic field by iron or the magnet is actively shielded, so that the stray field at HTS leads is low. There are magnets where the HTS leads must. be located in a magnetic field. The two general types of HTS leads that are commercially available are either leads fabricated from bulk HTS materials or leads fabricated from oriented HTS materials that have one or two planes of favorable current density. This paper will discuss how two types of leads are affected by magnetic field. The warm end temperature of the HTS lead is a key lead performance factor. C1 [Green, M. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Witte, H.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of Science; United States Department of Energy, under DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1251 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700153 ER PT S AU Green, MA Witte, H AF Green, M. A. Witte, H. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI The use of small coolers in a magnetic field SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE 4 K coolers; magnetic field AB Small 4 K coolers are used to cool superconducting magnets. These coolers are usually used with high temperature suerconductor (HTS) leads. In most cases, magnet is shielded with iron or active shield coils. Thus the field at the cooler is low. There are instances when the cooler must be in a magnetic field. Gifford McMahon (GM) coolers or pulse tube coolers are commercially available to cool the magnets. This paper will discuss how the two types of coolers are affected by the stray magnetic field. Strategies for using coolers on magnets that generate stray magnetic fields are discussed C1 [Green, M. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Witte, H.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, supported this work under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1299 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700159 ER PT S AU Jankowski, TA Schmierer, EN Prenger, FC Ashworth, SP AF Jankowski, T. A. Schmierer, E. N. Prenger, F. C. Ashworth, S. P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Flow of saturated liquid nitrogen through nucro-scale orifices SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE laminar flows in cavities; channels; ducts; and conduits; Instrumentation and measurement methods in fluid dynamics ID LAMINAR; MODEL; TUBE AB The flow of saturated liquid nitrogen through micro-scale orifices has been characterized experimentally. Measurements of pressure drop and flow rate were made with liquid nitrogen flowing through orifices ranging in diameter from 50 micron to 370 micron, with orifice length-to-diameter ratios ranging from 1.5 to 10. The design of the experimental apparatus, the instrumentation used, and the experimental uncertainties are presented. Obstacles encountered while attempting to obtain repeatable and reliable results at cryogenic temperatures are discussed. Finally, experimentally measured discharge coefficients are shown to agree with a model for single-phase liquid flow through micro-orifice tubes. C1 [Jankowski, T. A.; Schmierer, E. N.; Prenger, F. C.; Ashworth, S. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jankowski, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jankowski, Todd/A-8793-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1325 EP 1332 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700162 ER PT S AU Jankowski, TA Prenger, FC Schmierer, EN Razani, A AF Jankowski, T. A. Prenger, F. C. Schmierer, E. N. Razani, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI A rotating heat pipe for cooling of superconducting machines SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE heat flow in multiphase systems; multiphase flows ID REFRIGERATION; WINDINGS AB A curved rotating heat pipe for use in superconducting motor and generator applications is introduced here. The heat pipe shown here is built so that both the condenser and evaporator sections are parallel to the axis of rotation. The condenser section is concentric with the axis of rotation while the evaporator section can be placed in contact with off-axis heat sources in the rotating machine. The geometry is achieved by incorporating an S-shaped curve between the on-axis rotating condenser section and the off-axis revolving evaporator section. We show that because the heat pipe is a sealed, passive heat transfer device with nearly isothermal operation, the heat pipe concept may be advantageous when considering the overall refrigeration system used with the superconducting machine. High-speed, room temperature test data with this heat pipe geometry indicate that the working fluid in the heat pipe continued to circulate, resulting in heat transfer with a high effective thermal conductivity, with the heat pipe operating under the influence of centrifugal accelerations approaching 400 g. C1 [Jankowski, T. A.; Prenger, F. C.; Schmierer, E. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Razani, A.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Jankowski, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jankowski, Todd/A-8793-2014 FU Superconductivity Technology Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory FX Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the Department of Energy. Funding for this work was provided by the Superconductivity Technology Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1333 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700163 ER PT S AU Gouge, MJ Demko, JA Roden, ML Maguire, JF Weber, CS AF Gouge, M. J. Demko, J. A. Roden, M. L. Maguire, J. F. Weber, C. S. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Vacuum-insulated, flexible cryostats for long HTS cables: Requirements, status and prospects SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE superconducting cables; cryostat; cryogenics ID INSTALLATION; PROJECT AB Several high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable demonstration projects have begun operation on the electric grid in the last few years with the liquid nitrogen-cooled, three-phase cable contained in one or more vacuum-insulated, flexible cryostats with lengths up to similar to 600 meters. These grid demonstration projects are realistic prototypes of the anticipated commercial market which will require superconducting cable lengths in the multiple kilometer range with the vacuum-jacketed cryostats in underground ducts providing acceptable thermal insulation for up to decades. The current state-of-the art for flexible cryostats (installation constraints, heat loads with a good and degraded vacuum, impact of cable bends, getter performance and lifetime, weld and accessory reliability) is discussed. Further development needed to meet the challenging commercial HTS cable application is outlined. C1 [Gouge, M. J.; Demko, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Roden, M. L.] Ultera, Southwire nkt Cables Joint Venture, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. [Maguire, J. F.] Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. [Weber, C. S.] Super Power Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. RP Gouge, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1343 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700164 ER PT S AU Millet, F Claudet, S Ferlin, G Perin, A Rabehl, R Riddone, G Ronayette, L Serio, L Soubiran, M Tavian, L AF Millet, F. Claudet, S. Ferlin, G. Perin, A. Rabehl, R. Riddone, G. Ronayette, L. Serio, L. Soubiran, M. Tavian, L. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Commissioning the cryogenic system of the first LHC sector SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE LHC; large scale cryogenic system; refrigeration; superfluid helium AB The LHC machine, composed of eight sectors with superconducting magnets and accelerating cavities requires a complex cryogenic system providing high cooling capacities (18 kW equivalent at 4.5 K and 2.4 kW at 1.8 K per sector produced in large cold boxes and distributed via 3.3-km cryogenic transfer lines). After individual reception tests of the cryogenic subsystems (cryogen storages, refrigerators, cryogenic transfer lines and distribution boxes) performed since 2000, the commissioning of the cryogenic system of the first LHC sector has been under way since November 2006. After a brief introduction to the LHC cryogenic system and its specificities, the commissioning is reported detailing the preparation phase (pressure and leak tests, circuit conditioning and flushing), the cool-down sequences including the handling of cryogenic fluids, the magnet powering phase and finally the warm-up. Preliminary conclusions on the commissioning of the first LHC sector will be drawn with the review of the critical points already solved or still pending. The last part of the paper reports on the first operational experience of the LHC cryogenic system in the perspective of the commissioning of the remaining LHC sectors and the beam injection test. C1 [Millet, F.; Claudet, S.; Ferlin, G.; Perin, A.; Riddone, G.; Serio, L.; Soubiran, M.; Tavian, L.] CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Ronayette, L.] CNRS, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Rabehl, R.] Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Millet, F (reprint author), CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1403 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700171 ER PT S AU Serio, L Bouillot, A Casas-Cubillos, J Chakravarty, A Claudet, S Gicquel, F Gomes, P Kumar, M Kush, PK Millet, F Perin, A Rabehl, R Singh, MR Soubiran, M Tavian, L AF Serio, L. Bouillot, A. Casas-Cubillos, J. Chakravarty, A. Claudet, S. Gicquel, F. Gomes, P. Kumar, M. Kush, P. K. Millet, F. Perin, A. Rabehl, R. Singh, M. R. Soubiran, M. Tavian, L. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Validation and performance of the LHC cryogenic system through commissioning of the first sector SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE large scale refrigerator; cryogenic distribution; superfluid helium; cold compressor; superconducting device AB The cryogenic system [1] for the Large Hadron Collider accelerator is presently in its final phase of commissioning at nominal operating conditions, The refrigeration capacity for the LHC is produced using eight large cryogenic plants and eight 1.8 K refrigeration units installed on five cryogenic islands. Machine cryogenic equipment is installed in a 26.7-km circumference ring deep underground tunnel and are maintained at their nominal operating conditions via a distribution system consisting of transfer lines, cold interconnection boxes at each cryogenic island and a cryogenic distribution line. The functional analysis of the whole system during all operating conditions was established and validated during the first sector commissioning in order to maximize the system availability. Analysis, operating modes, main failure scenarios, results and performance of the cryogenic system are presented. C1 [Serio, L.; Bouillot, A.; Casas-Cubillos, J.; Claudet, S.; Gomes, P.; Millet, F.; Perin, A.; Soubiran, M.; Tavian, L.] CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Chakravarty, A.; Singh, M. R.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Gicquel, F.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kumar, M.] Ctr Adv Technol, Indore 452013, India. [Rabehl, R.] Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Serio, L (reprint author), CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1411 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700172 ER PT S AU Peterson, TJ Geynisman, M Klebaner, A Parma, V Tavian, L Theilacker, J AF Peterson, T. J. Geynisman, M. Klebaner, A. Parma, V. Tavian, L. Theilacker, J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI ILC cryogenic systems reference design SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryogenics; superconductivity; particle accelerator; linear collider AB A Global Design Effort (GDE) began in 2005 to study a TeV scale electron-positron linear accelerator based on superconducting radio-frequency (RF) technology, called the International Linear Collidcr (ILC). In early 2007, the design effort culminated in a reference design for the ILC, closely based on the earlier TESLA design. The ILC will consist of two 250 GeV linacs, which provide positron-electron collisions for high energy physics research. The particle beams will be accelerated to their final energy in superconducting niobium RF cavities operating at 2 kelvin. At a length of about 12 km each, the main linacs will be the largest cryogenic systems in the ILC. Positron and electron sources, damping rings, and beam delivery systems will also have a large number and variety of other superconducting RF cavities and magnets, which require cooling at liquid helium temperatures. Ten large cryogenic plants with 2 kelvin refrigeration are envisioned to cool the main linaes and the electron and positron sources. Three smaller cryogenic plants will cool the damping rings and beam delivery system components predominately at 4.5 K. This paper describes the cryogenic systems concepts for the ILC. C1 [Peterson, T. J.; Geynisman, M.; Klebaner, A.; Theilacker, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Parma, V.; Tavian, L.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Peterson, TJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-07CH11359] FX This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contract No DEAC02-07CH11359. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1565 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700190 ER PT S AU Campisi, IE Casagrande, F Champion, M Crofford, M Howell, M Kang, Y Kim, SH Kursun, Z Ladd, P Stout, D Strong, W AF Campisi, I. E. Casagrande, F. Champion, M. Crofford, M. Howell, M. Kang, Y. Kim, S. H. Kursun, Z. Ladd, P. Stout, D. Strong, W. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Operation of the superconducting linac at the spallation neutron source SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE linear accelerators; superconducting RF cavities AB At the Spallation Neutron Source, the first fully operational pulsed superconducting linac has been active for about two years. During this period, stable beam operation at 4.4 K has been achieved with beam for repetition rates up to 15 Hz and 30 Hz at 2.1 K. At the lower temperature 60 Hz RF pulses have been also used. Full beam energy has been achieved at 15 Hz and short beam pulses. Most of the time the superconducting cavities are operated at somewhat lower gradients to improve reliability. A large amount of data has been collected on the pulsed behavior of cavities and SRF modules at various repetition rates and at various temperatures. This experience will be of great value in determining future optimizations of SNS as well in guiding in the design and operation of future pulsed superconducting linacs. This paper describes the details of the cryogenic system and RF properties of the SNS superconducting linac. C1 [Campisi, I. E.; Casagrande, F.; Crofford, M.; Howell, M.; Kang, Y.; Kim, S. H.; Kursun, Z.; Ladd, P.; Stout, D.; Strong, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Champion, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Campisi, IE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Champion, Mark/0000-0002-5742-2568 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1586 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700193 ER PT S AU Carcagno, R Ginsburg, C Huang, Y Norris, B Ozelis, J Peterson, T Poloubotko, V Rabehl, R Sylvester, C Wong, M AF Carcagno, R. Ginsburg, C. Huang, Y. Norris, B. Ozelis, J. Peterson, T. Poloubotko, V. Rabehl, R. Sylvester, C. Wong, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Cryogenic infrastructure for Fermilab's ILC vertical cavity test facility SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE test facilities; SRF cavities; controls AB Fermilab is building a Vertical Cavity Test Facility (VCTF) to provide for R&D and pre-production testing of bare 9-cell, 1.3-GHz superconducting RF (SRF) cavities for the International Linear Collider (ILC) program. This facility is located in the existing Industrial Building 1 (1B1) where the Magnet Test Facility (MTF) also resides. Helium and nitrogen cryogenics are shared between the VCTF and MTF including the existing 1500-W at 4.5-K helium refrigerator with vacuum pumping for super-fluid operation (125-W capacity at 2-K). The VCTF is being constructed in multiple phases. The first phase is scheduled for completion in mid 2007, and includes modifications to the IB1 cryogenic infrastructure to allow helium cooling to be directed to either the VCTF or MTF as scheduling demands require. At this stage, the VCTF consists of one Vertical Test Stand (VTS) cryostat for the testing of one cavity in a 2-K helium bath. Planning is underway to provide a total of three Vertical Test Stands at VCTF, each capable of accommodating two cavities. Cryogenic infrastructure improvements necessary to support these additional VCTF test stands include a dedicated ambient temperature vacuum pump, a new helium purification skid, and the addition of helium gas storage. This paper describes the system design and initial cryogenic operation results for the first VCTF phase, and outlines future cryogenic infrastructure upgrade plans for expanding to three Vertical Test Stands. C1 [Carcagno, R.; Ginsburg, C.; Huang, Y.; Norris, B.; Ozelis, J.; Peterson, T.; Poloubotko, V.; Rabehl, R.; Sylvester, C.; Wong, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carcagno, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1594 EP 1601 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700194 ER PT S AU Wang, H Wereszczak, AA AF Wang, Hong Wereszczak, Andrew A. BE Randall, C Lin, HT Koumoto, K Clem, P TI EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC FIELD ON THE BIAXIAL STRENGTH OF POLED PZT SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC CERAMICS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMICS AB The mechanical integrity of piezoelectric ceramics plays a crucial role in the performance and design of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezo stack actuators especially as PZT actuators become physically larger and are sought to operate under harsher conditions. Reliable design of such systems demands additional consideration of a number-of issues including electro-mechanical coupling, as well as strength-size scaling. This study addresses some of those issues through the use of ball-on-ring (BoR) equibiaxial flexure strength tests of two PZT piezo ceramics, subjected to different electric fields. Fracture surfaces and failure origins were analyzed using optical and scanning electronic microscopy. The both sign of the electric field and its magnitude can alter the two-parameter Weibull distribution. These results serve as input data for future probabilistic reliability analysis of multilayer PZT piczo actuators. C1 [Wang, Hong; Wereszczak, Andrew A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016; Wang, Hong/O-1987-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X; Wang, Hong/0000-0002-0173-0545 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19639-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 57 EP 67 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQO28 UT WOS:000281439000008 ER PT S AU Blackburn, BM White, B Wachsman, ED AF Blackburn, Bryan M. White, Briggs Wachsman, Eric D. BE Randall, C Lin, HT Koumoto, K Clem, P TI MULTIFUNCTIONAL POTENTIOMETRIC GAS SENSOR ARRAY WITH AN INTEGRATED HEATER AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC CERAMICS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; OXIDE ELECTRODES; EXHAUST AB Solid-state potentiometric gas sensors show much promise for detecting pollutants such as NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons in ppm level concentrations for exhaust monitoring. The selectivity of these sensors varies with temperature; therefore, sensor arrays can be constructed with integrated heaters to control the temperature of each sensing electrode. The array signals can then be entered into linear algorithms to determine the concentrations of individual species. The array consisted of two La2CuO4 electrodes and a Platinum reference electrode all on the same side of a rectangular, tape-cast YSZ substrate. Platinum resistor elements were used as heaters and/or temperature sensors to control and monitor the temperature of the sensing electrodes. Finite Element Modeling was used to predict temperature profiles within the array. The array was then designed to keep one La2CuO4 electrode hot with respect to the other two electrodes. The sensor array configuration avoids complexities that might increase manufacturing costs as found in other designs because all electrodes are in the same gas environment with heater and temperature sensors on the opposite side of the substrate. The results of this work demonstrate that a gas sensor array with sensing electrodes kept at different temperatures can yield a device capable of selectively determining NO and NO2 concentrations. C1 [Blackburn, Bryan M.; White, Briggs; Wachsman, Eric D.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, UF DOE High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Blackburn, BM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, UF DOE High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19639-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQO28 UT WOS:000281439000012 ER PT S AU Reichertz, LA Yu, KM Cui, Y Hawkridge, ME Beeman, JW Liliental-Weber, Z Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Schaff, WJ Williamson, TL Hoffbauer, MA AF Reichertz, Lothar A. Yu, Kin Man Cui, Yi Hawkridge, Michael E. Beeman, Jeffrey W. Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna Ager, Joel W., III Walukiewicz, Wadyslaw Schaff, William J. Williamson, Todd L. Hoffbauer, Mark A. BE Li, T Redwing, JM Mastro, M Piner, EL Dadgar, A TI InGaN Thin Films Grown by ENABLE and MBE Techniques on Silicon Substrates SO ADVANCES IN GAN, GAAS, SIC AND RELATED ALLOYS ON SILICON SUBSTRATES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in GaN, GaAs, SiC and Related Alloys on Silicon Substrates held at the 2008 Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY MAR 24-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ALN BUFFER; INN; SI(111) AB The prospect of developing electronic and optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, that utilize the wide range of energy gaps of InGaN has led to a considerable research interest in the electronic and optical properties of InN and In-rich nitride alloys. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in the growth and doping of InGaN over the entire composition range. In this paper we present structural, optical, and electrical characterization results from InGaN films grown on Si (111) wafers. The films were grown over a large composition range by both molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and the newly developed "energetic neutral atomic-beam lithography & epitaxy" (ENABLE) techniques. ENABLE utilizes a collimated beam of similar to 2 eV nitrogen atoms as the active species which are reacted with thermally evaporated Ga and In metals. The technique provides a larger N atom flux compared to MBE and reduces the need for high substrate temperatures, making isothermal growth over the entire InGaN alloy composition range possible. Electrical characteristics of the junctions between n- and p-type InGaN films and n- and p-type Si substrates were measured and compared with theoretical predictions based on the band edge alignment between those two materials. The predicted existence of a low resistance tunnel junction between p-type Si and n-type InGaN was experimentally confirmed. C1 [Reichertz, Lothar A.; Yu, Kin Man; Cui, Yi; Hawkridge, Michael E.; Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna; Ager, Joel W., III; Walukiewicz, Wadyslaw] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reichertz, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-038-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIJ15 UT WOS:000259991900024 ER PT S AU Phillips, WS Stead, RJ Randall, GE Hartse, HE Mayeda, KM AF Phillips, William Scott Stead, Richard Jerome Randall, George Edward Hartse, Hans Edward Mayeda, Kevin Mitsuo BE Sato, H Fehler, MC TI SOURCE EFFECTS FROM BROAD AREA NETWORK CALIBRATION OF REGIONAL DISTANCE CODA WAVES SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 50: EARTH HETEROGENEITY AND SCATTERING EFFECTS ON SEISMIC WAVES SE Advances in Geophysics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Coda; Source parameters; apparent stress; calibration; tomography; Asia ID UNITED-STATES EARTHQUAKES; MOMENT-RATE SPECTRA; CENTRAL-ASIA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SEISMIC MOMENT; STRESS DROP; INVERSION; PHASE; TOMOGRAPHY; MAGNITUDES AB We have applied regional coda techniques to a network of 64 stations across central and cast Asia to isolate source effects for bands front 0.03 to 8 Hz. The heterogeneity of the Study region required us to determine two-dimensional (2-D) path and transfer function corrections. The importance of the 2-D path corrections increased with frequency and distance, and for continental paths. became critical beyond 500 km for 1 Hz data. We propose if new spreading model for coda amplitudes, termed the extended Street-Herrmann (ESH) model, to which attenuation can lie added, facilitating the use of tomographic techniques for path correction. The 2-D transfer function varied between continents and oceans, as well as within continents in areas of poor Lg propagation, reflecting differing excitation of Lg and Sn coda. We also demonstrate file use of empirically determined coda shapes, of type curves, to measure coda amplitudes, adding precision and flexibility for source regions of special interest, We applied these techniques to 112,000 records front 35,000 events, magnitudes 2-7, depths 0-50 km, between latitudes 0 degrees and 60 degrees and longitudes 60 degrees and 150 degrees. The resulting coda Source spectra were used to drive moments and, for file better recorded events, corner frequencies, allowing computation of apparent stress for just under 6700 earthquakes. preliminary apparent stress results ranged from 10 (2) to 1 MPa and showed some regional variation. For example, stress increased front South to north across the Tian Shan, perhaps reflecting deformation in varying crustal rheology or effects of prior still history. Low stress observed in Tibet could lie all artifact of under correction for high attenuation; however, the Correlation also could be physical. Low stress observed in oceanic regions is inconsistent with local studies and indicates that upgrades to the coda methodology to more explicitly account for mixed Lg and Sn coda will be needed. The regional network coda results should be further tested by comparing to ground-truth spectra obtained by applying coda techniques to data from local scale networks within file study region. C1 [Phillips, William Scott; Stead, Richard Jerome; Randall, George Edward; Hartse, Hans Edward] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU US DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We acknowledge the leadership and inspiration of the late Keiiti Aki. We also thank Diane Baker, Mike Begnaud, and David Yang for their help organizing waveform data, as well its Bill Walter for advice oil source models. Darren Hart and Chris Young facilitated testing that improved our signal processing. R. Herrmann provided moments from Korea and surrounding areas. Two anonymous reviewers as well as editor Haruo Sato provided extensive comments that we found invaluable. This work was supported by the US DOE, contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 BN 978-0-12-374509-5 J9 ADV GEOPHYS JI Adv. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 50 BP 319 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)00012-5 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BIV38 UT WOS:000263146800012 ER PT B AU Chen, EP AF Chen, E. P. BE Fan, JH Chen, HB TI Fracture and failure modelling activities at Sandia/California: An overview SO ADVANCES IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL MECHANICS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Heterogeneous Material Mechanics (ICHMM) CY JUN 03-08, 2008 CL Huangshan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Sci Fdn China, KC Wong Educ Fdn AB An overview of the fracture and failure modelling activities in the Mechanics of Materials Department at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, California is presented. Sandia/California has been engaged in the development of high performance computing based predictive modeling and simulation capabilities in support of the Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship Program of the U. S. Department of Energy. Of particular interest is the development of constitutive models that can efficiently and accurately predict post-failure material response and load-redistribution in systems and components. Fracture and failure are inherently multi-scale and our philosophy is to include required physics in our models at all appropriate scales. We approach the problems from the continuum point of view and intend to provide continuum models that include dominant subscale mechanisms. Moreover, numerical algorithms are needed to allow implementation of physical models in high performance computing codes such that large-scale modeling and simulation can be conducted. Other drivers of our effort include the emerging application of micro- and nano-systems and the increasing interest in biotechnology. In this presentation, our research in fracture and failure modeling, atomic-continuum coupling code development, microstructure-material properties relationships exploration, and general continuum theories advancement will be presented. Where appropriate, examples will be given to demonstrate the utility of the models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chen, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-80-0 PY 2008 BP 1239 EP 1239 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHX21 UT WOS:000257167700308 ER PT B AU Ye, J Mishra, RK Shan, ZW Asif, SAS Warren, OL Minor, AM AF Ye, J. Mishra, R. K. Shan, Z. W. Asif, S. A. Syed Warren, O. L. Minor, A. M. BE Fan, JH Chen, HB TI Nanoscale compression testing inside a TEM SO ADVANCES IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL MECHANICS 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Heterogeneous Material Mechanics (ICHMM) CY JUN 03-08, 2008 CL Huangshan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Sci Fdn China, KC Wong Educ Fdn AB The technique of micro-pillar compression testing is quickly becoming a new paradigm for small-scale mechanical testing (1). In particular, micro-pillar compression testing is an effective technique for examining size effects at small length scales and investigating materials that are difficult to make in bulk quantities. Through quantitative in situ nano-compression tests in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) we can directly correlate the dynamic deformation mechanisms in submicron pillars with simultaneous measurement of the imposed stresses. This talk will demonstrate this capability through the in situ compression of focused ion beam (FIB) machined metallic pillars with diameters between 150 and 400 nanometers. In pure, single crystal Ni pillars, the phenomenon of source-limited deformation is evident where plasticity is derived from single or very few active slip systems(2). In a second example we have systematically investigated two AA6063 alloys with identical compositions, one as-extruded and the other heat-treated to increase the solute concentrations in the matrix. In the annealed AA6063 pillars, the deformation is more complicated and cross-slip can result in a three-dimensional dislocation network that leads to a rotation of the pillar structure under compression. We also found that the annealed sample exhibited a higher yield stress and greater deformability as compared to the as-extruded sample, similar to data from bulk mechanical tests of the same alloys. Furthermore, our dynamic observations and comparison of the two alloys demonstrate that the dislocation plasticity behavior is quite different for the two samples. Our results will show that the nanoscale plasticity behavior seen during in situ deformation relates directly to the bulk ductility of these alloys. All of these results will be shown in relation to the size effects seen in ex situ pillar compression tests where a direct relationship between the yield stress and the diameter of pillar structures has been observed. C1 [Ye, J.; Minor, A. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shan, Zhiwei/B-8799-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-80-0 PY 2008 BP 1353 EP 1353 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHX21 UT WOS:000257167700336 ER PT S AU Kabius, B Rose, H AF Kabius, Bernd Rose, Harald BE Hawkes, PW TI Novel Aberration Correction Concepts SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 153 SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MATERIALS SCIENCE; DIFFRACTION; TEM C1 [Kabius, Bernd] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rose, Harald] Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Kabius, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors thank Max Haider, Stefan Uhlemann, and Heiko Mueller for valuable discussions. This work was conducted as part of the TEAM project, a multilaboratory collaborative effort funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-374220-9 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2008 VL 153 BP 261 EP 281 DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(08)01007-0 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIQ38 UT WOS:000261946100007 ER PT S AU Pennycook, SJ Chisholm, MF Lupini, AR Varela, M van Benthem, K Borisevich, AY Oxley, MP Luo, W Pantelides, ST AF Pennycook, S. J. Chisholm, M. F. Lupini, A. R. Varela, M. van Benthem, K. Borisevich, A. Y. Oxley, M. P. Luo, W. Pantelides, S. T. BE Hawkes, PW TI Materials Applications of Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 153 SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; BLOCH WAVE ANALYSIS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CRITICAL CURRENTS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; CURRENT TRANSPORT C1 [Pennycook, S. J.; Chisholm, M. F.; Lupini, A. R.; Varela, M.; van Benthem, K.; Borisevich, A. Y.; Oxley, M. P.; Luo, W.; Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pennycook, S. J.; Oxley, M. P.; Luo, W.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [van Benthem, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Luo, Weidong/A-8418-2009 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Luo, Weidong/0000-0003-3829-1547 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, USDOE; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, USDOE, in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL, and by appointments (K. van Benthem, A. Y. Borisevich, and M. P. Oxley) to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Program administered jointly by ORNL and ORISE. Some of the instrumentation used in this research was provided as part of the TEAM project, funded by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 110 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-374220-9 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2008 VL 153 BP 327 EP + DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(08)01009-4 PG 63 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIQ38 UT WOS:000261946100009 ER PT S AU Zhu, YM Wall, J AF Zhu, Yimei Wall, Joe BE Hawkes, PW TI Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopes at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 153 SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; RESOLUTION; STEM; DIFFRACTION; OXYGEN C1 [Zhu, Yimei; Wall, Joe] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl City, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl City, NY 11973 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank T. Nomura, H. Inada, and G. Hom for installing and testing the JEM2200CMO, Hitachi HD2700C, and FEI Titan 80-300, respectively, at BNL. We also thank C. Charming and O. Dyling for their useful discussions and contribution to Section 11 of this chapter, and R. F. Klie and C. Johnson for testing the JEM2200FS and 2200MCO. We acknowledge and appreciate, the assistance of various people in recording the data used in figures: Nomura (Figure 9), H. Inada (Figures 16 and 17), Y C. Wang and L. Fu (Figures 21, 22, and 23). The work at BNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-374220-9 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2008 VL 153 BP 481 EP + DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(08)01012-4 PG 46 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIQ38 UT WOS:000261946100012 ER PT S AU Cao, R Han, JW Anderson, TM Hillesheim, DA Hardcastle, K Slonkina, E Hedman, BBB Hodgson, KO Kirk, ML Musaev, DG Morokuma, K Geletii, YV Hill, CL AF Cao, Rui Han, Jong Woo Anderson, Travis M. Hillesheim, Daniel A. Hardcastle, Kenneth I. Slonkina, Elena Hedman, Britt B. B. Hodgson, Keith O. Kirk, Martin L. Musaev, Djamaladdin G. Morokuma, Keiji Geletii, Yurii V. Hill, Craig L. BE vanEldik, R TI LATE TRANSITION METAL-OXO COMPOUNDS AND OPEN-FRAMEWORK MATERIALS THAT CATALYZE AEROBIC OXIDATIONS SO ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, VOL 60 SE Advances in Inorganic Chemistry LA English DT Review ID HETEROGENEOUS ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS; OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; POROUS COORDINATION POLYMERS; ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HETEROPOLY COMPOUNDS; THIOETHER-OXIDATION; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; OLEFIN EPOXIDATION; ALKENE OXIDATION C1 [Cao, Rui; Han, Jong Woo; Anderson, Travis M.; Hillesheim, Daniel A.; Hardcastle, Kenneth I.; Geletii, Yurii V.; Hill, Craig L.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Slonkina, Elena; Hedman, Britt B. B.; Hodgson, Keith O.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Kirk, Martin L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Musaev, Djamaladdin G.; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Cao, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Geletii, Yurii/B-3930-2014 OI Geletii, Yurii/0000-0002-2287-330X FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-05-10200]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-0553581]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03-ER15461, DE-FG02-07ER15906]; National Institutes of Health [GM-057378]; U.S. DOE-BES; NIH NCRR BTP; DOE BER FX Craig L. Hill thanks the U.S. Army Research Office (W911NF-05-10200) for funding the research on catalytic network materials, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (CHE-0553581) and U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-03-ER15461 and DE-FG02-07ER15906) for funding the research on LTMO complexes and O2 activation. Martin L. Kirk acknowledges the National Institutes of Health (GM-057378) for funding work related to metal-oxo catalysis. SSRL operations are funded by the U.S. DOE-BES and the SSRL SMB program by the NIH NCRR BTP and DOE BER. NR 104 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0898-8838 BN 978-0-12-373977-3 J9 ADV INORG CHEM PY 2008 VL 60 BP 245 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0898-8838(08)00006-8 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BIJ55 UT WOS:000260085300006 ER PT B AU Shingledecker, JP AF Shingledecker, John P. BE Viswanathan, R Gandy, D Coleman, K TI Creep-Rupture Behavior and Recrystallization in Cold-Bent Boiler Tubing for USC Applications SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR FOSSIL POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants CY OCT 03-05, 2007 CL Marco Isl, FL SP Elect Power Res Inst, ASM Everything Material, NETL, Energy Ind Ohio, US DOE AB Creep-rupture experiments were conducted on candidate Ultrasupercritical (USC) alloy tubes to evaluate the effects of cold-work and recrystallization during high-temperature service. These creep tests were performed by internally pressurizing cold-bent boiler tubes at 775 degrees C for times up to 8000 hours. The bends were fabricated with cold-work levels beyond the current ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (ASME B&PV) Code Section I limits for austenitic stainless steels. Destructive metallographic evaluation of the crept tube bends was used to determine the effects of cold-work and the degree of recrystallization. The metallographic analysis combined with an evaluation of the creep and rupture data suggest that solid-solution strengthened nickel-based alloys can be fabricated for high-temperature service at USC conditions utilizing levels of cold-work higher than the current allowed levels for austenitic stainless steels. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shingledecker, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shingledecjp@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-869-4 PY 2008 BP 16 EP 28 DI 10.1361/cp2007epri0016 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BQY28 UT WOS:000282103000002 ER PT B AU Alvin, MA Pettit, F Meier, G Yanar, N Chyu, M Mazzotta, D Slaughter, W Karaivanov, V Kang, B Feng, C Chen, R Fu, TC AF Alvin, M. A. Pettit, F. Meier, G. Yanar, N. Chyu, M. Mazzotta, D. Slaughter, W. Karaivanov, V. Kang, B. Feng, C. Chen, R. Fu, T-C. BE Viswanathan, R Gandy, D Coleman, K TI MATERIALS AND COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT FOR ADVANCED TURBINE SYSTEMS SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR FOSSIL POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants CY OCT 03-05, 2007 CL Marco Isl, FL SP Elect Power Res Inst, ASM Everything Material, NETL, Energy Ind Ohio, US DOE AB In order to meet the 2010-2020 DOE Fossil Energy goals for Advanced Power Systems, future oxy-fuel and hydrogen-fired turbines will need to be operated at higher temperatures for extended periods of time, in environments that contain substantially higher moisture concentrations in comparison to current commercial natural gas-fired turbines. Development of modified or advanced material systems, combined with aerothermal concepts are currently being addressed in order to achieve successful operation of these land-based engines. To support the advanced turbine technology development, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has initiated a research program effort in collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh (UPitt), and West Virginia University (WVU), working in conjunction with commercial material and coating suppliers as Howmet International and Coatings for Industry (CFI), and test facilities as Westinghouse Plasma Corporation (WPC) and Praxair, to develop advanced material and aerothermal technologies for use in future oxy-fuel and hydrogen-fired turbine applications. Our program efforts and recent results are presented. C1 [Alvin, M. A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Alvin, MA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. OI Chen, Hung-Liang/0000-0002-4278-5593 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-869-4 PY 2008 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1361/cp2007epri0413 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BQY28 UT WOS:000282103000031 ER PT B AU Dogan, ON Holcomb, GR Alman, DE Jablonski, PD AF Dogan, Oe. N. Holcomb, G. R. Alman, D. E. Jablonski, P. D. BE Viswanathan, R Gandy, D Coleman, K TI Steamside Oxidation Behavior of Experimental 9%Cr Steels SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR FOSSIL POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants CY OCT 03-05, 2007 CL Marco Isl, FL SP Elect Power Res Inst, ASM Everything Material, NETL, Energy Ind Ohio, US DOE ID POWER-PLANTS AB Reducing emissions and increasing economic competitiveness require more efficient steam power plants that utilize fossil fuels. One of the major challenges in designing these plants is the availability of materials that can stand the supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam conditions at a competitive cost. There are several programs around the world developing new ferritic and austenitic steels for superheater and reheater tubes exposed to the advanced steam conditions. The new steels must possess properties better than current steels in terms of creep strength, steamside oxidation resistance, fireside corrosion resistance, and thermal fatigue resistance. This paper introduces a series of experimental 9%Cr steels containing Cu, Co, and Ti. Stability of the phases in the new steels is discussed and compared to the phases in the commercially available materials. The steels were tested under both the dry and moist conditions at 650 degrees C for their cyclical oxidation resistance. Results of oxidation tests are presented. Under the moist conditions, the experimental steels exhibited significantly less mass gain compared to the commercial P91 steel. Microstructural characterization of the scale revealed different oxide compositions. C1 [Dogan, Oe. N.; Holcomb, G. R.; Alman, D. E.; Jablonski, P. D.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR USA. RP Dogan, ON (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-869-4 PY 2008 BP 520 EP 530 DI 10.1361/cp2007epri0520 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BQY28 UT WOS:000282103000038 ER PT B AU Holcomb, GR AF Holcomb, G. R. BE Viswanathan, R Gandy, D Coleman, K TI Alloys for Advanced Steam Turbines-Oxidation Behavior SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR FOSSIL POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants CY OCT 03-05, 2007 CL Marco Isl, FL SP Elect Power Res Inst, ASM Everything Material, NETL, Energy Ind Ohio, US DOE ID OXIDE HYDROXIDE EVAPORATION; WATER-VAPOR; VOLATILITY; 304L AB Advanced or ultra supercritical (USC) steam power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions. Current goals of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) include power generation from coal at 60% efficiency, which would require steam temperatures of up to 760 degrees C. Current research on the oxidation of candidate materials for advanced steam turbines is presented with a focus on a methodology for estimating chromium evaporation rates from protective chromia scales. The high velocities and pressures of advanced steam turbines lead to evaporation predictions as high as 5 x 10(-8) kg m(-2)s(-1) of CrO(2)(OH)(2)(g) at 760 degrees C and 34.5 MPa. This is equivalent to 0.077 mm per year of solid Cr loss. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Holcomb, GR (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-0-87170-869-4 PY 2008 BP 897 EP 913 DI 10.1361/cp2007epri0897 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BQY28 UT WOS:000282103000065 ER PT S AU Beyerlein, IJ AF Beyerlein, Irene J. BA Zhao, Y BF Zhao, Y BE Liao, X TI Plastic behavior of metals in reverse straining after large pre-strains SO ADVANCES IN NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS PROCESSED BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bauschinger effect; severe plastic deformation; latent hardening; strain reversals; worksoftening ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; ROUTE-C; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PURE COPPER; FCC METALS; DEFORMATION; CRYSTALS AB The present work examines the reversal response of a face-centered cubic (fcc) polycrystalline metal after large pre-strains. While reversal responses among different fcc metals are similar after small pre-strains, they can vary widely after large pre-strains depending on material and microstructure. In this article, these characteristics are considered to be governed by three distinct mechanisms: (1) reverse glide of dislocations previously held by backstresses, (2) reverse glide of dislocations previously held by barriers, and (3) 'reverse hardening' by reverse glide over stable dislocation barriers formed in pre-straining. These small-scale mechanisms are incorporated into a polycrystal code to investigate their influence on the macroscopic reversal response and to interpret large strain reversal tests in the literature. It is shown that mechanism (2) is responsible for worksoftening and reductions in hardening rate and mechanism (3) for the overshoot seen in alpha-brass and other low stacking fault energy alloys. Mechanism (1) is responsible for the Bauschinger effect and occurs in all metals. A large fraction of second phases leads to a strong Bauschinger effect that can either reduce or postpone the effects of mechanisms (2) and (3). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B216,T-3, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2008 VL 579 BP 41 EP 59 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BKL28 UT WOS:000268419400004 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ AF Stolz, C. J. BE Kaiser, N Lequime, M Macleod, HA TI Status of NIF mirror technologies for completion of the NIF facility SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL THIN FILMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical Thin Films III CY SEP 02-03, 2008 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, Scottish Optoelect Assoc DE laser resistance; contamination; solarization; optical finishing; multilayer coatings; mirrors ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; LASER; FUSION; FABRICATION; METROLOGY; OPTICS; SILICA; SYSTEM; PLANS AB The 1600 mirrors required for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are now coated with the last optics currently being installed. The combined surface area of the NIF mirrors is almost 450 square meters, roughly 3.4 times greater than the surface area of the two Keck primary mirrors. Additionally, the power handling specification of NIF mirrors is 19 orders of magnitude greater than that of the Keck mirrors. The NIF laser will be at least 40x greater energy than the previous LLNL fusion laser called NOVA. To manufacture these mirrors, a number of new technologies (electrolytic in-situ dressing, ion figuring, source stabilization) were used that were not available for previous fusion laser optics. Post deposition technologies designed to increase laser resistance (off-line laser conditioning, solarization, air knives) have also been utilized. This paper summarizes the differences in technologies used to manufacture NIF mirrors from those used for previous fusion lasers and examines potential future technologies that would enable higher fluence operations and extend lifetimes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7331-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7101 AR 710115 DI 10.1117/12.797470 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BJA97 UT WOS:000264282700037 ER PT S AU Ueda, S Muramatsu, Y Denlinger, JD AF Ueda, Satoshi Muramatsu, Yasuji Denlinger, Jonathan D. BE Sabin, JR Brandas, E TI Soft X-ray emission spectral analysis of graphite fluoride (CF)(n) using the DV-X alpha calculations SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOL 54: DV-X ALPHA FOR INDUSTRIAL-ACADEMIC COOPERATION SE Advances in Quantum Chemistry LA English DT Review CT 4th International Conference DV-X(ALPHA) Method CY AUG 03-05, 2006 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Soc Discrete Variat X(Alpha), Sunchon Nat Univ AB We measured the soft X-ray emission spectra (XES) in the C and F K-regions of graphite fluoride (CF)(n) by suppressing sample decomposition due to synchrotron radiation (SR) excitation, and analyzed the X-ray spectral features using the DV-X alpha method. The high-energy peak in the C K-spectra is assigned to the pi transition due to the C 2p hybridized with the F 2p orbitals. The XES can be successfully reproduced by calculated C and F 2p density of states (DOS) of a stretched C-F bond model in which the C-F bond length is longer than the typical length of 1.397 angstrom. C1 [Ueda, Satoshi; Muramatsu, Yasuji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, Himeji, Hyogo 6702201, Japan. [Denlinger, Jonathan D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 6702201, Japan. EM murama@eng.u-hyogo.ac.jp NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3276 BN 978-0-12-373926-1 J9 ADV QUANTUM CHEM JI Adv. Quantum Chem. PY 2008 VL 54 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0065-3276(07)00017-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BHM16 UT WOS:000254222500017 ER PT S AU Kathmann, SM Schenter, GK Garrett, BC AF Kathmann, Shawn M. Schenter, Gregory K. Garrett, Bruce C. BE Sabin, JR Brandas, E TI The impact of molecular interactions on atmospheric aerosol radiative forcing SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOL 55: APPLICATIONS OF THEORETICAL METHODS TO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE SE ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID VAPOR-PHASE NUCLEATION; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MACROSCOPIC MOTHER PHASE; ION-INDUCED NUCLEATION; SULFURIC ACID-WATER; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; PHYSICAL CLUSTERS; DYNAMICAL NUCLEATION; REVERSIBLE WORK AB We review the chemical physics of nucleation and its connection to atmospheric aerosol radiative forcing. The scientific community has demanded a comprehensive investigation of aerosol radiative forcing of climate. Particular emphasis has been placed on gaining the fundamental knowledge necessary to accurately predict aerosol formation and growth and their subsequent radiative affects on climate. The chemical physics of the molecular clusters underlying nucleation will be outlined and future developments towards modeling multi-component nucleation in the atmosphere discussed. C1 [Kathmann, Shawn M.; Schenter, Gregory K.; Garrett, Bruce C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kathmann, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Garrett, Bruce/F-8516-2011; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014 OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484 NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3276 BN 978-0-12-374335-0 J9 ADV QUANTUM CHEM PY 2008 VL 55 BP 429 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S0065-3276(07)00220-1 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BHR81 UT WOS:000255834900020 ER PT S AU Yildiz, B Myers, DJ Carter, JD Chang, KC You, H AF Yildiz, Bilge Myers, Deborah J. Carter, J. David Chang, Kee-Chul You, Hoydoo BE Bansal, NP TI IN SITU X-RAY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL/ELECTROLYZER OXYGEN ELECTRODES SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID REDUCTION; POLARIZATION; CELLS AB The governing reaction mechanisms, and the electrode material compositions and structures, that controls the efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) need to be identified and well-understood for significant technological improvements. Our study on the oxygen electrodes focuses on specifically the effect of electrode crystal structure and morphology on its electrochemical performance, and the evolution of the electronic and structural properties of the electrodes while under electrochemical conditions and high temperature. We found through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments that the different crystal orientations in a given oxygen electrode material, for example La(0.8)Sr(0.2)MnO(3+d) (LSM), can show different initial performance, dissimilar processes governing the oxygen reaction mechanism, and different electrochemical activation behavior under DC bias at a given temperature in air. Our in-situ x-ray and electrochemical measurements at the Advanced Photon Source have identified the chemical states of the main components of the doped lanthanum manganite electrodes. We found that the bias and time dependent changes in the concentration and in the electronic state of the La (the A-site element of the perovskite) occurring only at the top air-electrode film interface can be responsible from the electrochemical improvement of the electrode under DC current. Our observation related to the La chemical state change is unexpected and probably unique to the electrochemical current-conditioning of the oxygen electrodes. C1 [Yildiz, Bilge; Myers, Deborah J.; Carter, J. David; Chang, Kee-Chul; You, Hoydoo] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yildiz, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19635-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 153 EP 164 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQO24 UT WOS:000281438600015 ER PT S AU Simner, SP Templeton, JW Stevenson, JW AF Simner, Steven P. Templeton, Jared W. Stevenson, Jeffry W. BE Bansal, NP TI ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MODIFIED LSM CATHODES SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB This paper describes initial data from a study designed to improve the performance of conventional strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) for use as cathodes on anode-supported thin film YSZ solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) in the temperature range (700-800 degrees C). The entire study will eventually consider an array of materials, processing and operating variables including (1) the use of a samarium doped ceria (SDC) interlayer between the LSM cathode and the thin film YSZ electrolyte, (2) cathode sintering temperature, (3) operating temperature and voltage, and (4) the addition of SDC to the LSM to form a mixed conducting composite. Regarding the last variable two processing routes will be considered to form the LSM-SDC composite mixture, namely conventional mixing of micron-sized powders (0.5-2.0 mu m), and mechanofusion mixing of micron sized LSM with nano-SDC (< 50 nm). However, given the study is still at an initial stage the data presented in this manuscript is limited to the role of the ceria interlayer, and preliminary data comparing LSM to LSM-SDC mixtures sintered at 1150 degrees C and electrochemically tested at 750 degrees C. C1 [Simner, Steven P.; Templeton, Jared W.; Stevenson, Jeffry W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simner, SP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19635-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 167 EP 175 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQO24 UT WOS:000281438600016 ER PT S AU Yang, ZG Xia, GG Stevenson, JW Singh, P AF Yang, Zhenguo Xia, Guan-Guang Stevenson, Jeffry W. Singh, Prabhakar BE Bansal, NP TI CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF INTERCONNECT CANDIDATE ALLOYS UNDER AIR//SIMULATED REFORMATE DUAL EXPOSURE CONDITIONS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; METALLIC INTERCONNECTS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; BOILER TUBES; BASE ALLOYS; AIR SIDES; SOFC; ENVIRONMENT AB Metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks, perform in a very challenging dual environment, as they are simultaneously exposed to a reducing fuel (either hydrogen or a hydrocarbon fuel) on one side and air on the other side at elevated temperatures. Thus candidate metals or alloys for the interconnect applications must demonstrate excellent surface stability under the SOFC operating conditions. Following previous studies which led to an improved understanding of the oxidation/corrosion behavior of metals and alloys under air/hydrogen dual exposure conditions, PNNL recently investigated the behavior of Fe-Cr and Ni-Cr base interconnect candidate alloys in an air/simulated reformate dual environment. This paper reports and discusses the findings of this work. C1 [Yang, Zhenguo; Xia, Guan-Guang; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Singh, Prabhakar] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19635-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQO24 UT WOS:000281438600026 ER PT S AU Cruse, TA Krumpelt, M Ingram, BJ AF Cruse, Terry A. Krumpelt, Michael Ingram, Brian J. BE Bansal, NP TI DEGRADATION OF SOFCs IN CONTACT WITH E-BRIT (R) SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID FUEL-CELLS; INTERCONNECT AB Cathode degradation of solid oxide fuel cells operating at 800 degrees C and 700 degrees C was studied in a single cell configuration with an E-Brite interconnect/current collector. The anode (Ni/YSZ) supported cells consisted of an electrolyte (8YSZ), an active cathode (LSM/YSZ), and a contact cathode (LSM). The primary focus of the work presented here examines the difference in chromium poisoning at 700 degrees C and 800 degrees C. A significant increase in the degradation rate was observed in both the operating voltage as well as the maximum power density of cells operated at 700 degrees C relative to 800 degrees C. One of the factors appears to be the absence of a protective chromia scale at 700 degrees C. and another is the smaller triple phase boundary area.. C1 [Cruse, Terry A.; Krumpelt, Michael; Ingram, Brian J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cruse, TA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19635-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 289 EP 300 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQO24 UT WOS:000281438600027 ER PT S AU Corral, EL Gauntt, BD Loehman, RE AF Corral, Erica L. Gauntt, Bryan D. Loehman, Ronald E. BE Bansal, NP TI PROPERTIES OF PARTICLE-FILLED GLASS COMPOSITES USED FOR SEALING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB Sealant materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) must meet a demanding set of performance criteria for operating lifetimes of up to 40,000 hr. The resulting seals must be gas tight at temperatures up to 1000 degrees C, resist stresses from thermal gradients and expansion mismatch of different stack materials, and perform reliably over long times at high temperatures in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. Ceramic and metal filled glass composite sealants provide for greater design flexibility than other approaches. The seal properties can be tailored by varying the composition, amount, and microstructure of the particulate phase. Composite properties such as glass transition temperature, viscosity, and thermal expansion coefficient can be altered by rational control of the glass chemistry and composite microstructure. Several specific materials combinations have been engineered to meet the demanding set of criteria for sealing materials in SOFCs and characterized by means of viscosity measurements at the proposed operating temperature of 750 degrees C. The influence of the matrix/particle interactions has been separated from the mechanical effects of the added phase in studies that systematically vary the chemical composition of the particles. Models for composite suspension viscosity were also used to interpret the observed variation in viscosity with composition and volume fraction of the filler. C1 [Corral, Erica L.; Gauntt, Bryan D.; Loehman, Ronald E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Corral, EL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE,Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19635-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQO24 UT WOS:000281438600029 ER PT S AU Liu, WN Sun, X Khaleel, MA Qu, JM AF Liu, W. N. Sun, X. Khaleel, M. A. Qu, J. M. BE Bansal, NP TI FRACTURE FAILURE CRITERIA OF SOFC PEN STRUCTURE SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS III SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID FUEL-CELL; CRACKING AB Thermal stress and warpage of the PEN are unavoidable due to the temperature change from the stress-free sintering temperature to room temperature and mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of various layers in the PEN structures of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) during the PEN manufacturing process. In the meantime, additional mechanical stresses will also be created by mechanical flattening during the stack assembly process. The porous nature of anode and cathode in the PEN structures determines presence of the initial flaws and crack on the interfaces of anode/electrolyte/cathode and in the interior of the materials. The sintering/assembling induced stresses may cause the fracture failure of PEN structure. Therefore, fracture failure criteria for SOFC PEN structures is developed in order to ensure the structural integrity of the cell and stack of SOFC. In this paper, the fracture criteria based on the relationship between the critical energy release rate and critical curvature and maximum displacement of the warped cells caused by the temperature changes as well as mechanical flattening process is established so that possible failure of SOFC PEN structures may be predicted deterministically by the measurement of the curvature and displacement of the warped cells. C1 [Liu, W. N.; Sun, X.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3180 George Washington Way,K6-08, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Qu, J. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Liu, WN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3180 George Washington Way,K6-08, Richland, WA 99354 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU U .S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL); U S . Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This paper was funded as part of the Solid-state Enerky Conversion Alliance (SECA) Core Technology Program by the U .S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U S . Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19635-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 389 EP + PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQO24 UT WOS:000281438600035 ER PT S AU Bostwick, A Emtsev, KV Horn, K Huwald, E Ley, L McChesney, JL Ohta, T Riley, J Rotenberg, E Speck, F Seyller, T AF Bostwick, A. Emtsev, K. V. Horn, K. Huwald, E. Ley, L. McChesney, J. L. Ohta, T. Riley, J. Rotenberg, E. Speck, F. Seyller, Th. BE Haug, R TI Photoemission studies of graphene on SiC: Growth, interface, and electronic structure SO ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the Arbeitskreis-Festkorperphysik/71st Annual Meeting of the Deutsche-Physikalische-Gesellschaft CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Regensburg, GERMANY SP Arbeitskreis Festkorperphys, Deutsch Phys Gesell ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; BILAYER GRAPHENE; DIRAC FERMIONS; BERRYS PHASE; QUANTUM-WELL; CORE-LEVEL; GRAPHITE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SURFACES; 6H-SIC(0001) AB The possibility to grow well ordered graphitic films on SiC(0001) surfaces with thicknesses down to a single graphene layer is promising for future applications. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a versatile technique for investigating a variety of fundamentals and technologically relevant properties of this system. We survey results from recent PES studies with a focus on the growth of graphene and few layer graphene, the electronic and structural properties of the interface to the SiC substrate, and the electronic structure of the films. C1 [Bostwick, A.; Ohta, T.; Rotenberg, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Emtsev, K. V.; Ley, L.; McChesney, J. L.; Speck, F.; Seyller, Th.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, Nurnberg, Germany. [Horn, K.; Ohta, T.] Fritz Haber Inst, Abt Molphys, Berlin, Germany. [Huwald, E.; Riley, J.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Bostwick, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. EM Thomas.Seyller@physik.uni-erlangen.de RI McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1438-4329 BN 978-3-540-74324-8 J9 ADV SOLID STATE PHYS PY 2008 VL 47 BP 159 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74325-5_13 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BIA08 UT WOS:000257878700013 ER PT J AU Jian, L Russell, CT Luhmann, JG Skoug, RM AF Jian, L. Russell, C. T. Luhmann, J. G. Skoug, R. M. TI Evolution of solar wind structures from 0.72 to 1 AU SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE interplanetary coronal mass ejection or ICME; stream interaction; radial evolution; Pioneer Venus Orbiter or PVO ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; STREAM INTERACTION REGIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SPACECRAFT; ULYSSES; ORBITER; PLASMA; CME; INTERFACES AB Understanding the evolution of solar wind structures in the inner heliosphere as they approach the Earth is important to space weather prediction. From the in situ solar wind plasma and magnetic field measurements of Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) at 0.72 AU (1979-1988), and of Wind/Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) missions at 1 AU (1995-2004), we identify and characterize two major solar wind structures, stream interaction regions (SIRs) and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). The average percentage of SIRs occurring with shocks increases significantly from 3% to 24% as they evolve from 0.72 to 1 AU. The average occurrence rate, radial extent, and bulk velocity variation of SIRs do not change from 0.72 to I AU, while peak pressure and magnetic field strength both decrease with the radial evolution of SIRs. Within the 0.28 AU distance from the orbit of Venus to that of Earth, the average fraction of ICMEs with shocks increases from 49% to 66%, and the typical radial extent of lCMEs expands by about a fraction of 1.4, with peak pressure and magnetic field strength decreasing significantly. The mean occurrence rate and expansion velocity of ICMEs do not change from 0.72 to 1 AU. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jian, L.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Skoug, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sp Sci & Appl, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jian, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 595 Charles E Young Dr E,6862 Slichter, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jlan@igpp.ucla.edu; ctrussel@igpp.ucla.edu; jgluhman@ssi.berkeley.edu; rskoug@lanl.gov RI Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010; OI Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.023 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268PA UT WOS:000253590500003 ER PT J AU Funk, S AF Funk, S. TI VHE Gamma-ray supernova remnants SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE supernova remnant; pulsar wind nebula; gamma-ray astronomy ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; NONTHERMAL X-RAYS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; CRAB-NEBULA; RX J1713.7-3946; ASTROPHYSICAL SHOCKS; GALACTIC SUPERNOVA; HESS OBSERVATIONS; CASSIOPEIA-A AB Increasing observational evidence gathered especially in X-rays and gamma-rays during the course of the last few years support the notion that Supernova remnants (SNRs) are Galactic particle accelerators up to energies close to the "knee" in the energy spectrum of Cosmic rays. This review summarises the current status of gamma-ray observations of SNRs. Shell-type as well as plerionic type SNRs are addressed and prospect for observations of these two source classes with the upcoming GLAST satellite in the energy regime above 100 MeV are given. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 SLAC, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Funk, S (reprint author), SLAC, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,POB 0029, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM Stefan.Funk@slac.stanford.edu RI Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015 OI Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.076 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268PB UT WOS:000253590600011 ER PT J AU Taylor, MGGT Lavraud, B Escoubet, CP Milan, SE Nykyri, K Dunlop, MW Davies, JA Friedel, RHW Frey, H Bogdanova, YV Asnes, A Laakso, H Travnicek, P Masson, A Opgenoorth, H Vallat, C Fazakerley, AN Lahiff, AD Owen, CJ Pitout, F Pu, Z Shen, C Zong, QG Reme, H Scudder, J Zhang, TL AF Taylor, M. G. G. T. Lavraud, B. Escoubet, C. P. Milan, S. E. Nykyri, K. Dunlop, M. W. Davies, J. A. Friedel, R. H. W. Frey, H. Bogdanova, Y. V. Asnes, A. Laakso, H. Travnicek, P. Masson, A. Opgenoorth, H. Vallat, C. Fazakerley, A. N. Lahiff, A. D. Owen, C. J. Pitout, F. Pu, Z. Shen, C. Zong, Q. G. Reme, H. Scudder, J. Zhang, T. L. TI The plasma sheet and boundary layers under northward IMF: A multi-point and multi-instrument perspective SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE plasma sheet; magnetopshere; cold dense plasma sheet; cluster; double star ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOTAIL BOUNDARY; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; MHD SIMULATION; SOLAR-WIND; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOPAUSE AB During conditions of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the near-tail plasma sheet is known to become denser and cooler, and is described as the cold-dense plasma sheet (CDPS). While its source is likely the solar wind, the prominent penetration mechanisms are less clear. The two main candidates are solar wind direct capture via double high-latitude reconnection on the dayside and Kelvin-Helmholtz/diffusive processes at the flank magnetopause. This paper presents a case study on the formation of the CDPS utilizing a wide variety of space- and ground-based observations, but primarily from the Double Star and Polar spacecraft on December 5th, 2004. The pertinent observations can be summarized as follows: TC-1 observes quasi-periodic (similar to 2 min period) cold-dense boundary layer (compared to a hot-tenuous plasma sheet) signatures interspersed with magnetosheath plasma at the dusk flank magnetopause near the dawn-dusk terminator. Analysis of this region suggests the boundary to be Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable and that plasma transport is ongoing across the boundary. At the same time, IMAGE spacecraft and ground based SuperDARN measurements provide evidence of high-latitude reconnection in both hemispheres. The Polar spacecraft, located in the southern hemisphere afternoon sector, sunward of TC-1, observes a persistent boundary layer with no obvious signature of boundary waves. The plasma is of a similar appearance to that observed by TC-1 inside the boundary layer further down the dusk flank, and by TC-2 in the near-Earth magnetotail. We present comparisons of electron phase space distributions between the spacecraft. Although the dayside boundary layer at Polar is most likely formed via double high-altitude reconnection, and is somewhat comparable to the flank boundary layer at Double Star, some differences argue in favour of additional transport that augment solar wind plasma entry into the tail regions. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, M. G. G. T.; Escoubet, C. P.; Asnes, A.; Laakso, H.; Masson, A.; Opgenoorth, H.; Vallat, C.] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Taylor, M. G. G. T.; Bogdanova, Y. V.; Fazakerley, A. N.; Lahiff, A. D.; Owen, C. J.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Lavraud, B.; Friedel, R. H. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Milan, S. E.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Nykyri, K.; Dunlop, M. W.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Frey, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Travnicek, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. [Travnicek, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Pitout, F.] Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Pitout, F.] Lab Planetol Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Pu, Z.] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Shen, C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Zong, Q. G.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA USA. [Reme, H.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse 4, France. [Scudder, J.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Zhang, T. L.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, IWF, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Taylor, MGGT (reprint author), ESA ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM mtaylor@rssd.esa.int RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014; OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282; Nykyri, Katariina/0000-0002-6905-9487 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1619 EP 1629 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.013 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 305NY UT WOS:000256186300014 ER PT J AU Pickett, JS Chen, LJ Mutel, RL Christopher, IW Santolik, O Lakhina, GS Singh, SV Reddy, RV Gurnett, DA Tsurutani, BT Lucek, E Lavraud, B AF Pickett, J. S. Chen, L. -J. Mutel, R. L. Christopher, I. W. Santolik, O. Lakhina, G. S. Singh, S. V. Reddy, R. V. Gurnett, D. A. Tsurutani, B. T. Lucek, E. Lavraud, B. TI Furthering our understanding of electrostatic solitary waves through Cluster multispacecraft observations and theory SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE electrostatic solitary waves; ESW propagation; cluster; magnetosheath; auroral acceleration region ID RADIATION FINE-STRUCTURE; PHASE-SPACE HOLES; ACOUSTIC SOLITONS; AURORAL-ZONE; PLASMA-WAVES; POLAR; ION; GENERATION; BIPOLAR; BEAMS AB Nonlinear isolated electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are observed routinely at many of Earth's major boundaries by the Wideband Data (WBD) plasma wave receivers that are mounted on the four Cluster satellites. The current study discusses two aspects of ESWs: their characteristics in the magnetosheath, and their propagation in the magnetosheath and in the auroral acceleration (upward current) region. The characteristics (amplitude and time duration) of ESWs detected in the magnetosheath are presented for one case in which special mutual impedance tests were conducted allowing for the determination of the density and temperature of the hot and cold electrons. These electron parameters, together with those from the ion experiment, were used as inputs to an electron acoustic soliton model as a consideration for the generation of the observed ESWs. The results from this model showed that negative potential ESWs of a few Debye lengths (10-50 m) could be generated in this plasma. Other models of ESW generation are discussed, including beam instabilities and spontaneous generation out of turbulence. The results of two types of ESW propagation (in situ and remote sensing) studies are also presented. The first involves the propagation of bipolar type ESWs from one Cluster spacecraft to another in the magnetosheath, thus obtaining the velocity and size of the solitary structures. The structures were found to be very flat, with large scale perpendicular to the magnetic field (>40 km) and small scale parallel to the field (<1 km). These results were then discussed in terms of various models which predict such flat structures to be generated. The second type of propagation study uses striated Auroral Kilometric Radiation (SAKR) bursts, observed on multiple Cluster satellites, as tracers of ion solitary waves in the upward current region. The results of all studies discussed here (pulse characteristics and ESW velocity, lifetime, and size) are compared to in situ measurements previously made on one spacecraft and to theoretical predictions for these quantities, where available. The primary conclusion drawn from the propagation studies is that the multiple spacecraft technique allows us to better assess the stability (lifetime) of ESWs, which can be as large as a few seconds, than can be achieved with single satellites. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pickett, J. S.; Mutel, R. L.; Christopher, I. W.; Santolik, O.; Gurnett, D. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Chen, L. -J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Santolik, O.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. [Santolik, O.] IAP CAS, Prague 18000, Czech Republic. [Lakhina, G. S.; Singh, S. V.; Reddy, R. V.] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, New Panvel W 410218, Navi Mumbai, India. [Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lucek, E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Lavraud, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space & Atmospher Sci 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pickett, JS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM pickett@uiowa.edu RI Chen, Li-Jen/C-2106-2012; Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012; Singh, satyavir/C-8949-2012; Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014; OI Singh, satyavir/0000-0003-2758-7713; Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1666 EP 1676 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.064 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 305NY UT WOS:000256186300019 ER PT J AU Fuke, H Koglin, JE Yoshida, T Aramaki, T Craig, WW Fabris, L Gahbauer, F Hailey, CJ Jou, FJ Madden, N Mori, K Yu, HT Ziock, KP AF Fuke, H. Koglin, J. E. Yoshida, T. Aramaki, T. Craig, W. W. Fabris, L. Gahbauer, F. Hailey, C. J. Jou, F. J. Madden, N. Mori, K. Yu, H. T. Ziock, K. P. TI Current status and future plans for the general antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS) SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dark matter; dark matter detectors; cosmic-rays; cosmic-ray detectors; antiparticle; antideuteron; exotic atom; GAPS ID ANTIMATTER; PROBE; RAYS AB We discuss current progress and future plans for the general antiparticle spectrometer experiment (GAPS). GAPS detects antideuterons through the X-rays and pions emitted during the deexcitation of exotic atoms formed when the antideuterons are slowed down and stopped in targets. GAPS provides an exceptionally sensitive means to detect cosmic-ray antideuterons. Cosmic-ray antideuterons can provide indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter in such form as neutralinos or Kaluza-Klein particles. We describe results of accelerator testing of GAPS prototypes, tentative design concepts for a flight GAPS detector, and near-term plans for flying a GAPS prototype on a balloon. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fuke, H.; Yoshida, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Koglin, J. E.; Aramaki, T.; Gahbauer, F.; Hailey, C. J.; Jou, F. J.; Yu, H. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Craig, W. W.; Fabris, L.; Madden, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gahbauer, F.] Univ Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia. [Mori, K.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Ziock, K. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fuke, H (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM fuke@balloon.isas.jaxa.jp; koglin@astro.columbia.edu RI Gahbauer, Florian/J-9542-2014; Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Gahbauer, Florian/0000-0002-7126-2513; Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2056 EP 2060 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.041 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 313CW UT WOS:000256719700019 ER PT S AU Skurikhin, AN AF Skurikhin, Alexei N. BE Bebis, G TI Proximity Graphs Based Multi-scale Image Segmentation SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY DEC 01-03, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, SIEMENS, Intel, Digital Persona, EQUINOX, Hp Invent, Ford, MITSUBISHI, Utopia Compress, Informat CORE ID CUTS AB We present a novel multi-scale image segmentation approach based on irregular triangular and polygonal tessellations produced by proximity graphs. Our approach consists of two separate stages: polygonal seeds generation followed by an iterative bottom-up polygon agglomeration. We employ constrained Delaunay triangulation combined with the principles known from visual perception to extract an initial irregular polygonal tessellation of the image. These initial polygons are built upon a triangular mesh composed of irregular sized triangles, whose spatial arrangement is adapted to the image content. We represent the image as a graph with vertices corresponding to the built polygons and edges reflecting polygon relations. The segmentation problem is then formulated as Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) construction. We build a successive fine-to-coarse hierarchy of irregular polygonal partitions by an iterative graph contraction. It uses local information and merges the polygons bottom-up based on local region- and edge-based characteristics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skurikhin, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alexei@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89638-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5358 BP 298 EP 307 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIZ95 UT WOS:000264057800029 ER PT S AU Huang, XR Zhong, Z Cai, YQ Coburm, S AF Huang, Xian-Rong Zhong, Zhong Cai, Yong Q. Coburm, S. BA Goto, S BF Goto, S BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Development of ultrahigh-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering optics SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; angular dispersion; monochromator; analyzer; inelastic x-ray scattering AB One of the major goals of the National Synchrotron Light Source II project is to achieve ultrahigh energy resolution up to 0.1 meV for medium-energy inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy based on the angular dispersion optics employing extremely asymmetric backscattering geometry. In this papaer, we describe the complete monochromatization mechanisms underlying the new optics. We have also designed and tested a CDW-CDW prototype under ambient condition. with which we have successfully demonstrated the important angular dispersion effect, the Borrman enhanced transmission effect, and other optical principles involved in every step of the entire diffraction process, and found good agreement with the theoretical expectations. These studies indicate that the new optics are feasible in principle but face some technical challenges that need to be solved by our future systematic research and development activities before their practical applications. C1 [Huang, Xian-Rong; Zhong, Zhong; Cai, Yong Q.; Coburm, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Huang, XR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM xhuang@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7077 AR 70771A DI 10.1117/12.795283 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIZ41 UT WOS:000263954400035 ER PT S AU Kirschman, JL Domning, EE McKinney, WR Morrison, GY Smith, BV Yashchuk, VV AF Kirschman, Jonathan L. Domning, Edward E. McKinney, Wayne R. Morrison, Gregory Y. Smith, Brian V. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BA Goto, S BF Goto, S BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Performance of the upgraded LTP-II at the ALS Optical Metrology Laboratory SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE slope measuring instrument; long trace profiler; LTP; 2D detector; error; systematic error reduction ID LONG-TRACE-PROFILER; PENCIL BEAM INTERFEROMETER; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR REDUCTION; PRECISION CALIBRATION; PENTA-PRISM; IMPROVEMENTS; ACCURACY; SURFACES; FIGURE; DEVICE AB The next generation of synchrotrons and free electron laser facilities requires x-ray optical systems with extremely high performance, generally of diffraction limited quality. Fabrication and use of such optics requires adequate, highly accurate metrology and dedicated instrumentation. Previously, we suggested ways to improve the performance of the Long Trace profiler (LTP), a slope measuring instrument widely used to characterize x-ray optics at long spatial wavelengths. The main way is use of a CCD detector and corresponding technique for calibration of photo-response non-uniformity [J. L. Kirschman, et al., Proceedings of SPIE 6704, 67040J (2007)]. The present work focuses on the performance and characteristics of the upgraded LTP-II at the ALS Optical Metrology Laboratory. This includes a review of the overall aspects of the design, control system, the movement and measurement regimes for the stage, and analysis of the performance by a slope measurement of a highly curved super-quality substrate with less than 0.3 microradian (rms) slope variation. C1 [Kirschman, Jonathan L.; Domning, Edward E.; McKinney, Wayne R.; Morrison, Gregory Y.; Smith, Brian V.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kirschman, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vvyashchuk@lbl.gov RI yu, yan/C-2322-2012; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7077 AR 70770A DI 10.1117/12.796335 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIZ41 UT WOS:000263954400007 ER PT S AU Maj, JA Goetze, K Macrander, AT Zhong, YC Huang, XR Maj, L AF Maj, J. A. Goetze, K. Macrander, A. T. Zhong, Y. C. Huang, X. R. Maj, L. BA Goto, S BF Goto, S BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Crystal Quality Analysis and Improvement Using X-ray Topography SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The Topography X-ray Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory operates as a collaborative effort with APS users to produce high performance crystals for APS X-ray beamline experiments. For many years the topography laboratory has worked closely with an on-site optics shop to help ensure the production of crystals with the highest quality, most stress-free surface finish possible. It has been instrumental in evaluating and refining methods used to produce high quality crystals. Topographical analysis has shown to be an effective method to quantify and determine the distribution of stresses, to help identify methods that would mitigate the stresses and improve the Rocking curve, and to create CCD images of the crystal. This paper describes the topography process and offers methods for reducing crystal stresses in order to substantially improve the crystal optics. C1 [Maj, J. A.; Goetze, K.; Macrander, A. T.; Zhong, Y. C.; Huang, X. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maj, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7077 AR 70771L DI 10.1117/12.797859 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIZ41 UT WOS:000263954400036 ER PT S AU McCarville, TJ Stefan, PM Woods, B Bionta, RM Soufli, R Pivovaroff, MJ AF McCarville, T. J. Stefan, P. M. Woods, B. Bionta, R. M. Soufli, R. Pivovaroff, M. J. BA Goto, S BF Goto, S BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Opto-mechanical design considerations for the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray mirror system SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray FEL; opto-mechanical; mirror figure; pointing resolution; pointing stability AB The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is all X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) currently under construction at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Coherent X-rays present interesting challenges for the opto-mechanical system that delivers the beam to experiments. One challenge is to limit the effect mirror reflections have on the beam intensity profile at the experiment stations. This imposes stringent requirements on mirror surface figure. A second challenge is that the distance from the mirrors to experiments is much greater than for prior generation x-ray sources. This imposes stringent requirements on mirror pointing resolution and stability. Pointing resolution must be within 100 nano-radians for the furthest experiments, and must be stable throughout the experiment duration. This paper describes the opto-mechanical system being designed for LCLS, and how it rises to these challenges. The design approach and supporting analysis are described, along with experimental results from prototypes. C1 [McCarville, T. J.; Woods, B.; Bionta, R. M.; Soufli, R.; Pivovaroff, M. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McCarville, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014 OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7077 AR 70770E DI 10.1117/12.795912 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIZ41 UT WOS:000263954400011 ER PT S AU Soufli, R Pivovaroff, MJ Baker, SL Robinson, JC Gullikson, EM McCarville, TJ Stefan, PM Aquila, AL Ayers, J McKernan, MA Bionta, RM AF Soufli, Regina Pivovaroff, Michael J. Baker, Sherry L. Robinson, Jeff C. Gullikson, Eric M. McCarville, Tom J. Stefan, Peter M. Aquila, Andrew L. Ayers, Jay McKernan, Mark A. Bionta, Richard M. BA Goto, S BF Goto, S BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Development, characterization and experimental performance of x-ray optics for the LCLS free-electron laser SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free-electron lasers; x-ray optics; boron carbide ID CARBIDE THIN-FILMS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; LIGHT-SOURCE; CONSTANTS; COATINGS AB This manuscript discusses the development of reflective optics for the x-ray offset mirror systems of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), a 0.15-1.5 nm free-electron laser (FEL) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The unique properties (such as the high peak brightness) of the LCLS FEL beam translate to strict lit-nits in terms of materials choice, thus leading to an x-ray mirror design consisting of a reflective coating deposited on a silicon substrate. Furthermore, the physics requirements for these mirrors result in stringent surface figure and finish specifications that challenge the state-of-the-art in x-ray substrate manufacturing, thin film deposition, and metrology capabilities. Recent experimental results on the development, optimization, and characterization of the LCLS soft x-ray mirrors are presented in this manuscript, including: precision Surface metrology on the silicon substrates, and the development of boron carbide reflective coatings with reduced stress and thickness variation < 0.14 nm rms across the 175-mm clear aperture area of the LCLS soft x-ray mirrors. C1 [Soufli, Regina; Pivovaroff, Michael J.; Baker, Sherry L.; Robinson, Jeff C.; McCarville, Tom J.; Ayers, Jay; McKernan, Mark A.; Bionta, Richard M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM regina.soufli@llnl.gov RI Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014 OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7077 AR 707716 DI 10.1117/12.796876 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIZ41 UT WOS:000263954400033 ER PT S AU Voronov, DL Cambie, R Gullikson, EM Yashchuk, VV Padmore, HA Pershin, YP Ponomarenko, AG Kondratenko, VV AF Voronov, Dmitriy L. Cambie, Rossana Gullikson, Eric M. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Padmore, Howard A. Pershin, Yuri P. Ponomarenko, Alexander G. Kondratenko, Valeriy V. BA Goto, S BF Goto, S BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Fabrication and characterization of a new high density Sc/Si multilayer sliced grating SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; high density grating; anisotropically etched silicon gratings; soft x-ray multilayers; sliced multilayer grating; spectral resolution; RIXS ID COATED ECHELLE GRATINGS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; EFFICIENCY; REGION; SPECTROGRAPH; SOLIDS; OPTICS AB State of the art soft x-ray spectroscopy techniques like Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) require diffraction gratings which can provide extremely high spectral resolution of 10(5)-10(6). This problem may be addressed with a sliced multilayer grating with an ultra-high groove density (up to 50,000 mm(-1)) proposed in the recent publication [Voronov, D. L.. Cambie, R., Feshchenko, R. M., Gullikson, E., Padmore, H. A., Vinogradov, A. V., Yashchuk, V. V., Proc. SPIE 6705, 67050E (2007)]. It has been suggested to fabricate such a grating by deposition of a soft x-ray multilayer on a substrate which is a blazed saw-tooth grating (echellette) with low groove density. Subsequent polishing applied to the coated grating removes part of the coating and forms an oblique-cut multiline structure that is a sliced multilayer grating. The resulting grating has a short-scale periodicity of lines (bilayers), which is defined by the multilayer period and the oblique-cut angle. We fabricated and tested a Sc/Si multilayer sliced grating suitable for EUV applications, which is a first prototype based on the suggested technique. In order to fabricate an echellette substrate, we used anisotropic KOH etching of a Si wafer. The etching regime was optimized to obtain smooth and flat echellette facets. A Sc/Si multilayer was deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering, and after that it was mechanically polished using a number of diamond pastes. The resulting sliced grating prototype with similar to 270 nm line period has demonstrated a dispersive ability in the 41-49 nm photon wavelength range with a diffraction efficiency of similar to 7% for the optimized 38th order assigned to the echellette grating of 10 mu m period. C1 [Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Cambie, Rossana; Gullikson, Eric M.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Padmore, Howard A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Voronov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlvoronov@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7297-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7077 AR 707708 DI 10.1117/12.795377 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIZ41 UT WOS:000263954400005 ER PT S AU Yan, HF Maser, J Kang, HC Macrander, A Stephenson, B AF Yan, Hanfei Maser, Jorg Kang, Hyon Chol Macrander, Albert Stephenson, Brian BA Goto, S BF Goto, S BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI A theoretical study of two-dimensional point focusing by two multilayer Laue lenses SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hard x-ray; multilayer Laue lens; point focusing; misalignment AB Hard x-ray point focusing by two crossed multilayer Laue lenses is studied using a full-wave modeling approach. This study shows that for a small numerical aperture, the two consecutive diffraction processes can be decoupled into two independent ones in respective directions. Using this theoretical tool, we investigate adverse effects of various misalignments on the 2D focus profile and discuss the tolerance to them. We also derive simple expressions that describe the required alignment accuracy. C1 [Yan, Hanfei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yan, HF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Yan, Hanfei/F-7993-2011 OI Yan, Hanfei/0000-0001-6824-0367 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7297-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7077 AR 70770Q DI 10.1117/12.795721 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BIZ41 UT WOS:000263954400021 ER PT J AU Gallavardin, SJ Froyd, KD Lohmann, U Moehler, O Murphy, DM Cziczo, DJ AF Gallavardin, Stephane J. Froyd, Karl D. Lohmann, Ulrike Moehler, Ottmar Murphy, Daniel M. Cziczo, Daniel J. TI Single Particle Laser Mass Spectrometry Applied to Differential Ice Nucleation Experiments at the AIDA Chamber SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; MINERAL DUST; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; DENSITY; NUCLEI; WATER; ACID; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; PRESSURES AB Experiments conducted at the Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) chamber located in Karlsruhe, Germany permit investigation of particle properties that affect the nucleation of ice at temperature and water vapor conditions relevant to cloud microphysics and climate issues. Ice clouds were generated by heterogeneous nucleation of Arizona test dust (ATD), illite, and hematite and homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid. Ice crystals formed in the chamber were inertially separated from unactivated, or "interstitial" aerosol particles with a pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI), then evaporated. The ice residue (i.e., the aerosol which initiated ice nucleation plus any material which was scavenged from the gas- and/or particlephase), was chemically characterized at the single particle level using a laser ionization mass spectrometer. In this manner the species that first nucleated ice could be identified out of a mixed aerosol population in the chamber. Bare mineral dust particles were more effective ice nuclei (IN) than similar particles with a coating. Metallic particles from contamination in the chamber initiated ice nucleation before other species but there were few enough that they did not compromise the experiments. Nitrate, sulfate, and organics were often detected on particles and ice residue, evidently from scavenging of trace gas- phase species in the chamber. Hematite was a more effective ice nucleus than illite. Ice residue was frequently larger than unactivated test aerosol due to the formation of aggregates due to scavenging, condensation of contaminant gases, and the predominance of larger aerosol in nucleation. C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gallavardin, Stephane J.; Lohmann, Ulrike; Cziczo, Daniel J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Daniel M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Froyd, Karl D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moehler, Ottmar] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.cziczo@pnl.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 773 EP 791 DI 10.1080/02786820802339538 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496HH UT WOS:000269960300003 ER PT J AU Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR Rader, DJ AF Gallis, M. A. Torczynski, J. R. Rader, D. J. TI Nonzero-concentration boundary condition for advection-diffusion aerosol-transport modeling SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Gallis, M. A.; Torczynski, J. R.; Rader, D. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Torczynski, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrtorcz@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000]; Intel Corporation under CRADA [SC93/01154] FX This work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Intel Corporation under CRADA SC93/01154 and technical interactions with Kevin J. Orvek, Intel contract monitor, David Y. H. Pui and JingWang, University of Minnesota, and Christof Asbach and Heinz Fissan, IUTA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 10 BP 829 EP 831 DI 10.1080/02786820802339603 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348WE UT WOS:000259240000004 ER PT J AU Jones, RW McClelland, J AF Jones, R. W. McClelland, J. BE Martin, R TI Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of ageing composites SO AGEING OF COMPOSITES SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; GLASS-FIBER; FT-IR; THERMOOXIDATIVE DEGRADATION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CARBON COMPOSITES; GRAPHITE-EPOXY; POLYMER; INTERFACE C1 [Jones, R. W.; McClelland, J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jones, R. W.; McClelland, J.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jonesrw@ameslab.gov; mcclelland@ameslab.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84569 352 7 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2008 BP 160 EP 185 DI 10.1533/9781845694937.1.160 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BOI32 UT WOS:000276713500007 ER PT J AU Kulatilaka, WD Naik, SV Lucht, RP AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Naik, Sameer V. Lucht, Robert P. TI Development of high-spectral-resolution planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging diagnostics for high-speed gas flows SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PULSE-BURST LASER; FIELD MEASUREMENTS; VELOCITY; NO; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; VELOCIMETRY; SCATTERING; NITROGEN; DENSITY C1 [Naik, Sameer V.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Room 86,Mech Engn Bldg,585 Prudue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@ecn.purdue.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.2514/1.34971 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 250PO UT WOS:000252312700001 ER PT J AU Ngumbela, KC Day, CL Mncube, Z Nair, K Ramduth, D Thobakgale, C Moodley, E Reddy, S de Pierres, C Mkhwanazi, N Bishop, K van der Stok, M Ismail, N Honeyborne, I Crawford, H Kavanagh, DG Rousseau, C Nickle, D Mullins, J Heckerman, D Korber, B Coovadia, H Kiepiela, P Goulder, PJR Walker, BD AF Ngumbela, K. C. Day, C. L. Mncube, Z. Nair, K. Ramduth, D. Thobakgale, C. Moodley, E. Reddy, S. de Pierres, C. Mkhwanazi, N. Bishop, K. van der Stok, M. Ismail, N. Honeyborne, I. Crawford, H. Kavanagh, D. G. Rousseau, C. Nickle, D. Mullins, J. Heckerman, D. Korber, B. Coovadia, H. Kiepiela, P. Goulder, P. J. R. Walker, B. D. TI Targeting of a CD8 T cell Env epitope presented by HLA-B*5802 is associated with markers of HIV disease progression and lack of selection pressure SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; VIRAL LOAD; CLASS-I; HLA-B; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ESCAPE VARIANTS; INFECTION; VIREMIA AB In HIV-infected persons, certain HLA class I alleles are associated with effective control of viremia, while others are associated with rapid disease progression. Among the most divergent clinical outcomes are the relatively good prognosis in HLA-B*5801 expressing persons and poor prognosis with HLA-B*5802. These two alleles differ by only three amino acids in regions involved in HLA-peptide recognition. This study evaluated a cohort of over 1000 persons with chronic HIV clade C virus infection to determine whether clinical outcome differences associated with B*5801 (n = 93) and B*5802 (n = 259) expression are associated with differences in HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. The overall breadth and magnitude of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses were lower in persons expressing B*5802, and epitope presentation by B*5802 contributed significantly less to the overall response as compared to B*5801-restricted CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, viral load in B*5802-positive persons was higher and CD4 cell counts lower when this allele contributed to the overall CD8(+) T cell response, which was detected exclusively through a single epitope in Env. In addition, persons heterozygous for B*5802 compared to persons homozygous for other HLA-B alleles had significantly higher viral loads. Viral sequencing revealed strong selection pressure mediated through B*5801-restricted responses but not through B*5802. These data indicate that minor differences in HLA sequence can have a major impact on epitope recognition, and that selective targeting of Env through HLA-B*5802 is at least ineffectual if not actively adverse in the containment of viremia. These results provide experimental evidence that not all epitope-specific responses contribute to immune containment, a better understanding of which is essential to shed light on mechanisms involved in HIV disease progression. C1 [Ngumbela, K. C.; Day, C. L.; Mncube, Z.; Nair, K.; Ramduth, D.; Thobakgale, C.; Moodley, E.; Reddy, S.; de Pierres, C.; Mkhwanazi, N.; Bishop, K.; van der Stok, M.; Ismail, N.; Honeyborne, I.; Coovadia, H.; Kiepiela, P.; Goulder, P. J. R.; Walker, B. D.] Univ Kwazulu Natal, Nelson Mandela Sch Med, Doris Duke Med Res Inst, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, ZA-4013 Congella, Durban, South Africa. [Day, C. L.; Kavanagh, D. G.; Goulder, P. J. R.; Walker, B. D.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Honeyborne, I.; Crawford, H.; Goulder, P. J. R.] Nuffield Dept Med, Dept Paediat, Oxford OX1 3SY, England. [Rousseau, C.; Nickle, D.; Mullins, J.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heckerman, D.] Microsoft Res, Machine Learning & Appl Stat Grp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Korber, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Korber, B.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Walker, B. D.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20185 USA. RP Walker, BD (reprint author), Univ Kwazulu Natal, Nelson Mandela Sch Med, Doris Duke Med Res Inst, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, 719 Umbilo Rd, ZA-4013 Congella, Durban, South Africa. EM bwalker@partners.org RI Day, Cheryl/J-9844-2012; OI Bishop, Karen/0000-0003-4935-7708; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI067072, AI28568, AI46995, F32 AI058457, N-01-AI-15442, P30 AI027757] NR 62 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1089/aid.2007.0124 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 254PH UT WOS:000252598000010 PM 18275350 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Wang, GJ Volkow, ND AF Thanos, Panayotis K. Wang, Gene-Jack Volkow, Nora D. TI POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING ALCOHOL ABUSE SO ALCOHOL RESEARCH & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Alcohol-related research; alcohol and other drug (AOD) effects and consequences; brain; brain function; brain imaging; positron emission tomography (PET); radiotracers; radioisotopes; ((18)F)-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG); neurotransmitters; human studies; animal studies ID BRAIN GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; DOPAMINE-D-2 RECEPTORS; DETOXIFIED ALCOHOLICS; VENTRAL STRIATUM; RAT MODEL; PET; MICE; HYPERACTIVITY; INTOXICATION; DEPENDENCE C1 [Thanos, Panayotis K.; Volkow, Nora D.] NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD USA. [Thanos, Panayotis K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ALCOHOL ABUSE ALCOHOLISM PI ROCKVILLE PA 6000 EXECUTIVE BLVD, ROCKVILLE, MD 20892-7003 USA SN 1535-7414 J9 ALCOHOL RES HEALTH JI Alcohol Res. Health PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 233 EP 237 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 374TL UT WOS:000261066500005 PM 23584865 ER PT S AU Anderegg, L Eidenbenz, S Peeters, L Widmayer, P AF Anderegg, Luzi Eidenbenz, Stephan Peeters, Leon Widmayer, Peter BE Kutylowski, M Cichon, J Kubiak, P TI Optimal placement of ad-hoc devices under a VCG-style routing protocol SO ALGORITHMIC ASPECTS OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks CY JUL 14, 2007 CL Wroclaw, POLAND SP Wroclaw Univ Technol, Siemens, Polish Minist Sci & Higher Educ AB Motivated by a routing protocol with VCG-style side payments, this paper investigates the combinatorial problem of placing new devices in an ad-hoc network such that the resulting shortest path distances are minimum. Here, distances reflect transmission costs that are quadratic in Euclidean distance. We show that the general problem of placing multiple new wireless devices, either with different or identical transmission ranges, is NP-hard under multiple communication requests. On the positive side, we provide polynomial-time algorithms for the cases with only one new device and/or one communication request. To that end, we define geometric objects that capture the general geometric structure of wireless networks. C1 [Anderegg, Luzi; Peeters, Leon; Widmayer, Peter] ETH, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Anderegg, L (reprint author), ETH, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM anderegg@inf.ethz.ch; eidenben@lanl.gov; peeters@inf.ethz.ch; widmayer@inf.ethz.ch FU Swiss National Science Foundation through NCCR FX Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation through the NCCR project Mobile Information and Communication Systems. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77870-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4837 BP 58 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BHJ41 UT WOS:000253559600007 ER PT S AU Djidjev, HN AF Djidjev, Hristo N. BE Aiello, W Broder, A Janssen, J Milios, E TI A scalable multilevel algorithm for graph clustering and community structure detection SO ALGORITHMS AND MODELS FOR THE WEB-GRAPH SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MEETING ON SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY CY NOV 21-24, 1985 CL CHICAGO, IL ID NETWORKS AB One of the most useful measures of cluster quality is the modularity of the partition, which measures the difference between the number of the edges joining vertices from the same cluster and the expected number of such edges in a random (unstructured) graph. In this paper we show that the problem of finding a partition maximizing the modularity of a given graph G can be reduced to a minimum weighted cut problem on a complete graph with the same vertices as G. We then show that the resulted minimum cut problem can be efficiently solved with existing software for graph partitioning and that our algorithm finds clusterings of a better quality and much faster than the existing clustering algorithms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Djidjev, HN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-78807-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4936 BP 117 EP 128 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHN75 UT WOS:000254598700011 ER PT S AU Theiler, J AF Theiler, James BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Sensitivity of anomalous change-detection to small misregistration errors - art. no. 69660X SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imagery; image registration; change detection; anomaly detection AB Aroruabiv the sin-le (,reatest confound for chan-e detection al-orithms is the misre-istration of the two images in which changes are being sought. On the other hand, since the effects of misregistration are exhibited over the entire image, there is reason to hope that algorithms which are designed to deal with pervasive effects (such as illumination differences in the scene, or calibration drifts in the sensor) will be less sensitive to the inevitable misre-istration errors that occur when comparing two images. This work will describe some controlled experiments in which change detection performance is evaluated as a function of how misregistered the images (so that any are. The performance is observed to degrade quite rapidly with the amount of misregistration practical system for automated chan 'ge detection will require accurate image registration), but algorithms that are more adaptive to pervasive differences are less sensitive to the effect of misreuistration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7157-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6966 BP X9660 EP X9660 DI 10.1117/12.777215 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ01 UT WOS:000257540900021 ER PT S AU Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Yocky, DA AF Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr. Wahl, Daniel E. Yocky, David A. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Beamforming as a foundation for spotlight-mode SAR image formation by backprojection SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XV CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spotlight-mode SAR; beamforming; backprojection; time domain; polar formatting; SAR image formation AB In this paper we show that the technique for spotlight-mode SAR image formation generally known as "backprojection" or "time-domain" is most easily derived and described in terms of the well-known methods of phased-array beamforming. By contrast, backprojection has been typically developed via analogy to tomographic imaging [1], which restricts this technique to the case of planar wavefronts. We demonstrate how the very simple notion of delay-and-sum beamforming leads directly to the backprojection algorithm for SAR, including the case for curved wavefronts. We further explain why backprojection offers a certain elegant simplicity for SAR imaging, and allows direct one-step computation of several useful SAR products, including an orthographically correct image free of any geometric or defocus effects from wavefront curvature and also free of the effects of terrain-elevation-induced defocus. (This product requires as an input a pre-existing digital elevation map (DEM) of the scene to be imaged.) In addition, we'll demonstrate why beamforming yields a mode-independent SAR image formation algorithm, i.e. one that can just as easily accommodate strip-map or spotlight-mode phase histories collected on an arbitrary flight path. C1 [Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr.; Wahl, Daniel E.; Yocky, David A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jakowatz, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7161-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6970 AR 69700Q DI 10.1117/12.779305 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHZ65 UT WOS:000257705200016 ER PT S AU Wahl, DE Yocky, DA Jakowatz, CV AF Wahl, Daniel E. Yocky, David A. Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI An implementation of a fast backprojection image formation algorithm for spotlight-mode SAR SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XV CY MAR 17-18, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spotlight-mode SAR; backprojection; image formation ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB In this paper we describe an algorithm for fast spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation that employs backprojection as the core, but is implemented such that its compute time is comparable to the often-used Polar Format Algorithm (PFA). (Standard backprojection is so much slower than PFA that it is impractical to use in many operational scenarios.) We demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm on real SAR phase history data sets and show some advantages in the SAR image formed by this technique. C1 [Wahl, Daniel E.; Yocky, David A.; Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wahl, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1207, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7161-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6970 AR 69700H DI 10.1117/12.779401 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHZ65 UT WOS:000257705200008 ER PT J AU Smith, VA Carroll, BJ Christianson, A AF Smith, V. A. Carroll, B. J. Christianson, A. TI Expert witnesses as science educators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Smith, V. A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000620 ER PT J AU Moore, JN Allis, RG Nemcok, M Powell, TS Bruton, CJ Wannamaker, PE Raharjo, IB Norman, DI AF Moore, Joseph N. Allis, Richard G. Nemcok, Michal Powell, Thomas S. Bruton, Carol J. Wannamaker, Philip E. Raharjo, Imam B. Norman, David I. TI The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FLUID INCLUSION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS; SILICA POLYMORPH; NEW-ZEALAND; VAPOR; MINERALIZATION; PHILIPPINES; PRESSURE; MICROCRYSTALLINE AB Temperature and pressure surveys, fluid samples, and petrologic analyses of rock samples from deep drill holes at the Karaha-Telaga Bodas geothermal field on the volcanic ridge extending northward from Galunggung Volcano, West Java, have provided a unique opportunity to characterize the evolution of an active volcano-hosted geothermal system. Wells up to 3 km in depth have encountered temperatures as high as 353 C and a weakly altered granodiorite that intruded to within 2 to 3 km of the surface. The intrusion is shallowest beneath the southern end of the field where an acid lake overlies a nearly vertical low resistivity structure (< 10 ohm-m) defined by magnetotelluric measurements. This structure is interpreted to represent a vapor-dominated chimney that provides a pathway to the surface for magmatic gases. Four distinct hydrothermal mineral assemblages document the evolution of the geothermal system and the transition from liquid-to vapor-dominated conditions. The earliest assemblage represents the initial liquid-dominated system generated during emplacement of the granodiorite between 5910 +/- 76 and 4200 +/- 150 y BP. Tourmaline, biotite, actinolite, epidote and clay minerals were deposited contemporaneously at progressively greater distances from the intrusive contact (assemblage 1). At 4200 +/- 150 y BP, flank collapse and the formation of the volcano's crater, Kawah Galunggung, resulted in catastrophic decompression and boiling of the hydrothermal fluids. This event initiated development of the modern vapor-dominated regime. Chalcedony and then quartz were deposited as the early low salinity liquids boiled (assemblage 2). Both vapor- and liquid-rich fluid inclusions were trapped in the quartz crystals. Liquid-rich fluid inclusions from the southern part of the field record salinities ranging from 0 to 26 weight percent NaCl-CaCl2 equivalent and locally contain fluorite daughter crystals. We suggest, based on temperature-salinity relationships and evidence of boiling, that these fluids were progressively concentrated as steam was lost from the system. However, mixing with fluids derived from the underlying intrusion or generated during the formation of acid SO4 water on the vapor-dominated chimney margins could have contributed to the observed salinities. As pressures declined, CO2- and SO4-rich steam-heated water drained downward, depositing anhydrite and calcite (assemblage 3) in the fractures, limiting further recharge. Fluid inclusions with salinities up to 31 weight percent NaCl equivalent were trapped in these minerals as the descending water vaporized. The final assemblage is represented by precipitates of NaCl, KCl and FeClx deposited on rock surfaces in portions of the vapor-dominated zone that boiled dry. Vapor-dominated conditions extend over a distance of at least 10 km and to depths below sea level. Deep wells drilled into the underlying liquid-dominated reservoir in the northern and central part of the volcanic ridge produce low salinity fluids representing recent recharge of meteoric and steam-heated water. The evolution of volcanic-hosted vapor-dominated geothermal systems can be described by a five stage model. Stage 1 involves the formation of an over-pressured liquid-dominated geothermal system soon after magmatic intrusion. In Stages 2 and 3, pressures progressively decrease, and a curtain of steam-heated water surrounding a magmatic vapor-dominated chimney at 350 C and 14 +/- 2 MPa develops. The relatively low pressure near the base of the chimney causes liquid inflow adjacent to the intrusion and the development of a secondary marginal vapor-dominated zone. In Stage 4, the magmatic vapor discharge from the intrusion becomes small, vapor pressure declines, and the secondary vapor-dominated zone expands above the intrusion. In Stage 5, the vapor-dominated zone floods because heat from the intrusion is insufficient to boil all liquid inflow. A more common, liquid-dominated volcanic-hosted system then develops. C1 [Moore, Joseph N.; Nemcok, Michal; Wannamaker, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. [Allis, Richard G.] Utah Geol & Min Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. [Powell, Thomas S.] Mighty River Power Co, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Powell, Thomas S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Raharjo, Imam B.] Pertamina Geothermal Energy, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia. [Norman, David I.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Moore, JN (reprint author), Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, 423 Wakara Way Suite 300, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA. EM JMOORE@EGI.UTAH.EDU NR 118 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 308 IS 1 BP 1 EP 48 PG 48 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 297EO UT WOS:000255600100001 ER PT J AU Gaft, M Nagli, L Panczer, G Waychunas, G Porat, N AF Gaft, Michael Nagli, Lev Panczer, Gerard Waychunas, Glenn Porat, Naomi TI The nature of unusual luminescence in natural calcite CaCO3 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE calcite; time-resolved luminescence; radiation-induced luminescence centers AB The unusual luminescence of particular varieties of natural pink calcite (CaCO3) samples was Studied by laser-induced time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy at different temperatures. The luminescence is characterized by intense blue emission under shortwave UV lamp excitation with an extremely long decay time, accompanied by pink-orange luminescence under longwave UV excitation. Our investigation included optical absorption, natural thermostimulated luminescence (NTL) and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) studies. Two luminescence centers were detected: (1) a narrow violet band, with lambda(max) = 412 mr, Delta = 45 nm, two decay components of tau(1) = 5 ns and tau(2) = 7.2 ms, accompanied by very long afterglow, and an orange emission band with lambda(max) = 595 nm, Delta = 90 nm, and tau = 5 ns. Both luminescence centers are thermally unstable with the blue emission disappearing after heating at 500 degrees C, and the orange emission disappearing after heating at different temperatures starting from 230 degrees C, although sometimes it is stable up to 500 degrees C in different samples. Both centers have spectral-kinetic properties very unusual for mineral luminescence, which in combination with extremely low impurity concentrations prevent their identification with specific impurity related emission. The most likely explanation of these observations may be the presence of radiation-induced luminescence centers. The long violet afterglow is evidently connected with trapped charge carrier liberation, with their Subsequent migration through the valence band and ultimate recombination with a radiation-induced center responsible for the unusual violet luminescence. C1 [Gaft, Michael] Open Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Raanana, Israel. [Nagli, Lev] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Panczer, Gerard] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5620, Phys Chem Luminescence Mat Lab, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Waychunas, Glenn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Porat, Naomi] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Gaft, M (reprint author), Laser Detect Syst, 11 Granit St, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. EM michaelg@laserdetect.corn NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2576 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 251MJ UT WOS:000252377400019 ER PT S AU Branz, HM Stradins, P Teplin, CW AF Branz, Howard M. Stradins, Paul Teplin, Charles W. BE Nathan, A Flewitt, A Hou, J Miyazaki, S Yang, J TI Cone Kinetics Model: Insights into the Morphologies of Mixed-phase Silicon Film Growth SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-2008 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN DILUTION; TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; EPITAXY AB The 'cone kinetics' model, which explains development of cone-shaped inclusions during nanocrystalline silicon film growth and during low-temperature silicon epitaxy breakdown, is extended to protocrystalline ('edge') amorphous silicon, Si heterojunctions and other Si film morpholologies. We generalize the physics underlying cone formation and present diagrams that delineate the deposition regimes giving rise to the different film morphologies; these regimes are determined by the nucleation rate of the second phase and the relative growth rate of the phases present. The model predicts cone growth during thin-film deposition by plasma-enhanced and other chemical vapor deposition techniques when isotropic growth is coupled with the isolated nucleation of a second phase with a higher growth rate. Protocrystalline amorphous silicon and other embedded crystallite phases are formed when a second phase successfully nucleates but has a smaller growth rate than the surrounding amorphous film. The cone kinetics phase diagram provides a simple explanation of the various nanocrystalline film morphologies observed when silane precursors are diluted with different concentrations of hydrogen gas. C1 [Branz, Howard M.; Stradins, Paul; Teplin, Charles W.] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Branz, HM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-036-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1066 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BIO87 UT WOS:000261398700002 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR To, B Dippo, P Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, C. -S. Moutinho, H. R. To, B. Dippo, P. Romero, M. J. Al-Jassim, M. M. BE Nathan, A Flewitt, A Hou, J Miyazaki, S Yang, J TI Probing Carrier Depletions on Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Si Thin Films by Scanning Capacitance Microscopy SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-2008 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID SILICON SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CU(IN,GA)SE-2; PERFORMANCE; DEVICE AB Grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline Si thin-film solar cells are believed to limit the photovoltaic efficiencies. In this paper, we report on a nanometer-resolution measurement of the carrier depletion at the GBs, using scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The SCM images exhibit the following features: (1) Carrier concentrations are lower at locations around the GBs than on center regions of the grains; (2) The depletion width at the GBs varies considerably, between 0 and 100 nm, depending on individual GBs; (3) Intra-grain carrier depletion was also observed at point and line defects; and (4) The faceted features that were observed on the topography of the as-grown film surface appeared on the SCM images even after the film surface was polished flat. The direct measurement of the carrier depletion on the GBs demonstrates that the GBs in Si thin films indeed create charged gap states. The nonuniformity of the carrier depletions suggests that the gap states depend on specific GB structures, which should relate directly to the grain orientations and grain facets adjacent to the GB. The depletion around the intragrain defects indicates that the defects are charged and can be recombination centers, and thus, harmful to device performance. This paper reports the first step of our studies toward understanding the relationships between the electronic and structural properties on specific GBs. C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Moutinho, H. R.; To, B.; Dippo, P.; Romero, M. J.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-036-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1066 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BIO87 UT WOS:000261398700011 ER PT S AU Teplin, CW Martin, IT Jones, KM Young, D Romero, MJ Reedy, RC Branz, HM Stradins, P AF Teplin, Charles W. Martin, Ina T. Jones, Kim M. Young, David Romero, Manuel J. Reedy, Robert C. Branz, Howard M. Stradins, Paul BE Nathan, A Flewitt, A Hou, J Miyazaki, S Yang, J TI Quality and Growth Rate of Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition Epitaxial Si Layers SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-2008 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID SILICON AB Fast epitaxial growth of several microns thick Si at glass-compatible temperatures by the hot-wire CVD technique is investigated, for film Si photovoltaic and other applications. Growth temperature determines the growth phase (epitaxial or disordered) and affects the growth rate, possibly due to the different hydrogen coverage. Stable epitaxy proceeds robustly in several different growth chemistry regimes at substrate temperatures above 600 degrees C. The resulting films exhibit low defect concentrations and high carrier mobilities. C1 [Teplin, Charles W.; Martin, Ina T.; Jones, Kim M.; Young, David; Romero, Manuel J.; Reedy, Robert C.; Branz, Howard M.; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NCPV, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teplin, CW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NCPV, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Martin, Ina/J-9484-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-036-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1066 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BIO87 UT WOS:000261398700041 ER PT S AU Findikoglu, AT Ugurlu, O Holesinger, TG AF Findikoglu, Alp T. Ugurlu, Ozan Holesinger, Terry G. BE Nathan, A Flewitt, A Hou, J Miyazaki, S Yang, J TI Aligned-Crystalline Si Films on Glass SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-2008 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 25-28, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; INPLANE TEXTURE CONTROL; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; MGO; POLYCRYSTALLINE; MOBILITY; GROWTH AB We report structural and electronic properties of Aligned-Crystalline Si (ACSi) Films on glass substrates. These films show enhanced majority carrier mobilities and minority carrier lifetimes with increasing crystallinity, i.e., with improving alignment and connectivity of the grains. A 0.4-mu m-thick ACSi film with a total grain mosaic spread of 4.2 degrees showed Hall mobility of 47 cm(2)/V.s for a p-type doping concentration of 1.9x10(18) cm(-3). A prototype n+/p/p+-type diode fabricated using a 4.2-mu m-thick ACSi film showed minority carrier lifetime of similar to 3.5 mu s and estimated diffusion length of similar to 30 mu m in the p layer with a doping concentration of 5x10(16) cm(-3). C1 [Findikoglu, Alp T.; Ugurlu, Ozan; Holesinger, Terry G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, MS T004,MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-036-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1066 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BIO87 UT WOS:000261398700069 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ AF Stevens, Fred J. TI Possible evolutionary links between immunoglobulin light chains and other proteins involved in amyloidosis SO AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE homology; transthyretin; lactadherin; medin; pre-biotic; exobiology ID LOW SEQUENCE IDENTITY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; FIBRIL FORMATION; RNA WORLD; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; CONSERVATIVE APPLICATION; EFFICIENT RECOGNITION; NUCLEIC-ACID; PSI-BLAST AB With limited exceptions, proteins that account for the amyloidoses appear to be evolutionarily unrelated. Transthyretin is classified as having an immunoglobulin-like fold as found in light chain variable and constant domains. Thus, these amyloidogenic proteins have significant conformational similarity. In the absence of primary structure similarity sufficient to justify an inference of an evolutionary relationship, transthyretin is considered an analog of immunoglobulin domains having accrued the immunoglobulin-like fold by some form of convergent evolution of structure. Improvements in sequence comparison tools and strategies, coupled with recent logarithmic increases in the availability of primary structure data, now make it possible to suggest that transthyretin and immunoglobulins may have a common evolutionary origin. In addition, lactadherin, the medin fragment of which accounts for the most common form of human amyloid, also appears to be evolutionarily linked to transthyretin and immunoglobulins. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fstevens@anl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM077385] NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-6129 EI 1744-2818 J9 AMYLOID JI Amyloid-J. Protein Fold. Disord. PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1080/13506120802005973 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 302YZ UT WOS:000256007300004 PM 18484336 ER PT J AU Hindson, BJ Gutierrez, DM Ness, KD Makarewicz, AJ Metz, TR Setlur, US Benett, WB Loge, JM Colston, BW Francis, PS Barnett, NW Dzenitis, JM AF Hindson, Benjamin J. Gutierrez, Dora M. Ness, Kevin D. Makarewicz, Anthony J. Metz, Thomas R. Setlur, Ujwal S. Benett, William B. Loge, Jeffrey M. Colston, Bill W., Jr. Francis, Paul S. Barnett, Neil W. Dzenitis, John M. TI Development of an automated DNA purification module using a microfabricated pillar chip SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR; SOLID-PHASE; RENEWABLE MICROCOLUMNS; AUTONOMOUS DETECTION; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BIOLOGICAL AGENTS; BACTERIAL-SPORES; EXTRACTION; MICROCHIP AB We present a fully automated DNA purification module comprised of a micro-fabricated chip and sequential injection analysis system that is designed for use within autonomous instruments that continuously monitor the environment for the presence of biological threat agents. The chip has an elliptical flow channel containing a bed (3.5 x 3.5 mm) of silica-coated pillars with height, width and center-to-center spacing of 200, 15, and 30 mu m, respectively, which provides a relatively large surface area (ca. 3 cm(2)) for DNA capture in the presence of chaotropic agents. We have characterized the effect of various fluidic parameters on extraction performance, including sample input volume, capture flow rate, and elution volume. The flow-through design made the pillar chip completely reusable; carryover was eliminated by flushing lines with sodium hypochlorite and deionized water between assays. A mass balance was conducted to determine the fate of input DNA not recovered in the eluent. The device was capable of purifying and recovering Bacillus anthracis genomic DNA (input masses from 0.32 to 320 pg) from spiked environmental aerosol samples, for subsequent analysis using polymerase chain reaction-based assays. C1 [Hindson, Benjamin J.; Gutierrez, Dora M.; Ness, Kevin D.; Makarewicz, Anthony J.; Metz, Thomas R.; Setlur, Ujwal S.; Benett, William B.; Loge, Jeffrey M.; Colston, Bill W., Jr.; Dzenitis, John M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Francis, Paul S.; Barnett, Neil W.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. RP Dzenitis, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM john.m.dzenitis@llnl.gov RI Francis, Paul/B-7112-2008 OI Francis, Paul/0000-0003-4165-6922 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2008 VL 133 IS 2 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1039/b713332d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 256VC UT WOS:000252757000016 PM 18227949 ER PT J AU Yantasee, W Hongsirikarn, K Warner, CL Choi, D Sangvanich, T Toloczko, MB Warner, MG Fryxell, GE Addleman, RS Timchalk, C AF Yantasee, Wassana Hongsirikarn, Kitiya Warner, Cynthia L. Choi, Daiwon Sangvanich, Thanapon Toloczko, Mychailo B. Warner, Marvin G. Fryxell, Glen E. Addleman, R. Shane Timchalk, Charles TI Direct detection of Pb in urine and Cd, Pb, Cu, and Ag in natural waters using electrochemical sensors immobilized with DMSA functionalized magnetic nanoparticles SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; HEAVY-METALS; MICROANALYTICAL SYSTEM; INTERNAL STANDARD; LEAD PB; BLOOD; ELECTRODES; SALIVA; EXPOSURE; CADMIUM AB Urine is universally recognized as one of the best non-invasive matrices for biomonitoring exposure to a broad range of xenobiotics, including toxic metals. Detection of metal ions in urine has been problematic due to the protein competition and electrode fouling. For direct, simple, and field-deployable monitoring of urinary Pb, electrochemical sensors employing superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with a surface functionalization of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been developed. The metal detection involves rapid collection of dispersed metal-bound nanoparticles from a sample solution at a magnetic or electromagnetic electrode, followed by the stripping voltammetry of the metal in acidic medium. The sensors were evaluated as a function of solution pH, the binding affinity of Pb to DMSA - Fe3O4, the ratio of nanoparticles per sample volume, preconcentration time, and Pb concentrations. The effect of binding competitions between the DMSA - Fe3O4 and urine constituents for Pb on the sensor responses was studied. After 90 s of preconcentration in samples containing 25 vol.% of rat urine and 0.1 g L-1 of DMSA - Fe3O4, the sensor could detect background level of Pb (0.5 ppb) and yielded linear responses from 0 to 50 ppb of Pb, excellent reproducibility (% RSD of 5.3 for seven measurements of 30 ppb Pb), and Pb concentrations comparable to those measured by ICP-MS. The sensor could also simultaneously detect background levels (< 1 ppb) of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Ag in river and seawater. C1 [Yantasee, Wassana; Hongsirikarn, Kitiya; Warner, Cynthia L.; Choi, Daiwon; Sangvanich, Thanapon; Toloczko, Mychailo B.; Warner, Marvin G.; Fryxell, Glen E.; Addleman, R. Shane; Timchalk, Charles] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yantasee, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wassana.yantasee@pnl.gov RI Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [1R21 OH008900-01] NR 37 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2008 VL 133 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1039/b711199a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 267XX UT WOS:000253543600009 PM 18299749 ER PT J AU Loui, A Ratto, TV Wilson, TS McCall, SK Mukerjee, EV Love, AH Hart, BR AF Loui, Albert Ratto, Timothy V. Wilson, Thomas S. McCall, Scott K. Mukerjee, Erik V. Love, Adam H. Hart, Bradley R. TI Chemical vapor discrimination using a compact and low-power array of piezoresistive microcantilevers SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRONIC-NOSE; CANTILEVER ARRAY; CARBON-BLACK; CHEMICAPACITIVE MICROSENSORS; SENSORS; CLASSIFICATION; SELECTIVITY; TECHNOLOGY; COATINGS AB A compact and low-power microcantilever-based sensor array has been developed and used to detect various chemical vapor analytes. In contrast to earlier micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) array sensors, this device uses the static deflection of piezoresistive cantilevers due to the swelling of glassy polyolefin coatings during sorption of chemical vapors. To maximize the sensor response to a variety of chemical analytes, the polymers are selected based on their Hildebrand solubility parameters to span a wide range of chemical properties. We utilize a novel microcontact spotting method to reproducibly coat a single side of each cantilever in the array with the polymers. To demonstrate the utility of the sensor array we have reproducibly detected 11 chemical vapors, representing a breadth of chemical properties, in real time and over a wide range of vapor concentrations. We also report the detection of the chemical warfare agents (CWAs) VX and sulfur mustard (HD), representing the first published report of CWA vapor detection by a polymer-based, cantilever sensor array. Comparisons of the theoretical polymer/vapor partition coefficient to the experimental cantilever deflection responses show that, while general trends can be reasonably predicted, a simple linear relationship does not exist. C1 [Loui, Albert; Ratto, Timothy V.; Wilson, Thomas S.; McCall, Scott K.; Mukerjee, Erik V.; Love, Adam H.; Hart, Bradley R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hart, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-091, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hart14@llnl.gov RI McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014 OI McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2008 VL 133 IS 5 BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.1039/b713758c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 291LZ UT WOS:000255200200009 PM 18427681 ER PT J AU Wu, H Huo, QS Varnum, S Wang, J Liu, GG Nie, ZM Liu, J Lin, YH AF Wu, Hong Huo, Qisheng Varnum, Susan Wang, Jun Liu, Guodong Nie, Zimin Liu, Jun Lin, Yuehe TI Dye-doped silica nanoparticle labels/protein microarray for detection of protein biomarkers SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CANCER-CELLS; TNF-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; DISEASE; SYSTEM; LABELS; IL-6; IMMUNOASSAYS AB We report a dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticle as a label, with the advantages of high fluorescence intensity, photostability, and biocompatibility, in conjunction with microarray technology for sensitive immunoassay of a biomarker, interleukin-6 (IL-6), on a microarray format. The tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride hexahydrate (Rubpy) dye was incorporated into silica nanoparticles using a simple one-step microemulsion synthesis. In this synthesis process, Igepal CA520 was used as the surfactant, therefore, no requirement of cosolvent during the synthesis and the particle size was reduced comparing to the commonly used Triton surfactant system. The nanoparticles are uniform in size with a diameter of 50 nm. The microarray fluorescent immunoassay approach based on dye-doped silica nanoparticle labels has high sensitivity for practical applications with a limit of detection for IL-6 down to 0.1 ng mL(-1). The calibration curve is linear over the range from 0.1 ng mL(-1) to 10 ng mL(-1). Furthermore, results illustrated that the assay is highly specific for IL(-6) in the presence of range of cytokines or proteins. The RuDS dye-labeled nanoparticles in connection with protein microarrays show the promise for clinical diagnosis of biomarkers. C1 [Wu, Hong; Huo, Qisheng; Varnum, Susan; Wang, Jun; Liu, Guodong; Nie, Zimin; Liu, Jun; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jun.liu@pnl.gov; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS058161-01]; LDRD program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Battelle for DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (award # NS058161-01) and by a LDRD program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the federal government. The work was partly performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 40 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2008 VL 133 IS 11 BP 1550 EP 1555 DI 10.1039/b719810h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 362LB UT WOS:000260198100011 PM 18936832 ER PT J AU Kelly, RT Page, JS Zhao, R Qian, WJ Mottaz, HM Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Kelly, Ryan T. Page, Jason S. Zhao, Rui Qian, Wei-Jun Mottaz, Heather M. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Capillary-based multi nanoelectrospray emitters: Improvements in ion transmission efficiency and implementation with capillary reversed-phase LC-ESI-MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLUTION FLOW-RATES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FUNNEL INTERFACE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GAS-PHASE; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; PROTEOMICS AB We describe the coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) separations with mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) multiemitters. The array of 19 emitters reduced the flow rate delivered to each emitter, allowing the enhanced sensitivity that is characteristic of nano-ESI to be extended to higher flow rate separations. The signal for tryptic fragments from proteins spiked into a human plasma sample increased 11-fold on average when the multiemitters were employed, due to increased ionization efficiency and improved ion transfer efficiency through a newly designed heated multicapillary MS inlet Additionally, the LC peak signal-to-noise ratio increased similar to 7-fold when the multiemitter configuration was used. The low dead volume of the emitter arrays preserved peak shape and resolution for robust capillary LC separations using total flow rates of 2 mu L/min. C1 [Kelly, Ryan T.; Page, Jason S.; Zhao, Rui; Qian, Wei-Jun; Mottaz, Heather M.; Tang, Keqi; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA126191, R21 CA126191-01]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-05, RR018522] NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1021/ac701647s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 246SH UT WOS:000252026900025 PM 18044958 ER PT J AU Livesay, EA Tang, KQ Taylor, BK Buschbach, MA Hopkins, DF LaMarche, BL Zhao, R Shen, YF Orton, DJ Moore, RJ Kelly, RT Udseth, HR Smith, RD AF Livesay, Eric A. Tang, Keqi Taylor, Beverley K. Buschbach, Michael A. Hopkins, Derek F. LaMarche, Brian L. Zhao, Rui Shen, Yufeng Orton, Daniel J. Moore, Ronald J. Kelly, Ryan T. Udseth, Harold R. Smith, Richard D. TI Fully automated four-column capillary LC-MS system for maximizing throughput in proteomic analyses SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NANOELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; ELECTROSPRAY INTERFACE; RPLC SEPARATIONS; BIOANALYSIS; ONLINE; SAMPLE; VALIDATION; EXTRACTION AB We describe a four-column, high-pressure capillary liquid chromatography (ILC) system for robust, high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass specbrometry (LC-MS(/MS)) analyses. This system performs multiple LC separations in parallel, but staggers each of them such that the data-rich region of each separation is sampled sequentially. By allowing nearly continuous data acquisition, this design maximizes the use of the mass spectrometer. Each analytical column is connected to a corresponding ESI emitter in order to avoid the use of postcolumn switching and associated dead volume issues. Encoding translation stages are employed to sequentially position the emitters at the MS inlet. The high reproducibility of this system is demonstrated using consecutive analyses of global tryptic digest of the microbe Shewanella oneidensis. C1 [Livesay, Eric A.; Tang, Keqi; Taylor, Beverley K.; Buschbach, Michael A.; Hopkins, Derek F.; LaMarche, Brian L.; Zhao, Rui; Shen, Yufeng; Orton, Daniel J.; Moore, Ronald J.; Kelly, Ryan T.; Udseth, Harold R.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 26 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 1 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1021/ac701727r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 246SH UT WOS:000252026900044 PM 18044960 ER PT S AU Bolinger, M Wiser, R AF Bolinger, Mark Wiser, Ryan BE Bazilian, M Roques, F TI The Value of Renewable Energy as a Hedge Against Fuel Price Risk Analytical Contributions from Economic and Finance Theory SO ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ENERGY DIVERSITY AND SECURITY: PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: A TRIBUTE TO THE WORK OF DR SHIMON AWERBUCH SE Elsevier Global Energy Policy and Economic Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATURAL-GAS PRICES; RETURNS C1 [Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bolinger, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-4985 BN 978-0-08-091531-9 J9 ELSEV GLOB ENERG POL PY 2008 VL 12 BP 31 EP 59 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-056887-4.00002-0 PG 29 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEM86 UT WOS:000317405000006 ER PT J AU Thompson, BC Frechet, JMJ AF Thompson, Barry C. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Organic photovoltaics - Polymer-fullerene composite solar cells SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE electron transfer; energy conversion; fullerences; polymers; solar cells ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LOW-BANDGAP POLYMER; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER; NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY C1 [Thompson, Barry C.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thompson, Barry C.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 112 TC 2898 Z9 2928 U1 187 U2 1805 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 58 EP 77 DI 10.1002/anie.200702506 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 245CE UT WOS:000251911400009 PM 18041798 ER PT J AU Soderholm, L Almond, PM Skanthakumar, S Wilson, RE Burns, PC AF Soderholm, L. Almond, Philip M. Skanthakumar, S. Wilson, Richard E. Burns, Peter C. TI The structure of the plutonium oxide nanocluster [Pu38O56Cl54(H2O)(8)](14-) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; cluster compounds; colloids; nanostructures; oxides ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; HYDROUS OXIDE; SOLUBILITY; HYDROLYSIS; SPECIATION; OXYGEN C1 [Soderholm, L.; Almond, Philip M.; Skanthakumar, S.; Wilson, Richard E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Almond, Philip M.; Burns, Peter C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ls@anl.gov RI Wilson, Richard/H-1763-2011; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013 OI Wilson, Richard/0000-0001-8618-5680; NR 25 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 72 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1002/anie.200704420 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 249ZP UT WOS:000252270100006 PM 18072187 ER PT J AU Rocha, RC Rein, FN Jude, H Shreve, AP Concepcion, JJ Meyer, TJ AF Rocha, Reginaldo C. Rein, Francisca N. Jude, Hershel Shreve, Andrew P. Concepcion, Javier J. Meyer, Thomas J. TI Observation of three intervalence-transfer bands for a class II-III mixed-valence complex of ruthenium SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE charge transfer; electron transfer; IR spectroscopy; mixed-valent compounds; ruthenium ID TO-DELOCALIZED TRANSITION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SYSTEMS; OSMIUM C1 [Rocha, Reginaldo C.; Jude, Hershel; Shreve, Andrew P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Concepcion, Javier J.; Meyer, Thomas J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Rein, Francisca N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rcrocha@lanl.gov; tjmeyer@unc.edu NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 503 EP 506 DI 10.1002/anie.200702760 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 252NI UT WOS:000252452800009 PM 18058886 ER PT J AU Huang, JS Sumpter, BG Meunier, V AF Huang, Jingsong Sumpter, Bobby G. Meunier, Vincent TI Theoretical model for nanoporous carbon supercapacitors SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE carbon; density functional calculations; mesoporous materials; supercapacitors ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODES; ACETONITRILE; STORAGE C1 [Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM huangj3@ornl.gov RI Huang, Jingsong/A-2789-2008; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Huang, Jingsong/0000-0001-8993-2506; Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 37 TC 262 Z9 267 U1 16 U2 159 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 520 EP 524 DI 10.1002/anie.200703864 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 252NI UT WOS:000252452800013 PM 18058966 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R Remy, P Bonnesen, PV Jiang, DE Moyer, BA AF Custelcean, Radu Remy, Priscilla Bonnesen, Peter V. Jiang, De-En Moyer, Bruce A. TI Sulfate recognition by persistent crystalline capsules with rigidified hydrogen-bonding cavities SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE anions; crystal engineering; hydrogen bonds; sulfate; supramolecular chemistry ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ANION-BINDING; SELECTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION; COORDINATION CAGES; RECEPTORS; DESIGN; COMPLEXES; ENCAPSULATION; SEPARATION; IONS C1 [Custelcean, Radu; Remy, Priscilla; Bonnesen, Peter V.; Jiang, De-En; Moyer, Bruce A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 66 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 45 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1866 EP 1870 DI 10.1002/anie.200704937 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 268QM UT WOS:000253594300012 PM 18236480 ER PT J AU Teng, XW Han, WQ Ku, W Hucker, M AF Teng, Xiaowei Han, Wei-Qiang Ku, Wei Huecker, Markus TI Synthesis of ultrathin palladium and platinum nanowires and a study of their magnetic properties SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE magnetic properties; materials science; nanostructures; palladium; platinum ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; FERROMAGNETISM; 4D; ASSEMBLIES; MONOLAYERS; GROWTH C1 [Teng, Xiaowei; Han, Wei-Qiang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huecker, Markus] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM whan@bnl.gov RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013 NR 30 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 12 U2 61 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2055 EP 2058 DI 10.1002/anie.200704707 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 271YS UT WOS:000253825200014 PM 18266242 ER PT J AU Hangauer, MJ Bertozzi, CR AF Hangauer, Matthew J. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI A FRET-based fluorogenic phosphine for live-cell Imaging with the Staudinger ligation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; fluorescent probes; glycosylation; phosphines; Staudinger ligation ID IN-VIVO; TERMINAL ALKYNES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CHEMICAL PROBES; LIVING ANIMALS; PROTEINS; AZIDES; CYCLOADDITION; GLYCANS; GLYCOSYLATION C1 [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mol Foundry Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM058867, R01 GM058867, R01 GM058867-08, R01 GM058867-09, R01 GM058867-10, R01 GM058867-11, R37 GM058867] NR 40 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 13 BP 2394 EP 2397 DI 10.1002/anie.200704847 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 279UE UT WOS:000254379500008 PM 18306205 ER PT J AU Polsky, R Harper, JC Wheeler, DR Arango, DC Brozik, SM AF Polsky, Ronen Harper, Jason C. Wheeler, David R. Arango, Dulce C. Brozik, Susan M. TI Electrically addressable cell immobilization using phenylboronic acid diazonium salts SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biosensors; cell adhesion; diazo compounds; electrochemistry; immobilization ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; CARBON ELECTRODES; BORONIC ACIDS; PROTEIN; GOLD; PEROXIDASE; ANTIBODIES; SEPARATION; SURFACES; BIOLOGY C1 [Polsky, Ronen; Harper, Jason C.; Wheeler, David R.; Arango, Dulce C.; Brozik, Susan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brozik, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smbrozi@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 14 BP 2631 EP 2634 DI 10.1002/anie.200704597 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 286TV UT WOS:000254869800018 PM 18297671 ER PT J AU Forbes, TZ McAlpin, JG Murphy, R Burns, PC AF Forbes, Tori Z. McAlpin, J. Gregory Murphy, Rachel Burns, Peter C. TI Metal-oxygen isopolyhedra assembled into fullerene topologies SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE peroxide; polyoxometalates; self-assembly; solid-state structures; uranium ID CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; STABILITY; POLYHEDRA; MINERALS; C-50; C-60 C1 [Forbes, Tori Z.; McAlpin, J. Gregory; Murphy, Rachel; Burns, Peter C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Burns, Peter C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Burns, Peter C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burns, PC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pburns@nd.edu RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628 NR 21 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 15 BP 2824 EP 2827 DI 10.1002/anie.200705563 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 286ZJ UT WOS:000254885200019 PM 18273847 ER PT J AU Romo-Herrera, JM Sumpter, BG Cullen, DA Terrones, H Cruz-Silva, E Smith, DJ Meunier, V Terrones, M AF Romo-Herrera, Jose M. Sumpter, Bobby G. Cullen, David A. Terrones, Humberto Cruz-Silva, Eduardo Smith, David J. Meunier, Vincent Terrones, Mauricio TI An atomistic branching mechanism for carbon nanotubes: Sulfur as the triggering agent SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE carbon; doping; nanostructures; nanotubes; sulfur ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; Y-JUNCTIONS; ORGANOMETALLIC PRECURSORS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BASIS-SET; GROWTH; PYROLYSIS; METALS C1 [Romo-Herrera, Jose M.; Terrones, Humberto; Cruz-Silva, Eduardo; Terrones, Mauricio] IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. [Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cullen, David A.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cullen, David A.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Terrones, M (reprint author), IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, Camino Presa San Jose 2055,Col Lomas 4 Secc, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. EM mterrones@titan.ipicyt.edu.mx RI Cruz-Silva, Eduardo/B-7003-2009; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; Cullen, David/A-2918-2015 OI Cruz-Silva, Eduardo/0000-0003-2877-1598; Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Cullen, David/0000-0002-2593-7866 NR 30 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 2948 EP 2953 DI 10.1002/anie.200705053 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 287RM UT WOS:000254934200006 PM 18381665 ER PT J AU Bechtel, HA Steeves, AH Wong, BM Field, RW AF Bechtel, Hans A. Steeves, Adam H. Wong, Bryan M. Field, Robert W. TI Evolution of chemical bonding during HCN reversible arrow HNC isomerization as revealed through nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; gas-phase reactions; isomerization; reaction mechanisms; rotational spectroscopy ID PREDICTION; SPECTRUM C1 [Bechtel, Hans A.; Steeves, Adam H.; Field, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wong, Bryan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Field, RW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM rwfield@mit.edu RI Wong, Bryan/B-1663-2009; Field, Robert/A-9465-2009 OI Wong, Bryan/0000-0002-3477-8043; Field, Robert/0000-0002-7609-4205 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 2969 EP 2972 DI 10.1002/anie.200705399 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 287RM UT WOS:000254934200010 PM 18330877 ER PT J AU Schelter, EJ Wu, RL Scott, BL Thompson, JD Morris, DE Kiplinger, JL AF Schelter, Eric J. Wu, Ruilian Scott, Brian L. Thompson, Joe D. Morris, David E. Kiplinger, Jaqueline L. TI Mixed valency in a uranium multimetallic complex SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; electrochemistry; magnetic properties; mixed-valent; compounds; uranium ID EARLY ACTINIDE COMPLEXES; SQUARE-WAVE VOLTAMMETRY; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FLUOROKETIMIDES; THORIUM(IV); ACTIVATION; REACTIVITY; INSERTION; LIGAND C1 [Schelter, Eric J.; Wu, Ruilian; Scott, Brian L.; Thompson, Joe D.; Morris, David E.; Kiplinger, Jaqueline L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morris, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM demorris@lanl.gov; kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Schelter, Eric/E-2962-2013; Morris, David/A-8577-2012; Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 2993 EP 2996 DI 10.1002/anie.200705781 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 287RM UT WOS:000254934200016 PM 18338348 ER PT J AU Liang, CD Li, ZJ Dai, S AF Liang, Chengdu Li, Zuojiang Dai, Sheng TI Mesoporous carbon materials: Synthesis and modification SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE block copolymers; carbon; mesoporous materials; self-assembly; template synthesis ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AREA MICROPOROUS CARBON; UNIFORM POROUS CARBON; COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS; GRAPHITIC PORE WALLS; ALUMINUM-OXIDE FILM; PITCH-BASED CARBONS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; SURFACE-AREA C1 [Liang, Chengdu; Li, Zuojiang; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 187 TC 890 Z9 910 U1 139 U2 1003 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 20 BP 3696 EP 3717 DI 10.1002/anie.200702046 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 299YJ UT WOS:000255791200006 PM 18350530 ER PT J AU Esser-Kahn, AP Francis, MB AF Esser-Kahn, Aaron P. Francis, Matthew B. TI Protein-cross-linked polymeric materials through site-selective bioconjugation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioconjugation; gels; hybrid materials; polymers; proteins ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; HYDROGELS; GLYCOMICS; STABILITY C1 [Esser-Kahn, Aaron P.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Esser-Kahn, Aaron P.; Francis, Matthew B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 20 BP 3751 EP 3754 DI 10.1002/anie.200705564 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 299YJ UT WOS:000255791200015 PM 18399554 ER PT J AU Schroder, L Chavez, L Meldrum, T Smith, M Lowery, TJ Wemmer, DE Pines, A AF Schroeder, Leif Chavez, Lana Meldrum, Tyler Smith, Monica Lowery, Thomas J. Wemmer, David E. Pines, Alexander TI Temperature-controlled molecular depolarization gates in nuclear magnetic resonance SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biosensors; imaging agents; inclusion compounds; thermometry; xenon ID WATER-SOLUBLE CRYPTOPHANES; POLARIZED XE-129; XENON; NMR; BINDING; BIOSENSORS; MRI C1 [Schroeder, Leif; Chavez, Lana; Meldrum, Tyler; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schroeder, Leif; Chavez, Lana; Meldrum, Tyler; Lowery, Thomas J.; Wemmer, David E.; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, Monica; Lowery, Thomas J.; Wemmer, David E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, Monica] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schroder, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LSchroeder@lbl.gov; Pines@berkeley.edu RI Schroder, Leif/H-6036-2011; Meldrum, Tyler/P-7420-2015 OI Schroder, Leif/0000-0003-4901-0325; Meldrum, Tyler/0000-0002-5954-0795 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 23 BP 4316 EP 4320 DI 10.1002/anie.200800382 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 308BX UT WOS:000256364400007 PM 18461575 ER PT J AU Yerushalmi, R Ho, JC Fan, ZY Javey, A AF Yerushalmi, Roie Ho, Johnny C. Fan, Zhiyong Javey, Ali TI Phosphine oxide monolayers on SiO(2) surfaces SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; hydrogen bonds; monolayers; phosphorus; surface chemistry ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SILICON; MULTILAYERS; DENSITY; ENERGY; FILMS C1 [Yerushalmi, Roie; Ho, Johnny C.; Fan, Zhiyong; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yerushalmi, Roie; Ho, Johnny C.; Fan, Zhiyong; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Fan, Zhiyong/C-4970-2012; Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794; Fan, Zhiyong/0000-0002-5397-0129 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 23 BP 4440 EP 4442 DI 10.1002/anie.200800737 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 308BX UT WOS:000256364400037 PM 18461577 ER PT J AU Villa, EM Ohlin, CA Balogh, E Anderson, TM Nyman, MD Casey, WH AF Villa, Eric M. Ohlin, C. Andre Balogh, Edina Anderson, Travis M. Nyman, May D. Casey, William H. TI Reaction dynamics of the decaniobate ion [HxNb10O28]((6-x)-) in water SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; isotopic labeling; kinetics; niobium; polyoxometalates ID O-18 EXCHANGE; CLUSTERS C1 [Casey, William H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, Travis M.; Nyman, May D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Geochem Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Casey, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM whcasey@ucdavis.edu RI Ohlin, C. Andre/B-3567-2008; Villa, Eric/B-5305-2016 OI Ohlin, C. Andre/0000-0002-3804-6421; Villa, Eric/0000-0001-9883-1993 NR 15 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 26 BP 4844 EP 4846 DI 10.1002/anie.200801125 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317SS UT WOS:000257040800008 PM 18496828 ER PT J AU Yao, JM Stewart, ME Maria, J Lee, TW Gray, SK Rogers, JA Nuzzo, RG AF Yao, Jimin Stewart, Matthew E. Maria, Joana Lee, Tae-Woo Gray, Stephen K. Rogers, John A. Nuzzo, Ralph G. TI Seeing molecules by eye: Surface plasmon resonance imaging at visible wavelengths with high spatial resolution and submonolayer sensitivity SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE analytical methods; optical imaging; sensors; surface plasmon resonance ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; REAL-TIME; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; PROTEIN BIOMARKERS; ARRAYS; SENSOR; FILMS; GOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; LITHOGRAPHY C1 [Maria, Joana; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yao, Jimin; Stewart, Matthew E.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lee, Tae-Woo] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 104 S Goodwin Ave,MC-230, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrogers@uiuc.edu; r-nuzzo@uiuc.edu RI Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 NR 31 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 27 BP 5013 EP 5017 DI 10.1002/anie.200800501 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 323EO UT WOS:000257427000012 PM 18512212 ER PT J AU Wu, P Chen, X Hu, N Tam, UC Blixt, O Zettl, A Bertozzi, CR AF Wu, Peng Chen, Xing Hu, Nancy Tam, Un Chong Blixt, Ola Zettl, Alex Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Biocompatible carbon nanotubes generated by functionalization with glycodendrimers SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biomimetic synthesis; carbon; dendrimers; glycoconjugates; nanotubes ID CLICK-CHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; DENDRIMERS; NANOMATERIALS; CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; LIGATION; POLYMER; ALKYNES; AZIDES C1 [Wu, Peng; Chen, Xing; Hu, Nancy; Tam, Un Chong; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blixt, Ola] Scripps Res Inst, Carbohydrate Synth & Prot Express Core D Consorti, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [K99 GM080585, K99 GM080585-01]; PHS HHS [K99M080585-01] NR 35 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 27 BP 5022 EP 5025 DI 10.1002/anie.200705363 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 323EO UT WOS:000257427000014 PM 18509843 ER PT J AU Yoon, DW Gross, DE Lynch, VM Sessler, JL Hay, BP Lee, CH AF Yoon, Dae-Wi Gross, Dustin E. Lynch, Vincent M. Sessler, Jonathan L. Hay, Benjamin P. Lee, Chang-Hee TI Benzene-, pyrrole-, and furan-containing diametrically strapped calix[4]pyrroles - An experimental and theoretical study of hydrogen-bonding effects in chloride anion recognition SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE anions; calorimetry; hydrogen bonds; molecular modeling; supramolecular chemistry ID DOT-CENTER-DOT; GAS-PHASE; RECEPTOR; BINDING; COMPLEXES; EQUILIBRIA; ION; STABILITIES; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE C1 [Yoon, Dae-Wi; Gross, Dustin E.; Lynch, Vincent M.; Sessler, Jonathan L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hay, Benjamin P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Lee, Chang-Hee] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. [Lee, Chang-Hee] Kangwon Natl Univ, Vasc Syst Res Ctr, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Sessler, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM sessler@mail.utexas.edu RI Gross, Dustin/B-4249-2011; Lee, Chang-Hee/C-6339-2012 OI Gross, Dustin/0000-0001-8668-3380; Lee, Chang-Hee/0000-0002-7906-6517 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 58908, R01 GM058907] NR 53 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 27 BP 5038 EP 5042 DI 10.1002/anie.200801426 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 323EO UT WOS:000257427000018 PM 18512217 ER PT J AU Baca, AJ Ahn, JH Sun, YG Meitl, MA Menard, E Kim, HS Choi, WM Kim, DH Huang, Y Rogers, JA AF Baca, Alfred J. Ahn, Jong-Hyun Sun, Yugang Meitl, Matthew A. Menard, Etienne Kim, Hoon-Sik Choi, Won Mook Kim, Dae-Hyeong Huang, Young Rogers, John A. TI Semiconductor wires and ribbons for high-performance flexible electronics SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE lithography; macroelectronics; microfabrication; nanostructures; wavy silicon ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; LARGE-AREA; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; NANOWIRE ARRAYS C1 [Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Baca, Alfred J.; Ahn, Jong-Hyun; Meitl, Matthew A.; Menard, Etienne; Kim, Hoon-Sik; Choi, Won Mook; Kim, Dae-Hyeong; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Huang, Young] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Huang, Young] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ahn, Jong-Hyun; Meitl, Matthew A.; Menard, Etienne; Kim, Hoon-Sik; Choi, Won Mook; Kim, Dae-Hyeong] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sun, Yugang] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ahn, Jong-Hyun] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrogers@uiuc.edu RI Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009; Ahn, Jong-Hyun/G-7702-2011; Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016; Ahn, Jong-Hyun/L-9825-2016 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977; Ahn, Jong-Hyun/0000-0002-8135-7719 NR 188 TC 172 Z9 178 U1 14 U2 132 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 30 BP 5524 EP 5542 DI 10.1002/anie.200703238 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 328PG UT WOS:000257809700005 PM 18615769 ER PT J AU Luo, HM Lin, Y Wang, HY Baily, SA Lee, JH Hawley, ME McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK Bauer, E Civale, L Jia, QX AF Luo, Hongmei Lin, Yuan Wang, Haiyan Baily, Scott A. Lee, Joon Hwan Hawley, Marilyn E. McCleskey, T. Mark Burrell, Anthony K. Bauer, Eve Civale, Leonardo Jia, Quanxi X. TI Amorphous silica nanoparticles embedded in epitaxial SrTiO3 and CoFe2O4 matrices SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE magnetic properties; materials science; nanocomposites; silica; thin films ID POLYMER-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; FERRITE THIN-FILMS; HIGH-COERCIVITY; CO-FERRITE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDE-FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITES; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH C1 [Luo, Hongmei; Lin, Yuan; Baily, Scott A.; Hawley, Marilyn E.; McCleskey, T. Mark; Burrell, Anthony K.; Bauer, Eve; Civale, Leonardo; Jia, Quanxi X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Haiyan; Lee, Joon Hwan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Luo, HM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hluo@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 31 BP 5768 EP 5771 DI 10.1002/anie.200801064 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 330SU UT WOS:000257963900012 PM 18574833 ER PT J AU Zhang, TR Ge, JP Hu, YX Zhang, Q Aloni, S Yin, YD AF Zhang, Tierui Ge, Jianping Hu, Yongxing Zhang, Qiao Aloni, Shaul Yin, Yadong TI Formation of hollow silica colloids through a spontaneous dissolution-regrowth process SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE amorphous materials; colloids; hollow structures; nanostructures; silica ID SHELL STRUCTURE; SPHERES; FABRICATION; NANOPARTICLES; ENCAPSULATION; PARTICLES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPLATES C1 [Zhang, Tierui; Ge, Jianping; Hu, Yongxing; Zhang, Qiao; Yin, Yadong] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Aloni, Shaul] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 92740 USA. RP Yin, YD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM yadong.yin@ucr.edu RI Zhang, Qiao/C-2251-2008; Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Zhang, Tierui/D-1633-2011; Hu, Yongxing/D-3548-2013; Ge, Jianping /B-4681-2012 OI Zhang, Qiao/0000-0001-9682-3295; Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Zhang, Tierui/0000-0002-7948-9413; Hu, Yongxing/0000-0003-2264-9356; NR 46 TC 212 Z9 215 U1 19 U2 189 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 31 BP 5806 EP 5811 DI 10.1002/anie.200800927 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 330SU UT WOS:000257963900022 PM 18574831 ER PT J AU Hooker, JM Schoenberger, M Schieferstein, H Fowler, JS AF Hooker, Jacob M. Schoenberger, Matthias Schieferstein, Hanno Fowler, Joanna S. TI A simple, rapid method for the preparation of [(11)C]formaldehyde SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE formaldehyde; isotopic labeling; N-oxides; oxidation; positron emission tomography ID C-11 FORMALDEHYDE; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; PET C1 [Hooker, Jacob M.; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schoenberger, Matthias; Schieferstein, Hanno] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany. [Fowler, Joanna S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Fowler, Joanna S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Hooker, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooker@bnl.gov OI Hooker, Jacob/0000-0002-9394-7708 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [1F32EB008320-01, F32 EB008320, F32 EB008320-01] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 32 BP 5989 EP 5992 DI 10.1002/anie.200800991 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 333PU UT WOS:000258165400011 PM 18604787 ER PT J AU Lu, CC George, SD Weyhermuller, T Bill, E Bothe, E Wieghardt, K AF Lu, Connie C. George, Serena DeBeer Weyhermueller, Thomas Bill, Eckhard Bothe, Eberhard Wieghardt, Karl TI An electron-transfer series of high-valent chromium complexes with redox non-innocent, non-heme ligands SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioinorganic chemistry; chromium; electron transfer; N ligands; radicals ID HEME-CONTAINING OXYGENASES; PORPHYRIN COMPLEXES; OXIDATION-STATES; IMIDO COMPLEXES; K-EDGE; IRON; REACTIVITY; MANGANESE; FE; CORROLES C1 [Lu, Connie C.; Weyhermueller, Thomas; Bill, Eckhard; Bothe, Eberhard; Wieghardt, Karl] Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim An Der Ruhr, Germany. [George, Serena DeBeer] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Lu, CC (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, Stiftstr 34-36, D-45470 Mulheim An Der Ruhr, Germany. EM ccluck@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de; wieghardt@mpi-muelheim.rnpg.de RI Lu , Connie/A-2281-2010; Weyhermuller, Thomas/G-6730-2012; DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Wieghardt, Karl/B-4179-2014 OI Weyhermuller, Thomas/0000-0002-0399-7999; FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; DOE; BES; NIH; NCRR; BTP; DOE, BER FX C.C.L. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. SSRL operations are funded by the DOE and BES. The SMB program is supported by the NIH, NCRR, BTP, and by the DOE, BER. This publication was made possible by grant number 5 P41 RR001 209 from the NCRR, a component of the NIH. Its contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official view of the NCRR or NIH. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 34 BP 6384 EP 6387 DI 10.1002/anie.200800669 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 339NR UT WOS:000258584800010 PM 18618881 ER PT J AU Kauffman, DR Star, A AF Kauffman, Douglas R. Star, Alexander TI Carbon nanotube gas and vapor sensors SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE carbon nanotubes; field-effect transistors; molecular devices; nanotechnology; sensors ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; THIN-FILMS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SENSING CHARACTERISTICS; HUMIDITY SENSOR; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE-MATERIAL; HYDROGEN SENSORS C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Star, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM astar@pitt.edu RI 李, 府中/H-4357-2011; Star, Alexander/C-3399-2013; OI Kauffman, Douglas/0000-0002-7855-3428 NR 217 TC 449 Z9 451 U1 39 U2 246 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 35 BP 6550 EP 6570 DI 10.1002/anie.200704488 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 341IE UT WOS:000258706600005 PM 18642264 ER PT J AU Wang, P Laskin, J AF Wang, Peng Laskin, Julia TI Helical peptide arrays on self-assembled monolayer surfaces through soft and reactive landing of mass-selected ions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; monolayers; peptides; self-assembly; soft landing ID POLYATOMIC IONS; COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; PREPARATIVE SOFT; ALPHA-HELIX; IN-VACUO; SPECTROMETRY; CLUSTERS; GOLD; POLYPEPTIDES; SEPARATION C1 [Wang, Peng; Laskin, Julia] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM julia.laskin@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and a grant from the Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors thank Dr. John Cort fortechnical assistance and helpful discussions. NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 35 BP 6678 EP 6680 DI 10.1002/anie.200801366 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 341IE UT WOS:000258706600032 PM 18651680 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Liu, P Vines, F Illas, F Takahashi, Y Nakamura, K AF Rodriguez, Jose A. Liu, Ping Vines, Francesc Illas, Francesc Takahashi, Yoshiro Nakamura, Kenichi TI Dissociation of SO(2) on Au/TiC(001): Effects of Au-C interactions and charge polarization SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE carbides; density functional calculations; desulfurization; gold; surface chemistry ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CATALYSIS; SUPPORT; ACTIVATION; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; TITANIA C1 [Rodriguez, Jose A.; Liu, Ping] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Vines, Francesc; Illas, Francesc] Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Fis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Vines, Francesc; Illas, Francesc] Univ Barcelona, IQTCUB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Takahashi, Yoshiro; Nakamura, Kenichi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Illas, Francesc /C-8578-2011 OI Illas, Francesc /0000-0003-2104-6123 FU US Department of Energy, Chemical Sciences Division; Generalitat de Catalunya; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; Universitat de Barcelona; Nippon Foundation for Materials Science FX The research carried out at BNL was supported by the US Department of Energy, Chemical Sciences Division. J.A.R. acknowledges the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya in a visit to the Universitat de Barcelona. F.V. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and Universitat de Barcelona for supporting his predoctoral research. K.N. thanks the Nippon Foundation for Materials Science for grants that made possible part of this work. Computational time on the Marenostrum supercomputer of the Barcelona Supercomputing Center is gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 35 BP 6685 EP 6689 DI 10.1002/anie.200801027 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 341IE UT WOS:000258706600034 PM 18633947 ER PT J AU Diyabalanage, HVK Ganguly, K Ehler, DS Collis, GE Scott, BL Chaudhary, A Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM AF Diyabalanage, Himashinie V. K. Ganguly, Kumkum Ehler, Deborah S. Collis, Gavin E. Scott, Brian L. Chaudhary, Anu Burrell, Anthony K. McCleskey, T. Mark TI Three-coordinate ligand for physiological beryllium imaging by fluoreseuce SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE beryllium; fluorescent probes; immunology; ligand design; luminescence ID PYRIDINE PHENOL LIGANDS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DISEASE; COMPLEXES; SAMPLES C1 [Diyabalanage, Himashinie V. K.; Ehler, Deborah S.; Scott, Brian L.; Burrell, Anthony K.; McCleskey, T. Mark] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ganguly, Kumkum; Chaudhary, Anu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Collis, Gavin E.] CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmark@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD) FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 38 BP 7332 EP 7334 DI 10.1002/anie.200801965 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 350VY UT WOS:000259382900038 PM 18683838 ER PT J AU Shaw, WJ Linehan, JC Szymczak, NK Heldebrant, DJ Yonker, C Camaioni, DM Baker, RT Autrey, T AF Shaw, Wendy J. Linehan, John C. Szymczak, Nathaniel K. Heldebrant, David J. Yonker, Clem Camaioni, Donald M. Baker, R. Tom Autrey, Tom TI In situ multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies of the thermal decomposition of ammonia borane in solution SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE amine boranes; hydrogen storage; kinetics; NMR spectroscopy; thermolysis ID N-H COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN STORAGE C1 [Shaw, Wendy J.; Linehan, John C.; Heldebrant, David J.; Yonker, Clem; Camaioni, Donald M.; Autrey, Tom] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Szymczak, Nathaniel K.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Baker, R. Tom] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87507 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999,MSIN K2-57, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wendy.shaw@pnl.gov FU Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; US Department of Energy (DOE); Chemical Hydrogen Storage Center FX This research was funded by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Chemical Hydrogen Storage Center and carried out at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (operated by Battelle for DOE). NR 16 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 39 BP 7493 EP 7496 DI 10.1002/anie.200802100 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 352EJ UT WOS:000259477700021 PM 18756572 ER PT J AU Fang, XK Kogerler, P AF Fang, Xikui Koegerler, Paul TI PO43--Mediated Polyoxometalate Supercluster Assembly SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cerium; manganese; phosphate; polyoxometalates; template synthesis ID METAL-LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION-STATES; CLUSTERS C1 [Fang, Xikui; Koegerler, Paul] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kogerler, P (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Inorgan Chem, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. EM kogerler@ameslab.gov RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 FU DE-AC0207CH11358 FX We are grateful to Gordon Miller for allowing us access to X-ray facilities. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC0207CH11358. NR 33 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 42 BP 8123 EP 8126 DI 10.1002/anie.200802491 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 360YL UT WOS:000260094600032 PM 18803199 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Naud, DL Parrish, D AF Chavez, David E. Hiskey, Michael A. Naud, Darren L. Parrish, Damon TI Synthesis of an Energetic Nitrate Ester SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE C-C coupling; energetic materials; esters; Kaplan-Shechter reaction ID SALTS; REACTIVITY C1 [Chavez, David E.; Hiskey, Michael A.; Naud, Darren L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parrish, Damon] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; DOE/DoD Munitions Technology Development Program; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported at the Los Alamos National Laboratory by the joint DOE/DoD Munitions Technology Development Program and at the Naval Research Laboratory by the office of Naval Research, Mechanics Division. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 43 BP 8307 EP 8309 DI 10.1002/anie.200803648 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 362ZB UT WOS:000260234600033 PM 18816542 ER PT J AU Hsiao, SC Crow, AK Lam, WA Bertozzi, CR Fletcher, DA Francis, MB AF Hsiao, Sonny C. Crow, Ailey K. Lam, Wilbur A. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Fletcher, Daniel A. Francis, Matthew B. TI DNA-Coated AFM Cantilevers for the Investigation of Cell Adhesion and the Patterning of Live Cells SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE AFM; cell adhesion; DNA; metabolic engineering patterning ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CONCANAVALIN-A; LYMPHOCYTES-T; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULE; CYTOTOXICITY; FIBRONECTIN; MICROARRAYS; ATTACHMENT C1 [Hsiao, Sonny C.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hsiao, Sonny C.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.; Francis, Matthew B.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crow, Ailey K.; Fletcher, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lam, Wilbur A.; Fletcher, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, UCSF Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072736, R01 GM072736-01A1, R01 GM072736-02, R01 GM072736-03, R01 GM072736-04] NR 47 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 44 BP 8473 EP 8477 DI 10.1002/anie.200802525 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 368LN UT WOS:000260622700027 PM 18798192 ER PT J AU Grass, ME Zhang, YW Butcher, DR Park, JY Li, YM Bluhm, H Bratlie, KM Zhang, TF Somorjai, GA AF Grass, Michael E. Zhang, Yawen Butcher, Derek R. Park, Jeong Y. Li, Yimin Bluhm, Hendrik Bratlie, Kaitlin M. Zhang, Tianfu Somorjai, Gabor A. TI A Reactive Oxide Overlayer on Rhodium Nanoparticles during CO Oxidation and Its Size Dependence Studied by In Situ Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; heterogeneous catalysis; nanomaterials; rhodium; XPS ID RH SURFACES; PD; CATALYSTS; RH/AL2O3; KINETICS; METALS; NO C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Yawen] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Bratlie, Kaitlin/A-1133-2009; Li, Yimin/F-5817-2012; Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008; Li, Yimin/F-5821-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering, and Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC03-76SF00098. We also thank the Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source, LBNL for use of their facilities and Prof. Miquel Salmeron and Dr. Zhi Liu for valuable discussions. Y.W.Z. appreciates financial aid with a Huaxin Distinguished Scholar Award from Peking University Education Foundation of China NR 23 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 16 U2 137 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 46 BP 8893 EP 8896 DI 10.1002/anie.200803574 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 372CI UT WOS:000260878700022 PM 18924206 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Kobayashi, A Halder, GJ Peterson, VK Chapman, KW Lock, N Southon, PD Kepert, CJ AF Wu, Yue Kobayashi, Atsushi Halder, Gregory J. Peterson, Vanessa K. Chapman, Karena W. Lock, Nina Southon, Peter D. Kepert, Cameron J. TI Negative Thermal Expansion in the Metal-Organic Framework Material Cu-3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE coordination frameworks; materials science; metal-organic frameworks; microporous materials; thermal expansion ID NANOPOROUS PRUSSIAN BLUE; VALENCE TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ZRW2O8; DIFFRACTION; ZN; CD C1 [Wu, Yue; Kobayashi, Atsushi; Halder, Gregory J.; Peterson, Vanessa K.; Lock, Nina; Southon, Peter D.; Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Kobayashi, Atsushi] Hokkaido Univ, Div Chem, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chapman, Karena W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lock, Nina] Univ Aarhus, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Kepert, CJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM c.kepert@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Southon, Peter/B-9475-2013; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013; Wu, Yue/H-9895-2013 OI Southon, Peter/0000-0001-8097-9340; Wu, Yue/0000-0003-2874-8267 FU Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant (C.J.K.); Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant (C.J.K.) and the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program. Work done at Argonne National Laboratory and use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Nadia Leyarovska for beamline support. NR 35 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 57 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 46 BP 8929 EP 8932 DI 10.1002/anie.200803925 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 372CI UT WOS:000260878700031 PM 18850600 ER PT J AU McLain, SE Soper, AK Daidone, I Smith, JC Watts, A AF McLain, Sylvia E. Soper, Alan K. Daidone, Isabella Smith, Jeremy C. Watts, Anthony TI Charge-Based Interactions between Peptides Observed as the Dominant Force for Association in Aqueous Solution SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE charge-charge interactions; hydrophobic effects; molecular dynamics; neutron diffraction; peptide association ID DRIVING-FORCE; HYDRATION; SIMULATIONS; ION C1 [McLain, Sylvia E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Soper, Alan K.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Daidone, Isabella; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Heidelberg, Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Smith, Jeremy C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Watts, Anthony] Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Oxford OX1 3QU, England. RP McLain, SE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mclainse@ornl.gov RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012; OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 47 BP 9059 EP 9062 DI 10.1002/anie.200802679 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 374JD UT WOS:000261038700010 PM 18937237 ER PT J AU Bell, CB Wong, SD Xiao, YM Klinker, EJ Tenderholt, AL Smith, MC Rohde, JU Que, L Cramer, SP Solomon, EI AF Bell, Caleb B., III Wong, Shaun D. Xiao, Yuming Klinker, Eric J. Tenderholt, Adam L. Smith, Matt C. Rohde, Jan-Uwe Que, Lawrence, Jr. Cramer, Stephen P. Solomon, Edward I. TI A Combined NRVS and DFT Study of Fe-IV=O Model Complexes: A Diagnostic Method for the Elucidation of Non-Heme Iron Enzyme Intermediates SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioinorganic chemistry; iron; nuclear vibrational resonance spectroscopy; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID RESONANCE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; OXOIRON(IV) COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; MYOGLOBIN C1 [Bell, Caleb B., III; Wong, Shaun D.; Tenderholt, Adam L.; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Xiao, Yuming; Smith, Matt C.; Cramer, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Xiao, Yuming; Smith, Matt C.; Cramer, Stephen P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Edward.Solomon@stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC0206CH11357]; NIH [GM65440, GM33162, GM40392]; NSF-Biophysics Program [MCB-0342807] FX NRVS = nuclear vibrational resonance spectroscopy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. Financial support of this research was provided by NIH Grants GM65440 (S.P.C), GM33162 (L.Q.), and GM40392 (E.I.S.) and NSF-Biophysics Program Grant MCB-0342807 (E.I.S). We would like to thank Jiyong Zhao, Wolfgang Sturhahn, and the staff at beamline 3-ID for assistance and discussions regarding NRVS. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 47 BP 9071 EP 9074 DI 10.1002/anie.200803740 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 374JD UT WOS:000261038700013 PM 18925598 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Park, JY AF Somorjai, Gabor A. Park, Jeong Y. TI Molecular Factors of Catalytic Selectivity SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE adsorption; heterogeneous catalysis; nanoparticles; reaction intermediates; selectivity ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; BLODGETT MONOLAYER FORMATION; METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTIONS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-PRESSURE; CO OXIDATION; IN-SITU; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES C1 [Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Somorjai, Gabor A.; Park, Jeong Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Somorjai, Gabor A.; Park, Jeong Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008 NR 119 TC 257 Z9 257 U1 17 U2 135 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 48 BP 9212 EP 9228 DI 10.1002/anie.200803181 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 380DH UT WOS:000261445900007 PM 19006127 ER PT J AU Pons, V Baker, RT AF Pons, Vincent Baker, R. Tom TI Soluble Boron-Nitrogen High Polymers from Metal-Complex-Catalyzed Amine Borane Dehydrogenation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE boron; dehydrocoupling; homogeneous catalysis; nitrogen; polymers ID CHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE; AMMONIA-BORANE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; NITRIDE; BONDS; PRECURSOR; ADDUCTS; ROUTE; POLY(AMINOBORANE); POLYBORAZYLENE C1 [Pons, Vincent; Baker, R. Tom] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87507 USA. RP Baker, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J582, Los Alamos, NM 87507 USA. EM bakertom@lanl.gov NR 52 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 50 BP 9600 EP 9602 DI 10.1002/anie.200803089 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 384EP UT WOS:000261727400004 PM 19006157 ER PT J AU Pap, JS George, SD Berry, JF AF Pap, Jozsef S. George, Serena DeBeer Berry, John F. TI Delocalized Metal-Metal and Metal-Ligand Multiple Bonding in a Linear Ru-Ru N Unit: Elongation of a Traditionally Short Ru N Bond SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE delocalized bonding; metal-metal interactions; nitrides; photooxidation; ruthenium ID ATOMIC NITROGEN; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES; RU(0001) C1 [Pap, Jozsef S.; Berry, John F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [George, Serena DeBeer] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Berry, JF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM berry@chem.wisc.edu RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; OI Pap, Jozsef /0000-0003-1704-0925 FU DOE; BES; NIH; NCRR; BMTP; BER FX We are grateful to the University of Wisconsin for providing generous startup funds. We also thank Prof. Thomas Brunold for access to the resonance Raman facility, and Michael Nippe for assistance with the mass spectrometry. SSRL operations are funded by DOE, BES. The SMB program is supported by NIH, NCRR, BMTP and by DOE, BER. NR 22 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 52 BP 10102 EP 10105 DI 10.1002/anie.200804397 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 388VT UT WOS:000262048700012 PM 19034936 ER PT B AU Boore, JL Fuerstenberg, SI AF Boore, Jeffrey L. Fuerstenberg, Susan I. BE Telford, MJ Littlewood, DTJ TI Beyond linear sequence comparisons: the use of genome-level characters for phylogenetic reconstruction SO ANIMAL EVOLUTION: GENOMES, FOSSILS, AND TREES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Boore, Jeffrey L.; Fuerstenberg, Susan I.] Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Boore, JL (reprint author), Genome Project Solut, 1024 Promenade St, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172160-1; 978-0-19-957030-0 PY 2008 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA BC6SH UT WOS:000354458500015 ER PT J AU Taylor, MGGT Lavraud, B AF Taylor, M. G. G. T. Lavraud, B. TI Observation of three distinct ion populations at the Kelvin-Helmholtz-unstable magnetopause SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetotail boundary layers; plasma sheet; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; DUSK PLASMA SHEET; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPIES; MAGNETOTAIL BOUNDARY; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE AB We report Double Star spacecraft observations of the dusk-flank magnetopause and its boundary layer under predominantly northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Under such conditions the flank low-latitude boundary layers (LLBL) of the magnetosphere are known to broaden. The primary candidate processes associated with the transport of solar wind plasma into the LLBL are: (1) local diffusive plasma transport associated with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), (2) local plasma penetration owing to magnetic reconnection in the vicinity of the KHI-driven vortices, and (3) via a pre-existing boundary layer formed through double high-latitude reconnection on the dayside. Previous studies have shown that a cold population of solar wind origin is typically mixed with a hot population of magnetospheric origin in the LLBL. The present observations show the coexistence of three distinct ion populations in the dusk LLBL, during an interval when the magnetopause is unstable to the KHI: (1) a typical hot magnetospheric population, (2) a cold population that shows parallel temperature anisotropy, and (3) a distinct third cold population that shows perpendicular temperature anisotropy. Although no unambiguous conclusion may be drawn from this single event, we discuss the possible mechanisms at work and the origin of each population by envisaging three likely sources: hot magnetospheric plasma sheet, cold magnetosheath of solar wind origin, and cold plasma of ionospheric origin. C1 [Taylor, M. G. G. T.] European Space Agcy, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Lavraud, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Taylor, MGGT (reprint author), European Space Agcy, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. EM mtaylor@rssd.esa.int NR 51 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1559 EP 1566 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311IN UT WOS:000256594000022 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR Holzworth, R Shao, XM AF Jacobson, A. R. Holzworth, R. Shao, X. -M. TI Low-frequency ionospheric sounding with Narrow Bipolar Event lightning radio emissions: energy-reflectivity spectrum SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; plasma temperature and density; instruments and techniques ID FIELDS REFLEXION COEFFICIENTS; D-REGION; NUMERICAL CALCULATION; VLF PROPAGATION; WAVE-GUIDE; RADIATION; POLARIZATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARAMETERS; AMPLITUDE AB We analyze data on radio-reflection from the D-region of the lower ionosphere, retrieving the energy-reflection coefficient in the frequency range similar to 5-95 kHz. The data are the same as developed for a recent study of ionospheric-reflection height, and are based on recordings of powerful (multi-Gigawatt) radio emissions from a type of narrow (similar to 10 mu s) lightning discharge known as "Narrow Bipolar Events". The sequential appearance of first the groundwave signal, and then the ionospheric single-hop reflection signal, permits us to construct the energy-reflection ratio. We infer the energy reflection's statistical variation with solar zenith angle, angle-of-incidence, frequency, and propagation azimuth. There is also a marginally-significant response of the energy reflectivity to solar X-ray flux density. Finally, we review the relationship of our results to previous published reports. C1 [Jacobson, A. R.; Holzworth, R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shao, X. -M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM abramj@u.washington.edu NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1793 EP 1803 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 332HO UT WOS:000258074300012 ER PT J AU Matsui, H Puhl-Quinn, PA Jordanova, VK Khotyaintsev, Y Lindqvist, PA Torbert, RB AF Matsui, H. Puhl-Quinn, P. A. Jordanova, V. K. Khotyaintsev, Y. Lindqvist, P. -A. Torbert, R. B. TI Derivation of inner magnetospheric electric field (UNH-IMEF) model using Cluster data set SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; electric fields; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID LATITUDE PLASMA CONVECTION; RING CURRENT; LARGE-SCALE; SOLAR-WIND; OUTER PLASMASPHERE; IMF-DEPENDENCE; SAINT-SANTIN; ION DRIFTS; EDI; POTENTIALS AB We derive an inner magnetospheric electric field (UNH-IMEF) model at L=2-10 using primarily Cluster electric field data for more than 5 years between February 2001 and October 2006. This electric field data set is divided into several ranges of the interplanetary electric field (IEF) values measured by ACE. As ring current simulations which require electric field as an input parameter are often performed at L=2-6.6, we have included statistical results from ground radars and low altitude satellites inside the perigee of Cluster in our data set (L similar to 4). Electric potential patterns are derived from the average electric fields by solving an inverse problem. The electric potential pattern for small IEF values is probably affected by the ionospheric dynamo. The magnitudes of the electric field increase around the evening local time as IEF increases, presumably due to the sub-auroral polarization stream (SAPS). Another region with enhanced electric fields during large IEF periods is located around 9 MLT at L>8, which is possibly related to solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. Our potential patterns are consistent with those derived from self-consistent simulations. As the potential patterns can be interpolated/extrapolated to any discrete IEF value within measured ranges, we thus derive an empirical electric potential model. The performance of the model is evaluated by comparing the electric field derived from the model with original one measured by Cluster and mapped to the equator. The model is open to the public through our website. C1 [Matsui, H.; Puhl-Quinn, P. A.; Torbert, R. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jordanova, V. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Khotyaintsev, Y.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Lindqvist, P. -A.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Matsui, H (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM hiroshi.matsui@unh.edu RI Khotyaintsev, Yuri/C-4745-2008; Lindqvist, Per-Arne/G-1221-2016; OI Lindqvist, Per-Arne/0000-0001-5617-9765; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 FU NASA [NNG05GG50G] FX We thank Cluster Active Archive (CAA) for double probe data. We are grateful to E. A. Lucek and H. Reme for magnetic field data and energy-time spectra from Cluster, respectively. N. F. Ness and D. J. McComas provided ACE MAG and SWEPAM data through CDA Website, respectively. Sym-H index is taken from World Data Center at Kyoto University. This work was supported by NASA through grant NNG05GG50G.; Topical Editor R. Nakamura thanks two anonymous referees for their help in evaluating this paper. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2887 EP 2898 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 355IO UT WOS:000259702800030 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G Restante, AL AF Lapenta, G. Restante, A. L. TI Blob formation and acceleration in the solar wind: role of converging flows and viscosity SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th SOHO Workshop 2007 CY AUG 27-31, 2007 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Univ Ghent, Organizing Inst, Royal Observ Belgium DE Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy; Corona and transition region; Magnetic fields; Space plasma physics; Magnetic reconnection; Numerical simulation studies ID CORONAL STREAMER; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; TRIPLE STRUCTURES; HELMET STREAMERS; LARGE-ANGLE; BELT; ORIGIN; FIELD AB The effect of viscosity and of converging flows on the formation of blobs in the slow solar wind is analysed by means of resistive MHD simulations. The regions above coronal streamers where blobs are formed (Sheeley et al., 1997) are simulated using a model previously proposed by Einaudi et al. (1999). The result of our investigation is two-fold. First, we demonstrate a new mechanism for enhanced momentum transfer between a forming blob and the fast solar wind surrounding it. The effect is caused by the longer range of the electric field caused by the tearing instability forming the blob. The electric field reaches into the fast solar wind and interacts with it, causing a viscous drag that is global in nature rather than local across fluid layers as it is the case in normal uncharged fluids (like water). Second, the presence of a magnetic cusp at the tip of a coronal helmet streamer causes a converging of the flows on the two sides of the streamer and a direct push of the forming island by the fast solar wind, resulting in a more efficient momentum exchange. C1 [Lapenta, G.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Plasma Astrofys, Dept Wiskunde, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Lapenta, G.; Restante, A. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Restante, A. L.] Univ St Andrews, Math Inst, Solar & Magnetospher MHD Theory Grp, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Plasma Astrofys, Dept Wiskunde, Celestijnenlaan 200B,Bus 2400, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM giovanni.lapenta@wis.kuleuven.be OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 10 BP 3049 EP 3060 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 360LQ UT WOS:000260059400013 ER PT J AU Keiling, A Mozer, FS Reme, H Dandouras, I Lucek, E Fujimoto, M Hasegawa, H Reeves, GD AF Keiling, A. Mozer, F. S. Reme, H. Dandouras, I. Lucek, E. Fujimoto, M. Hasegawa, H. Reeves, G. D. TI Periodic traveling compression regions during quiet geomagnetic conditions and their association with ground Pi2 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Magnetotail; Storms and substorms ID SUBSTORM EXPANSION PHASE; BURSTY BULK FLOWS; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA SHEET; GROWTH-PHASE; PULSATIONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; SPACECRAFT; ONSET; TAIL AB Recently, Keiling et al. (2006) showed that periodic (similar to 90 s) traveling compression regions (TCRs) during a substorm had properties of Pi2 pulsations, prompting them to call this type of periodic TCRs "lobe Pi2". It was further shown that time-delayed ground Pi2 had the same period as the lobe Pi2 located at 16 R(E), and it was concluded that both were remotely driven by periodic, pulsed reconnection in the magnetotail. In the study reported here, we give further evidence for this association by reporting additional periodic TCR events (lobe Pi2s) at 18 R(E) all of which occurred in succession during a geomagnetically very quiet, non-substorm period. Each quiet-time periodic TCR event occurred during an interval of small H-bay-like ground disturbance (<40 nT). Such disturbances have previously been identified as poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs). The small H bays were superposed by Pi2s. These ground Pi2s are compared to the TCRs in the tail lobe (Cluster) and both magnetic pulsations and flow variations at 9 R(E) inside the plasma sheet (Geotail). The main results of this study are: (1) Further evidence is given that periodic TCRs in the tail lobe at distances of 18 R(E) and ground Pi2 are related phenomena. In particular, it is shown that both had the same periodicity and occurred simultaneously (allowing for propagation time delays) strongly suggesting that both had the same periodic source. Since the TCRs were propagating Earthward, this source was located in the outer magnetosphere beyond 18 R(E). (2) The connection of periodic TCRs and ground Pi2 also exists during very quiet geomagnetic conditions with PBIs present in addition to the previous result (Keiling et al., 2006) which showed this connection during substorms. (3) Combining (1) and (2), we conclude that the frequency of PBI-associated Pi2 is controlled in the outer magnetosphere as opposed to the inner magnetosphere. We propose that this mechanism is pulsed reconnection based on previous results which combined modeled results and observations of substorm-related periodic TCRs and ground Pi2. (4) We show that TCRs with small compression ratios (Delta B/B< 1%) can be useful in the study of magnetotail dynamics and we argue that other compressional fluctuations with Delta B/B< 1% (without having all of the characteristic signatures of TCRs) seen in the tail lobe could possibly be related to the same mechanism that generates TCR with Delta B/B> 1% (which are more commonly studied). (5) Finally, it is noted that both quiet time and substorm-related periodic TCRs had remarkably similar periods in spite of the drastically different geomagnetic conditions prevailing during the events which poses the important question of what causes this periodicity under these different conditions. C1 [Keiling, A.; Mozer, F. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reme, H.; Dandouras, I.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Lucek, E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Fujimoto, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Hasegawa, H.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keiling, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keiling@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Hasegawa, Hiroshi/A-1192-2007; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Hasegawa, Hiroshi/0000-0002-1172-021X; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118 FU NASA [NNG05GL27G-06/08] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNG05GL27G-06/08. The geomagnetic indices were provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto (http://swdcwww.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). We thank D.-L. Wilkinson and K. Yumoto for providing magnetometer data from the Geophysical Institute Magnetometer Array (GIMA) and the 210 degrees Magnetic Meridian network (210 MM), respectively. The Geotail data were obtained through the Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb) and DARTS at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan. We acknowledge the data providers D. Williams (APL/JHU) for the EPIC data, S. Kokubun (STELAB) for the MGF data, and T. Mukai (ISAS) for the LEP data. Thanks is also due to the reviewers for their critical comments. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 11 BP 3341 EP 3354 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393XI UT WOS:000262409400012 ER PT J AU Ilas, G Gauld, IC AF Ilas, Germina Gauld, Ian C. TI SCALE analysis of CLAB decay heat measurements for LWR spent fuel assemblies SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB A set of decay heat measurements for spent fuel assemblies recently carried out at the Swedish central interim storage facility for spent fuel, CLAB, was analyzed with the SCALE code system. The measurements include a variety of light water reactor assemblies that cover a large burnup range - up to 51 GWd/MTU - and a cooling time domain of interest to spent fuel storage and transportation applications. The results of the analysis show a good agreement between measured and predicted decay heat, with the calculated decay heat ill general within the range of the uncertainty of the measured value. The effect of various assembly data on the calculated decay heat is analyzed and discussed. Uncertainties that may arise from various approaches and assumptions in the computational model are identified and examined. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilas, Germina; Gauld, Ian C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ilas, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ilasg@ornl.gov OI Gauld, Ian/0000-0002-3893-7515; Ilas, Germina/0000-0003-4222-6393 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2007.05.017 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259AH UT WOS:000252911000004 ER PT S AU Gross, RE Harris, SP AF Gross, R. E. Harris, S. P. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Safety Relief Valve Proof Test Data to Optimize Lifecycle Maintenance Costs SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2008 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Relief valves; pressure; maintenance; useful life; ratio; ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code AB Proof test results were analyzed and compared with a proposed life cycle curve or hazard function and the limit of useful life. Relief valve proof testing procedures, statistical modeling, data collection processes, and time-in-service trends are presented. The resulting analysis of test data allows for the estimation of a probability of failure on demand (PFD). Extending maintenance intervals to the limit of useful life as well as methodologies and practices for improving relief valve performance and reliability are discussed. A generic cost-benefit analysis and an expected life cycle cost reduction concludes that $90 million maintenance dollars might be avoided for a population of 3000 valves over 20 years. C1 [Gross, R. E.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site,Ms 722A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Harris, S. P.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gross, RE (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site,Ms 722A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Robert.gross@srs.gov; Stephen.harris@srnl.doe.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-1460-4 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2008 BP 313 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME58 UT WOS:000272027800055 ER PT S AU Harel, E Schroder, L Xu, SJ AF Harel, Elad Schroeder, Leif Xu, Shoujun TI Novel Detection Schemes of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Applications from Analytical Chemistry to Molecular Sensors SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE microfluidics; flow imaging; low field; atomic magnetometer; molecular imaging; chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) ID SATURATION-TRANSFER AGENTS; POLARIZED NOBLE-GASES; REMOTE-DETECTION NMR; LIQUID-STATE NMR; ON-A-CHIP; XENON BIOSENSOR; PROTON-EXCHANGE; PARACEST AGENTS; MRI CONTRAST; FUNCTIONALIZED XENON AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well-established analytical technique in chemistry. The ability to precisely control the nuclear spin interactions that give rise to the NMR phenomenon has led to revolutionary advances in fields as diverse as protein structure determination and medical diagnosis. Here, we discuss methods for increasing the sensitivity, of magnetic resonance experiments, moving away, from the paradigm of traditional NMR by separating the encoding and detection steps of the experiment. This added flexibility allows for diverse applications ranging from lab-on-a-chip flow imaging and biological sensors to optical detection of magnetic resonance imaging at low magnetic fields. We aim to compare and discuss various approaches for a host of problems in material science, biology and physics that differ from the high-field methods routinely used in analytical chemistry and medical imaging. C1 [Harel, Elad; Schroeder, Leif] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harel, Elad; Schroeder, Leif] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Shoujun] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Harel, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elharel@berkeley.edu; schroeder@waughcchem.berkeley.edu; sxu7@uh.edu RI Schroder, Leif/H-6036-2011 OI Schroder, Leif/0000-0003-4901-0325 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy, Sciences; Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF0098]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [DE-AC05-00OR22750]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR 995/1-1] FX This work is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy, Sciences and the Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF0098. E.H.. is supported by a fellowship from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under DOE contract number DE-AC05-00OR22750. L.S. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHR 995/1-1) through all Emmy Noether Fellowship. NR 101 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 31 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4401-6 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2008 VL 1 BP 133 EP 163 DI 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113018 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 395LI UT WOS:000262525200005 PM 20636077 ER PT J AU Frieman, JA Turner, MS Huterer, D AF Frieman, Joshua A. Turner, Michael S. Huterer, Dragan TI Dark energy and the accelerating universe SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cosmological constant; cosmology; galaxy clusters; large-scale structure; supernovae; weak gravitational lensing ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; NONZERO COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; WEAK-LENSING SURVEYS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; IA SUPERNOVAE; COSMIC ACCELERATION; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS AB Ten years ago, the discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating put in place the last major building block of the present cosmological model, in which the universe is composed of 4% baryons, 20% dark matter, and 76% dark energy. At the same time, it posed one of the most profound mysteries in all of science, with (feel) connections to both astrophysics and particle physics. Cosmic acceleration could arise from the repulsive gravity of dark energy-for example, the quantum energy of the vacuum-or it may signal that general relativity (GR) breaks down on cosmological scales and must be replaced. We review the present observational evidence for cosmic acceleration and what it has revealed about dark energy, discuss the various theoretical ideas that have been proposed to explain acceleration, and describe the key observational probes that will shed light on this enigma in the coming years. C1 [Frieman, Joshua A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Turner, Michael S.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Huterer, Dragan] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Frieman, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM frieman@fnal.gov; mturner@uchicago.edu; huterer@umich.edu NR 187 TC 605 Z9 610 U1 6 U2 69 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2008 VL 46 BP 385 EP 432 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145243 PG 48 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 350WH UT WOS:000259383800012 ER PT S AU Groves, JT Parthasarathy, R Forstner, MB AF Groves, Jay T. Parthasarathy, Raghuveer Forstner, Martin B. TI Fluorescence imaging of membrane dynamics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SE ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy; fluorescence interference contrast microscopy; fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; lipid membrane; cell membrane ID TOTAL INTERNAL-REFLECTION; INTERFERENCE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; CROSS-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SUPPORTED LIPID-BILAYERS; LIGAND-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS; GIANT UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; SINGLE-MOLECULE ANALYSIS; CLATHRIN-COATED PITS; MODE WAVE-GUIDES; LIVING CELLS AB Imaging membrane dynamics is an important goal, motivated 1)), the abundance of biochemical and biophysical events that are orchestrated at or, by, cellular membranes. The short length scales, fast timescales, and environmental requirements of membrane phenomena present challenges to imaging experiments. Several technical advances offer means to overcome these challenges, and we describe here three powerful techniques applicable to membrane imaging: total internal reflection fluorescence (17IRF) microscopy, fluorescence interference contrast (FLIC) microscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). For each, we discuss the physics underpinning the approach, its practical implementation, and recent examplcs highlighting its achievements in exploring the membrane environment. C1 [Groves, Jay T.; Forstner, Martin B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parthasarathy, Raghuveer] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Groves, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JTGroves@lbl.gov; raghu@uoregon.edu; mbf@berkeley.edu RI Parthasarathy, Raghuveer/A-5958-2008; Forstner, Martin/A-8903-2008 OI Parthasarathy, Raghuveer/0000-0002-6006-4749; Forstner, Martin/0000-0003-0413-8659 NR 136 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 51 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1523-9829 BN 978-0-8243-3510-6 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2008 VL 10 BP 311 EP 338 DI 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.10.061807.160431 PG 28 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 340XW UT WOS:000258679300012 PM 18429702 ER PT S AU Holbrook, SR AF Holbrook, Stephen R. TI Structural principles from large RNAs SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE RNA structure; RNA secondary structure; RNA tertiary structure; RNA domains; interhelical base stacking; ribosomal RNA ID LARGE RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE; PHENYLALANINE TRANSFER-RNA; BACTERIAL RIBONUCLEASE-P; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; RIBOZYME DOMAIN; SRP RNA; COMPLEX AB Since the year 2000 a number of large RNA three-dimensional structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Structures composed of more than 100 nucleotide residues include the signal recognition particle RNA, group I intron, the GlmS ribozyme, RNAseP RNA, and ribosomal RNAs from Haloarcula morismortui, Escherichia coli, Thermus thermophilus, and Deinococcus radiodurans. These large RNAs are constructed from the same secondary and tertiary structural motifs identified in smaller RNAs but appear to have a larger organizational architecture. They are dominated by long continuous interhelical base stacking, tend to segregate into domains, and are planar in overall shape as opposed to their globular protein counterparts. These findings have consequences in RNA folding, intermolecular interaction, and packing, in addition to studies of design and engineering and structure prediction. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Dept Biol Struct, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holbrook, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Dept Biol Struct, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SRHolbrook@lbl.gov NR 72 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1936-122X BN 978-0-8243-1837-6 J9 ANNU REV BIOPHYS JI Ann. Rev. Biophys. PY 2008 VL 37 BP 445 EP 464 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.36.040306.132755 PG 20 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 332UB UT WOS:000258107500022 PM 18573090 ER PT S AU Bhalla, N Dernburg, AF AF Bhalla, Needhi Dernburg, Abby F. TI Prelude to a Division SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE meiosis; homologous chromosomes; pairing; synapsis; recombination; meiotic bouquet ID MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME SYNAPSIS; DOUBLE-STRAND-BREAK; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX PROTEIN; C-ELEGANS MEIOSIS; STABLE HOMOLOG JUXTAPOSITION; OSCILLATORY NUCLEAR-MOVEMENT; FISSION YEAST MEIOSIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BUDDING YEAST; BOUQUET FORMATION AB Accurate segregation of chromosomes during meiosis requires physical links between homologs. These links are usually established through chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination, which occur during meiotic prophase. How chromosomes pair with their homologous partners is one of the outstanding mysteries of meiosis. Surprisingly experimental evidence indicates that different organisms have found more than one way, to accomplish this fear. Whereas some species depend on recombination machinery to achieve homologous pairing, others are able to pair and synapse their homologs in the absence of recombination. To ensure specific pairing between homologous chromosomes, both recombination-dependent and recombination independent mechanisms must strike the proper balance between forces that promote chromosome interactions and activities that temper the promiscuity of those interactions. The initiation of synapsis is likely to be a tightly regulated step in a process that must be mechanically coupled to homolog pairing. C1 [Bhalla, Needhi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dernburg, Abby F.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dernburg, Abby F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhalla, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM bhalla@biology.ucse.edu; AFDernburg@lbl.gov OI Dernburg, Abby/0000-0001-8037-1079 FU NIH [K99RR0241110, R01 GM065591] FX The authors would like to thank Scott Hawley, Doug Kellog, and members of the Dernburg Lab for careful reading of the manuscript. This work was written while N.H. was a postdoctoral fellow in the lab of A.F.D. and affiliated with Lawrence Berkeley National Labs and University of California, Berkeley. Both authors are supported by the NIH (N.B.: K99RR0241110; A.F.D.: R01 GM065591). NR 149 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1081-0706 BN 978-0-8243-3124-5 J9 ANNU REV CELL DEV BI JI Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. PY 2008 VL 24 BP 397 EP 424 DI 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123245 PG 28 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 371SL UT WOS:000260851500017 PM 18597662 ER PT S AU Levine, MD Aderi, NT AF Levine, Mark D. Aderi, Nathaniel T. TI Global Carbon Emissions in the Coming Decades: The Case of China SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE carbon emissions forecasts; carbon intensity; emissions reductions; energy policy ID RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; ENERGY-EFFICIENCY; STRUCTURAL-CHANGE; INTENSITY CHANGE; CO2 EMISSIONS; EMBODIMENT; INDUSTRY; TRADE AB China's annual energy-related carbon emissions surpassed those of the United States in 2006, years ahead of published international and Chinese forecasts. Why were forecasts so greatly in error and what drove the rapid growth of China's energy-related carbon emissions after 2001? The divergence between actual and forecasted carbon emissions underscores the rapid changes that have taken place in China's energy system since 2001. In order to build a more robust understanding of China's energy-related carbon emissions, this article reviews the role of economic restructuring, urbanization, coal dependence, international trade, and central government policies in driving emissions growth. C1 [Levine, Mark D.; Aderi, Nathaniel T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Levine, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdlevine@lbl.gov; ntaden@lbl.gov NR 65 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2333-2 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2008 VL 33 BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.1146/annurev.environ.33.012507.172124 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379EJ UT WOS:000261379200004 ER PT S AU Loth, F Fischer, PF Bassiouny, HS AF Loth, Francis Fischer, Paul F. Bassiouny, Hisham S. TI Blood flow in end-to-side anastomoses SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS SE Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE hemodynamics; arterial bypass graft; arteriovenous graft; transitional flow; wall shear stress ID WALL SHEAR-STRESS; VASCULAR GRAFT ANASTOMOSES; INTIMAL-MEDIAL HYPERPLASIA; ARTERIOVENOUS LOOP GRAFTS; OF-PLANE GEOMETRY; PULSATILE FLOW; STEADY FLOW; BYPASS GRAFTS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CAROTID BIFURCATION AB Blood flow in end-to-side autogenous or prosthetic graft anastomoses is of great interest to biomedical researchers because the biomechanical force profile engendered by blood flow disturbances at such geometric transitions is thought to play a significant role in vascular remodeling and graft failure. Thus, investigators have extensively studied anastomotic blood flow patterns in relation to graft failure with the objective of enabling the design of a more optimal graft anastomotic geometry. In contrast to arterial bifurcations, surgically created anastomoses can be modified to yield a flow environment that improves graft longevity. Understanding blood flow patterns at anastomotic junctions is a challenging problem because of the highly varying and complex three-dimensional nature of the geometry that is subjected to pulsatile and, occasionally, turbulent flow. C1 [Loth, Francis] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Loth, Francis] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Fischer, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bassiouny, Hisham S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Loth, F (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM floth@uic.edu; fischer@mcs.anl.gov; hbassiou@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu RI Loth, Francis/C-1177-2008 NR 73 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 BN 978-0-8243-0740-0 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2008 VL 40 BP 367 EP 393 DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102119 PG 27 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 258JD UT WOS:000252863300016 ER PT S AU Saiz, E Cannon, RM Tomsia, AP AF Saiz, Eduardo Cannon, Rowland M. Tomsia, Antoni P. TI High-temperature wetting and the work of adhesion in metal/oxide systems SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE oxygen adsorption; metal-ceramic interfaces; contact angle; spreading; alumina ID METAL-OXIDE INTERFACES; ALPHA-AL2O3 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-SCALE OBSERVATIONS; MONITORED OXYGEN ACTIVITY; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; SN-AL ALLOYS; LIQUID FE-NI; SURFACE-TENSION AB This article reviews data on wetting and the work of adhesion in metal/oxide systems at high temperatures in terms of proposed mutual adsorption models. Favorable adsorption energies can induce changes, especially near the high- and low-p(O(2)) limits of the coexistence range that often mimic bulk oxidation or reduction reactions. However, in some systems in intermediate range Of P(02) exists wherein all the interfaces are stoichiometric and the contact angle and work of adhesion are independent of p(O(2)). A revision of existing data for several pure metal/Al(2)O(3) systems affirms predicted trends and reveals that the contact angle is 110 degrees-130 degrees at the plateau and drops to or below 90 degrees at the high- and low-p(O(2)) limits. This article also compares the data with recent advances in the characterization and modeling of metal-ceramic interfaces at the atomic level. C1 [Saiz, Eduardo; Cannon, Rowland M.; Tomsia, Antoni P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Esaiz@lbl.gov; aptomsia@lbl.gov NR 162 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 48 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1738-6 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2008 VL 38 BP 197 EP 226 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.38.060407.132443 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 336AS UT WOS:000258337300009 ER PT S AU Hou, PY AF Hou, P. Y. TI Segregation phenomena at thermally grown Al(2)O(3)/alloy interfaces SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE oxidation; sulfur; chromium; platinum; reactive element ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; SOLUTE-ATOM SEGREGATION; OXIDE SCALE ADHERENCE; CR-AL ALLOYS; SULFUR SEGREGATION; ALUMINA SCALES; NIAL/GAMMA-AL2O3 INTERFACES; INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS AB Experimental results on S segregation at growing Al(2)O(3)/alloy interfaces are reviewed for binary FeAl, NiAl alloys, and ternary alloys with additions of Cr, Pt, or a reactive element, such as Zr, Hf, or V. The segregation behavior is thermodynamic in nature, but the segregation energy can change not only with alloying elements but also with oxidation time and temperature as the oxide growth process changes. Although reactive elements ire capable of eliminating interfacial S segregation, they do not stop such segregation to alloy surfaces. The segregation of a reactive element at the interface further strengthens the interfacial bonding. Cosegregation of S and Cr can occur, resulting in higher levels of S at the interface. Pt usually suppresses S segregation, but this effect can be easily overwhelmed by S-Cr cosegregation. Synergisms between alloying elements and how they affect segregation, as well as the relationship between segregation and the oxidation process, are areas that demand further investigation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pyhou@ibl.gov NR 104 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 39 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1738-6 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2008 VL 38 BP 275 EP 298 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.38.060407.130323 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 336AS UT WOS:000258337300012 ER PT S AU Davies, PK Wu, H Borisevich, AY Molodetsky, IE Farber, L AF Davies, P. K. Wu, H. Borisevich, A. Y. Molodetsky, I. E. Farber, L. TI Crystal chemistry of complex perovskites: New cation-ordered dielectric oxides SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cation ordering; microwave ceramics; niobates; tantalates; titanates ID BA(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3 MICROWAVE DIELECTRICS; MIXED METAL OXIDES; B-SITE ORDER; CUBIC PEROVSKITES; DIFFRACTION DETERMINATION; POWDER NEUTRON; A-SITE; SYSTEM; PHASES; NONSTOICHIOMETRY AB The crystal chemistry of complex perovskite dielectric oxides is reviewed, with an emphasis on structures derived from ordering of the cations on the octahedral B-sites. New classes of perovskites, designed to exhibit 1:2 or 1:3 B-site order for application as low-dielectric-loss microwave ceramics, are identified, and their synthesis, structure, and properties ire described. Through the use of B-site chemistries based on Li, Nb, Ta, Ti, and W, members of four new families with 1:2 order, A(beta(I)(1/3)beta(II)(2/3))O-3, and three new families with 1:3 order, A(beta(I)(1/4)beta(II)(3/4))O-3, were successfully prepared. The formation and stability of the new and previously prepared ordered perovskites are rationalized through the use of familiar crystal chemical tools Such as cation size and charge difference, bond valence, tolerance factor, and new concepts related to the local charge imbalance on the A- and B-sublattices. These tools can be successfully applied to develop stability field maps for each structure and to predict other new ordered systems. C1 [Davies, P. K.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wu, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Borisevich, A. Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Molodetsky, I. E.] Schlumberger, Princeton Jct, NJ 08550 USA. [Farber, L.] Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Davies, PK (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM davies@seas.upenn.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460 NR 96 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 8 U2 94 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1738-6 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2008 VL 38 BP 369 EP 401 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.052506.084356 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 336AS UT WOS:000258337300016 ER PT J AU Petford-Long, AK Chiaramonti, AN AF Petford-Long, Amanda K. Chiaramonti, Ann N. TI Transmission electron microscopy of multilayer thin films SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE interfaces; microstructure; confinement effects; layered structures; characterization ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; OXIDE SUPERLATTICES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DATA-STORAGE; TEM; MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTERFACES AB The unique geometry of multilayer thin films, with layer thicknesses on the nanoscale, gives rise to a wide range of novel properties and behavior that are not observed in the bulk. The novel behavior is critically dependent oil the microstructure of the filius. This paper reviews the use of a range of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to elucidate the structure, chemistry, and properties of multilayer thin films. The paper includes a brief introduction to the technological applications to which multilayer thin films are suited, followed by a description of the various TEM techniques. The final section of the paper presents the application of these techniques to various multilayer thin film systems. C1 [Petford-Long, Amanda K.; Chiaramonti, Ann N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petford-Long, AK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM petford.long@anl.gov; chiaramonti@anl.gov RI Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013; Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014 OI Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267; Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090 NR 130 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 28 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2008 VL 38 BP 559 EP 584 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.38.060407.130326 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 336AS UT WOS:000258337300023 ER PT S AU Fries, R Greco, V Sorensen, P AF Fries, Rainer Greco, Vincenzo Sorensen, Paul TI Coalescence Models for Hadron Formation from Quark-Gluon Plasma SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE quark-gluon plasma; recombination; coalescence; hadronization; elliptic flow; heavy ion collisions ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; AU+AU COLLISIONS; ANTIQUARK RECOMBINATION; ROOT(S)(NN)=200 GEV; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; STRANGE PARTICLES; LATTICE QCD AB We review hadron formation from a deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) via coalescence or recombination of quarks and gluons. We discuss the abundant experimental evidence for coalescence from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and compare the various coalescence models advocated ill the literature. We comment oil the underlying assumptions and remaining challenges as well as the merits of the models. We conclude with a discussion of sonic recent developments in the field. C1 [Fries, Rainer] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fries, Rainer] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fries, Rainer] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Greco, Vincenzo] Univ Catania, Dept Phys & Astron, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Greco, Vincenzo] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Sorensen, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fries, R (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rjfries@comp.tamu.edu; greco@lns.infn.it; prsorensen@bnl.gov RI Greco, Vincenzo/E-1767-2016; OI Greco, Vincenzo/0000-0002-4088-0810; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391 FU RIKEN/BNL; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Texas A&M College of Science; Battelle Memorial Institute; Stony Brook University FX We would like to thank the numerous colleagues who have worked with Lis oil the topic of quark recombination during recent years. We also thank the editors of the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science for the pleasant collaboration. R.J.F. is supported by RIKEN/BNL, U.S. Department of Energy grant number DE-AC02-98CH10886, and the Texas A&M College of Science. P.R.S. would like to thank the Battelle Memorial Institute and Stony Brook University for support in the form of the Gertrude and Maurice Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship. NR 102 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 10 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1558-0 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2008 VL 58 BP 177 EP 205 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.110707.171134 PG 29 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 373IF UT WOS:000260964600008 ER PT S AU Hooper, D Baltz, EA AF Hooper, Dan Baltz, Edward A. TI Strategies for Determining the Nature of Dark Matter SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE dark matter; supersymmetry; weakly interacting massive particles; gamma rays; neutrinos; cosmic rays ID LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; GALACTIC-CENTER; GAMMA-RAYS; MINIMAL SUPERGRAVITY; NUCLEAR RECOIL; PARTICLE; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; DETECTOR; SIGNALS AB In this review, we discuss the role of the various experimental programs taking part in the effort to identify the particle nature of (lark matter. In particular, we focus on electroweak-scale dark matter particles and discuss a wide range of search strategies that are being developed and utilized to detect them. These efforts include direct detection experiments, which attempt to observe the elastic scattering of dark matter particles with nuclei; indirect detection experiments, which search for photons, antimatter, and neutrinos produced as a result of dark matter annihilations; and collider searches for new teraelectronvolt-scale physics. Each of these techniques could potentially provide a unique and complementary set of information related to the mass, interactions, and distribution of dark matter. Ideally, these many different tools will be used together to conclusively identify the particle or particles that constitute the dark matter of the universe. C1 [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Baltz, Edward A.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dhooper@fnal.gov; eabaltz@slac.stanford.edu FU United States Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAG5-10842] FX D.H. is supported by the United States Department of Energy and grant number NAG5-10842 from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under contract number DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 132 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1558-0 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2008 VL 58 BP 293 EP 314 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.110707.171217 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 373IF UT WOS:000260964600011 ER PT J AU Marciano, WJ Mori, T Roney, JM AF Marciano, William J. Mori, Toshinori Roney, J. Michael TI Charged Lepton Flavor Violation Experiments SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE electron; muon; tau ID WEAK-INTERACTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; GAUGE THEORIES; E-GAMMA; SEARCH; DECAYS; MUON; NUMBER; DETECTOR; CONVERSION AB We provide a review of the status of experimental searches for lepton flavor violation involving electrons, unions, and tau leptons. Future experimental programs are discussed and placed in the context of theories beyond the standard model. C1 [Marciano, William J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mori, Toshinori] Univ Tokyo, Int Ctr Elementary Particle Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Roney, J. Michael] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM marciano@bnl.gov; mori@icepps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; mroney@uvic.ca FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH00016]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada FX The work of W.J.M. was supported by U.S. Department of Energy grant number DE-AC02-76CH00016. The work of T.M. was supported by a Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research oil Priority Areas 441. J.M.R. acknowledges support by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada. NR 92 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2008 VL 58 BP 315 EP 341 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.110707.171126 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 373IF UT WOS:000260964600012 ER PT J AU Thiel, PA AF Thiel, Patricia A. TI Quasicrystal surfaces SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE intermetallic; epitaxy; catalysis; friction; oxidation ID AL-PD-MN; DENSITY-OF-STATES; ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; THIN METAL-FILMS; CU-FE; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; INITIAL INTERACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; OXIDATION; OXYGEN AB Studies of ordered, yet nonperiodic, metallic alloys known as quasicrystals have generated exciting questions and fundamental insights about the relationship between surface atomic structure and surface properties. In this review, I give examples from oxidation, friction, heterogeneous catalysis, and solid film growth, in which the Al-rich quasicrystals exhibit unusual properties, relative to crystalline materials of similar composition. C1 [Thiel, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Thiel, PA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pthiel@iastate.edu NR 122 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 36 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2008 VL 59 BP 129 EP 152 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093736 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 298YR UT WOS:000255723500006 PM 17988201 ER PT S AU Schlossman, ML Tikhonov, AM AF Schlossman, Mark L. Tikhonov, Aleksey M. TI Molecular ordering and phase behavior of surfactants at water-oil interfaces as probed by X-ray surface scattering SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE liquid-liquid; monolayers; multilayers; inhomogeneous phases; X-ray reflectivity ID LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACES; 2 POLAR LIQUIDS; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; ADSORBED FILM; HEXANE/WATER INTERFACE; PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ADSORPTION AB Surfactants have their primary utility, both scientific and industrial, at the liquid-liquid interface. We review recent X-ray surface scattering experiments that probe the molecular ordering and phase behavior of surfactants at the water-oil interface. The presence of the oil modifies the interfacial ordering in a manner that cannot be understood simply from analogies with studies of Langmuir monolayers of surfactants at the water-vapor interface or from the traditional view that the solvent is fully mixed with the interfacial surfactants. These studies explored the role of chain flexibility and head group interactions on the ordering of long-chain alkanols and alkanoic acids. Small changes in the surfactant may produce large changes in the interfacial ordering. The interfacial monolayer can be spatially homogeneous or inhomogeneous. Investigators have observed interfacial phase transitions as a function of temperature between homogenous phases, as well as between homogeneous and inhomogeneous phases. Finally, varying the solvent chain length can alter the fundamental character of the phase transitions and lead to the formation of multilayer interfacial structures. C1 [Schlossman, Mark L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Schlossman, Mark L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Tikhonov, Aleksey M.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tikhonov, Aleksey M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schlossman, ML (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM schloss@uic.edu RI Tikhonov, Aleksey/N-1111-2016 NR 93 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 37 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1059-2 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2008 VL 59 BP 153 EP 177 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093822 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 298YR UT WOS:000255723500007 PM 17988204 ER PT J AU Huang, P Carter, EA AF Huang, Patrick Carter, Emily A. TI Advances in correlated electronic structure methods for solids, surfaces, and nanostructures SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE density functional theory; excited states; electron correlation; embedded cluster models ID QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; SELF-CONSISTENT CALCULATIONS; QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; ELASTIC POLARIZABLE ENVIRONMENT; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; EXTENDED SYSTEMS; EXCITED-STATES; GW APPROXIMATION AB Calculations of the electronic structure of solids began decades ago, but only recently have solid-state quantum techniques become sufficiently reliable that their application is nearly as routine as quantum chemistry is for molecules. We aim to introduce chemists to the pros and cons of first-principles methods that can provide atomic-scale insight into the properties and chemistry of bulk materials, interfaces, and nanostructures. The techniques we review include the ubiquitous density functional theory (DFT), which is often sufficient, especially for metals; extensions such as DFT + U and hybrid DFT, which incorporate exact exchange to rid DFT of its spurious self-interactions (critical for some semiconductors and strongly correlated materials); many-body Green's function (GW and Bethe-Salpeter) methods for excited states; quantum Monte Carlo, in principle an exact theory but for which forces (hence structure optimization and dynamics) are problematic; and embedding theories that locally refine the quantum treatment to improve accuracy. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Huang, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM eac@princeton.edu RI Carter, Emily/P-4075-2014; OI Huang, Patrick/0000-0003-4833-8134 NR 166 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 8 U2 75 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2008 VL 59 BP 261 EP 290 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093528 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 298YR UT WOS:000255723500011 PM 18031211 ER PT S AU Miao, JW Ishikawa, T Shen, Q Earnest, T AF Miao, Jianwei Ishikawa, Tetsuya Shen, Qun Earnest, Thomas TI Extending X-ray crystallography to allow the imaging of noncrystalline materials, cells, and single protein complexes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE X-ray diffraction microscopy; oversampling method; lensless imaging; phase retrieval; noncrystalline specimen; single-molecule imaging; X-ray free electron lasers ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; PHASE RETRIEVAL; RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOGRAPHY; ARCHITECTURE; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; EMISSION AB In 1999, researchers extended X-ray crystallography to allow the imaging of noncrystalline specimens by measuring the X-ray diffraction pattern of a noncrystalline specimen and then directly phasing it using the oversampling method with iterative algorithms. Since then, the field has evolved moving in three important directions. The first is the 3D structural determination of noncrystalline materials, which includes the localization of the defects and strain field inside nanocrystals, and quantitative 3D imaging of disordered materials such as nanoparticles and biomaterials. The second is the 3D imaging of frozen-hydrated whole cells at a resolution of 10 nm or better. A main thrust is to localize specific multiprotein complexes inside cells. The third is the potential of imaging single large protein complexes using extremely intense and ultrashort X-ray pulses. In this article, we review the principles of this methodology, summarize recent developments in each of the three directions, and illustrate a few examples. C1 [Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ishikawa, Tetsuya] RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Shen, Qun] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Earnest, Thomas] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miao, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM miao@physics.ucla.edu RI Ishikawa, Tetsuya/I-4775-2012 OI Ishikawa, Tetsuya/0000-0002-6906-9909 NR 99 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 23 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1059-2 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2008 VL 59 BP 387 EP 410 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093642 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 298YR UT WOS:000255723500016 PM 18031219 ER PT J AU Westneat, MW Socha, JJ Lee, WK AF Westneat, Mark W. Socha, John J. Lee, Wah-Keat TI Advances in biological structure, function, and physiology using synchrotron x-ray imaging SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Physiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE imaging; CT; biomechanics; morphology; respiration; feeding; insects ID PHASE-CONTRAST MICROTOMOGRAPHY; DISCONTINUOUS GAS-EXCHANGE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SCHISTOCERCA-AMERICANA; IN-VIVO; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; FEEDING MECHANISMS; FLIGHT-MUSCLE; RADIATION AB Studies of the physiology and biomechanics of small (similar to 1 cm) organisms are often limited by the inability to see inside the animal during a behavior or process of interest and by a lack of three-dimensional morphology at the submillimeter scale. These constraints can be overcome by an imaging probe that has sensitivity to soft tissue, the ability to penetrate opaque surfaces, and high spatial and temporal resolution. Synchrotron X-ray imaging has been successfully used to visualize millimeter-centimeter-sized organisms with micrometer-range spatial resolutions in fixed and living specimens. Synchrotron imaging of small organisms has been the key to recent novel insights into structure and function, particularly in the area of respiratory physiology and function of insects. X-ray imaging has been effectively used to examine the morphology of tracheal systems, the mechanisms of tracheal and air sac compression in insects, and the function of both chewing and sucking mouthparts in insects. Synchrotron X-ray imaging provides an exciting new window into the internal workings of small animals, with future promise to contribute to a range of physiological and biomechanical questions in comparative biology. C1 [Westneat, Mark W.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Socha, John J.; Lee, Wah-Keat] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westneat, MW (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM mwestneat@fieldmuseum.org; jjsocha@aps.anl.gov; wklee@aps.anl.gov NR 104 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 38 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4278 EI 1545-1585 J9 ANNU REV PHYSIOL JI Annu. Rev. Physiol. PY 2008 VL 70 BP 119 EP 142 DI 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100434 PG 24 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 281IF UT WOS:000254489400006 PM 18271748 ER PT J AU Shudo, E Ribeiro, RM Talal, AH Perelson, AS AF Shudo, Emi Ribeiro, Ruy M. Talal, Andrew H. Perelson, Aign S. TI A hepatitis C viral kinetic model that allows for time-varying drug effectiveness SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID PEGYLATED INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B; RIBAVIRIN; DYNAMICS; THERAPY; GENOTYPE-1; RNA; HCV AB Background: The standard model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics under high-dose daily interferon (IFN) therapy assumed that the drug effectiveness remains constant. However, for treatment with pegylated (PEG)IFN-(alpha 2b dosed weekly, drug levels fall substantially and viral load rebounds have been observed toward the end of the weekly dosing interval, implying non-constant drug efficacy. Methods: In this paper, we developed the decreasing effectiveness (DE) model, a new mathematical model that allows the drug effectiveness to change with time. Results: The DE model can describe viral load rebounds as well as other viral kinetic patterns observed in clinical practice, such as biphasic viral declines. We applied the DIE model to the HCV RNA kinetic data under PEG-IFN-alpha 2b therapy. The average drug effectiveness during the first week of therapy estimated in the DE model agreed with the one estimated from HCV RNA kinetic data plus pharmacokinetic data. Conclusions: We illustrated the usefulness of the DE model by analysing HCV RNA data from patients who received PEG-IFN-alpha 2b once weekly plus daily ribavirin. C1 [Shudo, Emi; Ribeiro, Ruy M.; Perelson, Aign S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Talal, Andrew H.] Weilh Cornell Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, New York, NY USA. [Talal, Andrew H.] Weilh Cornell Med Coll, Ctr Study Hepatitis C, New York, NY USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov FU NIH [RR06555, AI28433, AI065256, P20-RR18754]; Greenberg Medical Research Foundation [UL1RR024996]; Weill Medical College Clinical and Translational Science Centre; Speaker's Fund for Public Health Research; Clinton Global Initiative (AHT) FX This work was done under the auspices of the US Department of Energy and supported by NIH grants (RR06555, AI28433, AI065256 [ASP] and P20-RR18754 [RMR]), and the Greenberg Medical Research Foundation UL1RR024996, the Weill Medical College Clinical and Translational Science Centre, the Speaker's Fund for Public Health Research awarded by the City of New York and by funds received through a commitment made at the Clinton Global Initiative (AHT). We also thank Schering-Plough for performing the HCV RNA and PEG-IFN measurements. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 7 BP 919 EP 926 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 374JN UT WOS:000261039700008 PM 19043926 ER PT J AU Tsibris, AMN Arnaout, R Korber, B Russ, C Lo, CC Gaschen, B Leitner, T Paredes, R Su, Z Hughes, MD Gulick, RM Greaves, W Coakley, E Flexner, C Nausbaum, C Birren, B Kuritzkes, DR AF Tsibris, A. M. N. Arnaout, R. Korber, B. Russ, C. Lo, C-C Gaschen, B. Leitner, T. Paredes, R. Su, Z. Hughes, M. D. Gulick, R. M. Greaves, W. Coakley, E. Flexner, C. Nausbaum, C. Birren, B. Kuritzkes, D. R. TI Dynamic HIV-1 escape from vicriviroc therapy in vivo SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 10-14, 2008 CL Sitges, SPAIN C1 [Tsibris, A. M. N.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Tsibris, A. M. N.; Paredes, R.; Kuritzkes, D. R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Arnaout, R.; Paredes, R.; Kuritzkes, D. R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Arnaout, R.] Harvard Univ, Program Evolutionary Dynam, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Korber, B.; Lo, C-C; Gaschen, B.; Leitner, T.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Korber, B.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Russ, C.; Nausbaum, C.; Birren, B.] Broad Inst MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. [Russ, C.; Nausbaum, C.; Birren, B.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Paredes, R.] Fdn irsiCaixa Lluita Contra SIDA, Badalona, Spain. [Su, Z.; Hughes, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gulick, R. M.] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Greaves, W.] Schering Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ USA. [Coakley, E.] Monogram Biosci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Flexner, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4 BP A97 EP A97 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 323EY UT WOS:000257428100105 ER PT S AU Ozdemir, E Ozdemir, S Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B AF Ozdemir, E. Ozdemir, S. Tolbert, L. M. Ozpineci, B. GP IEEE TI Fundamental frequency modulated multilevel inverter for three-phase stand-alone photovoltaic application SO APEC 2008: TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-4 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2008) CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID HARMONIC ELIMINATION; CONVERTERS; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a fundamental frequency modulated multilevel inverter scheme for use with a three-phase stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The system consists of four series connected PV arrays, a five-level diode-clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) generating fundamental modulation staircase three-phase output voltages, and a three-phase induction motor as the load. In order to validate the proposed concept, simulation studies and experimental measurements, done using a small-scale laboratory prototype, are also presented. The results show the feasibility of the fundamental switching application in three-phase stand-alone PV power systems. C1 [Ozdemir, E.; Ozdemir, S.] Kocaeli Univ, Fac Tech Educ, Dept Elect Educ, TR-41380 Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Tolbert, L. M.] Univ Tennessee, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, L. M.; Ozpineci, B.] Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ozdemir, E (reprint author), Kocaeli Univ, Fac Tech Educ, Dept Elect Educ, TR-41380 Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey. OI Ozdemir, Engin/0000-0003-0882-332X; Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU TUBITAK postdoctoral research fund [R-2219] FX In this study, Dr. Engin Ozdemir was supported by TUBITAK postdoctoral research fund R-2219 for his studies in The University of Tennessee in USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-1873-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2008 BP 148 EP + DI 10.1109/APEC.2008.4522714 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIF18 UT WOS:000259074300023 ER PT S AU Feng, G Deny, B Wang, J Shang, HR Xu, SF AF Feng, Guang Deny, Boris Wang, Ju Shang, Hairong Xu, Shifu GP IEEE TI A linear MOSFET regulation system to improve the performance of the booster-ramping power supplies at the APS SO APEC 2008: TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-4 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2008) CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB The APS booster ring uses ramping power supplies to power the sextupole, quadrupole, and dipole magnets as the beam energy ramps up linearly to 7 GeV. Due to the circuit topology used, those supplies are unable to follow the linear ramp to the desired accuracy. The best regulation achieved is 0.5% while 0.1% is desired. In addition to the unsatisfying regulation, those supplies are sensitive to AC line perturbations and are not able to reject AC line noises higher than a few tens of Hertz. To improve the performance, a linear MOSFET regulation system using paralleled MOSFET devices in series with the power supply is proposed. The system uses a real-time current feedback loop to force the MOSFETs to work in the linear operation mode. By using this linear MOSFET regulator, the voltage drop on MOSFETs, and hence the voltage imposed on magnets, can be regulated very quickly. As a result, the regulation of the magnet current can be improved significantly. Experiments and simulation have been performed to verify the proposed method. Results show that, with the linear regulator, the current regulation can be improved to better than 0.1%. Because of the high bandwidth of the linear regulator, it can reduce the harmonic content in the output current as well as reject the AC line disturbance. C1 [Feng, Guang; Deny, Boris; Wang, Ju; Shang, Hairong; Xu, Shifu] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-1873-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2008 BP 1965 EP 1970 DI 10.1109/APEC.2008.4522997 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIF18 UT WOS:000259074301148 ER PT S AU O'Gorman, T Stephens, D Conway, B Bohn, T AF O'Gorman, Tony Stephens, Dennis Conway, Brian Bohn, Ted GP IEEE TI A rotor and stator method to increase the power available from an automotive alternator at idle speed SO APEC 2008: TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-4 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2008) CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE DE AC generator; alternator; buck/boost circuit; synchronous rectifier; idle speed power AB Typically, the alternator in a vehicle is not able to provide the current required by the automotive loads when the vehicle is at idle. One of the reasons for this situation is that the field voltage cannot exceed battery voltage and another reason is that the relatively large synchronous inductance limits the current drawn from the stator. In this paper, the former will be addressed using a novel buck / boost circuit configuration which uses only one transistor. The stator synchronous inductance will be compensated by changing the phase of the load, using a 6-FET synchronous rectifier. This synchronous rectifier is controlled without the use of a position sensor and without knowledge of alternator parameters such as resistance, inductance. C1 [O'Gorman, Tony; Stephens, Dennis; Conway, Brian] Continental Automot, 21440 W Lake Cook Rd, Deer Pk, IL 60010 USA. [Bohn, Ted] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP O'Gorman, T (reprint author), Continental Automot, 21440 W Lake Cook Rd, Deer Pk, IL 60010 USA. EM Tony.OGorman@us.contiautomotive.com; Dennis.Stephens@us.contiautomotive.com; Brian.Conway@us.contiautomotive.com; tbohn@anl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-1873-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2008 BP 1991 EP + DI 10.1109/APEC.2008.4523001 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIF18 UT WOS:000259074301152 ER PT B AU Forman, MA AF Forman, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Reduced-Volume Horn Antennas with Integrated High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces SO APMC: 2008 ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE (APMC 2008), VOLS 1-5 SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asis Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC 2008) CY DEC 16-20, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Forman, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Michael.Forman@Sandia.GOV NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2641-6 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2008 BP 1277 EP 1280 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNL93 UT WOS:000274900900303 ER PT S AU Loveland, RC Rosten, E AF Loveland, Rohan C. Rosten, Edward BE Tescher, AG TI Acquisition and registration of aerial video imagery of urban traffic SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXI CY AUG 11-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE tracking; video; traffic; urban; transportation ID CALIBRATION AB The amount of information available about urban traffic from aerial video imagery is extremely-high. Here we discuss the collection of such video imagery from a, helicopter platform with a low-cost, sensor, and the post-processing used to correct radial distortion in the data and register it. The radial distortion correction is accomplished using a Harris model. Them registration is implemented in a. two-step process, using a globally applied polyprojective correction model followed by a fine scale local displacement field adjustment. The resulting cleaned-up data is sufficiently well-registered to allow subsequent, straight-forward vehicle tracking. C1 [Loveland, Rohan C.; Rosten, Edward] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Loveland, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7293-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7073 AR 70731N DI 10.1117/12.796785 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJA96 UT WOS:000264280600047 ER PT J AU Bretschger, O Obraztsova, A Sturm, CA Chang, IS Gorby, YA Reed, SB Culley, DE Reardon, CL Barua, S Romine, MF Zhou, J Beliaev, AS Bouhenni, R Saffarini, D Mansfeld, F Kim, BH Fredrickson, JK Nealson, KH AF Bretschger, Orianna Obraztsova, Anna Sturm, Carter A. Chang, In Seop Gorby, Yuri A. Reed, Samantha B. Culley, David E. Reardon, Catherine L. Barua, Soumitra Romine, Margaret F. Zhou, Jizhong Beliaev, Alexander S. Bouhenni, Rachida Saffarini, Daad Mansfeld, Florian Kim, Byung-Hong Fredrickson, James K. Nealson, Kenneth H. TI Current production and metal oxide reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 wild type and mutants (vol 73, pg 7003, 2007) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Mork Family Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Gwanju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Obraztsova, Anna; Sturm, Carter A.; Chang, In Seop; Gorby, Yuri A.; Reed, Samantha B.; Culley, David E.; Reardon, Catherine L.; Barua, Soumitra; Romine, Margaret F.; Zhou, Jizhong; Beliaev, Alexander S.; Bouhenni, Rachida; Saffarini, Daad; Mansfeld, Florian; Kim, Byung-Hong; Fredrickson, James K.; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RP Bretschger, O (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Mork Family Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 553 EP 553 DI 10.1128/AEM.02560-07 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 252NL UT WOS:000252453100030 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR Krause, TR AF Mawdsley, Jennifer R. Krause, Theodore R. TI Rare earth-first-row transition metal perovskites as catalysts for the autothermal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels to generate hydrogen SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE autothermal reforming; perovskite; catalyst; sulfur tolerance ID PARTIAL-OXIDATION; SOLID-SOLUTION; IRON GARNETS; METHANE; OXIDES; STEAM; CO2; NI; CH4; PERFORMANCE AB Perovskite oxides (ABO(3)) containing rare earth elements on the A-site and first-row transition metal elements on the B-site were studied as catalysts for autothermal reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels to produce hydrogen for fuel cell systems. Experiments were conducted in a fixed bed microreactor at temperatures of 600-800 degrees C and gas-hourly space velocities (GHSV) ranging from 4600 to 28,000 h(-1) using 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) as a surrogate fuel. We have found that the two binary oxides, LaNiO3 and LaCoO3, produced high yields of H-2, but were not structurally stable. These perovskites decomposed to La2O3 and Ni/NiO or Co/CoO under the reducing conditions present in the reformer. Three other binary oxides, LaCrO3, LaFeO3, and LaMnO3, were structurally stable but significantly less active than LaNiO3 and LaCoO3. The partial substitution of chromium, iron, aluminum, gallium, or manganese on the B-site of LaNiO3 to yield LaBxNi1-xO3 was shown to improve the structural stability without a significant decrease in the H2 yield. The effects of substituting rare earth elements for La and the substitution of alkaline earth elements on the A-site (La(1-y)A(y)B(x)Ni(1-x)O(3)) on catalyst performance and stability were also investigated. Finally, La0.8Sr0.2M0.9Ni0.1O3 catalysts (where M = Cr, Mn, or Fe) were tested with a "benchmark fuel" mixture containing from 0 to 50 ppmw sulfur. These tests showed that using chromium as a stabilizing element in LaNiO3 imparts the most sulfur tolerance. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mawdsley, Jennifer R.; Krause, Theodore R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mawdsley@anl.gov NR 32 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 334 IS 1-2 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.10.018 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254CU UT WOS:000252564800037 ER PT J AU Anderson, CN Naulleau, PP AF Anderson, Christopher N. Naulleau, Patrick P. TI Sensitivity study of two high-throughput resolution metrics for photoresists SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The resolution of chemically amplified resists is becoming an increasing concern, especially for lithography in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime. Large-scale screening is currently under way to identify resist platforms that can support the demanding specifications required for ELTV lithography. Current screening processes would benefit from the development of metrics that can objectively quantify resist resolution in a high-throughput fashion. Here we examine two high-throughput metrics for resist resolution determination. After summarizing their details and justifying their utility, we characterize the sensitivity of both metrics to known uncertainties in exposure tool aberrations and focus control. For an implementation at EUV wavelengths, we report aberration and focus-limited error bars in extracted resolution of approximate to 1.25 nm rms for both metrics, making them attractive candidates for future screening and downselection efforts. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Anderson, Christopher N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Naulleau, Patrick P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anderson, CN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cnanderson@berkeley.edu RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000056 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 256VI UT WOS:000252757600009 PM 18157277 ER PT J AU Higuchi, T Sakamoto, W Itoh, N Shimura, T Hattori, T Yogo, T AF Higuchi, Tohru Sakamoto, Wataru Itoh, Naoyuki Shimura, Tetsuo Hattori, Takeshi Yogo, Toshinobu TI Valence state of Mn-doped BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics probed by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BIFEO3 THIN-FILMS; FERROELECTRIC POLARIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; PHOTOEMISSION; DEPOSITION; TRANSITION AB The valence state of Mn-doped BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics has been probed by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Mn-doped BiFeO3-BaTiO3 has valence states of Fe3+ and Ti4+, although BiFeO3 and Mn-doped BiFeO3 have mixed valence states of Fe2+ and Fe3+. The Mn 2p-XAS peak of Mn-doped BiFeO3-BaTiO3 locates at a lower energy side than that of Mn-doped BiFeO3 that corresponds to the Mn3+ valence state. These findings may indicate that the Fe3+ valence state of Mn-doped BiFeO3-BaTiO3 is stabilized by charge transfer from the Mn 3d state to the Fe 3d state through the Ti 3d state in BaTiO3. (c) 2008 The Japan Society of Applied Physics. C1 [Higuchi, Tohru] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Higuchi, Tohru; Hattori, Takeshi] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Sakamoto, Wataru; Itoh, Naoyuki; Shimura, Tetsuo; Yogo, Toshinobu] Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Higuchi, T (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 7R0222, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Higuchi, Tohru/C-6544-2012 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 59 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD JAN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 AR 011502 DI 10.1143/APEX.1.011502 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 295CL UT WOS:000255452500012 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG O'Hara, MJ Sinkov, SI Egorov, OB AF Levitskaia, Tatiana G. O'Hara, Matthew J. Sinkov, Sergei I. Egorov, Oleg B. TI Direct spectrophotometric analysis of Cr(VI) using a liquid waveguide capillary cell SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE chromate; groundwater; UV-vis spectroscopy; liquid waveguide capillary cell : Hanford ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX LIQUIDS; CORE OPTICAL-FIBER; NATURAL-WATERS; SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION AB Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a notorious ground water contaminant toxic to humans and animals. Assessment of an exposure risk for aquatic receptors necessitates frequent Cr(VI) concentration data from a range of surface and groundwater locations at Cr(VI) contamination sites. In this work, we demonstrate that enhanced ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy using a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) offers an easy-to-use and economical methodology for the determination of chromate anion CrO42- in Hanford natural waters without chemical pretreatment and generation of hazardous waste. Direct determination of CrO42- in actual surface and ground water samples with the complexities of competing ions, dissolved organics, and other potential interfering agents was achieved by measuring the chromate optical absorbance at 372 nm. For a 100 cm path length LWCC, the detection limit for chromate was found to be as low as 0.073 ppb. A quantitative relationship between the intensity of the absorbance signal and water pH allowed for the straightforward calculation of total Cr(VI) content in natural water. The described method is applicable for in-field monitoring of Cr(VI) in environmental water samples at trace levels. C1 [Levitskaia, Tatiana G.; O'Hara, Matthew J.; Sinkov, Sergei I.; Egorov, Oleg B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Levitskaia, TG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Tatiana.levitskaia@pnl.gov RI O'Hara, Matthew/I-4967-2013; OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1366/000370208783412690 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 253JR UT WOS:000252515000015 PM 18230215 ER PT S AU DeWeaver, EH Hunke, EC Holland, MM AF DeWeaver, Eric H. Hunke, Elizabeth C. Holland, Marika M. BE DeWeaver, ET Bitz, CM Tremblay, LB TI Sensitivity of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness to Intermodel Variations in the Surface Energy Budget SO ARCTIC SEA ICE DECLINE: OBSERVATIONS, PROJECTIONS, MECHANISMS, AND IMPLICATIONS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE; OCEAN; MODEL; FLUX AB Sea ice simulations from an ensemble of climate models show large differences in the mean thickness of perennial Arctic sea ice. To understand the large thickness spread, we assess the sensitivity of thickness to the ensemble spread of the surface energy budget. Intermodel thickness and energy flux variations are related through a diagnostic calculation of thickness from surface temperature and energy fluxes. The calculation shows that an ensemble range of 60 W m(-2) in energy fluxes, as simulated by climate models, results in an approximate range of 1-5 m in ice thickness. The ensemble mean value of the melt season energy flux, together with a budget residual term that represents the effects of ocean heat exchange and ice divergence, are the key factors that determine the range in ice thickness owing to the flux spread. The ensemble spread in summertime energy flux is strongly related to the spread in surface albedo, while differences in longwave radiative forcing, due in part to cloud simulation errors, play a smaller role. C1 [DeWeaver, Eric H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Holland, Marika M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hunke, Elizabeth C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP DeWeaver, EH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM deweaver@aos.wisc.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-445-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 180 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1029/180GM07 D2 10.1029/GM180 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKA21 UT WOS:000267579700006 ER PT B AU Engelmann, C Scott, SL Leangsuksun, C He, X AF Engelmann, C. Scott, S. L. Leangsuksun, C. He, X. BE Jakoubi, S Tjoa, S Weippl, ER TI Symmetric active/active replication for dependent services SO ARES 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, SECURITY AND RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY MAR 04-07, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SECURE Business Austria, DEXA, Univ Politech Catalunya, Austrian Comp Soc, European & Info Secur Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc ID COMMUNICATION AB During the last several years, we have established the symmetric active/active replication model for service-level high availability and implemented several proof-of-concept prototypes. One major deficiency of our model is its inability to deal with dependent services, since its original architecture is based on the client-service model. This paper extends our model to dependent services using its already existing mechanisms and features. The presented concept is based on the idea that a service may also be a client of another service, and multiple services may be clients of each other A high-level abstraction is used to illustrate dependencies between clients and services, and to decompose dependencies between services into respective client-service dependencies. This abstraction may be used for providing high availability in distributed computing systems with complex service-oriented architectures. C1 [Engelmann, C.; Scott, S. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Engelmann, C.] Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Leangsuksun, C.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Louisiana, KY USA. [He, X.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM engelmannc@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov; box@latech.edu; hexb@tntech.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Tennessee Tech University; U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS-0617528, CNS-0720617] FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed in part at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The research performed at Tennessee Tech University was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CNS-0617528 and CNS-0720617. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3102-1 PY 2008 BP 260 EP + DI 10.1109/ARES.2008.64 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHV12 UT WOS:000256665200035 ER PT B AU Vallee, G Charoenpornwattana, K Engelmann, C Tikotekar, A Leangsuksun, C Naughton, T Scott, SL AF Vallee, Geoffroy Charoenpornwattana, Kulathep Engelmann, Christian Tikotekar, Anand Leangsuksun, Chokchai Naughton, Thomas Scott, Stephen L. BE Jakoubi, S Tjoa, S Weippl, ER TI A framework for proactive fault tolerance SO ARES 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, SECURITY AND RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY MAR 04-07, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SECURE Business Austria, DEXA, Univ Politech Catalunya, Austrian Comp Soc, European & Info Secur Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc AB Fault tolerance is a major concern to guarantee availability of critical services as well as application execution. Traditional approaches for fault tolerance include check-point/restart or duplication. However it is also possible to anticipate failures and proactively take action before failures occur in order to minimize failure impact on the system and application execution. This document presents a proactive fault tolerance framework. This framework can use different proactive fault tolerance mechanisms, i.e., migration and pause/unpause. The framework also allows the implementation of new proactive fault tolerance policies thanks to a modular architecture. A first proactive fault tolerance policy has been implemented and preliminary experimentations have been done based on system-level virtualization and compared with results obtained by simulation. C1 [Vallee, Geoffroy; Engelmann, Christian; Tikotekar, Anand; Naughton, Thomas; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Charoenpornwattana, Kulathep; Leangsuksun, Chokchai] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Vallee, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM valleegr@ornl.gov; kch020@coes.latech.edu; engelmannc@ornl.gov; tikotekaraa@ornl.gov; box@coes.latech.edu; naughtont@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX ORNLs work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3102-1 PY 2008 BP 659 EP + DI 10.1109/ARES.2008.171 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHV12 UT WOS:000256665200095 ER PT S AU Walker, IS AF Walker, Iain S. GP ASHRAE TI Comparing residential furnace blowers for rating and installed performance SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JAN 20-23, 2008 CL New York, NY SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB The objective of this study was to assess the performance of residential furnace blowers for both heating, cooling and air distribution applications and to compare their performance at DOE/ARI rating conditions (for AFUE and SEER) and at real installed conditions. A testing program was undertaken at two laboratories to compare the performance of furnace blowers over a range of static pressure differences that included standard rating points and measured field test pressures. Three different combinations of blowers and residential furnaces were tested. The laboratory test results for blower power and airflow were combined with DOE2 models of building loads, models of air conditioner performance, standby power, as well as igniter and combustion air blower power to determine potential energy and peak demand impacts. The results show distinct differences between the two types of furnace blower motor technology: Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) and more efficient Brushless Permanent Magnet (BPM). The high static pressure differences in real installations reduce the advantage that BPM driven blowers have at DOE/ARI rating conditions such that for cooling the two motor technologies have essentially the same power consumption although the reduction in airflow for the PSC driven blower results in 10% lower air conditioner efficiency. For heating, the advantage of the BPM blower is approximately halved when changing from standard test conditions to installed conditions, although the BPM blower has the advantage of maintaining airflow that avoids the safety implications of the PSC blower's lower airflow. The BPM blower retains its advantage for multi-speed systems that can operate for significant numbers of hours in low-fire mode. To better reflect blower performance it is recommended that appliance rating test procedures be amended to use realistic system static pressures of between 0.5 and 0.8 in. water (125 and 200 Pa) and that utility rebate programs ensure that rebates are provided for multi-speed systems and/or systems that have afield measured low static pressure difference below 0.5 in. water (125 Pa). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walker, IS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BIA58 UT WOS:000257939700025 ER PT S AU Norton, P Christensen, C AF Norton, Paul Christensen, Craig GP ASHRAE TI Performance results from a cold climate case study for affordable zero energy homes SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JAN 20-23, 2008 CL New York, NY SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB The design of this 1280 square foot, 3-bedroom Denver zero energy home (ZEH) carefully combines envelope efficiency, efficient equipment, appliances and lighting, a photovoltaic (PV) system, and passive and active solar thermal features to exceed the net zero energy goal. In January, 2006 a data acquisition system was installed in the home to monitor its performance over the course of a year. This paper presents full year of energy performance data on the home. From April 2006 through March 2007 the home's 4kW PV system produced 5127 kWh of AC electricity. Only 3585 kWh of electricity and 57 therms of natural gas were used in the home during this period. On a source energy basis, the home produced 24% more energy than it used. The energy used for space heating, water heating, and lighting have been dramatically reduced through superinsulation, passive solar tempering, solar water heating, compact florescent lights and other efficiency measures. The energy used in the home is now dominated by appliance and plug loads determined by occupant choices and behavior. These loads constitute 58% of all the source energy used in the home. Because these loads are generally outside of the control of the home designer and vary considerably with different occupants, sizing a PV system to achieve zero net energy performance is challenging. This case studies demonstrates that it is possible to build efficient affordable zero energy homes in cold climates with standard building techniques and materials, simple mechanical systems, and off-the-shelf equipment. C1 [Norton, Paul; Christensen, Craig] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Norton, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 218 EP 229 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BIA58 UT WOS:000257939700028 ER PT S AU Arasteh, D Goudey, H Kohler, C AF Arasteh, Dariush Goudey, Howdy Kohler, Christian GP ASHRAE TI Highly Insulating Glazing Systems Using Non-Structural Center Glazing Layers SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 23, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Three layer insulating glass units with two low-e coatings and an effective gasfill are known to be highly insulating, with center-of-glass U-factors as low as 0.57 W/m(2) - K (0.10 Btu/h-ft(2)-degrees F). Such units have historically been built with center layers of glass or plastic which extend all the way through the spacer system. This paper shows that triple glazing systems with nonstructural center layers which do not create a hermetic seal at the edge have the potential to be as thermally efficient as standard designs, while potentially removing some of the production and product integration issues that have discouraged the use of triples. C1 [Arasteh, Dariush; Goudey, Howdy; Kohler, Christian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arasteh, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 188 EP 198 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG20 UT WOS:000272256700019 ER PT S AU Zaltash, A Vineyard, E Linkous, R Geoghegan, P Wetherington, R Mahderekal, I AF Zaltash, Abdi Vineyard, Edward Linkous, Randy Geoghegan, Patrick Wetherington, Randall, Jr. Mahderekal, Isaac GP ASHRAE TI Laboratory Evaluation: Performance of a 10 RT Gas Engine-Driven Heat Pump (GHP) SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 23, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Building air-conditioning (cooling) is the single largest use of electricity, driving increases in summer peak electric demand in much of the United States. Increases in peak load on the utility grid lead to high electricity prices, power quality problems, grid system inefficiencies, and even failures. Improved air-conditioning technology thus has the greatest potential impact on the electric grid compared to other technologies that use electricity. Thermally-activated systems, such as natural gas engine-driven heat pumps, can provide overall peak load reduction and electric grid relief for slimmer peak demand. This study describes the performance of a 10 refrigeration ton (RT) natural gas engine-driven heat pump rooftop unit in a controlled environment over a wide range of operating conditions, in both heating and cooling modes. Results showed the gas coefficient of performance (COP) in heating mode exceeded the goal of 1.6 at the 47 degrees F (8.3 degrees C) rating condition. Gas COP in cooling mode also exceeded the goal of 1.2 at the 95 degrees F (35 degrees C) rating condition. Future work will investigate additional applications for gas engine-driven equipment, such as residential space conditioning. C1 [Zaltash, Abdi; Vineyard, Edward] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Cooling Heating & Power CHP Grp, Engn Sci & Technol Div ESTD, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zaltash, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Cooling Heating & Power CHP Grp, Engn Sci & Technol Div ESTD, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 224 EP 231 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG20 UT WOS:000272256700022 ER PT S AU Walker, IS Sherman, MH AF Walker, Iain S. Sherman, Max H. GP ASHRAE TI Energy Impact of Residential Ventilation Standards in California SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 23, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers ID MODEL AB The California Energy Commission is considering upgrading the State energy code, Title 24, to require mechanical ventilation based on the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2004, Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings. These requirements call for mechanical ventilation systems to be installed in virtually all new homes but allow for a wide variety of design solutions. These solutions, however may have different energy costs and non-energy benefits. The authors have used a detailed simulation model to evaluate the energy impacts Of common and proposed mechanical ventilation approaches for a variety of climates. These results separate the energy needed to condition the ventilation air from the fan energy needed to distribute and/or temper the ventilation air. The results show that exhaust systems are generally the most energy efficient method of meeting the proposed requirements, but supply and balanced systems can provide additional non-energy benefits. C1 [Walker, Iain S.; Sherman, Max H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Walker, IS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 482 EP 493 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG20 UT WOS:000272256700048 ER PT S AU Walker, IS Dickerhoff, DJ AF Walker, Iain S. Dickerhoff, Darryl J. GP ASHRAE TI Field and Laboratory Evaluation of a New Ramping Technique for Duct Leakage Testing SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 23, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB The DeltaQ duct leakage test has been developed over the past several years as an alternative to duct pressurization testing. A new ramping technique for obtaining the measured data has been developed in order to increase resolution at low envelope pressures and to make the test quicker and easier to perform. This study performed laboratory and field testing to investigate the bias and precision of the ramping technique and to determine test limits and recommendations for good practice. The laboratory testing compared the DeltaQ testing results to known measured leakage on a specially built tight duct system with known added leaks to evaluate potential biases and showed that the biases for the ramping test are typically less then 1% of system blower flow, with a range of zero to 1.5% of system blower flow Additional pressurization tests were performed in the laboratory and showed that 0.1 in. water (25 Pa) pressurization tests have about 2 to 2.5 times the uncertainty bias for an individual test compared to DeltaQ. Correction factors to account for the pressure offset on the building envelope due to leakage imbalances and the change in duct static pressures due to duct leakage were found to be effective at reducing high leakage airflow over-predictions by reducing average flows by 10 cfm (5 L/s). The field testing used repeated tests in individual houses to examine repeatability and precision uncertainty. The experiences from field testing have shown that ramping is more time efficient and time savings are about 10 to 15 minutes and that the repeatability uncertainty is 1% of the 50 Pa (0.2 in. water) envelope leakage flow. Field tests to determine suitability for confirming zero duct leakage have shown that the same repeatability uncertainty can also be applied to the estimation of zero duct leakage. More houses need to be field tested for repeatability to confirm the finding that envelope leakage dominates over wind induced pressure fluctuations. C1 [Walker, Iain S.; Dickerhoff, Darryl J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Walker, IS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 494 EP 504 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG20 UT WOS:000272256700049 ER PT S AU Walker, IS Sherman, MH AF Walker, Iain S. Sherman, Max H. GP ASHRAE TI Energy Implications of Meeting ASHRAE Standard 62.2 SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 23, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers ID MODEL AB The first and only nation-wide standard for residential ventilation it? the United States is ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2004. This standard is being considered for adoption by various jurisdictions within the U.S. as well as by various voluntary programs. The adoption of 62.2 would require mechanical ventilation systems to be installed in virtually a new homes, but it allows for a wide variety of design solutions. These solutions, however may have different energy costs and non-energy benefits. The authors have used a detailed simulation model to evaluate the energy impacts of common and proposed mechanical ventilation approaches for a variety of climates. These results separate the energy needed to ventilate into the energy needed to condition the ventilation air and the energy needed to distribute and/or temper the ventilation air The results show that exhaust systems are generally the most energy efficient method of meeting the proposed requirements, mostly due to having the least increase in ventilation relative to an unventilated home. C1 [Walker, Iain S.; Sherman, Max H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Walker, IS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 505 EP 516 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG20 UT WOS:000272256700050 ER PT J AU Baker, SE AF Baker, Scott E. BE Varga, J Samson, RA TI Aspergillus genomics and DHN-melanin conidial pigmentation SO ASPERGILLUS IN THE GENOMIC ERA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE DHN-melanin; polyketide synthase; pigment; biosynthesis; genomics; A. fumigatus; A. nidulans; A. oryzae; A. niger ID NIDULANS-WA-GENE; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; LINKAGE GROUPS; BIOSYNTHESIS; FUMIGATUS; NIGER; MUTANTS; ORYZAE; NAPHTHOPYRONE; INTERMEDIATE AB The genome sequencing projects spread across the phylogenetic diversity of the genus Aspergillus have brought an enormous amount of gene sequence data to a research community with a rich history of genetics and biochemistry. Included in this history is a body of research focused on conidial pigments, in particular DHN-melanin. The DHN-melanin biosynthetic pathway has been characterised biochemically and genetically in Aspergilli and other ascomycete fungi, and while there are differences in the polyketide backbone produced in Aspergillus compared to some other fungi, a large part of the pathway to the base subunit of the melanin polymer, 1,8-dihydroxynapthalene, is conserved. The genome sequence resources currently available confirm that the genes described at the genetic and/or biochemical level in a given organism are conserved across numerous Aspergilli. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fungal Biotechnol Team, Chem & Biol Proc Grp, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Baker, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fungal Biotechnol Team, Chem & Biol Proc Grp, Energy & Environm Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-8686-635-9 PY 2008 BP 73 EP 85 D2 10.3920/978-90-8686-635-9 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mycology GA BFP57 UT WOS:000320882800005 ER PT B AU Mount, RP AF Mount, Richard P. BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI Data analysis in high energy physics, weird or wonderful SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit ID ANNIHILATION AB I set the scene by outlining the history of SLAC, evolving from a single-purpose high energy physics laboratory, to a laboratory with major strengths in high energy physics (HEP), astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology, plus photon science. I describe the quantum mechanical origins of the statistical challenges in HEP, and how the science has evolved inevitably to require high-energy collisions, huge detectors and painful quantities of data. I follow the evolution and devolution of data-analysis strategies over several decades, looking closely at how technology evolution has influenced analysis strategies and at the demand for vast increases in the random-access performance of storage. Finally I examine cultural and technical contrast that I have observed between HEP computing, computing for astronomy and computing for photon science. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mount, RP (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100007 ER PT B AU Becla, J Lim, KT Monkewitz, S Nieto-Santisteban, M Thakar, A AF Becla, Jacek Lim, Kian-Tat Monkewitz, Serge Nieto-Santisteban, Maria Thakar, Ani BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI Organizing the LSST database for real-time astronomical processing SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will catalog billions of astronomical objects and trillions of sources, all of which will be stored and managed by a database management system. One of the main challenges is real-time alert generation. To generate alerts, up to 100K new difference detections have to be cross-correlated with the huge historical catalogs, and then further processed to prune false alerts. This paper explains the challenges, the implementation of the LSST Association Pipeline and the database organization strategies we are planning to use to meet the real-time requirements, including data partitioning. parallelization, and pre-loading. C1 [Becla, Jacek; Lim, Kian-Tat] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Becla, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 114 EP 117 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100016 ER PT B AU Neilsen, EH AF Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI Image stacking tools for modern surveys SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB Modern imaging observation programs often collect many exposures for each area of sky observed. Although simple methods for generating a single, high quality exposure from collections of overlapping images are well understood and tools that implement them are commonplace, many modern exposure sets, such as those from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and those expected from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), have complicating properties that these tools do not address optimally. These exposures may have different point spread functions, so direct coaddition or image stacking will not result in an image with either an optimal PSF or noise. They may have significantly different distortion in their mapping of pixel to celestial coordinates. If the generated image is to be used for object detection, exposures through different filters should be combined into a single image, so that objects below the detection threshold in any given filter may still be detected. I present progress on a set of tools designed to combine multiple exposures in a manner optimal for object detection, integrating distortion removal and registration, coaddition, and noise suppression into a single step. I also introduce a method for using cross correlation between exposures to estimate the statistical properties of undetected sources for use in combining images. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Neilsen, EH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS127,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100105 ER PT J AU Frieman, JA Bassett, B Becker, A Choi, C Cinabro, D DeJongh, F Depoy, DL Dilday, B Doi, M Garnavich, PM Hogan, CJ Holtzman, J Im, M Jha, S Kessler, R Konishi, K Lampeitl, H Marriner, J Marshall, JL McGinnis, D Miknaitis, G Nichol, RC Prieto, JL Riess, AG Richmond, MW Romani, R Sako, M Schneider, DP Smith, M Takanashi, N Tokita, K van der Heyden, K Yasuda, N Zheng, C Adelman-McCarthy, J Annis, J Assef, RJ Barentine, J Bender, R Blandford, RD Boroski, WN Bremer, M Brewington, H Collins, CA Crotts, A Dembicky, J Eastman, J Edge, A Edmondson, E Elson, E Eyler, ME Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Frank, S Goobar, A Gueth, T Gunn, JE Harvanek, M Hopp, U Ihara, Y Ivezic, Z Kahn, S Kaplan, J Kent, S Ketzeback, W Kleman, SJ Kollatschny, W Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamenti, D Leloudas, G Lin, H Long, DC Lucey, J Lupton, RH Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V McMillan, RJ Mendez, J Morgan, CW Morokuma, T Nitta, A Ostman, L Pan, K Rockosi, CM Romer, AK Ruiz-Lapuente, P Saurage, G Schlesinger, K Snedden, SA Sollerman, J Stoughton, C Stritzinger, M SubbaRao, M Tucker, D Vaisanen, P Watson, LC Watters, S Wheeler, JC Yanny, B York, D AF Frieman, Joshua A. Bassett, Bruce Becker, Andrew Choi, Changsu Cinabro, David DeJongh, Fritz Depoy, Darren L. Dilday, Ben Doi, Mamoru Garnavich, Peter M. Hogan, Craig J. Holtzman, Jon Im, Myungshin Jha, Saurabh Kessler, Richard Konishi, Kohki Lampeitl, Hubert Marriner, John Marshall, Jennifer L. McGinnis, David Miknaitis, Gajus Nichol, Robert C. Prieto, Jose Luis Riess, Adam G. Richmond, Michael W. Romani, Roger Sako, Masao Schneider, Donald P. Smith, Mathew Takanashi, Naohiro Tokita, Koutchi van der Heyden, Kurt Yasuda, Naoki Zheng, Chen Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer Annis, James Assef, Roberto J. Barentine, John Bender, Ralf Blandford, Roger D. Boroski, William N. Bremer, Malcolm Brewington, Howard Collins, Chris A. Crotts, Arlin Dembicky, Jack Eastman, Jason Edge, Alastair Edmondson, Edmond Elson, Edward Eyler, Michael E. Filippenko, Alexei V. Foley, Ryan J. Frank, Stephan Goobar, Ariel Gueth, Tina Gunn, James E. Harvanek, Michael Hopp, Ulrich Ihara, Yutaka Ivezic, Zelko Kahn, Steven Kaplan, Jared Kent, Stephen Ketzeback, William Kleman, Scott J. Kollatschny, Wolfram Kron, Richard G. Krzesinski, Jurek Lamenti, Dennis Leloudas, Giorgos Lin, Huan Long, Daniel C. Lucey, John Lupton, Robert H. Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor McMillan, Russet J. Mendez, Javier Morgan, Christopher W. Morokuma, Tomoki Nitta, Atsuko Ostman, Linda Pan, Kaike Rockosi, Constance M. Romer, A. Kathy Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar Saurage, Gabrelle Schlesinger, Katie Snedden, Stephanie A. Sollerman, Jesper Stoughton, Chris Stritzinger, Maximilian SubbaRao, Mark Tucker, Douglas Vaisanen, Petri Watson, Linda C. Watters, Shannon Wheeler, J. Craig Yanny, Brian York, Donald TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Technical summary SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; surveys ID SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; IA SUPERNOVAE; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; DARK ENERGY; REDSHIFT; SYSTEM; DISCOVERIES; CONSTRAINTS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) has embarked on a multi-year project to identify and measure light curves for intermediate-redshift (0.05 < z < 0.35) Type la supernovae (SNe Ia) using repeated five-band (ugriz) imaging over an area of 300 sq. deg. The survey region is a stripe 2.5 degrees wide centered on the celestial equator in the Southern Galactic Cap that has been imaged numerous times in earlier years, enabling construction of a deep reference image for the discovery of new objects. Supernova imaging observations are being acquired between September I and November 30 of 2005-7. During the first two seasons, each region was imaged on average every five nights. Spectroscopic follow-up observations to determine supernova type and redshift are carried out on a large number of telescopes. In its first two three-month seasons, the survey has discovered and measured light curves for 327 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia, 30 probable SNe Ia, 14 confirmed SNe Ib/c, 32 confirmed SNe 11, plus a large number of photometrically identified SNe la, 94 of which have host-galaxy spectra taken so far. This paper provides an overview of the project and briefly describes the observations completed during the first two seasons of operation. C1 [Frieman, Joshua A.; DeJongh, Fritz; Marriner, John; McGinnis, David; Miknaitis, Gajus; Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer; Annis, James; Boroski, William N.; Kent, Stephen; Lin, Huan; Stoughton, Chris; Tucker, Douglas; Yanny, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Dilday, Ben; Kessler, Richard] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Kent, Stephen; Kron, Richard G.; SubbaRao, Mark; York, Donald] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bassett, Bruce] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Bassett, Bruce; van der Heyden, Kurt; Elson, Edward; Vaisanen, Petri] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Becker, Andrew; Hogan, Craig J.; Ivezic, Zelko] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Choi, Changsu; Im, Myungshin] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul, South Korea. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Depoy, Darren L.; Marshall, Jennifer L.; Prieto, Jose Luis; Assef, Roberto J.; Eastman, Jason; Frank, Stephan; Morgan, Christopher W.; Schlesinger, Katie; Watson, Linda C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dilday, Ben] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doi, Mamoru; Takanashi, Naohiro; Tokita, Koutchi; Ihara, Yutaka; Morokuma, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Garnavich, Peter M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Holtzman, Jon; Gueth, Tina] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Jha, Saurabh; Romani, Roger; Zheng, Chen; Blandford, Roger D.; Kahn, Steven] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophy & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kessler, Richard; York, Donald] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Konishi, Kohki; Yasuda, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Lampeitl, Hubert; Riess, Adam G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.; Smith, Mathew; Edmondson, Edmond] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. [Riess, Adam G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Richmond, Michael W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barentine, John; Wheeler, J. Craig] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Dembicky, Jack; Eyler, Michael E.; Ketzeback, William; Kleman, Scott J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; McMillan, Russet J.; Nitta, Atsuko; Pan, Kaike; Saurage, Gabrelle; Snedden, Stephanie A.; Watters, Shannon] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Bender, Ralf; Hopp, Ulrich] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Bender, Ralf; Hopp, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrial Phys, D-85748 Munich, Germany. [Bremer, Malcolm] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Collins, Chris A.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Crotts, Arlin] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Edge, Alastair; Lucey, John] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Eyler, Michael E.; Morgan, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Filippenko, Alexei V.; Foley, Ryan J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goobar, Ariel; Ostman, Linda] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gunn, James E.; Lupton, Robert H.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Harvanek, Michael] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kaplan, Jared] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kleman, Scott J.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kollatschny, Wolfram] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Krzesinski, Jurek] Akad Pedagogicazna Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Lamenti, Dennis] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Leloudas, Giorgos; Sollerman, Jesper; Stritzinger, Maximilian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Mendez, Javier; Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Morokuma, Tomoki] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Nitta, Atsuko] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Romer, A. Kathy] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. [Sollerman, Jesper] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Frieman, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Im, Myungshin/B-3436-2013; OI Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714; Eastman, Jason/0000-0003-3773-5142; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Leloudas, Giorgos/0000-0002-8597-0756 NR 59 TC 234 Z9 235 U1 2 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 338 EP 347 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/338 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600029 ER PT J AU Sako, M Bassett, B Becker, A Cinabro, D DeJongh, F Depoy, DL Dilday, B Doi, M Frieman, JA Garnavich, PM Hogan, CJ Holtzman, J Jha, S Kessler, R Konishi, K Lampeitl, H Marriner, J Miknaitis, G Nichol, RC Prieto, JL Riess, AG Richmond, MW Romani, R Schneider, DP Smith, M SubbaRao, M Takanashi, N Tokita, K van der Heyden, K Yasuda, N Zheng, C Barentine, J Brewington, H Choi, C Dembicky, J Harnavek, M Ihara, Y Im, M Ketzeback, W Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, DC Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V McMillan, RJ Morokuma, T Nitta, A Pan, K Saurage, G Snedden, SA AF Sako, Masao Bassett, Bruce Becker, Andrew Cinabro, David DeJongh, Fritz Depoy, D. L. Dilday, Ben Doi, Mamoru Frieman, Joshua A. Garnavich, Peter M. Hogan, Craig J. Holtzman, Jon Jha, Saurabh Kessler, Richard Konishi, Kohki Lampeitl, Hubert Marriner, John Miknaitis, Gajus Nichol, Robert C. Prieto, Jose Luis Riess, Adam G. Richmond, Michael W. Romani, Roger Schneider, Donald P. Smith, Mathew SubbaRao, Mark Takanashi, Naohiro Tokita, Kouichi van der Heyden, Kurt Yasuda, Naoki Zheng, Chen Barentine, John Brewington, Howard Choi, Changsu Dembicky, Jack Harnavek, Michael Ihara, Yutaka Im, Myungshin Ketzeback, William Kleinman, Scott J. Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Daniel C. Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor McMillan, Russet J. Morokuma, Tomoki Nitta, Atsuko Pan, Kaike Saurage, Gabrelle Snedden, Stephanie A. TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Search algorithm and follow-up observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; methods : data analysis; techniques : image processing; supernovae : general; surveys ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; SDSS IMAGING PIPELINES; IA SUPERNOVAE; K-CORRECTIONS; DATA RELEASE; DARK ENERGY; REDSHIFT; PHOTOMETRY; IDENTIFICATION AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey has identified a large number of new transient sources in a 300 deg(2) region along the celestial equator during its first two seasons of a three-season campaign. Multi-band (ugriz) light curves were measured for most of the sources, which include solar system objects, galactic variable stars, active galactic nuclei, supernovae (SNe), and other astronomical transients. The imaging survey is augmented by an extensive spectroscopic follow-up program to identify SNe, measure their redshifts, and study the physical conditions of the explosions and their environment through spectroscopic diagnostics. During the survey, light curves are rapidly evaluated to provide an initial photometric type of the SNe, and a selected sample of sources are targeted for spectroscopic observations. In the first two seasons, 476 sources were selected for spectroscopic observations, of which 403 were identified as SNe. For the type la SNe, the main driver for the survey, our photometric typing and targeting efficiency is 90%. Only 6% of the photometric SN la candidates were spectroscopically classified as non-SN la instead, and the remaining 4% resulted in low signal-to-noise, unclassified spectra. This paper describes the search algorithm and the software, and the real-time processing of the SDSS imaging data. We also present the details of the supernova candidate selection procedures and strategies for follow-up spectroscopic and imaging observations of the discovered sources. C1 [Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sako, Masao; Jha, Saurabh; Romani, Roger; Zheng, Chen] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Bassett, Bruce] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Bassett, Bruce; van der Heyden, Kurt] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Becker, Andrew] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [DeJongh, Fritz; Frieman, Joshua A.; Marriner, John; Miknaitis, Gajus] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Depoy, D. L.; Prieto, Jose Luis] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dilday, Ben; Frieman, Joshua A.; Kessler, Richard] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dilday, Ben] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doi, Mamoru; Takanashi, Naohiro; Tokita, Kouichi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Frieman, Joshua A.; SubbaRao, Mark] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Garnavich, Peter M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hogan, Craig J.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holtzman, Jon] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kessler, Richard] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Konishi, Kohki; Yasuda, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Lampeitl, Hubert; Riess, Adam G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.; Smith, Mathew] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. [Riess, Adam G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Richmond, Michael W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Romani, Roger; Zheng, Chen] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barentine, John] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Dembicky, Jack; Harnavek, Michael; Ketzeback, William; Kleinman, Scott J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; McMillan, Russet J.; Nitta, Atsuko; Pan, Kaike; Saurage, Gabrelle; Snedden, Stephanie A.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Choi, Changsu; Im, Myungshin] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul, South Korea. [Ihara, Yutaka; Morokuma, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Kleinman, Scott J.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Krzesinski, Jurek] Akad Pedagogicazna Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Morokuma, Tomoki] Natl Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Nitta, Atsuko] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Sako, M (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Im, Myungshin/B-3436-2013 OI Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714 NR 71 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 348 EP 373 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/348 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600030 ER PT J AU Labiano, A O'Dea, CP Barthel, PD de Vries, WH Baum, SA AF Labiano, A. O'Dea, C. P. Barthel, P. D. de Vries, W. H. Baum, S. A. TI Star formation in the hosts of GHz peaked spectrum and compact steep spectrum radio galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : stellar content; galaxies : interactions; ultraviolet : galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; TELESCOPE SNAPSHOT SURVEY; CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; SYMMETRIC OBJECTS; SOURCE COUNTERPARTS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; SOURCE EVOLUTION; COMPLETE SAMPLE; EMISSION AB Aims. We are searching for star formation regions in the hosts of potentially young radio galaxies (gigahertz peaked spectrum and compact steep spectrum sources). Methods. We used near-UV imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys. Results. We find near-UV light could be the product of recent star formation in five of the nine observed sources, though other explanations are not currently ruled out. An additional two sources show marginal detections. The UV luminosities of the GPS and CSS sources are similar to those of a sample of nearby large-scale radio galaxies. Stellar-population synthesis models are consistent with a burst of recent star formation occurring before the formation of the radio source. However, observations at other wavelengths and colors are needed to definitively establish the nature of the observed UV light. In the CSS source 1443+77, the near-UV light is aligned with and is co-spatial with the radio source. We suggest that the UV light in this source is produced by star formation triggered and/or enhanced by the radio source. C1 [Labiano, A.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Labiano, A.; Barthel, P. D.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [O'Dea, C. P.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [de Vries, W. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [de Vries, W. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Baum, S. A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Labiano, A (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM labiano@damir.iem.csic.es NR 95 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 477 IS 2 BP 491 EP 501 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077112 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244ID UT WOS:000251858700018 ER PT J AU Costa, JES Kepler, SO Winget, DE O'Brien, MS Kawaler, SD Costa, AFM Giovannini, O Kanaan, A Mukadam, AS Mullally, F Nitta, A Provencal, JL Shipman, H Wood, MA Ahrens, TJ Grauer, A Kilic, M Bradley, PA Sekiguchi, K Crowe, R Jiang, XJ Sullivan, D Sullivan, T Rosen, R Clemens, JC Janulis, R O'Donoghue, D Ogloza, W Baran, A Silvotti, R Marinoni, S Vauclair, G Dolez, N Chevreton, M Dreizler, S Schuh, S Deetjen, J Nagel, T Solheim, JE Perez, JMG Ulla, A Barstow, M Burleigh, M Good, S Metcalfe, TS Kim, SL Lee, H Sergeev, A Akan, MC Cakirli, O Paparo, M Viraghalmy, G Ashoka, BN Handler, G Hurkal, O Johannessen, F Kleinman, SJ Kalytis, R Krzesinski, J Klumpe, E Larrison, J Lawrence, T Meistas, E Martinez, P Nather, RE Fu, JN Pakstiene, E Rosen, R Romero-Colmenero, E Riddle, R Seetha, S Silvestri, NM Vuckovic, M Warner, B Zolao, S Althaus, LG Corsico, AH Montgomery, MH AF Costa, J. E. S. Kepler, S. O. Winget, D. E. O'Brien, M. S. Kawaler, S. D. Costa, A. F. M. Giovannini, O. Kanaan, A. Mukadam, A. S. Mullally, F. Nitta, A. Provencal, J. L. Shipman, H. Wood, M. A. Ahrens, T. J. Grauer, A. Kilic, M. Bradley, P. A. Sekiguchi, K. Crowe, R. Jiang, X. J. Sullivan, D. Sullivan, T. Rosen, R. Clemens, J. C. Janulis, R. O'Donoghue, D. Ogloza, W. Baran, A. Silvotti, R. Marinoni, S. Vauclair, G. Dolez, N. Chevreton, M. Dreizler, S. Schuh, S. Deetjen, J. Nagel, T. Solheim, J. -E. Gonzalez Perez, J. M. Ulla, A. Barstow, M. Burleigh, M. Good, S. Metcalfe, T. S. Kim, S. -L. Lee, H. Sergeev, A. Akan, M. C. Cakirli, O. Paparo, M. Viraghalmy, G. Ashoka, B. N. Handler, G. Huerkal, O. Johannessen, F. Kleinman, S. J. Kalytis, R. Krzesinski, J. Klumpe, E. Larrison, J. Lawrence, T. Meistas, E. Martinez, P. Nather, R. E. Fu, J. -N. Pakstiene, E. Rosen, R. Romero-Colmenero, E. Riddle, R. Seetha, S. Silvestri, N. M. Vuckovic, M. Warner, B. Zolao, S. Althaus, L. G. Corsico, A. H. Montgomery, M. H. TI The pulsation modes of the pre-white dwarf PG 1159-035 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Book DE stars : oscillations; stars : individual : PG 1159-035; stars : interiors; stars : white dwarfs ID ZZ-CETI STARS; WHOLE EARTH TELESCOPE; PLANETARY-NEBULA NUCLEI; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; GRAVITY MODES; PG 1159-035; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PERIOD; CONVECTION; ROTATION AB Context. PG 1159-035, a pre-white dwarf with T-eff similar or equal to 140000 K, is the prototype of both two classes: the PG 1159 spectroscopic class and the DOV pulsating class. Previous studies of PG 1159-035 photometric data obtained with the Whole Earth Telescope (WET) showed a rich frequency spectrum allowing the identification of 122 pulsation modes. Analyzing the periods of pulsation, it is possible to measure the stellar mass, the rotational period and the inclination of the rotation axis, to estimate an upper limit for the magnetic field, and even to obtain information about the inner stratification of the star. Aims. We have three principal aims: to increase the number of detected and identified pulsation modes in PG 1159-035, study trapping of the star's pulsation modes, and to improve or constrain the determination of stellar parameters. Methods. We used all available WET photometric data from 1983, 1985, 1989, 1993 and 2002 to identify the pulsation periods. Results. We identified 76 additional pulsation modes, increasing to 198 the number of known pulsation modes in PG 1159-035, the largest number of modes detected in any star besides the Sun. From the period spacing we estimated a mass M/M-circle dot = 0.59 +/- 0.02 for PG 1159-035, with the uncertainty dominated by the models, not the observation. Deviations in the regular period spacing suggest that some of the pulsation modes are trapped, even though the star is a pre-white dwarf and the gravitational settling is ongoing. The position of the transition zone that causes the mode trapping was calculated at r(c)/R-*, = 0.83 +/- 0.05. From the multiplet splitting, we calculated the rotational period P-rot = 1.3920 +/- 0.0008 days and an upper limit for the magnetic field, B < 2000 G. The total power of the pulsation modes at the stellar surface changed less than 30% for l = 1 modes and less than 50% for l = 2 modes. We find no evidence of linear combinations between the 198 pulsation mode frequencies. PG 1159-035 models have not significative convection zones, supporting the hypothesis that nonlinearity arises in the convection zones in cooler pulsating white dwarf stars. C1 [Costa, J. E. S.; Kepler, S. O.; Costa, A. F. M.; Giovannini, O.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Winget, D. E.; Mullally, F.; Nather, R. E.; Montgomery, M. H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Winget, D. E.; Mullally, F.; Nather, R. E.; Montgomery, M. H.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Nitta, A.; Kleinman, S. J.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Kawaler, S. D.; Lawrence, T.; Vuckovic, M.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Giovannini, O.] Univ Caxias, Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil. [Kanaan, A.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fiica, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Apache Pt Observ, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Provencal, J. L.; Shipman, H.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Wood, M. A.; Ahrens, T. J.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Wood, M. A.; Ahrens, T. J.] Florida Inst Technol, SARA Observ, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Grauer, A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Bradley, P. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sekiguchi, K.] Subaru Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 181, Japan. [Crowe, R.] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Jiang, X. J.] Acad Sci, Beijing Astron Observ, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Sullivan, D.; Sullivan, T.; Rosen, R.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. [Clemens, J. C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Janulis, R.; Kalytis, R.; Meistas, E.; Pakstiene, E.] VU Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [O'Donoghue, D.; Martinez, P.; Romero-Colmenero, E.; Warner, B.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Ogloza, W.; Baran, A.; Krzesinski, J.] Cracow Pedagog Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Silvotti, R.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Marinoni, S.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, Bologna, Italy. [Vauclair, G.; Dolez, N.] Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Chevreton, M.] DAEC, Observ Paris Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Dreizler, S.; Schuh, S.; Deetjen, J.; Nagel, T.] Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Dreizler, S.; Schuh, S.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophy Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Solheim, J. -E.; Gonzalez Perez, J. M.; Johannessen, F.; Rosen, R.] Univ Tromso, Inst Fys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Solheim, J. -E.] Univ Oslo, Inst Teoret Astrofys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Gonzalez Perez, J. M.] Inst Astrofis, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Ulla, A.] Univ Vigo, Dept Fis Aplicada, Fac Ciencias Mar, Vigo 36200, Spain. [Barstow, M.; Burleigh, M.; Good, S.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Metcalfe, T. S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, S. -L.; Lee, H.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Akan, M. C.; Cakirli, O.] Ege Univ Observ, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. [Paparo, M.; Viraghalmy, G.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Ashoka, B. N.] Indian Space Res Org, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. [Handler, G.; Seetha, S.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Huerkal, O.] Ege Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Izmir, Turkey. [Klumpe, E.; Larrison, J.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Zolao, S.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Kilic, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mukadam, A. S.; Silvestri, N. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vuckovic, M.] Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Riddle, R.] Thirty Meter Telescope Project, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Althaus, L. G.; Corsico, A. H.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Astron & Geofis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Althaus, L. G.; Corsico, A. H.] UNLP, CONICET, IALP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [O'Brien, M. S.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven 06851, CT USA. [Fu, J. -N.] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Costa, JES (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM costajes@gmail.com; obrien@astro.yale.edu; kanaan@fsc.ufsc.br; nms@astro.washington.edu; kilic@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; kaz@saburu.naoj.org; jiang@astro.as.utexas.edu; chevreton@obspm.fr; j.e.solheim@astro.uio.no; travis@hao.ucar.edu; riddle@tmt.org; Maja.Vuckovic@ster.kuleuven.be; szola@oa.uj.edu.pl; althaus@fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar; acorsico@fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar RI Metcalfe, Travis/A-9388-2008; Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; Ulla Miguel, Ana Maria/M-2860-2014; OI Kawaler, Steven/0000-0002-6536-6367; Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; Silvotti, Roberto/0000-0002-1295-8174; Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 52 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 13 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 477 IS 2 BP 627 EP 640 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053470 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244ID UT WOS:000251858700032 ER PT J AU Bronder, TJ Hook, IM Astier, P Balam, D Balland, C Basa, S Carlberg, RG Conley, A Fouchez, D Guy, J Howell, DA Neill, JD Pain, R Perrett, K Pritchet, CJ Regnault, N Sullivan, M Baumont, S Fabbro, S Filliol, M Perlmutter, S Ripoche, P AF Bronder, T. J. Hook, I. M. Astier, P. Balam, D. Balland, C. Basa, S. Carlberg, R. G. Conley, A. Fouchez, D. Guy, J. Howell, D. A. Neill, J. D. Pain, R. Perrett, K. Pritchet, C. J. Regnault, N. Sullivan, M. Baumont, S. Fabbro, S. Filliol, M. Perlmutter, S. Ripoche, P. TI SNLS spectroscopy: testing for evolution in type Ia supernovae SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; cosmology : observations; surveys ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; CEPHEID CALIBRATION; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; OPTICAL PHOTOMETRY; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; MAXIMUM LIGHT; LEGACY SURVEY; DECLINE RATE AB Aims. We present a quantitative study of a new data set of high redshift Type Ia supernovae spectra, observed at the Gemini telescopes during the first 34 months of the Supernova Legacy Survey. During this time 123 supernovae candidates were observed, of which 87 have been identified as SNe Ia at a median redshift of z = 0.720. Spectra from the entire second year of the survey and part of the third year ( 59 total SNe candidates with 46 confirmed SNe Ia) are published here for the first time. The spectroscopic measurements made on this data set are used determine if these distant SNe comprise a population similar to those observed locally. Methods. Rest- frame equivalent width and ejection velocity measurements are made on four spectroscopic features. Corresponding measurements are presented for a set of 167 spectra from 24 low-z SNe Ia from the literature. Results. We show that there exists a sample at high redshift with properties similar to nearby SNe. The high-z measurements are consistent with the range of measurements at low-z and no significant difference was found between the distributions of measurements at low and high redsift for three of the features. The fourth feature displays a possible difference that should be investigated further. Correlations between Type Ia SNe properties and host galaxy morphology were also found to be similar at low and high z, and within each host galaxy class we see no evidence for redshift-evolution in SN properties. A new correlation between SNe Ia peak magnitude and the equivalent width of SiII absorption is presented. Tests on a sub-set of the SNLS SNe demonstrates that this correlation reduces the scatter in SNe Ia luminosity distances in a manner consistent with the lightcurve shape-luminosity corrections that are used for Type Ia SNe cosmology. Conclusions. We show that this new sample of SNLS SNe Ia has spectroscopic properties similar to nearby objects. C1 [Bronder, T. J.; Hook, I. M.] Univ Oxford Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Astier, P.; Balland, C.; Guy, J.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N.; Baumont, S.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France. [Astier, P.; Balland, C.; Guy, J.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N.; Baumont, S.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, LPNHE, IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France. [Balam, D.; Pritchet, C. J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Basa, S.; Filliol, M.] LAM, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. [Carlberg, R. G.; Conley, A.; Howell, D. A.; Perrett, K.; Sullivan, M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Conley, A.; Fouchez, D.; Ripoche, P.] CNRS Marseille Luminy, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Neill, J. D.] CALTECH, SRL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fabbro, S.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Ctr Multidisciplinary Astrofis, IST, CENTRA, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. [Perlmutter, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Perlmutter, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bronder, TJ (reprint author), AFRL Directed Energy, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM timothy.bronder@kirtland.af.mil RI Carlberg, Raymond/I-6947-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Carlberg, Raymond/0000-0002-7667-0081; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820 NR 96 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 477 IS 3 BP 716 EP U33 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077655 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 248DF UT WOS:000252131000008 ER PT B AU Dell'Acqua, A Gallas, MV Di Simone, A Marshall, Z Rimoldi, A Tsulaia, V Ueda, I Vahsen, S AF Dell'Acqua, A. Gallas, M. V. Di Simone, A. Marshall, Z. Rimoldi, A. Tsulaia, V. Ueda, I. Vahsen, S. BE Barone, M Gaddi, A Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI THE STATUS OF THE ATLAS SIMULATION PROJECT FOR THE LHC STARTUP SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 08-12, 2007 CL Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta, Como, ITALY SP G Castiglioni HO Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta DE ATLAS; Geant4; Simulation; HEP AB The commissioning phase for the ATLAS experiment, being now so imminent the LHC startup, is a challenge for every development performed up to now. Along this line, the simulation program is nowadays operational and running with full functionality within the ATLAS common framework Athena. The latest developments concern an enhanced versatility, to cope with the increasing needs of developers and users, an easiness in use by a big community such as ATLAS reaching now more than 2000 potential users. Emphasis in this talk is towards the new functionality recently added, validation and production strategy as well as improved robustness and maintainability. C1 [Dell'Acqua, A.; Gallas, M. V.; Di Simone, A.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Marshall, Z.] Columbia Univ, Columbia, MD USA. [Rimoldi, A.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Rimoldi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Tsulaia, V.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ueda, I.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Vahsen, S.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Dell'Acqua, A (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. FU ATLAS FX The authors want to thank all ATLAS developers in the detector groups and all organizations that gave financial support for the realization of this project. We are also extremely grateful to colleagues from the Geant4 Collaboration for helping in problem solving and for sharing their experiences with us, in particular J. Apostolakis. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-281-908-6 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2008 VL 4 BP 436 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812819093_0075 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDK77 UT WOS:000313601400075 ER PT B AU Chen, CT Kao, CM Xie, QG Frisch, H Heinz, M Sanders, H Tang, FK Anderson, J Byrum, K Drake, G Heartly, C Le Du, P Royon, C Genat, JF Va'vra, J AF Chen, Chin-Tu Kao, Chien-Min Xie, Quigguo Frisch, Henry Heinz, Mary Sanders, Harold Tang, Fukung Anderson, John Byrum, Karen Drake, Gray Heartly, Camden Le Du, Patrick Royon, Christophe Genat, Jean Francois Va'vra, Jerry BE Barone, M Gaddi, A Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI ULTRA-FAST TIMING AND THE APPLICATION OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS TECHNOLOGIES TO BIOMEDICAL IMAGING SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 08-12, 2007 CL Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta, Como, ITALY SP G Castiglioni HO Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta AB We propose to apply the ultra fast Time Of Flight technique (TOF) developed for High Energy Physics (HEP) particle detectors to biomedical imaging. The similarity of the problem in the two fields as well as the remarkable opportunities in biomedical imaging to use technologies developed in HEP have the potential to make major advances in the medical world, in particular for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). We will describe and present some preliminary results of the development of a new complete read-out chain able to manage signals from various types of modem photo detectors (MCP, APD, SiPM). This innovative architecture is made of a fast front-end electronics ASIC with novel Digital Signal Processing (DSP) concepts able to reach the Pico-second timing resolution, a time-to-digital converter, a pipelined digital readout and an integrated trigger/filter with real-time data treatment and display. In parallel with the hardware development, we have begun a systematic program to simulate system characteristics from the initial particle interaction to the final digital data, including a bit-by-bit mapping of the front end/data acquisition system. The introduction of these techniques and tools, common in HEP, has the potential to make improvement to biomedical imaging systems. C1 [Chen, Chin-Tu; Kao, Chien-Min; Xie, Quigguo] Univ Chicago, Div Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Frisch, Henry; Heinz, Mary; Sanders, Harold; Tang, Fukung] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Anderson, John; Byrum, Karen; Drake, Gray; Heartly, Camden] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Le Du, Patrick; Royon, Christophe] CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Genat, Jean Francois] CNRS IN2P3, Caen, France. [Va'vra, Jerry] Stanford Linear Accelerator, Stanford, CA USA. RP Chen, CT (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Div Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM cchen3@uchicago.edu; frisch@hep.uchicago.edu; byrum@hep.anl.gov; pledu@cea.fr; genat@.in2p3fr; jjv@slac.stanford.edu FU Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX We would like to thanks Dr. W.W. Moses from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for useful discussion and support. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-281-908-6 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2008 VL 4 BP 660 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812819093_0111 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDK77 UT WOS:000313601400111 ER PT B AU Asai, M AF Asai, Makoto BE Barone, M Gaddi, A Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI GEANT4 APPLICATIONS IN SPACE SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 08-12, 2007 CL Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta, Como, ITALY SP G Castiglioni HO Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SINGLE-EVENT UPSET; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; ON-BOARD; RADIATION; ENVIRONMENT; SCATTERING; GLAST; DETECTORS; DEVICES AB The use of Geant4 is rapidly expanding in the domain of space applications. I try to give an overview three major application areas of Geant4 in space, which are apparatus simulation for pre-launch design and post-launch analysis, planetary scale simulation for radiation spectra and surface and sub-surface explorations, and micro-dosimetry simulation for single event study and radiation-hardening of semiconductor devices. Recently, not only the mission-dependent applications but also various multi-purpose or common tools built on top of Geant4 are also widely available. I overview some of these tools as well. The Geant4 Collaboration identifies the space applications now-as one of the major driving forces of the further developments and refinements of Geant4 toolkit. Highlights of such developments are given. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Asai, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-281-908-6 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2008 VL 4 BP 719 EP 728 DI 10.1142/9789812819093_0120 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDK77 UT WOS:000313601400120 ER PT B AU Barberio, E Boudreau, J Butler, B Cheung, SL Dell'Acqua, A Di Simone, A EhrenfelD', W Gallas, MV Glasow, A Hughes, E Marshall, Z Mueller, J Placakyte, R Rimoldi, A Savard, P Tsulaia, V Waugh, A Young, CC AF Barberio, E. Boudreau, J. Butler, B. Cheung, S. L. Dell'Acqua, A. Di Simone, A. EhrenfelD', W. Gallas, M. V. Glasow, A. Hughes, E. Marshall, Z. Mueller, J. Placakyte, R. Rimoldi, A. Savard, P. Tsulaia, V. Waugh, A. Young, C. C. BE Barone, M Gaddi, A Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI THE GEANT4-BASED ATLAS FAST ELECTROMAGNETIC SHOWER SIMULATION SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 08-12, 2007 CL Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta, Como, ITALY SP G Castiglioni HO Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta AB We present a three-pronged approach to fast electromagnetic shower simulation in ATLAS. Parameterisation is used for high-energy, shower libraries for medium-energy, and an averaged deposition for very low-energy particles. We present a comparison between the fast simulation and full simulation in an ATLAS Monte Carlo production. C1 [Barberio, E.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Boudreau, J.; Mueller, J.; Tsulaia, V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Butler, B.; Young, C. C.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cheung, S. L.; Savard, P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Dell'Acqua, A.; Di Simone, A.; Gallas, M. V.] CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-121123 Geneva, Switzerland. [EhrenfelD', W.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Experimentalphysik, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [EhrenfelD', W.; Glasow, A.; Placakyte, R.] DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchroton, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Hughes, E.; Marshall, Z.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. [Marshall, Z.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rimoldi, A.] Univ Pavia, Inst Fis Nucleare, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Waugh, A.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Falkiner High Energy Phys Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Barberio, E (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Di Simone, Andrea/K-6609-2013 OI Di Simone, Andrea/0000-0003-0201-3377 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-281-908-6 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2008 VL 4 BP 802 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812819093_0133 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDK77 UT WOS:000313601400133 ER PT B AU Perl, J AF Perl, Joseph BE Barone, M Gaddi, A Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI NORTH AMERICAN MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS OF THE GEANT4 SIMULATION TOOLKIT SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 08-12, 2007 CL Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta, Como, ITALY SP G Castiglioni HO Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS AB Geant4 is a toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. While Geant4 was originally developed for High Energy Physics, applications now include Nuclear, Space and Medical Physics. Medical applications include characterizing machines and sources, calculating dose and the development of imaging technology. This paper surveys Geant4 medical applications in North America, explains why users choose Geant4 and discusses the challenges of bringing Geant4 to this community. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Perl, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-281-908-6 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2008 VL 4 BP 807 EP 814 DI 10.1142/9789812819093_0134 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDK77 UT WOS:000313601400134 ER PT B AU Fedorko, I Abulencia, A Errede, D Gerberich, H Junk, T Kasten, M Levine, S Mokos, R Pitts, K Rogers, E Veramendi, G Azzurri, P Donati, S Staveris-Polykalas, A Cochran, E Efron, J Gartner, J Hughes, R Johnson, M Kilminster, B Lannon, K McKim, J Olivito, D Parks, B Slaunwhite, J Winer, B Dittmann, J Hewamanage, S Krumnack, N Wilson, JS Erbacher, R Forrest, R Ivanov, A Soha, A Flanagan, G Jones, T Holm, S Klein, R Schmidt, EE Scott, L Shaw, T Wilson, PJ AF Fedorko, I. Abulencia, A. Errede, D. Gerberich, H. Junk, T. Kasten, M. Levine, S. Mokos, R. Pitts, K. Rogers, E. Veramendi, G. Azzurri, P. Donati, S. Staveris-Polykalas, A. Cochran, E. Efron, J. Gartner, J. Hughes, R. Johnson, M. Kilminster, B. Lannon, K. McKim, J. Olivito, D. Parks, B. Slaunwhite, J. Winer, B. Dittmann, J. Hewamanage, S. Krumnack, N. Wilson, J. S. Erbacher, R. Forrest, R. Ivanov, A. Soha, A. Flanagan, G. Jones, T. Holm, S. Klein, R. Schmidt, E. E. Scott, L. Shaw, T. Wilson, P. J. BE Barone, M Gaddi, A Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI The CDF II eXtremely Fast Tracker Upgrade SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 08-12, 2007 CL Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta, Como, ITALY SP G Castiglioni HO Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta DE CDF; XFT; Trigger AB The CDF II eXtremely Fast Tracker (XFT) is the trigger processor which reconstructs charged particle tracks in the transverse plane of the central tracking chamber. The XFT tracks are also extrapolated to the electromagnetic calorimeter and muon chambers to generate trigger electron and muon candidates. The XFT is crucial for the entire CDF II physics program: it detects high P-T leptons from W/Z and heavy flavor decays and, in conjunction with the Level 2 processors, it identifies secondary vertices from beauty decays. The XFT has thus been crucial for the recent measurement of the B-s(0) oscilation and Sigma(b) discovery. The increase of the Tevatron instantaneous luminosity demanded an upgrade of the system to cope with the higher occupancy of the chamber. In the upgraded XFT, three dimensional tracking reduces the level of fake tracks and measures the longitudinal track parameters, which strongly reinforce the trigger selections. This allows to mantain the trigger perfectly efficient at the record luminosities 2-3.10(32) cm(-2) s(-1) and to mantain intact the CDF II high luminosity physics program, which includes the Higgs search. The architecture, the used technology, the performance and the impact of the upgraded XFT on the entire CDF II trigger strategy are reviewed. C1 [Fedorko, I.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Abulencia, A.; Errede, D.; Gerberich, H.; Junk, T.; Kasten, M.; Levine, S.; Mokos, R.; Pitts, K.; Rogers, E.; Veramendi, G.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Azzurri, P.; Donati, S.; Staveris-Polykalas, A.] Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucleare Pisa, Siena, Italy. [Cochran, E.; Efron, J.; Gartner, J.; Hughes, R.; Johnson, M.; Kilminster, B.; Lannon, K.; McKim, J.; Olivito, D.; Parks, B.; Slaunwhite, J.; Winer, B.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dittmann, J.; Hewamanage, S.; Krumnack, N.; Wilson, J. S.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76796 USA. [Erbacher, R.; Forrest, R.; Ivanov, A.; Soha, A.] Univ Calif, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Flanagan, G.; Jones, T.] Purdue Univ, Indiana, PA 47907 USA. [Holm, S.; Klein, R.; Schmidt, E. E.; Scott, L.; Shaw, T.; Wilson, P. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fedorko, I (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM ivan.fedorko@cern.ch NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-281-908-6 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2008 VL 4 BP 951 EP + DI 10.1142/9789812819093_0159 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDK77 UT WOS:000313601400159 ER PT B AU Van Buren, G AF Van Buren, G. CA STAR Collaboration BE Barone, M Gaddi, A Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI Precision Calibration of the STAR TPC SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 08-12, 2007 CL Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta, Como, ITALY SP G Castiglioni HO Ctr Cultura Sci A Volta DE Calibration; Time projection chamber ID TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER AB The STAR Experiment's Time Projection Chamber (TPC) was designed to efficiently reconstruct charged particle tracks in the high multiplicity environment of the original RHIC specifications with the spatial precision to topologically identify weak decays of strange hadrons. The evolving physics program of the experiment has driven the calibration requirements to exceed those design goals to handle higher luminosities and accurately reconstruct track positions with even finer precision for optimal cooperation with silicon detectors. We discuss the challenges involved in the calibration of the TPC and the efforts which have successfully realized these goals. C1 [Van Buren, G.; STAR Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Van Buren, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gene@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-281-908-6 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2008 VL 4 BP 1029 EP 1033 DI 10.1142/9789812819093_0174 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDK77 UT WOS:000313601400174 ER PT J AU Evrard, AE Bialek, J Busha, M White, M Habib, S Heitmann, K Warren, M Rasia, E Tormen, G Moscardini, L Power, C Jenkins, AR Gao, L Frenk, CS Springel, V White, SDM Diemand, J AF Evrard, A. E. Bialek, J. Busha, M. White, M. Habib, S. Heitmann, K. Warren, M. Rasia, E. Tormen, G. Moscardini, L. Power, C. Jenkins, A. R. Gao, L. Frenk, C. S. Springel, V. White, S. D. M. Diemand, J. TI Virial scaling of massive dark matter halos: Why clusters prefer a high normalization cosmology SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : miscellaneous; cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; gravitation; intergalactic medium ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; TEMPERATURE RELATION; T RELATION; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY; ENERGY AB We present a precise estimate of the bulk virial scaling relation of halos formed via hierarchical clustering in an ensemble of simulated cold dark matter cosmologies. The result is insensitive to cosmological parameters; the presence of a trace, dissipationless gas component; and numerical resolution down to a limit of similar to 1000 particles. The dark matter velocity dispersion scales with total mass as log sigma(DM)(M, z) = log(1082.9 +/- 4.0 km s(-1)) + (0.3361 +/- 0.0026) log [h(z)M-200/10(15) M-circle dot], with h(z) being the dimensionless Hubble parameter. At fixed mass, the velocity dispersion likelihood is nearly lognormal, with scatter sigma (ln) (sigma) = 0.0426 +/- 0.015, except for a tail with higher dispersions containing 10% of the population that are merger transients. We combine this relation with the halo mass function in Lambda CDM models and show that a low normalization condition, S-8 = sigma(8)(Omega(m)/0.3)(0.35) = 0.69, favored by recent WMAP and SDSS analysis requires that galaxy and gas-specific energies in rich clusters be 50% larger than that of the underlying dark matter. Such large energetic biases are in conflict with the current generation of direct simulations of cluster formation. A higher normalization, S-8 = 0.80, alleviates this tension and implies that the hot gas fraction within r(500) is (0.71 +/- 0.09) h(70)(-3/2) Omega(b)/Omega(m), a value consistent with recent Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations. C1 [Evrard, A. E.; Bialek, J.; Busha, M.; Rasia, E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A. E.; Bialek, J.; Busha, M.; Rasia, E.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, A. E.; White, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Habib, S.; Heitmann, K.; Warren, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rasia, E.; Moscardini, L.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Rasia, E.; Tormen, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Moscardini, L.] INFN, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Sez Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Power, C.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Jenkins, A. R.; Gao, L.; Frenk, C. S.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Springel, V.; White, S. D. M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. [Diemand, J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Evrard, AE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Diemand, Juerg/G-9448-2011; Power, Chris/C-2480-2013; White, Martin/I-3880-2015; Gao, Liang/O-6598-2014; OI Power, Chris/0000-0002-4003-0904; White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904; Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X; rasia, elena/0000-0003-4175-002X; Jenkins, Adrian/0000-0003-4389-2232 NR 117 TC 168 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 122 EP 137 DI 10.1086/521616 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000014 ER PT J AU Coil, AL Newman, JA Croton, D Cooper, MC Davis, M Faber, SM Gerke, BF Koo, DC Padmanabhan, N Wechsler, RH Weiner, BJ AF Coil, Alison L. Newman, Jeffrey A. Croton, Darren Cooper, Michael C. Davis, Marc Faber, S. M. Gerke, Brian F. Koo, David C. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Wechsler, Risa H. Weiner, Benjamin J. TI The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Color and luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering at z similar to 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; DARK-MATTER HALOES; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; SIMILAR-TO 1; STAR-FORMATION; SPECTRAL TYPE; LARGE-SCALE AB We present measurements of the color and luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering at z similar to 1 in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey. Using volume-limited subsamples in bins of both color and luminosity, we find the following: (1) The clustering dependence is much stronger with color than with luminosity and is as strong with color at z similar to 1 as is found locally. We find no dependence of the clustering amplitude on color for galaxies on the red sequence, but a significant dependence on color for galaxies within the blue cloud. (2) For galaxies in the range L/L* similar to 0.7-2, a stronger large-scale luminosity dependence is seen for all galaxies than is seen for red and blue galaxies separately. The small-scale clustering amplitude depends significantly on luminosity for blue galaxies, with brighter samples having a stronger rise on scales r(p) < 0.5 h(-1) Mpc. (3) Redder galaxies exhibit stronger small-scale redshift-space distortions ("fingers of god''), and both red and blue populations show large-scale distortions in xi(r(p,) pi) due to coherent infall. (4) While the clustering length, r(0), increases smoothly with galaxy color (in narrow bins), its power-law exponent, gamma, exhibits a sharp jump from the blue cloud to the red sequence. The intermediate-color "green'' galaxy population likely includes transitional galaxies moving from the blue cloud to the red sequence; on large scales green galaxies are as clustered as red galaxies but show infall kinematics and a small-scale correlation slope akin to the blue galaxy population. (5) We compare our results to a semianalytic galaxy formation model applied to the Millennium Run simulation. Differences between the data and the model suggest that in the model star formation is shut down too efficiently in satellite galaxies. C1 [Coil, Alison L.; Weiner, Benjamin J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Newman, Jeffrey A.; Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Croton, Darren; Cooper, Michael C.; Davis, Marc; Gerke, Brian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Faber, S. M.; Koo, David C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wechsler, Risa H.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wechsler, Risa H.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Coil, AL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012 NR 108 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 153 EP 176 DI 10.1086/523639 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000017 ER PT J AU Lotz, JM Davis, M Faber, SM Guhathakurta, P Gwyn, S Huang, J Koo, DC Le Floc'h, E Lin, L Newman, J Noeske, K Papovich, C Willmer, CNA Coil, A Conselice, CJ Cooper, M Hopkins, AM Metevier, A Primack, J Rieke, G Weiner, BJ AF Lotz, Jennifer M. Davis, M. Faber, S. M. Guhathakurta, P. Gwyn, S. Huang, J. Koo, D. C. Le Floc'h, E. Lin, Lihwai Newman, J. Noeske, K. Papovich, C. Willmer, C. N. A. Coil, A. Conselice, C. J. Cooper, M. Hopkins, A. M. Metevier, A. Primack, J. Rieke, G. Weiner, B. J. TI The evolution of galaxy mergers and morphology at z < 1.2 in the Extended Groth Strip SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : structure ID STAR-FORMATION RATE; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; LDSS REDSHIFT SURVEYS; EARLY DATA RELEASE; FORMATION HISTORY; MERGING GALAXIES; FIELD GALAXIES; RED GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB We present the quantitative rest-frame B morphological evolution and galaxy merger fraction at 0.2 < z < 1.2 as observed by the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS). We use the Gini coefficient and M(20) to identify major mergers and classify galaxy morphology for a volume-limited sample of 3009 galaxies brighter than 0.4L(B)*, assuming pure luminosity evolution. We find that the merger fraction remains roughly constant at 10% +/- 2% for 0.2 < z < 1.2. The fraction of E/S0/Sa galaxies increases from 21% +/- 3% at z similar to 1.1 to 44% +/- 9% at z similar to 0.3, while the fraction of Sb-Ir galaxies decreases from 64% +/- 6% at z similar to 1.1 to 47% +/- 9% at z similar to 0.3. The majority of z 1.2 Spitzer MIPS 24 mu m sources with L(IR) > 10(11) L(circle dot) are disk galaxies, and only similar to 15% are classified as major merger candidates. Edge-on and dusty disk galaxies (Sb-Ir) are almost a third of the red sequence at z similar to 1.1, while E/S0/Sa make up over 90% of the red sequence at z similar to 0.3. Approximately 2% of our full sample are red mergers. We conclude (1) the merger rate does not evolve strongly between 0.2 < z < 1.2; (2) the decrease in the volume-averaged star formation rate density since z similar to 1 is a result of declining star formation in disk galaxies rather than a disappearing population of major mergers; (3) the build-up of the red sequence at z < 1 can be explained by a doubling in the number of spheroidal galaxies since z similar to 1.2. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Davis, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Faber, S. M.; Guhathakurta, P.; Koo, D. C.; Lin, Lihwai; Noeske, K.; Metevier, A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gwyn, S.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Huang, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Le Floc'h, E.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Le Floc'h, E.] Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [Newman, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Papovich, C.; Willmer, C. N. A.; Coil, A.; Rieke, G.; Weiner, B. J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Conselice, C. J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hopkins, A. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Primack, J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lotz, JM (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lotz@noao.edu RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; OI Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638 NR 99 TC 244 Z9 246 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 177 EP 197 DI 10.1086/523659 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000018 ER PT J AU Yanez, MA Norman, ML Martos, MA Hayes, JC AF Yanez, Miguel A. Norman, Michael L. Martos, Marco A. Hayes, John C. TI Resonance-related spiral substructure in a galactic gaseous disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; galaxies : spiral; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical ID STELLAR DYNAMICS; DENSITY WAVES; GALAXIES; MODELS; SPURS; SHOCKS; MASS; ARMS AB We use high-resolution (2048(2) zones) 2D hydrodynamic simulations to study the formation of spiral substructure in the gaseous disk of a galaxy. The obtained gaseous response is driven by a self-consistent nonaxisymmetric potential obtained from an imposed spiral mass distribution. We highlight the importance of ultraharmonic resonances in generating these features. The temporal evolution of the system is followed with the parallel ZEUS-MP code, and we follow the steepening of perturbations induced by the spiral potential until large-scale shocks emerge. These shocks exhibit bifurcations that protrude from the gaseous arms and continue to steepen until new shocks are formed. When the contribution from the spiral potential relative to the axisymmetric background is increased from our default value, spurs protrude from the main arms after several revolutions of the gaseous disk. Such spurs overlap on top of the aforementioned shocks. These results support the hypothesis that a complicated gaseous response can coexist with an orderly spiral potential term, in the sense that the underlying background potential can be smooth yet drive a gaseous response that is far more spatially complex. C1 [Yanez, Miguel A.; Norman, Michael L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Martos, Marco A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04150, DF, Mexico. [Hayes, John C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yanez, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mlnorman@ucsd.edu; myanez@ucsd.edu; marco@astroscu.unam.mx; jchayes@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1086/523930 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000020 ER PT J AU Whalen, DJ Norman, ML AF Whalen, Daniel J. Norman, Michael L. TI Three-dimensional dynamical instabilities in Galactic ionization fronts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; hydrodynamics; instabilities; ISM : general; methods : numerical ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; STAR-FORMATION; HII-REGIONS; STABILITY; CLUMPS; PHOTOEVAPORATION; EVOLUTION; CLOUDS; IMPACT; FLOWS AB Ionization front instabilities have long been of interest for their suspected role in a variety of phenomena in the Galaxy, from the formation of bright rims and "elephant trunks'' in nebulae to triggered star formation in molecular clouds. Numerical treatments of these instabilities have historically been limited in both dimensionality and input physics, leaving important questions about their true evolution unanswered. We present the first three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical calculations of both R-type ( rarefied) and D-type ( dense) ionization front instabilities in Galactic environments ( i.e., solar-metallicity gas). Consistent with linear stability analyses of planar D-type fronts, our models exhibit many short-wavelength perturbations that grow at early times and later evolve into fewer large-wavelength structures. The simulations demonstrate that both self-consistent radiative transfer and three-dimensional flow introduce significant morphological differences to unstable modes when compared to earlier two-dimensional approximate models. We find that the amplitude of the instabilities in the nonlinear regime is primarily determined by the efficiency of cooling within the shocked neutral shell. Strong radiative cooling leads to long, extended structures with pronounced clumping, while weaker cooling leads to saturated modes that devolve into turbulent flows. These results suggest that expanding H II regions may either promote or provide turbulent support against the formation of later generations of stars, with potential consequences for star formation rates in the Galaxy today. C1 [Whalen, Daniel J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Norman, Michael L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Whalen, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwhalen@lanl.gov NR 37 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1086/522569 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000026 ER PT J AU Perley, DA Bloom, JS Butler, NR Pollack, LK Holtzman, J Blake, CH Kocevski, D Vestrand, WT Li, W Foley, RJ Bellm, E Chen, HW Prochaska, JX Starr, D Filippenko, AV Falco, EE Szentgyorgyi, AH Wren, J Wozniak, PR White, R Pergande, J AF Perley, D. A. Bloom, J. S. Butler, N. R. Pollack, L. K. Holtzman, J. Blake, C. H. Kocevski, D. Vestrand, W. T. Li, W. Foley, R. J. Bellm, E. Chen, H. -W. Prochaska, J. X. Starr, D. Filippenko, A. V. Falco, E. E. Szentgyorgyi, A. H. Wren, J. Wozniak, P. R. White, R. Pergande, J. TI The troublesome broadband evolution of GRB 061126: Does a gray burst imply gray dust? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; EARLY OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LIGHT-CURVE; MILKY-WAY; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; SHOCK MODEL; SKY SURVEY AB We report on observations of a gamma-ray burst (GRB061126) with an extremely bright (R approximate to 12 mag at peak) early-time optical afterglow. The optical afterglow is already fading as a power law 22 s after the trigger, with no detectable prompt contribution in our first exposure, which was coincident with a large prompt-emission gamma-ray pulse. The optical-infrared photometric SED is an excellent fit to a power law, but it exhibits a moderate red-to-blue evolution in the spectral index at about 500 s after the burst. This color change is contemporaneous with a switch from a relatively fast decay to slower decay. The rapidly decaying early afterglow is broadly consistent with synchrotron emission from a reverse shock, but a bright forward-shock component predicted by the intermediate- to late-time X-ray observations under the assumptions of standard afterglow models is not observed. Indeed, despite its remarkable early-time brightness, this burst would qualify as a dark burst at later times on the basis of its nearly flat optical-to-X-ray spectral index. Our photometric SED provides no evidence of host galaxy extinction, requiring either large quantities of gray dust in the host system (at redshift 1.1588 +/- 0.0006, based on our late-time Keck spectroscopy) or separate physical origins for the X-ray and optical afterglows. C1 [Perley, D. A.; Bloom, J. S.; Butler, N. R.; Kocevski, D.; Li, W.; Foley, R. J.; Starr, D.; Filippenko, A. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pollack, L. K.; Prochaska, J. X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Holtzman, J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Blake, C. H.; Falco, E. E.; Szentgyorgyi, A. H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vestrand, W. T.; Wren, J.; Wozniak, P. R.; White, R.; Pergande, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bellm, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, H. -W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Perley, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348; Wozniak, Przemyslaw/0000-0002-9919-3310 NR 76 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1086/523929 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000040 ER PT J AU Faccioli, L Alcock, C Cook, K AF Faccioli, Lorenzo Alcock, Charles Cook, Kem TI Post-main-sequence orbital circularization of binary stars in the large and small Magellanic Clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; celestial mechanics; eclipses; Magellanic Clouds; methods : numerical; surveys ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; PROPER-MOTION STARS; TIDAL EVOLUTION; MACHO PROJECT; SYNCHRONIZATION TIMES; CLOSE BINARIES; OPEN CLUSTERS; SPACED DATA AB We present results from a study of the orbits of eclipsing binary stars (EBs) in the Magellanic Clouds. The samples comprise 4510 EBs found in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by the MACHO project, 2474 LMC EBs found by the OGLE-II project (of which 1182 are also in the MACHO sample), 1380 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) found by the MACHO project, and 1317 SMC EBs found by the OGLE-II project (of which 677 are also in the MACHO sample); we also consider the EROS sample of 79 EBs in the bar of the LMC. Statistics of the phase differences between primary and secondary minima allow us to infer the statistics of orbital eccentricities within these samples. We confirm the well-known absence of eccentric orbit in close binary stars. We also find evidence for rapid circularization in longer period systems when one member evolves beyond the main sequence. C1 [Faccioli, Lorenzo] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Faccioli, Lorenzo] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Alcock, Charles] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cook, Kem] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Faccioli, L (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM lfaccioli@lbl.gov; calcock@cfa.harvard.edu; kcook@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 604 EP 622 DI 10.1086/523881 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000054 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Schweikhard, L Liebisch, P Brown, GV AF Beiersdorfer, P. Schweikhard, L. Liebisch, P. Brown, G. V. TI X-ray signature of charge exchange in the spectra of L-shell iron ions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line : formation; X-rays : general ID MAGNETIC TRAPPING MODE; SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; WIND-COMET INTERACTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CROSS-SECTIONS; LINE EMISSION AB The X-ray signature of charge exchange between highly charged L-shell iron ions and neutral gas atoms was studied in the laboratory in order to assess its diagnostic utility. Significant differences with spectra formed by electron-impact excitation were observed. In particular, a strong enhancement was found of the emission corresponding to n >= 4 -> n = 2 transitions relative to the n = 3 -> n = 2 emission. This enhancement was detectable even with relatively low-resolution X-ray instrumentation (E/Delta E approximate to 10) and may enable future identification of charge exchange as a line-formation mechanism in astrophysical spectra. C1 [Beiersdorfer, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Liebisch, P.; Brown, G. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Schweikhard, L.] Emst Moritz Amdt Univ, Inst Phys, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1086/522617 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000065 ER PT J AU Li, ST Li, H Cen, RY AF Li, Shengtai Li, Hui Cen, Renyue TI Cosmomhd: A cosmological magnetohydrodynamics code SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; methods : numerical; MHD; shock waves ID COSMIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GODUNOV-TYPE METHODS; IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; NUMERICAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; GALAXY CLUSTERS; RIEMANN SOLVER; SIMULATIONS; SCHEME AB In this era of precision cosmology, a detailed physical understanding on the evolution of cosmic baryons is required. Cosmic magnetic fields, though still poorly understood, may represent an important component in the global cosmic energy flow that affects the baryon dynamics. We have developed an Eulerian-based cosmological magnetohydrodynamics code (CosmoMHD) with modern shock capturing schemes to study the formation and evolution of cosmic structures in the presence of magnetic fields. We have implemented several high-resolution finite-volume and finite-difference methods for solving the MHD equations with cosmology. The divergence-free condition of the magnetic fields is preserved at a level of computer round-off error via the constraint transport method. We have also implemented a high-resolution method via dual-equation formulation to track the thermal energy of the baryons accurately in very high Mach number or high Alfven-Mach number regions. Several numerical tests have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed schemes. C1 [Li, Shengtai; Li, Hui] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cen, Renyue] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Li, ST (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sli@lanl.gov; hli@lanl.gov; cen@atro.princeton.edu OI Li, Shengtai/0000-0002-4142-3080 NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 174 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1086/521302 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258BO UT WOS:000252843600001 ER PT J AU Steiner, AL Cohen, RC Harley, RA Tonse, S Millet, DB Schade, GW Goldstein, AH AF Steiner, A. L. Cohen, R. C. Harley, R. A. Tonse, S. Millet, D. B. Schade, G. W. Goldstein, A. H. TI VOC reactivity in central California: comparing an air quality model to ground-based measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; OH REACTIVITY; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERIC NO2; OZONE FORMATION; REGIONAL OZONE AB Volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity in central California is examined using a photochemical air quality model (the Community Multiscale Air Quality model; CMAQ) and ground-based measurements to evaluate the contribution of VOC to photochemical activity. We classify VOC into four categories: anthropogenic, biogenic, aldehyde, and other oxygenated VOC. Anthropogenic and biogenic VOC consist of primary emissions, while aldehydes and other oxygenated VOC include both primary anthropogenic emissions and secondary products from primary VOC oxidation. To evaluate the model treatment of VOC chemistry, we compare calculated and modeled OH and VOC reactivities using the following metrics: 1) cumulative distribution functions of NOx concentration and VOC reactivity (R-OH,R-VOC), 2) the relationship between R-OH,R-VOC and NOx, 3) total OH reactivity (R-OH,R-total) and speciated contributions, and 4) the relationship between speciated R-OH,R-VOC and NOx. We find that the model predicts R-OH,R-total to within 25-40% at three sites representing urban (Sacramento), suburban (Granite Bay) and rural (Blodgett Forest) chemistry. However in the urban area of Fresno, the model under predicts NOx and VOC emissions by a factor of 2-3. At all locations the model is consistent with observations of the relative contributions of total VOC. In urban areas, anthropogenic and biogenic R-OH,R-VOC are predicted fairly well over a range of NOx conditions. In suburban and rural locations, anthropogenic and other oxygenated R-OH,R-VOC relationships are reproduced, but calculated biogenic and aldehyde R-OH,R-VOC are often poorly characterized by measurements, making evaluation of the model with available data unreliable. In central California, 30-50% of the modeled urban VOC reactivity is due to aldehydes and other oxygenated species, and the total oxygenated R-OH,R-VOC is nearly equivalent to anthropogenic VOC reactivity. In rural vegetated regions, biogenic and aldehyde reactivity dominates. This indicates that more attention needs to be paid to the accuracy of models and measurements of both primary emissions of oxygenated VOC and secondary production of oxygenates, especially formaldehyde and other aldehydes, and that a more comprehensive set of oxygenated VOC measurements is required to include all of the important contributions to atmospheric reactivity. C1 [Steiner, A. L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harley, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tonse, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Millet, D. B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schade, G. W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Steiner, AL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM alsteiner@umich.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Schade, Gunnar/G-9000-2012; Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Schade, Gunnar/0000-0003-4327-0839; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 55 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 351 EP 368 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CN UT WOS:000253908100013 ER PT J AU de Foy, B Fast, JD Paech, SJ Phillips, D Walters, JT Coulter, RL Martin, TJ Pekour, MS Shaw, WJ Kastendeuch, PP Marley, NA Retama, A Molina, LT AF de Foy, B. Fast, J. D. Paech, S. J. Phillips, D. Walters, J. T. Coulter, R. L. Martin, T. J. Pekour, M. S. Shaw, W. J. Kastendeuch, P. P. Marley, N. A. Retama, A. Molina, L. T. TI Basin-scale wind transport during the MILAGRO field campaign and comparison to climatology using cluster analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICO-CITY BASIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER EVOLUTION; AIR-POLLUTION; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; COMPLEX TERRAIN; LOCAL FLOWS; GAP WINDS; PART I; CLASSIFICATION; OZONE AB The MILAGRO field campaign was a multi-agency international collaborative project to evaluate the regional impacts of the Mexico City air pollution plume as a means of understanding urban impacts on the global climate. Mexico City lies on an elevated plateau with mountains on three sides and has complex mountain and surface-driven wind flows. This paper asks what the wind transport was in the basin during the field campaign and how representative it was of the climatology. Surface meteorology and air quality data, radiosondes and radar wind profiler data were collected at sites in the basin and its vicinity. Cluster analysis was used to identify the dominant wind patterns both during the campaign and within the past 10 years of operational data from the warm dry season. Our analysis shows that March 2006 was representative of typical flow patterns experienced in the basin. Six episode types were identified for the basin-scale circulation providing a way of interpreting atmospheric chemistry and particulate data collected during the campaign. Decoupling between surface winds and those aloft had a strong influence in leading to convection and poor air quality episodes. Hourly characterisation of wind circulation during the MILAGRO, MCMA-2003 and IMADA field campaigns enables the comparisons of similar air pollution episodes and the evaluation of the impact of wind transport on measurements of the atmospheric chemistry taking place in the basin. C1 [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Fast, J. D.; Pekour, M. S.; Shaw, W. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Paech, S. J.; Phillips, D.; Walters, J. T.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Coulter, R. L.; Martin, T. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kastendeuch, P. P.] Univ Strasbourg, Ctr Geochim Surface, Strasbourg, France. [Marley, N. A.] Univ Arkansas Little Rock, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR USA. [Molina, L. T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM bdefoy@slu.edu RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010 OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922 NR 39 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1224 DI 10.5194/acp-8-1209-2008 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CS UT WOS:000253908600007 ER PT J AU Guo, H Liu, Y Penner, JE AF Guo, H. Liu, Y. Penner, J. E. TI Does the threshold representation associated with the autoconversion process matter? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; AEROSOL ACTIVATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PRECIPITATION; SCHEME; WATER; MICROPHYSICS AB Different ad hoc threshold functions associated with the autoconversion process have been arbitrarily used in atmospheric models. However, it is unclear how these ad hoc functions impact model results. Here systematic investigations of the sensitivities of climatically-important properties: CF (cloud fraction), LWP (liquid water path), and AIE (aerosol indirect effect) to threshold functions have been performed using a 3-D cloud-resolving model. It is found that the effect of threshold representations is larger on instantaneous values than on daily averages; and the effect depends on the percentage of clouds in their transitional stages of converting cloud water to rain water. For both the instantaneous values and daily averages, the sensitivity to the specification of critical radius is more significant than the sensitivity to the 'smoothness' of the threshold representation (as embodied in the relative dispersion of droplet size distribution) for drizzling clouds. Moreover, the impact of threshold representations on the AIE is stronger than that on CF and LWP. C1 [Guo, H.; Liu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hguo@bnl.gov RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Guo, Huan/D-8282-2014 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1230 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CS UT WOS:000253908600008 ER PT J AU Doran, JC Fast, JD Barnard, JC Laskin, A Desyaterik, Y Gilles, MK AF Doran, J. C. Fast, J. D. Barnard, J. C. Laskin, A. Desyaterik, Y. Gilles, M. K. TI Applications of lagrangian dispersion modeling to the analysis of changes in the specific absorption of elemental carbon SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; MEXICO-CITY; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; EMISSIONS; SOOT; FIRES; STATE AB We use a Lagrangian dispersion model driven by a mesoscale model with four-dimensional data assimilation to simulate the dispersion of elemental carbon (EC) over a region encompassing Mexico City and its surroundings. The region was the study domain for the 2006 MAX-MEX experiment, which was a component of the MILAGRO campaign. The results are used to identify periods when biomass burning was likely to have had a significant impact on the concentrations of elemental carbon at two sites, T1 and T2, downwind of the city, and when emissions from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) were likely to have been more important. They are also used to estimate the median ages of EC affecting the specific absorption of light, alpha(ABS), at 870 nm as well as to identify periods when the urban plume from the MCMA was likely to have been advected over T1 and T2. Median EC ages at T1 and T2 are substantially larger during the day than at night. Values of alpha(ABS) at T1, the nearer of the two sites to Mexico City, were smaller at night and increased rapidly after mid-morning, peaking in the mid-afternoon. The behavior is attributed to the coating of aerosols with substances such as sulfate or organic carbon during daylight hours, but such coating appears to be limited or absent at night. Evidence for this is provided by scanning electron microscopy images of aerosols collected at the sampling sites. During daylight hours the values of alpha(ABS) did not increase with aerosol age for median ages in the range of 1-4 h. There is some evidence for absorption increasing as aerosols were advected from T1 to T2 but the statistical significance of that result is not strong. C1 [Doran, J. C.; Fast, J. D.; Barnard, J. C.; Laskin, A.; Desyaterik, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Gilles, M. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1377 EP 1389 DI 10.5194/acp-8-1377-2008 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CS UT WOS:000253908600019 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI Springston, SR Daum, PH Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Senum, GI Wang, J Weinstein-Lloyd, J Alexander, ML Hubbe, J Ortega, J Canagaratna, MR Jayne, J AF Kleinman, L. I. Springston, S. R. Daum, P. H. Lee, Y. -N. Nunnermacker, L. J. Senum, G. I. Wang, J. Weinstein-Lloyd, J. Alexander, M. L. Hubbe, J. Ortega, J. Canagaratna, M. R. Jayne, J. TI The time evolution of aerosol composition over the Mexico City plateau SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY; METROPOLITAN-AREA; COMBINED MOBILITY; MODEL; EMISSIONS; CAMPAIGN AB The time evolution of aerosol concentration and chemical composition in a megacity urban plume was determined based on 8 flights of the DOE G-1 aircraft in and downwind of Mexico City during the March 2006 MILA-GRO field campaign. A series of selection criteria are imposed to eliminate data points with non-urban emission influences. Biomass burning has urban and non-urban sources that are distinguished on the basis of CH3CN and CO. In order to account for dilution in the urban plume, aerosol concentrations are normalized to CO which is taken as an inert tracer of urban emission, proportional to the emissions of aerosol precursors. Time evolution is determined with respect to photochemical age defined as -Log(10) (NOx/NOy). The geographic distribution of photochemical age and CO is examined, confirming the picture that Mexico City is a source region and that pollutants become more dilute and aged as they are advected towards T1 and T2, surface sites that are located at the fringe of the City and 35 km to the NE, respectively. Organic aerosol (OA) per ppm CO is found to increase 7 fold over the range of photochemical ages studied, corresponding to a change in NOx/NOy from nearly 100% to 10%. In the older samples the nitrate/CO ratio has leveled off suggesting that evaporation and formation of aerosol nitrate are in balance. In contrast, OA/CO increases with age in older samples, indicating that OA is still being formed. The amount of carbon equivalent to the deduced change in OA/CO with age is 56 ppbC per ppm CO. At an aerosol yield of 5% and 8% for low and high yield aromatic compounds, it is estimated from surface hydrocarbon observations that only similar to 9% of the OA formation can be accounted for. A comparison of OA/CO in Mexico City and the eastern U.S. gives no evidence that aerosol yields are higher in a more polluted environment. C1 [Kleinman, L. I.; Springston, S. R.; Daum, P. H.; Lee, Y. -N.; Nunnermacker, L. J.; Senum, G. I.; Wang, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Weinstein-Lloyd, J.] SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. [Alexander, M. L.; Hubbe, J.; Ortega, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Canagaratna, M. R.; Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kleinman@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 55 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1559 EP 1575 DI 10.5194/acp-8-1559-2008 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280HN UT WOS:000254416700007 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS Baum, E Doubleday, N Fiore, AM Flanner, M Fridlind, A Garrett, TJ Koch, D Menon, S Shindell, D Stohl, A Warren, SG AF Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Baum, E. Doubleday, N. Fiore, A. M. Flanner, M. Fridlind, A. Garrett, T. J. Koch, D. Menon, S. Shindell, D. Stohl, A. Warren, S. G. TI Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METHANE EMISSION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AEROSOLS; MODELS; TRENDS; TRANSPORT; HAZE; SENSITIVITY AB Several short-lived pollutants known to impact Arctic climate may be contributing to the accelerated rates of warming observed in this region relative to the global annually averaged temperature increase. Here, we present a summary of the short-lived pollutants that impact Arctic climate including methane, tropospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. For each pollutant, we provide a description of the major sources and the mechanism of forcing. We also provide the first seasonally averaged forcing and corresponding temperature response estimates focused specifically on the Arctic. The calculations indicate that the forcings due to black carbon, methane, and tropospheric ozone lead to a positive surface temperature response indicating the need to reduce emissions of these species within and outside the Arctic. Additional aerosol species may also lead to surface warming if the aerosol is coincident with thin, low lying clouds. We suggest strategies for reducing the warming based on current knowledge and discuss directions for future research to address the large remaining uncertainties. C1 [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baum, E.] Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA USA. [Doubleday, N.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Flanner, M.] NCAR, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Fridlind, A.; Koch, D.; Shindell, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Garrett, T. J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Warren, S. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; NR 80 TC 148 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1723 EP 1735 DI 10.5194/acp-8-1723-2008 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280HN UT WOS:000254416700019 ER PT J AU Day, DA Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC AF Day, D. A. Wooldridge, P. J. Cohen, R. C. TI Observations of the effects of temperature on atmospheric HNO3, Sigma ANs, Sigma PNs, and NOx: evidence for a temperature-dependent HOx source SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE PLANTATION; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; RURAL SITE; OZONE PRODUCTION; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; ALKYL NITRATES; MIXING RATIOS; URBAN PLUME; EMISSIONS AB We describe observations of atmospheric reactive nitrogen compounds including NO, NO2, total peroxy nitrates, total alkyl nitrates, and HNO3 and their correlation with temperature. The measurements were made at a rural location 1315 m a.s.l. on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California during summer of 2001. The ratio of HNO3 to its source molecule, NO2, and the ratio of HNO3 to all other higher oxides of nitrogen (NOz) both increase with increasing temperature. Analysis of these increases suggests they are due to a steep increase in OH of between a factor of 2 and 3 over the range 18-32 degrees C. Total peroxy nitrates decrease and total alkyl nitrates increase over the same temperature range. The decrease in the total peroxy nitrates is shown to be much less than expected if the rate of thermal decomposition were the sole important factor. This observation is consistent with the increase in OH inferred from the temperature trends in the HNO3/NO2 ratio. C1 [Day, D. A.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1867 EP 1879 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280HN UT WOS:000254416700028 ER PT J AU van Donkelaar, A Martin, RV Leaitch, WR Macdonald, AM Walker, TW Streets, DG Zhang, Q Dunlea, EJ Jimenez, JL Dibb, JE Huey, LG Weber, R Andreae, MO AF van Donkelaar, A. Martin, R. V. Leaitch, W. R. Macdonald, A. M. Walker, T. W. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Dunlea, E. J. Jimenez, J. L. Dibb, J. E. Huey, L. G. Weber, R. Andreae, M. O. TI Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; REGIONAL AEROSOL; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER VALLEY; NORTH-AMERICA; NOX EMISSIONS; MINERAL DUST AB We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April-May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant, contrary to expectations. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 2 mu g/m(3). We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000-2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800-600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 56% of the measured sulfate between 500-900 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. We find evidence of a 72-85% increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden in spring off the northwest coast of the United States since 1985. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.31 mu g/m(3) (similar to 30%) and account for 50% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.32 mu g/m(3) per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, and suggest current East Asian emissions episodically degrade local air quality by more than 1.5 mu g/m(3). C1 [van Donkelaar, A.; Martin, R. V.; Walker, T. W.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Walker, T. W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Huey, L. G.; Weber, R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Andreae, M. O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, Leipzig, Germany. RP van Donkelaar, A (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM aaron.van.donkelaar@dal.ca RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 78 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 11 BP 2999 EP 3014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314BQ UT WOS:000256784100012 ER PT J AU Farmer, DK Cohen, RC AF Farmer, D. K. Cohen, R. C. TI Observations of HNO3, Sigma AN, Sigma PN and NO2 fluxes: evidence for rapid HOx chemistry within a pine forest canopy SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MULTIFUNCTIONAL ORGANIC NITRATES; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; ACID DRY DEPOSITION; IN-SITU DETECTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NITRIC-ACID; SIERRA-NEVADA; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ALKYL NITRATES AB Measurements of exchange of reactive nitrogen oxides between the atmosphere and a ponderosa pine forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains are reported. During winter, we observe upward fluxes of NO2, and downward fluxes of total peroxy and peroxy acyl nitrates (Sigma PNs), total gas and particle phase alkyl and multifunctional alkyl nitrates (Sigma ANs((g+p))), and the sum of gaseous HNO3 and semi-volatile NO3- particles (HNO3(g+p)). We use calculations of the vertical profile and flux of NO, partially constrained by observations, to show that net midday Sigma NOyi fluxes in winter are -4.9 ppt m s(-1). The signs and magnitudes of these wintertime individual and Sigma NOyi fluxes are in the range of prior measurements. In contrast, during summer, we observe downward fluxes only of Sigma ANs((g+p)), and upward fluxes of HNO3(g+p), Sigma PNs and NO2 with signs and magnitudes that are unlike most, if not all, previous observations and analyses of fluxes of individual nitrogen oxides. The results imply that the mechanisms contributing to NOy fluxes, at least at this site, are much more complex than previously recognized. We show that the observations of upward fluxes of HNO3(g+p) and Sigma PNs during summer are consistent with oxidation of NO2 and acetaldehyde by an OH x residence time of 1.1 x 10(10) molec OH cm(-3) s, corresponding to 3 to 16 x 10(7) molecules cm(-3) OH within the forest canopy for a 420 to 70 s canopy residence time. We show that Sigma AN((g+p)) fluxes are consistent with this range in OH if the reaction of OH with Sigma ANs produces either HNO3 or NO2 with a 6-30% yield. Calculations of NO fluxes constrained by the NO2 observations and the inferred OH indicate that NOx fluxes are downward into the canopy because of the substantial conversion of NOx to HNO3 and Sigma PNs in the canopy. Even so, we derive that NOx emission fluxes of similar to 15 ng(N) m(-2) s(-1) at midday during summer are required to balance the NOx and NOy flux budgets. These fluxes are partly explained by estimates of soil emissions (estimated to be between 3 and 6 ng(N) m(-2) s(-1)). One possibility for the remainder of the NOx source is large HONO emissions. Alternatively, the 15 ng(N) m(-2) s(-1) emission estimate may be too large, and the budget balanced if the deposition of HNO3 and Sigma PNs is slower than we estimate, if there are large errors in either our understanding of peroxy radical chemistry, or our assumptions that the budget is required to balance because the fluxes do not obey similarity theory. C1 [Farmer, D. K.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 109 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 14 BP 3899 EP 3917 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333IP UT WOS:000258146500014 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Wang, T Chameides, WL Cardelino, C Blake, DR Streets, DG AF Zhang, J. Wang, T. Chameides, W. L. Cardelino, C. Blake, D. R. Streets, D. G. TI Source characteristics of volatile organic compounds during high ozone episodes in Hong Kong, Southern China SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PEARL RIVER-DELTA; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AIR-POLLUTION; TRACE GASES; EMISSIONS; URBAN; ATMOSPHERE; SITES AB Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are analyzed to characterize the sources impacting the Hong Kong area. The ratios of different VOC species, m, p-xylenes-to-ethylbenzene, C6H14-to-toluene and p- xylene-to-total xylenes are used for diagnostic analyses. Photochemical age analysis shows that the sources of reactive aromatics, the most important contributor to the photochemical reactivity, do not appear to be preferentially located in downtown Hong Kong. In addition, they do not appear to be dominated by mobile emissions based on the analyses of speciated VOC data from an earlier study, but related to industrial, waterfront, and fuel-storage activities. The ratios, p-xylene-to-total xylenes and dSO(2)/dNO(y), suggest that the anomalously high pollutant concentrations in western Hong Kong in the early morning hours of two episode days appear to have come from transport of urban-type emissions. Comparison of observed ambient ratios of selected VOC and their ratios in the speciated VOC emission inventories for Hong Kong and adjacent Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region gives mixed results. The observed ratio C6H14-to-toluene is consistent with the speciated version of the VOC emission inventory. The ratios of selected alkanes are not. This may be caused by the ;inaccuracies in the inventory and/or the speciation method. C1 [Zhang, J.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, J.; Chameides, W. L.; Cardelino, C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, T.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM jingzhang@bnu.edu.cn RI WANG, Tao/B-9919-2014; OI WANG, Tao/0000-0002-4765-9377; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust; Castle Peak Power Co. Ltd; Environmental Protection Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shell Hong Kong Ltd; Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [PolyU 5144/04E]; NSFC [40775076]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2005CB422207] FX This work was supported by Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, Castle Peak Power Co. Ltd, the Environmental Protection Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and Shell Hong Kong Ltd, through Civic Exchange. We thank Christine Loh and C. S. Kiang for coordinating the Pilot Study Project and Steven Poon for his valuable contribution to field measurement at Tai O. We also gratefully acknowledge Joey Kwok for his assistance in data processing. We are grateful to Chak Chan, Min Shao, and an anonymous reviewer who have provided many valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. We appreciate Douglas Orsini for manuscript proofreading. Additional support to the PolyU team was provided by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Project No. PolyU 5144/04E). Partial financial support to BNU by NSFC (Project No. 40775076) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Project No. 2005CB422207) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 16 BP 4983 EP 4996 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 343OR UT WOS:000258863900034 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Chin, M Dentener, F Doherty, RM Faluvegi, G Fiore, AM Hess, P Koch, DM MacKenzie, IA Sanderson, MG Schultz, MG Schulz, M Stevenson, DS Teich, H Textor, C Wild, O Bergmann, DJ Bey, I Bian, H Cuvelier, C Duncan, BN Folberth, G Horowitz, LW Jonson, J Kaminski, JW Marmer, E Park, R Pringle, KJ Schroeder, S Szopa, S Takemura, T Zeng, G Keating, TJ Zuber, A AF Shindell, D. T. Chin, M. Dentener, F. Doherty, R. M. Faluvegi, G. Fiore, A. M. Hess, P. Koch, D. M. MacKenzie, I. A. Sanderson, M. G. Schultz, M. G. Schulz, M. Stevenson, D. S. Teich, H. Textor, C. Wild, O. Bergmann, D. J. Bey, I. Bian, H. Cuvelier, C. Duncan, B. N. Folberth, G. Horowitz, L. W. Jonson, J. Kaminski, J. W. Marmer, E. Park, R. Pringle, K. J. Schroeder, S. Szopa, S. Takemura, T. Zeng, G. Keating, T. J. Zuber, A. TI A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; AEROSOL; SNOW; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; AEROCOM; OZONE; MODEL AB We examine the response of Arctic gas and aerosol concentrations to perturbations in pollutant emissions from Europe. East and South Asia, and North America using results from a coordinated model intercomparison. These sensitivities to regional emissions (mixing ratio change per unit emission) vary widely across models and species. Intermodel differences are systematic, however, so that the relative importance of different regions is robust. North America contributes the most to Arctic ozone pollution. For aerosols and CO, European emissions dominate at the Arctic surface but East Asian emissions become progressively more important with altitude, and arc dominant in the upper troposphere. Sensitivities show strong seasonality: surface sensitivities typically maximize during boreal winter for European and during spring for East Asian and North American emissions. Mid-tropospheric sensitivities, however, nearly always maximize during spring or summer for all regions. Deposition of black carbon (BC) onto Greenland is most sensitive to North American emissions. North America and Europe each contribute similar to 40% of total BC deposition to Greenland, with similar to 20% from East Asia. Elsewhere in the Arctic, both sensitivity and total BC deposition are dominated by European emissions. Model diversity for aerosols is especially large, resulting primarily from differences in aerosol physical and chemical processing, (including removal). Comparison of modeled aerosol concentrations with observations indicates problems in the models, and perhaps, interpretation of the measurements. For gas phase pollutants such as CO and O-3, which are relatively well-simulated, the processes contributing most to uncertainties depend on the source region and altitude examined. Uncertainties in the Arctic surface CO response to emissions perturbations are dominated by emissions for East Asian sources, while uncertainties in transport, emissions. and oxidation are comparable for European and North American sources. At higher levels. model-to-model variations in transport and oxidation are most important. Differences in photochemistry appear to play the largest role in the intermodel variations in Arctic ozone sensitivity, though transport also contributes substantially in the mid-troposphere. C1 [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dentener, F.; Cuvelier, C.; Marmer, E.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sanderson, M. G.; Pringle, K. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Schultz, M. G.; Schroeder, S.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, Julich, Germany. [Schulz, M.; Textor, C.; Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Bey, I.; Folberth, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Modelisat Chim Atmospher, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Bian, H.; Duncan, B. N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Jonson, J.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Kaminski, J. W.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Park, R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Zeng, G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Environm Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM dshindell@giss.nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Pringle, Kirsty /A-4697-2013; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; OI Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X FU UK Defra [AQ0409]; Joint Defra and MoD [GA01 101, CBC/2B/0417]; Task Force - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution FX We thank the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program for support, and D. Henze for comments. MGS and KJP were funded by the UK Defra under contract AQ0409, and were also supported by the Joint Defra and MoD programme, (Defra) GA01 101 (MoD) CBC/2B/0417-Annex C5. This work was perfomed under the umbrella of the Task Force - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (www.htap.org). NR 31 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 4 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 17 BP 5353 EP 5372 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348PC UT WOS:000259221400019 ER PT J AU Bauer, SE Wright, DL Koch, D Lewis, ER McGraw, R Chang, LS Schwartz, SE Ruedy, R AF Bauer, S. E. Wright, D. L. Koch, D. Lewis, E. R. McGraw, R. Chang, L. -S. Schwartz, S. E. Ruedy, R. TI MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state): an aerosol microphysical module for global atmospheric models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SULFURIC-ACID; NUMERICAL ADVECTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEATION RATES; PARTICLE; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE; SIMULATION; EMISSIONS AB A new aerosol microphysical module MATRIX, the Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state, and its application in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model (ModelE) are described. This module, which is based on the quadrature method of moments (QMOM), represents nucleation, condensation, coagulation, internal and external mixing, and cloud-drop activation and provides aerosol particle mass and number concentration and particle size information for up to 16 mixed-mode aerosol populations. Internal and external mixing among aerosol components sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, dust and sea-salt particles are represented. The solubility of each aerosol population, which is explicitly calculated based on its soluble and insoluble components, enables calculation of the dependence of cloud drop activation on the microphysical characterization of multiple soluble aerosol populations. A detailed model description and results of box-model simulations of various aerosol population configurations are presented. The box model experiments demonstrate the dependence of cloud activating aerosol number concentration on the aerosol population configuration; comparisons to sectional models are quite favorable. MATRIX is incorporated into the GISS climate model and simulations are carried out primarily to assess its performance/efficiency for global-scale atmospheric model application. Simulation results were compared with aircraft and station measurements of aerosol mass and number concentration and particle size to assess the ability of the new method to yield data suitable for such comparison. The model accurately captures the observed size distributions in the Aitken and accumulation modes up to particle diameter 1 mu m, in which sulfate, nitrate, black and organic carbon are predominantly located; however the model underestimates coarse-mode number concentration and size, especially in the marine environment. This is more likely due to oversimplifications of the representation of sea salt emissions - sea salt emissions are only calculated for two size classes - than to inherent limitations of MATRIX. C1 [Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bauer, S. E.; Koch, D.; Ruedy, R.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Wright, D. L.; Lewis, E. R.; McGraw, R.; Chang, L. -S.; Schwartz, S. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ruedy, R.] SSP, New York, NY USA. RP Bauer, SE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sbauer@giss.nasa.gov RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; FU NASA MAP program Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Climate Variability and Change [NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N]; U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has been supported by the NASA MAP program Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Climate Variability and Change (NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N). Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, OBER) under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Observational data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center, the EMEP, IMPROVE and GAW network. We thank Joshua Schwarz for providing the aircraft measured black carbon data sets and his helpful discussions. NR 70 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 20 BP 6003 EP 6035 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 367NK UT WOS:000260558500003 ER PT J AU Wang, J Lee, YN Daum, PH Jayne, J Alexander, ML AF Wang, J. Lee, Y. -N. Daum, P. H. Jayne, J. Alexander, M. L. TI Effects of aerosol organics on cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentration and first indirect aerosol effect SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; MASS-SPECTROMETER; PARTICLES; ACTIVATION; DROPLETS; CLOSURE; CLIMATE; SULFATE; SIZE AB Aerosol microphysics, chemical composition, and CCN properties were measured on the Department of Energy Gulfstream-1 aircraft during the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) conducted over the coastal waters between Point Reyes National Seashore and Monterey Bay, California, in July 2005. Aerosols measured during MASE included free tropospheric aerosols, marine boundary layer aerosols, and aerosols with high organic concentration within a thin layer above the cloud. Closure analysis was carried out for all three types of aerosols by comparing the measured CCN concentrations at similar to 0.2% supersaturation to those predicted based on size distribution and chemical composition using Kohler theory. The effect of aerosol organic species on predicted CCN concentration was examined using a single hygroscopicity parameterization. For aerosols with organics volume fraction up to 70%, such as the marine boundary layer and free troposphere aerosols, CCN concentration and the corresponding first indirect aerosol effect are insensitive to the properties of organics, and can be accurately predicted with a constant hygroscopicity for all organic species. This simplification can facilitate the prediction of indirect aerosol effects using physically-based parameterizations in large scale models. However, for the aerosols within the thin layers above clouds, organics contributed up to 90% of the total aerosol volume, and an accurate knowledge of the overall organic hygroscopicity is required to accurately predict CCN concentrations. Derivations of organic properties in future closure studies, when aerosols are dominated by organic species, would help constrain the descriptions of organics and aerosol-cloud parameterizations in large scale models. C1 [Wang, J.; Lee, Y. -N.; Daum, P. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Alexander, M. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, 75 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 47 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 21 BP 6325 EP 6339 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372UP UT WOS:000260927800001 ER PT J AU Barnard, JC Volkamer, R Kassianov, EI AF Barnard, J. C. Volkamer, R. Kassianov, E. I. TI Estimation of the mass absorption cross section of the organic carbon component of aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; REAL-TIME; MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; CLEAR SKIES; PARTICLES AB Data taken from the MCMA-2003 and the 2006 MILAGRO field campaigns are used to examine the absorption of solar radiation by the organic component of aerosols. Using irradiance data from a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadow-band Radiometer (MFRSR) and an actinic flux spectroradiometer (SR), we derive aerosol single scattering albedo, (omega) over bar (0,lambda), as a function of wavelength, lambda. We find that in the near-UV spectral range (250 to 400 nm) (omega) over bar (0,lambda) is much lower compared to (omega) over bar (0,lambda) at 500 nm indicating enhanced absorption in the near-UV range. Absorption by elemental carbon, dust, or gas cannot account for this enhanced absorption leaving the organic carbon component of the aerosol (OA) as the most likely absorber. We use data from a surface deployed Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) along with the inferred (omega) over bar (0,lambda) to estimate the Mass Absorption Cross section (MAC) for the organic aerosol. We find that the MAC is about 10.5m(2)/g at 300 nm and falls close to zero at about 500 nm; values that are roughly consistent with other estimates of organic aerosol MAC. These MAC values can be considered as " radiatively correct", because when used in radiative transfer calculations, the calculated irradiances/actinic fluxes match those measured at the wavelengths considered here. For an illustrative case study described here, we estimate that the light absorption by the "brown" (organic) carbonaceous aerosol can add about 40% to the light absorption of black carbon in Mexico City. This contribution will vary depending on the relative abundance of organic aerosol relative to black carbon. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that organic aerosol would slow down photochemistry by selectively scavenging the light reaching the ground at those wavelengths that drive photochemical reactions. Finally, satellite retrievals of trace gases that are used to infer emissions currently assume that the MAC of organic carbon is zero. For trace gases that are retrieved using wavelengths shorter then 420 nm (i.e. SO2, HCHO, halogenoxides, NO2), the assumption of non-zero MAC values will induce an upward correction to the inferred emissions. This assumption will be particularly relevant in polluted urban atmospheres and areas of biomass burning where organic aerosols are particularly abundant. C1 [Barnard, J. C.; Kassianov, E. I.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Barnard, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.barnard@pnl.gov RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (ASP) under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy. Rainer Volkamer acknowledges Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a Feodor Lynen Fellowship. Rainer Volkamer thanks Ulrich Platt for making the spectroradiometer available, and Birger Bohn, Claudia Hak, and Jens Bossmeyer for their help with calibrating the instrument at Forschungzentrum Julich, Germany. The authors wish to thank Beat Schmid for his comments regarding this work, Christian Goering for his retrieved optical thicknesses and single scattering albedos from the UV-MFRSR, and Nancy Marley and Jeff Gaffney for the BC measurements. Finally, we thank Nancy Burleigh for her fine editorial job, catching "typos", etc., that we could never find on our own. NR 72 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 22 BP 6665 EP 6679 DI 10.5194/acp-8-6665-2008 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389FP UT WOS:000262077000008 ER PT J AU Drisdell, WS Cappa, CD Smith, JD Saykally, RJ Cohen, RC AF Drisdell, W. S. Cappa, C. D. Smith, J. D. Saykally, R. J. Cohen, R. C. TI Determination of the evaporation coefficient of D2O SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL ACCOMMODATION COEFFICIENTS; LIQUID WATER; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; MASS ACCOMMODATION; VAPOR PRESSURE; DROPLET GROWTH; CONDENSATION; KINETICS AB The evaporation rate of D2O has been determined by Raman thermometry of a droplet train (12-15 mu m diameter) injected into vacuum (similar to 10(-5) torr). The cooling rate measured as a function of time in vacuum was fit to a model that accounts for temperature gradients between the surface and the core of the droplets, yielding an evaporation coefficient (gamma(e)) of 0.57 +/- 0.06. This is nearly identical to that found for H2O (0.62 +/- 0.09) using the same experimental method and model, and indicates the existence of a kinetic barrier to evaporation. The application of a recently developed transition-state theory (TST) model suggests that the kinetic barrier is due to librational and hindered translational motions at the liquid surface, and that the lack of an isotope effect is due to competing energetic and entropic factors. The implications of these results for cloud and aerosol particles in the atmosphere are discussed. C1 [Drisdell, W. S.; Saykally, R. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Drisdell, W. S.; Smith, J. D.; Saykally, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cappa, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 FU NSF [ATM 0639847]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by NSF ATM 0639847 and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. W. S. Drisdell thanks the Berkeley Atmospheric Science Center for a graduate student research fellowship. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 22 BP 6699 EP 6706 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389FP UT WOS:000262077000010 ER PT J AU Nunnermacker, LJ Weinstein-Lloyd, JB Hillery, B Giebel, B Kleinman, LI Springston, SR Daum, PH Gaffney, J Marley, N Huey, G AF Nunnermacker, L. J. Weinstein-Lloyd, J. B. Hillery, B. Giebel, B. Kleinman, L. I. Springston, S. R. Daum, P. H. Gaffney, J. Marley, N. Huey, G. TI Aircraft and ground-based measurements of hydroperoxides during the 2006 MILAGRO field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE PRODUCTION-RATE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MEXICO-CITY; ORGANIC HYDROPEROXIDE; NONENZYMATIC METHOD; SUMMER; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; TROPOSPHERE; EVOLUTION AB Mixing ratios of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide were determined aboard the US Department of Energy G-1 Research Aircraft during the March, 2006 MILAGRO field campaign in Mexico. Ground measurements of total hydroperoxide were made at Tecamac University, about 35 km NW of Mexico City. In the air and on the ground, peroxide mixing ratios near the source region were generally near 1 ppbv. Strong southerly flow resulted in transport of pollutants from Mexico City to two downwind surface sites on several flight days. On these days, it was observed that peroxide concentrations slightly decreased as the G-1 flew progressively downwind. This observation is consistent with low or negative net peroxide production rates calculated for the source region and is due to the very high NOx concentrations in the Mexico City plateau. However, relatively high values of peroxide were observed at takeoff and landing near Veracruz, a site with much higher humidity and lower NOx concentrations. C1 [Nunnermacker, L. J.; Kleinman, L. I.; Springston, S. R.; Daum, P. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Weinstein-Lloyd, J. B.; Hillery, B.] SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Dept Chem Phys, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. [Giebel, B.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Gaffney, J.; Marley, N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Huey, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Nunnermacker, LJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lindan@bnl.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0623859]; US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-05ER63994] FX As always the authors gratefully acknowledge the pilot, co-pilot and flight crew of the DOE G-1 for another safe and successful field program. Thanks also to support and ground personnel in Veracruz, T0, T1 and at T2 for making the overall mission a success, especially Jerome Fast and colleagues for their weather forecasting and transport modeling. And special thanks to Luisa Molina and Sasha Madronich for organizing a comprehensive and successful multi-national field program. Xue Xi Tie at NCAR and Wenfang Lei at MIT graciously supplied us with Eulerian model predictions of H2O2 in Mexico City. We are grateful to Jochen Rudolf for VOC data, and to Liz Alexander and John Ortega for formaldehyde measurements by PTR-MS. Many thanks to the Atmospheric Science program within the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of DOE and to the National Science Foundation for supporting this field work and analysis: US DOE contracts DE-AC02-98CH10886 and DE-FG02-05ER63994 and NSF Grant No. ATM-0623859. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 24 BP 7619 EP 7636 DI 10.5194/acp-8-7619-2008 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YG UT WOS:000262411800023 ER PT J AU Ban-Weiss, GA McLaughlin, JP Harley, RA Lunden, MM Kirchstetter, TW Kean, AJ Strawa, AW Stevenson, ED Kendall, GR AF Ban-Weiss, George A. McLaughlin, John P. Harley, Robert A. Lunden, Melissa M. Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Kean, Andrew J. Strawa, Anthony W. Stevenson, Eric D. Kendall, Gary R. TI Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE motor vehicles; tunnel study; aerosol optical properties; nitrogen oxides; exhaust particulate matter ID CARBON MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE NUMBER; FINE-PARTICLE; DUTY; TUNNEL; IMPACT; AEROSOL; TRUCKS; MODEL AB Gas- and particle-phase pollutants were measured separately for (a) light-duty (LD) vehicles and (b) medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. Measurements were made during summer 2006 at the Caldecott Tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area as part of a continuing campaign to track changes in vehicle emissions over time. When normalized to fuel consumption, NOx emission factors were found to be 3.0 +/- 0.2 and 40 +/- 3 g kg(-1) for LD vehicles and MD/HD diesel trucks, respectively. Corresponding particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factors were 0.07 +/- 0.02 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 g kg(-1). The ratio of particulate black carbon to organic mass (BC/OM) for LD vehicles was 0.71 +/- 0.15. For diesel trucks, BC/OM was 2 +/- 1, indicating that PM2.5 was dominated by BC. Results from 2006 are compared to similar measurements made at the same site in 1997. For LD vehicles, NOx and PM2.5 emission factors decreased by 67 +/- 3 % and 36 +/- 17%, respectively. Corresponding decreases for diesel trucks were 30 +/- 9% for NOx and 48 +/- 12% for PM2.5. The ratio of HD to LD emission factor for NOx increased from 6 +/- 1 to 13 +/- 1 between 1997 and 2006, which indicates an increase in the relative importance of diesel trucks as a source of NOx emissions. The absorption, scattering, and extinction cross-section emission factors parameters relevant to climate change and atmospheric visibility, were an order of magnitude higher for diesel trucks than LD vehicles. Single-scattering albedo, measured at lambda = 675 nm, was 0.31 +/- 0.06 and 0.20 +/- 0.05 for LD vehicle and diesel truck PM emissions, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McLaughlin, John P.; Harley, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ban-Weiss, George A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lunden, Melissa M.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kean, Andrew J.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Mech Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Strawa, Anthony W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Stevenson, Eric D.; Kendall, Gary R.] Tech Serv Div, Bay Area Air Qual Management Dist, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. RP Harley, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM harley@ce.berkeley.edu RI Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016; OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; Ban-Weiss, George/0000-0001-8211-2628 NR 43 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 220 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.049 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261OD UT WOS:000253088300002 ER PT J AU Kirchstetter, TW Agular, J Tonse, S Fairley, D Novakov, T AF Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Agular, Jeffery Tonse, Shaheen Fairley, David Novakov, T. TI Black carbon concentrations and diesel vehicle emission factors derived from coefficient of haze measurements in California: 1967-2003 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE coefficient of haze; black carbon; aethalometer; particulate matter; diesel vehicle; motor vehicle emissions; air quality; air pollution trends ID PARTICULATE MATTER; PATTERNS; TRENDS; AETHALOMETER; ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; INVENTORY; AEROSOLS; ENGINES; OZONE AB We have derived ambient black carbon (BC) concentrations and estimated emission factors for on-road diesel vehicles from archived coefficient of haze (COH) data that was routinely collected beginning in 1967 at 11 locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. COH values are a measure of the attenuation of light by particles collected on a white filter, and available data indicate they are proportional to BC concentrations measured using the conventional aethalometer. Monthly averaged BC concentrations are up to five times greater in winter than summer, and, consequently, so is the population's exposure to BC. The seasonal cycle in BC concentrations is similar for all Bay Area sites, most likely due to area-wide decreased pollutant dispersion during wintertime. A strong weekly cycle is also evident, with weekend concentrations significantly lower than weekday concentrations, consistent with decreased diesel traffic volume on weekends. The weekly cycle suggests that, in the Bay Area, diesel vehicle emissions are the dominant source of BC aerosol. Despite the continuous increase in diesel fuel consumption in California, annual Bay Area average BC concentrations decreased by a factor of similar to 3 from the late 1960s to the early 2000s. Based on estimated annual BC concentrations, on-road diesel fuel consumption, and recent measurements of on-road diesel vehicle BC emissions, diesel BC emission factors decreased by an order of magnitude over the study period. Reductions in the BC emission factor reflect improved engine technology, emission controls and changes in diesel fuel composition. A new BC monitoring network is needed to continue tracking ambient BC trends because the network of COH monitors has been retired. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Agular, Jeffery; Tonse, Shaheen; Novakov, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Fairley, David] Bay Area Air Qual Management Dist, Res & Modeling Div, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Kirchstetter, TW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. EM twkirchstetter@lbl.gov RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; OI Aguiar, Jeffery/0000-0001-6101-4762 NR 44 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 480 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.063 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 264MA UT WOS:000253290300007 ER PT S AU Miller, TJ Romero, EF Schreier, HW Valley, MT AF Miller, Timothy J. Romero, Edward F. Schreier, Hubert W. Valley, Michael T. BE Hammel, SM VanEijk, AMJ Vorontsov, MA TI Application of stereo laser tracking methods for quantifying flight dynamics - II SO ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS: MODELS, MEASUREMENTS, AND TARGET-IN-THE-LOOP PROPAGATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Optics - Models, Measurements, and Target-in-the-Loop Propagation II CY AUG 12-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Digital Image Correlation (DIC); Stereo camera system; Atmospheric turbulence; Atmospheric distortion AB Conventional tracking systems measure time-space-position data and collect imagery to quantify the flight dynamics of tracked targets. A major obstacle that severely impacts the accuracy of the target characterization is atmospheric turbulence induced distortion of the tracking laser beam and imagery degradations. Tracking occurs in a continuously changing atmosphere resulting in rapid variations in the tracking laser beam and distorted imagery. These atmospheric effects, combined with other degradation effects such as measurement system motion, defocus blur, and spatially varying noise, severely limit the viability and accuracy of many tracking and imagery-based analysis methods. In 2007, using a high speed sled test, the feasibility of quantifying night dynamics with stereo laser tracking and multi-video imagery was demonstrated. The technique acquires stereo views (two or more) of a moving test article that has an applied random speckle (dot) pattern painted on the surface to provide unique tracking points. The stereo views are reconciled via coordinate transformations and correlation of the transformed images, The 2007 results demonstrated that dual laser tracker data can be used to update camera calibration data for stereo imaging to extend the image correlation approach to moving field of view applications such as missile tracking and missile performance characterization, e.g., attitude measurements. However, these results were predominantly qualitative in nature, focusing on the degree of correlation. This paper will present quantitative results from 2008 outdoor centrifuge tests and assess the digital image correlation accuracy for time varying attitude and position measurements. C1 [Miller, Timothy J.; Romero, Edward F.; Valley, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjmille@sandia.edu; efromer@sandia.edu; schreier@correlatedsolutions.com; mtvalley@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7310-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7090 AR 709003 DI 10.1117/12.795959 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIT49 UT WOS:000262507900001 ER PT S AU Grubbs, RK Ellis, AR Sanchez, AM Wiwi, M El-Kady, I Bogart, KHK Su, MF Christodoulou, C Taha, M Shir, DL Rogers, JA AF Grubbs, R. K. Ellis, A. R. Sanchez, A. M. Wiwi, M. El-Kady, I. Bogart, K. H. K. Su, M. F. Christodoulou, C. Taha, M. Shir, D. L. Rogers, J. A. BE Londergan, A Bent, SF DeGendt, S Elam, JW Kang, SB VanderStraten, O TI Controlled Synthesis of 3D Nanostructures Using Proximity-Field NanoPatterning Lithography and Graded Temperature ALD SO ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION APPLICATIONS 4 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition Applications held at the 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 13-15, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; PHASE MASKS; GROWTH; NANOFABRICATION AB The combination of Proximity-field nanoPatterning (PnP) and graded temperature ALD has enabled the synthesis of robust three dimensional nanostructures. The PnP process uses a simple elastomeric optical phase mask to generate a complex three dimensional interference pattern in photopolymer(1). Once the photopolymer structure has been obtained, it is subsequently used as a template for graded temperature ALD. The graded temperature ALD chemistry is used to coat and lock-in the designed nanostructure without melting the template. This process generates a thermally robust nanostructure for further, higher temperature, ALD surface treatments. The ALD chemistry is performed at various (increasing) temperatures to secure the nanostructure and to reduce the macroscopic stress of the structure as higher temperature depositions are performed. Three methods for nanostructure characterization have been useful in interrogating these structures: quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), optical interference, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). This paper will cover the fabrication process for generating PnP nanostructures. Details of the graded temperature ALD chemical process for Al(2)O(3) will be covered. Also, structural characterizations using SEM and optical interference will be used to quantify the degree of deposition and the thermal stability of these interesting structures. C1 [Grubbs, R. K.; Ellis, A. R.; Sanchez, A. M.; Wiwi, M.; El-Kady, I.; Bogart, K. H. K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Grubbs, RK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-650-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1149/1.2979991 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BME50 UT WOS:000272018400017 ER PT S AU Semertzidis, YK AF Semertzidis, Yannis K. BE Kuster, M Raffelt, G Beltran, B TI Magnetic and electric dipole moments in storage rings SO AXIONS: THEORY, COSMOLOGY, AND EXPERIMENTAL SEARCHES SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint ILIAS-CERN-CAST Axion Training Workshop CY NOV, 2005 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP ILIAS, CAST HO CERN ID LIMIT; ATOM; MUON AB Electric and magnetic dipole moments of fundamental particles had a large influence in shaping the standard model in the past and continue to play a significant role at present by restricting the many possible expansions of the standard model. In this chapter I describe, in particular, the present status and prospects of the dipole moments in storage rings experiments, in the context of other significant electric and magnetic dipole moment efforts. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Semertzidis, YK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-540-73517-5 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2008 VL 741 BP 97 EP 113 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ44 UT WOS:000253561800006 ER PT S AU Mirizzi, A Raffelt, GG Serpico, PD AF Mirizzi, Alessandro Raffelt, Georg G. Serpico, Pasquale D. BE Kuster, M Raffelt, G Beltran, B TI Photon-axion conversion in intergalactic magnetic fields and cosmological SO AXIONS: THEORY, COSMOLOGY, AND EXPERIMENTAL SEARCHES SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint ILIAS-CERN-CAST Axion Training Workshop CY NOV, 2005 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP ILIAS, CAST HO CERN ID SOLAR AXIONS; SN 1987A; OSCILLATIONS; POLARIZATION; CONSTRAINTS; SUPERNOVAE; TELESCOPE; CONSTANT; GALAXIES; SEARCH AB Photon-axion conversion induced by intergalactic magnetic fields causes an apparent dimming of distant sources, notably of cosmic distance indicators such as supernovae of type Ia (SNe 1a). We review the impact of this mechanism on the luminosity-redshift relation of SNe Ia, on the dispersion of quasar spectra, and on the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. The original idea of explaining the apparent dimming of distant SNe Ia without cosmic acceleration is strongly constrained by these arguments. However, the cosmic equation of state extracted from the SN Ia luminosity-redshift relation remains sensitive to this mechanism. For example, it can mimic phantom energy. C1 [Mirizzi, Alessandro; Raffelt, Georg G.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Serpico, Pasquale D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mirizzi, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. EM raffelt@mppmu.mpg.de; serpico@fnal.gov FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 375]; European Union under the ILIAS project [RII3-CT-2004-506222]; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Ministero dell'Istruzione, Universit`a e Ricerca (MIUR) through the "Astroparticle Physics" research project FX A. Mirizzi and G. Raffelt thank the organizers of the Joint ILIAS CASTCERN Axion Training at CERN for their kind hospitality. In Munich, this work was supported, in part, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant No. SFB 375 and by the European Union under the ILIAS project, contract No. RII3-CT-2004-506222. A. Mirizzi was supported, in part, by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and by the Ministero dellIstruzione, Universit`a e Ricerca (MIUR) through the Astroparticle Physics research project. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-540-73517-5 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2008 VL 741 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-73518-2-7 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ44 UT WOS:000253561800007 ER PT S AU Carosi, G van Bibber, K AF Carosi, Gianpaolo van Bibber, Karl BE Kuster, M Raffelt, G Beltran, B TI Microwave cavity searches SO AXIONS: THEORY, COSMOLOGY, AND EXPERIMENTAL SEARCHES SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint ILIAS-CERN-CAST Axion Training Workshop CY NOV, 2005 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP ILIAS, CAST HO CERN ID COSMIC AXIONS; CP INVARIANCE; DARK-MATTER; HALO AB This chapter will cover the search for dark matter axions based on microwave cavity experiments proposed by Pierre Sikivie. We will start with a brief overview of halo dark matter and the axion as a candidate. The principle of resonant conversion of axions in an external magnetic field will be described as well as practical considerations in optimizing the experiment as a signal-to-noise problem. A major focus of this chapter will be the two complementary strategies for ultra-low noise detection of the microwave photons - the "photon-as-wave" approach (i.e., conventional heterojunction amplifiers and soon to be quantum-limited SQUID devices), and the "photon-as-particle" approach (i.e., Rydberg-atom single-quantum detection). Experimental results will be presented; these experiments have already reached well into the range of sensitivity to exclude plausible axion models, for limited ranges of mass. The chapter will conclude with a discussion of future plans and challenges for the microwave cavity experiment. C1 [Carosi, Gianpaolo; van Bibber, Karl] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carosi, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-540-73517-5 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2008 VL 741 BP 135 EP 156 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ44 UT WOS:000253561800008 ER PT J AU Higdon, D Gattiker, J AF Higdon, Dave Gattiker, James TI Inferring Climate System Properties Using a Computer Model Comment on article by Sanso et al. SO BAYESIAN ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Higdon, Dave] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Gattiker, James] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Higdon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC BAYESIAN ANALYSIS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT STTISTICS, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 1931-6690 J9 BAYESIAN ANAL JI Bayesian Anal. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA V10HJ UT WOS:000207454800002 ER PT S AU Hamada, MS Wilson, AG Reese, CS Martz, HF AF Hamada, Michael S. Wilson, Alyson G. Reese, C. Shane Martz, Harry F. BA Hamada, MS Wilson, AG Reese, CS Martz, HF BF Hamada, MS Wilson, AG Reese, CS Martz, HF TI Reliability Concepts SO BAYESIAN RELIABILITY SE Springer Series in Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FAULT-TREE QUANTIFICATION; NONHOMOGENEOUS POISSON-PROCESS; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION TESTS; BAYESIAN CONFIDENCE LIMITS; TO-FAILURE DISTRIBUTION; SYSTEM AVAILABILITY; EXPONENTIAL-DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLIES; BINOMIAL SUBSYSTEMS AB This chapter introduces the fundamental definitions of reliability and gives examples of common types of reliability data. C1 [Hamada, Michael S.; Wilson, Alyson G.; Martz, Harry F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Reese, C. Shane] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Hamada, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hamada@lanl.gov; agw@lanl.gov; reese@stat.byu.edu; martz@rt66.com NR 0 TC 149 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-7397 BN 978-0-387-77948-5 J9 SPRINGER SER STAT PY 2008 BP 1 EP + D2 10.1007/978-0-387-77950-8 PG 33 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BJN37 UT WOS:000266849400001 ER PT J AU Shabalovskaya, S Anderegg, J Rondelli, G Vanderlindell, W De Feyter, S AF Shabalovskaya, S. Anderegg, J. Rondelli, G. Vanderlindell, W. De Feyter, S. TI Comparative in vitro performances of bare Nitinol surfaces SO BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE NiTi surface topography; roughness; nickel release; fibrinogen; platelets; open circuit potential; thrombogenicity ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ALLOYS; PLATELETS; TITANIUM; PLASMA; STENT; BLOOD; WIRES AB Comparative fibrinogen adsorption and platelet morphology were evaluated on a wide array of well-characterized Nitinol surfaces (polished, chemically etched, boiled in water, electropolished in different electrolytes and heat treated). XPS, SEM, AFM, atomic adsorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry were employed to acquire information on surface chemistry, topography and Ni release. Obtained surfaces, of various topographies and crystallinity from mostly amorphous to nano-crystalline with Ni concentration from 1 to 8%, induced Ni release into biological medium in a subtoxic range (0-11 ng/ml/cm(2)). Fibrinogen adsorption to Nitinol surfaces ranged from that characteristic to pure Ni (130 ng/cm(2)) to pure Ti (300 ng/cm(2)). It was directly proportional to the Ti surface concentration and correlated with open circuit potential related to surface charge. Human platelet morphology varied from round to fully spread depending on surface treatment. Base layer of fully spread cells detected on all surfaces could be even and smooth with no propensity for thrombosis or sticky causing platelet aggregation and thrombus-like structures. Using appropriate surface treatments thrombogenicity of Nitinol can be manipulated to satisfy both the requirements for stents and defect closures. C1 [Shabalovskaya, S.; Vanderlindell, W.; De Feyter, S.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, MMT, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Shabalovskaya, S.; Anderegg, J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Rondelli, G.] CNR, Inst Energy & Interphases, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Shabalovskaya, S (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, MMT, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM svetinol@yahoo.com FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1 R01 HL67632] NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-2989 J9 BIO-MED MATER ENG JI Bio-Med. Mater. Eng. PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 262TI UT WOS:000253170500001 PM 18198402 ER PT S AU Ba, X Meng, Y Huang, Y Kwak, SY Ge, S Qin, Y DiMasi, E Furedi-Milhofer, H Pernodet, N Rafailovich, M AF Ba, X. Meng, Y. Huang, Y. Kwak, S. Y. Ge, S. Qin, Y. DiMasi, E. Fueredi-Milhofer, H. Pernodet, N. Rafailovich, M. BE Daculsi, G Layrolle, P TI In vitro biomineralization induced by self-assembled extracellular matrix proteins SO BIOCERAMICS, VOL 20, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY OCT 24-26, 2007 CL Nantes, FRANCE SP Int Soc Ceram Med DE calcium bicarbonate; calcium phosphate; extracellular matrix (ECM); biomineralization AB Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play an essential role during biomineralization in bone and engineered tissues. In a previous study ([1]), we showed that calcite preferentially nucleated on pure elastin fibers. However, the actual cellular ECM fibers are composed of a combination of proteins, primarily collagen, fibronectin and some elastin. Here we follow the calcium carbonate- and calcium phosphate- mineralization process in vitro when these ECM proteins are combined and determine the differences between these proteins in the biomineralization process. The surface morphology and mechanical properties of the protein fibers during the early stages were probed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and shear modulation force microscopy (SMFM). The nucleation of the mineral crystals on the protein matrices was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Preliminary data showed that the moduli of all protein fibers increased at the early stages, with collagen having the largest increase in supersaturated calcium bicarbonate solution. In metastable calcium phosphate solutions the modulus of the mixed elastin-fibronectin fibres increased to a greater extent than the moduli of the fibers composed of the single proteins. Longer exposure in the mineral solutions led to the formation of crystals templated along the self-assembled fiber structures. C1 [Ba, X.; Ge, S.; Pernodet, N.; Rafailovich, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Meng, Y.; Qin, Y.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 13902 USA. [Kwak, S. Y.; DiMasi, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fueredi-Milhofer, H.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Ba, X (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM xba@ic.sunysb.edu; ymeng@sunysb.edu; xxliange1517xx@yahoo.com; skwak@forsyth.org; shoge@ms.cc.sunysb.edu; Yi-Xiian.Qin@sunysb.edu; dimasi@bnl.gov; helga@vms.huji.ac.il; npernodet@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; miriam.rafailovich@sunysb.edu FU NIH; DOD; MRSEC FX This work is kindly supported by NIH, DOD and MRSEC. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2008 VL 361-363 BP 427 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA BHJ11 UT WOS:000253480200106 ER PT S AU McIntyre, TM Snyder, F Marathe, GK AF McIntyre, Thomas M. Snyder, Fred Marathe, Gopal K. BE Vance, DE Vance, JE TI Ether-linked lipids and their bioactive species SO BIOCHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS AND MEMBRANES, 5TH EDITION SE New Comprehensive Biochemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR; ALKYL-DIHYDROXYACETONEPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PLASMALOGENS; CELLS; ACYLTRANSFERASE; IDENTIFICATION; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; BIOGENESIS; CLONING C1 [McIntyre, Thomas M.; Marathe, Gopal K.] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Snyder, Fred] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McIntyre, TM (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7306 BN 978-0-08-055988-9 J9 N COMP BIOC PY 2008 BP 245 EP 276 DI 10.1016/B978-044453219-0.50011-8 PG 32 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCS36 UT WOS:000311274100010 ER PT J AU Costello, AL Alam, TM AF Costello, Alison L. Alam, Todd M. TI Using P-31 MAS NMR to monitor a gel phase thermal disorder transition in sphingomyelin/cholesterol bilayers SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance; sphingomyelin bilayer; magic-angle spinning; phase transition; cholesterol; gel phase ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; N-STEAROYL SPHINGOMYELIN; LATERAL DIFFUSION; LIPID-BILAYERS; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BILAYERS; THERMOTROPIC BEHAVIOR; ACYL SPHINGOMYELINS; MEMBRANE DOMAINS AB The impact of low cholesterol concentrations on an egg sphingomyelin bilayer is investigated using P-31 magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The magnitude of the isotropic P-31 MAS NMR line width is used to monitor the main gel to liquid crystalline phase transition, along with a unique gel phase pretransition. In addition, the P-31 chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and spin-spin relaxation times (T-2), along with the effects of spinning speed, proton decoupling and magnetic field strength, are reported. The variation of this unique gel phase thermal pretransition with the inclusion of 5 through 21 mol% cholesterol is presented and discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Costello, Alison L.; Alam, Todd M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanostruct & Elect Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanostruct & Elect Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 1778 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.08.031 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 264ES UT WOS:000253269500011 PM 17942070 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TS Weers, PMM Raussens, V Wang, Z Ren, G Sulchek, T Hoeprich, PD Ryan, RO AF Nguyen, Thanh-Son Weers, Paul M. M. Raussens, Vincent Wang, Zhen Ren, Gang Sulchek, Todd Hoeprich, Paul D., Jr. Ryan, Robert O. TI Amphotericin B induces interdigitation of apolipoprotein stabilized nanodisk bilayers SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE amphotericin 13; membrane; nanodisk; interdigitation; atomic force microscopy; infrared spectroscopy ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; A-I; LINEAR DICHROISM; LIPID-MEMBRANES; COMPLEXES; BINDING; MODEL; DRUG AB Amphotericin B nanodisks (AMB-ND) are ternary complexes of AMB, phospholipid and apolipoprotein organized as discrete nanometer scale disk-shaped bilayers. In gel filtration chromatography experiments, empty ND lacking AMB elute as a single population of particles with a molecular weight in the range of 200 kDa. AMB-ND formulated at a 4:1 phospholipid:AMB weight ratio separated into two peaks. One peak eluted at the position of control ND lacking AMB while the second peak, containing all of the AMB present in the original sample, eluted in the void volume. When ND prepared with increased AMB were subjected to gel filtration chromatography an increased proportion of phospholipid and apolipoprotein was recovered in the void volume with AMB. Native gradient gel electrophoresis corroborated the gel filtration chromatography data and electron microscopy studies revealed an AMB concentration-dependent heterogeneity in ND particle size. Stability studies revealed that introduction of AMB into ND decreases the ability of apoA-I to resist denaturation. Atomic force microscopy experiments showed that AMB induces compression of ND bilayer thickness while infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the presence of AMB does not induce extreme lipid disorder or alter the mean angle of the molecular axis along fatty acyl chains of ND phospholipids. Taken together the results are consistent with AMB-induced bilayer interdigitation, a phenomenon that likely contributes to AMB-dependent pore formation in susceptible membranes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nguyen, Thanh-Son; Ryan, Robert O.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Ctr Prevent Obes Diabet & Cardiovasc Dis, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Weers, Paul M. M.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Raussens, Vincent] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Ctr Struct Biol & Bioinformat, Lab Struct & Funct Biol Membranes, Brussels, Belgium. [Wang, Zhen; Ren, Gang] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Sulchek, Todd; Hoeprich, Paul D., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryan, RO (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Ctr Prevent Obes Diabet & Cardiovasc Dis, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM rryan@chori.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI062541-01, R01 AI061354-01A2, R21 AI062541, R01 AI061354, AI-162541, AI-061354]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM063119, GM-063119] NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 1778 IS 1 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.10.005 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 264ES UT WOS:000253269500032 PM 17980702 ER PT J AU Romanini, DW Francis, MB AF Romanini, Dante W. Francis, Matthew B. TI Attachment of peptide building blocks to proteins through tyrosine bioconjugation SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; STAUDINGER LIGATION; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; TAT PROTEIN; COMPLEXES; FRAGMENTS; STRATEGY AB Recent efforts have yielded a number of short peptide sequences with useful binding, sensing, and cellular uptake properties. In order to attach these sequences to tyrosine residues on intact proteins, a three-component Mannich-type strategy is reported. Two solid phase synthetic routes were developed to access peptides up to 20 residues in length with anilines at either the N- or C-termini. In the presence of 20 mM formaldehyde, these functional groups were coupled to tyrosine residues on proteins under mild reaction conditions. The identities of the resulting bioconjugates were confirmed using mass spectrometry and immunoblot analysis. Screening experiments have demonstrated that the method is compatible with substrates containing all of the amino acids, including lysine and cysteine residues. Importantly, tyrosine residues on proteins exhibit much faster reaction rates, allowing short peptides containing this residue to be coupled without cross reactions. C1 [Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Romanini, Dante W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM072700-01] NR 25 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1021/bc700231v PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 253LS UT WOS:000252520300021 PM 18069779 ER PT J AU Seibert, M King, PW Posewitz, MC Melis, A Ghirardi, ML AF Seibert, Michael King, Paul W. Posewitz, Matthew C. Melis, Anastasios Ghirardi, Maria L. BE Wall, JD Harwood, CS Demain, A TI Photosynthetic Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Production SO BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM HYDROGENASE; HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL ANTENNA; PYRUVATE FORMATE-LYASE; N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; MARINE GREEN-ALGA; ACTIVE-SITE; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS C1 [Seibert, Michael; King, Paul W.; Ghirardi, Maria L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Posewitz, Matthew C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Melis, Anastasios] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 193 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-478-6 PY 2008 BP 273 EP 291 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Microbiology GA BPH82 UT WOS:000278888100023 ER PT J AU Lykidis, A Ivanova, N AF Lykidis, Athanasios Ivanova, Natalia BE Wall, JD Harwood, CS Demain, A TI Genomic Prospecting for Microbial Biodiesel Production SO BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; FATTY-ACID SYNTHESIS; ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN; COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; SEED OIL CONTENT; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MEMBRANE-LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FADR; GROWTH-RATE REGULATION; SYNTHASE GENES FAS1 C1 [Lykidis, Athanasios; Ivanova, Natalia] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Genome Biol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Lykidis, A (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Genome Biol Program, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 99 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-478-6 PY 2008 BP 407 EP 418 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Microbiology GA BPH82 UT WOS:000278888100032 ER PT S AU Shanklin, J AF Shanklin, John BE Bohnert, HJ Nguyen, H Lewis, NG TI Enzyme Engineering SO BIOENGINEERING AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT PATHWAYS SE Advances in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Enzyme engineering; Directed evolution; Enzyme evolution; Rational design; Sequence space; Variant enzyme; Fitness landscape; Gene shuffling ID IN-VITRO RECOMBINATION; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; SATURATION MUTAGENESIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; METABOLIC NETWORKS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PROTEIN DESIGN; ARABIDOPSIS; DESATURASE AB Enzymes perform the biochemical transformations that direct metabolite flow through metabolic pathways of living cells. Metabolic engineering is made possible via genetic transformation of plants with genes encoding enzymes that selectively divert fixed carbon into desired forms. Genes encoding these enzymes may be identified from natural sources or may be variants of naturally occurring enzymes that have been tailored for specific functionality. The evolution of novel enzyme activities in natural systems provides a context for discussing laboratory-directed enzyme engineering. This process, also called directed evolution, facilitates the expansion of enzyme function beyond the range identified in nature, by altering factors such as substrate specificity, regioselectivity and enantioselectivity. Changes in kinetic parameters such as k(cat), K-m and k(cat)/K-m can also be achieved. Key steps in this process are described, including the selection of starting genes, methods for introducing variability, the choice of a heterologous expression system, ways to identify improved variants, and methods for combining improved variants to achieve the desired activity. Introduction of appropriately engineered proteins into plants has great potential not only for metabolic engineering of desired storage compounds but also for enhancement of productivity by improving resistance to pathogens or abiotic stresses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 1755-0408 BN 978-0-08-055696-3 J9 ADV PL BIOCH MOL BIO PY 2008 VL 1 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S1755-0408(07)01002-8 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BCK38 UT WOS:000310447700005 ER PT J AU Hammes, K Torn, MS Lapenas, AG Schmidt, MWI AF Hammes, K. Torn, M. S. Lapenas, A. G. Schmidt, M. W. I. TI Centennial black carbon turnover observed in a Russian steppe soil SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; PYROGENIC CARBON; TEMPERATE SOILS; MATTER; STABILIZATION; MECHANISMS; NITROGEN AB Black carbon (BC), from incomplete combustion of fuels and biomass, has been considered highly recalcitrant and a substantial sink for carbon dioxide. Recent studies have shown that BC can be degraded in soils. We use two soils with very low spatial variability sampled 100 years apart in a Russian steppe preserve to generate the first whole-profile estimate of BC stocks and turnover in the field. Quantities of fire residues in soil changed significantly over a century. Black carbon stock was 2.5 kg m(-2), or about 7-10% of total organic C in 1900. With cessation of biomass burning, BC stocks decreased 25% over a century, which translates into a centennial soil BC turnover (293 years best estimate; range 182-541 years), much faster than so-called inert or passive carbon in ecosystem models. The turnover time presented here is for loss by all processes, namely decomposition, leaching, and erosion, although the latter two were probably insignificant in this case. Notably, at both time points, the peak BC stock was below 30 cm, a depth interval, which is not typically accounted for. Also, the quality of the fire residues changed with time, as indicated by the use benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCA) as molecular markers. The proportions of less-condensed (and thus more easily degradable) BC structures decreased, whereas the highly condensed (and more recalcitrant) BC structures survived unchanged over the 100-year period. Our results show that BC cannot be assumed chemically recalcitrant in all soils, and other explanations for very old soil carbon are needed. C1 [Hammes, K.; Schmidt, M. W. I.] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Soil Biogeochem Grp, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Torn, M. S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lapenas, A. G.] SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Schmidt, MWI (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Soil Biogeochem Grp, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM michael.schmidt@geo.uzh.ch RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Schmidt, Michael/G-5186-2012 OI Schmidt, Michael/0000-0002-7227-0646 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A. Lapenas was funded by the NSF Ecosystem Studies Program and K. Hammes by the University of Zurich and received a stipend through the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Fieldwork was supported by E. Eckmeier. Technical assistance was provided by B. Kaegi and M. Hilf (University of Zurich) and C. Castanha and F. Hopkins (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). NR 55 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2008 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1339 EP 1350 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 360LT UT WOS:000260059700011 ER PT S AU Arnold, N Fridman, T Day, RM Gorin, AA AF Arnold, Nikita Fridman, Tema Day, Robert M. Gorin, Andrey A. BE Mandoiu, I Sunderraman, R Zelikovsky, A TI Invited keynote talk: Computing P-values for peptide identifications in mass spectrometry SO BIOINFORMATICS RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Bioinformatics Research and Applications CY MAY 06-09, 2008 CL Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA HO Georgia State Univ DE mass-spectrometry; database search; confidence values ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATIONS; SEQUENCE DATABASES; STATISTICAL-MODEL; SEARCH STRATEGY; PROTEOMICS; ACCURACY; MS/MS AB Mass-spectrometry (MS) is a powerful experimental technology for.. sequencing" proteins in complex biological mixtures. Computational methods are essential for the interpretation of MS data, and a number of theoretical questions remain unresolved due to intrinsic complexity of the related algorithms. Here we design an analytical approach to estimate the confidence values of peptide identification in so-called database search methods. The approach explores properties of mass tags - sequences of mass values (m(1) m(2) ... m(n)), where individual mass values are distances between spectral lines. We define p-function - the probability of finding a random match between any given tag and a protein database - and verify the concept with extensive tag search experiments. We then discuss p-function properties, its applications for finding highly reliable matches in MS experiments, and a possibility to analytically evaluate properties of SEQUEST X-correlation function. C1 [Arnold, Nikita; Fridman, Tema; Day, Robert M.; Gorin, Andrey A.] Computat Biol Inst, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Arnold, N (reprint author), Computat Biol Inst, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Arnold, Nikita/C-7790-2013; Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 OI Arnold, Nikita/0000-0003-3673-1772; NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-79449-3 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT PY 2008 VL 4983 BP 100 EP 109 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHS35 UT WOS:000255941000009 ER PT S AU Blankenship, RE Raymond, J Staples, C Mukhopadhyay, B AF Blankenship, R. E. Raymond, J. Staples, C. Mukhopadhyay, B. BE Dakora, FD Chimphango, SBM Valentine, AJ Elmerich, C Newton, WE TI EVOLUTION OF FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY IN NITROGENASE HOMOLOGS SO BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION: TOWARDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 15th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation/12 International Conference of the African-Association-for-Biological-Nitrogen-Fixation CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, UNESCO, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Pretoria, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, Dept Sci & Technol, PlantBio, Acad Sci S Africa, S African Airlines ID FIXATION C1 [Blankenship, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Raymond, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Staples, C.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ USA. [Mukhopadhyay, B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Dept Biochem & Biol, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Blankenship, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-1949 BN 978-1-4020-8251-1 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT JI Curr. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. Agric. PY 2008 VL 42 BP 305 EP + PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BIJ18 UT WOS:000259994700121 ER PT S AU Peters, JW Sarma, R Mulder, DW Tsuruta, H Szilagyi, RK Seefeldt, LC AF Peters, J. W. Sarma, R. Mulder, D. W. Tsuruta, H. Szilagyi, R. K. Seefeldt, L. C. BE Dakora, FD Chimphango, SBM Valentine, AJ Elmerich, C Newton, WE TI THE ROLE OF IRON PROTEIN-NUCLEOTIDE INTERACTION AND CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE IN NITROGENASE CATALYSIS SO BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION: TOWARDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 15th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation/12 International Conference of the African-Association-for-Biological-Nitrogen-Fixation CY JAN 21-26, 2007 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, UNESCO, Tech Ctr Agr & Rural Cooperat, Pretoria, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, Dept Sci & Technol, PlantBio, Acad Sci S Africa, S African Airlines ID MGATP; STATE C1 [Peters, J. W.; Sarma, R.; Mulder, D. W.; Szilagyi, R. K.] Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Tsuruta, H.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Seefeldt, L. C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Peters, JW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. OI Szilagyi, Robert/0000-0002-9314-6222; Peters, John/0000-0001-9117-9568 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-1949 BN 978-1-4020-8251-1 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT JI Curr. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. Agric. PY 2008 VL 42 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BIJ18 UT WOS:000259994700130 ER PT J AU Xu, MG You, Y Hunsicker, P Hori, T Small, C Griswold, M Hecht, N AF Xu, Mingang You, Yun Hunsicker, Patricia Hori, Tamaki Small, Chris Griswold, Michael Hecht, Norman TI Mice deficient for a small cluster of piRNAs implicate piRNAs in transposon control SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 368 BP 140 EP 141 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300344 ER PT J AU Cloud, J Brown, K Schultz, I Nagler, J AF Cloud, Joseph Brown, Kim Schultz, Irvin Nagler, James TI Male rainbow trout exposed in vivo to the environmental estrogen 17 alpha ethynylestradiol produce aneuploid offspring SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Congress on Reproductive Biology CY MAY 24-25, 2008 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod, Australian Soc Reprod Biol, United Kingdom Soc Reprod & Fertil, Japanese Soc Anim Reprod C1 Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 111 BP 310 EP 310 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300858 ER PT J AU Marner, WD Shaikh, AS Muller, SJ Keasling, JD AF Marner, Wesley D., II Shaikh, Afshan S. Muller, Susan J. Keasling, Jay D. TI Morphology of artificial silica matrices formed via autosilification of a silaffin/protein polymer chimera SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SELF-COMPLEMENTARY OLIGOPEPTIDE; NONPOLAR RESIDUES; PHASE-SEPARATION; DIATOM BIOSILICA; BIOMATERIAL; PEPTIDES; COLLAGEN; MORPHOGENESIS; POLYAMINES; SCAFFOLDS AB Protein polymers (long-chain proteins in which a specific amino acid sequence "monomer" is repeated through the molecule) are found widely in nature, and these materials exhibit a diverse array of physical properties. One class of self-as.sembling proteins is hydrophobic-polar (HP) protein polymers capable of self-assembly under the appropriate solution conditions. We generated a chimeric protein consisting of an HP protein polymer monomer unit, EAK(1) (sequence n-AEAEAKAKAEAEAKAK-c), and a silaffin peptide, R5 (sequence: n-SSKKSGSYSG-SKGSKRRIL-c). First identified in diatoms, silaffins represent a class of proteins and peptides capable of directing silica precipitation in vitro at neutral pH and ambient temperatures. The EAK(1)-R5 chimera demonstrated self-assembly into hydrogels and the ability to direct silica precipitation in vitro. This chimera is capable of generating silica morphologies and feature sizes significantly different from those achievable with the R5 peptide alone, indicating that fusions of silaffins with self-assembling proteins may be a route to controlling the morphology of artificially produced silica matrices. C1 [Marner, Wesley D., II; Shaikh, Afshan S.; Muller, Susan J.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Lawrence Berkely Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Synthet Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008352] NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1021/bm701131x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 251ZW UT WOS:000252415600001 PM 18092760 ER PT J AU Lins, RD Vorpagel, ER Guglielmi, M Straatsma, TP AF Lins, Roberto D. Vorpagel, Erich R. Guglielmi, Matteo Straatsma, T. P. TI Computer simulation of uranyl uptake by the rough lipopolysaccharide membrane of pseudomonas aeruginosa SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; METAL ADSORPTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FREE-ENERGY; URANIUM(VI) COMPLEXES; BACTERIAL SURFACES; IONIC HYDRATION; WATER EXCHANGE AB Heavy metal environmental contaminants cannot be destroyed but require containment, preferably in concentrated form, in a solid or immobile form for recycling or final disposal. Microorganisms are able to take up and deposit high levels of contaminant metals, including radioactive metals such as uranium and plutonium, into their cell wall. Consequently, these microbial systems are of great interest as the basis for potential environmental bioremediation technologies. The outer membranes of Gram-negative microbes are highly nonsymmetric and exhibit a significant electrostatic potential gradient across the membrane. This gradient has a significant effect on the uptake and transport of charged and dipolar compounds. However, the effectiveness of microbial systems for environmental remediation will depend strongly on specific properties that determine the uptake of targeted contaminants by a particular cell wall. To aid in the design of microbial remediation technologies, knowledge of the factors that determine the affinity of a particular bacterial outer membrane for the most common ionic species found in contaminated soils and groundwater is of great importance. Using our previously developed model for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this work presents the potentials of mean force as the estimate of the free energy profile for uptake of sodium, calcium, chloride, uranyl ions, and a water molecule by the bacterial LPS membrane. A compatible classical parameter set for uranyl has been developed and validated. Results show that the uptake of uranyl is energetically a favorable process relative to the other ions studied. At neutral pH, this nuclide is shown to be retained on the surface of the LPS membrane through chelation with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups located in the outer core. C1 [Lins, Roberto D.; Straatsma, T. P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Vorpagel, Erich R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Guglielmi, Matteo] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Computat Lab, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Lins, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roberto.lins@pnl.gov RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1021/bm700609r PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 251ZW UT WOS:000252415600006 PM 18067253 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Wang, GN Zou, L Tang, LP Marquez, M Hu, ZB AF Zhou, Jun Wang, Guonan Zou, Ling Tang, Liping Marquez, Manuel Hu, Zhibing TI Viscoelastic behavior and in vivo release study of microgel dispersions with inverse thermoreversible gelation SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; POLYMER NETWORKS; TEMPERATURE; CHITOSAN; GELS; POLYSACCHARIDES; RHEOLOGY AB The dispersion of microgels with two interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) (PNIPAM-IPN-PAAc) has been studied for its viscoelastic behavior, biocompatibility, and in vivo release properties. The IPN microgels in water had an average hydrodynamic radius of about 85 nm at 21 degrees C, measured by dynamic light scattering method. The atomic force microscope image showed that the particles were much smaller after they were dried but remained spherical shape. The storage and loss moduli (G' and G") of dispersions of IPN microgels were measured in the linear stress regime as functions of temperature and frequency at various polymer concentrations using a stress-controlled rheometer. For dispersions with polymer concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 wt % above 33 degrees C, the samples behave as viscoelastic solids and the storage modulus was larger than the loss modulus over the entire frequency range. The loss tangent was measured at various frequencies as a function of temperature. The gelation temperature was determined to be 33 degrees C at the point where a frequency-independent value of the loss tangent was first observed. At pH 2.5, when heated above the gelation temperature, IPN microgels flocculate by pumping a large amount of water from the gel. When the pH value was adjusted to neutral, deprotonation of -COOH groups on PAAc made the microgel keep water even above the gelation temperature. Using an animal implantation model, the biocompatibility and drug release proper-ties of the IPN trucrogel dispersion were evaluated. Fluorescein as a model drug was mixed into an aqueous microgel dispersion at ambient temperature. This drug-loaded liquid was then injected subcutaneously in Balb/C mice from Taconic Farms. The test results have shown that the IPN microgels did not adversely promote foreign body reactions in this acute implantation model and the presence of gelled microgel dispersion substantially slowed the release of fluorescein. C1 [Zhou, Jun; Wang, Guonan; Hu, Zhibing] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Zhou, Jun; Wang, Guonan; Hu, Zhibing] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Zou, Ling; Tang, Liping] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Bioengn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, ZB (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, POB 311427, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM zbhu@unt.edu RI Zhou, Jun/H-3484-2013 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB007271, R01 EB007271-01A2]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074021, R01 GM074021] NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1021/bm700918d PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 251ZW UT WOS:000252415600021 PM 18067257 ER PT B AU Muller, M Ulrich, TJ Talmant, M Mitton, D Laugier, P Johnson, PA AF Muller, Marie Ulrich, Timothy J. Talmant, Maryline Mitton, David Laugier, Pascal Johnson, Paul A. BE AlJumaily, A Fatemi, M TI APPLICATION OF NON-LINEAR ELASTIC WAVE SPECTROSCOPY (NEWS) TO IN VITRO DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN CORTICAL BONE SO BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS FOR IMAGING AND CHARACTERISATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIBRATION TESTING INSITU; ULNAR RESONANT FREQUENCY; DISCERN MATERIAL DAMAGE; QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND; FATIGUE DAMAGE; COMPACT-BONE; PROPAGATION ANALYSIS; VIVO DETERMINATION; TIBIAL STIFFNESS; MINERAL DENSITY AB This chapter reviews recent experimental findings applying non-linear dynamical techniques, termed non-linear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS), to infer progressive mechanical damage in human bone, in vitro. Standard measures of bone mechanical properties are compared where possible, including the quasi-statically derived stiffness and hysteresis. The goal is to explore whether or not the methods can ultimately be applied in vivo, for applications such as diagnosing and monitoring the progression of osteoporosis, as well as bone healing. It is shown that the NEWS methods are extremely sensitive to progressive damage, far more so than the other methods applied. The results are promising, and current discussion involves how to conduct similar experiments in vivo. C1 [Muller, Marie; Talmant, Maryline; Laugier, Pascal] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7623, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75006 Paris, France. [Ulrich, Timothy J.; Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Mitton, David] ENSAM, CNRS, Lab Biomecan, F-750013 Paris, France. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7623, Lab Imagerie Parametr, 15 Rue Ecole Med, F-75006 Paris, France. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-0273-1 PY 2008 BP 253 EP 273 DI 10.1115/1.802731.ch13 D2 10.1115/1.802731 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BGV40 UT WOS:000324279600013 ER PT J AU Caparelli, EC Tomasi, D AF Caparelli, E. C. Tomasi, D. TI k-Space spatial low-pass filters can increase signal loss artifacts in echo-planar imaging SO BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE EPI-GRE; Signal loss; k-Space; Spatial low-pass filter ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS; SENSORY STIMULATION; FIELD GRADIENTS; VISUAL-CORTEX; 1.5 T; FMRI; EPI; ACTIVATION; CONTRAST; NOISE AB Effective transverse relaxation rate (T(2)*)-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) is extensively used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), because of its high speed and good sensitivity to the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Nevertheless. its use is limited in areas with severe static magnetic field inhomogeneities that cause frequency shifts and T(2)* relaxation-related distortions of the MR signal along the time-domain (k-space) trajectory, resulting in disperse fine-domain signals and generating susceptibility-induced signal losses. Echo planar images are commonly smoothed with k-space spatial low-pass filters to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce reconstruction artifacts. Here, we show that when such filters are applied to the dispersed echo-signals (not perfectly centered in k-space), part of the image information from the object is removed, thereby enhancing signal-loss artifacts in the images. To avoid this artifact, the dispersed echo signal has to be refocused before k-space filtering. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Caparelli, E. C.; Tomasi, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Caparelli, EC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM caparelli@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU DOE; NIH [GCRC 5-M01-RR-10710]; NIDA [R03 DA 017070-01] FX This work was supported by grants from the DOE (OBER), NIH (GCRC 5-M01-RR-10710) and NIDA (R03 DA 017070-01). NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1746-8094 J9 BIOMED SIGNAL PROCES JI Biomed. Signal Process. Control PD JAN PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.bspc.2007.11.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 399RA UT WOS:000262815800010 PM 19122745 ER PT B AU Goldberg, S Criscenti, LJ AF Goldberg, S. Criscenti, L. J. BE Violante, A Huang, PM Gadd, GM TI MODELING ADSORPTION OF METALS AND METALLOIDS BY SOIL COMPONENTS SO BIOPHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF HEAVY METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS SE Wiley-IUPAC Series in Biophysico-Chemical Processes in Environmental Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; CHROMATE RETENTION MECHANISMS; AMORPHOUS IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; INITIO MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES C1 [Goldberg, S.] USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Criscenti, L. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov; ljcrisc@sandia.gov NR 166 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-0-470-17548-4; 978-0-471-73778-0 J9 WILEY-IUPAC SER BIOP PY 2008 BP 215 EP 264 PG 50 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BCJ18 UT WOS:000310275800008 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AR AF Mitchell, Alexander R. TI Invited Review: Bruce Merrifield and solid-phase peptide synthesis: A historical assessment SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Review DE Bruce Merrifield; solid-phase peptide synthesis; peptide synthesis ID CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GLUCAGON; ENZYME; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES; BRADYKININ; CHEMISTRY; PROTEINS; SUPPORT AB Bruce Merrifield, trained as a biochemist, had to address three major challenges related to the development and acceptance of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The challenges were (1) to reduce the concept of peptide synthesis on a insoluble support to practice, (2) overcome the resistance of synthetic chemists to this novel approach, and (3) establish that a biochemist had the scientific credentials to effect the proposed revolutionary change in chemical synthesis. How these challenges were met is discussed in this article. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 175-184, 2008. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mitchell, AR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mitchell4@llnl.gov NR 59 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1002/bip.20925 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 295AZ UT WOS:000255448700004 PM 18213693 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AR AF Mitchell, Alexander R. TI Studies in solid-phase peptide synthesis: A personal perspective SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE solid-phase peptide synthesis; SPPS; side reactions; amino acid insertions; N-alpha-trifluoroacetylation; N-alpha epsilon-alkylation; coupling efficiency in SPPS; deletion sequences; PAM-resin ID L-AMINO-ACIDS; PROTECTING GROUPS; CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; N-ALKYLATION; MONO-ESTERS; GLUCAGON; SUPPORT; POLYPEPTIDES AB By the early 1970s it had became apparent that the solid-phase synthesis of ribonuclease A could not be generalized. Consequently, virtually every aspect of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was reexamined and improved during the decade of the 1970s. The sensitive detection and elimination of possible side reactions (amino acid insertion, N-alpha-trifluoroacetylation, N-alpha epsilon-alkylation) were examined. The quantitation of coupling efficiency in SPPS as a function of chain length was studied. A new and improved support for SPPS, the "PAM-resin," was prepared and evaluated. These and many other studies from the Merrifield laboratory and elsewhere increased the general acceptance of SPPS leading to the 1984 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Bruce Merrifield. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 215-233, 2008. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mitchell, AR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, 7000 E Ave,L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mitchell4@llnl.gov NR 88 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 215 EP 233 DI 10.1002/bip-20812 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 295AZ UT WOS:000255448700013 PM 17647279 ER PT J AU Camarero, JA AF Camarero, Julio A. TI Recent developments in the site-specific immobilization of proteins onto solid supports SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Review DE protein splicing; protein alpha-thioester; expressed protein ligation; native chemical ligation; protein micro-arrays; chemoselective ligation; "click" chemistry; Staudinger ligation; site-specific protein derivatization ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CELL-SURFACE-PROTEINS; STAUDINGER LIGATION; SELECTIVE IMMOBILIZATION; ANTIBODY ARRAYS; FUSION PROTEINS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO; MICROARRAYS AB Immobilization of proteins onto surfaces is of great importance in numerous applications, including protein analysis, drug screening, and medical diagnostics, among others. The success of all these technologies relies on the immobilization technique employed to attach a protein to the corresponding surface. Non-specific physical adsorption or chemical cross-linking with appropriate surfaces results in the immobilization of the protein in random orientations. Site-specific covalent attachment, on the other hand, leads to molecules being arranged in a definite, orderly fashion and allows the use of spacers and linkers to help minimize steric hindrances between the protein and the surface. The present work reviews the latest chemical and biochemical developments for the site-specific covalent attachment of proteins onto solid supports. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Camarero, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, 7000 East Ave,L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM camarerol@llnl.gov RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 84 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 55 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1002/bip.20803 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 295AZ UT WOS:000255448700042 PM 17618518 ER PT J AU Zhao, R Massoudi, M Hund, SJ Kameneva, MV Antaki, JF AF Zhao, R. Massoudi, M. Hund, S. J. Kameneva, M. V. Antaki, J. F. TI Experimental and theoretical investigation of blood microflow dynamics associated with blood contacting devices SO BIORHEOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhao, R.; Hund, S. J.; Antaki, J. F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Massoudi, M.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kameneva, M. V.; Antaki, J. F.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kameneva, M. V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RI Antaki, James/S-3051-2016 OI Antaki, James/0000-0002-5430-7353 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-355X J9 BIORHEOLOGY JI Biorheology PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Hematology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Hematology GA 344LR UT WOS:000258929100096 ER PT J AU Chin, G Chavarria, DG Nakamura, GC Sofia, HJ AF Chin, George, Jr. Chavarria, Daniel G. Nakamura, Grant C. Sofia, Heidi J. TI BioGraphE: high-performance bionetwork analysis using the Biological Graph Environment SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article CT Symposium of Computations in Bioinformatics and Bioscience (SCBB07) CY AUG 13-15, 2007 CL Iowa City, IA ID ALGORITHMS; SEARCH; BLAST AB Background: Graphs and networks are common analysis representations for biological systems. Many traditional graph algorithms such as k-clique, k-coloring, and subgraph matching have great potential as analysis techniques for newly available data in biology. Yet, as the amount of genomic and bionetwork information rapidly grows, scientists need advanced new computational strategies and tools for dealing with the complexities of the bionetwork analysis and the volume of the data. Results: We introduce a computational framework for graph analysis called the Biological Graph Environment (BioGraphE), which provides a general, scalable integration platform for connecting graph problems in biology to optimized computational solvers and high-performance systems. This framework enables biology researchers and computational scientists to identify and deploy network analysis applications and to easily connect them to efficient and powerful computational software and hardware that are specifically designed and tuned to solve complex graph problems. In our particular application of BioGraphE to support network analysis in genome biology, we investigate the use of a Boolean satisfiability solver known as Survey Propagation as a core computational solver executing on standard high-performance parallel systems, as well as multi-threaded architectures. Conclusion: In our application of BioGraphE to conduct bionetwork analysis of homology networks, we found that BioGraphE and a custom, parallel implementation of the Survey Propagation SAT solver were capable of solving very large bionetwork problems at high rates of execution on different high-performance computing platforms. C1 [Chin, George, Jr.; Chavarria, Daniel G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nakamura, Grant C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Informat Analyt Dept, Computat & Stat Analyt Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sofia, Heidi J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Dept, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Computat Sci & Math Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM george.chin@pnl.gov; daniel.chavarria@pnl.gov; grant.nakamura@pnl.gov; heidi.sofia@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PY 2008 VL 9 AR S6 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-9-S6-S6 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 345UW UT WOS:000259023700006 PM 18541059 ER PT J AU Liu, QZ Yang, J Chen, ZX Yang, MQ Sung, AH Huang, XD AF Liu, Qingzhong Yang, Jack Chen, Zhongxue Yang, Mary Qu Sung, Andrew H. Huang, Xudong TI Supervised learning-based tagSNP selection for genome-wide disease classifications SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article AB Background: Comprehensive evaluation of common genetic variations through association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with complex human diseases on the genome-wide scale is an active area in human genome research. One of the fundamental questions in a SNP-disease association study is to find an optimal subset of SNPs with predicting power for disease status. To find that subset while reducing study burden in terms of time and costs, one can potentially reconcile information redundancy from associations between SNP markers. Results: We have developed a feature selection method named Supervised Recursive Feature Addition (SRFA). This method combines supervised learning and statistical measures for the chosen candidate features/SNPs to reconcile the redundancy information and, in doing so, improve the classification performance in association studies. Additionally, we have proposed a Support Vector based Recursive Feature Addition (SVRFA) scheme in SNP-disease association analysis. Conclusions: We have proposed using SRFA with different statistical learning classifiers and SVRFA for both SNP selection and disease classification and then applying them to two complex disease data sets. In general, our approaches outperform the well-known feature selection method of Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination and logic regression-based SNP selection for disease classification in genetic association studies. Our study further indicates that both genetic and environmental variables should be taken into account when doing disease predictions and classifications for the most complex human diseases that have gene-environment interactions. C1 [Liu, Qingzhong; Sung, Andrew H.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Liu, Qingzhong; Sung, Andrew H.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Inst Complex Addit Syst Anal, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Yang, Jack; Huang, Xudong] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02120 USA. [Yang, Jack; Huang, Xudong] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02120 USA. [Chen, Zhongxue] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Yang, Mary Qu] NHGRI, NIH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yang, Mary Qu] US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sung, AH (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM liu@cs.nmt.edu; jyang@bwh.harvard.edu; zhongxuechen@gmail.com; yangma@mail.nih.gov; sung@cs.nmt.edu; xhuang3@partners.org RI Chen, Zhongxue/K-1372-2013 OI Chen, Zhongxue/0000-0003-2537-7843 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PY 2008 VL 9 SU 1 AR S6 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-S1-S6 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V92JP UT WOS:000206244100007 PM 18366619 ER PT J AU Yang, YF Zhu, MX Wu, LY Zhou, JZ AF Yang, Yunfeng Zhu, Mengxia Wu, Liyou Zhou, Jizhong TI Assessment of data processing to improve reliability of microarray experiments using genomic DNA reference SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article AB Background: Using genomic DNA as common reference in microarray experiments has recently been tested by different laboratories. Conflicting results have been reported with regard to the reliability of microarray results using this method. To explain it, we hypothesize that data processing is a critical element that impacts the data quality. Results: Microarray experiments were performed in gamma-proteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis. Pair-wise comparison of three experimental conditions was obtained either with two labeled cDNA samples co-hybridized to the same array, or by employing Shewanella genomic DNA as a standard reference. Various data processing techniques were exploited to reduce the amount of inconsistency between both methods and the results were assessed. We discovered that data quality was significantly improved by imposing the constraint of minimal number of replicates, logarithmic transformation and random error analyses. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that data processing significantly influences data quality, which provides an explanation for the conflicting evaluation in the literature. This work could serve as a guideline for microarray data analysis using genomic DNA as a standard reference. C1 [Yang, Yunfeng; Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhu, Mengxia] So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yang, YF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yang@ornl.gov RI Yang, Yunfeng/H-9853-2013 OI Yang, Yunfeng/0000-0001-8274-6196 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PY 2008 VL 9 SU 2 AR S5 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-S2-S5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V92JQ UT WOS:000206244200006 PM 18831796 ER PT J AU Yang, YF Harris, DP Luo, F Wu, LY Parsons, AB Palumbo, AV Zhou, JZ AF Yang, Yunfeng Harris, Daniel P. Luo, Feng Wu, Liyou Parsons, Andrea B. Palumbo, Anthony V. Zhou, Jizhong TI Characterization of the Shewanella oneidensis Fur gene: roles in iron and acid tolerance response SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article AB Background: Iron homeostasis is a key metabolism for most organisms. In many bacterial species, coordinate regulation of iron homeostasis depends on the protein product of a Fur gene. Fur also plays roles in virulence, acid tolerance, redox-stress responses, flagella chemotaxis and metabolic pathways. Results: We conducted physiological and transcriptomic studies to characterize Fur in Shewanella oneidensis, with regard to its roles in iron and acid tolerance response. A S. oneidensisfur deletion mutant was defective in growth under iron-abundant or acidic environment. However, it coped with iron depletion better than the wild-type strain MR-1. Further gene expression studies by microarray of the fur mutant confirmed previous findings that iron uptake genes were highly derepressed in the mutant. Intriguingly, a large number of genes involved in energy metabolism were iron-responsive but Fur-independent, suggesting an intimate relationship of energy metabolism to iron response, but not to Fur. Further characterization of these genes in energy metabolism suggested that they might be controlled by transcriptional factor Crp, as shown by an enriched motif searching algorithm in the corresponding cluster of a gene co-expression network. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that S. oneidensis Fur is involved in iron acquisition and acid tolerance response. In addition, analyzing genome-wide transcriptional profiles provides useful information for the characterization of Fur and iron response in S. oneidensis. C1 [Yang, Yunfeng; Harris, Daniel P.; Wu, Liyou; Parsons, Andrea B.; Palumbo, Anthony V.; Zhou, Jizhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luo, Feng] Clemson Univ, Sch Comp, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yang, YF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangy@ornl.gov; dph12@case.edu; luofeng@clemson.edu; lwu@rccc.ou.edu; parsonsab@gmail.com; palumboav@ornl.gov; jzhou@rccc.ou.edu RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Yang, Yunfeng/H-9853-2013; OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Yang, Yunfeng/0000-0001-8274-6196; Harris, Daniel/0000-0002-1852-0683 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PY 2008 VL 9 SU 1 AR S11 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-S1-S11 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V92JP UT WOS:000206244100012 PM 18366600 ER PT S AU Huang, LJ Quan, YL Li, CP Duric, N Hanson, KM AF Huang, Lianjie Quan, Youli Li, Cuiping Duric, Neb Hanson, Kenneth M. GP IEEE BE Peng, Y Zhang, Y TI Ultrasound pulse-echo imaging with an optimized propagator SO BMEI 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS, VOL 2 SE International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tianjin Univ Technol, IEEE Comp Soc ID TOMOGRAPHY AB Properly accounting for ultrasound scattering from heterogeneities within the breast is essential for high-resolution ultrasound breast imaging. This requires a reflectivity image reconstruction method capable of accurately handling ultrasound scattering. We develop an optimized ultrasound-wave propagator for reflectivity image reconstruction using pulse-echo ultrasound signals. The method is based on a solution of one-way wave equation and recursive inward continuation of ultrasound wavefields in the frequency-space and frequency-wave number domains using a heterogeneous sound-speed model of the breast obtained from tomography. It minimizes ultrasound phase errors during wavefield inward continuation while maintaining the advantage of high computational efficiency. Pulse-echo ultrasound imaging tests for a numerical breast phantom demonstrate that our optimized method has the potential to improve the reliability and accuracy of ultrasound breast imaging. C1 [Huang, Lianjie; Hanson, Kenneth M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Quan, Youli] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Li, Cuiping; Duric, Neb] Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Huang, LJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ljh@lanl.gov; quany@stanford.edu; lic@karmanos.org; duric@karmanos.org; kmh@lanl.gov FU U.S. DOE; Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported through the U.S. DOE Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1948-2914 J9 INT CONF BIOMED PY 2008 BP 281 EP + DI 10.1109/BMEI.2008.289 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHW29 UT WOS:000257001500056 ER PT S AU Li, CP Duric, N Huang, LJ AF Li, Cuiping Duric, Neb Huang, Lianjie GP IEEE BE Peng, Y Zhang, Y TI Breast imaging using transmission ultrasound: Reconstructing tissue parameters of sound speed and attenuation SO BMEI 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS, VOL 2 SE International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tianjin Univ Technol, IEEE Comp Soc ID TOMOGRAPHY AB Multiple tissue parameters are useful for early breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Ultrasound tomography is a new, important imaging modality for our Computerized Ultrasound Risk Evaluation (CURE) prototype, which employs a ring transducer array to scan the whole breast in a water tank. We use our bent-ray time-of-flight ultrasound tomography to reconstruct sound speeds of breasts with different densities. In addition, we develop an ultrasound attenuation reconstruction method based on complex-signal energy ratios. We apply our reconstruction techniques to in vitro and in vivo breast data acquired using the CURE device. Our reconstruction results demonstrate that CURE has great potential to reliably measure multiple mass characteristics by combining sound-speed, attenuation and reflection images. C1 [Li, Cuiping; Duric, Neb] Karmanos Canc Inst, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Huang, Lianjie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, CP (reprint author), Karmanos Canc Inst, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM lic@karmanos.org; duric@karmanos.org; ljh@lanl.gov FU Karmanos Cancer Institute; Michigan Economic Development Corporation [06-1-P1-0653]; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The authors wish to thank Lisa Bey-Knight for her help in recruiting patients and data collection. This work was supported through the Karmanos Cancer Institute and through a grant from the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (Grant Number 06-1-P1-0653). L. Huang acknowledges the support of the U.S. DOE Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1948-2914 J9 INT CONF BIOMED PY 2008 BP 708 EP + DI 10.1109/BMEI.2008.303 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHW29 UT WOS:000257001500144 ER PT S AU Duric, N Li, CP Glide-Hurst, C Littrup, P Huang, LJ Lupinacci, J Schmidt, S Rama, O Bey-Knight, L Xu, Y AF Duric, Neb Li, Cuiping Glide-Hurst, Carri Littrup, Peter Huang, Lianjie Lupinacci, Jessica Schmidt, Steven Rama, Olsi Bey-Knight, Lisa Xu, Yang GP IEEE BE Peng, Y Zhang, Y TI Breast imaging with ultrasound tomography: Clinical results at the Karmanos Cancer Institute SO BMEI 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS, VOL 2 SE International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tianjin Univ Technol, IEEE Comp Soc ID MAMMOGRAPHY; ARRAYS AB We report and discuss clinical breast imaging results obtained with operator independent ultrasound tomography. A series of in-vivo experiments were carried out using a recently upgraded clinical prototype based on the principles of ultrasound tomography. The in-vivo performance of the prototype was assessed by imaging patients at the Karmanos Cancer Institute. Our techniques successfully demonstrated in-vivo tomographic imaging of breast architecture in both reflection and transmission imaging modes. Masses as small as 6 mm in size were detected. These initial results indicate that operator-independent whole-breast imaging and the detection of cancerous breast masses are feasible using ultrasound tomography techniques. This approach has the potential to provide a low cost, non-invasive, and non-ionizing means of evaluating breast masses. Future work will concentrate on extending these results to larger trials. C1 [Duric, Neb; Li, Cuiping; Glide-Hurst, Carri; Littrup, Peter; Lupinacci, Jessica; Schmidt, Steven; Rama, Olsi; Bey-Knight, Lisa; Xu, Yang] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Huang, Lianjie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duric, N (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM duric@karmanos.org NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1948-2914 J9 INT CONF BIOMED PY 2008 BP 713 EP + DI 10.1109/BMEI.2008.321 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHW29 UT WOS:000257001500145 ER PT S AU Simonetti, F Huang, LJ Duric, N AF Simonetti, Francesco Huang, Lianjie Duric, Neb GP IEEE BE Peng, Y Zhang, Y TI Transmission and reflection diffraction tomography in breast imaging SO BMEI 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS, VOL 2 SE International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tianjin Univ Technol, IEEE Comp Soc ID EIGENFUNCTION METHOD; LARGE-SCALE; ULTRASOUND; SYSTEM AB Commercial medical ultrasound scanners produce images of human tissue by interpreting the information carried by echoes reflected from structures contained inside it. In this paper, a new generation of toroidal ultrasound arrays is used to measure both the signals reflected and transmitted through the tissue. It is shown that transmission measurements encode complete information about the gross structure of the tissue and lead to images that are superior to those obtained form reflection measurements alone. Experimental results are provided for a gel phantom and a human breast in vivo. C1 [Simonetti, Francesco] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Huang, Lianjie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Duric, Neb] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Simonetti, F (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM f.simonetti@imperial.ac.uk; ljh@lanl.gov; duric@karmanos.org OI Simonetti, Francesco/0000-0001-8772-0323 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; UK Royal Academy of Engineering / EPSRC; Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) [06-1-P1-0653] FX This work was supported through the U. S. DOE Laboratory-Directed Research, Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. FS is also grateful to the UK Royal Academy of Engineering / EPSRC for supporting this work. ND acknowledges the support of the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) under grant MEDC 06-1-P1-0653. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1948-2914 J9 INT CONF BIOMED PY 2008 BP 723 EP + DI 10.1109/BMEI.2008.114 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHW29 UT WOS:000257001500147 ER PT J AU El-Bennich, B de Melo, JPBC Loiseau, B Dedonder, JP Frederico, T AF El-Bennich, B. de Melo, J. P. B. C. Loiseau, B. Dedonder, J. -P. Frederico, T. TI Modeling Electromagnetic Form Factors of Light and Heavy Pseudoscalar Mesons SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st LAWHEP Conference 2007 CY DEC, 2007 CL Porto, PORTUGAL DE Light-front; Covariance; Constituent quark model; Electromagnetic current; Electromagnetic form factor ID QCD-INSPIRED MODEL; WEAK DECAY; PION; DYNAMICS; QUARKS AB The electromagnetic form factors of light and heavy pseudoscalar mesons are calculated within two covariant constituent-quark models, viz., a light-front and a dispersion relation approach. We investigate the details and physical origins of the model dependence of various hadronic observables: the weak decay constant, the charge radius and the elastic electromagnetic form factor. C1 [El-Bennich, B.; Loiseau, B.; Dedonder, J. -P.] CNRS, IN2P3, Grp Theorie, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75005 Paris, France. [El-Bennich, B.; Loiseau, B.; Dedonder, J. -P.] Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. [El-Bennich, B.; Loiseau, B.; Dedonder, J. -P.] Univ Paris Diderot, F-75005 Paris, France. [El-Bennich, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [de Melo, J. P. B. C.] Univ Cruzeiro Sul, Ctr Ciencias Exatas & Tecnol, Lab Fis Teor & Computacao Cient, BR-08060700 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [de Melo, J. P. B. C.] Inst Fis Teor CA, BR-01405900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Frederico, T.] Inst Tecnol Aeronaut, Dept Fis, BR-12228900 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP El-Bennich, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Grp Theorie, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75005 Paris, France. RI FREDERICO, TOBIAS/F-4348-2011; dos Santos Filho, Victo/F-3502-2012 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PY 2008 VL 38 IS 3B BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332008000400016 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 376UI UT WOS:000261208100016 ER PT J AU Lee, HY Perelson, AS AF Lee, Ha Youn Perelson, Alan S. TI Modeling T cell proliferation and death in vitro based on labeling data: Generalizations of the Smith-Martin cell cycle model SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CFSE; thymidine; T cell; IL-2; Smith-Martin cell cycle model ID DIACETATE SUCCINIMIDYL ESTER; CFSE DATA; B-CELLS; DIVISION CYCLE; FISSION YEAST; KINETICS; DIFFERENTIATION; LYMPHOCYTE; SURVIVAL; VIVO AB The fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) classifies proliferating cell populations into groups according to the number of divisions each cell has undergone (i.e., its division class). The pulse labeling of cells with radioactive thymidine provides a means to determine the distribution of times of entry into the first cell division. We derive in analytic form the number of cells in each division class as a function of time based on the distribution of times to the first division. Choosing the distribution of time to the first division to fit thymidine labeling data for T cells stimulated in vitro under different concentrations of IL-2, we fit CFSE data to determine the dependence of T cell kinetic parameters on the concentration of IL-2. As the concentration of IL-2 increases, the average cell cycle time is shortened, the death rate of cells is decreased, and a higher fraction of cells is recruited into division. We also find that if the average cell cycle time increases with division class then the qualify of our fit to the data improves. C1 [Lee, Ha Youn; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lee, Ha Youn] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, N01-AI-50020] NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 21 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s11538-007-9239-4 PG 24 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 248XR UT WOS:000252191000002 PM 17701260 ER PT S AU Young, KM Johnson, DW AF Young, Kenneth M. Johnson, David W. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI Some lessons from the burning plasma diagnostics in TFTR SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE plasma diagnostics; Tokamaks; burning plasmas ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; CONFINEMENT EXPERIMENTS; TOKAMAK; CALIBRATION; DETECTORS; OPERATION AB A number of alpha-particle diagnostics were initiated successfully during the TFTR DT phase. These diagnostics were prototypical and were not able to operate under all conditions. Had TFTR continued to operate, the deficiencies should have been corrected. Effects of radiation on fiberoptics and other components, lack of sufficient power in collective scattering and the effects of neutral beams on pellet ablation impacting pellet charge-exchange were specific deficiencies in alpha particle diagnostics. For understanding of the alpha source profile, the importance of very detailed calibrations of neutron diagnostics must be stressed. The interactions of fast ions with instabilities have been taken further in later devices but some aspects were already clear in the DT phase. C1 [Young, Kenneth M.; Johnson, David W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Young, KM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 FU US DOE [DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work could not have been done without the efforts of the full TFTR team. We are particularly grateful to Rich Hawryluk, Doug Darrow and Lane Roquemore for their more recent help. The writing of this paper was supported, in part, by US DOE Contract DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 9 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600002 ER PT S AU Costley, AE Andrew, P Boivin, RL Ingesson, C Johnson, D Vayakis, G Young, K AF Costley, A. E. Andrew, P. Boivin, R. L. Ingesson, C. Johnson, D. Vayakis, G. Young, K. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI Requirements for plasma and first wall measurements on ITER SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE plasma diagnostics; fusion; ITER ID DIAGNOSTICS AB In this paper we outline the process that is in use for developing the requirements for plasma and first wall measurements on ITER. These requirements are the starting point in the selection, design and integration of the individual measurement systems that together make up the ITER diagnostic system. We describe the issues that have arisen in the defining process and we give the current status. We take a brief forward look at some aspects of the measurement requirements for a next step (DEMO). C1 [Costley, A. E.; Andrew, P.; Vayakis, G.] Cadarache Ctr, ITER Int Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Boivin, R. L.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Ingesson, C.] EFDA, Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Johnson, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Costley, AE (reprint author), Cadarache Ctr, ITER Int Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 27 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600004 ER PT S AU Van Zeeland, MA Kramer, GJ AF Van Zeeland, M. A. Kramer, G. J. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI Measurements of Alfven eigenmodes in fusion plasmas SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE Alfven eigenmodes; interferometer ID TOROIDAL PLASMAS; INSTABILITIES AB Ensuring appropriate measurements of Alfven eigenmodes in burning plasma experiments will allow the validation of predictions of alpha driven instabilities in plasmas dominated by self heating from fusion produced alpha particles and provide the control capability for optimizing performance, reducing the alpha particle losses due to these modes, and minimizing potential first wall damage. This paper gives a brief overview of several of the relevant Alfven eigenmodes in burning plasma experiments as well as the theoretical tools currently being used to model them. A procedure is then outlined in which predicted Alfven eigenmodes from the ideal MHD code NOVA can be used to simulate the performance of diagnostics on future devices with respect to measurements of these modes. A preliminary application of the technique to ITER's tangential CO2 interferometer is discussed and it is found that the system should be more than adequate to resolve Alfvenic fluctuations with amplitudes in the range of those commonly encountered on current devices. C1 [Van Zeeland, M. A.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Kramer, G. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Van Zeeland, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 103 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600012 ER PT S AU Bitter, M Hill, KW Scott, S Paul, S Ince-Cushman, A Reinke, M Rice, JE Beiersdorfer, P Gu, MF Lee, SG Broennimann, C Eikenberry, EF AF Bitter, M. Hill, K. W. Scott, S. Paul, S. Ince-Cushman, A. Reinke, M. Rice, J. E. Beiersdorfer, P. Gu, M. F. Lee, S. G. Broennimann, Ch. Eikenberry, E. F. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI Passive spectroscopy bolometers, grating- and X-ray imaging crystal spectrometers SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation ID REGION; ION AB This tutorial gives a brief introduction into passive spectroscopy and describes the working principles of bolometers, a high-resolution grating spectrometer, and a novel X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, which is also of particular interest for profile measurements of the ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity on ITER and future burning plasma experiments. C1 [Bitter, M.; Hill, K. W.; Scott, S.; Paul, S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ince-Cushman, A.; Reinke, M.; Rice, J. E.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Gu, M. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lee, S. G.] Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejeon 305333, South Korea. [Broennimann, Ch.; Eikenberry, E. F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Bitter, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CHO3073, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-99ER54572]; Department of Energy Initiative for the Development of Diagnostics for Magnetic Fusion Energy Research [1083] FX Work by the Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CHO3073; work by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344; the work at Massachusetts Institute of Technology was supported by the Department of Energy contract No. DE-FC02-99ER54572 and the Department of Energy Initiative for the Development of Diagnostics for Magnetic Fusion Energy Research Contract-1083. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 155 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600022 ER PT S AU Holcomb, CT Allen, SL Makowski, MA Jayakumar, RJ Lerner, MFGS Morris, KL Latkowski, J Moller, JM Meyer, W Ellis, R Geer, R Behne, D Chipman, R Smith, P McClain, S AF Holcomb, C. T. Allen, S. L. Makowski, M. A. Jayakumar, R. J. Lerner, M. F. Gu S. Morris, K. L. Latkowski, J. Moller, J. M. Meyer, W. Ellis, R. Geer, R. Behne, D. Chipman, R. Smith, P. McClain, S. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI An overview of the motional stark effect diagnostic on DIII-D and design work for an ITER MSE SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE Motional Stark Effect; optical diagnostic; current profile; calibration; mirrors; ITER ID POLARIMETRY AB The advanced tokamak research program at DIII-D relies critically on the measurement of the current density profile. This was made possible by the development of a Motional Stark Effect (MSE) polarimeter that was first installed in 1992. Three major upgrades have since occurred, and improvements in our understanding of critical performance issues and calibration techniques are ongoing. In parallel with these improvements, we have drawn on our DIII-D experience to begin studies and design work for MSE on burning plasmas and ITER. This paper first reviews how Motional Stark Effect polarimetry (MSE) is used to determine the tokamak current profile. It uses the DIII-D MSE system as an example, and shows results from the latest upgrade that incorporates an array of channels from a new counter-Ip injected neutral beam. The various calibration techniques presently used are reviewed. High-leverage or unresolved issues affecting MSE performance and reliability in ITER are discussed. Next, we show a four-mirror collection optics design for the two ITER MSE views. Finally, we discuss measurements of the polarization properties of a few candidate mirrors for the ITER MSE. Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under W-7405-ENG-48. C1 [Holcomb, C. T.; Allen, S. L.; Makowski, M. A.; Jayakumar, R. J.; Lerner, M. F. Gu S.; Morris, K. L.; Latkowski, J.; Moller, J. M.; Meyer, W.; Ellis, R.; Geer, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chipman, R.; Smith, P.; McClain, S.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Holcomb, CT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 214 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600032 ER PT J AU Koester, KJ Ager, JW Ritchie, RO AF Koester, K. J. Ager, J. W. Ritchie, R. O. TI The crack-growth resistance of bone and the influence of orientation and drug treatments on the toughening mechanisms in bone SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ager, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PY 2008 VL 82 SU 1 BP S172 EP S173 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 306OS UT WOS:000256258300418 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P AF Beiersdorfer, Peter TI A "brief" history of spectroscopy on EBIT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS; LITHIUM-LIKE IONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; HELIUM-LIKE; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; URANIUM IONS AB In the autumn of 1986, the first electron beam ion trap, EBIT, was put into service as a light source for the spectroscopy of highly charged ions. On the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of EBIT, we review its early uses for spectroscopy, from the first measurements of X-rays from L-shell xenon ions in 1986 to its conversion to SuperEBIT in 1992 and rebirth as EBIT-I in 2001. Together with their sibling, EBIT-II, these machines have been used at Livermore to perform a multitude of seminal studies of the physics of highly charged ions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM beiersdorfer@llnl.gov NR 70 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1139/P07-135 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700002 ER PT J AU Marrs, RE AF Marrs, R. E. TI Milestones in EBIT spectroscopy and why it almost did not work SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; URANIUM IONS; HYDROGENLIKE AB The electron beam ion trap (EBIT) spectroscopy that now seems routine would not be possible without considerable good luck in several areas of EBIT technology. Among these are X-ray background, ion cooling, neutral gas density, and electron current density and energy control. A favorable outcome in these areas has enabled clean X-ray spectra, sufficient intensity for high-resolution spectroscopy, production of very high-charge states, and a remarkable variety of spectroscopic measurements. During construction of the first EBIT 20 years ago, it was not clear that any of this was possible. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marrs, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM marrs1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1139/P07-110 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700003 ER PT J AU Nilsen, J AF Nilsen, Joseph TI The role of EBIT in X-ray laser research SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID NICKEL-LIKE IONS; BOUND-ELECTRON CONTRIBUTION; LINE OVERLAP; PLASMA INTERFEROMETRY; LASING TRANSITIONS; RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; REFRACTION; ENERGIES; SCHEME AB In the early 1980s, the X-ray laser program required a new level of understanding and measurements of the atomic physics of highly charged ions. The electron beam ion trap (EBIT) was developed and built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) as part of the effort to understand and measure the cross sections and wavelengths of highly charged ions. This paper explains some of the early history of EBIT and how it was used to help develop X-ray lasers. EBIT's capability was unique and some of the experimental results obtained over the years, related to X-ray lasers, will be shown. As X-ray lasers have now become a table-top tool, new areas of research that involve understanding the index of refraction in partially ionized plasmas will be discussed. In addition, new areas where EBIT may be able to further contribute will be suggested. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-15, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jnilsen@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1139/P07-103 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700004 ER PT J AU Sapirstein, J Cheng, KT AF Sapirstein, J. Cheng, K. T. TI Tests of quantum electrodynamics with EBIT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID LI-LIKE IONS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; BOUND-STATE; LAMB SHIFT; POSITRONIUM; ATOMS; FIELD AB A Feynman-diagram-based approach to calculating the spectra of highly charged ions is described and applied to lithiumlike and sodiumlike ions. Discrepancies between calculations excluding the two-loop Lamb shift and experiment allow that shift to be determined, as the accuracy of EBIT experiments is well below the size of the effect. The present status of the theory of hyperfine splitting is described, where a large quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect is made difficult to observe because of nuclear physics uncertainties. The importance of a correct treatment of nuclear recoil at present levels of accuracy is stressed, and prospects for a full QED treatment of copperlike ions are discussed. C1 [Sapirstein, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Cheng, K. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95440 USA. RP Sapirstein, J (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jsapirst@nd.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1139/P07-098 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700005 ER PT J AU Cheng, KT Chen, MH Johnson, WR Sapirstein, J AF Cheng, K. T. Chen, M. H. Johnson, W. R. Sapirstein, J. TI High-precision relativistic atomic structure calculations and the EBIT: Tests of quantum electrodynamics in highly charged ions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID PERTURBATION-THEORY CALCULATIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; ZN-LIKE IONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; LAMB SHIFT; TRANSITION ENERGIES; CU-LIKE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; QED CALCULATIONS; LI-LIKE AB High-precision relativistic atomic-structure calculations based on the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and the relativistic configuration-interaction method are shown to provide stringent tests of strong-field quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections when compared with electron beam ion trap measurements of the spectra of highly charged, many-electron ions. It is further shown that theory and experiment are accurate enough to test not just the leading screened QED corrections but also smaller contributions from higher order Breit interactions, relaxed-core QED corrections, two-loop Lamb shifts, negative-energy state corrections, nuclear polarizations, and nuclear recoils. C1 [Cheng, K. T.; Chen, M. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Johnson, W. R.; Sapirstein, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Cheng, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ktcheng@llnl.gov NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1139/P07-106 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700006 ER PT J AU Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P AF Chen, Hui Beiersdorfer, Peter TI Electron-impact excitation cross-section measurements at EBITs from 1986 to 2006 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; LINE-FORMATION PROCESSES; LITHIUM-LIKE IONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; HELIUM-LIKE; DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION AB This paper reviews the electron-impact excitation (EIE) measurements at electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facilities in the last 20 years. EIE cross sections are important atomic parameters fundamental to understanding the spectroscopic properties of ions. The properties of an EBIT make it an ideal device to measure the EIE cross section of highly charged ions. As a matter of fact, a report of EIE measurement was among the first papers published on the first EBIT ever built, EBIT-I. Since then, a wide range of measurements have been performed for K-shell and L-shell highly charged ions of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Xe, and Ba using a combination of crystal spectrometers and solid-state X-ray detectors. In the last few years, the measurements were extended to all strong Fe L-shell lines by using a 6 x 6 pixel array microcalorimeter. C1 [Chen, Hui; Beiersdorfer, Peter] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chen33@llnl.gov NR 86 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 55 EP 71 DI 10.1139/P07-152 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700008 ER PT J AU Trabert, E AF Traebert, E. TI Atomic lifetime measurements employing an electron beam ion trap SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; DIPOLE TRANSITION RATES; VOIGT PROFILE FUNCTION; 1S2S S-3(1) LEVEL; FE-XIV EMISSION; STORAGE-RING; X-RAY; FORBIDDEN LINES; CORONAL LINE; B-LIKE AB Transition probabilities relate to atomic structure and dynamics in ways that are different from straightforward spectra. Besides being a tool for fundamental physics studies, the knowledge of transition probabilities is essential for applications in plasma physics and astrophysics. Techniques and procedures used for measuring the lifetimes of levels in highly charged ions by employing an electron beam ion trap are reviewed to illustrate the state of the art. Examples are drawn from experiments that involve observations in the visible, extreme-ultraviolet, and X-ray ranges, and cover atomic lifetimes in the femtosecond to second range. C1 [Traebert, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Traebert, E.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM trabert1@llnl.gov NR 150 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 73 EP 97 DI 10.1139/P07-099 PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700009 ER PT J AU Wargelin, BJ Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV AF Wargelin, B. J. Beiersdorfer, P. Brown, G. V. TI EBIT charge-exchange measurements and astrophysical applications SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID X-RAY-EMISSION; BEAM ION-TRAP; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; PLASMA-SPECTROMETER CHIPS; WIND-COMET INTERACTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; GALACTIC RIDGE; XMM-NEWTON AB The past decade has seen a surge of interest in astrophysical charge exchange (CX). The impetus was the discovery of X-ray emission from comets in 1996, soon followed by the observation of CX emission in planetary atmospheres and throughout the heliosphere. Geocoronal and heliospheric CX are now recognized as contributing a considerable fraction of the soft X-ray background, and stellar-wind charge exchange is expected to occur in the astrospheres surrounding many stars. CX may also contribute to X-ray line emission in supernova remnants, the Galactic Center, and the Galactic Ridge. This article summarizes the key aspects of CX X-ray emission and its astrophysical relevance, and reviews related laboratory measurements and theoretical predictions with particular attention to spectroscopy experiments conducted on electron beam ion traps. C1 [Wargelin, B. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown, G. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wargelin, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bwargelin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 135 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 151 EP 169 DI 10.1139/P07-125 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700014 ER PT J AU Otranto, S Olson, RE Beiersdorfer, P AF Otranto, S. Olson, R. E. Beiersdorfer, P. TI Cometary X-ray emission: theoretical cross sections following charge exchange by multiply charged ions of astrophysical interest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID MAGNETIC TRAPPING MODE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; FUSION PLASMAS; HEAVY-IONS; COLLISIONS; IMPACT; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; ENERGIES AB The classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method is used to calculate emission cross sections following charge exchange collisions involving highly charged ions of astrophysical interest and typical cometary targets. Comparison is made to experimental data obtained on the EBIT machine at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for O(8+) projectiles impinging on different targets at a collision energy of 10 eV/amu. The theoretical cross sections are used together with ion abundances measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer as well as those obtained by a fitting procedure using laboratory emission cross sections to reproduce the X-ray spectrum of comet C/LINEAR S4 measured on 14 July 2001. C1 [Otranto, S.; Olson, R. E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Otranto, S.] Univ Nacl Sur, Dto Fis, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Otranto, S.] Univ Nacl Sur, CONICET, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Otranto, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM otrantos@umr.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1139/P07-127 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700016 ER PT J AU Lepson, JK Beiersdorfer, P Bitter, M Kahn, SM AF Lepson, J. K. Beiersdorfer, P. Bitter, M. Kahn, S. M. TI Laboratory astrophysics in the extreme ultraviolet SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION-LINE SPECTRA; WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; CORONAL DENSITY; XMM-NEWTON; FE-VII; PROCYON; REGION; ANGSTROM AB Electron beam ion traps are uniquely well suited for laboratory astrophysics because they can produce nearly any charge state of any element in a collisionally excited plasma that is comparable in density and temperature to many astronomical sources. The Lawrence Livermore EBIT facility has been optimized for laboratory astrophysics with a suite of dedicated instruments and has made significant advances in this field. This paper reviews some of the work performed at LLNL in compiling comprehensive spectral catalogues, discovery of a magnetic field line diagnostic in the EUV and soft X-ray regimes, and density diagnostics on EBIT and at the NSTX tokamak. C1 [Lepson, J. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bitter, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lepson, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lepson@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1139/P07-167 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700015 ER PT J AU Liedahl, DA Brown, GV AF Liedahl, D. A. Brown, G. V. TI Proposed wavelength measurements of silicon x-ray spectra: Application to vela X-1 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID RADIATION-DRIVEN WINDS; BEAM ION-TRAP; STELLAR WINDS; GRATING SPECTROMETER; LINES; EMISSION; CODE; IRON AB When a stellar wind from a massive star is captured by a neutron star in close orbit, gravitational potential energy is converted into hard X-radiation near the surface of the neutron star. The X-radiation, in turn, modifies the wind through heating and photoionization, which affects the dynamics of mass capture. We have begun a project to further elucidate this process, which involves time-dependent three-dimensional hydrodynamics, large-scale atomic physics calculations, and radiation transport, integrated in an attempt to derive a self-consistent "first principles" description of the mass transfer process. We anticipate that the high-resolution silicon X-ray spectrum, produced by innershell photoionization and photoexcitation, as measured by the Chandra observatory, will provide benchmarks for these calculations. However, theoretical wavelengths, which are required in order to draw inferences concerning the velocity field of the wind, are uncertain at the level of the likely Doppler shifts in the stellar wind. EBIT measurements could lead to a reliable set of wavelengths, thereby providing observational constraints on the physics that powers some of the brightest X-ray sources in the Galaxy. C1 [Liedahl, D. A.; Brown, G. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Liedahl, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, 7000 E Ave,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM liedahl1@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1139/P07-163 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700017 ER PT J AU Gu, MF AF Gu, M. F. TI X-ray wavelength survey of iron and nickel L-shell emission and resonance contributions to their intensities SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; BEAM ION-TRAP; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; LINE EMISSION; XMM-NEWTON; SPECTRA; CAPELLA; TRANSITIONS; XXIV AB As part of the laboratory astrophysics program at the electron beam ion traps of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-shell X-ray emission of Fe and Ni ions have been studied extensively in the past decade. In this paper, we review these experimental efforts in line identification and wavelength surveys of Fe and Ni L-shell emission and resonance contributions to their intensities. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gu, MF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mfgu@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1139/P07-105 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700018 ER PT J AU Brown, GV AF Brown, G. V. TI A brief review of the intensity of lines 3C and 3D in neon-like Fe XVII SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; SOFT-X-RAY; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENT; CORONAL ACTIVE REGIONS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; GRATING SPECTROMETER; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RELATIVE INTENSITY AB X-ray emission from neon-like Fe XVII has been measured with high-resolution spectrometers from laboratory or celestial sources for nearly seven decades. Two of the strongest lines regularly identified in these spectra are the P-1(1) -> S-1(0) resonance and the D-3(1) -> S-1(0) intercombination line, known as 3C and 3D, respectively. This paper gives a brief overview of measurements of the intensities of the lines 3C and 3D from laboratory and celestial sources and their comparison to model calculations, with an emphasis on measurements completed using an electron beam ion trap. It includes a discussion of the measured absolute cross sections compared with results from modern atomic theory calculations as well as the diagnostic utility of the relative intensity, R = I-3C/I-3CD, as it applies to the interpretation of spectra measured from the Sun and extra-solar sources. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, High Energy Dens Phys & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, GV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, High Energy Dens Phys & Astrophys Div, 7000 E Ave,L-260, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gregbrown@llnl.gov NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1139/P07-158 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700019 ER PT J AU Savin, DW Badnell, NR Beiersdorfer, P Beck, BR Brown, GV Bryans, P Gorczyca, TW Gu, MF Kahn, SM Laming, JM Liedahl, DA Mitthumsiri, W Scofield, JH Wong, KL AF Savin, D. W. Badnell, N. R. Beiersdorfer, P. Beck, B. R. Brown, G. V. Bryans, P. Gorczyca, T. W. Gu, M. F. Kahn, S. M. Laming, J. M. Liedahl, D. A. Mitthumsiri, W. Scofield, J. H. Wong, K. L. TI Analog and digital simulations of Maxwellian plasmas for astrophysics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; MG-XI; FE; ELEMENTS AB Many astrophysical and laboratory plasmas possess Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) electron energy distributions (EEDs). Interpreting or predicting the properties of these plasmas requires accurate knowledge of atomic processes such as radiative lifetimes, electron impact excitation and de-excitation, electron impact ionization, radiative recombination, dielectronic recombination, and charge transfer, all for thousands of levels or more. Plasma models cannot include all of the needed levels and atomic data. Hence, approximations need to be made to make the models tractable. Here we report on an "analog" technique we have developed for simulating a Maxwellian EED using an electron beam ion trap and review some recent results using this method. A subset of the atomic data needed for modeling Maxwellian plasmas relates to calculating the ionization balance. Accurate fractional abundance calculations for the different ionization stages of the various elements in the plasma are needed to reliably interpret or predict the properties of the gas. However, much of the atomic data needed for these calculations have not been generated using modern theoretical methods and are often highly suspect. Here we will also review our recent updating of the recommended atomic data for "digital' computer simulations of MB plasmas in collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE), describe the changes relative to previously recommended CIE calculations, and discuss what further recombination and ionization data are needed to improve this latest set of recommended CIE calculations. C1 [Savin, D. W.; Bryans, P.; Mitthumsiri, W.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Badnell, N. R.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Beck, B. R.; Brown, G. V.; Gu, M. F.; Liedahl, D. A.; Scofield, J. H.; Wong, K. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gorczyca, T. W.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Stanford Univ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Savin, DW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM savin@astro.columbia.edu RI Bryans, Paul/C-9196-2012; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1139/P07-159 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700020 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL Beiersdorfer, P AF Jacobs, V. L. Beiersdorfer, P. TI K alpha X-ray emission spectra from highly charged Fe ions in EBIT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS; ELECTRON-BEAM; LINE EMISSION; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; RADIATIVE EMISSION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; RECOMBINATION AB A detailed spectral model has been developed for the computer simulation of the 2p -> 1s K alpha X-ray emission from highly charged Fe ions in the electron beam ion trap (EBIT). The spectral features of interest occur in the range 1.84-1.94 angstrom. The fundamental radiative emission processes associated with radiationless electron capture or dielectronic recombination, inner-shell electron collisional excitation, and inner-shell-electron collisional ionization are taken in account. For comparison, spectral observations and simulations for high-temperature magnetic-fusion (tokamak) plasmas are reviewed. In these plasmas, small departures from steady-state corona-model charge-state distributions can occur because of ion transport processes, while the assumption of equilibrium (Maxwellian) electron energy distributions is expected to be valid. Our investigations for EBIT have been directed at the identification of spectral features that can serve as diagnostics of extreme nonequilibrium or transient ionization conditions, and allowance has been made for general (non-Maxwellian) electron energy distributions. For the precise interpretation of the high-resolution X-ray observations, which may involve the analysis of blended spectral features composed of many lines, it has been necessary to take into account the multitude of individual fine-structure components of the K alpha radiative transitions in the ions from Fe XVIII to Fe XXV. At electron densities higher than the validity range of the corona-model approximation, collisionally induced transitions among low-lying excited states can play an important role. It is found that inner-shell-electron excitation and ionization processes involving the complex intermediate ions from Fe XVIII to Fe XXI produce spectral features, in the wavelength range from 1.89 to 1.94 angstrom, which are particularly sensitive to density variations and transient ionization conditions. C1 [Jacobs, V. L.] Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Naval Res Lab, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1139/P07-104 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700021 ER PT J AU Porter, FS Beck, BR Beiersdorfer, P Boyce, KR Brown, GV Chen, H Gygax, J Kahn, SM Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Magee, E Thorn, DB AF Porter, F. S. Beck, B. R. Beiersdorfer, P. Boyce, K. R. Brown, G. V. Chen, H. Gygax, J. Kahn, S. M. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Magee, E. Thorn, D. B. TI The XRS microcalorimeter spectrometer at the Livermore electron beam ion trap SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID X-RAY-EMISSION; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENT; N=2 LINE EMISSION; THERMAL DETECTORS; RESOLUTION; FE23+; TRANSITION; ASTRO-E2; COMETS; ARRAY AB NASA's X-ray spectrometer (XRS) microcalorimeter instrument has been operating at the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory since July of 2000. The spectrometer is currently undergoing its third major upgrade to become an easy to use and extremely high-performance instrument for a broad range of EBIT experiments. The spectrometer itself is broadband, capable of simultaneously operating from 0.1 to 12 keV and has been operated at up to 100 keV by manipulating its operating conditions. The spectral resolution closely follows the spaceflight version of the XRS, beginning at 10 eV FWHM at 6 keV in 2000, upgraded to 5.5 eV in 2003, and will hopefully be similar to 3.8 eV in the fall of 2007. Here we review the operating principles of this unique instrument, the extraordinary science that has been performed at EBIT over the last six years, and prospects for future upgrades. Specifically, we discuss upgrades to cover the high-energy band (to at least 100 keV) with a high quantum efficiency detector and prospects for using a new superconducting detector to reach 0.8 eV resolution at 1 keV and 2 eV at 6 keV with high counting rates. C1 [Porter, F. S.; Boyce, K. R.; Brown, G. V.; Chen, H.; Gygax, J.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Beck, B. R.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Magee, E.; Thorn, D. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kahn, S. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Porter, FS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM porter@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Beck, Belinda/B-9079-2008 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; Beck, Belinda/0000-0003-1295-6395 NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1139/P07-147 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700022 ER PT J AU Thorn, DB Brown, GV Clementson, JHT Chen, H Chen, M Beiersdorfer, P Boyce, KR Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Kelley, RL AF Thorn, Daniel B. Brown, Greg V. Clementson, Joel H. T. Chen, Hui Chen, Mau Beiersdorfer, Peter Boyce, Kevin R. Kilbourne, Caroline A. Porter, F. Scott Kelley, Richard L. TI High-resolution spectroscopy of K-shell praseodymium with a high-energy microcalorimeter SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID HELIUM-LIKE XENON; HYDROGENLIKE; IONS; TRANSITIONS; ASTRO-E2; KRYPTON AB We present a measurement of the K-shell spectrum of He-like through Be-like praseodymium ions trapped in the Livermore SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap using a bismuth absorber pixel on the XRS/EBIT microcalorimeter. This measurement is the first of its kind where the n = 2 to n = 1 transitions of the various charge states are spectroscopically resolved. The measured transition energies are compared with theoretical calculations from several atomic codes. C1 [Thorn, Daniel B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Thorn, Daniel B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brown, Greg V.; Clementson, Joel H. T.; Chen, Hui; Chen, Mau; Beiersdorfer, Peter] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boyce, Kevin R.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Porter, F. Scott; Kelley, Richard L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Thorn, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dbthorn@ucdavis.edu RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1139/P07-134 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700023 ER PT J AU Carpenter, MH Jernigan, JG Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV AF Carpenter, Matthew H. Jernigan, J. Garrett Beiersdorfer, Peter Brown, Gregory V. TI The photon clean method: an event-based approach to analyzing X-ray spectra SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory AB The Photon Clean Method (PCM) is an inverse Monte-Carlo method of spectral fitting that differs from traditional fitting routines found in spectral modeling packages by fitting event lists as opposed to binned spectra. The model spectrum is represented in event form as well. Thus, using this method it is possible to fit data of higher dimensionality than can be fit using binned spectra and standard routines based on Chi-Square statistics, such as event-mode data from electron beam ion traps or satellite observations that are tagged, for example, as a function of time, position, or energy. To demonstrate some of the power of the PCM and aid in its development, we have implemented a simplified one-dimensional version of the PCM algorithm (PCM1D). Using our implementation, which is a command-line program intended for public release, we have performed tests on simulated and observed Chandra ACIS CCD data, and present two examples, one on Cassiopeia A and another on a simulated multitemperature plasma in collisional ionization equilibrium. C1 [Carpenter, Matthew H.; Jernigan, J. Garrett] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beiersdorfer, Peter; Brown, Gregory V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carpenter, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carpenter@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1139/P07-153 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700024 ER PT J AU May, MJ Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Fournier, KB Gu, M Hansen, SB Schneider, M Scofield, JH Terracol, S Reed, KJ Wilson, B Wong, KL Boyce, KR Kelley, R Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS AF May, M. J. Beiersdorfer, P. Brown, G. V. Fournier, K. B. Gu, M. Hansen, S. B. Schneider, M. Scofield, J. H. Terracol, S. Reed, K. J. Wilson, B. Wong, K. L. Boyce, K. R. Kelley, R. Kilbourne, C. A. Porter, F. S. TI Measuring the ionization balance of gold in a low-density plasma of importance to inertial confinement fusion SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTION; ELECTRON-BEAM; X-RAY; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC PROCESSES; EXCITATION; ASTROPHYSICS; SPECTROSCOPY; WORKSHOP AB Charge state distributions (CSDs) have been determined in low-density (approximate to 10(12) cm(-3)) gold plasmas having either a monoenergetic beam (E(Beam) = 2.66, 3.53, 4.54, 5.35, 5.85, and 6.35 keV) or experimentally simulated thermal electron distributions (T(e) = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 keV). These plasmas were created in the Livermore electron beam ion traps, EBIT-I and EBIT-II. Line emission and radiative recombination features of K to Kr-like gold ions were recorded in the X-ray region with a crystal spectrometer and a photometrically calibrated microcalorimeter. The CSDs in the experimentally simulated thermal plasmas were inferred by fitting the observed 4f -> 3d and 5f -> 3d lines with synthetic spectra from the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC). Additionally, the CSDs in the beam plasmas were inferred both from fitting the line emission and fitting the radiative recombination emission to calculations from the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Program. Despite the relatively simple atomic physics in the low-density plasma, differences existed between the experimental CSDs and the simulations from several available codes (for example, RIGEL). Our experimental CSD relied upon accurate electron impact cross sections provided by HULLAC. To determine their reliability, we have experimentally determined the cross sections for several of the n = 3 -> 4 and n = 3 -> 5 excitations in Ni to Ga-like Au and compared them to distorted wave calculations. Cross-section calculations by flexible atomic code (FAC) and HULLAC were found to be very consistent. Recent Au spectra recorded during experiments at the OMEGA laser facility are presented and compared with those recorded from EBIT-I and EBIT-II. This comparison shows that spectra from the two sources are surprisingly similar despite a 10 order of magnitude difference in their respective plasma densities. C1 [May, M. J.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown, G. V.; Fournier, K. B.; Gu, M.; Hansen, S. B.; Schneider, M.; Scofield, J. H.; Terracol, S.; Reed, K. J.; Wilson, B.; Wong, K. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boyce, K. R.; Kelley, R.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20700 USA. RP May, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-95, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM may13@llnl.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1139/P07-150 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700025 ER PT J AU Schneider, MB Mancini, R Widmann, K Fournier, KB Brown, GV Chung, HK Baldis, HA Cone, K Hansen, SB May, MJ Thorn, D Beiersdorfer, P AF Schneider, M. B. Mancini, R. Widmann, K. Fournier, K. B. Brown, G. V. Chung, H. -K. Baldis, H. A. Cone, K. Hansen, S. B. May, M. J. Thorn, D. Beiersdorfer, P. TI An overview of EBIT data needed for experiments on laser-produced plasmas SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE LINES; BE-LIKE FE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRON-BEAM; POLARIZATION; IONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IGNITION; SPECTRA AB Data produced by an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) can be crucial for interpreting spectra from plasmas created by long-pulse lasers. Four example spectra are considered: (i) the spectra from the hot gold plasma in the laser deposition region of a hot hohlraum, (ii) the He-beta spectra from an argon-doped imploding core of an inertial confinement fusion capsule, (iii) the polarization in spectral lines produced by hot electrons generated by laser-plasma parametric instabilities, and (iv) the spectra of the underdense plasma from an aerogel X-ray source. The EBIT data needed for these cases are: (i) the line positions for 3 -> 2 transitions in open M shell gold ions, (ii) the Li-like satellite lines for the K-beta transition in open L shell argon ions, (iii) the polarization of suitable X-ray lines at 30 keV, and (iv) the precise wavelengths of K lines of highly charged Si ions and the precise wavelengths of L and K lines of highly charged Ge ions C1 [Schneider, M. B.; Widmann, K.; Fournier, K. B.; Brown, G. V.; Chung, H. -K.; Hansen, S. B.; May, M. J.; Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mancini, R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Baldis, H. A.; Cone, K.; Thorn, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schneider, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schneider5@llnl.gov NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1139/P07-179 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700026 ER PT J AU Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, VL Neill, P Safronova, UI Fedin, DA Ouart, ND Yilmaz, MF Osborne, G Shrestha, I Williamson, K Hoppe, T Harris, C Beiersdorfer, P Hansen, S AF Safronova, A. S. Kantsyrev, V. L. Neill, P. Safronova, U. I. Fedin, D. A. Ouart, N. D. Yilmaz, M. F. Osborne, G. Shrestha, I. Williamson, K. Hoppe, T. Harris, C. Beiersdorfer, P. Hansen, S. TI The importance of EBIT data for Z-pinch plasma diagnostics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE LINES; MA ZEBRA GENERATOR; ELECTRON-BEAM; HELIUMLIKE TITANIUM; IMPLOSION DYNAMICS; WIRE ARRAYS; SPECTRA; POLARIZATION AB The results from the last six years of X-ray spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry of high-energy density Z-pinch plasmas complemented by experiments with the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) are presented. The two topics discussed are the development of M-shell X-ray W spectroscopic diagnostics and K-shell Ti spectropolarimetry of Z-pinch plasmas. The main focus is on radiation from a specific load configuration called an "X-pinch". In this work the study of X-pinches with tungsten wires combined with wires from other, lower Z materials is reported. Utilizing data produced with the LLNL EBIT at different energies of the electron beam the theoretical prediction of line positions and intensity of M-shell W spectra were tested and calibrated. Polarization-sensitive X-pinch experiments at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) provide experimental evidence for the existence of strong electron beams in Ti and Mo X-pinch plasmas and motivate the development of X-ray spectropolarimetry of Z-pinch plasmas. This diagnostic is based on the measurement of spectra recorded simultaneously by two spectrometers with different sensitivity to the linear polarization of the observed lines and compared with theoretical models of polarization-dependent spectra. Polarization-dependent K-shell spectra from Ti X-pinches are presented and compared with model calculations and with spectra generated by a quasi-Maxwellian electron beam at the LLNL EBIT-II electron beam ion trap. C1 [Safronova, A. S.; Kantsyrev, V. L.; Neill, P.; Safronova, U. I.; Fedin, D. A.; Ouart, N. D.; Yilmaz, M. F.; Osborne, G.; Shrestha, I.; Williamson, K.; Hoppe, T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hoppe, T.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Harris, C.] Gulf Coast Coll, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Hansen, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Safronova, AS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, MS 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM alla@physics.unr.edu OI Hoppe, Travis/0000-0002-4694-3050 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1139/P07-170 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700027 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH AF Skinner, Charles H. TI Applications of EBIT to magnetic fusion diagnostics SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID BEAM ION-TRAP; HIGHLY-IONIZED ATOMS; TUNGSTEN; DIVERTOR; TOKAMAK; ITER; BERYLLIUM; SPECTRA; PLASMAS; CARBON AB Fusion-energy development has reached an exciting stage with the agreement by seven nations, representing over half the world population, to build the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of magnetic fusion. High-Z materials such as tungsten are used in plasma-facing components, and contamination of the plasma by sputtered impurities must be controlled to limit radiation losses. Spectroscopic diagnostics will be used to monitor impurity influx and EBIT has played a key role in generating the atomic data necessary to interpret the spectroscopic observations. In this paper, we focus on the key contributions that EBIT devices are uniquely positioned to make in the spectroscopic diagnostics of next-step burning plasmas such as ITER and list specific areas where new data are needed. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 46 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1139/P07-100 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700029 ER PT J AU Bitter, M Hill, KW von Goeler, S Stodiek, W Beiersdorfer, P Rice, JE Ince-Cushman, A AF Bitter, M. Hill, K. W. von Goeler, S. Stodiek, W. Beiersdorfer, P. Rice, J. E. Ince-Cushman, A. TI Measurements of the intercombination and forbidden lines from the spectra of helium-like ions in tokamaks and electron beam ion traps SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; FUSION-TEST REACTOR; ALPHA RESONANCE LINE; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; IMPACT EXCITATION; CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; RADIAL PROFILES; CROSS-SECTIONS; GROUND-STATE AB The paper reviews the results from tokamak experiments and measurements on electron beam ion traps for the line ratios x/w, y/w, and z/w in the spectra of helium-like ions with Z in the range from 14 to 28. With the exception of the DITE experiments, where these line ratios were found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions, all other tokamak experiments yielded values that were significantly greater than predicted. The reasons for these discrepancies are not yet understood. It is possible that radial profile effects were not properly taken into account in the majority of the tokamak experiments. The paper also gives a short historical review of the X-ray diagnostic developments and presents very recent data from a new type of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, which records spatially resolved spectra with a spatial resolution of about 1 cm in the plasma. These new data can be Abel inverted, so that it will be possible to determine line ratios at each radial position in the plasma. Effects of radial profiles, which may have affected the chord-integrated measurements of the past, will thus be eliminated in the future. C1 [Bitter, M.; Hill, K. W.; von Goeler, S.; Stodiek, W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rice, J. E.; Ince-Cushman, A.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bitter, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM bitter@pppl.gov NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1139/P07-138 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700030 ER PT J AU Graf, AT Brockington, S Horton, R Howard, S Hwang, D Beiersdorfer, P Clementson, J Hill, D May, M Mclean, H Wood, R Bitter, M Terry, J Rowan, WL Lepson, JK Delgado-Aparicio, L AF Graf, A. T. Brockington, S. Horton, R. Howard, S. Hwang, D. Beiersdorfer, P. Clementson, J. Hill, D. May, M. Mclean, H. Wood, R. Bitter, M. Terry, J. Rowan, W. L. Lepson, J. K. Delgado-Aparicio, L. TI Spectroscopy on magnetically confined plasmas using electron beam ion trap spectrometers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID SOFT-X-RAY; ALCATOR-C-MOD; HIGH-RESOLUTION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; LINE EMISSION; FE; IMPLEMENTATION; OPERATION; ANGSTROM; SPECTRA AB Multiple spectrometers originally designed for and used at the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's electron beam ion trap have found use at various magnetically confined plasma facilities. Three examples will be described. First is a soft X-ray/EUV grating spectrometer (6-150 angstrom), which is operating at the National Spherical Torus Experiment. Second is an EUV spectrometer with wavelength coverage up to 400 angstrom, which has just recently started operating at the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment. The last is a high-resolution transmission-grating spectrometer for visible light that has been used at the Compact Toroid Injection Experiment and is currently at the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. C1 [Graf, A. T.; Brockington, S.; Horton, R.; Howard, S.; Hwang, D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Clementson, J.; Hill, D.; May, M.; Mclean, H.; Wood, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bitter, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Terry, J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rowan, W. L.] Univ Texas Austin, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lepson, J. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Delgado-Aparicio, L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Graf, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM agraf@psfc.mit.edu NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1139/P07-117 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700031 ER PT J AU Chaffer, M Rivas, AL Elad, D Koren, O Garazi, S Chowell, G Schwager, SJ AF Chaffer, Marcelo Rivas, Ariel L. Elad, Daniel Koren, Ori Garazi, Shlomo Chowell, Gerardo Schwager, Steven J. TI Receiver operating characteristic-based assessment of a serological test used to detect Johne's disease in Israeli dairy herds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS; ANIMAL-HEALTH SURVEYS; BOVINE-PARATUBERCULOSIS; CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; FECAL CULTURE; SAMPLE-SIZE; ELISA; PREVALENCE AB The overall accuracy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used to detect Johne's disease at herd level was explored in relation to an imperfect test (fecal culture) in 57 Israeli dairy herds. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated an area under the curve (AUC) that corresponded to a test accuracy of 82.0% (69.5% to 90.9%; 95% confidence), with optimized herd sensitivity and herd specificity of 70.4% and 83.3%, respectively; and predictive values of 79.2 (+) and 75.8% (-). The optimal ELISA cutoff was 3.16% (> 3.16% seropositive cows in a herd), which was associated with likelihood ratios (LR) of 4.22 (+LR) and 0.36 (-LR), and post-test probabilities of 0.79 (+) and 0.17 (-). For herds with <= 200 cows (n = 19 herds), the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the AUC was 0.62-0.97 and the optimal cutoff was 3.33% (HSe = 87.5, HSp = 81.8); for herds with > 200 but <= 270 cows (n = 19 herds), the 95% AUC CI was 0.62-0.97 and the optimal cutoff was 1.13% (HSe = 90.0, HSp = 77.78); and for herds with > 270 cows (n = 19 herds), the 95% AUC CI was 0.69-0.99 and the optimal cutoff was 0.7% (HSe = 100.0, HSp = 70.0). The AUC was not influenced by across-herd prevalence [R-2 (adjusted) = 0.0, P > 0.05]. Findings may be applied to facilitate targeted sampling of herds similar to those evaluated. For instance, a test cutoff of 0.76% could be considered for ''ruling disease in,'' while a cutoff of 3.7% could be used for ''ruling disease out.'' Caveats that may influence this analysis are discussed. C1 [Rivas, Ariel L.; Schwager, Steven J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. [Chaffer, Marcelo; Elad, Daniel] Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Bacteriol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Koren, Ori] Israel Johnes Dis Control Program, Israel Dairy Board, IL-75054 Rishon Leziyyon, Israel. [Garazi, Shlomo] Vet Serv, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Chowell, Gerardo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rivas, AL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. EM alr4@cornell.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 245DH UT WOS:000251914500003 PM 18214157 ER PT J AU Chin, K Devries, S Feiler, H Spellman, P Waldmana, F Wang, N Hennessy, B Mills, G Helen, M Hoff, B Bissell, M Guan, Y Hua, Z Kuo, WL McCormick, F Neve, R Stampfer, M Wooster, R Yaswen, P Das, D Fridlyand, J Correll, E Jin, J Nordmeyer, B Sudar, D Chew, K Dairkee, S Ljung, BM Hwang, S Esserman, L Arbushites, M Benz, C Koehler, M Marks, JD Zhou, Y Park, J Weber, B Gray, J AF Chin, Koei Devries, Sandy Feiler, Heidi Spellman, Paul Waldmana, Fred Wang, Nick Hennessy, Bryan Mills, Gordon Helen, Mary Hoff, Barcellos Bissell, Mina Guan, Yinghui Hua, Zhi Kuo, Wen-Lin McCormick, Frank Neve, Richard Stampfer, Martha Wooster, Richard Yaswen, Paul Das, Debopriya Fridlyand, Jane Correll, Earl Jin, Jian Nordmeyer, Bob Sudar, Damir Chew, Karen Dairkee, Shanaz Ljung, Britt Marie Hwang, Shelly Esserman, Laura Arbushites, Michael Benz, Chris Koehler, Maria Marks, James D. Zhou, Yu Park, John Weber, Barbara Gray, Joe TI An integrative biology approach to predictive markers in breast cancer SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chin, Koei; Devries, Sandy; Feiler, Heidi; Waldmana, Fred; Hua, Zhi; McCormick, Frank; Fridlyand, Jane; Chew, Karen; Ljung, Britt Marie; Marks, James D.; Zhou, Yu; Park, John; Gray, Joe] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Spellman, Paul; Wang, Nick; Hoff, Barcellos; Bissell, Mina; Guan, Yinghui; Kuo, Wen-Lin; Neve, Richard; Stampfer, Martha; Yaswen, Paul; Das, Debopriya; Correll, Earl; Jin, Jian; Nordmeyer, Bob; Sudar, Damir; Gray, Joe] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hennessy, Bryan; Mills, Gordon] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wooster, Richard; Arbushites, Michael; Koehler, Maria; Weber, Barbara] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, King Of Prussia, PA USA. [Dairkee, Shanaz] Calif Pacific Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Benz, Chris] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365JW UT WOS:000260403300008 ER PT J AU Zangar, RC AF Zangar, Richard C. TI ELISA microarray platform SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zangar, Richard C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365JW UT WOS:000260403300105 ER PT J AU Hillegonds, D Fitzgerald, R Burton, D Yang, M Walczyk, T Vijayakumar, S Herold, D Deftos, L Vogel, J AF Hillegonds, Darren Fitzgerald, Robert Burton, Douglas Yang, Meng Walczyk, Thomas Vijayakumar, Srinivasan Herold, David Deftos, Leonard Vogel, John TI Translating a novel urine test for early detection and accurate assessment of bone abnormalities SO CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Meeting on Cancer Induced Bone Disease CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Canc & Bone Soc, Amgen, Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dohme HO Heriot Watt Univ C1 [Hillegonds, Darren; Yang, Meng; Vogel, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 92103 USA. [Fitzgerald, Robert; Burton, Douglas; Herold, David; Deftos, Leonard] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Hillegonds, Darren; Fitzgerald, Robert; Burton, Douglas; Yang, Meng; Walczyk, Thomas; Vijayakumar, Srinivasan; Herold, David; Deftos, Leonard; Vogel, John] AntiCancer Inc, San Diego 117548, CA USA. [Walczyk, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore, 39216, Singapore. [Vijayakumar, Srinivasan] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-7372 J9 CANCER TREAT REV JI Cancer Treat. Rev. PY 2008 VL 34 SU 1 BP S49 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.03.027 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 326JW UT WOS:000257655800020 ER PT J AU Wu, X Gallego, NC Contescu, CI Tekinalp, H Bhat, VV Baker, FS Thies, MC AF Wu, Xianxian Gallego, Nidia C. Contescu, Cristian I. Tekinalp, Halil Bhat, Vinay V. Baker, Frederick S. Thies, Mark C. TI The effect of processing conditions on microstructure of Pd-containing activated carbon fibers SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; PRECURSOR CHEMISTRY; ADSORPTION; PITCH; NANOTUBES; PALLADIUM; CATALYSTS; SIZE; CO2; CARBONIZATION AB Palladium-doped activated carbon fibers are being evaluated as candidate materials for enhanced hydrogen storage at near ambient conditions. Pd-doped fibers were spun using a Pd salt mixed with an isotropic pitch precursor. Experimental techniques such as in situ X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric studies, scanning transmission electron microscopy and gas adsorption were employed to understand how processing conditions for the production of Pd-doped activated carbon fibers affect the microstructure, pore development, and dispersion of metal particles throughout the fibers. The results showed that PdO phase is present in the stabilized fibers and that this oxide phase is stable up to about 250 degrees C. The oxide phase transforms into Pd metal with increasing heat treatment temperature, going through the formation of an intermediate carbide phase. Sintering of Pd particles was observed with heat treatment at temperatures over 750 degrees C. It was also found that pore development during physical activation with CO2 was not significantly affected by the presence of Pd particles within the fibers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Xianxian; Gallego, Nidia C.; Contescu, Cristian I.; Bhat, Vinay V.; Baker, Frederick S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tekinalp, Halil; Thies, Mark C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Gallego, NC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008,MS-6087, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xianxian.wu@emerson.com; gallegonc@ornl.gov RI Contescu, Cristian/E-8880-2011; OI Contescu, Cristian/0000-0002-7450-3722; Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.10.036 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 272GT UT WOS:000253848600009 ER PT B AU Salazar-Vilialpando, M Gardner, TH AF Salazar-Vilialpando, Maria Gardner, Todd H. BE Neelameggham, NR Reddy, RG TI Co-2 reduction by dry methane reforming over ihxaaluminates: A promising technology for decreasing global warming in a cost effective manner SO CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION METALLURGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Carbon Dioxide Reduction Symposium CY MAR 09-13, 2008-2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div ID CO2; CATALYSTS AB Efficient utilization Of CO2 can help to decrease global warming. Methane reforming using carbon dioxide has been of interest for many years, but recently that interest has experienced a rapid increase for both environmental and commercial reasons. The use of CO2 provides a source of clean oxygen, which eliminates the need for costly oxygen separation plants. The product of dry reforming is useful syn-gas, which can be used to generate electrical power in a SOFC or in the production of synthetic fuels (hydrocarbons and alcohols). Hexaaluminate catalysts prepared at NETL may represent a product that can be utilized for the conversion Of CO2 to syn-gas. In this work, transition metals dispersed in barium hexaaluminate have shown to be promising new catalysts for dry methane reforming. In this investigation, a series of BaNixAl12-yO19-delta catalysts with varying Ni content were prepared by co-precipitation followed by calcination at 1400 degrees C. CO2 reduction by dry methane reforming was carried out to determine catalyst performance as a function of temperature and carbon formation was also quantified after the reforming tests. Results of catalysts characterization, dispersion and surface area, were correlated to catalytic performance. C1 [Salazar-Vilialpando, Maria; Gardner, Todd H.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Salazar-Vilialpando, M (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd POB, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM Maria.Salazar-Villalpando@NETL.DOE.GOV NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-713-1 PY 2008 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHR20 UT WOS:000255592100004 ER PT S AU Spataru, CD Ismail-Beigi, S Capaz, RB Louie, SG AF Spataru, Catalin D. Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab Capaz, Rodrigo B. Louie, Steven G. BE Jorio, A Dresselhaus, G Dresselhaus, MS TI Quasiparticle and excitonic effects in the optical response of nanotubes and nanoribbons SO CARBON NA NOTUBES: ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ELECTRON-HOLE EXCITATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; BAND-GAP; GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS; SINGLE-WALL; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTRA; INSULATORS AB This chapter discusses the effects of many-electron interactions in the photophysics of nanotubes and their consequences on measured properties. The basic theory and key physical differences between two common types of electronic excitations are developed: single-particle excitations (quasiparticles) measured in transport or photoemission experiments, and electron-hole pair excitations (excitonic states) measured in optical experiments. We show, through first-principles calculations, that both quasiparticle and excitonic effects are crucial in understanding the optical response of the carbon nanotubes. These effects change qualitatively the nature of the photoexcited states, leading to extraordinarily strongly bound excitons in both semiconducting and metallic nanotubes and explaining the so-called "ratio problem" in carbon-nanotube spectroscopy. Using simplified models parameterized by the first-principles results, the diameter and family dependences of the exciton properties in carbon nanotubes are further elucidated. We also analyze the symmetries of excitons and their selection rules for one- and two-photon spectroscopy. A method for calculating the radiative lifetime of excitons in carbon nanotubes is also described. In addition, we briefly discuss the effects of pressure and temperature on optical transitions. Finally, we show that many-electron effects are equally dominant in the excitation spectra of other quasi-one-dimensional systems, including the boron-nitride nanotubes, semiconductor nanowires, and graphene nanoribbons. C1 [Spataru, Catalin D.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Spataru, Catalin D.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Capaz, Rodrigo B.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Capaz, Rodrigo B.] Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizac & Qual Ind Inmetro, Div Mat Metrol, BR-25245020 Duque De Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Louie, Steven G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spataru, CD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dcs2113@columbia.edu; sohrab.ismail-beigi@yale.edu; capaz@if.ufrj.br; sglouie@berkeley.edu RI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/F-2382-2014; B, Rodrigo/N-7595-2014 OI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/0000-0002-7331-9624; NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 978-3-540-72864-1 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2008 VL 111 BP 195 EP 227 PG 33 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHJ04 UT WOS:000253476700007 ER PT S AU Ma, YZ Hertel, T Vardeny, ZV Fleming, GR Valkunas, L AF Ma, Ying-Zhong Hertel, Tobias Vardeny, Zeev Valy Fleming, Graham R. Valkunas, Leonas BE Jorio, A Dresselhaus, G Dresselhaus, MS TI Ultrafast Spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes SO CARBON NA NOTUBES: ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-WALL; TIME-DOMAIN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; CARRIER DYNAMICS; METAL-SURFACES; FEMTOSECOND; RECOMBINATION; CONDUCTIVITY; EMISSION AB Time-domain spectroscopic studies provide a unique perspective on the materials properties and the microscopic processes underlying them in carbon nanotubes. Ultrafast spectroscopy is used to study the dynamics and kinetics of scattering and relaxation processes from the femtosecond (1 fs equivalent to 10(-15) s) to the picosecond timescale. This provides crucial information on carrier and exciton dynamics that underpin a variety of potential applications of carbon nanotubes, from their use as current-carrying quantum wires, through light-emitting or detecting nanodevices, to their use in light-harvesting technologies and photovoltaics. Background information on the ultrafast spectroscopic techniques of greatest applicability to nanotubes is also provided. C1 [Ma, Ying-Zhong; Fleming, Graham R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ma, Ying-Zhong; Fleming, Graham R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hertel, Tobias] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Vardeny, Zeev Valy] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Valkunas, Leonas] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Phys, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Valkunas, Leonas] Vilnius State Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Fac Phys, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Ma, YZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yzma@berkeley.edu; tobias.hertel@vanderbilt.edu; val@nova.physics.utah.edu; GRFleming@lbl.gov; Leonas.Valkunas@ff.vu.lt RI Hertel, Tobias/J-4243-2012; Hertel, Tobias/D-5805-2013; Ma, Yingzhong/L-6261-2016 OI Ma, Yingzhong/0000-0002-8154-1006 NR 84 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 978-3-540-72864-1 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2008 VL 111 BP 321 EP 352 PG 32 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHJ04 UT WOS:000253476700011 ER PT S AU Saito, S Zettl, A AF Saito, S. Zettl, A. BE Saito, S Zettl, A TI Carbon Nanotubes Quantum Cylinders of Graphene VOLUME PREFACE SO CARBON NANOTUBES: QUANTUM CYLINDERS OF GRAPHENE SE Contemporary Concepts of Condensed Matter Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Saito, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Saito, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Res Ctr Nanometer Scale Quantum Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. [Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saito, S (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Oh Okayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0934 BN 978-0-08-056991-8 J9 CONT CONCEPT CONDENS PY 2008 BP XI EP XIII PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCS81 UT WOS:000311298500002 ER PT S AU Schlyer, DJ AF Schlyer, David J. BE Madhavan, G Oakley, B Kun, L TI Independent Research Laboratories SO CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY SE Series in Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US DOE, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Schlyer, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1864-5763 BN 978-0-387-76494-8 J9 SER BIOMED ENG PY 2008 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-76495-5_8 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-76495-5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BKF49 UT WOS:000267955700009 ER PT S AU Holdren, JP AF Holdren, John P. BE Madhavan, G Oakley, B Kun, L TI Energy and Sustainability in the 21st Century SO CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY SE Series in Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Holdren, John P.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Holdren, John P.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Holdren, John P.] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Belfer Ctr Sci & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Publ Policy, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Holdren, John P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Holdren, JP (reprint author), Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1864-5763 BN 978-0-387-76494-8 J9 SER BIOMED ENG PY 2008 BP 408 EP 409 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-76495-5_57 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-76495-5 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BKF49 UT WOS:000267955700058 ER PT S AU Anders, A AF Anders, Andre BA Anders, A BF Anders, A TI Cathodic Arcs From Fractal Spots to Energetic Condensation With 262 Figures and 25 Tables Introduction SO CATHODIC ARCS: FROM FRACTAL SPOTS TO ENERGETIC CONDENSATION SE Springer Series on Atomic Optical and Plasma Physics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB The introduction contains the essence of the book in simplified language-the main ideas are outlined and summarized and some reasoning is provided for the structure of book. In essence, one follows the path of the cathode material from the solid through the plasma phase all the way to the condensed phase on the substrate, i.e., when a film has formed by energetic condensation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Plasma Applicat Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Plasma Applicat Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov; aanders@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 193 Z9 193 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-5653 BN 978-0-387-79107-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ATOM OP PY 2008 VL 50 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-79108-1_1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJO03 UT WOS:000266884300001 ER PT B AU Yu, WK Vetter, JS AF Yu, Weikuan Vetter, Jeffrey S. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Xen-Based HPC: A Parallel I/O Perspective SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB Virtualization using Xen-based virtual machine environment has yet to permeate the field of high performance computing (HPC). One major requirement for HPC is the availability of scalable and high performance I/O. Conventional wisdom suggests that virtualization of system services must lead to degraded performance. In this presentation, we take on a parallel I/O perspective to study the viability of Xen-based HPC for data-intensive programs. We have analyzed the overheads and migration costs for parallel I/O programs in a Xen-based virtual machine cluster. Our analysis covers PVFS-based parallel I/O over two different networking protocols: TCP-based Gigabit Ethernet and VMM-bypass InfiniBand. Our experimental results suggest that network processing in Xen-based virtualization can significantly impact the performance of Parallel I/O. By carefully tuning the networking layers, we have demonstrated the following for Xen-based HPC I/O: (1) TCP offloading can help achieve low overhead parallel I/O; (2) parallel reads and writes require different network tuning to achieve good I/O bandwidth; and (3) Xen-based HPC environment can support high performance parallel I/O with both negligible overhead and little migration cost. C1 [Yu, Weikuan; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yu, WK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wyu@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 154 EP 161 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300020 ER PT B AU Cholia, S Porter, RJ AF Cholia, Shreyas Porter, R. Jefferson BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Publication and Protection of Sensitive Site Information in a Grid Infrastructure SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB In order to create a successful grid infrastructure, sites and resource providers must be able to publish information about their underlying resources and services. This information makes it easier for users and virtual organizations to make intelligent decisions about resource selection and scheduling, and can be used by the grid infrastructure for accounting and troubleshooting services. However, such an outbound stream may include data deemed sensitive by a resource-providing site, exposing potential security vulnerabilities or private user information to the world at large, including malicious entities. This study analyzes the various vectors of information being published from sites to grid infrastructures. In particular, it examines the data being published to, and collected by the Open Science Grid, including resource selection, monitoring, accounting, troubleshooting, logging and site verification data. We analyze the risks and potential threat models posed by the publication and collection of such data. We also offer some recommendations and best practices for sites and grid infrastructures to manage and protect sensitive data. C1 [Cholia, Shreyas; Porter, R. Jefferson] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cholia, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM scholia@lbl.gov; rjporter@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 639 EP 644 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300082 ER PT B AU Pala, M Cholia, S Rea, SA Smith, SW AF Pala, Massimiliano Cholia, Shreyas Rea, Scott A. Smith, Sean W. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Extending PKI Interoperability in Computational Grids SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE ID DISCOVERY; SERVICES AB One of the most successful working examples of virtual organizations, computational grids need authentication mechanisms that inter-operate across domain boundaries. Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) provide sufficient flexibility to allow resource managers to securely grant access to their systems in such distributed environments. However as PKIs grow and services are added to enhance both security and usability, users and applications must struggle to discover available resources-particularly when the Certification Authority (CA) is alien to the relying party. This paper(1) presents how to overcome these limitations of the current grid authentication model by integrating the PKI Resource Query Protocol (PRQP) into the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI). C1 [Pala, Massimiliano; Rea, Scott A.; Smith, Sean W.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Cholia, Shreyas] Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pala, M (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM pala@cs.dartmouth.edu; scholia@lbl.gov; scott.rea@dartmouth.edu; sws@cs.dartmouth.edu FU NSF [CNS-0448499]; U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security [2006-CS-001-000001] FX 1The authors would like to thank the IGTF members for their contribution and inspiring suggestions. This work was supported in part by the NSF (under Grant CNS-0448499), the U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security (under Grant Award #2006-CS-001-000001), and Sun. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of any of the sponsors. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 645 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300083 ER PT B AU Brandt, J Debusschere, B Gentile, A Mayo, J Pebay, P Thompson, D Wong, M AF Brandt, Jim Debusschere, Bert Gentile, Ann Mayo, Jackson Pebay, Philippe Thompson, David Wong, Matthew BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Using Probabilistic Characterization to Reduce Runtime Faults in HPC Systems SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB The current trend in high performance computing is to aggregate ever larger numbers of processing and interconnection elements in order to achieve desired levels of computational power, This, however, also comes with a decrease in the Mean Time To Interrupt because the elements comprising these systems are not becoming significantly more robust. There is substantial evidence that the Mean Time To Interrupt vs. number of processor elements involved is quite similar over a large number of platforms. In this paper we present a system that uses hardware level monitoring coupled with statistical analysis and modeling to select processing system elements based on where they lie in the statistical distribution of similar elements. These characterizations can be used by the scheduler/resource manager to deliver a close to optimal set of processing elements given the available pool and the reliability requirements of the application. C1 [Brandt, Jim; Debusschere, Bert; Gentile, Ann; Mayo, Jackson; Pebay, Philippe; Thompson, David; Wong, Matthew] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brandt, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9152,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM brandt@sandia.gov; bjdebus@sandia.gov; gentile@sandia.gov; jmayo@sandia.gov; pppebay@sandia.gov; dcthomp@sandia.gov; mhwong@sandia.gov OI Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 759 EP 764 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300106 ER PT B AU Stearley, J Oliner, AJ AF Stearley, Jon Oliner, Adam J. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Bad Words: Finding Faults In Spirit's Syslogs SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB Accurate fault detection is a key element of resilient computing. Syslogs provide key information regarding faults, and are found on nearly all computing systems. Discovering new fault types requires expert human effort, however, as no previous algorithm has been shown to localize faults in time and space with an operationally acceptable false positive rate. We present experiments on three weeks of syslogs from Sandia's 512-node "Spirit" Linux cluster, showing one algorithm that localizes 50% of faults with 75% precision, corresponding to an excellent false positive rate of 0.05%. The salient characteristics of this algorithm are (1) calculation of nodewise information entropy, and (2) encoding of word position. The key observation is that similar computers correctly executing similar work should produce similar logs. C1 [Stearley, Jon] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. [Oliner, Adam J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stearley, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM jrstear@sandia.gov; oliner@cs.stanford.edu FU Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy High Performance Computer Science Fellowship FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.; Work was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Energy High Performance Computer Science Fellowship. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 765 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300107 ER PT B AU Naksinehaboon, N Liu, YD Leangsuksun, C Nassar, R Paun, M Scott, SL AF Naksinehaboon, Nichamon Liu, Yudan Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box) Nassar, Raja Paun, Mihaela Scott, Stephen L. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Reliability-aware Approach: An Incremental Checkpoint/Restart Model in HPC Environments SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB For full checkpoint on a large-scale HPC system, huge memory contexts must potentially be transferred through the network and saved in a reliable storage. As such, the time taken to checkpoint becomes a critical issue which directly impacts the total execution time. Therefore, incremental checkpoint as a less intrusive method to reduce the waste time has been gaining significant attentions in the HPC community. In this paper, we built a model that aims to reduce full checkpoint overhead by performing a set of incremental checkpoints between two consecutive full checkpoints. Moreover, a method to find the number of those incremental checkpoints is given. Furthermore, most of the comparison results between the incremental checkpoint model and the full checkpoint model [19] on the same failure data set show that the total waste time in the incremental checkpoint model is significantly smaller than the waste time in the full checkpoint model. C1 [Naksinehaboon, Nichamon; Liu, Yudan; Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box); Nassar, Raja; Paun, Mihaela] Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Eng & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Mathmat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Naksinehaboon, N (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Eng & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM nna003@latech.edu; yli010@latech.edu; box@latech.edu; nassar@latech.edu; mpaun@latech.edu; scottsl@ornl.gov RI Paun, Mihaela/C-3539-2011 OI Paun, Mihaela/0000-0002-3342-9140 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER25659]; Mathematics, Information and Computational Sciences Office; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle; LLC FX Research supported by the Department of Energy Grant no: DE-FG02-05ER25659.; Research supported by the Mathematics, Information and Computational Sciences Office, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 783 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300110 ER PT B AU Jones, WM Daly, JT DeBardeleben, NA AF Jones, William M. Daly, John T. DeBardeleben, Nathan A. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Application Resilience: Making Progress In Spite of Failure SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB While measures such as raw compute performance and system capacity continue to be important factors for evaluating cluster performance, such issues as system reliability and application resilience have become increasingly important as cluster sizes rapidly grow. Although efforts to directly improve fault-tolerance are important, it is also essential to accept that application failures will inevitably occur and to ensure that progress is made despite these failures. Application monitoring frameworks are central to providing application resilience. As such, the central theme of this paper is to address the impact that application monitoring detection latency has on the overall system performance. We find that immediate fault detection is not necessary in order to obtain substantial improvement in performance. This conclusion is significant because it implies that less complex, highly portable, and predominately less expensive failure detection schemes would provide adequate application resilience. C1 [Jones, William M.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Daly, John T.; DeBardeleben, Nathan A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Performance Sys Integrat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jones, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wmjones@usna.edu; jtd@lanl.gov; ndebard@lanl.gov RI McLean, Laurence /C-7367-2014 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 789 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300111 ER PT B AU Daly, JT Pritchett-Sheats, LA Michalak, SE AF Daly, J. T. Pritchett-Sheats, L. A. Michalak, S. E. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Application MTTFE vs. Platform MTBF: A Fresh Perspective on System Reliability and Application Throughput for Computations at Scale SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB When running on HPC systems characterized by component failure rates high enough to impact productivity, it becomes important to consider the impact of those failures on individual applications. Typically, this is done by assuming that the mean time between failures (MTBF) for hardware and software components on the system is equivalent to the mean time to fatal error (MTTFE) for an application running on that system. In addition, one commonly applies the rule of thumb estimate that application MTTFE scales as the inverse of the number of nodes used to run the application, so that running on half as many nodes increases MTTFE by a factor of two. However, this estimate does not take into account the fact that a non-trivial fraction of failures affect multiple compute nodes, so a single component failure has the potential to cause multiple application fatal errors. In the work that follows, a new model for application MTTFE is derived based on the impact of multi-component failures and their potential to terminate multiple applications. C1 [Daly, J. T.; Pritchett-Sheats, L. A.; Michalak, S. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daly, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jtd@lanl.gov; lpritch@lanl.gov; michalak@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 795 EP 800 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300112 ER PT B AU Engelmann, C Scott, SL Leangsuksun, C He, X AF Engelmann, C. Scott, S. L. Leangsuksun, C. He, X. BE Priol, T Lefevre, L Buyya, R TI Symmetric Active/Active High Availability for High-Performance Computing System Services: Accomplishments and Limitations SO CCGRID 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 19-22, 2008 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP IEEE AB This paper summarizes our efforts over the last 3-4 years in providing symmetric active/active high availability for high-performance computing (HPC) system services. This work paves the way for high-level reliability, availability and serviceability in extreme-scale HPC systems by focusing on the most critical components, head and service nodes, and by reinforcing them with appropriate high availability solutions. This paper presents our accomplishments in the form of concepts and respective prototypes, discusses existing limitations, outlines possible future work, and describes the relevance of this research to other, planned efforts. C1 [Engelmann, C.; Scott, S. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Engelmann, C.] Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Leangsuksun, C.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ruston, LA 70803 USA. [He, X.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM engelmannc@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov; box@latech.edu; hexb@tntech.edu FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); UT-Battelle; LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Louisiana Tech University under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER25659]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL; U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS-0617528, CNS-0720617] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. It was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. It was also performed at Louisiana Tech University under U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER25659. The work at Tennessee Tech University was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CNS-0617528 and CNS-0720617. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4237-9 PY 2008 BP 813 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM00 UT WOS:000270502300115 ER PT J AU Clark, SM Colas, B Kunz, M Speziale, S Monteiro, PJM AF Clark, S. M. Colas, B. Kunz, M. Speziale, S. Monteiro, P. J. M. TI Effect of pressure on the crystal structure of ettringite SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amorphous material; crystal structure; X-ray diffraction; ettringite ID ADVANCED-LIGHT-SOURCE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED BEAMLINES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; AMORPHIZATION; COMPRESSION; CALIBRATION; THAUMASITE; XRD; ALS AB X-ray diffraction and infrared data have been collected from a sample of ettringite from ambient pressure to 6.4 GPa. The sample was found to reversibly transform to an amorphous phase at 3 GPa. The isothermal bulk modulus of ettringite was found to be 27(7) GPa and the incompressibilities of the lattice parameters were found to be 71(30) GPa along a and 108(36) GPa along c. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clark, S. M.; Colas, B.; Kunz, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speziale, S.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Div 4 1, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Monteiro, P. J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clark, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smclark@lbl.gov RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010; Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012; Colas, Bruno/I-1707-2013; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900; Colas, Bruno/0000-0002-3928-0105; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.029 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 245EH UT WOS:000251917300002 ER PT S AU Gerson, AR Anastasio, C Crowe, S Fowle, D Guo, B Kennedy, I Lombi, E Nico, PS Marcus, MA Martin, RR Naftel, SJ Nelson, AJ Paktunc, D Roberts, JA Weisener, CG Werner, ML AF Gerson, A. R. Anastasio, C. Crowe, S. Fowle, D. Guo, B. Kennedy, I. Lombi, E. Nico, P. S. Marcus, M. A. Martin, R. R. Naftel, S. J. Nelson, A. J. Paktunc, D. Roberts, J. A. Weisener, C. G. Werner, M. L. BE Naidu, R TI FRONTIERS IN ASSESSING THE ROLE OF CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND NATURAL ATTENUATION ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT SO CHEMICAL BIOAVAILABILITY IN TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS SE Developments in Soil Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ISOTOPIC DILUTION; SOIL CADMIUM; CHROMIUM; AVAILABILITY; METALS; COPPER; ZINC; MECHANISMS C1 [Gerson, A. R.] Univ S Australia, Appl Ctr Struct & Synchrotron Studies, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Guo, B.; Kennedy, I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crowe, S.; Fowle, D.; Weisener, C. G.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Anastasio, C.; Werner, M. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Marcus, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, R. R.; Naftel, S. J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Nico, P. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Paktunc, D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Roberts, J. A.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Min & Mineral Sci Labs, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Gerson, AR (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Appl Ctr Struct & Synchrotron Studies, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0918 BN 978-0-08-055775-5 J9 DEV SOIL SCI JI Dev. Soil Sci. PY 2008 VL 32 BP 99 EP 136 PG 38 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BCU35 UT WOS:000311435800008 ER PT S AU Bolan, NS Rowarth, J Mora, MDLL Adriano, D Curtin, D AF Bolan, N. S. Rowarth, J. de la Luz Mora, M. Adriano, D. Curtin, D. BE Naidu, R TI BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS IN ACID SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING SO CHEMICAL BIOAVAILABILITY IN TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS SE Developments in Soil Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; TROPICAL FORAGE GRASSES; CONIFEROUS FOREST SOIL; HIGH-RAINFALL AREA; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NEW-ZEALAND; NORWAY SPRUCE; PLANT UPTAKE C1 [Bolan, N. S.] Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat Environm, Cooperat Res Ctr Contaminat Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Bolan, N. S.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Curtin, D.] Crop & Food, Christchurch, New Zealand. [de la Luz Mora, M.] Univ La Frontera, Dept Ciencas Quim, Inst Agroind, Temuco, Chile. [Adriano, D.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Rowarth, J.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Ctr Environm Risk Assessment & Remediat Environm, Cooperat Res Ctr Contaminat Assessment & Remediat, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 191 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0918 BN 978-0-08-055775-5 J9 DEV SOIL SCI JI Dev. Soil Sci. PY 2008 VL 32 BP 413 EP 446 PG 34 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BCU35 UT WOS:000311435800018 ER PT S AU Runkle, RC Myjak, MJ Batdorf, MT Bowler, RS Kiff, SD Morris, SJ Mullen, CA Rohrer, JS Todd, LC AF Runkle, Robert C. Myjak, Mitchell J. Batdorf, Michael T. Bowler, Ryan S. Kiff, Scott D. Morris, Scott J. Mullen, Crystal A. Rohrer, John S. Todd, Lindsay C. BE Fountain III, AW Gardner, PJ TI Unattended sensors for nuclear threat detection SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE special-nuclear-material detection; radiation detector; gamma-ray spectroscopy; low-power electronics; portal monitoring AB This paper discusses the ongoing development of a compact, unattended low-power radiation detection system designed for autonomous operation in regions with limited or no supporting infrastructure. This application motivates our focus on two of the more challenging system development problems: (1) the development of compact, low-power electronics for gamma-ray spectrometers and neutron detectors, and (2) analysis algorithms capable of distinguishing special nuclear material from benign sources in the opaque signatures of mid-resolution spectrometers. We discuss our development efforts on these fronts and present results based on implementation in a proof-of-principle system composed of two 5-cm x 10-cm x 41-cm NaI(Tl) crystals and eight 40-cm He-3 tubes. C1 [Runkle, Robert C.; Myjak, Mitchell J.; Batdorf, Michael T.; Bowler, Ryan S.; Kiff, Scott D.; Morris, Scott J.; Mullen, Crystal A.; Rohrer, John S.; Todd, Lindsay C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Runkle, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.runkle@pnl.gov OI Myjak, Mitchell/0000-0002-3807-3542 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7145-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6954 AR 69541A DI 10.1117/12.776399 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHY71 UT WOS:000257481800039 ER PT B AU Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM AF Nilsson, Anders Pettersson, Lars G. M. BE Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM Norskov, JK TI Adsorbate Electronic Structure and Bonding on Metal Surfaces SO CHEMICAL BONDING AT SURFACES AND INTERFACES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-EMISSION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SUBSTRATE CHEMICAL-BOND; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-METAL; CARBON-MONOXIDE; N-OCTANE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYTIC PROMOTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA C1 [Nilsson, Anders] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Nilsson, Anders; Pettersson, Lars G. M.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Nilsson, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013 OI Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934 NR 133 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055191-3; 978-0-444-52837-7 PY 2008 BP 57 EP 142 DI 10.1016/B978-044452837-7.50003-4 PG 86 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BEO61 UT WOS:000317589800003 ER PT J AU Strasser, P Ogasawara, H AF Strasser, Peter Ogasawara, Hirohito BE Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM Norskov, JK TI Surface Electrochemistry SO CHEMICAL BONDING AT SURFACES AND INTERFACES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; PT-RU ALLOYS; COMBINATORIAL HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PLATINUM MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; REFLECTION-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN-REDUCTION ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTRODE-ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES C1 [Strasser, Peter] Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Ogasawara, Hirohito] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Strasser, P (reprint author), Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 206 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055191-3 PY 2008 BP 397 EP 455 DI 10.1016/B978-044452837-7.50007-1 PG 59 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BEO61 UT WOS:000317589800007 ER PT B AU Brown, GE Trainor, TP Chaka, AM AF Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Trainor, Thomas P. Chaka, Anne M. BE Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM Norskov, JK TI Geochemistry of Mineral Surfaces and Factors Affecting Their Chemical Reactivity SO CHEMICAL BONDING AT SURFACES AND INTERFACES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PB(II) SORPTION PRODUCTS; SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; ALPHA-AL2O3 0001 SURFACE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; STANDING-WAVE TECHNIQUE C1 [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 185 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055191-3; 978-0-444-52837-7 PY 2008 BP 457 EP 509 DI 10.1016/B978-044452837-7.50008-3 PG 53 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BEO61 UT WOS:000317589800008 ER EF